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href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport">Department for Transport</a> </dd> <dt class="gem-c-metadata__term">Published</dt> <dd class="gem-c-metadata__definition">1 October 2015</dd> <dt class="gem-c-metadata__term">Updated:</dt> <dd class="gem-c-metadata__definition" data-module="ga4-link-tracker" data-ga4-track-links-only data-ga4-link="{"event_name":"navigation","type":"content history","section":"Top"}"> 17 September 2023 - <a href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/updates">See all updates</a> </dd> </dl> </div> <div class="in-manual-search"> <form action="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/search/all" data-module="ga4-form-tracker" data-ga4-form-no-answer-undefined="" data-ga4-form-include-text="" data-ga4-form="{"event_name":"search","type":"content","section":"The Highway Code","action":"search"}"> <input type="hidden" name="manual[]" value="/guidance/the-highway-code"> <div 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</div> </div> </header> <div data-module="gem-track-click ga4-link-tracker" class="gem-c-breadcrumbs govuk-breadcrumbs gem-c-breadcrumbs--border-bottom"> <ol class="govuk-breadcrumbs__list"> <li class="govuk-breadcrumbs__list-item"> Contents </li> </ol> </div> <main role="main" id="content" class="manual" lang="en"> <span id="Top"></span> <div id="manuals-frontend" class="manuals-frontend-body"> <div class="manual-body"> <p class="gem-c-lead-paragraph">The Highway Code is essential reading for all road users, including pedestrians, mobility scooter users, cyclists, horse riders, drivers and motorcyclists.</p> <div class="gem-c-govspeak govuk-govspeak " data-module="govspeak"> <div class="call-to-action"> <p><strong>Applies to England, Scotland and Wales</strong><br> <a rel="external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406225150/https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/highway-code">Guidance for Northern Ireland</a></p> </div> <p>You can:</p> <ul> <li> <a rel="external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406225150/https://www.safedrivingforlife.info/shop/official-dvsa-highway-code/?utm_source=gov.uk&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=highway-code">order a copy of The Highway Code book</a> online</li> <li>buy a copy from most high street bookshops</li> <li><a rel="external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406225150/https://apps.apple.com/gb/app/the-official-dvsa-highway-code/id522687241">buy the app for Apple phones and tablets</a></li> <li><a rel="external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406225150/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=uk.co.tso.highwaycode&hl=en&gl=UK">buy the app for Android phones and tablets</a></li> </ul> <p>To stay up to date:</p> <ul> <li> <a rel="external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406225150/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/UKDVSA/subscriber/new?topic_id=UKDVSA_D_293">sign up to get email alerts</a> when the rules change</li> <li><a rel="external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406225150/https://www.facebook.com/HighwayCodeGB">follow The Highway Code on Facebook</a></li> </ul> <div role="note" aria-label="Information" class="application-notice info-notice"> <p>This guide is also available <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/rheolau-r-ffordd-fawr">in Welsh (Cymraeg)</a>.</p> </div> </div> <ul data-module="ga4-link-tracker" data-ga4-track-links-only="" data-ga4-link="{"event_name":"navigation","type":"document list"}" class="gem-c-document-list govuk-!-margin-bottom-5"> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/introduction">Introduction</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Who The Highway Code is for, how it's worded, the consequences of not following the rules, self-driving vehicles, and the hierarchy of road users (Rules H1 to H3).</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/rules-for-pedestrians-1-to-35">Rules for pedestrians (1 to 35)</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Rules for pedestrians, including general guidance, crossing the road, crossings, and situations needing extra care.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/rules-for-users-of-powered-wheelchairs-and-mobility-scooters-36-to-46">Rules for users of powered wheelchairs and mobility scooters (36 to 46) </a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Rules for powered wheelchairs and mobility scooters, including on pavements and on the road.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/rules-about-animals-47-to-58">Rules about animals (47 to 58) </a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Rules about animals, including horse-drawn vehicles, horse riders and other animals.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/rules-for-cyclists-59-to-82">Rules for cyclists (59 to 82)</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Rules for cyclists, including an overview, road junctions, roundabouts and crossing the road.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/rules-for-motorcyclists-83-to-88">Rules for motorcyclists (83 to 88)</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Rules for motorcyclists, including helmets, carrying passengers, daylight riding and riding in the dark.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/rules-for-drivers-and-motorcyclists-89-to-102">Rules for drivers and motorcyclists (89 to 102)</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Rules for drivers and motorcyclists, including vehicle condition, fitness to drive, alcohol and drugs, what to do before setting off, vehicle towing and loading, and seat belts and child restraints.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/general-rules-techniques-and-advice-for-all-drivers-and-riders-103-to-158">General rules, techniques and advice for all drivers and riders (103 to 158) </a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Signals, stopping procedures, lighting, control of the vehicle, speed limits, stopping distances, lines and lane markings and multi-lane carriageways, smoking, mobile phones and sat nav.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/using-the-road-159-to-203">Using the road (159 to 203)</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Rules for using the road, including general rules, overtaking, road junctions, roundabouts, pedestrian crossings and reversing.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/road-users-requiring-extra-care-204-to-225">Road users requiring extra care (204 to 225) </a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Rules for road users requiring extra care, including pedestrians, motorcyclists and cyclists, other road users and other vehicles.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/driving-in-adverse-weather-conditions-226-to-237">Driving in adverse weather conditions (226 to 237) </a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Rules for driving in adverse weather conditions, including wet weather, icy and snowy weather, windy weather, fog and hot weather.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/waiting-and-parking-238-to-252">Waiting and parking (238 to 252) </a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Rules for waiting and parking, including rules on parking at night and decriminalised parking enforcement.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/motorways-253-to-273">Motorways (253 to 274)</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Rules for motorways, including rules for signals, joining the motorway, driving on the motorway, lane discipline, overtaking, stopping and leaving the motorway. A number of the rules for motorways also apply to other high-speed roads. </p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/breakdowns-and-incidents-274-to-287">Breakdowns and incidents (275 to 287) </a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Rules for breakdowns and incidents, including rules for motorways, obstructions, incidents, incidents involving dangerous goods and documents.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/road-works-level-crossings-and-tramways-288-to-307">Road works, level crossings and tramways (288 to 307) </a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Rules for road works (including on motorways and other high-speed roads), level crossings and tramways.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/light-signals-controlling-traffic">Light signals controlling traffic</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Light signals used to control traffic, including traffic light signals, flashing red lights, motorway signals and lane control signals.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/signals-to-other-road-users">Signals to other road users</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Signals used to other road users, including direction indicator signals, brake light signals, reversing light signals and arm signals. </p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/signals-by-authorised-persons">Signals by authorised persons</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Signals used by authorised persons, including police officers, arm signals to persons controlling traffic, Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency officers and traffic officers and school crossing patrols.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/traffic-signs">Traffic signs</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Traffic signs used, including signs giving orders, warning signs, direction signs, information signs and road works signs.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/road-markings">Road markings</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Road markings used, including those across the carriageway, along the carriageway, along the edge of the carriageway, on the kerb or at the edge of the carriageway and other road markings.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/vehicle-markings">Vehicle markings</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Vehicle markings used, including large goods vehicle rear markings, hazard warning plates, projection markers and other markings.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/annex-1-you-and-your-bicycle">Annex 1. You and your bicycle </a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Information and rules about you and your bicycle.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/annex-2-motorcycle-licence-requirements">Annex 2. Motorcycle licence requirements</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Information and rules about motorcycle licence requirements.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/annex-3-motor-vehicle-documentation-and-learner-driver-requirements">Annex 3. Motor vehicle documentation and learner driver requirements</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Information and rules about motor vehicle documentation and learner driver requirements.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/annex-4-the-road-user-and-the-law">Annex 4. The road user and the law</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Information about the road user and the law, including acts and regulations.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/annex-5-penalties">Annex 5. Penalties</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Information and rules about penalties, including points and disqualification, a penalty table, new drivers and other consequences of offending.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/annex-6-vehicle-maintenance-safety-and-security">Annex 6. Vehicle maintenance, safety and security</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Information and rules about vehicle maintenance, safety and security.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/annex-7-first-aid-on-the-road">Annex 7. First aid on the road</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Information about first aid on the road, including dealing with danger, getting help, helping those involved, and providing emergency care. </p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/annex-8-safety-code-for-new-drivers">Annex 8. Safety code for new drivers</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Information about the safety code for new drivers, including the New Drivers Act and further training.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/other-information">Other information</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">Metric conversions, useful websites, further reading, the blue badge scheme and code of practice horse-drawn vehicles.</p> </li> <li class="gem-c-document-list__item "> <div class="gem-c-document-list__item-title"> <a class=" govuk-link" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/index">Index</a> </div> <p class="gem-c-document-list__item-description gem-c-document-list__item-description--full-size">An A to Z index of topics covered by The Highway Code.</p> </li> </ul> <div class="gem-c-print-link govuk-!-display-none-print govuk-!-margin-top-3 govuk-!-margin-bottom-3"> <button class="govuk-link govuk-body-s gem-c-print-link__button" data-module="print-link">Print this page</button> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="govuk-width-container"> <div class="gem-c-feedback govuk-!-display-none-print" data-module="feedback ga4-event-tracker"> <div class="gem-c-feedback__prompt gem-c-feedback__js-show js-prompt" tabindex="-1"> <div class="gem-c-feedback__prompt-content"> <div class="gem-c-feedback__prompt-questions js-prompt-questions" hidden> <div class="gem-c-feedback__prompt-question-answer"> <h2 class="gem-c-feedback__prompt-question">Is this page useful?</h2> <ul class="gem-c-feedback__option-list"> <li class="gem-c-feedback__option-list-item govuk-visually-hidden" hidden> <a class="gem-c-feedback__prompt-link" data-track-category="yesNoFeedbackForm" data-track-action="ffMaybeClick" role="button" hidden="hidden" aria-hidden="true" href="/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/contact/govuk"> Maybe </a> </li> <li class="gem-c-feedback__option-list-item"> <button class="govuk-button gem-c-feedback__prompt-link js-page-is-useful" data-track-category="yesNoFeedbackForm" data-track-action="ffYesClick" data-ga4-event="{"event_name":"form_submit","type":"feedback","text":"Yes","section":"Is this page useful?"}"> Yes <span class="govuk-visually-hidden">this page is useful</span> </button> </li> <li class="gem-c-feedback__option-list-item"> <button class="govuk-button gem-c-feedback__prompt-link js-toggle-form js-page-is-not-useful" aria-controls="page-is-not-useful" aria-expanded="false" data-track-category="yesNoFeedbackForm" data-track-action="ffNoClick" data-ga4-event="{"event_name":"form_submit","type":"feedback","text":"No","section":"Is this page useful?"}"> No <span class="govuk-visually-hidden">this page is not useful</span> </button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="gem-c-feedback__prompt-questions gem-c-feedback__prompt-success js-prompt-success" role="alert" hidden> Thank you for your feedback </div> <div class="gem-c-feedback__prompt-questions gem-c-feedback__prompt-questions--something-is-wrong js-prompt-questions" hidden> <button class="govuk-button gem-c-feedback__prompt-link js-toggle-form js-something-is-wrong" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="something-is-wrong" data-track-category="Onsite Feedback" data-track-action="GOV-UK Open Form" data-ga4-event="{"event_name":"form_submit","type":"feedback","text":"Report a problem with this page","section":"Is this page useful?"}"> Report a problem with this page </button> </div> </div> </div> <form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/contact/govuk/problem_reports" id="something-is-wrong" class="gem-c-feedback__form js-feedback-form" data-track-category="Onsite Feedback" data-track-action="GOV.UK Send Form" method="post" hidden> <div class="govuk-grid-row"> <div class="govuk-grid-column-two-thirds"> <div class="gem-c-feedback__error-summary gem-c-feedback__js-show js-errors" tabindex="-1" hidden></div> <input type="hidden" name="url" value="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code"> <h3 class="gem-c-feedback__form-heading">Help us improve GOV.UK</h3> <p id="feedback_explanation" class="gem-c-feedback__form-paragraph">Don鈥檛 include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details.</p> <div class="govuk-visually-hidden" aria-hidden="true"> <label for="giraffe">This field is for robots only. 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"https://web.archive.org/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/transport/theory-tests" } ], "headLine": "The Highway Code", "description": "The Highway Code is essential reading for all road users, including pedestrians, mobility scooter users, cyclists, horse riders, drivers and motorcyclists.", "articleBody": "\u003cdiv class=\"call-to-action\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplies to England, Scotland and Wales\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca rel=\"external\" href=\"https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/highway-code\"\u003eGuidance for Northern Ireland\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eYou can:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca rel=\"external\" href=\"https://www.safedrivingforlife.info/shop/official-dvsa-highway-code/?utm_source=gov.uk\u0026amp;utm_medium=website\u0026amp;utm_campaign=highway-code\"\u003eorder a copy of The Highway Code book\u003c/a\u003e online\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ebuy a copy from most high street bookshops\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003ca rel=\"external\" href=\"https://apps.apple.com/gb/app/the-official-dvsa-highway-code/id522687241\"\u003ebuy the app for Apple phones and tablets\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003ca rel=\"external\" href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=uk.co.tso.highwaycode\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;gl=UK\"\u003ebuy the app for Android phones and tablets\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo stay up to date:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca rel=\"external\" href=\"https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/UKDVSA/subscriber/new?topic_id=UKDVSA_D_293\"\u003esign up to get email alerts\u003c/a\u003e when the rules change\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003ca rel=\"external\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/HighwayCodeGB\"\u003efollow The Highway Code on Facebook\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv role=\"note\" aria-label=\"Information\" class=\"application-notice info-notice\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis guide is also available \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/rheolau-r-ffordd-fawr\"\u003ein Welsh (Cymraeg)\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "description": "Search within The Highway Code", "target": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240406225150/https://www.gov.uk/search/all?keywords={query}\u0026order=relevance\u0026manual=%2Fguidance%2Fthe-highway-code", "query": "required" } } </script> </body> </html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 22:51:50 Apr 06, 2024 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 12:54:56 Nov 28, 2024. 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