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<i>Lulu</i> (1928–1929)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wozzeck_(1917–1924)_and_Lulu_(1928–1929)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_years_(1930–1935)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_years_(1930–1935)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Final years (1930–1935)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_years_(1930–1935)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_compositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_compositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Major compositions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_compositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="ألبان بيرج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألبان بيرج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berq" title="Alban Berq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alban Berq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Албан Берг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Албан Берг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Άλμπαν Μπεργκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλμπαν Μπεργκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="آلبان برگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلبان برگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%B0%98_%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="알반 베르크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알반 베르크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Ալբան Բերգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալբան Բերգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92" title="אלבן ברג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלבן ברג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ალბან ბერგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალბან ბერგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanus_Berg" title="Albanus Berg – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Albanus Berg" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albans_Bergs" title="Albans Bergs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Albans Bergs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Албан Берг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Албан Берг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="البان بيرج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البان بيرج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF" title="アルバン・ベルク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルバン・ベルク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berg_Alban" title="Berg Alban – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Berg Alban" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Берг, Альбан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Берг, Альбан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Албан Берг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Албан Берг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Альбан Берг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альбан Берг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alban Berg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E7%8F%AD%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC" title="阿尔班·贝尔格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔班·贝尔格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Austrian composer (1885–1935)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Alban Berg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alban_Berg_(1885%E2%80%931935)_~1930_%C2%A9_Max_Fenichel_(1885%E2%80%931942).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Alban_Berg_%281885%E2%80%931935%29_~1930_%C2%A9_Max_Fenichel_%281885%E2%80%931942%29.jpg/220px-Alban_Berg_%281885%E2%80%931935%29_~1930_%C2%A9_Max_Fenichel_%281885%E2%80%931942%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Alban_Berg_%281885%E2%80%931935%29_~1930_%C2%A9_Max_Fenichel_%281885%E2%80%931942%29.jpg/330px-Alban_Berg_%281885%E2%80%931935%29_~1930_%C2%A9_Max_Fenichel_%281885%E2%80%931942%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Alban_Berg_%281885%E2%80%931935%29_~1930_%C2%A9_Max_Fenichel_%281885%E2%80%931942%29.jpg/440px-Alban_Berg_%281885%E2%80%931935%29_~1930_%C2%A9_Max_Fenichel_%281885%E2%80%931942%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="1567" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Berg <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1930</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1885-02-09</span>)</span>9 February 1885<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">24 December 1935<span style="display:none">(1935-12-24)</span> (aged 50)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Austria" title="Federal State of Austria">Federal State of Austria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Composer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Alban_Berg" title="List of compositions by Alban Berg">List of compositions</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helene_Nahowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helene Nahowski (page does not exist)">Helene Nahowski</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helene_Berg" class="extiw" title="de:Helene Berg">de</a>]</span></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1911)<wbr /></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alban Maria Johannes Berg</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare'">ɛər</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">BAIRG</span></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈalbaːn<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈbɛʁk]</a></span>; 9 February 1885 – 24 December 1935) was an Austrian <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a>. His compositional style combined <a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic</a> lyricism with the <a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">twelve-tone technique</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaron2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaron2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he left a relatively <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Alban_Berg" title="List of compositions by Alban Berg">small <i>oeuvre</i></a>, he is remembered as one of the most important composers of the 20th century for his expressive style encompassing "entire worlds of emotion and structure".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeadlam2013_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeadlam2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berg was born and lived in Vienna. He began to compose at the age of fifteen. He studied counterpoint, music theory and harmony with <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Arnold Schoenberg</a> between 1904 and 1911, and adopted his principles of <i>developing variation</i> and the twelve-tone technique. Berg's major works include the operas <i><a href="/wiki/Wozzeck" title="Wozzeck">Wozzeck</a></i> (1924) and <i><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(opera)" title="Lulu (opera)">Lulu</a></i> (1935, finished posthumously), the chamber pieces <i><a href="/wiki/Lyric_Suite_(Berg)" title="Lyric Suite (Berg)">Lyric Suite</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Kammerkonzert_(Berg)" title="Kammerkonzert (Berg)">Chamber Concerto</a>, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Berg)" title="Violin Concerto (Berg)">Violin Concerto</a>. He also composed a number of songs (<i><a href="/wiki/Lieder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieder">lieder</a></i>). He is said to have brought more "human values" to the twelve-tone system; his works are seen as more "emotional" than those of Schoenberg.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEwen195220_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEwen195220-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His music had a surface glamour that won him admirers when Schoenberg himself had few.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berg died from <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a> in 1935. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Berg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Berg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>[... T]here are things that can't be measured by the yardstick of <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a> – – things that have sprung <i>solely</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">human spirit</a>, towering far above the <a href="/wiki/Economic_materialism" title="Economic materialism">material</a> world—things that are <i>real</i> only in our <i>longing</i> for them, 'when the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_(philosophy)" title="Sublime (philosophy)">sublime</a> and beautiful things, the good and wise things, that we long for, turn into reality—not a reality that can be picked and put in the mouth or that can be counted and put in one's pocket!' (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Ernst_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Ernst (writer) (page does not exist)">Otto Ernst</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Ernst_(Schriftsteller)" class="extiw" title="de:Otto Ernst (Schriftsteller)">de</a>]</span>). <br />     Music is like that – – – and quite a few literary works that are written from within a <i>longing</i>-filled heart! – – : – – <br />     – I've now got to <i><a href="/wiki/A_Doll%27s_House" title="A Doll's House">A Doll's House</a></i>. ... </p> <hr /> <p>Berg wrote in a typically freewheeling manner to share his reading of <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Ibsen</a>'s <i>A Doll's House</i> with Watznauer on October 18, 1906,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a77_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a77-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> here quoting from Ernst's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/ernst/strandlb/strandlb.html"><i>Meersymphonie</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a89_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a89-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in relating music to <a href="/wiki/Dream" title="Dream">dreams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_(psychology)" title="Fantasy (psychology)">fantasies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feeling" title="Feeling">feelings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Desire" title="Desire">desires</a>, especially those of a <a href="/wiki/Counterfactual_thinking" title="Counterfactual thinking">counterfactual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_universal" title="Cultural universal">universal</a> nature.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such themes predominate in Berg's often <a href="/wiki/Autobiographical_novel" title="Autobiographical novel">quasi-autobiographical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Program_music" title="Program music">programmatic</a> <i>œuvre</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not only <a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">romantically</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as in his <i><a href="/wiki/Lyric_Suite_(Berg)" title="Lyric Suite (Berg)">Lyric Suite</a></i>, but also <a href="/wiki/Social" title="Social">socially</a> as in <i><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(opera)" title="Lulu (opera)">Lulu</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson2006211–213_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2006211–213-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1917%E2%80%931923" title="Revolutions of 1917–1923">politically</a> as in <i><a href="/wiki/Wozzeck" title="Wozzeck">Wozzeck</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">mortally</a> as in his <a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Berg)" title="Violin Concerto (Berg)">Violin Concerto</a>. By contrast, Webern, who also started studying with Schoenberg in 1904, took from an evening with Mahler in 1905 that: "Nature is for us the model ...."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson199940_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson199940-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p>Berg was born in Vienna, the third of four children of Johanna and Konrad Berg. His father ran a successful export business, and the family owned several estates in Vienna and the countryside. The family's financial situation turned to the worse after the death of Konrad Berg in 1900, and it particularly affected young Berg, who had to repeat both his sixth and seventh grade to pass the exams.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman2001_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman2001-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his closest lifelong friends and earliest biographer (under the pseudonym Hermann Herrenried), architect Hermann Watznauer, became a father figure (partly at Konrad's request),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a33_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a33-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being ten years Berg's senior. Berg wrote him letters as long as thirty pages, often in florid, dramatic prose with idiosyncratic punctuation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonson19796,_42,_346_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonson19796,_42,_346-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berg was more interested in literature than music as a child and would consider a career as a writer several times, turning to music slowly and at times unconfidently<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until the success of <i><a href="/wiki/Wozzeck" title="Wozzeck">Wozzeck</a></i>. He did not begin to compose until he was fifteen, when he started to teach himself music, although he did take piano lessons from his sister's governess.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerle19802_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerle19802-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Marie Scheuchl, a maid in the family estate of Berghof in <a href="/wiki/Carinthia" title="Carinthia">Carinthia</a> and fifteen years his senior, he fathered a daughter, Albine, born 4 December 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman1990_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman1990-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1906 Berg met the singer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helene_Nahowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helene Nahowski (page does not exist)">Helene Nahowski</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helene_Berg" class="extiw" title="de:Helene Berg">de</a>]</span> (1885–1976), daughter of a wealthy family (rumoured to be in fact the illegitimate daughter of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I</a> from his liaison with <a href="/wiki/Anna_Nahowski" title="Anna Nahowski">Anna Nahowski</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the outward hostility of her family, the couple married on 3 May 1911, although "her father insisted on a Protestant ceremony to facilitate the divorce he foresaw as inevitable."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPople1997260_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPople1997260-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_works_(1907–1914)"><span id="Early_works_.281907.E2.80.931914.29"></span>Early works (1907–1914)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Berg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early works (1907–1914)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With little prior music education, Berg began studying <a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">counterpoint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">music theory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmony</a> under <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Arnold Schoenberg</a> in October 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1906 he was studying music full-time; by 1907 he began <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">composition</a> lessons. His student compositions included five drafts for <a href="/wiki/Piano_sonata" title="Piano sonata">piano sonatas</a>. He also wrote songs, including his <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Early_Songs_(Berg)" title="Seven Early Songs (Berg)">Seven Early Songs</a></i> (<i>Sieben frühe Lieder</i>), three of which were Berg's first publicly performed work in a concert that featured the music of Schoenberg's pupils in Vienna that year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPople199756_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPople199756-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early sketches eventually culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_(Berg)" title="Piano Sonata (Berg)">Piano Sonata, Op. 1</a>, published in 1910 and likely composed 1908–1909;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman199043_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman199043-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has been described as one of the most formidable "first" works ever written.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELauder1986_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELauder1986-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berg studied with Schoenberg for six years until 1911. Among Schoenberg's teachings was the idea that the unity of a musical composition depends upon all its aspects being derived from a single basic idea; this idea was later known as <i>developing variation</i>. Berg passed this on to his students, one of whom, <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Theodor W. Adorno</a>, stated: "The main principle he conveyed was that of variation: everything was supposed to <a href="/wiki/Development_(music)" title="Development (music)">develop</a> out of something else and yet be intrinsically different".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdornoBerg200533_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdornoBerg200533-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Piano Sonata is an example—the whole composition is derived from the work's opening <a href="/wiki/Quartal_and_quintal_harmony" title="Quartal and quintal harmony">quartal</a> gesture and its opening phrase.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berg was a part of Vienna's cultural elite during the heady <i><a href="/wiki/Fin_de_si%C3%A8cle" title="Fin de siècle">fin de siècle</a></i> period. His circle included the musicians <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Zemlinsky" title="Alexander von Zemlinsky">Alexander von Zemlinsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schreker" title="Franz Schreker">Franz Schreker</a>, the painter <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Klimt" title="Gustav Klimt">Gustav Klimt</a>, the writer and satirist <a href="/wiki/Karl_Kraus_(writer)" title="Karl Kraus (writer)">Karl Kraus</a>, the architect <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Loos" title="Adolf Loos">Adolf Loos</a>, and the poet <a href="/wiki/Peter_Altenberg" title="Peter Altenberg">Peter Altenberg</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Watschenkonzert_Karikatur_in_Die_Zeit_vom_6._April_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Watschenkonzert_Karikatur_in_Die_Zeit_vom_6._April_1913.jpg/290px-Watschenkonzert_Karikatur_in_Die_Zeit_vom_6._April_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Watschenkonzert_Karikatur_in_Die_Zeit_vom_6._April_1913.jpg/435px-Watschenkonzert_Karikatur_in_Die_Zeit_vom_6._April_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Watschenkonzert_Karikatur_in_Die_Zeit_vom_6._April_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Watschenkonzert</i></span> [slapping concert], caricature in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Die_Zeit_(Vienna)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Die Zeit (Vienna) (page does not exist)">Die Zeit</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Zeit_(Wien)" class="extiw" title="de:Die Zeit (Wien)">de</a>]</span></i> (Vienna), 6 April 1913<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1913 two of Berg's <i><a href="/wiki/Altenberg_Lieder" title="Altenberg Lieder">Altenberg Lieder</a></i> (1912) premiered in Vienna, conducted by Schoenberg in the infamous <i><a href="/wiki/Skandalkonzert" title="Skandalkonzert">Skandalkonzert</a></i>. Settings of aphoristic poetic utterances, the songs are accompanied by a very large orchestra. The performance caused a riot, and had to be halted. Berg effectively withdrew the work, and it was not performed in full until 1952. The full score remained unpublished until 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaruskin2010_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaruskin2010-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berg had a particular interest in the number 23, using it to structure several works. Various suggestions have been made as to the reason for this interest: that he took it from the <a href="/wiki/Biorhythms" class="mw-redirect" title="Biorhythms">biorhythms</a> theory of <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Fliess" title="Wilhelm Fliess">Wilhelm Fliess</a>, in which a 23-day cycle is considered significant,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman1983218–223_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman1983218–223-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or because he first suffered an asthma attack on the 23rd of the month.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman1985228–230_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman1985228–230-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wozzeck_(1917–1924)_and_Lulu_(1928–1929)"><span id="Wozzeck_.281917.E2.80.931924.29_and_Lulu_.281928.E2.80.931929.29"></span><i>Wozzeck</i> (1917–1924) and <i>Lulu</i> (1928–1929)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Berg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wozzeck (1917–1924) and Lulu (1928–1929)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1915 to 1918 Berg served in the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Army" title="Austro-Hungarian Army">Austro-Hungarian Army</a>. During a period of leave in 1917 he accelerated work on his first opera, <i><a href="/wiki/Wozzeck" title="Wozzeck">Wozzeck</a></i>. After the end of World War I, he settled again in Vienna, where he taught private pupils. He also helped Schoenberg run his <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Private_Musical_Performances" title="Society for Private Musical Performances">Society for Private Musical Performances</a>, which sought to create the ideal environment for the exploration and appreciation of unfamiliar new music by means of open rehearsals, repeat performances, and the exclusion of professional critics. </p><p>In 1924 three excerpts from <i>Wozzeck</i> were performed, which brought Berg his first public success. The opera, which Berg completed in 1922, was first performed on 14 December 1925, when <a href="/wiki/Erich_Kleiber" title="Erich Kleiber">Erich Kleiber</a> conducted the first performance in Berlin. Today, <i>Wozzeck</i> is seen as one of the century's most important works. Berg made a start on his second opera, the three-act <i><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(opera)" title="Lulu (opera)">Lulu</a></i>, in 1928 but interrupted the work in 1929 for the concert aria <i>Der Wein</i> which he completed that summer. <i>Der Wein</i> presaged <i>Lulu</i> in a number of ways, including vocal style, orchestration, design and text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAntokoletz2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidqrkTAwAAQBAJpgPA55_55]_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAntokoletz2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidqrkTAwAAQBAJpgPA55_55]-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other well-known Berg compositions include the <i><a href="/wiki/Lyric_Suite_(Berg)" title="Lyric Suite (Berg)">Lyric Suite</a></i> (1926), which was later shown to employ elaborate cyphers to document a secret love affair; the post-Mahlerian <a href="/wiki/Three_Pieces_for_Orchestra_(Berg)" title="Three Pieces for Orchestra (Berg)">Three Pieces for Orchestra</a> (completed in 1915 but not performed until after <i>Wozzeck</i>); and the <a href="/wiki/Kammerkonzert_(Berg)" title="Kammerkonzert (Berg)">Chamber Concerto</a> (<i>Kammerkonzert</i>, 1923–25) for violin, piano, and 13 wind instruments: this latter is written so conscientiously that <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a> has called it "Berg's strictest composition" and it, too, is permeated by cyphers and posthumously disclosed hidden programs.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was at this time he began exhibiting <a href="/wiki/Tone_cluster" title="Tone cluster">tone clusters</a> in his works after meeting with American avant-garde composer <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cowell" title="Henry Cowell">Henry Cowell</a>, with whom he would eventually form a lifelong friendship.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_years_(1930–1935)"><span id="Final_years_.281930.E2.80.931935.29"></span>Final years (1930–1935)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Berg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Final years (1930–1935)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WP_Alban_Berg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WP_Alban_Berg.jpg/220px-WP_Alban_Berg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/WP_Alban_Berg.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>Sketch of Berg by <a href="/wiki/Emil_Stumpp" title="Emil Stumpp">Emil Stumpp</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Life for the musical world was becoming increasingly difficult in the 1930s both in Vienna and Germany due to the rising tide of <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> cultural ideology that denounced <a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">modernity</a>. Even to have an association with someone who was Jewish could lead to denunciation, and Berg's "crime" was to have studied with the Jewish composer <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Arnold Schoenberg</a>. Berg found that opportunities for his work to be performed in Germany were becoming rare, and eventually his music was <a href="/wiki/Proscribed" class="mw-redirect" title="Proscribed">proscribed</a> and placed on the list of <a href="/wiki/Degenerate_music" title="Degenerate music">degenerate music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENotley2010_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENotley2010-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1932 Berg and his wife acquired an isolated lodge, the <i>Waldhaus</i> on the southern shore of the <a href="/wiki/W%C3%B6rthersee" title="Wörthersee">Wörthersee</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Schiefling_am_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Schiefling am See">Schiefling am See</a> in <a href="/wiki/Carinthia" title="Carinthia">Carinthia</a>, where he was able to work in seclusion, mainly on <i><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(opera)" title="Lulu (opera)">Lulu</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Berg)" title="Violin Concerto (Berg)">Violin Concerto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of 1934, Berg became involved in the political intrigues around finding a replacement for <a href="/wiki/Clemens_Krauss" title="Clemens Krauss">Clemens Krauss</a> as director of the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Vienna State Opera</a>. </p><p>As more of the performances of his work in Germany were cancelled by the <a href="/wiki/Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazis">Nazis</a>, who had come to power in early 1933, he needed to ensure the new director would be an advocate for modernist music. Originally, the premiere of <i>Lulu</i> had been planned for the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_State_Opera" title="Berlin State Opera">Berlin State Opera</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Erich_Kleiber" title="Erich Kleiber">Erich Kleiber</a> continued to champion his music and had conducted the premiere of <i>Wozzeck</i> in 1925, but now this was looking increasingly uncertain, and <i>Lulu</i> was rejected by the Berlin authorities in the spring of 1934. Kleiber's production of the <i>Lulu</i> symphonic suite on 30 November 1934 in Berlin was also the occasion of his resignation in protest at the extent of conflation of culture with politics. Even in Vienna, the opportunities for the Vienna School of musicians were dwindling.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENotley2010_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENotley2010-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berg had interrupted the orchestration of <i>Lulu</i> because of an unexpected (and financially much-needed) commission from the Russian-American violinist <a href="/wiki/Louis_Krasner" title="Louis Krasner">Louis Krasner</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Berg)" title="Violin Concerto (Berg)">Violin Concerto</a> (1935). This profoundly elegiac work, composed at unaccustomed speed and posthumously premiered, has become one of Berg's frequently performed compositions. Like much of his mature work, it employs an idiosyncratic adaptation of Schoenberg's "dodecaphonic" or <a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">twelve-tone technique</a>, that enables the composer to produce passages openly evoking tonality, including quotations from historical tonal music, such as a <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Bach</a> chorale and a Carinthian folk song. The Violin Concerto was dedicated "to the memory of an Angel", <a href="/wiki/Manon_Gropius" title="Manon Gropius">Manon Gropius</a>, the deceased daughter of architect <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Walter Gropius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alma_Mahler" title="Alma Mahler">Alma Mahler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPople199128_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPople199128-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Berg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berg died aged 50 in Vienna, on Christmas Eve 1935, from <a href="/wiki/Blood_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood poisoning">blood poisoning</a> apparently caused by a <a href="/wiki/Furuncle" class="mw-redirect" title="Furuncle">furuncle</a> on his back, induced by an insect sting that occurred in November.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried at the <a href="/wiki/Hietzing_Cemetery" title="Hietzing Cemetery">Hietzing Cemetery</a> in Vienna. </p><p>Before he died, Berg had completed the orchestration of only the first two of the three acts of <i>Lulu</i>. The completed acts were successfully premièred in Zürich in 1937. For personal reasons Helene Berg subsequently imposed a ban on any attempt to "complete" the final act, which Berg had in fact completed in <a href="/wiki/Short_score" class="mw-redirect" title="Short score">short score</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman199146_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman199146-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An orchestration was therefore commissioned in secret from <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Cerha" title="Friedrich Cerha">Friedrich Cerha</a> and premièred in Paris (under <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a>) only in 1979, soon after Helene Berg's own death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Berg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alban_Berg_Bueste_Schiefling_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Alban_Berg_Bueste_Schiefling_01.jpg/220px-Alban_Berg_Bueste_Schiefling_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Alban_Berg_Bueste_Schiefling_01.jpg/330px-Alban_Berg_Bueste_Schiefling_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Alban_Berg_Bueste_Schiefling_01.jpg/440px-Alban_Berg_Bueste_Schiefling_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Bust of Berg at <a href="/wiki/Schiefling_am_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Schiefling am See">Schiefling am See</a>, Carinthia, Austria</figcaption></figure> <p>Berg is remembered as one of the most important composers of the 20th century and the most widely performed opera composer among the Second Viennese School.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman2001_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman2001-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is said to have brought more "human values" to the <a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">twelve-tone system</a>, his works seen as more "emotional" than Schoenberg's.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEwen195220_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEwen195220-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critically, he is seen as having preserved the Viennese tradition in his music.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman2001_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman2001-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berg scholar Douglas Jarman writes in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i> that "[as] the 20th century closed, the 'backward-looking' Berg suddenly came as [George] <a href="/wiki/George_Perle" title="George Perle">Perle</a> remarked, to look like its most forward-looking composer."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman2001_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman2001-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg_Foundation" title="Alban Berg Foundation">Alban Berg Foundation</a>, founded by the composer's widow in 1969, cultivates the memory and works of the composer, and awards scholarships.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg_Monument,_Vienna" title="Alban Berg Monument, Vienna">Alban Berg Monument</a>, situated next to the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Vienna State Opera</a> and unveiled in 2016, was funded by the Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg_Quartett" title="Alban Berg Quartett">Alban Berg Quartett</a> was a <a href="/wiki/String_quartet" title="String quartet">string quartet</a> named after him, active from 1971 until 2008. </p><p>The asteroid <a href="/wiki/4528_Berg" class="mw-redirect" title="4528 Berg">4528 Berg</a> is named after him (1983).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_compositions">Major compositions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Berg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Major compositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Alban_Berg" title="List of compositions by Alban Berg">List of compositions by Alban Berg</a></div> <p><b>Piano</b> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_(Berg)" title="Piano Sonata (Berg)">Piano Sonata</a>, Op. 1</dd></dl> <p><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Chamber"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Chamber</span></span></b> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_(Berg)" title="String Quartet (Berg)">String Quartet</a>, Op. 3</dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Lyric_Suite_(Berg)" title="Lyric Suite (Berg)">Lyric Suite</a></i>, string quartet</dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Kammerkonzert_(Berg)" title="Kammerkonzert (Berg)">Chamber Concerto</a></i> (1925) for piano, violin and 13 wind instruments</dd></dl> <p><b>Orchestral</b> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Three_Pieces_for_Orchestra_(Berg)" title="Three Pieces for Orchestra (Berg)">Three Pieces for Orchestra</a>, Op. 6</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Berg)" title="Violin Concerto (Berg)">Violin Concerto</a></dd></dl> <p><b>Vocal</b> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Seven_Early_Songs_(Berg)" title="Seven Early Songs (Berg)">Seven Early Songs</a></dd> <dd><i>Vier Lieder</i> (<i>Four Songs</i>), Op. 2</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Altenberg_Lieder" title="Altenberg Lieder"><i>Five Orchestral Songs on Postcard Texts of Peter Altenberg</i></a>, Op. 4</dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Wein" title="Der Wein">Der Wein</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Schlie%C3%9Fe_mir_die_Augen_beide" title="Schließe mir die Augen beide">Schließe mir die Augen beide</a></i></dd></dl> <p><b>Operas</b> </p> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Wozzeck" title="Wozzeck">Wozzeck</a></i>, Op. 7 (1925)</dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(opera)" title="Lulu (opera)">Lulu</a></i> (1937)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Berg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Berg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As Ernst continues, in fuller context: "Otherwise we would no longer have any longing, and that would be the end of us. It is a reality that one feels with sensuous certainty in one's brain and heart, eyes and ears, nose and tongue, hands and hair roots, blood and all the nerves and muscles of the body! ... An artist is a person who has heightened senses. ... And they see in words and sounds ... a happier world. And their eye can open a hundred thousand eyes ..." ("<i>Dann hättet ihr keine Sehnsucht mehr, und das wäre das Ende der Menschheit. Aber doch ist es eine Wirklichkeit, die ihr im Hirn und im Herzen, in Augen und Ohren, in Nase und Zunge, in Händen und Haarwurzeln, in Blut und allen Nerven und Muskeln eures Leibes mit sinnlicher Gewißheit fühlt! ... Ein Künstler ist ein Mensch, der selige Sinne hat. ... Und sie sehen in Worten und Tönen ... einer beglückteren Welt. Und sein Auge vermag hunderttausend Augen aufzutun ...</i>").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alwa, a semi-autobiographical role in <i>Lulu</i>, is defined above all by his infatuated idealization of Lulu, just as the <i>Lyric Suite</i> is defined by Berg's infatuation with the idea of <a href="/wiki/Hanna_Fuchs-Robettin" title="Hanna Fuchs-Robettin">Hanna Fuchs-Robettin</a>; but unlike Berg, who did not consummate his affair with Hanna, Alwa "is unable to <a href="/wiki/Sublimation_(psychology)" title="Sublimation (psychology)">sublimate</a> his sinful <a href="/wiki/Passions_(philosophy)" title="Passions (philosophy)">passion</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerle1985190_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerle1985190-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for his <a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">muse</a>. On at least one occasion (likely spring 1907), echoing a passage from <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wedekind" title="Frank Wedekind">Frank Wedekind</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Earth_Spirit_(play)" title="Earth Spirit (play)">Erdgeist</a></i>, which he had seen in Vienna, Berg wrote to his wife <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helene_Karoline_Berg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helene Karoline Berg (page does not exist)">Helene</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helene_Karoline_Berg" class="extiw" title="de:Helene Karoline Berg">de</a>]</span>: "Again and again I kiss that hand of yours, my most glorious Symphony in D minor";<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreivik1998113_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreivik1998113-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> likewise Alwa sings, in a prominent episode full of kisses, a fanatical hymn comparing Lulu's features to music, with Wedekind's text modified to correspond roughly to music from the <i>Lyric Suite</i> (e.g., "these knees: a misterioso").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerle198559_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerle198559-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">At the very beginning as he <a href="/wiki/Barber" title="Barber">shaves</a> his <i><a href="/wiki/Hauptmann" title="Hauptmann">Hauptmann</a></i>, Wozzeck sings, "<a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">Poor folks</a> like us! ... <a href="/wiki/Wage_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wage labor">Money</a>! If one has <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">none</a>! ... if I <a href="/wiki/Optative_mood" title="Optative mood">were</a> a <a href="/wiki/Relations_of_production" title="Relations of production">gentleman</a> ... I'd be <a href="/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue">virtuous</a> ... it must be a fine thing to be ... But ... our <a href="/wiki/Class_struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Class struggle">kind</a> is unlucky in this world and in the next".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like Wozzeck, Berg was a soldier and saw in him "a bit of me ... since I have been spending these <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">war</a> years just as <a href="/wiki/Lord%E2%80%93bondsman_dialectic" title="Lord–bondsman dialectic">dependent</a> on people I hate, have been in <a href="/wiki/Workers_of_the_world,_unite!" title="Workers of the world, unite!">chains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_health#After_the_18th_century" title="Public health">sick</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria-Hungary_during_World_War_I#Theaters_of_operations" title="History of Austria-Hungary during World War I">captive</a>, resigned, in fact <a href="/wiki/Social_defeat" title="Social defeat">humiliated</a>" (letter to Helene, August 7, 1918).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerle198020_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerle198020-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These were habits that Berg sought to moderate in time, not only with maturity, but also especially under the increasing influence of Schoenberg.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The duress of Schoenberg's criticisms provoked crises of confidence.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Berg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725013512/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/alban-berg?s=ts">"Berg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Random_House_Webster%27s_Unabridged_Dictionary" title="Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary">Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/alban-berg?s=ts">the original</a> on 25 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Random+House+Webster%27s+Unabridged+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Berg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Falban-berg%3Fs%3Dts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaron2010-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaron2010_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaron2010">Baron 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeadlam2013-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeadlam2013_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeadlam2013">Headlam 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEwen195220-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEwen195220_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEwen195220_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEwen1952">Ewen 1952</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorwich1985–1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Julius_Norwich" title="John Julius Norwich">Norwich, John Julius</a> (1985–1993). <i>Oxford Illustrated Encyclopedia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harry_Judge" title="Harry Judge">Judge, Harry George</a>., Toyne, Anthony. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-869129-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-869129-7"><bdi>978-0-19-869129-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11814265">11814265</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Illustrated+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Oxford+%5BEngland%5D&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1985%2F1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11814265&rft.isbn=978-0-19-869129-7&rft.aulast=Norwich&rft.aufirst=John+Julius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a77-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a77_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHailey2010a">Hailey 2010a</a>, 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a89-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a89_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHailey2010a">Hailey 2010a</a>, 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBruhn1998">Bruhn 1998</a>, xv–xvi; <a href="#CITEREFJohnson2006">Johnson 2006</a>, 211–213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerle1985190-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerle1985190_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerle1985">Perle 1985</a>, 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreivik1998113-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreivik1998113_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreivik1998">Breivik 1998</a>, 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerle198559-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerle198559_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerle1985">Perle 1985</a>, 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2006211–213-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson2006211–213_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnson2006">Johnson 2006</a>, 211–213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnson2006">Johnson 2006</a>, 211–213; <a href="#CITEREFPerle1980">Perle 1980</a>, 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerle198020-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerle198020_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerle1980">Perle 1980</a>, 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson199940-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson199940_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnson1999">Johnson 1999</a>, 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman2001-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman2001_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman2001_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman2001_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman2001_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJarman2001">Jarman 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a33-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a33_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHailey2010a">Hailey 2010a</a>, 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonson19796,_42,_346-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonson19796,_42,_346_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMonson1979">Monson 1979</a>, 6, 42, 346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerle19802-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerle19802_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerle1980">Perle 1980</a>, 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman1990-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman1990_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJarman1990">Jarman 1990</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkus1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Markus" class="extiw" title="de:Georg Markus">Markus, Georg</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (1985). <i>Der Kaiser Franz Joseph I.: Bilder und Dokumente</i> (in German). Amalthea. p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783850022057" title="Special:BookSources/9783850022057"><bdi>9783850022057</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Kaiser+Franz+Joseph+I.%3A+Bilder+und+Dokumente&rft.pages=Category%3AWikipedia+articles+needing+page+number+citations+from+October+2023%3Csup+class%3D%22noprint+Inline-Template+%22+style%3D%22white-space%3Anowrap%3B%22%3E%26%2391%3B%3Ci%3EWikipedia%3ACiting+sources%7C%3Cspan+title%3D%22This+citation+requires+a+reference+to+the+specific+page+or+range+of+pages+in+which+the+material+appears.%26%2332%3B%28October+2023%29%22%3Epage-needed%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fi%3E%26%2393%3B%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.pub=Amalthea&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9783850022057&rft.aulast=Markus&rft.aufirst=Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnna_Nahowski1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Nahowski" title="Anna Nahowski">Anna Nahowski</a> (1986). Friedrich Saathen (ed.). <i>Anna Nahowski und Kaiser Franz Joseph</i> (in German). Böhlau. p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3205050377" title="Special:BookSources/978-3205050377"><bdi>978-3205050377</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anna+Nahowski+und+Kaiser+Franz+Joseph&rft.pages=Category%3AWikipedia+articles+needing+page+number+citations+from+October+2023%3Csup+class%3D%22noprint+Inline-Template+%22+style%3D%22white-space%3Anowrap%3B%22%3E%26%2391%3B%3Ci%3EWikipedia%3ACiting+sources%7C%3Cspan+title%3D%22This+citation+requires+a+reference+to+the+specific+page+or+range+of+pages+in+which+the+material+appears.%26%2332%3B%28October+2023%29%22%3Epage-needed%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fi%3E%26%2393%3B%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.pub=B%C3%B6hlau&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-3205050377&rft.au=Anna+Nahowski&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPople1997260-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPople1997260_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPople1997">Pople 1997</a>, p. 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schoenberg, Arnold. Trans. Joe Monzo.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030927035727/http://sonic-arts.org/monzo/schoenberg/harm/monzo-intro.htm">"Schoenberg's Harmonielehre"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sonic-arts.org/monzo/schoenberg/harm/monzo-intro.htm">the original</a> on 27 September 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schoenberg%27s+Harmonielehre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sonic-arts.org%2Fmonzo%2Fschoenberg%2Fharm%2Fmonzo-intro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPople199756-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPople199756_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPople1997">Pople 1997</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman199043-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman199043_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJarman1990">Jarman 1990</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELauder1986-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELauder1986_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLauder1986">Lauder 1986</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdornoBerg200533-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdornoBerg200533_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdornoBerg2005">Adorno & Berg 2005</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mariinsky-theatre.com/company/other/composer/Alban_Berg/">"Alban Berg – Composer"</a>. <i>www.mariinsky-theatre.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191203040945/https://www.mariinsky-theatre.com/company/other/composer/Alban_Berg/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mariinsky-theatre.com&rft.atitle=Alban+Berg+%E2%80%93+Composer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mariinsky-theatre.com%2Fcompany%2Fother%2Fcomposer%2FAlban_Berg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmin_Sattler2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Armin Sattler (5 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsv2.orf.at/stories/2175106/2175105/">"Konzertsaal als Kampfarena"</a> [Concert hall as fight arena]. <i>News.orf.at</i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News.orf.at&rft.atitle=Konzertsaal+als+Kampfarena&rft.date=2012-04-05&rft.au=Armin+Sattler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsv2.orf.at%2Fstories%2F2175106%2F2175105%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaruskin2010-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaruskin2010_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaruskin2010">Taruskin 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman1983218–223-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman1983218–223_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJarman1983">Jarman 1983</a>, pp. 218–223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman1985228–230-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman1985228–230_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJarman1985">Jarman 1985</a>, p. 228–230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAntokoletz2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidqrkTAwAAQBAJpgPA55_55]-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAntokoletz2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidqrkTAwAAQBAJpgPA55_55]_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAntokoletz2014">Antokoletz 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qrkTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA55">55</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musopen.org/fr/education/instrument/piano/great-composers/20th-century-composers/alban-berg/">"Alban Berg"</a>. <i>musopen.org</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180824002422/https://musopen.org/fr/education/instrument/piano/great-composers/20th-century-composers/alban-berg/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=musopen.org&rft.atitle=Alban+Berg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmusopen.org%2Ffr%2Feducation%2Finstrument%2Fpiano%2Fgreat-composers%2F20th-century-composers%2Falban-berg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sachs, Joel (2012). <i>Henry Cowell: A Man Made of Music</i>, pp. 191–192. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510895-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510895-8">978-0-19-510895-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENotley2010-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENotley2010_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENotley2010_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNotley2010">Notley 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHailey2010a_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHailey2010a">Hailey 2010a</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPople199128-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPople199128_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPople1991">Pople 1991</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Steinberg_(music_critic)" title="Michael Steinberg (music critic)">Steinberg, Michael</a> (1998). <i>The Concerto: A Listener's Guide</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJarman199146-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJarman199146_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJarman1991">Jarman 1991</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://absw.at/stiftung-geschichte">"Geschichte der Alban Berg Stiftung"</a> Alban Berg Stiftung. Retrieved 11 July 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.absw.at/stiftung-denkmal">"Das Alban Berg Denkmal vor der Wiener Staatsoper"</a> Alban Berg Stiftung. Retrieved 11 July 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmadel2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lutz_D._Schmadel" title="Lutz D. Schmadel">Schmadel, Lutz</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VoJ5nUyIzCsC"><i>Dictionary of Minor Planet Names</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 390. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-00238-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-00238-3"><bdi>978-3-540-00238-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201114030533/https://books.google.com/books?id=VoJ5nUyIzCsC">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Minor+Planet+Names&rft.pages=390&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-540-00238-3&rft.aulast=Schmadel&rft.aufirst=Lutz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVoJ5nUyIzCsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Berg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 45em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdornoBerg2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno, Theodor W.</a>; Berg, Alban (2005) [1997]. Lonitz, Henri (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uh4-BQAAQBAJ"><i>Briefwechsel 1925–1935</i></a> [<i>Correspondence 1925–1935</i>]. Hoban, Wieland – translator, originally published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt. Cambridge: Polity. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-9496-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-9496-2"><bdi>978-0-7456-9496-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200429073551/https://books.google.com/books?id=uh4-BQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Briefwechsel+1925%E2%80%931935&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Polity&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7456-9496-2&rft.aulast=Adorno&rft.aufirst=Theodor+W.&rft.au=Berg%2C+Alban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duh4-BQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntokoletz2014" class="citation book cs1">Antokoletz, Elliott (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qrkTAwAAQBAJ"><i>A History of Twentieth-Century Music in a Theoretic-Analytical Context</i></a>. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-03730-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-03730-7"><bdi>978-1-135-03730-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200429073613/https://books.google.com/books?id=qrkTAwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Twentieth-Century+Music+in+a+Theoretic-Analytical+Context&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-135-03730-7&rft.aulast=Antokoletz&rft.aufirst=Elliott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqrkTAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaron2010" class="citation book cs1">Baron, John H. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dWKRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA301"><i>Chamber Music: A Research and Information Guide</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 301ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-84828-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-84828-6"><bdi>978-1-135-84828-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216103647/https://books.google.com/books?id=dWKRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA301">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chamber+Music%3A+A+Research+and+Information+Guide&rft.pages=301ff&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-135-84828-6&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdWKRAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBreivik1998">Breivik, Magnar. 1998. "The Representation of Sleep and Death in Berg's <i>Piano Songs</i>, op.2". In <i>Encrypted Messages in Alban Berg’s Music</i>, ed. Siglind Bruhn, 109–136. Border Crossings Series. London: Taylor & Francis. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-52287-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-52287-1">978-1-136-52287-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBruhn1998">Bruhn, Siglind. 1998. "Editor's Introduction". In <i>Encrypted Messages in Alban Berg’s Music</i>, ed. Siglind Bruhn, xv–xvi. Border Crossings Series. London: Taylor & Francis. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-52287-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-52287-1">978-1-136-52287-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEwen1952" class="citation book cs1">Ewen, David (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hPA5vQEACAAJ"><i>The Complete Book of 20th Century Music</i></a> (revised ed.). Prentice-Hall. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725015710/https://books.google.com/books?id=hPA5vQEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+20th+Century+Music&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Ewen&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhPA5vQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHailey2010" class="citation book cs1">Hailey, Christopher, ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DO04-IuTw1oC"><i>Alban Berg and His World</i></a>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3647-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3647-5"><bdi>978-1-4008-3647-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200429073510/https://books.google.com/books?id=DO04-IuTw1oC">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alban+Berg+and+His+World&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-3647-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDO04-IuTw1oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span id="CITEREFHailey2010a" class="citation">Hailey, Christopher (2010a). "Berg's Worlds". In <a href="#CITEREFHailey2010">Hailey (2010)</a>, pp. 3–32.</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeadlam2013" class="citation book cs1">Headlam, Dave (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sg1EAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA78">"Berg, Alban 1885–1935"</a>. In Steib, Murray (ed.). <i>Reader's Guide to Music: History, Theory and Criticism</i>. Routledge. p. 78ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-94262-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-94262-5"><bdi>978-1-135-94262-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725015620/https://books.google.com/books?id=Sg1EAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA78">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Berg%2C+Alban+1885%E2%80%931935&rft.btitle=Reader%27s+Guide+to+Music%3A+History%2C+Theory+and+Criticism&rft.pages=78ff&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-94262-5&rft.aulast=Headlam&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSg1EAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarman1983" class="citation journal cs1">Jarman, Douglas (April 1983). "Alban Berg, Wilhelm Fliess and the Secret Programme of the Violin Concerto". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Musical_Times" title="The Musical Times">The Musical Times</a></i>. <b>124</b> (1682): 218–223. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F962034">10.2307/962034</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/962034">962034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Musical+Times&rft.atitle=Alban+Berg%2C+Wilhelm+Fliess+and+the+Secret+Programme+of+the+Violin+Concerto&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1682&rft.pages=218-223&rft.date=1983-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F962034&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F962034%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Jarman&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarman1985" class="citation book cs1">Jarman, Douglas (1985) [1979]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-84UtteI-F0C"><i>The Music of Alban Berg</i></a> (Revised ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04954-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04954-3"><bdi>978-0-520-04954-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200429073708/https://books.google.com/books?id=-84UtteI-F0C">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Music+of+Alban+Berg&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-520-04954-3&rft.aulast=Jarman&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-84UtteI-F0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarman1990" class="citation book cs1">Jarman, Douglas (1990). <i>The Berg Companion</i>. Boston: Northeastern University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55553-068-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55553-068-6"><bdi>978-1-55553-068-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19739582">19739582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Berg+Companion&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Northeastern+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19739582&rft.isbn=978-1-55553-068-6&rft.aulast=Jarman&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarman1991" class="citation book cs1">Jarman, Douglas (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NGY4AAAAIAAJ"><i>Alban Berg: Lulu</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-28480-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-28480-6"><bdi>978-0-521-28480-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200429073621/https://books.google.com/books?id=NGY4AAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alban+Berg%3A+Lulu&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-521-28480-6&rft.aulast=Jarman&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNGY4AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarman2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Jarman, Douglas (2001). "Berg, Alban (Maria Johannes)". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians#Grove_Music_Online_and_Oxford_Music_Online" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove Music Online</a></i> (8th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.02767">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.02767</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0"><bdi>978-1-56159-263-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Berg%2C+Alban+%28Maria+Johannes%29&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.02767&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-263-0&rft.aulast=Jarman&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFJohnson1999">Johnson, Julian. 1999. <i>Webern and the Transformation of Nature</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66149-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66149-2">978-0-521-66149-2</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFJohnson2006">Johnson, Julius. 2006. "Anton Webern, the Social Democratic Kunstelle and Musical Modernism." <i>Austrian Studies</i> 14(1):197–213.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLauder1986" class="citation thesis cs1">Lauder, Robert Neil (1986). <i>Two Early Piano Works of Alban Berg: A Stylistic and Structural Analysis</i> (thesis). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Two+Early+Piano+Works+of+Alban+Berg%3A+A+Stylistic+and+Structural+Analysis&rft.inst=University+of+North+Carolina&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Lauder&rft.aufirst=Robert+Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMonson1979">Monson, Karen. 1979. <i>Alban Berg: A Biography.</i> Reprinted, London: Macdonald and Jane's. 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-354-04464-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-354-04464-6">978-0-354-04464-6</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span id="CITEREFNotley2010" class="citation">Notley, Margaret. "1934, Alban Berg, and the shadow of politics: documents of a troubled year". In <a href="#CITEREFHailey2010">Hailey (2010)</a>, pp. 223–268.</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFPerle1980">Perle, George. 1980. <i>The Operas of Alban Berg, Vol. I: Wozzeck.</i> Berkeley: University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06617-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06617-5">978-0-520-06617-5</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFPerle1985">Perle, George. 1985. <i>The Operas of Alban Berg, Vol. II: Lulu.</i> Berkeley: University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06616-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06616-8">978-0-520-06616-8</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPople1991" class="citation book cs1">Pople, Anthony (1991). <i>Berg: Violin Concerto</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39976-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39976-0"><bdi>978-0-521-39976-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/22314162">22314162</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Berg%3A+Violin+Concerto&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F22314162&rft.isbn=978-0-521-39976-0&rft.aulast=Pople&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPople1997" class="citation book cs1">Pople, Anthony (1997). <i>The Cambridge Companion To Berg</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1000795M">1000795M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+To+Berg&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL1000795M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Pople&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaruskin2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taruskin" title="Richard Taruskin">Taruskin, Richard</a> (2010). <i>Music in the Early Twentieth Century</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538484-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538484-0"><bdi>978-0-19-538484-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/261177783">261177783</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+in+the+Early+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F261177783&rft.isbn=978-0-19-538484-0&rft.aulast=Taruskin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Berg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 45em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno, Theodor W.</a> <i>Alban Berg: Master of the Smallest Link</i>. Trans. Juliane Brand and Christopher Hailey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.</li> <li>Brand, Juliane, Christopher Hailey and Donald Harris, eds. <i>The Berg-Schoenberg Correspondence: Selected Letters</i>. New York: Norton, 1987.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosco_Carner" title="Mosco Carner">Carner, Mosco</a>. <i>Alban Berg: The Man and the Work</i>. London: Duckworth, 1975.</li> <li>dos Santos, Silvio J. <i>Narratives of Identity in Alban Berg's 'Lulu'</i>. Rochester, New York: University of Rochester Press, 2014.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Floros" title="Constantin Floros">Floros, Constantin</a>. Trans. by Ernest Bernhardt-Kabisch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=1037_3025_3071&products_id=57669"><i>Alban Berg and Hanna Fuchs</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080304153225/http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=1037_3025_3071&products_id=57669">Archived</a> 4 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Grun" title="Bernard Grun">Grun, Bernard</a>, ed. <i>Alban Berg: Letters to his Wife</i>. London: Faber and Faber, 1971.</li> <li>Headlam, Dave. <i>The Music of Alban Berg.</i> New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.</li> <li>Jarman, Douglas. "Dr. Schon's Five-Strophe Aria: Some Notes on Tonality and Pitch Association in Berg's <i>Lulu</i>". <i><a href="/wiki/Perspectives_of_New_Music" title="Perspectives of New Music">Perspectives of New Music</a></i> 8/2 (Spring/Summer 1970).</li> <li>Jarman, Douglas. "Some Rhythmic and Metric Techniques in Alban Berg's <i>Lulu</i>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Musical_Quarterly" title="The Musical Quarterly">The Musical Quarterly</a></i> 56/3 (July 1970).</li> <li>Jarman, Douglas. "<i>Lulu</i>: The Sketches". <i>International Alban Berg Society Newsletter</i>, 6 (June 1978).</li> <li>Jarman, Douglas. "Countess Geschwitz's Series: A Controversy Resolved?". <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Musical_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association">Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association</a></i> 107 (1980/81).</li> <li>Jarman, Douglas. "Some Observations on Rhythm, Meter and Tempo in <i>Lulu</i>". In <i>Alban Berg Studien</i>. Ed. Rudolf Klein. Vienna: Universal Edition, 1981.</li> <li>Jarman, Douglas. "<i>Lulu</i>: The Musical and Dramatic Structure". Royal Opera House Covent Garden program notes, 1981.</li> <li>Jarman, Douglas. "The 'Lost' Score of the 'Symphonic Pieces from <i>Lulu</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>". <i>International Alban Berg Society Newsletter</i> 12 (Fall/Winter 1982).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Jarman, Douglas (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xGm2lGZh3wsC"><i>Alban Berg, Wozzeck</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-28481-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-28481-3"><bdi>978-0-521-28481-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200429073652/https://books.google.com/books?id=xGm2lGZh3wsC">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alban+Berg%2C+Wozzeck&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-521-28481-3&rft.aulast=Jarman&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxGm2lGZh3wsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Leibowitz, René. <i>Schoenberg and his school; the contemporary stage of the language of music</i>. Trans. <a href="/wiki/Dika_Newlin" title="Dika Newlin">Dika Newlin</a>. New York: Philosophical Library, 1949.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Redlich" title="Hans Redlich">Redlich, Hans Ferdinand</a>. <i>Alban Berg, the Man and His Music</i>. London: John Calder, 1957.</li> <li>Reich, Willi. <i>The life and work of Alban Berg</i>. Trans. <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Cardew" title="Cornelius Cardew">Cornelius Cardew</a>. New York : Da Capo Press, 1982.</li> <li>Schmalfeldt, Janet. "Berg's Path to Atonality: The Piano Sonata, Op. 1". <i>Alban Berg: Historical and Analytical Perspectives</i>. Eds. David Gable and Robert P. Morgan, pp. 79–110. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.</li> <li>Schweizer, Klaus. <i>Die Sonatensatzform im Schaffen Alban Bergs</i>. Stuttgart: Satz und Druck, 1970.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Simms, Bryan R. (2013) [1996]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vWJlcWfpebMC"><i>Alban Berg</i></a> (2nd ed.). Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-84674-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-84674-9"><bdi>978-1-135-84674-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200429073701/https://books.google.com/books?id=vWJlcWfpebMC">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alban+Berg&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-84674-9&rft.aulast=Simms&rft.aufirst=Bryan+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvWJlcWfpebMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Simms, Bryan; Erwin, Charlotte (2021). <i>Berg</i>. Master Musicians. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-093144-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-093144-5"><bdi>978-0-19-093144-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Berg&rft.series=Master+Musicians&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-19-093144-5&rft.aulast=Simms&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft.au=Erwin%2C+Charlotte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Walton, Chris (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m0QlBQAAQBAJ"><i>Lies and Epiphanies: Composers and Their Inspiration from Wagner to Berg</i></a>. Rochester, New York: University of Rochester Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58046-477-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58046-477-2"><bdi>978-1-58046-477-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200429073704/https://books.google.com/books?id=m0QlBQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lies+and+Epiphanies%3A+Composers+and+Their+Inspiration+from+Wagner+to+Berg&rft.place=Rochester%2C+New+York&rft.pub=University+of+Rochester+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-58046-477-2&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm0QlBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Wilkey, Jay Weldon. <i>Certain Aspects of Form in the Vocal Music of Alban Berg</i>. Ph.D. thesis. Ann Arbor: Indiana University, 1965.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Berg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output 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background-color:#E0E0E0; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Archives at</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.4em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Music Division, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/eadmus.mu021011">Willi Reich Collection on Alban Berg, 1912–1950</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.4em; padding-bottom:0.4em; border-top:1px solid #E0E0E0;"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Archival_material" title="Help:Archival material">How to use archival material</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Alban_Berg" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Alban Berg">Alban Berg</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alban_Berg" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alban Berg">Alban Berg</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universaledition.com/Alban-Berg/composers-and-works/composer/51">Alban Berg</a> biography and works on the UE website (publisher)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lieder.net/lieder/get_settings.html?ComposerId=3386">Vocal texts used by Alban Berg with translations to various languages</a>, LiederNet Archive</li> <li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Berg,_Alban" class="extiw" title="scores:Category:Berg, Alban">Free scores by Alban Berg</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (IMSLP)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pytheasmusic.org/berg.html">Alban Berg at Pytheas Center for Contemporary Music</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://albanberg.resampled.de">albanberg.resampled.de</a> The most comprehensive acoustic representation of Alban Bergs Works in digital realisations.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brahms.ircam.fr/en/alban-berg">"Alban Berg (biography, works, resources)"</a> (in French and English). <a href="/wiki/IRCAM" title="IRCAM">IRCAM</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alban+Berg+%28biography%2C+works%2C+resources%29&rft.pub=IRCAM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrahms.ircam.fr%2Fen%2Falban-berg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlban+Berg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230929110046/http://www.schoenberg.at/scans/Clippings/C19351224_b.pdf">Alban Berg's obituary in the 24 Dec. 1935 issue of <i>The New York Times</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alban_Berg" title="Template:Alban Berg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alban_Berg" title="Template talk:Alban Berg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alban_Berg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alban Berg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alban_Berg" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alban Berg</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Alban_Berg" title="List of compositions by Alban Berg">List of compositions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wozzeck" title="Wozzeck">Wozzeck</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(opera)" title="Lulu (opera)">Lulu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestral works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Pieces_for_Orchestra_(Berg)" title="Three Pieces for Orchestra (Berg)">Three Pieces for Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Berg)" title="Violin Concerto (Berg)">Violin Concerto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chamber music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_(Berg)" title="String Quartet (Berg)">String Quartet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lyric_Suite_(Berg)" title="Lyric Suite (Berg)">Lyric Suite</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerkonzert_(Berg)" title="Kammerkonzert (Berg)">Kammerkonzert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piano music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_(Berg)" title="Piano Sonata (Berg)">Piano Sonata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vocal music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Early_Songs_(Berg)" title="Seven Early Songs (Berg)">Seven Early Songs</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Altenberg_Lieder" title="Altenberg Lieder">Altenberg Lieder</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Schlie%C3%9Fe_mir_die_Augen_beide" title="Schließe mir die Augen beide">Schließe mir die Augen beide</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Der_Wein" title="Der Wein">Der Wein</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farben_chord" title="Farben chord">Farben chord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literaturoper" title="Literaturoper">Literaturoper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism_(music)" title="Neoclassicism (music)">Neoclassicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenberg_hexachord" title="Schoenberg hexachord">Schoenberg hexachord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">Twelve-tone technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_music" title="Expressionist music">Expressionist music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alban_Berg" title="Category:Alban Berg">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modernist_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism_(music)" title="Template:Modernism (music)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modernism_(music)" title="Template talk:Modernism (music)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism_(music)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism (music)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modernist_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Modernist music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_modernist_composers" title="List of modernist composers">List of modernist composers</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Composers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Austria <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenek" title="Ernst Krenek">Krenek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Webern</a></li></ul></li> <li>Belgium <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Pousseur" title="Henri Pousseur">Pousseur</a></li></ul></li> <li>Czechia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alois_H%C3%A1ba" title="Alois Hába">Hába</a></li></ul></li> <li>Finland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Bergman" title="Erik Bergman">Bergman</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Henry" title="Pierre Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Jolivet" title="André Jolivet">Jolivet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Koechlin" title="Charles Koechlin">Koechlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Messiaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Milhaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Varèse</a></li></ul></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Reger" title="Max Reger">Reger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></li></ul></li> <li>Greece <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Skalkottas" title="Nikos Skalkottas">Skalkottas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hungary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Bartók</a></li></ul></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski" title="Karol Szymanowski">Szymanowski</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Prokofiev" title="Sergei Prokofiev">Prokofiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">Antheil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Carter" title="Elliott Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cowell" title="Henry Cowell">Cowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Ives</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Genres and<br />techniques</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atonality" title="Atonality">Atonality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_music" title="Expressionist music">Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(music)" title="Futurism (music)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtonal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtonal music">Microtonal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mode_of_limited_transposition" title="Mode of limited transposition">Modes of limited transposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotonality" title="Neotonality">Neotonality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Complexity" title="New Complexity">New Complexity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandiatonicism" title="Pandiatonicism">Pandiatonicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyrhythm" title="Polyrhythm">Polyrhythms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytonality" title="Polytonality">Polytonality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-romanticism" title="Post-romanticism">Post-romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_music" title="Process music">Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartal_and_quintal_harmony" title="Quartal and quintal harmony">Quartal and quintal harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serialism" title="Serialism">Serialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_mass" title="Sound mass">Sound mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_music" title="Spectral music">Spectral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stochastic" title="Stochastic">Stochastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_music" title="Surrealist music">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tone_cluster" title="Tone cluster">Tone cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">Twelve-tone technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Schools of composition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_School" title="Darmstadt School">Darmstadt School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"> ←<b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Romantic_music" title="Template:Romantic music">Romantic music</a></b></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Modernism_(music)" title="Category:Modernism (music)">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_Viennese_School" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Second_Viennese_School" title="Template:Second Viennese School"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Second_Viennese_School" title="Template talk:Second Viennese School"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_Viennese_School" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Second Viennese School"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Viennese_School" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Arnold Schoenberg</a> (1874-1951)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Vocal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vier_Lieder_(Schoenberg)" title="Vier Lieder (Schoenberg)">Vier Lieder</a></i>, Op. 2 (1899-1900)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Buch_der_h%C3%A4ngenden_G%C3%A4rten" class="mw-redirect" title="Das Buch der hängenden Gärten">Das Buch der hängenden Gärten</a></i>, Op. 15 (1907-1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herzgew%C3%A4chse" title="Herzgewächse">Herzgewächse</a></i>, Op. 20 (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pierrot_lunaire" title="Pierrot lunaire">Pierrot lunaire</a></i>, Op. 21 (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Orchestral_Songs" title="Four Orchestral Songs">Vier Lieder</a>, Op. 22 (1913-1916)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Chamber</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Verkl%C3%A4rte_Nacht" title="Verklärte Nacht">Verklärte Nacht</a></i>, Op. 4 (1899, 1916-1917 and 1943 <a href="/wiki/Arrangement_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrangement (music)">arr.</a> for <a href="/wiki/String_orchestra" title="String orchestra">str. orch.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartets_(Schoenberg)" title="String Quartets (Schoenberg)">String Quartet No. 1</a>, Op. 7 (1904-1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartets_(Schoenberg)" title="String Quartets (Schoenberg)">String Quartet No. 2 (with soprano)</a>, Op. 10 (1907-1908, 1919 and 1929 <a href="/wiki/Arrangement_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrangement (music)">arr.</a> for <a href="/wiki/String_orchestra" title="String orchestra">str. orch.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_Quintet_(Schoenberg)" title="Wind Quintet (Schoenberg)">Wind Quintet</a>, Op. 26 (1923-1924)</li> <li>Suite, Op. 29 (1925–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartets_(Schoenberg)" title="String Quartets (Schoenberg)">String Quartet No. 3</a>, Op. 30 (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartets_(Schoenberg)" title="String Quartets (Schoenberg)">String Quartet No. 4</a>, Op. 37 (1936)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Choral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gurre-Lieder" title="Gurre-Lieder">Gurre-Lieder</a></i>, Op. (1900-1903, <a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">orch.</a> 1910-1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Jakobsleiter" title="Die Jakobsleiter">Die Jakobsleiter</a></i> (1914–1922, rev. 1944)</li> <li>"Prelude" to <i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Suite" title="Genesis Suite">Genesis Suite</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Survivor_from_Warsaw" title="A Survivor from Warsaw">A Survivor from Warsaw</a></i>, Op. 46 (1947)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Orchestral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pelleas_und_Melisande_(Schoenberg)" title="Pelleas und Melisande (Schoenberg)">Pelleas und Melisande</a></i>, Op. 5 (1902-1903, rev. 1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_Symphony_No._1_(Schoenberg)" title="Chamber Symphony No. 1 (Schoenberg)">Chamber Symphony No. 1</a>, Op. 9 (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Pieces_for_Orchestra" title="Five Pieces for Orchestra">Fünf Orchesterstücke</a>, Op. 16 (1909, rev. 1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variations_for_Orchestra_(Schoenberg)" title="Variations for Orchestra (Schoenberg)">Variations for orchestra</a>, Op. 31 (1926-1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Begleitungsmusik_zu_einer_Lichtspielscene" title="Begleitungsmusik zu einer Lichtspielscene">Begleitungsmusik zu einer Lichtspielscene</a></i>, Op. 34 (1929-1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_Symphony_No._2_(Schoenberg)" title="Chamber Symphony No. 2 (Schoenberg)">Chamber Symphony No. 2</a>, Op. 38 (1906–1940) and Op. 38b (<a href="/wiki/Arrangement_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrangement (music)">arr.</a> for 2pf, 1941-1942)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Instrumental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drei_Klavierst%C3%BCcke_(Schoenberg)" title="Drei Klavierstücke (Schoenberg)">Drei Klavierstücke</a>, Op. 11 (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sechs_kleine_Klavierst%C3%BCcke" title="Sechs kleine Klavierstücke">Sechs kleine Klavierstücke</a>, Op. 19 (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Pieces_for_Piano" title="Five Pieces for Piano">Fünf Klavierstücke</a>, Op. 23 (1920-1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suite_for_Piano_(Schoenberg)" title="Suite for Piano (Schoenberg)">Suite für Klavier</a>, Op. 25 (1921-1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwei_Klavierst%C3%BCcke_(Schoenberg)" title="Zwei Klavierstücke (Schoenberg)">Klavierstücke</a>, Op. 33a (1928-1929) and Op. 33b (1931)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Opera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Erwartung" title="Erwartung">Erwartung</a></i>, Op. 17 (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_gl%C3%BCckliche_Hand" title="Die glückliche Hand">Die glückliche Hand</a></i>, Op. 18 (1910-1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Von_heute_auf_morgen" title="Von heute auf morgen">Von heute auf morgen</a></i>, Op. 32 (1928-1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moses_und_Aron" title="Moses und Aron">Moses und Aron</a></i> (1930–32, compl. <a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Kocsis" title="Zoltán Kocsis">Kocsis</a> 2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Concertante</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Schoenberg)" title="Violin Concerto (Schoenberg)">Violin Concerto</a>, Op. 36 (1934-1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_(Schoenberg)" title="Piano Concerto (Schoenberg)">Piano Concerto</a>, Op. 42 (1942)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Text</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg#Textbooks" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Harmonielehre</a></i> (1910-1911, rev. 1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Drama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_biblische_Weg" title="Der biblische Weg">Der biblische Weg</a></i> (1922-1927)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a> (1883-1945)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langsamer_Satz" title="Langsamer Satz">Langsamer Satz</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia_(Webern)" title="Passacaglia (Webern)">Passacaglia</a>, Op. 1 (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_(Webern)" title="Symphony (Webern)">Symphony</a>, Op. 21 (1927-1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto_for_Nine_Instruments_(Webern)" title="Concerto for Nine Instruments (Webern)">Concerto for Nine Instruments</a>, Op. 24 (1931-1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variations_for_piano_(Webern)" title="Variations for piano (Webern)">Variations for piano</a>, Op. 27 (1935-1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_(Webern)" title="String Quartet (Webern)">String Quartet</a>, Op. 28 (1937–38)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alban Berg</a> (1885-1935)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Schlie%C3%9Fe_mir_die_Augen_beide" title="Schließe mir die Augen beide">Schließe mir die Augen beide</a>" (first setting, 1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Early_Songs_(Berg)" title="Seven Early Songs (Berg)">Seven Early Songs</a> (1905-1908, <a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">orch.</a> 1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_(Berg)" title="Piano Sonata (Berg)">Piano Sonata</a>, Op. 1 (1907-1908, rev. 1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_(Berg)" title="String Quartet (Berg)">String Quartet</a>, Op. 3 (1910, rev. 1924)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Altenberg_Lieder" title="Altenberg Lieder">Altenberg Lieder</a></i>, Op. 4 (1911-1912, iv <a href="/wiki/Arrangement_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrangement (music)">rearr.</a> 1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Pieces_for_Orchestra_(Berg)" title="Three Pieces for Orchestra (Berg)">Three Orchestral Pieces</a>, Op. 6 (1913-1915, rev. 1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wozzeck" title="Wozzeck">Wozzeck</a></i>, Op. 7 (1914-1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerkonzert_(Berg)" title="Kammerkonzert (Berg)">Kammerkonzert</a> (1923-1935; ii "Adagio" <a href="/wiki/Arrangement_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrangement (music)">arr.</a> for cl, vl, pf 1935)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Schlie%C3%9Fe_mir_die_Augen_beide" title="Schließe mir die Augen beide">Schließe mir die Augen beide</a>" (second setting, 1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lyric_Suite_(Berg)" title="Lyric Suite (Berg)">Lyric Suite</a></i> (1925-1926 for <a href="/wiki/String_quartet" title="String quartet">string quartet</a>, 1928 ii-iv <a href="/wiki/Arrangement_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrangement (music)">arr.</a> for <a href="/wiki/String_orchestra" title="String orchestra">str. orch.</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(opera)" title="Lulu (opera)">Lulu</a></i> (1928-1935, <a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">orch.</a> compl. <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Cerha" title="Friedrich Cerha">Cerha</a> 1962-1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Wein" title="Der Wein">Der Wein</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Berg)" title="Violin Concerto (Berg)">Violin Concerto</a> (1935, rev. ed. Douglas Jarman 1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sch%C3%B6nberg_Complete_Edition" title="Arnold Schönberg Complete Edition">Arnold Schönberg Complete Edition</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%22Ode-to-Napoleon%22_hexachord" title=""Ode-to-Napoleon" hexachord">6-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenberg_hexachord" title="Schoenberg hexachord">6-Z44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Theodor W. 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Twelve-tone_composers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Twelve-tone composers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Twelve-tone_and_serial_composers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">Twelve-tone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serialism" title="Serialism">serial</a> composers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Abrahamsen" title="Hans Abrahamsen">Hans Abrahamsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Amy" title="Gilbert Amy">Gilbert Amy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Andriessen" title="Louis Andriessen">Louis Andriessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_ApIvor" title="Denis ApIvor">Denis ApIvor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Erich_Apostel" title="Hans Erich Apostel">Hans Erich Apostel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_van_Baaren" title="Kees van Baaren">Kees van Baaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osvaldas_Balakauskas" title="Osvaldas Balakauskas">Osvaldas Balakauskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Banks" title="Don Banks">Don Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Barraqu%C3%A9" title="Jean Barraqué">Jean Barraqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barrett_(composer)" title="Richard Barrett (composer)">Richard Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrg_Baur" title="Jürg Baur">Jürg Baur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Berger_(composer)" title="Arthur Berger (composer)">Arthur Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Bergman" title="Erik Bergman">Erik Bergman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Luciano Berio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Boehmer" title="Konrad Boehmer">Konrad Boehmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Boucourechliev" title="André Boucourechliev">André Boucourechliev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Boykan" title="Martin Boykan">Martin Boykan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole_Buck" title="Ole Buck">Ole Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Calonne" title="Jacques Calonne">Jacques Calonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Castiglioni" title="Niccolò Castiglioni">Niccolò Castiglioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Clementi" title="Aldo Clementi">Aldo Clementi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cowell" title="Henry Cowell">Henry Cowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Dallapiccola" title="Luigi Dallapiccola">Luigi Dallapiccola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Goeyvaerts" title="Karel Goeyvaerts">Karel Goeyvaerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_G%C3%B3recki" title="Henryk Górecki">Henryk Górecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Matthias_Hauer" title="Josef Matthias Hauer">Josef Matthias Hauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Johnston_(composer)" title="Ben Johnston (composer)">Ben Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Michael_Koenig" title="Gottfried Michael Koenig">Gottfried Michael Koenig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenek" title="Ernst Krenek">Ernst Krenek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Witold Lutosławski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Maderna" title="Bruno Maderna">Bruno Maderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Martino" title="Donald Martino">Donald Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nono" title="Luigi Nono">Luigi Nono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Paz" title="Juan Carlos Paz">Juan Carlos Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Penderecki" title="Krzysztof Penderecki">Krzysztof Penderecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Perle" title="George Perle">George Perle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Pousseur" title="Henri Pousseur">Henri Pousseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einojuhani_Rautavaara" title="Einojuhani Rautavaara">Einojuhani Rautavaara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Searle" title="Humphrey Searle">Humphrey Searle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alban Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Arnold Schoenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sessions" title="Roger Sessions">Roger Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Skalkottas" title="Nikos Skalkottas">Nikos Skalkottas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Swift_(composer)" title="Richard Swift (composer)">Richard Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wuorinen" title="Charles Wuorinen">Charles Wuorinen</a></li> <li>...<i><a href="/wiki/List_of_dodecaphonic_and_serial_compositions" title="List of dodecaphonic and serial compositions">more</a></i>...</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/42px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Austria" title="Portal:Austria">Austria</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/7px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/14px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78475#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78475#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78475#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120959444">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/37101072">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/2155/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdgYrrvDKR4CBkqPjb8G3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118509322">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50007790">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13891383d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13891383d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620354">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Berg, Alban"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV029827">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35017609">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000600819&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX993287">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/45930">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07027505X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90171035">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000037592&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000127851&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000039189">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=64292">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199602266">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/khwzzn8334bcjh0">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810566078505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/202426">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258532005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000189696">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521678006706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14655966">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01391559?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500242092">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/f61c909a-db95-4a61-bc23-65a86e0d2907">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/219191">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adk.de/de/akademie/mitglieder/?we_objectID=52889">ADK</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brahms.ircam.fr/alban-berg">BRAHMS</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmlo.de/b1288">BMLO</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/792147">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118509322.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118509322">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027281337">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66q1vn5">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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Template:Short_description"," 7.10% 118.781 1 Template:IPA"," 6.66% 111.390 2 Template:Navbox_musical_artist"," 6.28% 105.156 1 Template:Alban_Berg"," 6.18% 103.326 18 Template:Pluralize_from_text"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.953","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20450099,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdornoBerg2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnna_Nahowski1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAntokoletz2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArmin_Sattler2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaron2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreivik1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBruhn1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEwen1952\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHailey2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHailey2010a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeadlam2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJarman1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJarman1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJarman1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJarman1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJarman2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2006\"] = 1,\n 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