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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-BLP_primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> <b>relies too much on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Misuse_of_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced <b>must be removed immediately</b>, especially if potentially <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel" title="Wikipedia:Libel">libelous</a> or harmful.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Akira+Hasegawa%22">"Akira Hasegawa"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Akira+Hasegawa%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Akira+Hasegawa%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Akira+Hasegawa%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Akira+Hasegawa%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Akira+Hasegawa%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese theoretical physicist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Akira Hasegawa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="nickname" lang="ja">長谷川晃</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Akira_Hasegawa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Akira_Hasegawa.png/220px-Akira_Hasegawa.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Akira_Hasegawa.png/330px-Akira_Hasegawa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Akira_Hasegawa.png/440px-Akira_Hasegawa.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="910" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1934-06-17</span>) </span>June 17, 1934<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 90)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo,_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo, Japan">Tokyo, Japan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Japanese</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Osaka_University" title="Osaka University">Osaka University</a> (B.E., M.E.) <br /> <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> (Ph.D.) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Nagoya_University" title="Nagoya University">Nagoya University</a> (Sc.D.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Rank Prize (1991)</li> <li>Shida Rinzaburō Prize (1993)</li> <li>Hattori Hōkō Prize (1993)</li> <li>Moet Hennessy-Louis Vuitton Da Vinci of Excellence Prize (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%26C_Prize" title="C&C Prize">C&C Prize</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Photonics_Society#Awards" title="IEEE Photonics Society">IEEE/LEOS Quantum Electronics Award</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics" title="James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics">James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Academy_Prize_(academics)" title="Japan Academy Prize (academics)">Japan Academy Prize</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n_Prize" title="Hannes Alfvén Prize">Hannes Alfvén Prize</a> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma physics">Plasma physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soliton_(optics)" title="Soliton (optics)">Optical solitons</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1964)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_K._Birdsall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles K. Birdsall (page does not exist)">Charles K. Birdsall</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Akira Hasegawa</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">長谷川晃</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Hasegawa Akira</i></span>, born June 17, 1934)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a Japanese theoretical physicist and engineer who has worked in the U.S. and Japan. He is known for his work in the derivation of the <a href="/wiki/Hasegawa%E2%80%93Mima_equation" title="Hasegawa–Mima equation">Hasegawa–Mima equation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which describes fundamental <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(physics)" title="Plasma (physics)">plasma</a> turbulence and the consequent generation of zonal flow that controls <a href="/wiki/Plasma_diffusion" title="Plasma diffusion">plasma diffusion</a>. Hasegawa also made the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Soliton_(optics)" title="Soliton (optics)">optical solitons</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Glass_fiber" title="Glass fiber">glass fibers</a>, a concept that is essential for high speed <a href="/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">optical communications</a>. </p><p>Hasegawa was the first to suggest the existence of <a href="/wiki/Soliton_(optics)" title="Soliton (optics)">optical solitons</a> in 1973. In 1974, he (together with <a href="/wiki/Liu_Chen_(physicist)" title="Liu Chen (physicist)">Liu Chen</a>) showed that plasmas could be heated with the kinetic <a href="/wiki/Alfv%C3%A9n_wave" title="Alfvén wave">Alfvén wave</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasegawa and Chen introduced the concept of the kinetic Alfven wave to illustrate the microscopic process of the <a href="/wiki/Alfv%C3%A9n_wave" title="Alfvén wave">Alfven wave</a> heating.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977, Hasegawa introduced the <a href="/wiki/Hasegawa%E2%80%93Mima_equation" title="Hasegawa–Mima equation">Hasegawa–Mima equation</a> to describe turbulence in <a href="/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak">Tokamak plasmas</a> and then further developed it in the 1980s (with Masahiro Wakatani) to obtain the Hasegawa-Wakatani equation.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The equation predicted an <i>inverse cascade</i> in the turbulent energy spectrum (i.e. from small to large wavelengths) and <a href="/wiki/Zonal_flow_(plasma)" title="Zonal flow (plasma)">zonal flows</a> (in the azimuthal direction in the Tokamak) that can control radial turbulent diffusion.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Wakatani, he wrote a paper on self-organized turbulence in plasmas.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hasegawa's proposal to trap plasmas with a dipole magnet similar to Earth's magnetic field, where turbulence caused by solar wind stabilizes the trap, was implemented in the first dipole plasma experiment<sup id="cite_ref-:6_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at University of Tokyo by Prof. Zensho Yoshida. In 2010, a <a href="/wiki/Levitated_dipole" title="Levitated dipole">plasma experiment with a floating dipole</a> was also built at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_views">Personal life and views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akira_Hasegawa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal life and views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hasegawa was born on June 17, 1934, in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Prefecture_(1868%E2%80%931943)" title="Tokyo Prefecture (1868–1943)">Tokyo Prefecture</a>. He is a graduate of the Department of Communications Engineering at <a href="/wiki/Osaka_University" title="Osaka University">Osaka University</a>, Japan and was a <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright</a> student at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, where he completed his Ph.D. under the supervision of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_K._Birdsall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles K. Birdsall (page does not exist)">Charles K. Birdsall</a> in 1964. The title of his dissertation was <i>Plasma Computer Simulation Using Sheet Current Model</i>. </p><p>He subsequently took a post doctoral position at <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Laboratories</a> for six month, where he worked with <a href="/wiki/Solomon_J._Buchsbaum" title="Solomon J. Buchsbaum">Solomon J. Buchsbaum</a>. Hasegawa was an associate professor in the Faculty of Engineering Science of Osaka University from 1964 to 1968. During this period, he served as a visiting professor at the Institute of Plasma Physics at <a href="/wiki/Nagoya_University" title="Nagoya University">Nagoya University</a> and received the Doctor of Science Degree from the Department of Physics at Nagoya University. </p><p>He rejoined Bell Laboratories in 1968, where he stayed as a distinguished member of technical staff until 1991. During his time at Bell Laboratories, he also became an adjunct professor in the Department of Applied Physics at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> from 1971. He was a Distinguished Visiting Professor at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne" title="École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne">École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne</a> in 1980 as well as a visiting professor at the Institute of Laser Engineering at Osaka University. Hasegawa was elected as Chairman of the Division of Plasma Physics of the <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a> in 1990, when he reported to the President the importance of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">fusion</a> research based on advanced fuels to avoid undesirable consequences of <a href="/wiki/Deuterium_fusion" title="Deuterium fusion">deuterium tritium fusion</a>. In 1991, he resigned from Bell Laboratories and transferred to the Faculty of Engineering at Osaka University. He retired in 1998. </p><p>In addition to over 250 scientific papers and several text books, Hasegawa has published a number of books on the subjects of Japanese and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Zen" title="Japanese Zen">Zen</a> culture, which he learned from his spiritual teacher, <a href="/wiki/Kobori_Nanrei_Sohaku" title="Kobori Nanrei Sohaku">Kobori Nanrei Sohaku</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Daitoku-ji" title="Daitoku-ji">Daitoku-ji</a> temple. Following his retirement from Osaka University, he took a position as a lecturer at <a href="/wiki/Kobe_Women%27s_University" title="Kobe Women's University">Kobe Women's University</a> to teach a course on Happiness for Japanese Women, upon request of the founder of the university, Mrs. Kaname Yukiyoshi. He also worked as a professor at <a href="/wiki/Himeji_Dokkyo_University" title="Himeji Dokkyo University">Himeji Dokkyo University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kochi_University_of_Technology" title="Kochi University of Technology">Kochi University of Technology</a> and was a special consultant with <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">NTT Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/BTG_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="BTG plc">BTG International</a>. </p><p>Akira Hasegawa was born to Japanese parents who were divorced when he was very young. He was primarily raised by his mother, Kaoru Takata, who was a graduate of Science and Mathematics Department in <a href="/wiki/Nara_Women%27s_University" title="Nara Women's University">Nara Women's University</a> His mother was a strong influence in developing his interest in mathematics. Hasegawa played on a baseball team while at <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaka</a> Junior High School. At Itami High School he was a member of the Science Club. While at Osaka University, he also played trombone in a Dixieland Jazz Band, which he and his friend formed. He spent all of his scholarship money to purchase a large collection of jazz records, extending from <a href="/wiki/Bix_Beiderbecke" title="Bix Beiderbecke">Bix Beiderbecke</a> to <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>. </p><p>In March 1961, prior to moving to the United States, Hasegawa was married to Miyoko, his current wife. Together, they have two sons, Tomohiro and Atsushi, and a daughter, Akiko. He plays tennis but now mostly enjoys playing golf. Akira currently enjoys being a member of the <a href="/wiki/Rotary_International" title="Rotary International">Rotary Club</a> of Kyoto-East and publishing books on various non-science themes including history, finance, and culture. He believes that Japan is a country established on a unique matriarchal culture during the <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jomon period</a>, some ten thousands of years BC. </p><p>In addition to an extensive academic publication record and the editorship and authorship of numerous scientific research level text books,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasegawa has been prolific in the publication of various aspects of culture and philosophy in the past few years, writing on diverse topics such as life and entropy, the economy and finance, <a href="/wiki/Laozi" title="Laozi">Lao Tzu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a>, as well as Japanese culture and religion. Many of the texts are available electronically in Japanese, as well as in English and include such titles as: "<i>A Story of Life and Health</i>",<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<i>A Story of Money</i>",<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<i>Fund Management for those near Retirement</i>",<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<i>Method of Investments for Private Pension</i>",<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<i>The One World of Lao Tzu and Modern Physics: A Dialogue with a Zen Abbot</i>",<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<i>Mai and Dance and Japanese Culture</i>",<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<i>Enjoying Wine</i>",<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<i>Science and Religion</i>",<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<i>How to Increase Productivity in Service Industries</i>",<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Japanese Women Changing the World".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_activities">Research activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akira_Hasegawa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Research activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hasegawa has made a number of seminal contributions in the subject of waves and turbulence in plasmas as well as in information transfer in <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fibers</a>. While at Bell Labs as a post doc, he succeeded in the theoretical explanation of a unique resonant phenomenon in magnetized plasma, referred to as the Buchsbaum–Hasegawa resonance.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While at the Faculty of Engineering Science Osaka University, he pioneered a computer simulation of plasmas in <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field" title="Magnetic field">magnetic fields</a> and supervised numerous students, including, Tetsuo Kamimura (Professor, <a href="/wiki/Meijo_University" title="Meijo University">Meijo University</a>), Katsunobu Nishihara (Professor, <a href="/wiki/Osaka_University" title="Osaka University">Osaka University</a>) and Hideo Okuda (Professor, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>). Kiyoshi Yatsui (Professor, <a href="/wiki/Nagaoka_University_of_Technology" title="Nagaoka University of Technology">Nagaoka University of Technology</a>) was an assistant in his group. During this period, he became acquainted with Professor Toshiya Taniuchi of <a href="/wiki/Nagoya_University" title="Nagoya University">Nagoya University</a>. Professor Taniuchi then became a mentor of Hasegawa on nonlinear waves in plasmas and fluids. </p><p>In 1968, while at Bell Laboratories, Hasegawa joined a group in charge of <a href="/wiki/Astrophysical_plasma" title="Astrophysical plasma">space plasmas</a>. His first theoretical work was to show that the observed oscillation on a satellite in the Earth's <a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere" title="Magnetosphere">magnetosphere</a> can be explained by an excitation of mirror instability coupled with a drift wave mode and named it the drift mirror instability.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has become a pioneering work in space plasma instabilities. In 1973, while he was working on studies of the nonlinear evolution of <a href="/wiki/Whistler_(radio)" title="Whistler (radio)">Whistler wave</a> envelope, he discovered the same equation, the nonlinear <a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_equation" title="Schrödinger equation">Schrödinger equation</a>, applied to the envelope of <a href="/wiki/Pulse_generator" title="Pulse generator">light pulses</a> in glass fibers. With the help of <a href="/wiki/Computer_simulation" title="Computer simulation">computer simulation</a> undertaken in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Fred_Tappert" title="Fred Tappert">Fred Tappert</a>, he demonstrated transmission of a stable nonlinear optical pulse in fiber, which was later to be known as the optical soliton.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The experimental verification of existence of the optical soliton was first made by L. F. Mollenauer et al of Bell Laboratories in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nonlinear Schrödinger equation is now widely used for simulation of optical signal transfer in fibers over inter-continental distances<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and not solely limited to solitons. </p><p>Hasegawa and Liu Chen succeeded in explaining the Earth's magnetic oscillation mechanism (now known as the Chen–Hasegawa resonance<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><b>)</b> which was observed by his colleague, <a href="/wiki/Louis_J._Lanzerotti" title="Louis J. Lanzerotti">Louis J. Lanzerotti</a>. This work also lead them to discover a new wave now called the kinetic <a href="/wiki/Alfv%C3%A9n_wave" title="Alfvén wave">Alfvén wave</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that resolved the <a href="/wiki/Magnetohydrodynamics" title="Magnetohydrodynamics">magnetohydrodynamic</a> singularity. A Bell Labs team of <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Surko" title="Clifford Surko">Cliff Surko</a> (Professor at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Richart_E._Slusher" title="Richart E. Slusher">Richart E. Slusher</a> (<a href="/wiki/Georgia_Tech" title="Georgia Tech">Georgia Tech</a>) discovered low frequency plasma turbulence by laser scattering in the <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Plasma_Physics_Laboratory" title="Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory">Princeton plasma machine</a>. Hasegawa with <a href="/wiki/Kunioki_Mima" title="Kunioki Mima">Kunioki Mima</a> derived a two dimensional nonlinear wave equation that describes the observed turbulence spectra. This equation, now called the <a href="/wiki/Hasegawa%E2%80%93Mima_equation" title="Hasegawa–Mima equation">Hasegawa–Mima equation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is widely used as the fundamental equation to describe low frequency plasma <a href="/wiki/Turbulence" title="Turbulence">turbulence</a>. One unique property of the equation is the existence of an inverse cascade of turbulent spectra which may form <a href="/wiki/Coherence_(physics)" title="Coherence (physics)">coherent</a> structures such as zonal flow in the <a href="/wiki/Azimuth" title="Azimuth">azimuthal</a> direction in <a href="/wiki/Cylinder" title="Cylinder">cylindrical</a> plasmas.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasegawa with Masahiro Wakatani extended the equation to the realistic geometry of plasmas confined in a <a href="/wiki/Toroid" title="Toroid">toroidal</a> magnetic field (Hasegawa–Wakatani equation) and demonstrated the universal excitation of zonal flow<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the consequence of turbulence.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To meet the needs of the high pressure confinement for advanced fusion fuel such as <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a>-<a href="/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3">helium-3</a>, in 1987 Hasegawa proposed<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a plasma <a href="/wiki/Thermonuclear_fusion#Confinement" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermonuclear fusion">confinement</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Dipole" title="Dipole">dipole</a> magnetic field generated by floating <a href="/wiki/Superconductivity" title="Superconductivity">superconducting</a> ring current. <a href="/wiki/Levitated_dipole" title="Levitated dipole">Devices</a> based on this idea were built at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a> by a research group headed by Professor Z. Yoshida<sup id="cite_ref-:6_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> team led by Professors J. Kesner and M.E. Mauel,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and successful high pressure plasma confinements were demonstrated. </p><p>In September 1991, Hasegawa took a position of Professor of Communications Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at <a href="/wiki/Osaka_University" title="Osaka University">Osaka University</a> and started a new group of <a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">optical soliton based communication</a> systems. He established international as well as domestic research groups that concentrated on ultra-high speed communications based on optical solitons. The group successfully demonstrated soliton based, all-optical ultra high speed communication over inter-continental distances. A student during this period, Toshihiko Hirooka now works as a professor at <a href="/wiki/Tohoku_University" title="Tohoku University">Tohoku University</a>. </p><p>After retirement, Hasegawa proposed two important concepts in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">fusion</a> devices. One is the idea that a fusion device operates as a power amplifier rather than as a reactor. Here, the device operates with the help of continuous injection of electromagnetic power that provides <a href="/wiki/Negentropy" title="Negentropy">negentropy</a> which maintains the desirable plasma pressure profile. The other is the concept of <a href="/wiki/Chirality" title="Chirality">chiral</a> asymmetry of vortices generated in plasma turbulence where <a href="/wiki/Vortex" title="Vortex">vortices</a> having positive (negative) core charge tends to expand (to shrink) which is essential in the formation of proper zonal flow for plasma confinement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akira_Hasegawa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Honors and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hasegawa is a Fellow of IEEE and the <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internationally, he has been recognized as a recipient of the 1991 Rank Prize (British), 1995 Moet Hennessy, Louis Vuitton Da Vinci of Excellence Prize (French), 1999 IEEE/LEOS Quantum Electronics Award, and the 2000 <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics" title="James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics">James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics</a> of the American Physical Society.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his citation, his innovative discoveries and fundamental contributions to the theory of turbulence of nonlinear <a href="/wiki/Drift_waves" title="Drift waves">drift waves</a>, the spread of <a href="/wiki/Alfv%C3%A9n_wave" title="Alfvén wave">Alfvén waves</a> in the laboratory and in space plasma, as well as <a href="/wiki/Soliton_(optics)" title="Soliton (optics)">optical solitons</a> and their application in <a href="/wiki/Telecommunication" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunication">telecommunications</a> were highlighted. He also shared with Kuniaki Mima and Pat Diamond the 2011 European Physical Society <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n_Prize" title="Hannes Alfvén Prize">Hannes Alfvén Prize</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Domestically, Hasegawa has received several awards including, the 1996 C&C Prize, 1996 Achievement Prize of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (Japan), 1993 Shida Rinzaburo Prize (Japanese Ministry of Post and Telecommunications) and the 1995 Hattori (Seiko) Houkou Prize. He also has the honor of receiving the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Japan_Academy_Prize_(academics)" title="Japan Academy Prize (academics)">Japan Academy Prize</a>, and in 2010 The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasure" title="Order of the Sacred Treasure">Order of the Sacred Treasure</a>, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon from the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japanese Emperor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akira_Hasegawa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nec.co.jp/press/ja/9509/1103-01.html">"NEC: News Release 95/09/11-03-01"</a>. <i>www.nec.co.jp</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nec.co.jp&rft.atitle=NEC%3A+News+Release+95%2F09%2F11-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nec.co.jp%2Fpress%2Fja%2F9509%2F1103-01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawaMima1977" class="citation journal cs1">Hasegawa, Akira; Mima, Kunioki (1977). "Stationary Spectrum of Strong Turbulence in Magnetized Nonuniform Plasma". <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>39</b> (4): 205–208. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977PhRvL..39..205H">1977PhRvL..39..205H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.39.205">10.1103/physrevlett.39.205</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-9007">0031-9007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Stationary+Spectrum+of+Strong+Turbulence+in+Magnetized+Nonuniform+Plasma&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=205-208&rft.date=1977&rft.issn=0031-9007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.39.205&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1977PhRvL..39..205H&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rft.au=Mima%2C+Kunioki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawaTappert1973" class="citation journal cs1">Hasegawa, Akira; Tappert, Frederick (1973). "Transmission of stationary nonlinear optical pulses in dispersive dielectric fibers. I. Anomalous dispersion". <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>. <b>23</b> (3): 142–144. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973ApPhL..23..142H">1973ApPhL..23..142H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1654836">10.1063/1.1654836</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-6951">0003-6951</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Physics+Letters&rft.atitle=Transmission+of+stationary+nonlinear+optical+pulses+in+dispersive+dielectric+fibers.+I.+Anomalous+dispersion&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=142-144&rft.date=1973&rft.issn=0003-6951&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1654836&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1973ApPhL..23..142H&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rft.au=Tappert%2C+Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenHasegawa1974" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Liu; Hasegawa, Akira (1974). "Plasma heating by spatial resonance of Alfvén wave". <i>The Physics of Fluids</i>. <b>17</b> (7): 1399–1403. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974PhFl...17.1399C">1974PhFl...17.1399C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1694904">10.1063/1.1694904</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-9171">0031-9171</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Physics+of+Fluids&rft.atitle=Plasma+heating+by+spatial+resonance+of+Alfv%C3%A9n+wave&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1399-1403&rft.date=1974&rft.issn=0031-9171&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1694904&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1974PhFl...17.1399C&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Liu&rft.au=Hasegawa%2C+Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawaChen1975" class="citation journal cs1">Hasegawa, Akira; Chen, Lui (August 11, 1975). "Kinetic Process of Plasma Heating Due to Alfvén Wave Excitation". <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>35</b> (6): 370–373. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1975PhRvL..35..370H">1975PhRvL..35..370H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.35.370">10.1103/PhysRevLett.35.370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Kinetic+Process+of+Plasma+Heating+Due+to+Alfv%C3%A9n+Wave+Excitation&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=370-373&rft.date=1975-08-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.35.370&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1975PhRvL..35..370H&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rft.au=Chen%2C+Lui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawaWakatani1983" class="citation journal cs1">Hasegawa, Akira; Wakatani, Masahiro (1983). "Plasma Edge Turbulence". <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>50</b> (9): 682–686. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983PhRvL..50..682H">1983PhRvL..50..682H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.50.682">10.1103/physrevlett.50.682</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-9007">0031-9007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Plasma+Edge+Turbulence&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=682-686&rft.date=1983&rft.issn=0031-9007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.50.682&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1983PhRvL..50..682H&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rft.au=Wakatani%2C+Masahiro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawaMaclennanKodama1979" class="citation journal cs1">Hasegawa, Akira; Maclennan, Carol G.; Kodama, Yuji (1979). "Nonlinear behavior and turbulence spectra of drift waves and Rossby waves". <i>Physics of Fluids</i>. <b>22</b> (11): 2122. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979PhFl...22.2122H">1979PhFl...22.2122H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.862504">10.1063/1.862504</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-9171">0031-9171</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+of+Fluids&rft.atitle=Nonlinear+behavior+and+turbulence+spectra+of+drift+waves+and+Rossby+waves&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2122&rft.date=1979&rft.issn=0031-9171&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.862504&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1979PhFl...22.2122H&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rft.au=Maclennan%2C+Carol+G.&rft.au=Kodama%2C+Yuji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawaWakatani1987" class="citation journal cs1">Hasegawa, Akira; Wakatani, Masahiro (1987). 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C.; Bergmann, R.; Ellsworth, J. L.; Garnier, D. T.; Kesner, J.; Mauel, M. E.; Woskov, P. 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(1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783642659829"><i>Plasma Instabilities and Nonlinear Effects</i></a>. Physics and Chemistry in Space. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-65982-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-65982-9"><bdi>978-3-642-65982-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plasma+Instabilities+and+Nonlinear+Effects&rft.place=Berlin+Heidelberg&rft.series=Physics+and+Chemistry+in+Space&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-3-642-65982-9&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fgp%2Fbook%2F9783642659829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawaUberoi1982" class="citation journal cs1">Hasegawa, A.; Uberoi, C. (January 1, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1068494/">"Alfven wave. DOE Critical Review Series"</a>. <i>Technical Report</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982awdc.rept.....H">1982awdc.rept.....H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2172%2F5259641">10.2172/5259641</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5259641">5259641</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technical+Report&rft.atitle=Alfven+wave.+DOE+Critical+Review+Series&rft.date=1982-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2172%2F5259641&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F5259641%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1982awdc.rept.....H&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Uberoi%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc1068494%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawaSato1989" class="citation book cs1">Hasegawa, Akira; Sato, Tetsuya (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783642741876"><i>Space Plasma Physics: 1 Stationary Processes</i></a>. 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Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-74187-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-74187-6"><bdi>978-3-642-74187-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space+Plasma+Physics%3A+1+Stationary+Processes&rft.place=Berlin+Heidelberg&rft.series=Physics+and+Chemistry+in+Space&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-3-642-74187-6&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rft.au=Sato%2C+Tetsuya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fgp%2Fbook%2F9783642741876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa,_Akira,_1934-1989" class="citation book cs1">Hasegawa, Akira, 1934- (1989). <i>Optical solitons in fibers</i>. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-387-50668-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-387-50668-3"><bdi>0-387-50668-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19778296">19778296</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Optical+solitons+in+fibers&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19778296&rft.isbn=0-387-50668-3&rft.au=Hasegawa%2C+Akira%2C+1934-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawaKodama1995" class="citation book cs1">Hasegawa, Akira; Kodama, Yuji (April 27, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/solitons-in-optical-communications-9780198565079?lang=en&cc=no"><i>Solitons in Optical Communications</i></a>. 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Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-856507-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-856507-9"><bdi>978-0-19-856507-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Solitons+in+Optical+Communications&rft.place=Oxford%2C+New+York&rft.series=Oxford+Series+in+Optical+and+Imaging+Sciences&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995-04-27&rft.isbn=978-0-19-856507-9&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rft.au=Kodama%2C+Yuji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Facademic%2Fproduct%2Fsolitons-in-optical-communications-9780198565079%3Flang%3Den%26cc%3Dno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawaMatsumoto2003" class="citation book cs1">Hasegawa, Akira; Matsumoto, Masayuki (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783540436959"><i>Optical Solitons in Fibers</i></a>. Springer Series in Photonics (3 ed.). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-43695-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-43695-9"><bdi>978-3-540-43695-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Optical+Solitons+in+Fibers&rft.place=Berlin+Heidelberg&rft.series=Springer+Series+in+Photonics&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-540-43695-9&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rft.au=Matsumoto%2C+Masayuki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fgp%2Fbook%2F9783540436959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa1996" class="citation book cs1">Hasegawa, Akira, ed. 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Springer Netherlands. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-009-1736-1">10.1007/978-94-009-1736-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-4155-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-4155-0"><bdi>978-0-7923-4155-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physics+and+Applications+of+Optical+Solitons+in+Fibres+%2795%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Symposium+held+in+Kyoto%2C+Japan%2C+November+14%E2%80%9317+1995&rft.series=Solid-State+Science+and+Technology+Library&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-009-1736-1&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-4155-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fgp%2Fbook%2F9780792341550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa1998" class="citation journal cs1">Hasegawa, Akira, ed. (1998). "New Trends in Optical Soliton Transmission Systems". <i>Solid-State Science and Technology Library</i>. <b>5</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-011-5141-2">10.1007/978-94-011-5141-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-010-6161-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-010-6161-2"><bdi>978-94-010-6161-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1383-7141">1383-7141</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solid-State+Science+and+Technology+Library&rft.atitle=New+Trends+in+Optical+Soliton+Transmission+Systems&rft.volume=5&rft.date=1998&rft.issn=1383-7141&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-011-5141-2&rft.isbn=978-94-010-6161-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa2002" class="citation book cs1">Hasegawa, Akira, ed. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9781402003615"><i>Massive WDM and TDM Soliton Transmission Systems: A ROSC Symposium</i></a>. Solid-State Science and Technology Library. Vol. 6. Springer Netherlands. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F0-306-47125-6">10.1007/0-306-47125-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-0361-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-0361-5"><bdi>978-1-4020-0361-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Massive+WDM+and+TDM+Soliton+Transmission+Systems%3A+A+ROSC+Symposium&rft.series=Solid-State+Science+and+Technology+Library&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F0-306-47125-6&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-0361-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fgp%2Fbook%2F9781402003615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hasegawa, Akira (2016). <i>「物理学者長谷川博士の目からウロコの落ちる話、第1巻ー生命と健康の話-Enlightening Stories of Physicist Dr. Akira Hasegawa, Vol. 1. "Story of Life and Health"ー」</i> (in Japanese). Global business densisyosekisyupanbu. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01DG19IEI">B01DG19IEI</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E9%95%B7%E8%B0%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E3%81%AE%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%81%AE%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1%E3%82%8B%E8%A9%B1%E3%80%81%E7%AC%AC1%E5%B7%BB%E3%83%BC%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E3%81%A8%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E3%81%AE%E8%A9%B1-Enlightening+Stories+of+Physicist+Dr.+Akira+Hasegawa%2C+Vol.+1.+%22Story+of+Life+and+Health%22%E3%83%BC%E3%80%8D&rft.pub=Global+business+densisyosekisyupanbu&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB01DG19IEI%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hasegawa, Akira (2016). <i>「物理学者長谷川博士の目からウロコの落ちる話、第２巻ーお金の話 -Enlightening Stories of Physicist Dr. Akira Hasegawa, Vol. 2. "Story of Money"」</i> (in Japanese). Global business densisyosekisyupanbu. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01GDY22MU">B01GDY22MU</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E9%95%B7%E8%B0%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E3%81%AE%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%81%AE%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1%E3%82%8B%E8%A9%B1%E3%80%81%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%92%E5%B7%BB%E3%83%BC%E3%81%8A%E9%87%91%E3%81%AE%E8%A9%B1+-Enlightening+Stories+of+Physicist+Dr.+Akira+Hasegawa%2C+Vol.+2.+%22Story+of+Money%22%E3%80%8D&rft.pub=Global+business+densisyosekisyupanbu&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB01GDY22MU%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hasegawa, Akira (2018). <i>「物理学者長谷川博士の目からウロコの落ちる本ー個人年金積立法-Enlightening Stories of Physicist Dr. Akira Hasegawa, "How to Save for Private Pension"」</i> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07GZYQD7K">B07GZYQD7K</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E9%95%B7%E8%B0%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E3%81%AE%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%81%AE%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1%E3%82%8B%E6%9C%AC%E3%83%BC%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%B9%B4%E9%87%91%E7%A9%8D%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95-Enlightening+Stories+of+Physicist+Dr.+Akira+Hasegawa%2C+%22How+to+Save+for+Private+Pension%22%E3%80%8D&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB07GZYQD7K%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hasegawa, Akira (2019). <i>「物理学者長谷川博士の目からウロコの落ちる話、ー定年が見えてきた人の資産運用-Enlightening Stories of Physicist Dr. Akira Hasegawa, "How to Manage your Fund Asset"]</i> (in Japanese). gbcorebooks. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07PRKFC5C">B07PRKFC5C</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E9%95%B7%E8%B0%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E3%81%AE%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%81%AE%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1%E3%82%8B%E8%A9%B1%E3%80%81%E3%83%BC%E5%AE%9A%E5%B9%B4%E3%81%8C%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%88%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8D%E3%81%9F%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A3%E9%81%8B%E7%94%A8-Enlightening+Stories+of+Physicist+Dr.+Akira+Hasegawa%2C+%22How+to+Manage+your+Fund+Asset%22%5D&rft.pub=gbcorebooks&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB07PRKFC5C%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa,_Akira,_1934-長谷川,_晃,_1934-1994" class="citation book cs1">Hasegawa, Akira, 1934-; 長谷川, 晃, 1934- (1994). <i>The one world of Lao Tzu and modern physics : a dialogue with a Zen abbot</i> (1st ed.). Kyoto: Tankosha. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-473-01373-1" title="Special:BookSources/4-473-01373-1"><bdi>4-473-01373-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43475820">43475820</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+one+world+of+Lao+Tzu+and+modern+physics+%3A+a+dialogue+with+a+Zen+abbot&rft.place=Kyoto&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Tankosha&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43475820&rft.isbn=4-473-01373-1&rft.au=Hasegawa%2C+Akira%2C+1934-&rft.au=%E9%95%B7%E8%B0%B7%E5%B7%9D%2C+%E6%99%83%2C+1934-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hasegawa, Akira (2017). <i>「物理学者長谷川博士の目からウロコの落ちる話ー舞と踊りと日本文化-Enlightening Stories of Physicist Dr. Akira Hasegawa, "Mai and Dance and Japanese Culture"」</i> (in Japanese). Global Business Densisyosekisyupanbu. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B078JLBYL2">B078JLBYL2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E9%95%B7%E8%B0%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E3%81%AE%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%81%AE%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1%E3%82%8B%E8%A9%B1%E3%83%BC%E8%88%9E%E3%81%A8%E8%B8%8A%E3%82%8A%E3%81%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96-Enlightening+Stories+of+Physicist+Dr.+Akira+Hasegawa%2C+%22Mai+and+Dance+and+Japanese+Culture%22%E3%80%8D&rft.pub=Global+Business+Densisyosekisyupanbu&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB078JLBYL2%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hasegawa, Akira (2017). <i>「物理学者長谷川博士の目からウロコの落ちる話ーワインを楽しむ-Enlightening Stories of Physicist Dr. Akira Hasegawa, " Enjoying Wine"」</i> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B075294WX1">B075294WX1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E9%95%B7%E8%B0%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E3%81%AE%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%81%AE%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1%E3%82%8B%E8%A9%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%92%E6%A5%BD%E3%81%97%E3%82%80-Enlightening+Stories+of+Physicist+Dr.+Akira+Hasegawa%2C+%22+Enjoying+Wine%22%E3%80%8D&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB075294WX1%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hasegawa, Akira (2017). <i>「物理学者長谷川博士の目からウロコの落ちる話ー科学と宗教-Enlightening Stories of Physicist Dr. Akira Hasegawa, "Religion and Science"」</i> (in Japanese). gbcorebooks. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B071VT85KH">B071VT85KH</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E9%95%B7%E8%B0%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E3%81%AE%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%81%AE%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1%E3%82%8B%E8%A9%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%A8%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99-Enlightening+Stories+of+Physicist+Dr.+Akira+Hasegawa%2C+%22Religion+and+Science%22%E3%80%8D&rft.pub=gbcorebooks&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB071VT85KH%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hasegawa, Akira (2017). <i>「物理学者長谷川博士の目からウロコの落ちる話ーサービス産業の生産性を上げるための秘訣-Enlightening Stories of Physicist Dr. Akira Hasegawa, "A Secret to Improve Productivity in Service Industries"」</i> (in Japanese). gbcorebooks. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B06ZYTBNL7">B06ZYTBNL7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E9%95%B7%E8%B0%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E3%81%AE%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%81%AE%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1%E3%82%8B%E8%A9%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD%E3%81%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A3%E6%80%A7%E3%82%92%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E3%81%AE%E7%A7%98%E8%A8%A3-Enlightening+Stories+of+Physicist+Dr.+Akira+Hasegawa%2C+%22A+Secret+to+Improve+Productivity+in+Service+Industries%22%E3%80%8D&rft.pub=gbcorebooks&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB06ZYTBNL7%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hasegawa, Akira (1989). <i>「日本女性が世界を変える」- "Japanese Women can Revolutionize the World"」</i> (in Japanese). Tōkyō: Taiyō Kikaku Shuppan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-88466-161-3" title="Special:BookSources/4-88466-161-3"><bdi>4-88466-161-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/22383341">22383341</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E3%81%8C%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E3%82%92%E5%A4%89%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E3%80%8D-+%22Japanese+Women+can+Revolutionize+the+World%22%E3%80%8D&rft.place=T%C5%8Dky%C5%8D&rft.pub=Taiy%C5%8D+Kikaku+Shuppan&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F22383341&rft.isbn=4-88466-161-3&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchsbaumHasegawa1964" class="citation journal cs1">Buchsbaum, S. J.; Hasegawa, A. (June 22, 1964). "Excitation of Longitudinal Plasma Oscillations Near Electron Cyclotron Harmonics". <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>12</b> (25): 685–688. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964PhRvL..12..685B">1964PhRvL..12..685B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.12.685">10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.685</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-9007">0031-9007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Excitation+of+Longitudinal+Plasma+Oscillations+Near+Electron+Cyclotron+Harmonics&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=685-688&rft.date=1964-06-22&rft.issn=0031-9007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.12.685&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1964PhRvL..12..685B&rft.aulast=Buchsbaum&rft.aufirst=S.+J.&rft.au=Hasegawa%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa1969" class="citation journal cs1">Hasegawa, Akira (1969). "Drift Mirror Instability in the Magnetosphere". <i>Physics of Fluids</i>. <b>12</b> (12): 2642. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969PhFl...12.2642H">1969PhFl...12.2642H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1692407">10.1063/1.1692407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+of+Fluids&rft.atitle=Drift+Mirror+Instability+in+the+Magnetosphere&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2642&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1692407&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969PhFl...12.2642H&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMollenauerStolenGordon1980" class="citation journal cs1">Mollenauer, L. F.; Stolen, R. H.; Gordon, J. P. (September 29, 1980). "Experimental Observation of Picosecond Pulse Narrowing and Solitons in Optical Fibers". <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>45</b> (13): 1095–1098. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980PhRvL..45.1095M">1980PhRvL..45.1095M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.45.1095">10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.1095</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Experimental+Observation+of+Picosecond+Pulse+Narrowing+and+Solitons+in+Optical+Fibers&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=1095-1098&rft.date=1980-09-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.45.1095&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1980PhRvL..45.1095M&rft.aulast=Mollenauer&rft.aufirst=L.+F.&rft.au=Stolen%2C+R.+H.&rft.au=Gordon%2C+J.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa2000" class="citation journal cs1">Hasegawa, A. (2000). "Soliton-based optical communications: an overview". <i>IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics</i>. <b>6</b> (6): 1161–1172. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000IJSTQ...6.1161H">2000IJSTQ...6.1161H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2F2944.902164">10.1109/2944.902164</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1077-260X">1077-260X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26850330">26850330</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Journal+of+Selected+Topics+in+Quantum+Electronics&rft.atitle=Soliton-based+optical+communications%3A+an+overview&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1161-1172&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2F2944.902164&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26850330%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1077-260X&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000IJSTQ...6.1161H&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenHasegawa1974" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Liu; Hasegawa, Akira (1974). 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Steady state excitation of field line resonance". <i>Journal of Geophysical Research</i>. <b>79</b> (7): 1024–1032. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974JGR....79.1024C">1974JGR....79.1024C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2FJA079i007p01024">10.1029/JA079i007p01024</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2156-2202">2156-2202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=A+theory+of+long-period+magnetic+pulsations%3A+1.+Steady+state+excitation+of+field+line+resonance&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1024-1032&rft.date=1974&rft.issn=2156-2202&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2FJA079i007p01024&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1974JGR....79.1024C&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Liu&rft.au=Hasegawa%2C+Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa1987" class="citation journal cs1">Hasegawa, Akira (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inis.iaea.org/Search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:21025528">"A dipole field fusion reactor"</a>. <i>Comments on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion</i>. <b>11</b> (3): 147–151. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0374-2806">0374-2806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comments+on+Plasma+Physics+and+Controlled+Fusion&rft.atitle=A+dipole+field+fusion+reactor&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=147-151&rft.date=1987&rft.issn=0374-2806&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Akira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finis.iaea.org%2FSearch%2Fsearch.aspx%3Forig_q%3DRN%3A21025528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkira+Hasegawa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm?initial=&year=1975&unit_id=DPP&institution=Columbia+University">"APS Fellow Archive"</a>. <i>American Physical Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hannes_Alfvén_Prize_recipients" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n_Prize_recipients" title="Template:Hannes Alfvén Prize recipients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n_Prize_recipients" title="Template talk:Hannes Alfvén Prize recipients"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n_Prize_recipients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hannes Alfvén Prize recipients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hannes_Alfvén_Prize_recipients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n_Prize" title="Hannes Alfvén Prize">Hannes Alfvén Prize</a> recipients</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Radu_B%C4%83lescu" title="Radu Bălescu">Radu Bălescu</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Shafranov" title="Vitaly Shafranov">Vitaly Shafranov</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rosenbluth" title="Marshall Rosenbluth">Marshall Rosenbluth</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Fortov" title="Vladimir Fortov">Vladimir Fortov</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Connor" class="mw-redirect" title="John William Connor">John Connor</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_James_Hastie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert James Hastie (page does not exist)">Robert J. Hastie</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_James_Hastie" class="extiw" title="de:Robert James Hastie">de</a>]</span> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bryan_Taylor" title="John Bryan Taylor">John Bryan Taylor</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Haines" title="Malcolm Haines">Malcolm Haines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._L._Sanford" title="Thomas W. L. Sanford">Tom Sanford</a> / <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Panteleimonovich_Smirnov" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentin Panteleimonovich Smirnov">Valentin Smirnov</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri_Rebut" title="Paul-Henri Rebut">Paul-Henri Rebut</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wagner" title="Friedrich Wagner">Friedrich Wagner</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Chen_(physicist)" title="Liu Chen (physicist)">Liu Chen</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Meyer-ter-Vehn" title="Jürgen Meyer-ter-Vehn">Jürgen Meyer-ter-Vehn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010–2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Allen_Boozer" title="Allen Boozer">Allen Boozer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_N%C3%BChrenberg" title="Jürgen Nührenberg">Jürgen Nührenberg</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_H._Diamond" title="Patrick H. Diamond">Patrick Diamond</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Akira Hasegawa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kunioki_Mima" title="Kunioki Mima">Kunioki Mima</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Miklos_Porkolab" title="Miklos Porkolab">Miklos Porkolab</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Mora" title="Patrick Mora">Patrick Mora</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_J._Fisch" title="Nathaniel J. Fisch">Nathaniel J. Fisch</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Sergei_V._Bulanov" title="Sergei V. Bulanov">Sergei Bulanov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Zohm" title="Hartmut Zohm">Hartmut Zohm</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Ksenia_Aleksandrovna_Razumova" title="Ksenia Aleksandrovna Razumova">Ksenia Razumova</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bell_(physicist)" title="Tony Bell (physicist)">Tony Bell</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Malka" title="Victor Malka">Victor Malka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshiki_Tajima" title="Toshiki Tajima">Toshiki Tajima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Annick_Pouquet" title="Annick Pouquet">Annick Pouquet</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergei_Igorevich_Krasheninnikov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergei Igorevich Krasheninnikov (page does not exist)">Sergei Krasheninnikov</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Garbet" title="Xavier Garbet">Xavier Garbet</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisin_Chen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pisin Chen (page does not exist)">Pisin Chen</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Benjamin_Rosenzweig" title="James Benjamin Rosenzweig">James Rosenzweig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhar_J._Joshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekhar J. Joshi">Chandrashekhar J. Joshi</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCnde_F%C3%BCl%C3%B6p&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tünde Fülöp (page does not exist)">Tünde Fülöp</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCnde_F%C3%BCl%C3%B6p" class="extiw" title="sv:Tünde Fülöp">sv</a>]</span> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Per_Helander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Per Helander (page does not exist)">Per Helander</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_Helander" class="extiw" title="de:Per Helander">de</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics_recipients" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics_recipients" title="Template:James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics recipients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics_recipients" title="Template talk:James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics recipients"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics_recipients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics recipients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics_recipients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell_Prize_for_Plasma_Physics" title="James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics">James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics</a> recipients</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rosenbluth" title="Marshall Rosenbluth">Marshall Rosenbluth</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/John_M._Dawson" title="John M. Dawson">John M. Dawson</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Post" title="Richard F. Post">Richard F. Post</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Tihiro_Ohkawa" title="Tihiro Ohkawa">Tihiro Ohkawa</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Stix" title="Thomas H. Stix">Thomas H. Stix</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/John_Nuckolls" title="John Nuckolls">John Nuckolls</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Ira_B._Bernstein" title="Ira B. Bernstein">Ira B. Bernstein</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Harold_F%C3%BCrth" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Fürth">Harold Fürth</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Donald_William_Kerst" title="Donald William Kerst">Donald W. Kerst</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/John_H._Malmberg" title="John H. Malmberg">John H. Malmberg</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Grad" title="Harold Grad">Harold Grad</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Coppi" title="Bruno Coppi">Bruno Coppi</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rostoker" title="Norman Rostoker">Norman Rostoker</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Ravindra_N._Sudan" title="Ravindra N. Sudan">Ravindra N. Sudan</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/William_L._Kruer" title="William L. Kruer">William L. Kruer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Hans_R._Griem" title="Hans R. Griem">Hans R. Griem</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/John_M._Greene" title="John M. Greene">John M. Greene</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Kulsrud" title="Russell Kulsrud">Russell Kulsrud</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Roy_W._Gould" title="Roy W. Gould">Roy W. Gould</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Francis_F._Chen" title="Francis F. Chen">Francis F. Chen</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Michael_O%27Neil" title="Thomas Michael O'Neil">Thomas M. O'Neil</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennel" title="Charles Kennel">Charles Kennel</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Kadomtsev" title="Boris Kadomtsev">Boris Kadomtsev</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/John_Bryan_Taylor" title="John Bryan Taylor">John B. Taylor</a></li> <li>2000: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Akira Hasegawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Roald_Sagdeev" title="Roald Sagdeev">Roald Sagdeev</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Frieman" title="Edward A. Frieman">Edward A. Frieman</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Noah_Hershkowitz" title="Noah Hershkowitz">Noah Hershkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Valery_Godyak" title="Valery Godyak">Valery Godyak</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_J._Fisch" title="Nathaniel J. Fisch">Nathaniel J. Fisch</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhar_J._Joshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekhar J. Joshi">Chandrashekhar J. Joshi</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/John_Lindl" title="John Lindl">John Lindl</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_C._Davidson" title="Ronald C. Davidson">Ronald C. Davidson</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Miklos_Porkolab" title="Miklos Porkolab">Miklos Porkolab</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/James_F._Drake" title="James F. Drake">James F. Drake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Morfill" title="Gregor Morfill">Gregor Morfill</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Chen_(physicist)" title="Liu Chen (physicist)">Liu Chen</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Sprangle" title="Phillip Sprangle">Phillip Sprangle</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Surko" title="Clifford Surko">Clifford Surko</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Masaaki_Yamada" title="Masaaki Yamada">Masaaki Yamada</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Gould_Zweibel" title="Ellen Gould Zweibel">Ellen G. Zweibel</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Ryutov" title="Dmitri Ryutov">Dmitri Ryutov</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Keith_Burrell" title="Keith Burrell">Keith Burrell</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/William_H._Matthaeus" title="William H. Matthaeus">William H. Matthaeus</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Warren_B._Mori" title="Warren B. Mori">Warren B. Mori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_G._Kivelson" title="Margaret G. Kivelson">Margaret G. Kivelson</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Amitava_Bhattacharjee_(physicist)" title="Amitava Bhattacharjee (physicist)">Amitava Bhattacharjee</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Antonsen_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas M. Antonsen Jr.">Thomas M. Antonsen Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418694#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418694#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418694#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxhmTcQ6dwF89GGXvfKBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1230662057">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81083006">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12358970k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12358970k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00156632">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35177252">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990003215&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p153522143">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007450812005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02244662?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/219917">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/853083">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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