CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>James B. Hertzog — Wikipédia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )frwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janvier","février","mars","avril","mai","juin","juillet","août","septembre","octobre","novembre","décembre"],"wgRequestId":"a4fa36f3-1ebb-461c-ad7b-1b0019f7bb9e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"James_B._Hertzog","wgTitle":"James B. Hertzog","wgCurRevisionId":220400299,"wgRevisionId":220400299, "wgArticleId":195300,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"James_B._Hertzog","wgRelevantArticleId":195300,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"James_Barry_Hertzog","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"fr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"fr"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"", "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/James_B._Hertzog","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ast","autonym":"asturianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym": "अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"az","autonym":"azərbaycanca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"be","autonym":"беларуская","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bg","autonym":"български","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bn","autonym":"বাংলা","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo", "autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ca","autonym":"català","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cs","autonym":"čeština","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym": "словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"da","autonym":"dansk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eo","autonym":"Esperanto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"et","autonym":"eesti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè" ,"dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gl","autonym":"galego","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hi","autonym":"हिन्दी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hr","autonym":"hrvatski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hy","autonym":"հայերեն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym": "Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ka","autonym":"ქართული","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kk","autonym":"қазақша","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ko","autonym":"한국어","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus", "autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lv","autonym":"latviešu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym": "Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mk","autonym":"македонски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml","autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ms","autonym":"Bahasa Melayu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nn","autonym":"norsk nynorsk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pnb","autonym":"پنجابی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pt","autonym":"português","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ro","autonym":"română","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym": "саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sh","autonym":"srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sk","autonym":"slovenčina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang" :"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sr","autonym":"српски / srpski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sw","autonym":"Kiswahili","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ta","autonym":"தமிழ்","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"th","autonym":"ไทย","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"} ,{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tr","autonym":"Türkçe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ur","autonym":"اردو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"uz","autonym":"oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vi","autonym":"Tiếng Việt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym": "West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wuu","autonym":"吴语","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg", "bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt", "pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q356395","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false, "wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":false,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.Mobile":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements", "mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks","ext.gadget.Wdsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=ext.gadget.Mobile&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Hertzog_JBM.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1650"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Hertzog_JBM.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1100"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="880"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="James B. Hertzog — Wikipédia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modifier" href="/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (fr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//fr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_B._Hertzog"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-James_B_Hertzog rootpage-James_B_Hertzog stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="fr" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Accueil</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Page_au_hasard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Au hasard</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Nearby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">À proximité</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=James+B.+Hertzog&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Se connecter</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:MobileOptions&returnto=James+B.+Hertzog&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Configuration</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source%3Ddonate%26utm_medium%3Dsidebar%26utm_campaign%3DC13_fr.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Dfr%26utm_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Faire un don</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%80_propos_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">À propos de Wikipédia</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Avertissements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Avertissements</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spécial:Recherche"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" aria-label="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigation utilisateur"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">James B. Hertzog</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> juriste, militaire et homme politique sud-africain </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=James+B.+Hertzog&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Suivre</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Modifier</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"> <span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirigé depuis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_Barry_Hertzog&redirect=no&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="James Barry Hertzog">James Barry Hertzog</a>)</span> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Hertzog">Hertzog</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p><b>James Barry Munnik Hertzog</b> (né le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1866-04-03" data-sort-value="1866-04-03">3 avril 1866</time> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Soetendal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Soetendal (page inexistante)">Soetendal</a> près de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wellington_(Afrique_du_Sud)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wellington (Afrique du Sud)">Wellington</a> dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonie_du_Cap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colonie du Cap">colonie du Cap</a> - mort le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1942-11-22" data-sort-value="1942-11-22">22 novembre 1942</time> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pretoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transvaal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transvaal">Transvaal</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_de_l%27Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Union de l'Afrique du Sud">Afrique du Sud</a>), est un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juriste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juriste">juriste</a>, un général <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boers">boer</a> et un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homme_d%27%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homme d'État">homme d'État</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avocat_(m%C3%A9tier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avocat (métier)">avocat</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conseiller_du_roi_(Commonwealth)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conseiller du roi (Commonwealth)">conseiller (émérite) du roi</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chef_de_gouvernement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chef de gouvernement">chef de gouvernement</a> d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrique du Sud">Afrique du Sud</a>.</p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#6688FF;color:#FFF;">James B. Hertzog</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Hertzog_JBM.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustration." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Hertzog_JBM.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="275"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#6688FF; color:#FFF">Fonctions</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#E1E1FF; color:#000000"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premier_ministre_d%27Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier ministre d'Afrique du Sud">Premier ministre d'Afrique du Sud</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1924-06-30" data-sort-value="1924-06-30"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 juin">30</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juin_1924?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juin 1924">juin</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1924?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1924">1924</a></time> – <time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1939-09-05" data-sort-value="1939-09-05"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 septembre">5</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septembre_1939?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septembre 1939">septembre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1939?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1939">1939</a></time><br><small>(<span data-sort-value="&0000000000005545" class="datasortkey">15 ans, 2 mois et 6 jours</span>)</small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Monarque</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_V?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George V">George V</a><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_VIII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard VIII">Édouard VIII</a><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_VI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George VI">George VI</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Gouverneur</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_Cambridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexander Cambridge">Comte d'Athlone</a><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Villiers_(6e_comte_de_Clarendon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Villiers (6e comte de Clarendon)">Comte de Clarendon</a><br> Sir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrick_Duncan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrick Duncan">Patrick Duncan</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Gouvernement</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gouvernement_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gouvernement Hertzog">Hertzog <abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> et <abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Prédécesseur</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Smuts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Smuts">Jan Smuts</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Successeur</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Smuts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Smuts">Jan Smuts</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#6688FF; color:#FFF">Biographie</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Date de naissance</span></th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien bday" datetime="1866-04-03" data-sort-value="1866-04-03"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 avril">3</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avril_1866?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avril 1866">avril</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1866?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1866">1866</a></time></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Lieu de naissance</span></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Soetendal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Soetendal (page inexistante)">Soetendal</a>, près de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wellington_(Afrique_du_Sud)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wellington (Afrique du Sud)">Wellington</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonie_du_Cap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colonie du Cap">Colonie du Cap</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Date de décès</span></th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien dday" datetime="1942-11-22" data-sort-value="1942-11-22"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 novembre">22</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novembre_1942?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novembre 1942">novembre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1942?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1942">1942</a></time> (à 76 ans)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Lieu de décès</span></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pretoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_du_Transvaal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province du Transvaal">Transvaal</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_d%27Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union d'Afrique du Sud">Union d'Afrique du Sud</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nationalité</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_d%27Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union d'Afrique du Sud">Sud-Africaine</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Parti politique</span></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_sud-africain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti sud-africain">Parti sud-africain</a><br> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1910?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1910">1910</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1914?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1914">1914</a>)<br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_national_(Afrique_du_Sud)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti national (Afrique du Sud)">Parti national</a><br> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1914?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1914">1914</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1934?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1934">1934</a>/<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1939?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1939">1939</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1940?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1940">1940</a>)<br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti uni">Parti uni</a><br> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1934?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1934">1934</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1939?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1939">1939</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Conjoint</th> <td>Wilhelmina Jacoba Neethling (1863-1942)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Enfants</th> <td>4 enfants<br> dont <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert Hertzog">Albert Hertzog</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Diplômé de</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27Amsterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Université d'Amsterdam">université d'Amsterdam</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Profession</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avocat_(m%C3%A9tier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avocat (métier)">Avocat</a> <br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magistrat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magistrat">Magistrat</a> <br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Militaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Militaire">Militaire</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Religion</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calvinisme_afrikaner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calvinisme afrikaner">Calviniste</a> membre de <br> l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_r%C3%A9form%C3%A9e_hollandaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Église réformée hollandaise">Église réformée hollandaise</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Résidence</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bloemfontein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_(1932%E2%80%932000).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="James B. Hertzog"><img alt="James B. Hertzog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%25281932%25E2%2580%25932000%2529.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%25281932%25E2%2580%25932000%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%25281932%25E2%2580%25932000%2529.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%25281932%25E2%2580%25932000%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="573"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_Premiers_ministres_d%27Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des Premiers ministres d'Afrique du Sud">Premiers ministres d'Afrique du Sud</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #6688FF solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DJames_B._Hertzog%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>D'abord <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juge">juge</a> dans l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tat_libre_d%27Orange?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="État libre d'Orange">État libre d'Orange</a>, il est conseiller juridique des forces de l'État libre au début de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconde_guerre_des_Boers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seconde guerre des Boers">seconde guerre des Boers</a> en 1899 puis chef militaire d'un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kommando_boer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kommando boer">Kommando boer</a>. Signataire du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Vereeniging?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité de Vereeniging">traité de Vereeniging</a> qui met fin à la guerre en 1902, Hertzog est ensuite député et ministre de l'Éducation du gouvernement de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonie_de_la_rivi%C3%A8re_Orange?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colonie de la rivière Orange">colonie britannique de la rivière Orange</a> (1907-1910) ainsi que délégué à la convention nationale constitutive de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_d%27Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union d'Afrique du Sud">union d'Afrique du Sud</a> (1909-1910).</p> <p>Membre du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlement_d%27Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlement d'Afrique du Sud">parlement d'Afrique du Sud</a> pour la circonscription de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Smithfield_(%C3%89tat-Libre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Smithfield (État-Libre)">Smithfield</a> (1910-1940), fondateur du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_national_(Afrique_du_Sud)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti national (Afrique du Sud)">parti national</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1914?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1914">1914</a>, il est <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministre_de_la_justice_d%27Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministre de la justice d'Afrique du Sud">ministre de la justice</a> (1910-1912) et des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_ministres_des_affaires_indig%C3%A8nes_d%27Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des ministres des affaires indigènes d'Afrique du Sud">affaires indigènes</a> (1912 et 1924-1929), avant d'être <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premier_ministre_d%27Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier ministre d'Afrique du Sud">premier ministre</a> de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_d%27Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union d'Afrique du Sud">union d'Afrique du Sud</a> (1924 à 1939) ainsi que le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_ministres_sud-africains_des_Affaires_%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des ministres sud-africains des Affaires étrangères">premier ministre des Affaires étrangères du pays</a> (1927-1939). Il est également cofondateur du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti uni">parti uni</a> en 1934.</p> <p>Défenseur de la cause <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrikaans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrikaans">afrikaans</a>, fondateur de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_sud-africaine_des_Sciences_et_des_Arts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie sud-africaine des Sciences et des Arts">académie sud-africaine pour la langue, la littérature et les arts</a>, créateur du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prix_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prix Hertzog">prix Hertzog</a>, il est l'un des pères du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nationalisme_afrikaner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nationalisme afrikaner">nationalisme afrikaner</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Famille_et_%C3%A9tudes"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Famille et études</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_boer"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Le général boer</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ascension_politique_(1907-1914)"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Ascension politique (1907-1914)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_fondateur_du_Parti_National_(1914)"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Le fondateur du Parti National (1914)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_repr%C3%A9sentant_des_aspirations_afrikaners_(1914-1924)"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Le représentant des aspirations afrikaners (1914-1924)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_chef_de_gouvernement_nationaliste_(1924-1933)"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Le chef de gouvernement nationaliste (1924-1933)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'union_nationale_derri%C3%A8re_Hertzog_(1933-1939)"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">L'union nationale derrière Hertzog (1933-1939)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'%C3%A9chec_de_la_nouvelle_union_nationaliste_(1939-1942)"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">L'échec de la nouvelle union nationaliste (1939-1942)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Décès</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#H%C3%A9ritage_contemporain_de_James_Barry_Hertzog"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Héritage contemporain de James Barry Hertzog</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Repr%C3%A9sentation_dans_les_arts"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Représentation dans les arts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Descendance"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Descendance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">13.1</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">13.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">13.3</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">13.4</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Famille_et_études"><span id="Famille_et_.C3.A9tudes"></span>Famille et études</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Famille et études" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:FETKrause2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/FETKrause2.jpg/180px-FETKrause2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="249" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1447" data-file-height="1998"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 249px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/FETKrause2.jpg/180px-FETKrause2.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="249" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/FETKrause2.jpg/270px-FETKrause2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/FETKrause2.jpg/360px-FETKrause2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> JBM Hertzog en 1889 à Amsterdam avec d'autres étudiants sud-africains </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:JBM_Hertzog.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/JBM_Hertzog.jpg/180px-JBM_Hertzog.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="228" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="440"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 228px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/JBM_Hertzog.jpg/180px-JBM_Hertzog.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="228" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/JBM_Hertzog.jpg/270px-JBM_Hertzog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/JBM_Hertzog.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> James Barry Hertzog durant ses années d'études à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amsterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>James Barry Munnik (JBM) Hertzog était le <abbr class="abbr" title="Huitième">8<sup>e</sup></abbr> enfant de Johannes Albertus Munnik Hertzog, descendant d'immigrés <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand">allemands</a> et de Susanna Maria Jacoba Hamman. C'est à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kimberley_(Afrique_du_Sud)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kimberley (Afrique du Sud)">Kimberley</a>, où il passa son enfance, qu'il développa une certaine aversion pour les mineurs étrangers en particulier les britanniques.</p> <p>En 1881, ses parents l'envoient avec ses 3 frères faire des études supérieures à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stellenbosh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellenbosh">Stellenbosh</a> où il s'intéressa à la politique et prit fait et cause pour le recouvrement de l'indépendance de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_sud-africaine_du_Transvaal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="République sud-africaine du Transvaal">république sud-africaine du Transvaal</a>. En 1889, renonçant à sa première vocation qui était la théologie, il part étudier le droit à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27Amsterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Université d'Amsterdam">université d'Amsterdam</a> aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays-Bas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays-Bas">Pays-Bas</a>. En 1892, il passe sa thèse de doctorat et revient en Afrique du Sud. Inscrit comme avocat au barreau du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transvaal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transvaal">Transvaal</a>, il ne peut pratiquer dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonie_du_Cap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colonie du Cap">colonie du Cap</a> et s'établit donc en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1893?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1893">1893</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pretoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>. En 1894, il épouse Wilhelmina Jacoba (Mynie) Neethling, rencontrée à Stellenbosch, et a 4 enfants, une fille morte en bas âge et 3 fils dont <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert Hertzog">Albert</a>, futur ministre.</p> <p>En 1895, il est nommé juge dans l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tat_libre_d%27Orange?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="État libre d'Orange">État libre d'Orange</a> où il se lie d'amitié avec le président <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marthinus_Steyn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marthinus Steyn">Marthinus Steyn</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Le_général_boer"><span id="Le_g.C3.A9n.C3.A9ral_boer"></span>Le général boer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le général boer" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Au déclenchement de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconde_guerre_des_Boers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seconde guerre des Boers">deuxième guerre des Boers</a>, il est nommé conseiller juridique des forces de l'État libre à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kimberley_(Afrique_du_Sud)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kimberley (Afrique du Sud)">Kimberley</a>. Nommé général le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1900-06-17" data-sort-value="1900-06-17">17 juin 1900</time> où, sur le front Sud de l'État libre d'Orange, des milliers de Boers déposaient les armes, il réussit à y rétablir la situation.</p> <p>En octobre 1900, il est à la tête d'une force de 12 000 combattants avec laquelle il attaque les garnisons britanniques. Puis il traverse le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orange_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orange (fleuve)">fleuve Orange</a> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1900-12-16" data-sort-value="1900-12-16">16 décembre 1900</time> et avance jusqu'à la voie ferrée au nord de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De_Aar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="De Aar">De Aar</a>. Il lance ensuite un raid vers <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calvinia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calvinia">Calvinia</a>. Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1901-01-19" data-sort-value="1901-01-19">19 janvier 1901</time>, il atteint la côte de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an_Atlantique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Océan Atlantique">océan Atlantique</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lamberts_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lamberts Bay (page inexistante)">Lamberts Bay</a>. À cette époque, De Wet opère également dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonie_du_Cap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colonie du Cap">colonie du Cap</a> et Hertzog décide de le rejoindre, mais il est contraint de repasser le fleuve Orange et d'abandonner son projet.</p> <p>Lors des pourparlers de paix à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vereeniging?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vereeniging">Vereeniging</a>, il réclame auprès des Britanniques une égalité de traitement entre les langues anglaise et néerlandaise dans la future administration, ce que refuse Lord Milner qui ne veut qu'une langue officielle, l'anglais. Hertzog est d'accord mais pour le néerlandais. En fin de compte, il sera quand-même un des signataires du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Vereeniging?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité de Vereeniging">traité de Vereeniging</a> mettant fin à la guerre et à l'indépendance des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publiques_boers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Républiques boers">républiques boers</a>, désormais colonies britanniques.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Ascension_politique_(1907-1914)"><span id="Ascension_politique_.281907-1914.29"></span>Ascension politique (1907-1914)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Ascension politique (1907-1914)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:JBM_Hertzog1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/JBM_Hertzog1.jpg/180px-JBM_Hertzog1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="212" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="590"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 212px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/JBM_Hertzog1.jpg/180px-JBM_Hertzog1.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="212" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/JBM_Hertzog1.jpg/270px-JBM_Hertzog1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/JBM_Hertzog1.jpg/360px-JBM_Hertzog1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> James Barry Hertzog, jeune avocat à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pretoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>En 1904, Hertzog commence à s'engager activement dans la vie politique de ce qui est devenu la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonie_de_la_rivi%C3%A8re_Orange?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colonie de la rivière Orange">colonie britannique de la rivière Orange</a>.</p> <p>En 1907, il est élu au parlement pour la circonscription de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Smithfield_(%C3%89tat-Libre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Smithfield (État-Libre)">Smithfield</a> qu'il représentera pendant 33 ans. Ministre de l'éducation de la colonie de la rivière Orange, il impose le bilinguisme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglais">anglais</a>/<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrikaans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrikaans">afrikaans</a> dans l'enseignement provincial.</p> <p>Grand militant de l'afrikaans néerlandais il propose la création d'un organisme capable de « promouvoir la langue et la littérature néerlandais en Afrique du Sud ». Cet organisme, nommé <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_sud-africaine_des_sciences_et_des_arts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Académie sud-africaine des sciences et des arts">Académie sud-africaine pour la langue, la littérature et les arts</a>, se réunira pour la première fois le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1909-07-02" data-sort-value="1909-07-02">2 juillet 1909</time> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bloemfontein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a>.</p> <p>En 1908-1909, il est aussi délégué à la convention nationale chargé de proposer une constitution commune pour les 4 grandes colonies d'Afrique du Sud. Il fait partie de la délégation qui se rend à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a> pour suivre l'adoption du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Africa_Act?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa Act">South Africa Act</a> par le parlement britannique. Après la formation de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_d%27Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union d'Afrique du Sud">union d'Afrique du Sud</a> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1910-05-31" data-sort-value="1910-05-31">31 mai 1910</time>, il est nommé ministre de la justice et des affaires indigènes dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gouvernement_Louis_Botha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gouvernement Louis Botha">premier gouvernement du nouveau pays</a> formé par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Botha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Botha">Louis Botha</a>. En <time class="nowrap" datetime="1911-11" data-sort-value="1911-11">novembre 1911</time>, la coalition des partis afrikaners qui avait porté Louis Botha à la victoire fusionne en un seul mouvement, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_sud-africain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti sud-africain">Parti sud-africain</a>. Sous la direction de Botha et de Smuts, le parti milite pour la réconciliation et l'union des communautés blanches, la coopération avec la Grande-Bretagne et le traitement de la population noire avec une bienveillance paternaliste. Hertzog se distancie très vite de cette politique. Pressé de libérer l'Afrique du Sud de ce qu'il estime être la domination des « aventuriers étrangers en quête de fortune », il veut que les Afrikaners et les Anglais soient autonomes les uns des autres mais égaux tout en maintenant à l'écart les populations noires. Il craint d'ailleurs une alliance entre la minorité anglophone et les populations de couleurs pour imposer leur domination sur les Afrikaners. Il se fonde notamment sur le fait qu'au Cap, où les noirs ont le droit de vote sous condition restrictive, ceux-ci ont toujours voté avec la minorité anglophone contre les aspirations des communautés afrikaans.</p> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1912-10-14" data-sort-value="1912-10-14">14 octobre 1912</time>, Hertzog en appelle dans un discours à Smithfield au nationalisme sud africain et à l'indépendance des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrikaner_(peuple)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaner (peuple)">afrikaners</a> en dehors des frontières de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_britannique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire britannique">Empire britannique</a>. Sa version de l'égalité linguistique créait des crises dans le système éducatif de l'État libre d'Orange ce qui force Botha à présenter sa démission et à reconstituer un gouvernement sans Hertzog. Celui-ci n'est pourtant pas sans soutien prestigieux comme les généraux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christiaan_de_Wet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christiaan de Wet">Christiaan de Wet</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koos_de_la_Rey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koos de la Rey">Koos de la Rey</a> ou l'ancien président Steyn.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Le_fondateur_du_Parti_National_(1914)"><span id="Le_fondateur_du_Parti_National_.281914.29"></span>Le fondateur du Parti National (1914)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le fondateur du Parti National (1914)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Hertzog-Malan1919.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hertzog-Malan1919.jpg/180px-Hertzog-Malan1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="185" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1313"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 185px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hertzog-Malan1919.jpg/180px-Hertzog-Malan1919.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="185" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hertzog-Malan1919.jpg/270px-Hertzog-Malan1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hertzog-Malan1919.jpg/360px-Hertzog-Malan1919.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DF_Malan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="DF Malan">DF Malan</a> et JBM Hertzog en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1919?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1919">1919</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Gen--J-B-M--Hertzog.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gen--J-B-M--Hertzog.jpg/180px-Gen--J-B-M--Hertzog.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="247" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="617"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 247px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gen--J-B-M--Hertzog.jpg/180px-Gen--J-B-M--Hertzog.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="247" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gen--J-B-M--Hertzog.jpg/270px-Gen--J-B-M--Hertzog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gen--J-B-M--Hertzog.jpg/360px-Gen--J-B-M--Hertzog.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> James B. Hertzog, premier ministre </figcaption> </figure> <p>Dans le contexte de l'Afrique du Sud de l'époque marquée par les atrocités commises durant la guerre des Boers, un chef de file afrikaner était jaugé par ses compatriotes sur son discours à l'égard des Britanniques et sur les relations préconisé entre les Afrikaners et la minorité anglophone. Le fait que la population noire soit majoritaire dans le Dominion et exclue de tous les leviers de pouvoirs n'était pas alors un problème central. Pour Hertzog, les Afrikaners étaient « une nation distincte » avec une langue distincte et un caractère distinct et indépendant. Pour Hertzog, le destin de l'Afrikaner était défini par une lutte sévère et constante pour la domination de l'Afrique du Sud.</p> <p>En janvier 1914, Hertzog rompt définitivement avec Louis Botha et avec le parti sud-africain. Il fonde avec plusieurs anciens généraux Boers le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_national_(Afrique_du_Sud)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti national (Afrique du Sud)">Parti national</a> (NP) dont il prend la direction.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Le_représentant_des_aspirations_afrikaners_(1914-1924)"><span id="Le_repr.C3.A9sentant_des_aspirations_afrikaners_.281914-1924.29"></span>Le représentant des aspirations afrikaners (1914-1924)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le représentant des aspirations afrikaners (1914-1924)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Au moment du déclenchement de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Première Guerre mondiale">Première Guerre mondiale</a>, il s'oppose à l'implication de l'Afrique du Sud dans le conflit et manifeste sa sympathie avec la cause allemande, avec les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand">Allemands</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sud-Ouest_africain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sud-Ouest africain">Sud-Ouest africain</a> et à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9bellion_Maritz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rébellion Maritz">rébellion Maritz</a>. Il mène une délégation en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angleterre">Angleterre</a> pour plaider sa cause auprès du premier ministre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lloyd_George?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a> mais sans mandat du premier ministre sud-africain, il ne peut s'exprimer sur les affaires internationales.</p> <p>Aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lections_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales_sud-africaines_de_1915?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élections générales sud-africaines de 1915">élections générales sud-africaines de 1915</a>, le Parti national remporte 27 sièges, devenant la troisième force politique du parlement. Puis, lors des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lections_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales_sud-africaines_de_1920?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élections générales sud-africaines de 1920">élections de 1920</a>, son parti devient la première force politique du pays, avec 44 sièges contre 41 pour le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_sud-africain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti sud-africain">parti sud-africain</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Smuts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Smuts">Jan Smuts</a> qui profite de l'appoint de partis minoritaires pour se maintenir au gouvernement.</p> <p>La rébellion des mineurs du Rand en 1922 dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Witwatersrand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a> débouche sur une alliance inattendue entre Hertzog et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frederic_Creswell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frederic Creswell">Frederic Creswell</a>, le chef du Parti Travailliste sud-africain qui avaient tous deux soutenus les grévistes contre le gouvernement de Smuts. Cette alliance aboutit à un pacte de candidature unique lors des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lections_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales_sud-africaines_de_1924?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élections générales sud-africaines de 1924">élections générales de 1924</a> qui débouchent sur la victoire d'Hertzog contre le parti sud-africain du premier ministre sortant <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Smuts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Smuts">Jan Smuts</a> et à l'inclusion de 2 ministres travaillistes dans le nouveau cabinet formé par Hertzog<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Le_chef_de_gouvernement_nationaliste_(1924-1933)"><span id="Le_chef_de_gouvernement_nationaliste_.281924-1933.29"></span>Le chef de gouvernement nationaliste (1924-1933)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le chef de gouvernement nationaliste (1924-1933)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Ancien_porte_clefs.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ancien_porte_clefs.JPG/200px-Ancien_porte_clefs.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ancien_porte_clefs.JPG/200px-Ancien_porte_clefs.JPG" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ancien_porte_clefs.JPG/300px-Ancien_porte_clefs.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ancien_porte_clefs.JPG/400px-Ancien_porte_clefs.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drapeau_d%27Afrique_du_Sud_(1927-1994)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Drapeau d'Afrique du Sud (1927-1994)">Le nouveau drapeau national d'Afrique du Sud</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Devenu chef du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gouvernement_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gouvernement Hertzog">gouvernement</a>, la priorité d'Hertzog est d'arracher les quelque 160 000 petits Blancs à leur misère en embauchent massivement des Blancs non qualifiés dans les services publics et en étendant la législation sur les emplois réservés (aux Blancs) dans l'industrie et le commerce. Une de ses premières mesures symboliques est aussi de remplacer le néerlandais par l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrikaans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrikaans">afrikaans</a> comme langue officielle au côté de l'anglais. Il met également en œuvre une consultation populaire pour choisir un hymne national sud-africain et un drapeau national en remplacement du drapeau colonial aux couleurs britanniques. Le nouveau <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drapeau_d%27Afrique_du_Sud_(1927-1994)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Drapeau d'Afrique du Sud (1927-1994)">drapeau national d'Afrique du Sud</a> qu'il fait adopter par le parlement en 1927 avec le soutien de Jan Smuts<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> est relativement consensuel, symbolisant l'histoire blanche du pays. L'hymne national adopté est « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Die_Stem_van_Suid-Afrika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Die Stem van Suid-Afrika">Die Stem van Suid-Afrika</a> » dont les paroles proviennent d'un poème de l'écrivain sud-africain <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornelis_Jacobus_Langenhoven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven">Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:ImperialConference.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ImperialConference.jpg/300px-ImperialConference.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="239" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="506"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 239px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ImperialConference.jpg/300px-ImperialConference.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="239" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ImperialConference.jpg/450px-ImperialConference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ImperialConference.jpg/600px-ImperialConference.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Conférence impériale de 1926 : <br> Le roi George V entouré des premiers ministres des dominions britanniques<br> Debout (de gauche à droite) : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Walter_S._Monroe&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Walter S. Monroe (page inexistante)">Walter S. Monroe</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terre-Neuve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terre-Neuve">Terre-Neuve</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gordon_Coates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gordon Coates">Gordon Coates</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouvelle-Zélande">Nouvelle-Zélande</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanley_Bruce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanley Bruce">Stanley Bruce</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australie">Australie</a>), <b>J. B. M. Hertzog</b> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrique du Sud">Afrique du Sud</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_T._Cosgrave?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William T. Cosgrave">William T. Cosgrave</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tat_libre_d%27Irlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="État libre d'Irlande">état libre d'Irlande</a>).<br> Assis au <abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> rang : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a>), le Roi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_V?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George V">George V</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canada">Canada</a>). </figcaption> </figure> <p>En 1926, JBM Hertzog participe à la conférence impériale qui met au point la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9claration_Balfour_de_1926?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Déclaration Balfour de 1926">déclaration Balfour</a>. Il renonce à demander un régime républicain pour l'Afrique du Sud estimant que le pays a atteint un degré suffisant d'indépendance concrétisé notamment par la création du ministère des affaires étrangères et l'ouverture de représentations diplomatiques aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a>, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">Italie</a> et aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays-Bas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays-Bas">Pays-Bas</a> (1928).</p> <p>Sur le plan intérieur, ce sont des années de prospérité pour les Afrikaners, notamment pour les petits Blancs pour lesquels le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gouvernement_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gouvernement Hertzog">gouvernement Hertzog</a> manifeste tout autant un souci de promotion sociale que celui de protéger la classe moyenne blanche laborieuse face au <span class="citation">« dumping racial »</span> pratiqué par les compagnies minières<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'État investit dans l'économie et encourage la fondation de grands conglomérats industriels comme <i>South African Iron and Steel Industrial Corporation</i> (ISCOR). Mais en 1928, il provoque lui-même la chute de son gouvernement à la suite des négociations entamées par son ministre chargé du travail avec Industrial and Commercial Workers Union, le syndicat de couleur de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clements_Kadalie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clements Kadalie">Clements Kadalie</a><sup id="cite_ref-Her_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Her-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le gouvernement Hertzog tente également de consolider sa base dans l'électorat <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coloured?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coloured">coloured</a> qui a joué un rôle déterminant dans certaines circonscriptions pour permettre la victoire de la coalition entre les nationaux et les travaillistes. Ainsi, il augmente de 60 % le budget de l'éducation consacré aux coloureds permettant une augmentation de 30 % du nombre d'enfants coloureds scolarisés<sup id="cite_ref-Her_5-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Her-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Si le programme électoral de 1924 prévoyait une égalité entre Blancs et coloureds pour l'accès aux métiers dans les travaux publics et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chemins_de_fer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemins de fer">chemins de fer</a>, dans les faits, les Blancs sont favorisés. En outre, malgré les promesses d'équité et la création de pensions de retraites pour les coloureds, les montants maximums de celles-ci restent de 70 % inférieurs à celles des Blancs<sup id="cite_ref-Her_5-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Her-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lections_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales_sud-africaines_de_1929?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élections générales sud-africaines de 1929">élections de 1929</a>, le Parti national obtient la majorité absolue des sièges sans avoir la majorité en voix (41 % des suffrages contre 47 % au Parti sud-africain de Smuts). Les travaillistes restent au gouvernement<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> en dépit de l'hostilité de la section nationaliste de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_du_Cap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province du Cap">province du Cap</a>. En outre, si les sièges de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paarl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paarl">Paarl</a> et de Stellenbosch ont été remportés par les candidats du parti national grâce aux votes des électeurs coloureds, le Parti national n'accapare que 10 % de l'ensemble des voix des électeurs coloureds de la province du Cap<sup id="cite_ref-Her_5-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Her-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Pour <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Sauer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Sauer">Paul Sauer</a>, les électeurs coloureds ne sont pas reconnaissants et devraient être retirés des listes électorales communes pour voter sur des listes séparées, ce à quoi s'oppose <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruckner_de_Villiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruckner de Villiers">Bruckner de Villiers</a>, le nouveau député de Stellenbosch qui estime que le vote coloured peut être ciblé avec succès par le Parti national<sup id="cite_ref-Her_5-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Her-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En 1931, Hertzog obtient que l'Afrique du Sud bénéficie du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statut_de_Westminster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Statut de Westminster">Statut de Westminster</a>. C'est cette même année qu'il fait accorder par le parlement le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Droit_de_vote_aux_femmes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Droit de vote aux femmes">droit de vote aux femmes</a>.</p> <p>Cette politique qui permet au niveau de vie des Afrikaners de s'améliorer va se heurter à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crise_%C3%A9conomique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crise économique">crise économique</a> qui frappe le pays dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1930?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1930">années 1930</a>. La chute des cours du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ma%C3%AFs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maïs">maïs</a> et de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laine">laine</a> combinée à une terrible sécheresse en 1932 ruine de nombreuses exploitations et accélère l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exode_rural?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Exode rural">exode rural</a>. Parallèlement, le commerce du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diamant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diamant">diamant</a> s'effondre tout comme les prix agricoles et les exportations se raréfient. L'abandon de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89talon-or?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étalon-or">étalon-or</a> par la Grande-Bretagne provoque en Afrique du Sud une fuite de capitaux vers l'étranger. La rentabilité des mines est menacée, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C3%B4mage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chômage">chômage</a> augmente.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="L'union_nationale_derrière_Hertzog_(1933-1939)"><span id="L.27union_nationale_derri.C3.A8re_Hertzog_.281933-1939.29"></span>L'union nationale derrière Hertzog (1933-1939)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : L'union nationale derrière Hertzog (1933-1939)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:JBM_Hertzog_-_SA.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/JBM_Hertzog_-_SA.jpg/180px-JBM_Hertzog_-_SA.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="248" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3434" data-file-height="4732"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 248px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/JBM_Hertzog_-_SA.jpg/180px-JBM_Hertzog_-_SA.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="248" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/JBM_Hertzog_-_SA.jpg/270px-JBM_Hertzog_-_SA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/JBM_Hertzog_-_SA.jpg/360px-JBM_Hertzog_-_SA.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> J.B.M. Hertzog </figcaption> </figure> <p>À la fin de l'année 1932, à la suite de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande_D%C3%A9pression?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande Dépression">Grande Dépression</a> et de la crise financière mondiale, l'Union sud-africaine abandonne l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89talon-or?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étalon-or">étalon-or</a>. La dévaluation de la livre sud-africaine permet une reprise des exportations alors que les cours mondiaux remontent. Le doublement du prix de l'or entre 1933 et 1938 stimule l'ouverture de mines nouvelles tandis que la dette publique s'efface et que les budgets deviennent excédentaires. Pour en arriver à ce résultat, JBM Hertzog a dû se rapprocher de ses adversaires politiques. En 1933, estimant nécessaire de fédérer les aspirations de l'ensemble des petits Blancs, qu'ils soient afrikaners ou anglophones, JBM Hertzog et Jan Smuts font alliance et forment un gouvernement d'union nationale. JBM Hertzog reste chef de gouvernement, mais Jan Smuts devient vice-premier ministre. Aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lections_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales_sud-africaines_de_1933?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élections générales sud-africaines de 1933">élections sud-africaines de mai 1933</a>, avec 136 députés sur un total de 150, les deux partis marginalisent les travaillistes de Cresswell et les centristes de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tielman_Roos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tielman Roos">Tielman Roos</a>. En 1934, le Parti sud-africain et le Parti national fusionnent pour former le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti uni">Parti uni</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. C'est la formalisation par Hertzog de l'abandon du principe de distinction des 2 nations blanches d'Afrique du Sud (afrikaners et anglais) pour celui de son unité. Cependant, le Parti national ne disparait pas, car ce ralliement provoque un schisme politique. Des dissidents, emmenés par le chef de la section de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_du_Cap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province du Cap">province du Cap</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daniel_Malan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Malan">Daniel Malan</a>, ne rejoignent pas la nouvelle formation et forment un « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_national_purifi%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti national purifié">parti national purifié</a> » réaffirmant leur volonté de rompre avec le Royaume-Uni, d'instaurer un État républicain, de promouvoir le social-christianisme et d'institutionnaliser la domination des Afrikaners sur toute l'Afrique du Sud<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Bloemfontein,_Free_State,_South_Africa_(20537939825).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820537939825%29.jpg/220px-Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820537939825%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3280" data-file-height="4928"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 331px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820537939825%29.jpg/220px-Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820537939825%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="331" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820537939825%29.jpg/330px-Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820537939825%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820537939825%29.jpg/440px-Bloemfontein%2C_Free_State%2C_South_Africa_%2820537939825%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Statue d'Hertzog, réalisée par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danie_de_Jager?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danie de Jager">Danie de Jager</a> (1968), sur Hertzog square à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bloemfontein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>En 1936, le gouvernement Hertzog obtient la radiation des électeurs noirs des listes électorales communes de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_du_Cap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province du Cap">Province du Cap</a>. Réinscrits sur des listes séparées, ils ne peuvent plus qu'élire trois députés blancs pour représenter leurs intérêts à la chambre basse du parlement. En contrepartie, d'une part des conseils de représentations indigènes (<i>Native Representative Councils</i>), purement consultatifs et composés de Noirs élus, d'autres nommés, et de fonctionnaires, sont instaurés dans les provinces et d'autre part le gouvernement favorise l'extension des réserves noires dont la surface avoisine désormais 13 % du territoire national (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Native_Trust_and_Land_Act?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Native Trust and Land Act">Native Trust and Land Act</a></i>).</p> <p>Lors des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lections_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales_sud-africaines_de_1938?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élections générales sud-africaines de 1938">élections générales sud-africaines de 1938</a>, si les électeurs renvoient 111 candidats du Parti Uni au parlement, les nationalistes de Malan gagnent dix élus grâce aux voix des Blancs ruraux ou des plus démunis, confirmant leur statut d'opposition officielle. L'année <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1938?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1938">1938</a> est aussi marquée par les célébrations du centenaire du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grand_Trek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grand Trek">Grand Trek</a>, rassemblant autour du même thème, des communautés blanches disparates dont les seuls dénominateurs communs sont la religion et la langue<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ces célébrations marquées par un déferlement sans précédent du nationalisme afrikaner à travers tout le pays se terminent à la date symbolique du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 décembre">16 décembre</a> par la pose à Pretoria de la première pierre des fondations du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voortrekker_Monument?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voortrekker Monument">Voortrekker Monument</a>, dédié aux pionniers boers.</p> <p>Depuis longtemps hostile aux termes du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Versailles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité de Versailles">traité de Versailles</a> trop dures selon lui envers l'Allemagne, JBM Hertzog estime que l'Angleterre s'est trop longtemps alignée sur les positions françaises. À la veille du déclenchement de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a>, JBM Hertzog se prononce pour la neutralité de l'Afrique du Sud contre l'avis de Jan Smuts. Cependant, il ne parvient pas à convaincre la majorité des membres de son parti ni le parlement qui, emmené par le vice-premier ministre, vote par 80 voix contre 67, contre la neutralité et pour l'entrée en guerre.</p> <p>Cet échec oblige Hertzog à laisser son poste de premier ministre à Jan Smuts et à quitter les bancs du gouvernement.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="L'échec_de_la_nouvelle_union_nationaliste_(1939-1942)"><span id="L.27.C3.A9chec_de_la_nouvelle_union_nationaliste_.281939-1942.29"></span>L'échec de la nouvelle union nationaliste (1939-1942)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : L'échec de la nouvelle union nationaliste (1939-1942)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>Refusant d'apporter son soutien à l'entrée en guerre, Hertzog quitte le Parti uni avec 37 autres parlementaires neutralistes pour former avec D.F. Malan le « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_national_r%C3%A9unifi%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti national réunifié">parti national réunifié</a> ».</p> <p>Mais contesté pour des positions estimées trop modérées concernant les relations avec les anglophones, Hertzog ne tarde pas à être mis de nouveau en minorité, réussissant cette fois à se fâcher à la fois avec les ultra-Afrikaners mais aussi avec ceux qui veulent combattre Hitler. Il se retire du parti en 1940. Vingt-cinq de ses anciens partisans qui l'avaient suivi en 1939 demeurèrent au Parti National alors que 10 autres suivirent son ami fidèle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolaas_Havenga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolaas Havenga">Nicolaas Havenga</a> pour former le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_afrikaner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti afrikaner">Parti afrikaner</a> en 1941.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Décès"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s"></span>Décès</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Décès" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <p>Isolé politiquement, James Barry Hertzog se retire sur sa ferme de Waterval où il vit reclus et dans une solitude quasi complète. Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1942-04-04" data-sort-value="1942-04-04">4 avril 1942</time>, son épouse meurt. Sept mois plus tard, il se rend seul à l'hôpital de Pretoria pour subir une intervention chirurgicale. Il y meurt le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1942-11-22" data-sort-value="1942-11-22">22 novembre 1942</time><sup id="cite_ref-Manenzhe_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Manenzhe-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Il est enterré dans le carré familial du cimetière de la ferme Waterval à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Witbank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Witbank">Witbank</a>, une ville minière de l'est de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_du_Transvaal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province du Transvaal">province du Transvaal</a>. Sa tombe est une première fois profanée et pillée en 1988. En mars 2020, sa sépulture est de nouveau profanée, avec une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tractopelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tractopelle">tractopelle</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Héritage_contemporain_de_James_Barry_Hertzog"><span id="H.C3.A9ritage_contemporain_de_James_Barry_Hertzog"></span>Héritage contemporain de James Barry Hertzog</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Héritage contemporain de James Barry Hertzog" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:A_figure_of_former_prime_minister_James_Barry_Hertzog_was_moved_to_a_new_spot_and_replaced_with_a_giant_bronze-plated_Nelson_Mandela_statue_at_the_Union_Buildings_in_Pretoria_029.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/A_figure_of_former_prime_minister_James_Barry_Hertzog_was_moved_to_a_new_spot_and_replaced_with_a_giant_bronze-plated_Nelson_Mandela_statue_at_the_Union_Buildings_in_Pretoria_029.JPG/320px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="213" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 320px;height: 213px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/A_figure_of_former_prime_minister_James_Barry_Hertzog_was_moved_to_a_new_spot_and_replaced_with_a_giant_bronze-plated_Nelson_Mandela_statue_at_the_Union_Buildings_in_Pretoria_029.JPG/320px-thumbnail.jpg" data-width="320" data-height="213" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/A_figure_of_former_prime_minister_James_Barry_Hertzog_was_moved_to_a_new_spot_and_replaced_with_a_giant_bronze-plated_Nelson_Mandela_statue_at_the_Union_Buildings_in_Pretoria_029.JPG/480px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/A_figure_of_former_prime_minister_James_Barry_Hertzog_was_moved_to_a_new_spot_and_replaced_with_a_giant_bronze-plated_Nelson_Mandela_statue_at_the_Union_Buildings_in_Pretoria_029.JPG/640px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Statue de James Barry Hertzog à son nouvel emplacement dans les jardins des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_Buildings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union Buildings">Union Buildings</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Hertzog_House_2014.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Hertzog_House_2014.JPG/320px-Hertzog_House_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="320" height="181" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3615" data-file-height="2048"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 320px;height: 181px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Hertzog_House_2014.JPG/320px-Hertzog_House_2014.JPG" data-width="320" data-height="181" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Hertzog_House_2014.JPG/480px-Hertzog_House_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Hertzog_House_2014.JPG/640px-Hertzog_House_2014.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Musée JBM Hertzog situé dans sa maison du 19 Goddard Street à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bloemfontein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a> où il résida de 1895 à 1924 </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prix_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prix Hertzog">prix Hertzog</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hertzogville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hertzogville">Hertzogville</a></li> <li>le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hertzoggie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hertzoggie">biscuit Hertzog</a> (Hertzogkoekie)</li> <li>Une statue de JBM Hertzog, œuvre de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danie_de_Jager?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danie de Jager">Danie de Jager</a> (1967), trône à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bloemfontein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a> (Hertzog Square), à proximité du musée Hertzog.</li> <li>Une autre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statue_de_James_Barry_Hertzog_(Pretoria)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statue de James Barry Hertzog (Pretoria)">statue de JBM Hertzog</a> est située dans les jardins des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_Buildings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union Buildings">Union Buildings</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pretoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> depuis 1977. Œuvre de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coert_Steynberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coert Steynberg">Coert Steynberg</a>, elle a été déplacée en <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-11" data-sort-value="2013-11">novembre 2013</time> sur une autre terrasse des jardins, pour laisser place à une statue en bronze de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nelson_Mandela?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> (inaugurée le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-12-16" data-sort-value="2013-12-16">16 décembre 2013</time> à l'occasion du centenaire du palais présidentiel)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Jusqu'en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1995?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1995">1995</a>, l'aéroport de Bloemfontein s'appelait « JBM HERTZOG airport ».</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Représentation_dans_les_arts"><span id="Repr.C3.A9sentation_dans_les_arts"></span>Représentation dans les arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Représentation dans les arts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <p>Dans le film <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_fourth_reich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The fourth reich">the fourth reich</a> (1990) de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manie_van_Rensburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manie van Rensburg">Manie van Rensburg</a>, le rôle du général Hertzog en 1939 est joué par Pierre van Pletzen.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Descendance">Descendance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Descendance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <p>James B. Hertzog et son épouse ont eu 4 enfants.</p> <ul> <li>Wilhelmina Jacoba Munnik Hertzog, meurt peu de temps après sa naissance en 1896.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert Hertzog">Albert Hertzog</a> : il sera député, ministre des postes, de la santé et fondera le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_national_reconstitu%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti national reconstitué">parti national reconstitué</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_national_reconstitu%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti national reconstitué">HNP</a>) en 1969. Sans postérité.</li> <li>Charles Dirk Neethling Hertzog (1904-1966), avec postérité.</li> <li>James Barry Munnik Hertzog (1905-1991), avec postérité.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/SA-1948-1976/1924-pact.htm">The 1924 Pact Agreement</a>, SA History</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Paul Coquerel, <i>L'Afrique du Sud des Afrikaners</i>, Complexe, 1992, p 106</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.afriquesud.net/html/body_culture.htm">Historique de Die Stem van Suid Afrika</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">FX Fauvelle-Aymar, <i>Histoire de l'Afrique du Sud</i>, Seuil, Paris, 2006, p 344 et s.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Her-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Her_5-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Her_5-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Her_5-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Her_5-3">d</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Her_5-4">e</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hermann_Giliomee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hermann Giliomee">Hermann Giliomee</a>, <i>The last afrikaner leaders, a supreme test of power</i>, Tafelberg, 2012, p 23 </span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Paul Coquerel, ibid, p 102 et s.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Paul Coquerel, ibid, p 107 à 110.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Paul Coquerel, ibid, p 127 et s.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://etudesafricaines.revues.org/document4624.html">Le Monument aux Voortrekkers, cinquante ans plus tard : histoire d’une auto-réconciliation</a>, article de Rehana Vally, Histoire, mémoire, réconciliation en Afrique du Sud, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cahiers_d%27%C3%A9tudes_africaines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cahiers d'études africaines">Cahiers d'études africaines</a>, pp 173-174, 2004</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Manenzhe-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Manenzhe_10-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Jacob Manenzhe, <i>The politicisation of funerals in South Africa during the 20th century (1900-1994)</i>, Faculty of Humanities, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Pretoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Université de Pretoria">Université de Pretoria</a>, janvier 2007, p 18</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://witbanknews.co.za/150593/genl-hertzog-se-graf-op-familieplaas-oopgegrawe/">Genl. Hertzog se graf op familieplaas oopgegrawe</a>, Witbank News, 16 mars 2020</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Barry_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-12-16-barry-hertzog-statue-moved-replaced-by-mandela-sculpture">Zuma: Hertzog statue removed after exhaustive consultation process</a>, Mail and Guardian, 16 décembre 2013 </span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Lawrence E. Neame, <i>General Hertzog: Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa since 1924</i>, 1930</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C._M._van_den_Heever?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="C. M. van den Heever">C. M. van den Heever</a>, <i>General Hertzog</i>, 1946, A.P.B. Bookstore, Johannesburg</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oswald_Pirow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oswald Pirow">Oswald Pirow</a>, <i>James Barry Munnik Hertzog</i>, Allen & Unwin, Le Cap, 1958,</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernard_Lugan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernard Lugan">Bernard Lugan</a>, <i>La guerre des Boers</i>, Perrin, France, 1998 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-262-00712-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-262-00712-8"><span class="nowrap">2-262-00712-8</span></a>)</small></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gouvernement_Hertzog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gouvernement Hertzog">Gouvernement Hertzog</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hertzoggie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hertzoggie">Hertzoggie</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <ul> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative aux beaux-arts<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356395?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp53137"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">National Portrait Gallery</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356395?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/biography/J-B-M-Hertzog"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/hertzog-james-barry-munnick"><i>Brockhaus</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//J.B.M._Hertzog/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/11887747X.html"><i>Deutsche Biographie</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/james-barry-munnik-hertzog_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><i>Dizionario di Storia</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/james-barry-munnik-hertzog_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><i>Enciclopedia italiana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3911385"><i>Internetowa encyklopedia PWN</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%25C3%25A5ng/j-b-m-hertzog"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33842"><i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://proleksis.lzmk.hr/26226"><i>Proleksis enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://snl.no/James_Barry_Munnik_Hertzog"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/james-barry-munnik-hertzog"><i>Treccani</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.vle.lt/Straipsnis/james-barry-munnik-hertzog"><i>Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija</i></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356395?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://viaf.org/viaf/72192140">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://isni.org/isni/0000000066787230">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb166237948">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb166237948">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.idref.fr/25076766X">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79083575">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://d-nb.info/gnd/11887747X">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070551065">Pays-Bas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func%3Dfind-b%26local_base%3DNLX10%26find_code%3DUID%26request%3D987007262682705171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-083575">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul> </div></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/hertzog-b.htm">Biographie sur SA history online</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.answers.com/topic/james-barry-munnik-hertzog">Biographie</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : afrikaans">(af)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jbmhertzog.co.za/geskiedenis.htm">Musée James Barry Hertzog à Bloemfontein</a></li> </ul> <div style="margin-top: 10px;"></div> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la politique"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/48px-Society.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="38"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 48px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/48px-Society.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="48" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/72px-Society.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/96px-Society.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Politique">Portail de la politique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de l’Afrique du Sud"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 33px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="33" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/50px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/66px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Afrique_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Afrique du Sud">Portail de l’Afrique du Sud</a></span> </span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DJames_B._Hertzog%26oldid%3D220400299">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&oldid=220400299</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_B._Hertzog&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Fritz Joubert" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731935149"> <span>Dernière modification le 18 novembre 2024, à 14:05</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Hertzog" title="Barry Hertzog – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Barry Hertzog" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A_%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D9%2583_%25D9%2587%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B2%25D9%2588%25D8%25BA" title="جيمس باري مونيك هيرتزوغ – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمس باري مونيك هيرتزوغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2589_%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D9%2583_%25D9%2587%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B2%25D9%2588%25D8%25AC" title="جيمس بارى مونيك هيرتزوج – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس بارى مونيك هيرتزوج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Hertzog" title="Barry Hertzog – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Barry Hertzog" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A4%25CE%25B6%25CE%25AD%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BC%25CF%2582_%25CE%25A7%25CE%25AD%25CF%2581%25CF%2584%25CE%25B6%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BA" title="Τζέιμς Χέρτζογκ – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζέιμς Χέρτζογκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._M._Hertzog" title="J. B. M. Hertzog – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="J. B. M. Hertzog" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Hertzog" title="Barry Hertzog – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Barry Hertzog" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._M._Hertzog" title="J. B. M. Hertzog – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="J. B. M. Hertzog" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25DB%258C.%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C.%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585._%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B2%25D9%2588%25DA%25AF" title="جی.بی.ام. هرتزوگ – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جی.بی.ام. هرتزوگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._M._Hertzog" title="J. B. M. Hertzog – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="J. B. M. Hertzog" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Barry_Munnik_Hertzog" title="James Barry Munnik Hertzog – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="James Barry Munnik Hertzog" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2592%2527%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%259E%25D7%25A1_%25D7%2591%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599_%25D7%259E%25D7%2595%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%25A7_%25D7%2594%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A6%25D7%2595%25D7%2592" title="ג'יימס ברי מוניק הרצוג – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'יימס ברי מוניק הרצוג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hertzog" title="James Hertzog – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="James Hertzog" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Barry_Munnik_Hertzog" title="James Barry Munnik Hertzog – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Barry Munnik Hertzog" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25B8%25E3%2582%25A7%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%25A0%25E3%2582%25BA%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2583%2590%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2583%259F%25E3%2583%25A5%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%258B%25E3%2583%2583%25E3%2582%25AF%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2583%2598%25E3%2583%25AB%25E3%2583%2584%25E3%2582%25A9%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2582%25AF" title="ジェームズ・バリー・ミューニック・ヘルツォーク – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェームズ・バリー・ミューニック・ヘルツォーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Barry_Munnik_Hertzog" title="James Barry Munnik Hertzog – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="James Barry Munnik Hertzog" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Barry_Munnik_Hertzog" title="James Barry Munnik Hertzog – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="James Barry Munnik Hertzog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Barry_Munnik_Hertzog" title="James Barry Munnik Hertzog – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="James Barry Munnik Hertzog" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Hertzog" title="Barry Hertzog – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Barry Hertzog" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3,_%25D0%2594%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BC%25D1%2581_%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8" title="Герцог, Джеймс Барри – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Герцог, Джеймс Барри" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Barry_Munnik_Hertzog" title="James Barry Munnik Hertzog – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="James Barry Munnik Hertzog" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hertzog" title="James Hertzog – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="James Hertzog" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BC%25D1%2581_%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2580%25D1%2596_%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3" title="Джеймс Баррі Герцог – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Баррі Герцог" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E9%2587%258C%25C2%25B7%25E8%25B5%25AB%25E5%25B0%2594%25E4%25BD%2590%25E6%25A0%25BC" title="巴里·赫尔佐格 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴里·赫尔佐格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 18 novembre 2024 à 14:05.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> sauf mention contraire.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politique de confidentialité</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%80_propos_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">À propos de Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Avertissements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Avertissements</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Contact">Contact</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code de conduite</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">Développeurs</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/fr.wikipedia.org">Statistiques</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Déclaration sur les témoins (cookies)</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/fr">Conditions d’utilisation</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DJames_B._Hertzog%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Version de bureau</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-wjhpf","wgBackendResponseTime":193,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.809","walltime":"1.028","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6828,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":120921,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":36442,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":7017,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":5,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 864.685 1 -total"," 51.80% 447.885 1 Modèle:Liens"," 24.01% 207.614 1 Modèle:Infobox_Personnalité_politique"," 9.15% 79.149 113 Modèle:Infobox/Ligne_mixte_optionnelle"," 6.24% 53.937 20 Modèle:Infobox_Personnalité_politique/Fonction"," 5.39% 46.622 1 Modèle:Portail"," 3.66% 31.632 1 Modèle:Palette"," 3.41% 29.476 1 Modèle:Homonyme"," 3.21% 27.789 1 Modèle:Infobox/Image"," 3.08% 26.634 6 Modèle:Insérer_dynastie"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.442","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7803868,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4zjqf","timestamp":"20241125053436","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"James B. Hertzog","url":"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_B._Hertzog","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q356395","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q356395","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-02-11T15:09:08Z","dateModified":"2024-11-18T13:05:49Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8e\/Hertzog_JBM.jpg","headline":"juriste, militaire et homme politique sud-africain"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('fr', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>