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Éfaté du Sud — Wikipédia

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vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Prononciation et écriture</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prononciation_et_écriture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voyelles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voyelles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Voyelles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voyelles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Consonnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Phonologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammaire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammaire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Grammaire</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammaire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Grammaire</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammaire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Numéraux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numéraux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Numéraux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numéraux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronoms_personnels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronoms_personnels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pronoms personnels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronoms_personnels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pronoms_indépendants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronoms_indépendants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Pronoms indépendants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronoms_indépendants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Possession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Possession_directe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possession_directe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Possession directe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possession_directe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possession_indirecte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possession_indirecte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Possession indirecte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possession_indirecte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exemples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exemples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Exemples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exemples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Éfaté du Sud</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 10 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafsan_language" title="Nafsan language – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nafsan language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_nafsan" title="Idioma nafsan – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma nafsan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B5unaefate_keel" title="Lõunaefate keel – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lõunaefate keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshen_Nafsan" title="Harshen Nafsan – haoussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harshen Nafsan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haoussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erakor_jezik" title="Erakor jezik – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Erakor jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Nafsan" title="Pagsasao a Nafsan – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Nafsan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E3%82%A8%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%86%E8%AA%9E" title="南エファテ語 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="南エファテ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_efate_po%C5%82udniowy" title="Język efate południowy – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język efate południowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Efate_meridional" title="Lenga Efate meridional – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Efate meridional" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiefate-Kusini" title="Kiefate-Kusini – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiefate-Kusini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3449070#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;oldid=186041632" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&amp;page=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;id=186041632&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25C3%2589fat%25C3%25A9_du_Sud"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25C3%2589fat%25C3%25A9_du_Sud"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=%C3%89fat%C3%A9+du+Sud"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3449070" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete bd" style="background-color:#FFC0CB;color:black;">Éfaté du Sud<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r160408458">.mw-parser-output .entete.bd{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><th scope="row">Pays </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Région </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89fat%C3%A9" title="Éfaté">Éfaté</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nombre de locuteurs </th> <td>6&#160;000<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFC0CB; color:#000000">Classification par famille</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_austron%C3%A9siennes" title="Langues austronésiennes">langues austronésiennes</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_malayo-polyn%C3%A9siennes" title="Langues malayo-polynésiennes">langues malayo-polynésiennes</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_malayo-polyn%C3%A9siennes_centrales-orientales" title="Langues malayo-polynésiennes centrales-orientales">langues malayo-polynésiennes centrales-orientales</a> <small>(hypothétique)</small><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> langues malayo-polynésiennes orientales<ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_oc%C3%A9aniennes" title="Langues océaniennes">langues océaniennes</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_oc%C3%A9aniennes_centrales_et_orientales" title="Langues océaniennes centrales et orientales">langues océaniennes centrales et orientales</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_oc%C3%A9aniennes_du_Sud" title="Langues océaniennes du Sud">langues océaniennes du Sud</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_du_nord_et_du_centre_du_Vanuatu" title="Langues du nord et du centre du Vanuatu">langues du nord et du centre du Vanuatu</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <b>éfaté du Sud</b></li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFC0CB; color:#000000">Codes de langue</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tiquette_d%27identification_de_langues_IETF" title="Étiquette d&#39;identification de langues IETF">IETF</a> </th> <td><code>erk</code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span> </th> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=erk">erk</a></code> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="display:none;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #FFC0CB solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Langue" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>L’<b>éfaté du Sud</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Langue_austron%C3%A9sienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Langue austronésienne">langue austronésienne</a> parlée dans le centre du <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>, sur la côte méridionale de l’île d’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89fat%C3%A9" title="Éfaté">Éfaté</a>. Il appartient à la branche <a href="/wiki/Langue_oc%C3%A9anienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Langue océanienne">océanienne</a> des langues austronésiennes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prononciation_et_écriture"><span id="Prononciation_et_.C3.A9criture"></span>Prononciation et écriture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Prononciation et écriture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Prononciation et écriture"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’éfaté du Sud s’écrit avec une variante de l’alphabet latin complété de <a href="/wiki/Diacritique" title="Diacritique">diacritiques</a>. Les <a href="/wiki/Graph%C3%A8mes" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphèmes">graphèmes</a> sont indiqués ci-dessous avec la prononciation correspondante<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voyelles">Voyelles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Voyelles" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voyelles"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_ant%C3%A9rieure" title="Voyelle antérieure">Antérieures</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_centrale" title="Voyelle centrale">Centrale</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_post%C3%A9rieure" title="Voyelle postérieure">Postérieures</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_ferm%C3%A9e" title="Voyelle fermée">Fermées</a> </th> <td>i [<a href="/wiki/API_i" class="mw-redirect" title="API i"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">i</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td>u [<a href="/wiki/API_u" class="mw-redirect" title="API u"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">u</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_moyenne" title="Voyelle moyenne">Moyennes</a> </th> <td>e [<a href="/wiki/API_e" class="mw-redirect" title="API e"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">e</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td>o [<a href="/wiki/API_o" class="mw-redirect" title="API o"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">o</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_ouverte" title="Voyelle ouverte">Ouverte</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>a [<a href="/wiki/API_a" class="mw-redirect" title="API a"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">a</span></a>] </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Les voyelles ont de nombreux <a href="/wiki/Allophone_(phonologie)" title="Allophone (phonologie)">allophones</a>, selon les sons environnants<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a 2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&#160;: </p> <ul><li>/e/ se prononce [<a href="/wiki/API_e" class="mw-redirect" title="API e"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">e</span></a>] avant une autre voyelle et [<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɛ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">ɛ</span></a>] ailleurs&#160;;</li> <li>/i/ se prononce&#160;: <ul><li>[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%99" class="mw-redirect" title="API ə"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">ə</span></a>] ou [<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɨ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">ɨ</span></a>] dans une syllabe non accentuée et au contact d’une <a href="/wiki/Consonne_v%C3%A9laire" title="Consonne vélaire">vélaire</a>,</li> <li>[<a href="/wiki/API_j" class="mw-redirect" title="API j"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">j</span></a>] après un <i>a</i>, en début de syllabe suivi d’une voyelle (<i>napiau</i>, «&#160;houle&#160;»&#160;: <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">[ˈnap.jau]</span>) et entre une consonne et deux voyelles,</li> <li>[<a href="/wiki/API_i" class="mw-redirect" title="API i"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">i</span></a>] ailleurs&#160;;</li></ul></li> <li>/o/ se prononce [<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɔ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">ɔ</span></a>] avant <i>r</i>, [<a href="/wiki/API_%CA%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʊ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">ʊ</span></a>] après une voyelle et [<a href="/wiki/API_o" class="mw-redirect" title="API o"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">o</span></a>] ailleurs&#160;;</li> <li>/u/ se prononce&#160;: <ul><li>[<a href="/wiki/API_%CA%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʊ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">ʊ</span></a>] dans une syllabe non accentuée,</li> <li>[<a href="/wiki/API_w" class="mw-redirect" title="API w"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">w</span></a>] après un <i>a</i>, en début de syllabe suivi d’une voyelle et entre une consonne et deux voyelles (<i>twei</i>, «&#160;il y a longtemps&#160;»&#160;: [twei]),</li> <li>[<a href="/wiki/API_u" class="mw-redirect" title="API u"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">u</span></a>] ailleurs.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonnes">Consonnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Consonnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Consonnes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_labio-v%C3%A9laire" title="Consonne labio-vélaire">Labio-vélaires</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_labio-dentale" title="Consonne labio-dentale">Labio-dentale</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_bilabiale" title="Consonne bilabiale">Bilabiales</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_palatale" title="Consonne palatale">Palatale</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_alv%C3%A9olaire" title="Consonne alvéolaire">Alvéolaires</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_v%C3%A9laire" title="Consonne vélaire">Vélaires</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_occlusive" title="Consonne occlusive">Occlusives</a> </th> <td>p̃ [<a href="/wiki/API_k%CD%A1p" class="mw-redirect" title="API k͡p"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">k͡p</span></a>]</td> <td></td> <td>p [<a href="/wiki/API_p" class="mw-redirect" title="API p"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">p</span></a>]</td> <td></td> <td>t [<a href="/wiki/API_t" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">t</span></a>]</td> <td>k [<a href="/wiki/API_k" class="mw-redirect" title="API k"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">k</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_fricative" title="Consonne fricative">Fricatives</a> </th> <td></td> <td>f [<a href="/wiki/API_f" class="mw-redirect" title="API f"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">f</span></a>]</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>s [<a href="/wiki/API_s" class="mw-redirect" title="API s"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">s</span></a>]</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_nasale" title="Consonne nasale">Nasales</a> </th> <td>m̃ [<a href="/wiki/API_%C5%8B%CD%A1m" class="mw-redirect" title="API ŋ͡m"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">ŋ͡m</span></a>]</td> <td></td> <td>m [<a href="/wiki/API_m" class="mw-redirect" title="API m"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">m</span></a>]</td> <td></td> <td>n [<a href="/wiki/API_n" class="mw-redirect" title="API n"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">n</span></a>]</td> <td>g [<a href="/wiki/API_%C5%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="API ŋ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">ŋ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_lat%C3%A9rale" title="Consonne latérale">Latérale</a> </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>l [<a href="/wiki/API_l" class="mw-redirect" title="API l"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">l</span></a>]</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_roul%C3%A9e" title="Consonne roulée">Roulée</a> </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>r [<a href="/wiki/API_r" class="mw-redirect" title="API r"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">r</span></a>]</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Roulée <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9nasalisation" title="Prénasalisation">prénasalisée</a> </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>nr [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_n%CD%A1r&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="API n͡r (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">n͡r</span></a>]</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Semi-voyelle" title="Semi-voyelle">Semi-voyelles</a> </th> <td>w [<a href="/wiki/API_w" class="mw-redirect" title="API w"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">w</span></a>]</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>y [<a href="/wiki/API_j" class="mw-redirect" title="API j"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">j</span></a>]</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">/k͡p/</span> est parfois prononcé [kp], c’est-à-dire <i>k</i> puis <i>p</i> au lieu des deux en même temps, et parfois seulement [p] ou [k]<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a 3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. De même, <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">/ŋ͡m/</span> peut être prononcé [ŋm] ou simplement [m]<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a 4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phonologie">Phonologie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Phonologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Phonologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les <a href="/wiki/Syllabe" title="Syllabe">syllabes</a> en éfaté du Sud sont complexes et peuvent commencer par des groupes de consonnes inhabituels, comme dans les mots <i>ntm̃at</i> («&#160;paix&#160;») ou <i>fnau</i> («&#160;prêcher&#160;»). Elles peuvent contenir jusqu’à deux voyelles<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a 5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L’<a href="/wiki/Accent_tonique" title="Accent tonique">accent tonique</a> tombe le plus souvent sur la première syllabe, mais sur la deuxième syllabe dans les mots qui commencent par l’article <i>na-</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a 6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammaire">Grammaire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Grammaire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Grammaire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numéraux"><span id="Num.C3.A9raux"></span>Numéraux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Numéraux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Numéraux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’éfaté du Sud utilise un système en <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%C3%A9cimal" title="Système décimal">base 10</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Adjectif_num%C3%A9ral" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjectif numéral">Numéraux</a> en éfaté du Sud </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Cardinaux</th> <th colspan="2">Ordinaux </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>iskei</td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr></td> <td>pei </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>inru, nran, nru</td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr></td> <td>karu </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>itol</td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr></td> <td>katol </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>ipat</td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Quatrième">4<sup>e</sup></abbr></td> <td>kafat </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>ilim</td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Cinquième">5<sup>e</sup></abbr></td> <td>kalim </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>ilates</td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Sixième">6<sup>e</sup></abbr></td> <td>klates </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>ilaru</td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Septième">7<sup>e</sup></abbr></td> <td>klaru </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>ilatol</td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Huitième">8<sup>e</sup></abbr></td> <td>klatol </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>ilfot</td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Neuvième">9<sup>e</sup></abbr></td> <td>kilfot </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>ralim iskei</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>tifli iskei </td></tr> <tr> <td>1&#160;000</td> <td>p̃on iskei </td></tr> <tr> <td>1&#160;000&#160;000</td> <td>p̃onti iskei </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Les numéraux entre 10 et 99 sont formés avec <i>ralim</i> suivi du chiffre des dizaines, du mot <i>atmat</i> et des unités&#160;: par exemple, 23 se dit <i>ralim inru atmat itol</i>, littéralement «&#160;dix deux et trois&#160;». </p><p>Cependant, de nos jours, on compte le plus souvent en <a href="/wiki/Bichelamar" title="Bichelamar">bichelamar</a> et les locuteurs, surtout les plus jeunes, ne connaissent pas toujours les nombres élevés en éfaté du Sud<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a 7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronoms_personnels">Pronoms personnels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Pronoms personnels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Pronoms personnels"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les <a href="/wiki/Pronom_personnel" title="Pronom personnel">pronoms personnels</a> n’ont pas de distinction de <a href="/wiki/Genre_grammatical" title="Genre grammatical">genre</a>, mais l’éfaté du Sud fait la différence entre le <a href="/wiki/%C2%AB_nous_%C2%BB_exclusif_et_inclusif" class="mw-redirect" title="« nous » exclusif et inclusif">«&#160;nous&#160;» exclusif et inclusif</a>. Il y a aussi une distinction de <a href="/wiki/Nombre_grammatical" class="mw-redirect" title="Nombre grammatical">nombre</a>&#160;: singulier, pluriel et, dans certains cas, duel. </p><p>Les pronoms personnels existent sous une forme indépendante et une forme liée, ces derniers étant attachés au verbe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pronoms_indépendants"><span id="Pronoms_ind.C3.A9pendants"></span>Pronoms indépendants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Pronoms indépendants" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Pronoms indépendants"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il y a deux formes de pronoms indépendants&#160;: les pronoms focaux peuvent servir de <a href="/wiki/Sujet_(grammaire)" title="Sujet (grammaire)">sujet</a> et d’objet, les pronoms obliques servent de <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9factif" title="Bénéfactif">bénéfactifs</a> et de possessifs. Ces derniers sont issus du pronom focal avec la préposition <i>nig</i> («&#160;de&#160;»)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a 8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Pronoms indépendants en éfaté du Sud </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Personne</th> <th>Pronom focal</th> <th>Pronom oblique </th></tr> <tr> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> sg. </th> <td>kineu, neu</td> <td>(nig)neu </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> sg. </th> <td>ag</td> <td>(ne)gag </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> sg. </th> <td>ga</td> <td>(ne)ga </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> incl. pl. </th> <td>akit</td> <td>(ne)gakit </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> excl. pl. </th> <td>komam</td> <td>(nig)mam </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> pl. </th> <td>akam</td> <td>(ne)gamus </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> pl. </th> <td>gar</td> <td>(ne)gar </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possession">Possession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier la section : Possession" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Possession"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il existe en éfaté du Sud deux manières d’indiquer la possession<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a 9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&#160;: </p> <ul><li>certains noms sont directement suivis d’un suffixe possessif&#160;;</li> <li>d’autres noms doivent être suivis d’un pronom possessif.</li></ul> <p>Le type de construction utilisée dépend du nom employé. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Possession_directe">Possession directe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier la section : Possession directe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Possession directe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il existe environ 124 mots qui admettent la possession directe. Ce sont des mots qui désignent principalement des parties du corps (<i>ntawot</i>, «&#160;os&#160;»), des relations familiales (<i>p̃al</i>, «&#160;frère&#160;») ou des concepts associés à un objet ou une personne (<i>nagi</i>, «&#160;nom&#160;»). </p><p>Quand le possesseur doit être exprimé par un pronom, le nom possédé prend alors un suffixe possessif&#160;: <i>nar-u-<b>n</b></i> («&#160;sa main&#160;»), <i>namt-e-<b>r</b></i> («&#160;leurs yeux&#160;»). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Suffixes possessifs<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a 10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Personne</th> <th>Singulier</th> <th>Pluriel </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr></th> <th>Inclusive </th> <td>—</td> <td>-kit </td></tr> <tr> <th>Exclusive </th> <td>-k</td> <td>-mam, -mom, -m </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> </th> <td>-m</td> <td>-mus </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> </th> <td>-n</td> <td>-r </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Quand le possesseur est exprimé par un nom, celui-ci suit le nom possédé sans suffixe&#160;: <i>rait-o-<b>m</b></i> («&#160;ta mère&#160;») mais <i>rait tesa</i> («&#160;la mère de l’enfant&#160;»). </p><p>Contrairement à d’autres langues telles que le <a href="/wiki/Mwotlap" title="Mwotlap">mwotlap</a> où les noms à possession directe sont obligatoirement possédés, en éfaté du Sud, ils peuvent apparaître sans possesseur&#160;: dans <i>nra-<b>n</b></i> («&#160;son sang&#160;»), le suffixe possessif indique que le sang est toujours dans le corps de son possesseur, mais dans <i>nra</i> (sans suffixe), le sang est en dehors du corps<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a 11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Possession_indirecte">Possession indirecte</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier la section : Possession indirecte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Possession indirecte"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La grande majorité des noms emploient une syntaxe différente pour indiquer la possession. Quand le possesseur est humain et exprimé par un pronom, celui-ci est indiqué par un pronom personnel oblique&#160;: <i>nam̃olien <b>neu</b></i> («&#160;ma vie&#160;»). Quand il est exprimé par un nom, on utilise la <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9position" title="Préposition">préposition</a> <i>ni</i>, traduite par «&#160;de&#160;»&#160;: <i>plisman <b>ni</b> natkon</i> («&#160;le policier du village&#160;»). </p><p>Les inanimés sont incompatibles avec les pronoms personnels&#160;: pour traduire «&#160;son&#160;» quand le possesseur n’est pas humain, on emploie <i>knen</i> au lieu d’un pronom<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a 12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exemples">Exemples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifier la section : Exemples" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Exemples"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Quelques mots en éfaté du Sud<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Mot</th> <th>Traduction </th></tr> <tr> <td>terre</td> <td>emeromen </td></tr> <tr> <td>ciel</td> <td>nmalfa </td></tr> <tr> <td>eau</td> <td>nai </td></tr> <tr> <td>feu</td> <td>nkap </td></tr> <tr> <td>homme</td> <td>nanwei </td></tr> <tr> <td>femme</td> <td>nmatu </td></tr> <tr> <td>manger</td> <td>pam </td></tr> <tr> <td>boire</td> <td>min </td></tr> <tr> <td>grand</td> <td>lep </td></tr> <tr> <td>petit</td> <td>rik </td></tr> <tr> <td>nuit</td> <td>p̃og </td></tr> <tr> <td>jour</td> <td>aliat </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Issues de <a href="#Thieberger2006">N. Thieberger, <i>A Grammar of South Efate</i></a></b></li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:24em; column-count:3;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">p. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">pp 54–55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">pp. 49–50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">pp. 57–59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">pp. 65–66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">p. 76–78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">pp. 103–106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">p. 127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">p. 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">p. 129–132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">p. 127–129</span> </li> </ol> </div> <ul><li><b>Autres sources et notes</b></li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Lynch2000">J. Lynch, <i>South Efate Phonological History</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Thieberger2011">N. Thieberger, <i>A South Efate Dictionary</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Lynch2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_Lynch2000"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/John_Lynch_(linguiste)" title="John Lynch (linguiste)">John <span class="nom_auteur">Lynch</span></a>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">South Efate Phonological History</cite>&#160;», <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanic_Linguistics&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oceanic Linguistics (page inexistante)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Oceanic Linguistics</span></a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;39, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;2,&#8206; <time>2000</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0029-8115">0029-8115</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=South+Efate+Phonological+History&amp;rft.jtitle=Oceanic+Linguistics&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Lynch&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.volume=39&amp;rft.issn=0029-8115&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89fat%C3%A9+du+Sud"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Thieberger2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicholas_Thieberger2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Nicholas <span class="nom_auteur">Thieberger</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A Grammar of South Efate&#160;: An Oceanic Language of Vanuatu</cite>, <time>2006</time>, 384&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/082483061X" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/082483061X"><span class="nowrap">082483061X</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=DugEkKd3koEC">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+South+Efate&amp;rft.stitle=An+Oceanic+Language+of+Vanuatu&amp;rft.aulast=Thieberger&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicholas&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.tpages=384&amp;rft.isbn=082483061X&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89fat%C3%A9+du+Sud"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Thieberger2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicholas_Thieberger2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Nicholas <span class="nom_auteur">Thieberger</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A South Efate Dictionary</cite>, <time>2011</time>, 132&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-92-177551-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-92-177551-2"><span class="nowrap">978-1-92-177551-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/9735">présentation en ligne</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/researchfile269229.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+South+Efate+Dictionary&amp;rft.aulast=Thieberger&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicholas&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.tpages=132&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-92-177551-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89fat%C3%A9+du+Sud"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_langues" title="Liste de langues">liste de langues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_par_famille" title="Langues par famille">langues par famille</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_austron%C3%A9siennes" title="Langues austronésiennes">langues austronésiennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_malayo-polyn%C3%A9siennes" title="Langues malayo-polynésiennes">langues malayo-polynésiennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_malayo-polyn%C3%A9siennes_centrales-orientales" title="Langues malayo-polynésiennes centrales-orientales">langues malayo-polynésiennes centrales-orientales</a> <ul><li>langues malayo-polynésiennes orientales <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_oc%C3%A9aniennes" title="Langues océaniennes">langues océaniennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_oc%C3%A9aniennes_centrales_et_orientales" title="Langues océaniennes centrales et orientales">langues océaniennes centrales et orientales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_oc%C3%A9aniennes_du_Sud" title="Langues océaniennes du Sud">langues océaniennes du Sud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_du_nord_et_du_centre_du_Vanuatu" title="Langues du nord et du centre du Vanuatu">langues du nord et du centre du Vanuatu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langues_par_zone_g%C3%A9ographique" title="Langues par zone géographique">langues par zone géographique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_au_Vanuatu" title="Langues au Vanuatu">langues au Vanuatu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia&#160;:</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%A9fat%C3%A9_du_Sud" class="extiw" title="wikt:Catégorie:éfaté du Sud">Catégorie:éfaté du Sud</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><cite class="ouvrage" id="ethnologueerk"><span style="font-style: normal;"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/erk">Fiche langue</a> <code>&#91;erk&#93;</code> dans la base de données linguistique&#160;<i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue,_Languages_of_the_World" title="Ethnologue, Languages of the World"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Ethnologue</span></a>.</i></span></cite></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paradisec.org.au/SELexicon/index-english/main.htm">Dictionnaire éfaté du Sud-anglais</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eopas.org/transcripts?language_code=erk">Enregistrements en éfaté du Sud</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Langues_du_Vanuatu" title="Modèle:Palette Langues du Vanuatu"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Langues_du_Vanuatu&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Langues du Vanuatu</div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Langues officielles</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bichelamar" title="Bichelamar">Bichelamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais">Anglais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Français">Français</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Langues indigènes</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Langues_du_Centre_du_Vanuatu" title="Langues du Centre du Vanuatu">Centre du Vanuatu</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Éfaté du Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_(langue_oc%C3%A9anienne)" title="Eton (langue océanienne)">Eton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelepa_(langue)" title="Lelepa (langue)">Lelepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakanamanga" title="Nakanamanga">Nakanamanga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namakir_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Namakir (langue) (page inexistante)">Namakir</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namakir_language" class="extiw" title="en:Namakir language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Namakir language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_de_l%27Est_du_Vanuatu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues de l&#39;Est du Vanuatu (page inexistante)">Est du Vanuatu</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Vanuatu_languages" class="extiw" title="en:East Vanuatu languages"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;East Vanuatu languages&#160;»">(en)</span></a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Torres-Banks</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alo-Teqel_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alo-Teqel (langue) (page inexistante)">Alo-Teqel</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alo-Teqel_language" class="extiw" title="en:Alo-Teqel language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Alo-Teqel language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorig" title="Dorig">Dorig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiw_(langue)" title="Hiw (langue)">Hiw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koro_(langue_du_Vanuatu)" title="Koro (langue du Vanuatu)">Koro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakon" title="Lakon">Lakon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehali" title="Lehali">Lehali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemerig" title="Lemerig">Lemerig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-toga" title="Lo-toga">Lo-Toga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6y%C3%B6p" title="Löyöp">Löyöp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mota_(langue)" title="Mota (langue)">Mota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwerlap" title="Mwerlap">Mwerlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwesen" title="Mwesen">Mwesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwotlap" title="Mwotlap">Mwotlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nume" title="Nume">Nume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olrat" title="Olrat">Olrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera%27a" title="Vera&#39;a">Vera'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volow" title="Volow">Volow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vur%C3%ABs" title="Vurës">Vurës</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Penama</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apma" title="Apma">Apma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baetora" title="Baetora">Baetora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maewo_central" title="Maewo central">Maewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambae_de_l%27Est" title="Ambae de l&#39;Est">Ambae de l'Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrym_du_Nord" title="Ambrym du Nord">Ambrym du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hano" title="Hano">Raga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_(langue)" title="Sa (langue)">Sa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ske_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ske (langue) (page inexistante)">Ske</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ske_language" class="extiw" title="en:Ske language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Ske language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sowa_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sowa (langue) (page inexistante)">Sowa</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowa_language" class="extiw" title="en:Sowa language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Sowa language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungwadia" title="Sungwadia">Sungwadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambae_de_l%27Ouest" title="Ambae de l&#39;Ouest">Ambae de l'Ouest</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Paama–Ambrym</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dakaka" title="Dakaka">Dakaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonwolwol" title="Lonwolwol">Lonwolwol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orkon_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Orkon (langue) (page inexistante)">Orkon</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkon_language" class="extiw" title="en:Orkon language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Orkon language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paama_(langue)" title="Paama (langue)">Paama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-vato" title="Port-vato">Port-vato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrym_du_Sud-Est" title="Ambrym du Sud-Est">Ambrym du Sud-Est</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_Epi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues Epi (page inexistante)">Epi</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epi_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Epi languages"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Epi languages&#160;»">(en)</span></a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baki_(langue)" title="Baki (langue)">Baki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bierebo" title="Bierebo">Bierebo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bieria_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bieria (langue) (page inexistante)">Bieria</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bieria_language" class="extiw" title="en:Bieria language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Bieria language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamenu" title="Lamenu">Lamenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewo" title="Lewo">Lewo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maii_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maii (langue) (page inexistante)">Maii</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maii_language" class="extiw" title="en:Maii language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Maii language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Malekula</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_c%C3%B4ti%C3%A8re_Malekula&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Langue côtière Malekula (page inexistante)">Côtière</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malekula_Coastal_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Malekula Coastal languages"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Malekula Coastal languages&#160;»">(en)</span></a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atchin_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Atchin (langue) (page inexistante)">Atchin</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atchin_language" class="extiw" title="en:Atchin language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Atchin language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulua" title="Aulua">Aulua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axamb" title="Axamb">Axamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmbar" title="Burmbar">Burmbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_(langue)" title="Mae (langue)">Mae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malfaxal_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Malfaxal (langue) (page inexistante)">Malfaxal</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malfaxal_language" class="extiw" title="en:Malfaxal language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Malfaxal language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malua_Bay_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Malua Bay (langue) (page inexistante)">Malua Bay</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malua_Bay_language" class="extiw" title="en:Malua Bay language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Malua Bay language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskelynes" title="Maskelynes">Maskelynes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mpotovoro_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mpotovoro (langue) (page inexistante)">Mpotovoro</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpotovoro_language" class="extiw" title="en:Mpotovoro language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Mpotovoro language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahavaq" title="Nahavaq">Nahavaq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A4ti_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Näti (langue) (page inexistante)">Näti</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4ti_language" class="extiw" title="en:Näti language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Näti language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nese_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nese (langue) (page inexistante)">Nese</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nese_language" class="extiw" title="en:Nese language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Nese language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unua" title="Unua">Unua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rerep" title="Rerep">Rerep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-sandwich" title="Port-sandwich">Port Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uripiv-wala-rano-atchin" title="Uripiv-wala-rano-atchin">Uripiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vao_(langue)" title="Vao (langue)">Vao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wala-Rano_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wala-Rano (langue) (page inexistante)">Wala-Rano</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wala-Rano_language" class="extiw" title="en:Wala-Rano language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Wala-Rano language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Langues_du_nord_et_du_centre_du_Vanuatu" title="Langues du nord et du centre du Vanuatu">Nord et Centre</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labo_(langue)" title="Labo (langue)">Labo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letemboi" title="Letemboi">Letemboi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repanbitip_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Repanbitip (langue) (page inexistante)">Repanbitip</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repanbitip_language" class="extiw" title="en:Repanbitip language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Repanbitip language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dixon_Reef_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dixon Reef (langue) (page inexistante)">Dixon Reef</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixon_Reef_language" class="extiw" title="en:Dixon Reef language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Dixon Reef language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasarian_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasarian (langue) (page inexistante)">Nasarian</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasarian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Nasarian language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Nasarian language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katbol" title="Katbol">Katbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingarak" title="Lingarak">Lingarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinmavis" title="Vinmavis">Vinmavis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litzlitz_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Litzlitz (langue) (page inexistante)">Litzlitz</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litzlitz_language" class="extiw" title="en:Litzlitz language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Litzlitz language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larevat" title="Larevat">Larevat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maragus_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maragus (langue) (page inexistante)">Maragus</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maragus_language" class="extiw" title="en:Maragus language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Maragus language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_nambas" title="Big nambas">Big nambas</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_de_l%27int%C3%A9rieur_du_Malekula&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues de l&#39;intérieur du Malekula (page inexistante)">Non classifiées</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malekula_Interior_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Malekula Interior languages"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Malekula Interior languages&#160;»">(en)</span></a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aveteian_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aveteian (langue) (page inexistante)">Aveteian</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aveteian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Aveteian language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Aveteian language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navwien_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Navwien (langue) (page inexistante)">Navwien</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navwien_language" class="extiw" title="en:Navwien language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Navwien language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B6rs%C3%B6rian_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sörsörian (langue) (page inexistante)">Sörsörian</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6rs%C3%B6rian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Sörsörian language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Sörsörian language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisvai" title="Nisvai">Nisvai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasvang_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasvang (langue) (page inexistante)">Nasvang</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasvang_language" class="extiw" title="en:Nasvang language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Nasvang language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navwien_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Navwien (langue) (page inexistante)">Navwien</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navwien_language" class="extiw" title="en:Navwien language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Navwien language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Langues_polyn%C3%A9siennes" title="Langues polynésiennes">Polynésien</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emae_(langue)" title="Emae (langue)">Emae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuna-aniwa" title="Futuna-aniwa">Futuna-Aniwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mele-fila" title="Mele-fila">Mele-Fila</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_West_Santo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues West Santo (page inexistante)">West Santo</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Santo_languages" class="extiw" title="en:West Santo languages"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;West Santo languages&#160;»">(en)</span></a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Nord ouest</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nokuku_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nokuku (langue) (page inexistante)">Nokuku</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokuku_language" class="extiw" title="en:Nokuku language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Nokuku language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piamatsina_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Piamatsina (langue) (page inexistante)">Piamatsina</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piamatsina_language" class="extiw" title="en:Piamatsina language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Piamatsina language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tasmate_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tasmate (langue) (page inexistante)">Tasmate</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmate_language" class="extiw" title="en:Tasmate language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Tasmate language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolomako" title="Tolomako">Tolomako</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpei_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Valpei (langue) (page inexistante)">Valpei</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpei_language" class="extiw" title="en:Valpei language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Valpei language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vunapu_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vunapu (langue) (page inexistante)">Vunapu</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vunapu_language" class="extiw" title="en:Vunapu language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Vunapu language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Nord est</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akei" title="Akei">Akei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblong" title="Amblong">Amblong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aore_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aore (langue) (page inexistante)">Aore</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aore_language" class="extiw" title="en:Aore language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Aore language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araki_(langue)" title="Araki (langue)">Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortsenal" title="Fortsenal">Fortsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavea_(langue)" title="Mavea (langue)">Mavea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merei_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Merei (langue) (page inexistante)">Merei</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merei_language" class="extiw" title="en:Merei language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Merei language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morouas_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Morouas (langue) (page inexistante)">Morouas</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morouas_language" class="extiw" title="en:Morouas language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Morouas language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narango_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Narango (langue) (page inexistante)">Narango</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narango_language" class="extiw" title="en:Narango language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Narango language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navut" title="Navut">Navut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roria_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roria (langue) (page inexistante)">Roria</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roria_language" class="extiw" title="en:Roria language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Roria language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamambo" title="Tamambo">Tamambo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambotalo_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tambotalo (langue) (page inexistante)">Tambotalo</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambotalo_language" class="extiw" title="en:Tambotalo language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Tambotalo language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangoa_(langue)" title="Tangoa (langue)">Tangoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiale_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiale (langue) (page inexistante)">Tiale</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiale_language" class="extiw" title="en:Tiale language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Tiale language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutuba_(langue)" title="Tutuba (langue)">Tutuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wailapa_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wailapa (langue) (page inexistante)">Wailapa</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wailapa_language" class="extiw" title="en:Wailapa language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Wailapa language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wusi_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wusi (langue) (page inexistante)">Wusi</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wusi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Wusi language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Wusi language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Langues_du_Sud_du_Vanuatu" title="Langues du Sud du Vanuatu">Langues du Sud du Vanuatu</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anejom" title="Anejom">Anejom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ifo_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ifo (langue) (page inexistante)">Ifo</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifo_language" class="extiw" title="en:Ifo language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Ifo language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwamera" title="Kwamera">Kwamera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenakel_(langue)" title="Lenakel (langue)">Lenakel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanna_du_Nord" title="Tanna du Nord">Tanna du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sie" title="Sie">Sie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorung_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorung (langue) (page inexistante)">Sorung</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorung_language" class="extiw" title="en:Sorung language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Sorung language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanna_du_Sud-Ouest" title="Tanna du Sud-Ouest">Tanna du Sud-Ouest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ura_(langue_du_Vanuatu)" title="Ura (langue du Vanuatu)">Ura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitesands" title="Whitesands">Whitesands</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues" title="Portail des langues"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/24px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/36px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/48px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="24" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues" title="Portail:Langues">Portail des langues</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Vanuatu" title="Portail du Vanuatu"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/37px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="22" 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