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role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>Vernacular architecture</b> (also <b>folk architecture</b><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlcock2003_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlcock2003-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is building done outside any academic tradition, and without professional guidance. It is not a particular architectural movement or style, but rather a broad category, encompassing a wide range and variety of building types, with differing methods of construction, from around the world, both historical and extant and classical and modern.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vernacular architecture constitutes 95% of the world's built environment, as estimated in 1995 by <a href="/wiki/Amos_Rapoport" title="Amos Rapoport">Amos Rapoport</a>, as measured against the small percentage of new buildings every year designed by architects and built by engineers.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Istano_Pagaruyuang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Istano_Pagaruyuang.jpg/220px-Istano_Pagaruyuang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Istano_Pagaruyuang.jpg/330px-Istano_Pagaruyuang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Istano_Pagaruyuang.jpg/440px-Istano_Pagaruyuang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7128" data-file-height="4757"></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rumah_gadang" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumah gadang">Minangkabau architecture</a> from <a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, inspired by the shape of a <a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">buffalo horn</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_St_Lavenham_Geograph-2482585-by-Roger-Cornfoot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Church_St_Lavenham_Geograph-2482585-by-Roger-Cornfoot.jpg/220px-Church_St_Lavenham_Geograph-2482585-by-Roger-Cornfoot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Church_St_Lavenham_Geograph-2482585-by-Roger-Cornfoot.jpg/330px-Church_St_Lavenham_Geograph-2482585-by-Roger-Cornfoot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Church_St_Lavenham_Geograph-2482585-by-Roger-Cornfoot.jpg/440px-Church_St_Lavenham_Geograph-2482585-by-Roger-Cornfoot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></a><figcaption>English vernacular building, 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Half-timbering" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-timbering">half-timbering</a> and later buildings, in the village of <a href="/wiki/Lavenham" title="Lavenham">Lavenham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Campground_Historic_District.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Campground_Historic_District.JPG/220px-Campground_Historic_District.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Campground_Historic_District.JPG/330px-Campground_Historic_District.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Campground_Historic_District.JPG/440px-Campground_Historic_District.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="2056"></a><figcaption>A pair of single 1920s <a href="/wiki/Shotgun_house" title="Shotgun house">shotgun houses</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Campground_Historic_District" title="Campground Historic District">Campground Historic District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile, Alabama</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Vernacular architecture usually serves immediate, local needs, is constrained by the materials available in its particular region and reflects local traditions and cultural practices. The study of vernacular architecture does not examine formally schooled <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architects</a>, but instead that of the design skills and tradition of local builders, who were rarely given any attribution for the work. More recently, vernacular architecture has been examined by designers and the building industry in an effort to be more energy conscious with contemporary design and construction—part of a broader interest in <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">sustainable design</a>. </p><p>As of 1986, even among scholars publishing in the field, the exact boundaries of "vernacular" have not been clear. </p> <dl><dd>This issue of definition, apparently so simple, has proven to be one of the most serious problems for advocates of vernacular architecture and landscapes research. A straightforward, convincing, authoritative definition has not yet been offered. Vernacular architecture is a phenomenon that many understand intuitively but that few are able to define. The literature on the subject is thus filled with what might be called non-definitions. Vernacular architecture is <i>non</i>-high style building, it is those structures <i>not</i> designed by professionals; it is <i>not</i> monumental; it is <i>un</i>-sophisticated; it is <i>mere</i> building; it is, according to the distinguished historian Nikolaus Pevsner, <i>not</i> architecture. Those who take a more positive approach rely on adjectives like ordinary, everyday, and commonplace. While these terms are not as pejorative as other descriptive phrases that are sometimes applied to the vernacular, neither are they very precise. For example, the skyscrapers of Manhattan are works of high style architecture, but they are also commonplace in Manhattan. Are they not logically New York City vernacular buildings?<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Vernacular architecture tends to be overlooked in traditional histories of design. It is not a stylistic description, much less one specific style, so it cannot be summarized in terms of easy-to-understand patterns, characteristics, materials, or elements.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the usage of traditional building methods and local builders, vernacular buildings are considered cultural expressions—aboriginal, indigenous, ancestral, rural, ethnic, or regional—as much as architectural artifacts. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Evolution_of_the_phrase"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Evolution of the phrase</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Vernacular_and_the_architect"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Vernacular and the architect</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Influences_on_the_vernacular"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Influences on the vernacular</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Culture"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Culture</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Nomadic_dwellings"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Nomadic dwellings</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Permanent_dwellings"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Permanent dwellings</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Environment,_construction_elements_and_materials"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Environment, construction elements and materials</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Legal_aspects"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Legal aspects</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Africa"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Africa</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Anatolia"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Anatolia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Central_Asia"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Central Asia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Middle_East"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Middle East</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#South_Asia"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">South Asia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#East_Asia"><span class="tocnumber">5.6</span> <span class="toctext">East Asia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Southeast_Asia_and_Austronesia"><span class="tocnumber">5.7</span> <span class="toctext">Southeast Asia and Austronesia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Australia_and_New_Zealand"><span class="tocnumber">5.8</span> <span class="toctext">Australia and New Zealand</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Europe"><span class="tocnumber">5.9</span> <span class="toctext">Europe</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#North_America"><span class="tocnumber">5.10</span> <span class="toctext">North America</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#South_America"><span class="tocnumber">5.11</span> <span class="toctext">South America</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Types_and_examples_by_region"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Types and examples by region</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Sources_and_further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Sources and further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Evolution_of_the_phrase">Evolution of the phrase</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Evolution of the phrase" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Batak_Toba_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Batak_Toba_House.jpg/220px-Batak_Toba_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Batak_Toba_House.jpg/220px-Batak_Toba_House.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Batak_Toba_House.jpg/330px-Batak_Toba_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Batak_Toba_House.jpg/440px-Batak_Toba_House.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A traditional <a href="/wiki/Batak_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak people">Batak</a> house, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, in ancient <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesian</a> architectural style</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B21.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B21.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B21.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B21.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B21.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B21.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Ukrainian traditional house</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" class="extiw" title="wikt:vernacular">vernacular</a></i> means 'domestic, native, indigenous', from <i>verna</i> 'native slave' or 'home-born slave'. The word probably derives from an older <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_language" title="Etruscan language">Etruscan</a> word.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term is borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> refers to language use particular to a time, place, or group.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phrase dates to at least 1857, when it was used by Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Gilbert_Scott" title="George Gilbert Scott">George Gilbert Scott</a>, as the focus of the first chapter of his book "Remarks on Secular & Domestic Architecture, Present & Future",<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in a paper read to an architectural society in <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a> in October of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a proponent of the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival movement</a> in England, Scott used the term as a pejorative to refer to the "prevailing architecture" in England of the time, all of it, as opposed to the Gothic he wanted to introduce. In this "vernacular" category Scott included <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Hospital,_London" title="Greenwich Hospital, London">Greenwich Hospital, London</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Castle_Howard" title="Castle Howard">Castle Howard</a>, although admitting their relative nobility. </p><p>The term was popularized with positive connotations in a 1964 exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Modern Art, New York">Museum of Modern Art, New York</a>, designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Rudofsky" title="Bernard Rudofsky">Bernard Rudofsky</a>, with a subsequent book. Both were called <i><a href="/wiki/Architecture_Without_Architects" title="Architecture Without Architects">Architecture Without Architects</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Featuring dramatic black-and-white photography of vernacular buildings around the world, the exhibition was extremely popular. Rudofsky brought the concept into the eye of the public and of mainstream architecture, and also kept the definitions loose: he wrote that the exhibition "attempts to break down our narrow concepts of the art of building by introducing the unfamiliar world of nonpedigree architecture. It is so little known that we don't even have a name for it. For want of a generic label we shall call it vernacular, anonymous, spontaneous, indigenous, rural, as the case may be."<sup id="cite_ref-Rudofsky_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rudofsky-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book was a reminder of the legitimacy and "hard-won knowledge" inherent in vernacular buildings, from <a href="/wiki/Wieliczka_Salt_Mine" title="Wieliczka Salt Mine">Polish salt-caves</a> to gigantic <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a> water wheels to <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Moroccan</a> desert fortresses and was considered <a href="/wiki/Iconoclastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Iconoclastic">iconoclastic</a> at the time. </p><p>The term "commercial vernacular" was popularized in the late 1960s by the publication of <i><a href="/wiki/Learning_from_Las_Vegas" title="Learning from Las Vegas">Learning from Las Vegas</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Venturi" title="Robert Venturi">Robert Venturi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denise_Scott_Brown" title="Denise Scott Brown">Denise Scott Brown</a>, referring to 20th-century American <a href="/wiki/Suburban" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburban">suburban</a> tract and commercial architecture. </p><p>Although vernacular architecture might be designed by people who do have some training in design, in 1971 <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Brunskill" title="Ronald Brunskill">Ronald Brunskill</a> nonetheless defined vernacular architecture as: </p> <blockquote><p>...a building designed by an amateur without any training in design; the individual will have been guided by a series of conventions built up in his locality, paying little attention to what may be fashionable. The function of the building would be the dominant factor, aesthetic considerations, though present to some small degree, being quite minimal. Local materials would be used as a matter of course, other materials being chosen and imported quite exceptionally.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunskill197127–28_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunskill197127%E2%80%9328-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Vernacular_Architecture_of_the_World" title="Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World">Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World</a></i> edited in 1997 by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Oliver" title="Paul Oliver">Paul Oliver</a> of the Oxford Institute for <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable Development">Sustainable Development</a>. Oliver argued that vernacular architecture, given the insights it gives into issues of environmental adaptation, will be necessary in the future to "ensure sustainability in both cultural and economic terms beyond the short term." The encyclopedia defined the field of vernacular architecture as: </p> <blockquote><p>comprising the dwellings and all other buildings of the people. Related to their environmental contexts and available resources they are customarily owner- or community-built, utilizing traditional technologies. All forms of vernacular architecture are built to meet specific needs, accommodating the values, economies and ways of life of the cultures that produce them.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 2007 Allen Noble wrote a lengthy discussion of the relevant terms, in <i>Traditional Buildings: A Global Survey of Structural Forms and Cultural Functions.</i> Noble concluded that "folk architecture" is built by "persons not professionally trained in building arts." "Vernacular architecture" is "of the common people", but may be built by trained professionals, using local, traditional designs and materials. "Traditional architecture" is architecture passed down from person to person, generation to generation, particularly orally, but at any level of society, not just by common people. "Primitive architecture" is a term Noble discourages the use of.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term popular architecture is used more in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> and is synonymous with folk or vernacular architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Vernacular_and_the_architect">Vernacular and the architect</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vernacular and the architect" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Architecture designed by professional architects is usually not considered to be vernacular. Indeed, it can be argued that the very process of consciously designing a building makes it not vernacular. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Oliver" title="Paul Oliver">Paul Oliver</a>, in his book <i>Dwellings</i>, states: "it is contended that 'popular architecture' designed by professional architects or commercial builders for popular use, does not come within the compass of the vernacular".<sup id="cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliver2003-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 15">: 15 </span></sup> Oliver also offers the following simple definition of vernacular architecture: "the architecture of the people, and by the people, but not for the people."<sup id="cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliver2003-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 14">: 14 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a> described vernacular architecture as "Folk building growing in response to actual needs, fitted into environment by people who knew no better than to fit them with native feeling".<sup id="cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliver2003-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9">: 9 </span></sup> suggesting that it is a primitive form of design, lacking intelligent thought, but he also stated that it was "for us better worth study than all the highly self-conscious academic attempts at the beautiful throughout Europe". </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Velika_planina_031.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Velika_planina_031.JPG/220px-Velika_planina_031.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Velika_planina_031.JPG/220px-Velika_planina_031.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Velika_planina_031.JPG/330px-Velika_planina_031.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Velika_planina_031.JPG/440px-Velika_planina_031.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A post-World War II dwelling at the <a href="/wiki/Big_Pasture_Plateau" title="Big Pasture Plateau">Big Pasture Plateau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, designed by the architect <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vlasto_Kopa%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vlasto Kopač (page does not exist)">Vlasto Kopač</a> and based on the vernacular architecture of this mountainous area</figcaption></figure> <p>Since at least the <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts and Crafts Movement">Arts and Crafts Movement</a>, many modern architects have studied vernacular buildings and claimed to draw inspiration from them, including aspects of the vernacular in their designs. In 1946, the <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> architect <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Fathy" title="Hassan Fathy">Hassan Fathy</a> was appointed to design the town of <a href="/wiki/New_Gourna" class="mw-redirect" title="New Gourna">New Gourna</a> near <a href="/wiki/Luxor" title="Luxor">Luxor</a>. Having studied traditional <a href="/wiki/Nubian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nubian people">Nubian</a> settlements and technologies, he incorporated the traditional mud brick vaults of the Nubian settlements in his designs. The experiment failed, due to a variety of social and economic reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliver2003-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 11">: 11 </span></sup> </p><p>Sri Lankan architect <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bawa" title="Geoffrey Bawa">Geoffrey Bawa</a> is considered the pioneer of regional modernism in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>. Along with him, modern proponents of the use of the vernacular in architectural design include <a href="/wiki/Charles_Correa" title="Charles Correa">Charles Correa</a>, a well known Indian architect; <a href="/wiki/Muzharul_Islam" title="Muzharul Islam">Muzharul Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bashirul_Haq" title="Bashirul Haq">Bashirul Haq</a>, internationally known <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_architects" title="List of Bangladeshi architects">Bangladeshi architects</a>; <a href="/wiki/Balkrishna_Doshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkrishna Doshi">Balkrishna Doshi</a>, another Indian, who established the Vastu-Shilpa Foundation in <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a> to research the vernacular architecture of the region; and <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Sri_Prakash" title="Sheila Sri Prakash">Sheila Sri Prakash</a> who has used rural Indian architecture as an inspiration for innovations in environmental and socio-economically sustainable design and planning. The Dutch architect <a href="/wiki/Aldo_van_Eyck" title="Aldo van Eyck">Aldo van Eyck</a> was also a proponent of vernacular architecture,<sup id="cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliver2003-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as were <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Mockbee" title="Samuel Mockbee">Samuel Mockbee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Alexander" title="Christopher Alexander">Christopher Alexander</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Soleri" title="Paolo Soleri">Paolo Soleri</a>. </p><p>Oliver claims that: </p> <blockquote><p>As yet there is no clearly defined and specialized discipline for the study of dwellings or the larger compass of vernacular architecture. If such a discipline were to emerge it would probably be one that combines some of the elements of both architecture and anthropology with aspects of history and geography.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliver2003-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2013)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p></blockquote> <p>Architects have developed a renewed interest in vernacular architecture as a model for sustainable design.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary <a href="/wiki/Complementary_architecture" title="Complementary architecture">complementary architecture</a> is informed largely by vernacular architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Influences_on_the_vernacular">Influences on the vernacular</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Influences on the vernacular" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brgule_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Brgule_001.jpg/220px-Brgule_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1071"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Brgule_001.jpg/220px-Brgule_001.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Brgule_001.jpg/330px-Brgule_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Brgule_001.jpg/440px-Brgule_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>House in <a href="/wiki/Brgule" title="Brgule">Brgule</a>, Serbia</figcaption></figure> <p>Vernacular architecture is influenced by a great range of different aspects of human behaviour and environment, leading to differing building forms for almost every different context; even neighbouring villages may have subtly different approaches to the construction and use of their dwellings, even if they at first appear the same. Despite these variations, every building is subject to the same laws of physics, and hence will demonstrate significant similarities in <a href="/wiki/Structural_engineering" title="Structural engineering">structural forms</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>One of the most significant influences on vernacular architecture is the macro climate of the area in which the building is constructed. Buildings in cold climates invariably have high <a href="/wiki/Thermal_mass" title="Thermal mass">thermal mass</a> or significant amounts of <a href="/wiki/Building_insulation" title="Building insulation">insulation</a>. They are usually sealed in order to prevent heat loss, and openings such as windows tend to be small or even absent altogether. Buildings in warm climates, by contrast, tend to be constructed of lighter materials and to allow significant <a href="/wiki/Cross_ventilation" title="Cross ventilation">cross ventilation</a> through openings in the fabric of the building. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%BAzeum_kysuckej_dediny-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/M%C3%BAzeum_kysuckej_dediny-1.jpg/220px-M%C3%BAzeum_kysuckej_dediny-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/M%C3%BAzeum_kysuckej_dediny-1.jpg/220px-M%C3%BAzeum_kysuckej_dediny-1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/M%C3%BAzeum_kysuckej_dediny-1.jpg/330px-M%C3%BAzeum_kysuckej_dediny-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/M%C3%BAzeum_kysuckej_dediny-1.jpg/440px-M%C3%BAzeum_kysuckej_dediny-1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Log_cabin" title="Log cabin">log cabin</a> in the region of <a href="/wiki/Kysuce" title="Kysuce">Kysuce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>—an example of vernacular architecture in a relatively cold mountain climate using local <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Buildings for a continental climate must be able to cope with significant variations in temperature and may even be altered by their occupants according to the seasons. In hot arid and semi-arid regions, vernacular structures typically include a number of distinctive elements to provide for ventilation and temperature control. Across the middle east, these elements included such design features as courtyard gardens with water features, screen walls, reflected light, <i><a href="/wiki/Mashrabiya" title="Mashrabiya">mashrabiya</a></i> (the distinctive <a href="/wiki/Oriel_window" title="Oriel window">oriel window</a> with timber latticework) and <i>bad girs</i> (<a href="/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">wind-catchers</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-archinform_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archinform-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queenslander_home,_Australia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Queenslander_home%2C_Australia.jpg/220px-Queenslander_home%2C_Australia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1784" data-file-height="1146"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Queenslander_home%2C_Australia.jpg/220px-Queenslander_home%2C_Australia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Queenslander_home%2C_Australia.jpg/330px-Queenslander_home%2C_Australia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Queenslander_home%2C_Australia.jpg/440px-Queenslander_home%2C_Australia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Queenslander, Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>Buildings take different forms depending on precipitation levels in the region – leading to dwellings on stilts in many regions with frequent flooding or rainy monsoon seasons. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Queenslander_(architecture)" title="Queenslander (architecture)">Queenslander</a> is an elevated weatherboard house with a sloped, tin roof that evolved in the early 19th-century as a solution to the annual flooding caused by monsoonal rain in Australia's northern states.<sup id="cite_ref-LinOsb_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LinOsb-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flat roofs are rare in areas with high levels of precipitation. Similarly, areas with high winds will lead to specialised buildings able to cope with them, and buildings tend to present minimal surface area to prevailing winds and are often situated low on the landscape to minimise potential storm damage. </p><p>Climatic influences on vernacular architecture are substantial and can be extremely complex. Mediterranean vernacular, and that of much of the Middle East, often includes a courtyard with a fountain or pond; air cooled by water mist and evaporation is drawn through the building by the natural ventilation set up by the building form. Similarly, Northern African vernacular often has very high thermal mass and small windows to keep the occupants cool, and in many cases also includes chimneys, not for fires but to draw air through the internal spaces. Such specializations are not designed but learned by trial and error over generations of building construction, often existing long before the scientific theories which explain why they work. Vernacular architecture is also used for the purposes of local citizens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The way of life of building occupants, and the way they use their shelters, is of great influence on building forms. The size of family units, who shares which spaces, how food is prepared and eaten, how people interact, and many other cultural considerations will affect the layout and size of dwellings. </p><p>For example, the family units of several East African ethnic communities live in family compounds, surrounded by marked boundaries, in which separate single-roomed dwellings are built to house different members of the family. In polygamous communities there may be separate dwellings for different wives, and more again for sons who are too old to share space with the women of the family. Social interaction within the family is governed by, and privacy is provided by, the separation between the structures in which family members live. By contrast, in Western Europe, such separation is accomplished inside one dwelling, by dividing the building into separate rooms. </p><p>Culture also has a great influence on the appearance of vernacular buildings, as occupants often decorate buildings in accordance with local customs and beliefs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nomadic_dwellings">Nomadic dwellings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nomadic dwellings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cempa_stilthouses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cempa_stilthouses.jpg/220px-Cempa_stilthouses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cempa_stilthouses.jpg/220px-Cempa_stilthouses.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cempa_stilthouses.jpg/330px-Cempa_stilthouses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cempa_stilthouses.jpg/440px-Cempa_stilthouses.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Stilt houses in Cempa, located in the <a href="/wiki/Lingga_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingga Islands">Lingga Islands</a> of Indonesia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yurt-construction-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Yurt-construction-2.JPG/220px-Yurt-construction-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Yurt-construction-2.JPG/220px-Yurt-construction-2.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Yurt-construction-2.JPG/330px-Yurt-construction-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Yurt-construction-2.JPG/440px-Yurt-construction-2.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Yurt" title="Yurt">Yurt</a> or ger, a circular dwelling from <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, during erection</figcaption></figure> <p>There are many cultures around the world which include some aspect of nomadic life, and they have all developed vernacular solutions for the need for shelter. These all include appropriate responses to climate and customs of their inhabitants, including practicalities of simple construction such as <a href="/wiki/Hut_(dwelling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hut (dwelling)">huts</a>, and if necessary, transport such as <a href="/wiki/Tent" title="Tent">tents</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> have a number of different forms of shelter appropriate to different seasons and geographical locations, including the <a href="/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo">igloo</a> (for winter) and the <a href="/wiki/Tupiq" title="Tupiq">tupiq</a> (for summer). The <a href="/wiki/Sami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami people">Sami</a> of Northern Europe, who live in climates similar to those experienced by the Inuit, have developed different shelters appropriate to their culture<sup id="cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliver2003-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 25">: 25 </span></sup> including the <a href="/wiki/Lavvu" title="Lavvu">lavvu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goahti" title="Goahti">goahti</a>. The development of different solutions in similar circumstances because of cultural influences is typical of vernacular architecture. </p><p>Many nomadic people use materials common in the local environment to construct temporary dwellings, such as the Punan of Sarawak who use palm fronds, or the Ituri Pygmies who use saplings and mongongo leaves to construct domed huts. Other cultures reuse materials, transporting them with them as they move. Examples of this are the tribes of Mongolia, who carry their <a href="/wiki/Yurt" title="Yurt">gers</a> (yurts) with them, or the black desert tents of the <a href="/wiki/Qashgai" class="mw-redirect" title="Qashgai">Qashgai</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliver2003-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 29">: 29 </span></sup> Notable in each case is the significant impact of the availability of materials and the availability of pack animals or other forms of transport on the ultimate form of the shelters. </p><p>All the shelters are adapted to suit the local climate. The Mongolian gers (yurts), for example, are versatile enough to be cool in hot continental summers and warm in the sub-zero temperatures of Mongolian winters and include a close-able ventilation hole at the centre and a chimney for a stove. A ger is typically not often relocated, and is therefore sturdy and secure, including wooden front door and several layers of coverings. A traditional <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berber</a> tent, by contrast, might be relocated daily, and is much lighter and quicker to erect and dismantle – and because of the climate it is used in, does not need to provide the same degree of protection from the elements. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Igloo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An unfinished igloo, an Inuit winter dwelling"><noscript><img alt="An unfinished igloo, an Inuit winter dwelling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Igloo.jpg/120px-Igloo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="475"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 81px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Igloo.jpg/120px-Igloo.jpg" data-alt="An unfinished igloo, an Inuit winter dwelling" data-width="120" data-height="81" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Igloo.jpg/180px-Igloo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Igloo.jpg/240px-Igloo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An unfinished <a href="/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo">igloo</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> winter dwelling</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuareg_1907.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tuareg tent during colonial exhibition in 1907"><noscript><img alt="Tuareg tent during colonial exhibition in 1907" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Tuareg_1907.jpg/120px-Tuareg_1907.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="476"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 71px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Tuareg_1907.jpg/120px-Tuareg_1907.jpg" data-alt="Tuareg tent during colonial exhibition in 1907" data-width="120" data-height="71" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Tuareg_1907.jpg/180px-Tuareg_1907.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Tuareg_1907.jpg/240px-Tuareg_1907.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tuareg tent during colonial exhibition in 1907</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nez-perce-couple-teepee-1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A tipi of the Nez Perce tribe, c. 1900"><noscript><img alt="A tipi of the Nez Perce tribe, c. 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nez-perce-couple-teepee-1900.jpg/80px-Nez-perce-couple-teepee-1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nez-perce-couple-teepee-1900.jpg/80px-Nez-perce-couple-teepee-1900.jpg" data-alt="A tipi of the Nez Perce tribe, c. 1900" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nez-perce-couple-teepee-1900.jpg/121px-Nez-perce-couple-teepee-1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nez-perce-couple-teepee-1900.jpg/161px-Nez-perce-couple-teepee-1900.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">tipi</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Nez Perce tribe">Nez Perce tribe</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Algerian_nomads.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arab Beduin tent from North Africa. Similar tents are also used by Arabs in the Middle East as well as by Persian and Tibetan nomads."><noscript><img alt="Arab Beduin tent from North Africa. Similar tents are also used by Arabs in the Middle East as well as by Persian and Tibetan nomads." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Algerian_nomads.jpg/120px-Algerian_nomads.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Algerian_nomads.jpg/120px-Algerian_nomads.jpg" data-alt="Arab Beduin tent from North Africa. Similar tents are also used by Arabs in the Middle East as well as by Persian and Tibetan nomads." data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Algerian_nomads.jpg/180px-Algerian_nomads.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Algerian_nomads.jpg/240px-Algerian_nomads.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arab Beduin tent from North Africa. Similar tents are also used by Arabs in the Middle East as well as by Persian and Tibetan nomads.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BerberTentZagora.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Berber tent near Zagora, Morocco"><noscript><img alt="A Berber tent near Zagora, Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/BerberTentZagora.jpg/120px-BerberTentZagora.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/BerberTentZagora.jpg/120px-BerberTentZagora.jpg" data-alt="A Berber tent near Zagora, Morocco" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/BerberTentZagora.jpg/180px-BerberTentZagora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/BerberTentZagora.jpg/240px-BerberTentZagora.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Berber tent near Zagora, Morocco</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:F%C3%A4bod_i_Oviksfj%C3%A4llen.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="In transhumance (the seasonal movement of people with their livestock to pasture) the herders stay in huts or tents."><noscript><img alt="In transhumance (the seasonal movement of people with their livestock to pasture) the herders stay in huts or tents." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/F%C3%A4bod_i_Oviksfj%C3%A4llen.JPG/120px-F%C3%A4bod_i_Oviksfj%C3%A4llen.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/F%C3%A4bod_i_Oviksfj%C3%A4llen.JPG/120px-F%C3%A4bod_i_Oviksfj%C3%A4llen.JPG" data-alt="In transhumance (the seasonal movement of people with their livestock to pasture) the herders stay in huts or tents." data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/F%C3%A4bod_i_Oviksfj%C3%A4llen.JPG/180px-F%C3%A4bod_i_Oviksfj%C3%A4llen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/F%C3%A4bod_i_Oviksfj%C3%A4llen.JPG/240px-F%C3%A4bod_i_Oviksfj%C3%A4llen.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">In <a href="/wiki/Transhumance" title="Transhumance">transhumance</a> (the seasonal movement of people with their livestock to pasture) the herders stay in huts or tents.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraqi_mudhif_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of a mudhif; a reed dwelling used by Iraqi people of the marshlands"><noscript><img alt="Interior of a mudhif; a reed dwelling used by Iraqi people of the marshlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Iraqi_mudhif_interior.jpg/120px-Iraqi_mudhif_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Iraqi_mudhif_interior.jpg/120px-Iraqi_mudhif_interior.jpg" data-alt="Interior of a mudhif; a reed dwelling used by Iraqi people of the marshlands" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Iraqi_mudhif_interior.jpg/180px-Iraqi_mudhif_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Iraqi_mudhif_interior.jpg/240px-Iraqi_mudhif_interior.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior of a <a href="/wiki/Mudhif" title="Mudhif">mudhif</a>; a reed dwelling used by Iraqi people of the marshlands</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Permanent_dwellings">Permanent dwellings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Permanent dwellings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesotho_Slide_Show_(294).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Lesotho_Slide_Show_%28294%29.JPG/220px-Lesotho_Slide_Show_%28294%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Lesotho_Slide_Show_%28294%29.JPG/220px-Lesotho_Slide_Show_%28294%29.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Lesotho_Slide_Show_%28294%29.JPG/330px-Lesotho_Slide_Show_%28294%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Lesotho_Slide_Show_%28294%29.JPG/440px-Lesotho_Slide_Show_%28294%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A Southern African rondavel (or banda)</figcaption></figure> <p>The type of structure and materials used for a dwelling vary depending on how permanent it is. Frequently moved nomadic structures will be lightweight and simple, more permanent ones will be less so. When people settle somewhere permanently, the architecture of their dwellings will change to reflect that. </p><p>Materials used will become heavier, more solid and more durable. They may also become more complicated and more expensive, as the capital and labour required to construct them is a one-time cost. Permanent dwellings often offer a greater degree of protection and shelter from the elements. In some cases, however, where dwellings are subjected to severe weather conditions such as frequent flooding or high winds, buildings may be deliberately "designed" to fail and be replaced, rather than requiring the uneconomical or even impossible structures needed to withstand them. The collapse of a relatively flimsy, lightweight structure is also less likely to cause serious injury than a heavy structure. </p><p>Over time, dwellings' architecture may come to reflect a very specific geographical locale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment,_construction_elements_and_materials"><span id="Environment.2C_construction_elements_and_materials"></span>Environment, construction elements and materials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Environment, construction elements and materials" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The local environment and the construction materials it can provide, govern many aspects of vernacular architecture. Areas rich in trees will develop a wooden vernacular, while areas without much wood may use mud or stone. In early California <a href="/wiki/Cupressaceae" title="Cupressaceae">redwood</a> water towers supporting redwood tanks and enclosed by redwood siding (<a href="/wiki/Tankhouse" title="Tankhouse">tankhouses</a>) were part of a self-contained wind-powered domestic water system. In the Far East it is common to use bamboo, as it is both plentiful and versatile. Vernacular, almost by definition, is sustainable, and will not exhaust the local resources. If it is not sustainable, it is not suitable for its local context, and cannot be vernacular. </p><p>Construction elements and materials frequently found in vernacular buildings include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe" title="Adobe">Adobe</a> – a type of mud brick, often covered with white-wash, commonly used in Spain and Spanish colonies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cob_(material)" title="Cob (material)">Cob</a> – a type of plaster made from subsoil with the addition of fibrous material to give added strength</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashrabiya" title="Mashrabiya">Mashrabiya</a> (also known as shanashol in Iraq) – a type of oriel window with timber lattice-work, designed to allow ventilation, commonly found in Iraq and Egypt in upper-class homes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mud bricks</a> – loam or sand mixed with water and vegetable matter such as straw</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rammed_earth" title="Rammed earth">Rammed earth</a> often used in foundations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddleback_roof" title="Saddleback roof">Saddleback roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatching" title="Thatching">Thatch</a> – dry vegetation used as roofing material</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">Windcatcher</a> – a type of chimney used to provide natural ventilation without the use of air conditioning, commonly found in Iran, Iraq and other parts of the Middle-East</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wychert" title="Wychert">Wychert</a> – a blend of white earth and clay</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Legal_aspects">Legal aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legal aspects" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>As many jurisdictions introduce tougher <a href="/wiki/Building_code" title="Building code">building codes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">zoning</a> regulations, "folk architects" sometimes find themselves in conflict with the local authorities. </p><p>A case that made news in Russia was that of an <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a> entrepreneur Nikolay P. Sutyagin, who built what was reportedly the world's tallest single-family wooden house for himself and his family, only to see it condemned as a fire hazard. The 13-storey, 44 m (144 ft) tall<sup id="cite_ref-wan_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wan-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> structure, known locally as <a href="/wiki/Sutyagin_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutyagin house">"Sutyagin's skyscraper"</a> (<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B1_%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Небоскрёб Сутягина">Небоскрёб Сутягина</a>), was found to be in violation of Arkhangelsk building codes, and in 2008 the courts ordered the building to be demolished by 1 February 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-wan_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wan-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 December 2008, the tower was pulled down,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the remainder was dismantled manually<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over the course of the next several months.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Africa" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Case_%C3%A0_la_chefferie_de_Bana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rondavel in Cameroon"><noscript><img alt="Rondavel in Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Case_%C3%A0_la_chefferie_de_Bana.jpg/90px-Case_%C3%A0_la_chefferie_de_Bana.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Case_%C3%A0_la_chefferie_de_Bana.jpg/90px-Case_%C3%A0_la_chefferie_de_Bana.jpg" data-alt="Rondavel in Cameroon" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Case_%C3%A0_la_chefferie_de_Bana.jpg/135px-Case_%C3%A0_la_chefferie_de_Bana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Case_%C3%A0_la_chefferie_de_Bana.jpg/180px-Case_%C3%A0_la_chefferie_de_Bana.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rondavel in Cameroon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_round_houses_in_Manica_(4419157639).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional houses in Tanzania"><noscript><img alt="Traditional houses in Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Traditional_round_houses_in_Manica_%284419157639%29.jpg/120px-Traditional_round_houses_in_Manica_%284419157639%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Traditional_round_houses_in_Manica_%284419157639%29.jpg/120px-Traditional_round_houses_in_Manica_%284419157639%29.jpg" data-alt="Traditional houses in Tanzania" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Traditional_round_houses_in_Manica_%284419157639%29.jpg/180px-Traditional_round_houses_in_Manica_%284419157639%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Traditional_round_houses_in_Manica_%284419157639%29.jpg/240px-Traditional_round_houses_in_Manica_%284419157639%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional houses in <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maasai_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maasai house in Tanzania"><noscript><img alt="Maasai house in Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Maasai_house.jpg/120px-Maasai_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Maasai_house.jpg/120px-Maasai_house.jpg" data-alt="Maasai house in Tanzania" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Maasai_house.jpg/180px-Maasai_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Maasai_house.jpg/240px-Maasai_house.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai</a> house in Tanzania</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Village_in_A%C3%AFt_Bouguemez.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Loam houses in the High Atlas, Aït Bouguemez"><noscript><img alt="Loam houses in the High Atlas, Aït Bouguemez" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Village_in_A%C3%AFt_Bouguemez.jpg/120px-Village_in_A%C3%AFt_Bouguemez.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Village_in_A%C3%AFt_Bouguemez.jpg/120px-Village_in_A%C3%AFt_Bouguemez.jpg" data-alt="Loam houses in the High Atlas, Aït Bouguemez" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Village_in_A%C3%AFt_Bouguemez.jpg/180px-Village_in_A%C3%AFt_Bouguemez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Village_in_A%C3%AFt_Bouguemez.jpg/240px-Village_in_A%C3%AFt_Bouguemez.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Loam" title="Loam">Loam</a> houses in the <a href="/wiki/High_Atlas" title="High Atlas">High Atlas</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFt_Bouguemez" title="Aït Bouguemez">Aït Bouguemez</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gordon_Laing_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A house in Timbuktu"><noscript><img alt="A house in Timbuktu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Gordon_Laing_House.jpg/78px-Gordon_Laing_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="2806"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 78px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Gordon_Laing_House.jpg/78px-Gordon_Laing_House.jpg" data-alt="A house in Timbuktu" data-width="78" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Gordon_Laing_House.jpg/116px-Gordon_Laing_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Gordon_Laing_House.jpg/155px-Gordon_Laing_House.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A house in <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Maison_traditionnelle_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Funco house in Cape Verde"><noscript><img alt="Funco house in Cape Verde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Maison_traditionnelle_%281%29.jpg/120px-Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Maison_traditionnelle_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Maison_traditionnelle_%281%29.jpg/120px-Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Maison_traditionnelle_%281%29.jpg" data-alt="Funco house in Cape Verde" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Maison_traditionnelle_%281%29.jpg/180px-Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Maison_traditionnelle_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Maison_traditionnelle_%281%29.jpg/240px-Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Maison_traditionnelle_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Funco_(architecture)" title="Funco (architecture)">Funco</a> house in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anatolia">Anatolia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Anatolia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cappadocia_.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Basalt tuff, rock-cut architecture in Cappadocia, found in central Anatolia and parts of Iran"><noscript><img alt="Basalt tuff, rock-cut architecture in Cappadocia, found in central Anatolia and parts of Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cappadocia_.JPG/120px-Cappadocia_.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3188" data-file-height="2344"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 88px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cappadocia_.JPG/120px-Cappadocia_.JPG" data-alt="Basalt tuff, rock-cut architecture in Cappadocia, found in central Anatolia and parts of Iran" data-width="120" data-height="88" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cappadocia_.JPG/180px-Cappadocia_.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cappadocia_.JPG/240px-Cappadocia_.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Basalt tuff, <a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_architecture" title="Rock-cut architecture">rock-cut architecture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a>, found in central Anatolia and parts of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tholoi-Harran.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tholoi type homes have been constructed for millennia in Mesopotamia, like these found in Harran."><noscript><img alt="Tholoi type homes have been constructed for millennia in Mesopotamia, like these found in Harran." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Tholoi-Harran.jpg/120px-Tholoi-Harran.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="169"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 62px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Tholoi-Harran.jpg/120px-Tholoi-Harran.jpg" data-alt="Tholoi type homes have been constructed for millennia in Mesopotamia, like these found in Harran." data-width="120" data-height="62" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Tholoi-Harran.jpg/180px-Tholoi-Harran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Tholoi-Harran.jpg/240px-Tholoi-Harran.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tholoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tholoi">Tholoi</a> type homes have been constructed for millennia in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, like these found in <a href="/wiki/Harran" title="Harran">Harran</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Safranbolu_traditional_house_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Timber-framed house in Safranbolu, as found in northern Anatolia and European Ottoman territories"><noscript><img alt="Timber-framed house in Safranbolu, as found in northern Anatolia and European Ottoman territories" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Safranbolu_traditional_house_1.jpg/120px-Safranbolu_traditional_house_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Safranbolu_traditional_house_1.jpg/120px-Safranbolu_traditional_house_1.jpg" data-alt="Timber-framed house in Safranbolu, as found in northern Anatolia and European Ottoman territories" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Safranbolu_traditional_house_1.jpg/180px-Safranbolu_traditional_house_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Safranbolu_traditional_house_1.jpg/240px-Safranbolu_traditional_house_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Timber-framed house in <a href="/wiki/Safranbolu" title="Safranbolu">Safranbolu</a>, as found in northern Anatolia and <a href="/wiki/Rumelia" title="Rumelia">European Ottoman territories</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bosphorus_yali_bergie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Late Ottoman wooden Yali, a type found on the Bosphorus shore and on the Princes' Islands"><noscript><img alt="Late Ottoman wooden Yali, a type found on the Bosphorus shore and on the Princes' Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bosphorus_yali_bergie.jpg/120px-Bosphorus_yali_bergie.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bosphorus_yali_bergie.jpg/120px-Bosphorus_yali_bergie.jpg" data-alt="Late Ottoman wooden Yali, a type found on the Bosphorus shore and on the Princes' Islands" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bosphorus_yali_bergie.jpg/180px-Bosphorus_yali_bergie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bosphorus_yali_bergie.jpg/240px-Bosphorus_yali_bergie.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Late Ottoman wooden Yali, a type found on the <a href="/wiki/Bosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosphorus">Bosphorus</a> shore and on the <a href="/wiki/Princes%27_Islands" title="Princes' Islands">Princes' Islands</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:House_in_Ta%C5%9F%C3%B6ren,_%C3%87aykara8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A typical alpine chalet as found in the Pontic Mountains and parts of the Caucasus"><noscript><img alt="A typical alpine chalet as found in the Pontic Mountains and parts of the Caucasus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/House_in_Ta%C5%9F%C3%B6ren%2C_%C3%87aykara8.jpg/120px-House_in_Ta%C5%9F%C3%B6ren%2C_%C3%87aykara8.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3045" data-file-height="1998"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 79px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/House_in_Ta%C5%9F%C3%B6ren%2C_%C3%87aykara8.jpg/120px-House_in_Ta%C5%9F%C3%B6ren%2C_%C3%87aykara8.jpg" data-alt="A typical alpine chalet as found in the Pontic Mountains and parts of the Caucasus" data-width="120" data-height="79" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/House_in_Ta%C5%9F%C3%B6ren%2C_%C3%87aykara8.jpg/180px-House_in_Ta%C5%9F%C3%B6ren%2C_%C3%87aykara8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/House_in_Ta%C5%9F%C3%B6ren%2C_%C3%87aykara8.jpg/240px-House_in_Ta%C5%9F%C3%B6ren%2C_%C3%87aykara8.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A typical alpine chalet as found in the <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Mountains" title="Pontic Mountains">Pontic Mountains</a> and parts of the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Asia">Central Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Central Asia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ayil - herding House in the Altai Mountains"><noscript><img alt="Ayil - herding House in the Altai Mountains" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg/120px-Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4384" data-file-height="2892"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 79px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg/120px-Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg" data-alt="Ayil - herding House in the Altai Mountains" data-width="120" data-height="79" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg/180px-Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg/240px-Altai_Ail_-_traditional_dwelling.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ayil - herding House in the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazah_Jurt2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kazakh yurt in the Altai"><noscript><img alt="Kazakh Yurt in the Altai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kazah_Jurt2.jpg/120px-Kazah_Jurt2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4392" data-file-height="2888"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 79px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kazah_Jurt2.jpg/120px-Kazah_Jurt2.jpg" data-alt="Kazakh Yurt in the Altai" data-width="120" data-height="79" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kazah_Jurt2.jpg/180px-Kazah_Jurt2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kazah_Jurt2.jpg/240px-Kazah_Jurt2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakh</a> yurt in the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Republic" title="Altai Republic">Altai</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ail13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A house made of bark - Aalachic, Altai Mountains"><noscript><img alt="A house made of bark - Aalachic. Алтай" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ail13.jpg/80px-Ail13.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="5616"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ail13.jpg/80px-Ail13.jpg" data-alt="A house made of bark - Aalachic. Алтай" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ail13.jpg/120px-Ail13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ail13.jpg/160px-Ail13.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A house made of bark - Aalachic, <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altai_Ail.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shepherd's house in the mountains. Kosh-Agach."><noscript><img alt="Shepherd's house" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Altai_Ail.jpg/120px-Altai_Ail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4064" data-file-height="2912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 86px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Altai_Ail.jpg/120px-Altai_Ail.jpg" data-alt="Shepherd's house" data-width="120" data-height="86" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Altai_Ail.jpg/180px-Altai_Ail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Altai_Ail.jpg/240px-Altai_Ail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shepherd's house in the mountains. <a href="/wiki/Kosh-Agachsky_District" title="Kosh-Agachsky District">Kosh-Agach</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olgiy1111_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="North-Western Mongolia, Ölgii city"><noscript><img alt="North-Western Mongolia, Ölgii city" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Olgiy1111_04.jpg/120px-Olgiy1111_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4050" data-file-height="2653"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 79px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Olgiy1111_04.jpg/120px-Olgiy1111_04.jpg" data-alt="North-Western Mongolia, Ölgii city" data-width="120" data-height="79" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Olgiy1111_04.jpg/180px-Olgiy1111_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Olgiy1111_04.jpg/240px-Olgiy1111_04.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">North-Western <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%96lgii_(city)" title="Ölgii (city)">Ölgii</a> city</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yurt,_Northwest_Mongolia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mongolian nomad yurt"><noscript><img alt="Mongolian nomad yurt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Yurt%2C_Northwest_Mongolia.jpg/120px-Yurt%2C_Northwest_Mongolia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5164" data-file-height="2940"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 68px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Yurt%2C_Northwest_Mongolia.jpg/120px-Yurt%2C_Northwest_Mongolia.jpg" data-alt="Mongolian nomad yurt" data-width="120" data-height="68" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Yurt%2C_Northwest_Mongolia.jpg/180px-Yurt%2C_Northwest_Mongolia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Yurt%2C_Northwest_Mongolia.jpg/240px-Yurt%2C_Northwest_Mongolia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolian</a> <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomad</a> <a href="/wiki/Yurt" title="Yurt">yurt</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaban13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Animal Farm in the Altai Mountains"><noscript><img alt="Animal Farm in the Altai Mountains" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chaban13.jpg/120px-Chaban13.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4830" data-file-height="3054"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 76px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chaban13.jpg/120px-Chaban13.jpg" data-alt="Animal Farm in the Altai Mountains" data-width="120" data-height="76" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chaban13.jpg/180px-Chaban13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chaban13.jpg/240px-Chaban13.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Animal Farm in the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20130518_alt_1348_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stone yurt in Mongolia"><noscript><img alt="Stone Yurt in Mongolia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/20130518_alt_1348_01.jpg/120px-20130518_alt_1348_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/20130518_alt_1348_01.jpg/120px-20130518_alt_1348_01.jpg" data-alt="Stone Yurt in Mongolia" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/20130518_alt_1348_01.jpg/180px-20130518_alt_1348_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/20130518_alt_1348_01.jpg/240px-20130518_alt_1348_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stone yurt in <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Felt_yurt,_Altai,_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Telengits yurt in Altai"><noscript><img alt="Telengitskaya yurt in Altai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Felt_yurt%2C_Altai%2C_Russia.jpg/120px-Felt_yurt%2C_Altai%2C_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4684" data-file-height="3036"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 78px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Felt_yurt%2C_Altai%2C_Russia.jpg/120px-Felt_yurt%2C_Altai%2C_Russia.jpg" data-alt="Telengitskaya yurt in Altai" data-width="120" data-height="78" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Felt_yurt%2C_Altai%2C_Russia.jpg/180px-Felt_yurt%2C_Altai%2C_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Felt_yurt%2C_Altai%2C_Russia.jpg/240px-Felt_yurt%2C_Altai%2C_Russia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Telengits yurt in Altai</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_East">Middle East</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Middle East" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sana,_Yemen_(4324243257).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional Yemeni house in Sana'a"><noscript><img alt="Traditional Yemeni house in Sana'a" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sana%2C_Yemen_%284324243257%29.jpg/120px-Sana%2C_Yemen_%284324243257%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sana%2C_Yemen_%284324243257%29.jpg/120px-Sana%2C_Yemen_%284324243257%29.jpg" data-alt="Traditional Yemeni house in Sana'a" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sana%2C_Yemen_%284324243257%29.jpg/180px-Sana%2C_Yemen_%284324243257%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sana%2C_Yemen_%284324243257%29.jpg/240px-Sana%2C_Yemen_%284324243257%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional Yemeni house in <a href="/wiki/Sana%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Sana'a">Sana'a</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:House_Details,_Sanaa,_Yemen_(10737189323).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional Yemeni house in Sana'a"><noscript><img alt="Traditional Yemeni house in Sana'a" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/House_Details%2C_Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810737189323%29.jpg/80px-House_Details%2C_Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810737189323%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="6016"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/House_Details%2C_Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810737189323%29.jpg/80px-House_Details%2C_Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810737189323%29.jpg" data-alt="Traditional Yemeni house in Sana'a" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/House_Details%2C_Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810737189323%29.jpg/120px-House_Details%2C_Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810737189323%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/House_Details%2C_Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810737189323%29.jpg/160px-House_Details%2C_Sanaa%2C_Yemen_%2810737189323%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional Yemeni house in <a href="/wiki/Sana%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Sana'a">Sana'a</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_house_in_Al_Balad.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional architecture of the Hejaz, Al-Balad, Jeddah"><noscript><img alt="Traditional architecture of the Hejaz, Al-Balad, Jeddah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Traditional_house_in_Al_Balad.JPG/80px-Traditional_house_in_Al_Balad.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="691"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Traditional_house_in_Al_Balad.JPG/80px-Traditional_house_in_Al_Balad.JPG" data-alt="Traditional architecture of the Hejaz, Al-Balad, Jeddah" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Traditional_house_in_Al_Balad.JPG/120px-Traditional_house_in_Al_Balad.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Traditional_house_in_Al_Balad.JPG/160px-Traditional_house_in_Al_Balad.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional architecture of the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Balad,_Jeddah" title="Al-Balad, Jeddah">Al-Balad, Jeddah</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_kaimah_vernacular_architecture_of_UAE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Replica of a vernacular house in Dubai, including a windcatcher"><noscript><img alt="Replica of a vernacular house in Dubai, including a windcatcher" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Al_kaimah_vernacular_architecture_of_UAE.jpg/120px-Al_kaimah_vernacular_architecture_of_UAE.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 78px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Al_kaimah_vernacular_architecture_of_UAE.jpg/120px-Al_kaimah_vernacular_architecture_of_UAE.jpg" data-alt="Replica of a vernacular house in Dubai, including a windcatcher" data-width="120" data-height="78" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Al_kaimah_vernacular_architecture_of_UAE.jpg/180px-Al_kaimah_vernacular_architecture_of_UAE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Al_kaimah_vernacular_architecture_of_UAE.jpg/240px-Al_kaimah_vernacular_architecture_of_UAE.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Replica of a vernacular house in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, including a <a href="/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">windcatcher</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sukkah_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional temporary Jewish Sukkah in Israel constructed out of native foliage"><noscript><img alt="Traditional temporary Jewish Sukkah in Israel constructed out of native foliage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sukkah_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg/120px-Sukkah_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sukkah_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg/120px-Sukkah_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg" data-alt="Traditional temporary Jewish Sukkah in Israel constructed out of native foliage" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sukkah_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg/180px-Sukkah_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sukkah_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg/240px-Sukkah_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional temporary Jewish <a href="/wiki/Sukkah" title="Sukkah">Sukkah</a> in Israel constructed out of native foliage</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sattar_khan_home_001_copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional brick house of Iran and Central Asia, Tabriz"><noscript><img alt="Traditional brick house of Iran and Central Asia, Tabriz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sattar_khan_home_001_copy.jpg/70px-Sattar_khan_home_001_copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2484" data-file-height="4252"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 70px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sattar_khan_home_001_copy.jpg/70px-Sattar_khan_home_001_copy.jpg" data-alt="Traditional brick house of Iran and Central Asia, Tabriz" data-width="70" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sattar_khan_home_001_copy.jpg/105px-Sattar_khan_home_001_copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sattar_khan_home_001_copy.jpg/140px-Sattar_khan_home_001_copy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional brick house of Iran and Central Asia, <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_architectural_heritage_in_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The mashrabiya (a type of oriel window) is a characteristic feature of upper-class homes across the region as in this example from Jerusalem."><noscript><img alt="The mashrabiya (a type of oriel window) is a characteristic feature of upper-class homes across the region as in this example from Jerusalem." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Islamic_architectural_heritage_in_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem.jpg/113px-Islamic_architectural_heritage_in_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="765"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 113px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Islamic_architectural_heritage_in_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem.jpg/113px-Islamic_architectural_heritage_in_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem.jpg" data-alt="The mashrabiya (a type of oriel window) is a characteristic feature of upper-class homes across the region as in this example from Jerusalem." data-width="113" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Islamic_architectural_heritage_in_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem.jpg/169px-Islamic_architectural_heritage_in_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Islamic_architectural_heritage_in_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem.jpg/226px-Islamic_architectural_heritage_in_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The mashrabiya (a type of oriel window) is a characteristic feature of upper-class homes across the region as in this example from Jerusalem.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Jerusalem,_Jewish_Quarter_road,_Hadaya_Jewelry_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Houses in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem made of Jerusalem stone"><noscript><img alt="Houses in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem made of Jerusalem stone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Old_Jerusalem%2C_Jewish_Quarter_road%2C_Hadaya_Jewelry_2009.jpg/90px-Old_Jerusalem%2C_Jewish_Quarter_road%2C_Hadaya_Jewelry_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Old_Jerusalem%2C_Jewish_Quarter_road%2C_Hadaya_Jewelry_2009.jpg/90px-Old_Jerusalem%2C_Jewish_Quarter_road%2C_Hadaya_Jewelry_2009.jpg" data-alt="Houses in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem made of Jerusalem stone" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Old_Jerusalem%2C_Jewish_Quarter_road%2C_Hadaya_Jewelry_2009.jpg/135px-Old_Jerusalem%2C_Jewish_Quarter_road%2C_Hadaya_Jewelry_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Old_Jerusalem%2C_Jewish_Quarter_road%2C_Hadaya_Jewelry_2009.jpg/180px-Old_Jerusalem%2C_Jewish_Quarter_road%2C_Hadaya_Jewelry_2009.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Houses in the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem</a> made of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_stone" title="Jerusalem stone">Jerusalem stone</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarihi_Midyat_Evleri.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional House in Midyat, Southern Turkey"><noscript><img alt="Traditional House in Midyat, Southern Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tarihi_Midyat_Evleri.jpg/120px-Tarihi_Midyat_Evleri.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tarihi_Midyat_Evleri.jpg/120px-Tarihi_Midyat_Evleri.jpg" data-alt="Traditional House in Midyat, Southern Turkey" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tarihi_Midyat_Evleri.jpg/180px-Tarihi_Midyat_Evleri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tarihi_Midyat_Evleri.jpg/240px-Tarihi_Midyat_Evleri.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional House in Midyat, Southern Turkey</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Asia">South Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: South Asia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_vernacular_architecture" title="Indian vernacular architecture">Indian vernacular architecture</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guest_house_in_Sylhet_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The origin of the vernacular bungalow has its roots in Bengal, Bangladesh."><noscript><img alt="The origin of the vernacular bungalow has its roots in Bengal, Bangladesh." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Guest_house_in_Sylhet_%2801%29.jpg/120px-Guest_house_in_Sylhet_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4600" data-file-height="3059"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Guest_house_in_Sylhet_%2801%29.jpg/120px-Guest_house_in_Sylhet_%2801%29.jpg" data-alt="The origin of the vernacular bungalow has its roots in Bengal, Bangladesh." data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Guest_house_in_Sylhet_%2801%29.jpg/180px-Guest_house_in_Sylhet_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Guest_house_in_Sylhet_%2801%29.jpg/240px-Guest_house_in_Sylhet_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The origin of the vernacular <a href="/wiki/Bungalow" title="Bungalow">bungalow</a> has its roots in <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Naulakha Pavilion in Lahore Fort, Pakistan, features a Do-chala roof originating in Bengal.[33]"><noscript><img alt="The Naulakha Pavilion in Lahore Fort, Pakistan, features a Do-chala roof originating in Bengal.[33]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg/120px-Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4036" data-file-height="2268"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 67px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg/120px-Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg" data-alt="The Naulakha Pavilion in Lahore Fort, Pakistan, features a Do-chala roof originating in Bengal.[33]" data-width="120" data-height="67" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg/180px-Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg/240px-Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Naulakha_Pavilion" title="Naulakha Pavilion">Naulakha Pavilion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a>, Pakistan, features a <a href="/wiki/Do-chala" class="mw-redirect" title="Do-chala">Do-chala</a> roof originating in <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarahan_-_Bhimakali_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bhimakali temple, built in Kath-Kuni style of architecture, Indian vernacular architecture"><noscript><img alt="Bhimakali temple, built in Kath-Kuni style of architecture, Indian vernacular architecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sarahan_-_Bhimakali_Temple.jpg/120px-Sarahan_-_Bhimakali_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="620"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sarahan_-_Bhimakali_Temple.jpg/120px-Sarahan_-_Bhimakali_Temple.jpg" data-alt="Bhimakali temple, built in Kath-Kuni style of architecture, Indian vernacular architecture" data-width="120" data-height="103" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sarahan_-_Bhimakali_Temple.jpg/180px-Sarahan_-_Bhimakali_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sarahan_-_Bhimakali_Temple.jpg/240px-Sarahan_-_Bhimakali_Temple.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bhimakali temple, built in Kath-Kuni style of architecture, <a href="/wiki/Indian_vernacular_architecture" title="Indian vernacular architecture">Indian vernacular architecture</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Limboo_house_in_Hee-_kengbari_village_in_West_Sikkim,_Sikkim,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Limboo house in Hee- kengbari village in West Sikkim, Sikkim, India"><noscript><img alt="Limboo house in Hee- kengbari village in West Sikkim, Sikkim, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Limboo_house_in_Hee-_kengbari_village_in_West_Sikkim%2C_Sikkim%2C_India.jpg/120px-Limboo_house_in_Hee-_kengbari_village_in_West_Sikkim%2C_Sikkim%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 68px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Limboo_house_in_Hee-_kengbari_village_in_West_Sikkim%2C_Sikkim%2C_India.jpg/120px-Limboo_house_in_Hee-_kengbari_village_in_West_Sikkim%2C_Sikkim%2C_India.jpg" data-alt="Limboo house in Hee- kengbari village in West Sikkim, Sikkim, India" data-width="120" data-height="68" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Limboo_house_in_Hee-_kengbari_village_in_West_Sikkim%2C_Sikkim%2C_India.jpg/180px-Limboo_house_in_Hee-_kengbari_village_in_West_Sikkim%2C_Sikkim%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Limboo_house_in_Hee-_kengbari_village_in_West_Sikkim%2C_Sikkim%2C_India.jpg/240px-Limboo_house_in_Hee-_kengbari_village_in_West_Sikkim%2C_Sikkim%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Limboo" class="mw-redirect" title="Limboo">Limboo</a> house in Hee- kengbari village in <a href="/wiki/West_Sikkim,_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="West Sikkim, Sikkim">West Sikkim, Sikkim</a>, India</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: East Asia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_residential_architecture_of_Western_Sichuan" title="Vernacular residential architecture of Western Sichuan">Vernacular residential architecture of Western Sichuan</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lingshi_Jingsheng_Wangjia_Dayuan_2013.08.24_14-14-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wang Family Compound in Lingshi, Shanxi"><noscript><img alt="Wang Family Compound in Lingshi, Shanxi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lingshi_Jingsheng_Wangjia_Dayuan_2013.08.24_14-14-08.jpg/120px-Lingshi_Jingsheng_Wangjia_Dayuan_2013.08.24_14-14-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lingshi_Jingsheng_Wangjia_Dayuan_2013.08.24_14-14-08.jpg/120px-Lingshi_Jingsheng_Wangjia_Dayuan_2013.08.24_14-14-08.jpg" data-alt="Wang Family Compound in Lingshi, Shanxi" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lingshi_Jingsheng_Wangjia_Dayuan_2013.08.24_14-14-08.jpg/180px-Lingshi_Jingsheng_Wangjia_Dayuan_2013.08.24_14-14-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lingshi_Jingsheng_Wangjia_Dayuan_2013.08.24_14-14-08.jpg/240px-Lingshi_Jingsheng_Wangjia_Dayuan_2013.08.24_14-14-08.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Family_Compound" title="Wang Family Compound">Wang Family Compound</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lingshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingshi">Lingshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Siheyuan_fukan.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Siheyuan in Beijing"><noscript><img alt="Siheyuan in Beijing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Siheyuan_fukan.JPG/120px-Siheyuan_fukan.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="651"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Siheyuan_fukan.JPG/120px-Siheyuan_fukan.JPG" data-alt="Siheyuan in Beijing" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Siheyuan_fukan.JPG/180px-Siheyuan_fukan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Siheyuan_fukan.JPG/240px-Siheyuan_fukan.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Siheyuan" title="Siheyuan">Siheyuan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suzhoupic1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Downtown in Suzhou"><noscript><img alt="Downtown in Suzhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Suzhoupic1.jpg/120px-Suzhoupic1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Suzhoupic1.jpg/120px-Suzhoupic1.jpg" data-alt="Downtown in Suzhou" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Suzhoupic1.jpg/180px-Suzhoupic1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Suzhoupic1.jpg/240px-Suzhoupic1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Downtown in <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wuyi_Yuyuan_20120219-72.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mansion in Zhejiang"><noscript><img alt="Mansion in Zhejiang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Wuyi_Yuyuan_20120219-72.jpg/120px-Wuyi_Yuyuan_20120219-72.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Wuyi_Yuyuan_20120219-72.jpg/120px-Wuyi_Yuyuan_20120219-72.jpg" data-alt="Mansion in Zhejiang" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Wuyi_Yuyuan_20120219-72.jpg/180px-Wuyi_Yuyuan_20120219-72.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Wuyi_Yuyuan_20120219-72.jpg/240px-Wuyi_Yuyuan_20120219-72.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mansion in <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E5%AE%8F%E6%9D%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hongcun in Anhui"><noscript><img alt="Hongcun in Anhui" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E5%AE%8F%E6%9D%91.jpg/120px-%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E5%AE%8F%E6%9D%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E5%AE%8F%E6%9D%91.jpg/120px-%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E5%AE%8F%E6%9D%91.jpg" data-alt="Hongcun in Anhui" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E5%AE%8F%E6%9D%91.jpg/180px-%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E5%AE%8F%E6%9D%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E5%AE%8F%E6%9D%91.jpg/240px-%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E5%AE%8F%E6%9D%91.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hongcun" title="Hongcun">Hongcun</a> in <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B5%81%E5%9D%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Village in Jiangxi"><noscript><img alt="Village in Jiangxi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%E6%B5%81%E5%9D%91.jpg/120px-%E6%B5%81%E5%9D%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1833" data-file-height="1031"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 67px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%E6%B5%81%E5%9D%91.jpg/120px-%E6%B5%81%E5%9D%91.jpg" data-alt="Village in Jiangxi" data-width="120" data-height="67" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%E6%B5%81%E5%9D%91.jpg/180px-%E6%B5%81%E5%9D%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%E6%B5%81%E5%9D%91.jpg/240px-%E6%B5%81%E5%9D%91.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Village in <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Snail_pit_tulou.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fujian Tulou"><noscript><img alt="Fujian Tulou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Snail_pit_tulou.jpg/120px-Snail_pit_tulou.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="1267"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 84px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Snail_pit_tulou.jpg/120px-Snail_pit_tulou.jpg" data-alt="Fujian Tulou" data-width="120" data-height="84" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Snail_pit_tulou.jpg/180px-Snail_pit_tulou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Snail_pit_tulou.jpg/240px-Snail_pit_tulou.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fujian_Tulou" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujian Tulou">Fujian Tulou</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhaojiabao_-_P1260269.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional house in Fujian"><noscript><img alt="Traditional house in Fujian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Zhaojiabao_-_P1260269.JPG/120px-Zhaojiabao_-_P1260269.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Zhaojiabao_-_P1260269.JPG/120px-Zhaojiabao_-_P1260269.JPG" data-alt="Traditional house in Fujian" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Zhaojiabao_-_P1260269.JPG/180px-Zhaojiabao_-_P1260269.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Zhaojiabao_-_P1260269.JPG/240px-Zhaojiabao_-_P1260269.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional house in <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%8E%E9%87%8C.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lane in Guangdong"><noscript><img alt="Lane in Guangdong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%8E%E9%87%8C.JPG/90px-%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%8E%E9%87%8C.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%8E%E9%87%8C.JPG/90px-%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%8E%E9%87%8C.JPG" data-alt="Lane in Guangdong" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%8E%E9%87%8C.JPG/135px-%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%8E%E9%87%8C.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%8E%E9%87%8C.JPG/180px-%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%8E%E9%87%8C.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lane in <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rui_Shi_Lou.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaiping Diaolou"><noscript><img alt="Kaiping Diaolou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Rui_Shi_Lou.jpg/90px-Rui_Shi_Lou.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Rui_Shi_Lou.jpg/90px-Rui_Shi_Lou.jpg" data-alt="Kaiping Diaolou" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Rui_Shi_Lou.jpg/135px-Rui_Shi_Lou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Rui_Shi_Lou.jpg/180px-Rui_Shi_Lou.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kaiping_Diaolou" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiping Diaolou">Kaiping Diaolou</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miao.woodhouse.shop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miao people house in Guizhou"><noscript><img alt="Miao people house in Guizhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Miao.woodhouse.shop.jpg/120px-Miao.woodhouse.shop.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 68px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Miao.woodhouse.shop.jpg/120px-Miao.woodhouse.shop.jpg" data-alt="Miao people house in Guizhou" data-width="120" data-height="68" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Miao.woodhouse.shop.jpg/180px-Miao.woodhouse.shop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Miao.woodhouse.shop.jpg/240px-Miao.woodhouse.shop.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao people</a> house in Guizhou </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaozhou_Mansion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Han Teochew dwelling in Guangdong"><noscript><img alt="Han Teochew dwelling in Guangdong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chaozhou_Mansion.jpg/120px-Chaozhou_Mansion.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chaozhou_Mansion.jpg/120px-Chaozhou_Mansion.jpg" data-alt="Han Teochew dwelling in Guangdong" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chaozhou_Mansion.jpg/180px-Chaozhou_Mansion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chaozhou_Mansion.jpg/240px-Chaozhou_Mansion.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Han <a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew</a> dwelling in Guangdong </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cave_Dwelling_-_Courtyard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yaodong or cave dwelling in Shaanxi"><noscript><img alt="Yaodong or cave dwelling in Shaanxi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cave_Dwelling_-_Courtyard.jpg/120px-Cave_Dwelling_-_Courtyard.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cave_Dwelling_-_Courtyard.jpg/120px-Cave_Dwelling_-_Courtyard.jpg" data-alt="Yaodong or cave dwelling in Shaanxi" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cave_Dwelling_-_Courtyard.jpg/180px-Cave_Dwelling_-_Courtyard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cave_Dwelling_-_Courtyard.jpg/240px-Cave_Dwelling_-_Courtyard.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yaodong" title="Yaodong">Yaodong</a> or cave dwelling in <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southeast_Asia_and_Austronesia">Southeast Asia and Austronesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Southeast Asia and Austronesia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Indonesia" title="Architecture of Indonesia">Architecture of Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rumah_adat" title="Rumah adat">Rumah adat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rural_Khmer_house" title="Rural Khmer house">Rural Khmer house</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maison_Nias.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A traditional house, Nias Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia"><noscript><img alt="A traditional house, Nias Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Maison_Nias.JPG/86px-Maison_Nias.JPG" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1819" data-file-height="2535"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 86px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Maison_Nias.JPG/86px-Maison_Nias.JPG" data-alt="A traditional house, Nias Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia" data-width="86" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Maison_Nias.JPG/129px-Maison_Nias.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Maison_Nias.JPG/172px-Maison_Nias.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A traditional house, <a href="/wiki/Nias_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Nias Island">Nias Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a>, Indonesia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumah_Batak_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Toba traditional house, Indonesia"><noscript><img alt="Toba traditional house, Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Rumah_Batak_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Rumah_Batak_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Rumah_Batak_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Rumah_Batak_-_panoramio.jpg" data-alt="Toba traditional house, Indonesia" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Rumah_Batak_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Rumah_Batak_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Rumah_Batak_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Rumah_Batak_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Toba_Batak_people" title="Toba Batak people">Toba</a> traditional house, Indonesia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Batak_Karo_House_-_Jamburta_Ras_Rumah_Berastagi_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The house of the chief of a village in Kabanjahe shows the vernacular architecture of Karo people, Indonesia."><noscript><img alt="The house of the chief of a village in Kabanjahe shows the vernacular architecture of Karo people, Indonesia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Batak_Karo_House_-_Jamburta_Ras_Rumah_Berastagi_01.jpg/120px-Batak_Karo_House_-_Jamburta_Ras_Rumah_Berastagi_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1694"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 79px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Batak_Karo_House_-_Jamburta_Ras_Rumah_Berastagi_01.jpg/120px-Batak_Karo_House_-_Jamburta_Ras_Rumah_Berastagi_01.jpg" data-alt="The house of the chief of a village in Kabanjahe shows the vernacular architecture of Karo people, Indonesia." data-width="120" data-height="79" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Batak_Karo_House_-_Jamburta_Ras_Rumah_Berastagi_01.jpg/180px-Batak_Karo_House_-_Jamburta_Ras_Rumah_Berastagi_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Batak_Karo_House_-_Jamburta_Ras_Rumah_Berastagi_01.jpg/240px-Batak_Karo_House_-_Jamburta_Ras_Rumah_Berastagi_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The house of the chief of a village in <a href="/wiki/Kabanjahe" title="Kabanjahe">Kabanjahe</a> shows the vernacular architecture of <a href="/wiki/Karo_people_(Indonesia)" title="Karo people (Indonesia)">Karo people</a>, Indonesia.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumah_Melayu_Bangkinang.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rumah Lancang or Rumah Lontiok style, a traditional Malay Indonesians house from Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia"><noscript><img alt="Rumah Lancang or Rumah Lontiok style, a traditional Malay Indonesians house from Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Rumah_Melayu_Bangkinang.JPG/120px-Rumah_Melayu_Bangkinang.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Rumah_Melayu_Bangkinang.JPG/120px-Rumah_Melayu_Bangkinang.JPG" data-alt="Rumah Lancang or Rumah Lontiok style, a traditional Malay Indonesians house from Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Rumah_Melayu_Bangkinang.JPG/180px-Rumah_Melayu_Bangkinang.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Rumah_Melayu_Bangkinang.JPG/240px-Rumah_Melayu_Bangkinang.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rumah Lancang or Rumah Lontiok style, a traditional <a href="/wiki/Malay_Indonesians" title="Malay Indonesians">Malay Indonesians</a> house from <a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a>, Sumatra, Indonesia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_Toraja_House.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A village of tongkonan, the house of Toraja people, Sulawesi, Indonesia"><noscript><img alt="A village of tongkonan, the house of Toraja people, Sulawesi, Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Traditional_Toraja_House.JPG/120px-Traditional_Toraja_House.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Traditional_Toraja_House.JPG/120px-Traditional_Toraja_House.JPG" data-alt="A village of tongkonan, the house of Toraja people, Sulawesi, Indonesia" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Traditional_Toraja_House.JPG/180px-Traditional_Toraja_House.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Traditional_Toraja_House.JPG/240px-Traditional_Toraja_House.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A village of <a href="/wiki/Tongkonan" title="Tongkonan">tongkonan</a>, the house of <a href="/wiki/Toraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Toraja">Toraja</a> people, Sulawesi, Indonesia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_house_Ratenggaro_Sumba.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sumba house, a traditional house, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia"><noscript><img alt="Sumba house, a traditional house, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Traditional_house_Ratenggaro_Sumba.jpg/120px-Traditional_house_Ratenggaro_Sumba.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Traditional_house_Ratenggaro_Sumba.jpg/120px-Traditional_house_Ratenggaro_Sumba.jpg" data-alt="Sumba house, a traditional house, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Traditional_house_Ratenggaro_Sumba.jpg/180px-Traditional_house_Ratenggaro_Sumba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Traditional_house_Ratenggaro_Sumba.jpg/240px-Traditional_house_Ratenggaro_Sumba.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sumba house, a traditional house, <a href="/wiki/East_Nusa_Tenggara" title="East Nusa Tenggara">East Nusa Tenggara</a>, Indonesia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumah_Adat_Mamuju.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mamuju house, a traditional house, West Sulawesi, Indonesia"><noscript><img alt="Mamuju house, a traditional house, West Sulawesi, Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Rumah_Adat_Mamuju.jpg/120px-Rumah_Adat_Mamuju.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Rumah_Adat_Mamuju.jpg/120px-Rumah_Adat_Mamuju.jpg" data-alt="Mamuju house, a traditional house, West Sulawesi, Indonesia" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Rumah_Adat_Mamuju.jpg/180px-Rumah_Adat_Mamuju.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Rumah_Adat_Mamuju.jpg/240px-Rumah_Adat_Mamuju.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mamuju house, a traditional house, <a href="/wiki/West_Sulawesi" title="West Sulawesi">West Sulawesi</a>, Indonesia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apolinario_Mabini_House_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A nipa hut, the traditional house of the Philippines"><noscript><img alt="A nipa hut, the traditional house of the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Apolinario_Mabini_House_1.jpg/120px-Apolinario_Mabini_House_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1424"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Apolinario_Mabini_House_1.jpg/120px-Apolinario_Mabini_House_1.jpg" data-alt="A nipa hut, the traditional house of the Philippines" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Apolinario_Mabini_House_1.jpg/180px-Apolinario_Mabini_House_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Apolinario_Mabini_House_1.jpg/240px-Apolinario_Mabini_House_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Nipa_hut" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipa hut">nipa hut</a>, the traditional house of the Philippines</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Century-Old_Houses_Along_the_Streets_of_Taal,_Batangas_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bahay na bato houses in the cultural and historical areas of the Philippines"><noscript><img alt="Bahay na bato houses in the cultural and historical areas of the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Century-Old_Houses_Along_the_Streets_of_Taal%2C_Batangas_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Century-Old_Houses_Along_the_Streets_of_Taal%2C_Batangas_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3280" data-file-height="2460"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Century-Old_Houses_Along_the_Streets_of_Taal%2C_Batangas_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Century-Old_Houses_Along_the_Streets_of_Taal%2C_Batangas_-_panoramio.jpg" data-alt="Bahay na bato houses in the cultural and historical areas of the Philippines" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Century-Old_Houses_Along_the_Streets_of_Taal%2C_Batangas_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Century-Old_Houses_Along_the_Streets_of_Taal%2C_Batangas_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Century-Old_Houses_Along_the_Streets_of_Taal%2C_Batangas_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Century-Old_Houses_Along_the_Streets_of_Taal%2C_Batangas_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bahay na bato houses in the cultural and historical areas of the Philippines</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BahnarRong.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title='A "rong" house of the Bahnar people of Vietnam'><noscript><img alt='A "rong" house of the Bahnar people of Vietnam' src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/BahnarRong.jpg/84px-BahnarRong.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="1722"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 84px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/BahnarRong.jpg/84px-BahnarRong.jpg" data-alt='A "rong" house of the Bahnar people of Vietnam' data-width="84" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/BahnarRong.jpg/125px-BahnarRong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/BahnarRong.jpg/167px-BahnarRong.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A "rong" house of the <a href="/wiki/Bahnar_people" title="Bahnar people">Bahnar people</a> of Vietnam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dan_toc_hoc_19.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Long communal house of the Rhade people"><noscript><img alt="Long communal house of the Rhade people" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dan_toc_hoc_19.jpg/120px-Dan_toc_hoc_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dan_toc_hoc_19.jpg/120px-Dan_toc_hoc_19.jpg" data-alt="Long communal house of the Rhade people" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dan_toc_hoc_19.jpg/180px-Dan_toc_hoc_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dan_toc_hoc_19.jpg/240px-Dan_toc_hoc_19.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Long communal house of the <a href="/wiki/Rhade_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhade people">Rhade people</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nh%C3%A0_s%C3%A0n_c%E1%BB%A7a_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_L%C3%A0o_%E1%BB%9F_Lai_Ch%C3%A2u.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stilt house of Lao people in Lai Châu"><noscript><img alt="Stilt house of Lao people in Lai Châu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Nh%C3%A0_s%C3%A0n_c%E1%BB%A7a_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_L%C3%A0o_%E1%BB%9F_Lai_Ch%C3%A2u.jpg/120px-Nh%C3%A0_s%C3%A0n_c%E1%BB%A7a_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_L%C3%A0o_%E1%BB%9F_Lai_Ch%C3%A2u.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 68px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Nh%C3%A0_s%C3%A0n_c%E1%BB%A7a_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_L%C3%A0o_%E1%BB%9F_Lai_Ch%C3%A2u.jpg/120px-Nh%C3%A0_s%C3%A0n_c%E1%BB%A7a_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_L%C3%A0o_%E1%BB%9F_Lai_Ch%C3%A2u.jpg" data-alt="Stilt house of Lao people in Lai Châu" data-width="120" data-height="68" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Nh%C3%A0_s%C3%A0n_c%E1%BB%A7a_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_L%C3%A0o_%E1%BB%9F_Lai_Ch%C3%A2u.jpg/180px-Nh%C3%A0_s%C3%A0n_c%E1%BB%A7a_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_L%C3%A0o_%E1%BB%9F_Lai_Ch%C3%A2u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Nh%C3%A0_s%C3%A0n_c%E1%BB%A7a_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_L%C3%A0o_%E1%BB%9F_Lai_Ch%C3%A2u.jpg/240px-Nh%C3%A0_s%C3%A0n_c%E1%BB%A7a_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_L%C3%A0o_%E1%BB%9F_Lai_Ch%C3%A2u.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stilt house of <a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lao people</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ch%C3%A2u" title="Lai Châu">Lai Châu</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_H%C3%A0_Nh%C3%AC_(m%E1%BA%B7t_b%C3%AAn).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Hani people house in northern Vietnam"><noscript><img alt="A Hani people house in northern Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_H%C3%A0_Nh%C3%AC_%28m%E1%BA%B7t_b%C3%AAn%29.jpg/120px-Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_H%C3%A0_Nh%C3%AC_%28m%E1%BA%B7t_b%C3%AAn%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_H%C3%A0_Nh%C3%AC_%28m%E1%BA%B7t_b%C3%AAn%29.jpg/120px-Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_H%C3%A0_Nh%C3%AC_%28m%E1%BA%B7t_b%C3%AAn%29.jpg" data-alt="A Hani people house in northern Vietnam" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_H%C3%A0_Nh%C3%AC_%28m%E1%BA%B7t_b%C3%AAn%29.jpg/180px-Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_H%C3%A0_Nh%C3%AC_%28m%E1%BA%B7t_b%C3%AAn%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_H%C3%A0_Nh%C3%AC_%28m%E1%BA%B7t_b%C3%AAn%29.jpg/240px-Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_H%C3%A0_Nh%C3%AC_%28m%E1%BA%B7t_b%C3%AAn%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Hani_people" title="Hani people">Hani people</a> house in northern Vietnam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Dao.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Yao people house in Vietnam"><noscript><img alt="A Yao people house in Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Dao.jpg/120px-Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Dao.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Dao.jpg/120px-Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Dao.jpg" data-alt="A Yao people house in Vietnam" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Dao.jpg/180px-Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Dao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Dao.jpg/240px-Nh%C3%A0_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Dao.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao people</a> house in Vietnam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambo_169.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A typical Khmer stilt house"><noscript><img alt="A typical Khmer stilt house" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cambo_169.jpg/120px-Cambo_169.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cambo_169.jpg/120px-Cambo_169.jpg" data-alt="A typical Khmer stilt house" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cambo_169.jpg/180px-Cambo_169.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cambo_169.jpg/240px-Cambo_169.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A typical <a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a> stilt house</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_peoble_M%27Nong.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Mnong people hut in southern Vietnam"><noscript><img alt="A Mnong people hut in southern Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/House_of_peoble_M%27Nong.jpg/120px-House_of_peoble_M%27Nong.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1404"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 84px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/House_of_peoble_M%27Nong.jpg/120px-House_of_peoble_M%27Nong.jpg" data-alt="A Mnong people hut in southern Vietnam" data-width="120" data-height="84" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/House_of_peoble_M%27Nong.jpg/180px-House_of_peoble_M%27Nong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/House_of_peoble_M%27Nong.jpg/240px-House_of_peoble_M%27Nong.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Mnong_people" title="Mnong people">Mnong people</a> hut in southern Vietnam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nh%C3%A0_ngang_(Ti%C3%AAn_L%E1%BB%AF,_L%E1%BA%ADp_Th%E1%BA%A1ch).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A traditional Vietnamese house in Red River Delta region"><noscript><img alt="A traditional Vietnamese house in Red River Delta region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nh%C3%A0_ngang_%28Ti%C3%AAn_L%E1%BB%AF%2C_L%E1%BA%ADp_Th%E1%BA%A1ch%29.jpg/120px-Nh%C3%A0_ngang_%28Ti%C3%AAn_L%E1%BB%AF%2C_L%E1%BA%ADp_Th%E1%BA%A1ch%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nh%C3%A0_ngang_%28Ti%C3%AAn_L%E1%BB%AF%2C_L%E1%BA%ADp_Th%E1%BA%A1ch%29.jpg/120px-Nh%C3%A0_ngang_%28Ti%C3%AAn_L%E1%BB%AF%2C_L%E1%BA%ADp_Th%E1%BA%A1ch%29.jpg" data-alt="A traditional Vietnamese house in Red River Delta region" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nh%C3%A0_ngang_%28Ti%C3%AAn_L%E1%BB%AF%2C_L%E1%BA%ADp_Th%E1%BA%A1ch%29.jpg/180px-Nh%C3%A0_ngang_%28Ti%C3%AAn_L%E1%BB%AF%2C_L%E1%BA%ADp_Th%E1%BA%A1ch%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nh%C3%A0_ngang_%28Ti%C3%AAn_L%E1%BB%AF%2C_L%E1%BA%ADp_Th%E1%BA%A1ch%29.jpg/240px-Nh%C3%A0_ngang_%28Ti%C3%AAn_L%E1%BB%AF%2C_L%E1%BA%ADp_Th%E1%BA%A1ch%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A traditional Vietnamese house in Red River Delta region</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stone house of the Ivatan people in Batanes, the Philippines"><noscript><img alt="Stone house of the Ivatan people in Batanes, the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg/120px-Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3015" data-file-height="2412"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 96px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg/120px-Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg" data-alt="Stone house of the Ivatan people in Batanes, the Philippines" data-width="120" data-height="96" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg/180px-Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg/240px-Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stone house of the <a href="/wiki/Ivatan_people" title="Ivatan people">Ivatan people</a> in <a href="/wiki/Batanes" title="Batanes">Batanes</a>, the Philippines</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia_and_New_Zealand">Australia and New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Australia and New Zealand" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscow_villa_hut.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moscow Villa Hut, Victorian Alps, Australia"><noscript><img alt="Moscow Villa Hut, Victorian Alps, Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Moscow_villa_hut.jpg/120px-Moscow_villa_hut.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Moscow_villa_hut.jpg/120px-Moscow_villa_hut.jpg" data-alt="Moscow Villa Hut, Victorian Alps, Australia" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Moscow_villa_hut.jpg/180px-Moscow_villa_hut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Moscow_villa_hut.jpg/240px-Moscow_villa_hut.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Villa_Hut" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Villa Hut">Moscow Villa Hut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Alps" title="Victorian Alps">Victorian Alps</a>, Australia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queenslander_House_Brisbane1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title='"Queenslanders" in Brisbane, Australia'><noscript><img alt='"Queenslanders" in Brisbane, Australia' src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Queenslander_House_Brisbane1.jpg/120px-Queenslander_House_Brisbane1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Queenslander_House_Brisbane1.jpg/120px-Queenslander_House_Brisbane1.jpg" data-alt='"Queenslanders" in Brisbane, Australia' data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Queenslander_House_Brisbane1.jpg/180px-Queenslander_House_Brisbane1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Queenslander_House_Brisbane1.jpg/240px-Queenslander_House_Brisbane1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"<a href="/wiki/Queenslander_(architecture)" title="Queenslander (architecture)">Queenslanders</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, Australia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haka1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wharenui Meeting House of the Māori people, Te Papaiouru Marae, New Zealand. 1908"><noscript><img alt="Wharenui Meeting House of the Māori people, Te Papaiouru Marae, New Zealand. 1908" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Haka1908.jpg/120px-Haka1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="479"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 82px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Haka1908.jpg/120px-Haka1908.jpg" data-alt="Wharenui Meeting House of the Māori people, Te Papaiouru Marae, New Zealand. 1908" data-width="120" data-height="82" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Haka1908.jpg/180px-Haka1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Haka1908.jpg/240px-Haka1908.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wharenui" title="Wharenui">Wharenui</a> Meeting House of the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_Papaiouru_Marae" title="Te Papaiouru Marae">Te Papaiouru Marae</a>, New Zealand. 1908</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StateLibQld_2_239273_Bark_humpy_on_Cleveland_Road,_Brisbane,_1874.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Humpy Brisbane, QLD - a structure, often temporary, made from bark or other available materials"><noscript><img alt="Humpy Brisbane, QLD - a structure, often temporary, made from bark or other available materials" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/StateLibQld_2_239273_Bark_humpy_on_Cleveland_Road%2C_Brisbane%2C_1874.jpg/120px-StateLibQld_2_239273_Bark_humpy_on_Cleveland_Road%2C_Brisbane%2C_1874.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="778"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 93px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/StateLibQld_2_239273_Bark_humpy_on_Cleveland_Road%2C_Brisbane%2C_1874.jpg/120px-StateLibQld_2_239273_Bark_humpy_on_Cleveland_Road%2C_Brisbane%2C_1874.jpg" data-alt="Humpy Brisbane, QLD - a structure, often temporary, made from bark or other available materials" data-width="120" data-height="93" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/StateLibQld_2_239273_Bark_humpy_on_Cleveland_Road%2C_Brisbane%2C_1874.jpg/180px-StateLibQld_2_239273_Bark_humpy_on_Cleveland_Road%2C_Brisbane%2C_1874.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/StateLibQld_2_239273_Bark_humpy_on_Cleveland_Road%2C_Brisbane%2C_1874.jpg/240px-StateLibQld_2_239273_Bark_humpy_on_Cleveland_Road%2C_Brisbane%2C_1874.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Humpy" title="Humpy">Humpy</a> Brisbane, QLD - a structure, often temporary, made from bark or other available materials</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Europe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture_in_Norway" title="Vernacular architecture in Norway">Vernacular architecture in Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_vernacular_architecture" title="Estonian vernacular architecture">Estonian vernacular architecture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture_of_Armenia" title="Vernacular architecture of Armenia">Vernacular architecture of Armenia</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VelikiVrag-old-huse-1395.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A traditional village house near Kstovo, Russia"><noscript><img alt="A traditional village house near Kstovo, Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/VelikiVrag-old-huse-1395.jpg/120px-VelikiVrag-old-huse-1395.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/VelikiVrag-old-huse-1395.jpg/120px-VelikiVrag-old-huse-1395.jpg" data-alt="A traditional village house near Kstovo, Russia" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/VelikiVrag-old-huse-1395.jpg/180px-VelikiVrag-old-huse-1395.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/VelikiVrag-old-huse-1395.jpg/240px-VelikiVrag-old-huse-1395.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A traditional village house near <a href="/wiki/Kstovo" title="Kstovo">Kstovo</a>, Russia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountain_log_cabin_in_Pyrohiv_2409.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Timber-cutter's mountain log cabin at the Museum of Folk Architecture, Pyrohiv, Ukraine"><noscript><img alt="Timber-cutter's mountain log cabin at the Museum of Folk Architecture, Pyrohiv, Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Mountain_log_cabin_in_Pyrohiv_2409.JPG/120px-Mountain_log_cabin_in_Pyrohiv_2409.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Mountain_log_cabin_in_Pyrohiv_2409.JPG/120px-Mountain_log_cabin_in_Pyrohiv_2409.JPG" data-alt="Timber-cutter's mountain log cabin at the Museum of Folk Architecture, Pyrohiv, Ukraine" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Mountain_log_cabin_in_Pyrohiv_2409.JPG/180px-Mountain_log_cabin_in_Pyrohiv_2409.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Mountain_log_cabin_in_Pyrohiv_2409.JPG/240px-Mountain_log_cabin_in_Pyrohiv_2409.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Timber-cutter's mountain log cabin at the Museum of Folk Architecture, <a href="/wiki/Pyrohiv" title="Pyrohiv">Pyrohiv</a>, Ukraine</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bychawa_shtetl-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Jewish village at Bychawa, Poland, prior to WWII"><noscript><img alt="A Jewish village at Bychawa, Poland, prior to WWII" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bychawa_shtetl-1.jpg/120px-Bychawa_shtetl-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="672"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 81px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bychawa_shtetl-1.jpg/120px-Bychawa_shtetl-1.jpg" data-alt="A Jewish village at Bychawa, Poland, prior to WWII" data-width="120" data-height="81" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bychawa_shtetl-1.jpg/180px-Bychawa_shtetl-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bychawa_shtetl-1.jpg/240px-Bychawa_shtetl-1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Shtetl" title="Shtetl">Jewish village</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bychawa" title="Bychawa">Bychawa</a>, Poland, prior to WWII</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Greek_house_and_walls_rendered_and_white_washed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thick walled, whitewashed houses commonly found on many of Greece's Aegean Islands"><noscript><img alt="Thick walled, whitewashed houses commonly found on many of Greece's Aegean Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/A_Greek_house_and_walls_rendered_and_white_washed.jpg/120px-A_Greek_house_and_walls_rendered_and_white_washed.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/A_Greek_house_and_walls_rendered_and_white_washed.jpg/120px-A_Greek_house_and_walls_rendered_and_white_washed.jpg" data-alt="Thick walled, whitewashed houses commonly found on many of Greece's Aegean Islands" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/A_Greek_house_and_walls_rendered_and_white_washed.jpg/180px-A_Greek_house_and_walls_rendered_and_white_washed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/A_Greek_house_and_walls_rendered_and_white_washed.jpg/240px-A_Greek_house_and_walls_rendered_and_white_washed.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thick walled, <a href="/wiki/Whitewash" title="Whitewash">whitewashed</a> houses commonly found on many of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece's</a> <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Islands" title="Aegean Islands">Aegean Islands</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Payerhuette_HQ.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Payerhütte in the Ortler Alps, Italy"><noscript><img alt="Payerhütte in the Ortler Alps, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Payerhuette_HQ.jpg/120px-Payerhuette_HQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="499"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Payerhuette_HQ.jpg/120px-Payerhuette_HQ.jpg" data-alt="Payerhütte in the Ortler Alps, Italy" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Payerhuette_HQ.jpg/180px-Payerhuette_HQ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Payerhuette_HQ.jpg/240px-Payerhuette_HQ.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Payerh%C3%BCtte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Payerhütte (page does not exist)">Payerhütte</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ortler_Alps" title="Ortler Alps">Ortler Alps</a>, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1997_Arnol_Blackhouse_Lewis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Blackhouse Museum, Arnol, Isle of Lewis, Scotland"><noscript><img alt="The Blackhouse Museum, Arnol, Isle of Lewis, Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/1997_Arnol_Blackhouse_Lewis.jpg/120px-1997_Arnol_Blackhouse_Lewis.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3020" data-file-height="1949"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 77px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/1997_Arnol_Blackhouse_Lewis.jpg/120px-1997_Arnol_Blackhouse_Lewis.jpg" data-alt="The Blackhouse Museum, Arnol, Isle of Lewis, Scotland" data-width="120" data-height="77" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/1997_Arnol_Blackhouse_Lewis.jpg/180px-1997_Arnol_Blackhouse_Lewis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/1997_Arnol_Blackhouse_Lewis.jpg/240px-1997_Arnol_Blackhouse_Lewis.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Blackhouse Museum, <a href="/wiki/Arnol" title="Arnol">Arnol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Lewis" title="Isle of Lewis">Isle of Lewis</a>, Scotland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1568_-_240411_-_Parte_posterior_de_la_Casa_do_Penedo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Casa do Penedo, Portugal"><noscript><img alt="Casa do Penedo, Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1568_-_240411_-_Parte_posterior_de_la_Casa_do_Penedo.jpg/120px-1568_-_240411_-_Parte_posterior_de_la_Casa_do_Penedo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1063"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1568_-_240411_-_Parte_posterior_de_la_Casa_do_Penedo.jpg/120px-1568_-_240411_-_Parte_posterior_de_la_Casa_do_Penedo.jpg" data-alt="Casa do Penedo, Portugal" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1568_-_240411_-_Parte_posterior_de_la_Casa_do_Penedo.jpg/180px-1568_-_240411_-_Parte_posterior_de_la_Casa_do_Penedo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1568_-_240411_-_Parte_posterior_de_la_Casa_do_Penedo.jpg/240px-1568_-_240411_-_Parte_posterior_de_la_Casa_do_Penedo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Casa_do_Penedo" title="Casa do Penedo">Casa do Penedo</a>, Portugal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shatili_Arrival2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Defensive housing in Shatili, Georgia"><noscript><img alt="Defensive housing in Shatili, Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Shatili_Arrival2.jpg/120px-Shatili_Arrival2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Shatili_Arrival2.jpg/120px-Shatili_Arrival2.jpg" data-alt="Defensive housing in Shatili, Georgia" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Shatili_Arrival2.jpg/180px-Shatili_Arrival2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Shatili_Arrival2.jpg/240px-Shatili_Arrival2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Defensive housing in <a href="/wiki/Shatili" title="Shatili">Shatili</a>, Georgia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_houses_in_Sighnaghi,_Georgia.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Old houses in Sighnaghi, Georgia"><noscript><img alt="Old houses in Sighnaghi, Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Old_houses_in_Sighnaghi%2C_Georgia.JPG/120px-Old_houses_in_Sighnaghi%2C_Georgia.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Old_houses_in_Sighnaghi%2C_Georgia.JPG/120px-Old_houses_in_Sighnaghi%2C_Georgia.JPG" data-alt="Old houses in Sighnaghi, Georgia" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Old_houses_in_Sighnaghi%2C_Georgia.JPG/180px-Old_houses_in_Sighnaghi%2C_Georgia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Old_houses_in_Sighnaghi%2C_Georgia.JPG/240px-Old_houses_in_Sighnaghi%2C_Georgia.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old houses in <a href="/wiki/Sighnaghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sighnaghi">Sighnaghi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swtan,_historic_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Welsh thatched longhouse, named Swtan, dating back to the 16th century. Anglesey, Wales"><noscript><img alt="Welsh thatched longhouse, named Swtan, dating back to the 16th century. Anglesey, Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Swtan%2C_historic_photo.jpg/120px-Swtan%2C_historic_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="577"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 76px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Swtan%2C_historic_photo.jpg/120px-Swtan%2C_historic_photo.jpg" data-alt="Welsh thatched longhouse, named Swtan, dating back to the 16th century. Anglesey, Wales" data-width="120" data-height="76" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Swtan%2C_historic_photo.jpg/180px-Swtan%2C_historic_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Swtan%2C_historic_photo.jpg/240px-Swtan%2C_historic_photo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Welsh thatched longhouse, named Swtan, dating back to the 16th century. <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>, Wales</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altja_paadikuurid.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fishermen huts in Altja, Estonia"><noscript><img alt="Fishermen huts in Altja, Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Altja_paadikuurid.jpg/120px-Altja_paadikuurid.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7150" data-file-height="3972"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 67px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Altja_paadikuurid.jpg/120px-Altja_paadikuurid.jpg" data-alt="Fishermen huts in Altja, Estonia" data-width="120" data-height="67" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Altja_paadikuurid.jpg/180px-Altja_paadikuurid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Altja_paadikuurid.jpg/240px-Altja_paadikuurid.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fishermen huts in <a href="/wiki/Altja" title="Altja">Altja</a>, Estonia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piod%C3%A3o_DSC00098_(36307060003).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Houses of Schist, Lousã Hills, Portugal"><noscript><img alt="Houses of Schist, Lousã Hills, Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Piod%C3%A3o_DSC00098_%2836307060003%29.jpg/120px-Piod%C3%A3o_DSC00098_%2836307060003%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Piod%C3%A3o_DSC00098_%2836307060003%29.jpg/120px-Piod%C3%A3o_DSC00098_%2836307060003%29.jpg" data-alt="Houses of Schist, Lousã Hills, Portugal" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Piod%C3%A3o_DSC00098_%2836307060003%29.jpg/180px-Piod%C3%A3o_DSC00098_%2836307060003%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Piod%C3%A3o_DSC00098_%2836307060003%29.jpg/240px-Piod%C3%A3o_DSC00098_%2836307060003%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Houses of Schist, <a href="/wiki/Lous%C3%A3" title="Lousã">Lousã</a> Hills, Portugal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Barcares_Fishing_Hut.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Le Barcarès 19th century fishing hut, France"><noscript><img alt="Le Barcarès 19th century fishing hut, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Le_Barcares_Fishing_Hut.jpg/120px-Le_Barcares_Fishing_Hut.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Le_Barcares_Fishing_Hut.jpg/120px-Le_Barcares_Fishing_Hut.jpg" data-alt="Le Barcarès 19th century fishing hut, France" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Le_Barcares_Fishing_Hut.jpg/180px-Le_Barcares_Fishing_Hut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Le_Barcares_Fishing_Hut.jpg/240px-Le_Barcares_Fishing_Hut.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Le_Barcar%C3%A8s" title="Le Barcarès">Le Barcarès</a> 19th century fishing hut, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alberobello_BW_2016-10-16_13-43-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trulli in Apulia, Italy"><noscript><img alt="Trulli in Apulia, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Alberobello_BW_2016-10-16_13-43-03.jpg/120px-Alberobello_BW_2016-10-16_13-43-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5722" data-file-height="3852"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 81px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Alberobello_BW_2016-10-16_13-43-03.jpg/120px-Alberobello_BW_2016-10-16_13-43-03.jpg" data-alt="Trulli in Apulia, Italy" data-width="120" data-height="81" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Alberobello_BW_2016-10-16_13-43-03.jpg/180px-Alberobello_BW_2016-10-16_13-43-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Alberobello_BW_2016-10-16_13-43-03.jpg/240px-Alberobello_BW_2016-10-16_13-43-03.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Trullo" title="Trullo">Trulli</a> in <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yola_hut_-Tagoat_Co._Wexford.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Yola hut in Tagoat, County Wexford, Ireland"><noscript><img alt="Yola hut in Tagoat, County Wexford, Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Yola_hut_-Tagoat_Co._Wexford.JPG/120px-Yola_hut_-Tagoat_Co._Wexford.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Yola_hut_-Tagoat_Co._Wexford.JPG/120px-Yola_hut_-Tagoat_Co._Wexford.JPG" data-alt="Yola hut in Tagoat, County Wexford, Ireland" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Yola_hut_-Tagoat_Co._Wexford.JPG/180px-Yola_hut_-Tagoat_Co._Wexford.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Yola_hut_-Tagoat_Co._Wexford.JPG/240px-Yola_hut_-Tagoat_Co._Wexford.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yola hut in <a href="/wiki/Tagoat" title="Tagoat">Tagoat</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Wexford" title="County Wexford">County Wexford</a>, Ireland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%BF_%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB_106.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old house in the Khot village of Syunik, Armenia"><noscript><img alt="Old house in the Khot village of Syunik, Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%BF_%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB_106.jpg/120px-%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%BF_%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB_106.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%BF_%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB_106.jpg/120px-%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%BF_%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB_106.jpg" data-alt="Old house in the Khot village of Syunik, Armenia" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%BF_%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB_106.jpg/180px-%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%BF_%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB_106.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%BF_%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB_106.jpg/240px-%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%BF_%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB_106.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old house in the <a href="/wiki/Khot,_Armenia" title="Khot, Armenia">Khot</a> village of <a href="/wiki/Syunik_Province" title="Syunik Province">Syunik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D4%BA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dilijan museum of traditional art in Tavush, Armenia"><noscript><img alt="Dilijan museum of traditional art in Tavush, Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%D4%BA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2.JPG/120px-%D4%BA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%D4%BA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2.JPG/120px-%D4%BA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2.JPG" data-alt="Dilijan museum of traditional art in Tavush, Armenia" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%D4%BA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2.JPG/180px-%D4%BA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%D4%BA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2.JPG/240px-%D4%BA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dilijan" title="Dilijan">Dilijan</a> museum of traditional art in <a href="/wiki/Tavush_Province" title="Tavush Province">Tavush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tronderlaane_in_Oppdal_Norway.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trønderlåne in Oppdal, Norway"><noscript><img alt="Trønderlåne in Oppdal, Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tronderlaane_in_Oppdal_Norway.jpg/120px-Tronderlaane_in_Oppdal_Norway.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2070" data-file-height="1370"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 79px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tronderlaane_in_Oppdal_Norway.jpg/120px-Tronderlaane_in_Oppdal_Norway.jpg" data-alt="Trønderlåne in Oppdal, Norway" data-width="120" data-height="79" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tronderlaane_in_Oppdal_Norway.jpg/180px-Tronderlaane_in_Oppdal_Norway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tronderlaane_in_Oppdal_Norway.jpg/240px-Tronderlaane_in_Oppdal_Norway.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture_in_Norway" title="Vernacular architecture in Norway">Trønderlåne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oppdal_Municipality" title="Oppdal Municipality">Oppdal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%85_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dagestani saklyas in Chokh aul"><noscript><img alt="Dagestani saklyas in Chokh aul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%85_4.JPG/120px-%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%85_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4176" data-file-height="2784"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%85_4.JPG/120px-%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%85_4.JPG" data-alt="Dagestani saklyas in Chokh aul" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%85_4.JPG/180px-%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%85_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%85_4.JPG/240px-%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%85_4.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dagestani saklyas in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chokh_(Dagestan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chokh (Dagestan) (page does not exist)">Chokh</a> aul</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: North America" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valley_Forge_cabin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Replica log cabin at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania"><noscript><img alt="Replica log cabin at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Valley_Forge_cabin.jpg/120px-Valley_Forge_cabin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Valley_Forge_cabin.jpg/120px-Valley_Forge_cabin.jpg" data-alt="Replica log cabin at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Valley_Forge_cabin.jpg/180px-Valley_Forge_cabin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Valley_Forge_cabin.jpg/240px-Valley_Forge_cabin.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Replica log cabin at <a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge,_Pennsylvania" title="Valley Forge, Pennsylvania">Valley Forge, Pennsylvania</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apache_Wickiup,_Edward_Curtis,_1903.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apache Wickiup"><noscript><img alt="Apache Wickiup" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Apache_Wickiup%2C_Edward_Curtis%2C_1903.jpg/120px-Apache_Wickiup%2C_Edward_Curtis%2C_1903.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1854"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 89px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Apache_Wickiup%2C_Edward_Curtis%2C_1903.jpg/120px-Apache_Wickiup%2C_Edward_Curtis%2C_1903.jpg" data-alt="Apache Wickiup" data-width="120" data-height="89" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Apache_Wickiup%2C_Edward_Curtis%2C_1903.jpg/180px-Apache_Wickiup%2C_Edward_Curtis%2C_1903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Apache_Wickiup%2C_Edward_Curtis%2C_1903.jpg/240px-Apache_Wickiup%2C_Edward_Curtis%2C_1903.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apache <a href="/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam">Wickiup</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maison_Bequette-Ribault.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Maison Bequette-Ribault, a French style building in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri"><noscript><img alt="The Maison Bequette-Ribault, a French style building in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Maison_Bequette-Ribault.jpg/120px-Maison_Bequette-Ribault.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Maison_Bequette-Ribault.jpg/120px-Maison_Bequette-Ribault.jpg" data-alt="The Maison Bequette-Ribault, a French style building in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Maison_Bequette-Ribault.jpg/180px-Maison_Bequette-Ribault.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Maison_Bequette-Ribault.jpg/240px-Maison_Bequette-Ribault.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Maison Bequette-Ribault, a French style building in <a href="/wiki/Ste._Genevieve,_Missouri" title="Ste. Genevieve, Missouri">Ste. Genevieve, Missouri</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maison_Bolduc.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maison Bolduc, in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri is a grander building in the same style as the Maison Bequette-Ribault."><noscript><img alt="Maison Bolduc, in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri is a grander building in the same style as the Maison Bequette-Ribault." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Maison_Bolduc.jpg/120px-Maison_Bolduc.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1930" data-file-height="1378"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 86px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Maison_Bolduc.jpg/120px-Maison_Bolduc.jpg" data-alt="Maison Bolduc, in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri is a grander building in the same style as the Maison Bequette-Ribault." data-width="120" data-height="86" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Maison_Bolduc.jpg/180px-Maison_Bolduc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Maison_Bolduc.jpg/240px-Maison_Bolduc.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maison_Bolduc" class="mw-redirect" title="Maison Bolduc">Maison Bolduc</a>, in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri is a grander building in the same style as the Maison Bequette-Ribault.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lasource-Durand_House_Under_a_Tree_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lasource-Durand house in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri"><noscript><img alt="The Lasource-Durand house in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lasource-Durand_House_Under_a_Tree_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg/120px-Lasource-Durand_House_Under_a_Tree_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 86px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lasource-Durand_House_Under_a_Tree_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg/120px-Lasource-Durand_House_Under_a_Tree_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg" data-alt="The Lasource-Durand house in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri" data-width="120" data-height="86" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lasource-Durand_House_Under_a_Tree_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg/180px-Lasource-Durand_House_Under_a_Tree_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lasource-Durand_House_Under_a_Tree_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg/240px-Lasource-Durand_House_Under_a_Tree_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Lasource-Durand house in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_a_house_on_Gabouri_St_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A house on Gabouri Creek in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri"><noscript><img alt="A house on Gabouri Creek in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Photograph_of_a_house_on_Gabouri_St_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg/120px-Photograph_of_a_house_on_Gabouri_St_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2645" data-file-height="1889"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 86px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Photograph_of_a_house_on_Gabouri_St_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg/120px-Photograph_of_a_house_on_Gabouri_St_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg" data-alt="A house on Gabouri Creek in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri" data-width="120" data-height="86" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Photograph_of_a_house_on_Gabouri_St_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg/180px-Photograph_of_a_house_on_Gabouri_St_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Photograph_of_a_house_on_Gabouri_St_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg/240px-Photograph_of_a_house_on_Gabouri_St_in_Ste_Genevieve_MO.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A house on Gabouri Creek in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quonset.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Quonset huts in Point Mugu, California in 1946 (Laguna Peak in background)"><noscript><img alt="Quonset huts in Point Mugu, California in 1946 (Laguna Peak in background)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Quonset.jpg/120px-Quonset.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="210"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 84px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Quonset.jpg/120px-Quonset.jpg" data-alt="Quonset huts in Point Mugu, California in 1946 (Laguna Peak in background)" data-width="120" data-height="84" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Quonset.jpg/180px-Quonset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Quonset.jpg/240px-Quonset.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Quonset_hut" title="Quonset hut">Quonset huts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Point_Mugu,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Point Mugu, California">Point Mugu, California</a> in 1946 (<a href="/wiki/Laguna_Peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Laguna Peak">Laguna Peak</a> in background)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slave_cabin_Arundel_Plantation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Slave cabin, Arundel Plantation, Georgetown County, South Carolina"><noscript><img alt="Slave cabin, Arundel Plantation, Georgetown County, South Carolina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Slave_cabin_Arundel_Plantation.jpg/120px-Slave_cabin_Arundel_Plantation.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4648" data-file-height="3267"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 84px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Slave_cabin_Arundel_Plantation.jpg/120px-Slave_cabin_Arundel_Plantation.jpg" data-alt="Slave cabin, Arundel Plantation, Georgetown County, South Carolina" data-width="120" data-height="84" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Slave_cabin_Arundel_Plantation.jpg/180px-Slave_cabin_Arundel_Plantation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Slave_cabin_Arundel_Plantation.jpg/240px-Slave_cabin_Arundel_Plantation.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Slave cabin, Arundel Plantation, <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_County,_South_Carolina" title="Georgetown County, South Carolina">Georgetown County, South Carolina</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abandoned_Virginia_farmhouse_in_Creeds_LR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An abandoned and decaying example of Southern American rural vernacular architecture commonly seen in the 1800s and 1900s, surviving well into the 21st century"><noscript><img alt="An abandoned and decaying example of Southern American rural vernacular architecture commonly seen in the 1800s and 1900s, surviving well into the 21st century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Abandoned_Virginia_farmhouse_in_Creeds_LR.jpg/120px-Abandoned_Virginia_farmhouse_in_Creeds_LR.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7578" data-file-height="5504"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 87px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Abandoned_Virginia_farmhouse_in_Creeds_LR.jpg/120px-Abandoned_Virginia_farmhouse_in_Creeds_LR.jpg" data-alt="An abandoned and decaying example of Southern American rural vernacular architecture commonly seen in the 1800s and 1900s, surviving well into the 21st century" data-width="120" data-height="87" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Abandoned_Virginia_farmhouse_in_Creeds_LR.jpg/180px-Abandoned_Virginia_farmhouse_in_Creeds_LR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Abandoned_Virginia_farmhouse_in_Creeds_LR.jpg/240px-Abandoned_Virginia_farmhouse_in_Creeds_LR.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An abandoned and decaying example of Southern American rural vernacular architecture commonly seen in the 1800s and 1900s, surviving well into the 21st century</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: South America" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chalet_Guemes_al_sur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Mar del Plata style chalet, with its traditional coating of locally extracted orthoquartzite in Mar del Plata, Argentina"><noscript><img alt="A Mar del Plata style chalet, with its traditional coating of locally extracted orthoquartzite in Mar del Plata, Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chalet_Guemes_al_sur.jpg/120px-Chalet_Guemes_al_sur.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3862" data-file-height="2172"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 67px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chalet_Guemes_al_sur.jpg/120px-Chalet_Guemes_al_sur.jpg" data-alt="A Mar del Plata style chalet, with its traditional coating of locally extracted orthoquartzite in Mar del Plata, Argentina" data-width="120" data-height="67" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chalet_Guemes_al_sur.jpg/180px-Chalet_Guemes_al_sur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chalet_Guemes_al_sur.jpg/240px-Chalet_Guemes_al_sur.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Mar_del_Plata_style" title="Mar del Plata style">Mar del Plata style</a> chalet, with its traditional coating of locally extracted <a href="/wiki/Orthoquartzite" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthoquartzite">orthoquartzite</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mar_del_Plata" title="Mar del Plata">Mar del Plata</a>, Argentina</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oca_do_Brasil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oca, a communal house typical of the indigenous people of Brazil"><noscript><img alt="Oca, a communal house typical of the indigenous people of Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Oca_do_Brasil.jpg/120px-Oca_do_Brasil.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4012" data-file-height="2665"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Oca_do_Brasil.jpg/120px-Oca_do_Brasil.jpg" data-alt="Oca, a communal house typical of the indigenous people of Brazil" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Oca_do_Brasil.jpg/180px-Oca_do_Brasil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Oca_do_Brasil.jpg/240px-Oca_do_Brasil.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Oca_(structure)" title="Oca (structure)">Oca</a>, a communal house typical of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">indigenous people of Brazil</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palafitos_De_Castro_(72870335).jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palafitos in Castro, Chiloé Island, Chile"><noscript><img alt="Palafitos in Castro, Chiloé Island, Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Palafitos_De_Castro_%2872870335%29.jpeg/120px-Palafitos_De_Castro_%2872870335%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Palafitos_De_Castro_%2872870335%29.jpeg/120px-Palafitos_De_Castro_%2872870335%29.jpeg" data-alt="Palafitos in Castro, Chiloé Island, Chile" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Palafitos_De_Castro_%2872870335%29.jpeg/180px-Palafitos_De_Castro_%2872870335%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Palafitos_De_Castro_%2872870335%29.jpeg/240px-Palafitos_De_Castro_%2872870335%29.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Palafitos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Castro,_Chile" title="Castro, Chile">Castro, Chiloé Island, Chile</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maloca_ind%C3%ADgena_Cubay_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A maloca, typical of the indigenous peoples of the Amazon Rainforest"><noscript><img alt="A maloca, typical of the indigenous peoples of the Amazon Rainforest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Maloca_ind%C3%ADgena_Cubay_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Maloca_ind%C3%ADgena_Cubay_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Maloca_ind%C3%ADgena_Cubay_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Maloca_ind%C3%ADgena_Cubay_-_panoramio.jpg" data-alt="A maloca, typical of the indigenous peoples of the Amazon Rainforest" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Maloca_ind%C3%ADgena_Cubay_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Maloca_ind%C3%ADgena_Cubay_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Maloca_ind%C3%ADgena_Cubay_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Maloca_ind%C3%ADgena_Cubay_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Maloca" title="Maloca">maloca</a>, typical of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America" title="Indigenous peoples of South America">indigenous peoples of the Amazon Rainforest</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_house_in_San_Salvador_123045.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An old house in San Salvador, El Salvador"><noscript><img alt="An old house in San Salvador, El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Old_house_in_San_Salvador_123045.jpg/120px-Old_house_in_San_Salvador_123045.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 68px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Old_house_in_San_Salvador_123045.jpg/120px-Old_house_in_San_Salvador_123045.jpg" data-alt="An old house in San Salvador, El Salvador" data-width="120" data-height="68" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Old_house_in_San_Salvador_123045.jpg/180px-Old_house_in_San_Salvador_123045.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Old_house_in_San_Salvador_123045.jpg/240px-Old_house_in_San_Salvador_123045.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An old house in San Salvador, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></div> </li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vernacular_architecture_by_country" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vernacular architecture by country">Vernacular architecture by country</a></span>.</div></div> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Types_and_examples_by_region">Types and examples by region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Types and examples by region" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_city_of_Basra_1954.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Old_city_of_Basra_1954.jpg/220px-Old_city_of_Basra_1954.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Old_city_of_Basra_1954.jpg/220px-Old_city_of_Basra_1954.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Old_city_of_Basra_1954.jpg/330px-Old_city_of_Basra_1954.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Old_city_of_Basra_1954.jpg/440px-Old_city_of_Basra_1954.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Mashrabiya (or shanashol window) in the old city of Basra, 1954</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mudhif_by_Gertrude_Bell_1918_or_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mudhif_by_Gertrude_Bell_1918_or_1920.jpg/220px-Mudhif_by_Gertrude_Bell_1918_or_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="265"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mudhif_by_Gertrude_Bell_1918_or_1920.jpg/220px-Mudhif_by_Gertrude_Bell_1918_or_1920.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mudhif_by_Gertrude_Bell_1918_or_1920.jpg/330px-Mudhif_by_Gertrude_Bell_1918_or_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Mudhif_by_Gertrude_Bell_1918_or_1920.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Mudhif, photo by Gertrude Bell 1918 or 1920</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMG_2622-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/IMG_2622-1.JPG/220px-IMG_2622-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/IMG_2622-1.JPG/220px-IMG_2622-1.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/IMG_2622-1.JPG/330px-IMG_2622-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/IMG_2622-1.JPG/440px-IMG_2622-1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Museum of Decorative Finishes in <a href="/wiki/Pereiaslav" title="Pereiaslav">Pereiaslav</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Inter-regional</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bender_tent" title="Bender tent">Bender tent</a> – a temporary dwelling used by Nomadic people</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a> – a raised house found in monsoonal regions, especially <a href="/wiki/Monsoon_of_South_Asia" title="Monsoon of South Asia">monsoonal South Asia</a> or other areas prone to flooding</li></ul> <p><b>Brazil</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">Bustee</a> – a dwelling made from waste materials, often associated with the slums of India or the <a href="/wiki/Favella" class="mw-redirect" title="Favella">favellas</a> of Brazil</li></ul> <p><b>Canada</b> </p> <ul><li>Canadian Railway style – <a href="/wiki/Railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway station">Railway stations</a> built in Canada in the 19th and early 20th centuries were often simple wood structures that lacked decorative features. Some of these stations survive today but not as active railway stations.</li></ul> <p><b>Iraq</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desert_castles" title="Desert castles">Desert castles</a> – (in Arabic, known as q'sar) fortified palaces or <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castles</a> built during the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> period, the ruins of which are now scattered across the semi-arid regions of north-eastern <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, Israel, <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> and Iraq. These often served as hunting lodges for noble families.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudhif" title="Mudhif">Mudhif</a> – a traditional building constructed entirely of reeds and common to the Marsh Arabs of southern Iraq. Many were destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>, but since 2003, Arab communities have been returning to their traditional homes and way of life.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Germany</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_house" title="Gulf house">Gulf house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_German_house" title="Low German house">Low German house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_German_house" title="Middle German house">Middle German house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Frisian_farmhouse" title="Old Frisian farmhouse">Old Frisian farmhouse</a></li></ul> <p><b>Indonesia</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rumah_adat" title="Rumah adat">Rumah adat</a></div> <p><b>Israel</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukkah" title="Sukkah">Sukkah</a> – a temporary dwelling for use during the Jewish holiday of <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a>. A sukkah must be made of organic materials, have three walls, and must have a roof that is partially open to the sky. The roof is typically made of branches or thatch.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_room_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Four room house">Four room house</a> – Iron Age structures constructed of mud and stone.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wild Bau cladding style – the practice of repurposing rubble from Israeli structures destroyed during wars and terrorist attacks in masonry, especially in <a href="/wiki/Katamon" title="Katamon">Katamon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Italy</b> </p> <ul><li>Alpine 'barn' houses – dwellings built on the storey above the ground floor, which housed cattle during winter</li> <li>Dammuso (Dammusu) – dry stone housing of <a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassi_di_Matera" title="Sassi di Matera">Sassi di Matera</a> – cave dwellings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trullo" title="Trullo">Trullo</a> – dry stone hut-shaped house with a conical roof</li></ul> <p><b>Norway</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture_in_Norway" title="Vernacular architecture in Norway">Vernacular architecture in Norway</a></div> <p><b>Philippines</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torogan" title="Torogan">Torogan</a> sleeping house in <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li></ul> <p><b>Scotland</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Vernacular" title="Scottish Vernacular">Scottish Vernacular</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bastle_house" title="Bastle house">Bastle house</a> – a multi-storey, fortified farmhouse with sophisticated security measures designed to provide defense against the frequent raiding parties along the Scottish border.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackhouse" title="Blackhouse">Blackhouse</a> – a traditional <a href="/wiki/Dry-stone_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry-stone wall">dry-stone wall</a> building, roofed with <a href="/wiki/Thatch" class="mw-redirect" title="Thatch">thatch</a> of turf, a <a href="/wiki/Flagstone" title="Flagstone">flagstone</a> floor and central hearth, designed to accommodate livestock and people, separated by a partition.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Crofters' cottage – a simple construction of stone walls filled with earth for insulation, a thatched or turf roof and stone slabs were set into the middle of the room for a peat fire which provided some form of central heating. An unusual croft house Brotchie's Steading, <a href="/wiki/Dunnet" title="Dunnet">Dunnet</a> was built with whale bone couples.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Wales#Cruck_construction" title="Architecture of Wales">Cruck house</a> – a medieval structure designed to cope with shortages of long-span timber. The frame of the structure uses "siles" or "couples" (a type of fork) for the end walls. The walls do not support the roof, which is instead carried on the cruck frame. This type of building is common throughout England, Scotland and Wales, although only a few intact examples have survived.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shieling" title="Shieling">Shieling</a> – a type of temporary hut (or a collection of huts) constructed of stone, sod and turf used as a dwelling during the summer months when highlanders took their livestock to higher ground in search of new pasture.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_house" title="Tower house">Tower house</a> or <a href="/wiki/Peel_tower" title="Peel tower">peel tower</a> – a medieval building, typically of stone, constructed by the aristocratic classes as a defensible residence.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Turf house – e.g. <a href="/wiki/Medieval_turf_building_in_Cronberry" title="Medieval turf building in Cronberry">East Ayrshire, Medieval turf house</a></li></ul> <p><b>Spain</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe" title="Adobe">Adobe house</a> – mudbrick buildings found in Spain and Spanish colonies</li></ul> <p><b>United States</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creole_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Creole architecture in the United States">Creole architecture in the United States</a> – a type of house or cottage common along the Gulf Coast and associated rivers, especially in southern Louisiana and Mississippi.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_lodge" title="Earth lodge">Earth lodge</a> – a subterranean dwelling used by the <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogan" title="Hogan">Hogan</a> – traditional dwelling of <a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a> people</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Young_(architect)" title="Earl Young (architect)">Earl A. Young</a> (born 31 March 1889 – 24 May 1975) was an American architect, realtor and insurance agent. Over a span of 52 years, he designed and built 31 structures in <a href="/wiki/Charlevoix,_Michigan" title="Charlevoix, Michigan">Charlevoix, Michigan</a> but was never a registered <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hyster_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyster-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked mostly in <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">stone</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fieldstone" title="Fieldstone">fieldstone</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Boulders" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulders">boulders</a> he found throughout <a href="/wiki/Northern_Michigan" title="Northern Michigan">Northern Michigan</a>. The homes are commonly referred to as <a href="/wiki/Gnome" title="Gnome">gnome</a> homes, <a href="/wiki/Mushroom_House" title="Mushroom House">mushroom houses</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hobbit_hole" class="mw-redirect" title="Hobbit hole">Hobbit houses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hyster_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyster-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His door, window, roof and fireplace designs were very distinct because of his use of curved lines. Young's goal was to show that a small stone house could be as impressive as a castle. Young also helped make Charlevoix the busy, summer resort town that it is today.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Ukraine</b> </p><p>Different regions in Ukraine have their own examples of vernacular architecture. For example, in the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathian Mountains</a> and the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Foothills" title="Foothills">foothills</a>, wood and clay are the primary traditional building materials. <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_architecture" title="Ukrainian architecture">Ukrainian architecture</a> is preserved at the Museum of Folk Architecture and Way of Life of Central <a href="/wiki/Naddnipryanshchyna" class="mw-redirect" title="Naddnipryanshchyna">Naddnipryanshchyna</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Pereiaslav" title="Pereiaslav">Pereiaslav</a>, Ukraine. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_architecture" title="Indigenous architecture">Indigenous architecture</a></li></ul> <p>House types: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-frame_house" class="mw-redirect" title="A-frame house">A-frame house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabara" title="Barabara">Barabara</a> (Aleut)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastle_house" title="Bastle house">Bastle house</a> (England, Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beehive_house" title="Beehive house">Beehive house</a> (Bantu, Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bender_tent" title="Bender tent">Bender tent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackhouse" title="Blackhouse">Blackhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothy" title="Bothy">Bothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungalow" title="Bungalow">Bungalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a> (Romania, Ukraine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabana_(structure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabana (structure)">Cabana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalet" title="Chalet">Chalet</a> (Alpine regions of Europe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloch%C3%A1n" title="Clochán">Clochán</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruck_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruck house">Cruck house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_lodge" title="Earth lodge">Earth lodge</a> (American Indian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_room_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Four room house">Four room house</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">ancient Israel and Judah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_house" title="Gulf house">Gulf house</a> (<a href="/wiki/East_Frisia" title="East Frisia">East Frisia</a> and North Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_house" title="Hall house">Hall house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-timbered_construction" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-timbered construction">Half-timbered construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut_(dwelling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hut (dwelling)">Hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_turf_house" title="Icelandic turf house">Icelandic turf house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo">Igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Khmer_house" title="Rural Khmer house">Khmer house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_types" title="List of house types">List of house types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_habitation_forms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of human habitation forms">List of human habitation forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_cabin" title="Log cabin">Log cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_German_house" title="Low German house">Low German house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiya" title="Machiya">Machiya</a> – Japan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay houses">Malay houses</a> – traditional houses of Bahasa people of Malaya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitato" title="Mitato">Mitato</a> (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_hut" title="Mountain hut">Mountain hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudhif" title="Mudhif">Mudhif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakamal" title="Nakamal">Nakamal</a> (Vanuatu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipa_hut" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipa hut">Nipa hut</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oast_house" title="Oast house">Oast house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oca_(structure)" title="Oca (structure)">Oca</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Frisian_farmhouse" title="Old Frisian farmhouse">Old Frisian farmhouse</a> (the Netherlands and North German Plain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orri" title="Orri">Orri</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_tower" title="Peel tower">Peel tower</a> (England, Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queenslander_(architecture)" title="Queenslander (architecture)">The Queenslander</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondavel" title="Rondavel">Rondavel</a> (Central and South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumoh_Aceh" title="Rumoh Aceh">Rumoh Aceh</a> – indigenous architecture of Aceh, Indonesia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheiling" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheiling">Sheiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_house" title="Shotgun house">Shotgun house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sod_house" title="Sod house">Sod house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">Tipi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torogan" title="Torogan">Torogan</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_house" title="Tower house">Tower house</a> (Scotland, Spain and mountainous regions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trullo" title="Trullo">Trullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wharenui" title="Wharenui">Wharenui</a> – a Māori longhouse (New Zealand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam">Wigwam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaranga" title="Yaranga">Yaranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurt" title="Yurt">Yurt</a> (Central Asia)</li></ul> <p>Architectural elements </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dormer_window" class="mw-redirect" title="Dormer window">Dormer window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashrabiya" title="Mashrabiya">Mashrabiya</a> (also known as <i>shanashel</i> in Iraq)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriel_window" title="Oriel window">Oriel window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">Windcatcher</a> (<i>bad girs</i> in Arabic)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p>Building techniques and materials: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_parthenon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/31px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 31px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/31px-P_parthenon.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="31" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/47px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/62px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Architecture" title="Portal:Architecture">Architecture portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundwerk" title="Bundwerk">Bundwerk</a> – construction method used in Austria, Tyrol and Bavaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cob_(material)" title="Cob (material)">Cob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grouted_roof" title="Grouted roof">Grouted roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrotage" title="Pierrotage">Pierrotage</a> (French infill material)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sod_roof" title="Sod roof">Sod roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilts_(architecture)" title="Stilts (architecture)">Stilts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatching" title="Thatching">Thatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veranda" title="Veranda">Veranda</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">Wattle and daub</a></li></ul> <p>Organizations: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_Architecture_Forum" title="Vernacular Architecture Forum">Vernacular Architecture Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture,_SUST" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture, SUST">Architecture, SUST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Network_for_Traditional_Building,_Architecture_%26_Urbanism" class="mw-redirect" title="International Network for Traditional Building, Architecture & Urbanism">International Network for Traditional Building, Architecture & Urbanism</a></li></ul> <p>Regional vernacular architecture: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_early_modern_Scotland#Vernacular_architecture_in_Early_modern_Scotland" title="Architecture in early modern Scotland">Architecture in early modern Scotland#Vernacular architecture in Early modern Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baita_(architecture)" title="Baita (architecture)">Baita</a> – Alpine regions of Europe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_architecture" title="Balinese architecture">Balinese architecture</a> – Bali, Indonesia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_architecture" title="Batak architecture">Batak architecture</a> – indigenous architecture of the people of Sumatra, Indonesia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creole_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Creole architecture in the United States">Creole architecture in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_vernacular_architecture" title="Estonian vernacular architecture">Estonian vernacular architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_medieval_architecture_in_North_America" title="European medieval architecture in North America">European medieval architecture in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_vernacular_architecture" title="Indian vernacular architecture">Indian vernacular architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_architecture#Kanak_traditional_architecture" title="Indigenous architecture">Kanak traditional architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_del_Plata_style" title="Mar del Plata style">Mar del Plata style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Vernacular" title="Scottish Vernacular">Scottish Vernacular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shophouse" title="Shophouse">Shophouse</a> (South-East Asia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_architecture_of_Enggano" title="Traditional architecture of Enggano">Traditional architecture of Enggano</a> (Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumah_adat" title="Rumah adat">Vernacular architecture in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustic_architecture" title="Rustic architecture"> Rustic architecture of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture_of_the_Carpathians" title="Vernacular architecture of the Carpathians">Vernacular architecture of the Carpathians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riyadh#Vernacular_architecture_of_Old_Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Vernacular architecture of old Riyadh</a> (Saudi Arabia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture_in_Norway" title="Vernacular architecture in Norway">Vernacular architecture in Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_culture#Vernacular_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian culture">Vernacular architecture of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_residential_architecture_of_Western_Sichuan" title="Vernacular residential architecture of Western Sichuan">Vernacular residential architecture of Western Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_architecture#Vernacular_architecture" title="Spanish architecture">Vernacular architecture of Spain</a></li></ul> <p>Examples: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mashrabiya_Building" title="Al-Mashrabiya Building">Al-Mashrabiya Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broken_Angel_House" title="Broken Angel House">Broken Angel House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_S._Roy_House" title="Ethel S. Roy House">Ethel S. Roy House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiya" title="Machiya">Machiya</a> – traditional Japanese wooden town houses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonehenge_West" title="Phonehenge West">Phonehenge West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_architecture" title="Slow architecture">Slow architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watts_Towers" title="Watts Towers">Watts Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_window" title="Witch window">Witch window</a></li></ul> <p>People: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Baker" title="Laurie Baker">Laurie Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bawa" title="Geoffrey Bawa">Geoffrey Bawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifat_Chadirji" title="Rifat Chadirji">Rifat Chadirji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashirul_Haq" title="Bashirul Haq">Bashirul Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saiful_Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Saiful Haq">Saiful Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedensreich_Hundertwasser" title="Friedensreich Hundertwasser">Friedensreich Hundertwasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Moffitt" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Moffitt">Howard Moffitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar" title="Mudéjar">Mudéjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Phillips_(builder)" title="Dan Phillips (builder)">Dan Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kea_Tawana" title="Kea Tawana">Kea Tawana</a></li></ul> <p> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlcock2003-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlcock2003_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlcock2003">Alcock 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCaves2004" class="citation book cs1">Caves, R. W. (2004). <i>Encyclopedia of the City</i>. Routledge. p. 750. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415862875" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415862875"><bdi>978-0415862875</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+City&rft.pages=750&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0415862875&rft.aulast=Caves&rft.aufirst=R.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFewins" class="citation web cs1">Fewins, Clive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523170522/https://www.homebuilding.co.uk/vernacular-style/">"What is Vernacular Style?"</a>. <i>Homebuilding & Renovating</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.homebuilding.co.uk/vernacular-style/">the original</a> on 23 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Homebuilding+%26+Renovating&rft.atitle=What+is+Vernacular+Style%3F&rft.aulast=Fewins&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.homebuilding.co.uk%2Fvernacular-style%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amos Rapoport, <i>House Form and Culture</i> (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969), 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUptonVlach1986" class="citation book cs1">Upton, Dell; Vlach, John Michael, eds. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G7kzQMytrMoC"><i>Common Places: Readings in American Vernacular Architecture</i></a>. University of Georgia Press. p. xv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820307503" title="Special:BookSources/9780820307503"><bdi>9780820307503</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Common+Places%3A+Readings+in+American+Vernacular+Architecture&rft.pages=xv&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780820307503&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG7kzQMytrMoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Philip Gruen, “Vernacular Architecture,” in <i>Encyclopedia of Local History,</i> 3d edition, ed. Amy H. Wilson (Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017): 697-98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=vernacular">"vernacular"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=vernacular&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dvernacular&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012152527/http://www.yourdictionary.com/wotd/wotd.pl?word=vernacular">"Vernacular(noun)"</a>. yourdictionary.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yourdictionary.com/wotd/wotd.pl?word=vernacular">the original</a> on 12 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vernacular%28noun%29&rft.pub=yourdictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourdictionary.com%2Fwotd%2Fwotd.pl%3Fword%3Dvernacular&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020608/windows/roots.htm">"Fiddling with words, again!"</a>. Tribune India. 8 June 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiddling+with+words%2C+again%21&rft.pub=Tribune+India&rft.date=2002-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2002%2F20020608%2Fwindows%2Froots.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vernacular">Dictionary.com definition</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007110310/http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=88049&dict=CALD">"Cambridge advanced learner's dictionary definition"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=88049&dict=CALD">the original</a> on 7 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cambridge+advanced+learner%27s+dictionary+definition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdefine.asp%3Fkey%3D88049%26dict%3DCALD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/vernacular">Merriam–Webster definition</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott1857" class="citation book cs1">Scott, George Gilbert (1 January 1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N4IEAAAAYAAJ"><i>Remarks on Secular & Domestic Architecture, Present & Future</i></a>. J. Murray. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remarks+on+Secular+%26+Domestic+Architecture%2C+Present+%26+Future&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=J.+Murray&rft.date=1857-01-01&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=George+Gilbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN4IEAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/396281100/">"The Revival of Gothic Architecture"</a>. Leicester Chronicle, or, Commercial and Agricultural Advertiser. 31 October 1857<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Revival+of+Gothic+Architecture&rft.date=1857-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F396281100%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudofsky" class="citation web cs1">Rudofsky, Bernard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_catalogue_3459_300062280.pdf">"Architecture Without Architects exhibition catalog"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>MoMA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MoMA&rft.atitle=Architecture+Without+Architects+exhibition+catalog&rft.aulast=Rudofsky&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fdocuments%2Fmoma_catalogue_3459_300062280.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rudofsky-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rudofsky_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudofsky, <i>Architecture Without Architects</i>, page 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunskill197127–28-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunskill197127%E2%80%9328_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrunskill1971">Brunskill (1971)</a>, pp. 27–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World</i>, volume 1, page not cited</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noble, Allen George. <i>Traditional buildings: a global survey of structural forms and cultural functions</i>. London: I. B. Tauris, 2007. 1-17. Print.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845113056" title="Special:BookSources/9781845113056">9781845113056</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The meanings in this paragraph are supported by the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) © Oxford University Press 2009. Vernacular, a. and n., 6.; Folk 2. a.; Tradition, n., 4. a.; Traditional, a. (n.), 1. a.; Popular, a.(n.), 2. a.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oliver2003-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliver2003_21-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Oliver" title="Paul Oliver">Oliver, Paul</a> (2003). <i>Dwellings</i>. London: Phaidon Press. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7148-4202-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7148-4202-8"><bdi>0-7148-4202-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dwellings&rft.place=London&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Phaidon+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7148-4202-8&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Forster, W., Heal, A. and Paradise, C., "The Vernacular as a Model for Sustainable Design" Chapter 14 in: W. Weber, S. Yannas, <i>Lessons from Vernacular Architecture</i>, Routledge, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://complementaryarchitecture.org/manifesto/">"Manifesto of Complementary Architecture (MOCA) – Complementary Architecture"</a>. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manifesto+of+Complementary+Architecture+%28MOCA%29+%E2%80%93+Complementary+Architecture&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomplementaryarchitecture.org%2Fmanifesto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archinform-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archinform_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archinform.net/arch/10796.htm">Vernacular architecture</a> at <a href="/wiki/ArchINFORM" title="ArchINFORM">archINFORM</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LinOsb-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LinOsb_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne" class="citation web cs1">Osborne, Lindy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/features/comment/sublime-design-the-queenslander">"Sublime design: the Queenslander"</a>. <i>Architecture & Design</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Architecture+%26+Design&rft.atitle=Sublime+design%3A+the+Queenslander&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Lindy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.architectureanddesign.com.au%2Ffeatures%2Fcomment%2Fsublime-design-the-queenslander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wan-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wan_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wan_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/index.php?fuseaction=wanappln.projectview&upload_id=914">Sutyagin House, Arkhangelsk, Russia: Standing tall</a>. WorldArchitectureNews.com, Wednesday 7 March 2007. (Includes photo)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to other sources, 12 stories, 38 m (125 ft)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPonomaryova2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ponomaryova, Hope (26 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rg.ru/2008/06/26/gangster.html"><bdi lang="ru">Гангстер-хаус: Самый высокий деревянный дом в России объявлен вне закона</bdi></a> [<i>Gangster house</i>: Russia's tallest wooden house is now outlawed]. <i>Rossiiskaya Gazeta</i> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Moscow,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow, Russia">Moscow, Russia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rossiiskaya+Gazeta&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%3A+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=2008-06-26&rft.aulast=Ponomaryova&rft.aufirst=Hope&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rg.ru%2F2008%2F06%2F26%2Fgangster.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://realty.newsru.com/article/26Dec2008/wooden"><bdi lang="ru">В Архангельске провалилась первая попытка снести самое высокое деревянное здание в мире</bdi></a> [In Arkhangelsk failed first attempt to demolish the tallest wooden building in the world]. <i><a href="/wiki/NEWSru.com" class="mw-redirect" title="NEWSru.com">NEWSru.com</a> Realty (Недвижимость)</i> (in Russian). Moscow, Russia. 26 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NEWSru.com+Realty+%28%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%29&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5&rft.date=2008-12-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frealty.newsru.com%2Farticle%2F26Dec2008%2Fwooden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFmihai0552008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">mihai055 (26 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa_Ahn29Myw"><bdi lang="ru">Сутягин, снос дома</bdi></a> [Sutyagin, demolition of houses] <span class="cs1-format">(Flash video)</span> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/pa_Ahn29Myw">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%2C+%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2008-12-26&rft.au=mihai055&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dpa_Ahn29Myw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://realty.newsru.com/article/06Feb2009/sutyagin"><bdi lang="ru">В Архангельске разрушено самое высокое деревянное здание в мире</bdi></a> [In Arkhangelsk destroyed the tallest wooden building in the world]. <i><a href="/wiki/NEWSru.com" class="mw-redirect" title="NEWSru.com">NEWSru.com</a> Realty (Недвижимость)</i> (in Russian). Moscow, Russia. 6 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NEWSru.com+Realty+%28%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%29&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5&rft.date=2009-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frealty.newsru.com%2Farticle%2F06Feb2009%2Fsutyagin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1tv.ru/newsvideo/137558"><bdi lang="ru">От самого высокого деревянного строения в мире осталась груда мусора</bdi></a> [From the highest wooden structure in the world was left a pile of garbage] <span class="cs1-format">(flash video and text)</span>. <i>Channel One Russia</i> (in Russian). Moscow, Russia: Web-службой Первого канала. 6 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Channel+One+Russia&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%82+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0&rft.date=2009-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1tv.ru%2Fnewsvideo%2F137558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniMassonUnesco2003" class="citation book cs1">Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich; Unesco (2003-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AzG5llo3YCMC&q=naulakha+bengali&pg=PA521"><i>History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast : from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century</i></a>. UNESCO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789231038761" title="Special:BookSources/9789231038761"><bdi>9789231038761</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia%3A+Development+in+contrast+%3A+from+the+sixteenth+to+the+mid-nineteenth+century&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.isbn=9789231038761&rft.aulast=Dani&rft.aufirst=Ahmad+Hasan&rft.au=Masson%2C+Vadim+Mikha%C4%ADlovich&rft.au=Unesco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAzG5llo3YCMC%26q%3Dnaulakha%2Bbengali%26pg%3DPA521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khouri, R.G., <i>The Desert Castles: A Brief Guide to the Antiquities,</i> Al Kutba, 1988. pp 4–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Broadbent, G., "The Ecology of the Mudhif," in: Geoffrey Broadbent and C. A. Brebbia, <i>Eco-architecture II: Harmonisation Between Architecture and Nature,</i> WIT Press, 2008, pp 21–23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaustBunimovitz2003" class="citation journal cs1">Faust, Avraham; Bunimovitz, Shlomo (March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/3210929">"The Four Room House: Embodying Iron Age Israelite Society"</a>. <i>Near Eastern Archaeology</i>. <b>66</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">22–</span>31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3210929">10.2307/3210929</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1094-2076">1094-2076</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3210929">3210929</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162312425">162312425</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Near+Eastern+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Four+Room+House%3A+Embodying+Iron+Age+Israelite+Society&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E22-%3C%2Fspan%3E31&rft.date=2003-03&rft.issn=1094-2076&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162312425%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3210929%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3210929&rft.aulast=Faust&rft.aufirst=Avraham&rft.au=Bunimovitz%2C+Shlomo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2F10.2307%2F3210929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGitlerGeva2020" class="citation book cs1">Gitler, Inbal Ben-Asher; Geva, Anat, eds. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1148141962"><i>Israel as a modern architectural experimental lab, 1948-1978</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Intellect_Books" title="Intellect Books">Intellect Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78938-064-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78938-064-4"><bdi>978-1-78938-064-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1148141962">1148141962</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+as+a+modern+architectural+experimental+lab%2C+1948-1978&rft.pub=Intellect+Books&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1148141962&rft.isbn=978-1-78938-064-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1148141962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brunskill, R. W., <i>Houses and Cottages of Britain: Origins and Development of Traditional Buildings,</i> Victor Gollancz & Peter Crawley, 1997, pp 28–29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holden, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holden, 2003, pages 85-86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dixon, P., "The Medieval Peasant Building in Scotland: The Beginning and End of Crucks", <i>Ruralia IV</i> 2003, pp 187–200, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/972677/The_medieval_peasant_building_in_Scotland_the_beginning_and_end_of_crucks">Online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheape, H., "Shielings in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland: Prehistory to the Present," <i>Folk Life,</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Ethnological_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Ethnological Studies (page does not exist)">Journal of Ethnological Studies</a>, vol. 35, no. 1, 1996, pp 7-24, DOI: 10.1179/043087796798254498</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackechnie, A., "For Friendship and Conversation': Martial Scotland's Domestic Castles," <i>Architectural Heritage,</i> XXVI, 2015, p. 14 and p, 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gamble, Robert <i>Historic Architecture in Alabama: A Guide to Styles and Types, 1810-1930</i>, page 180. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8173-1134-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8173-1134-3">0-8173-1134-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107113230/http://missourifolkloresociety.truman.edu/marshall.html">"vernacular architecture of missouri"</a>. Missourifolkloresociety.truman.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://missourifolkloresociety.truman.edu/marshall.html">the original</a> on 7 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=vernacular+architecture+of+missouri&rft.pub=Missourifolkloresociety.truman.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmissourifolkloresociety.truman.edu%2Fmarshall.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hyster-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hyster_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hyster_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuyser-Honig1993" class="citation news cs1">Huyser-Honig, Joan (14 November 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100219111852/http://www.charlevoixlibrary.org/research/young/young-art26.htm">"Do Gnomes Live Here?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ann_Arbor_News" title="The Ann Arbor News">The Ann Arbor News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://charlevoixlibrary.org/research/young/young-art26.htm">the original</a> on 19 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ann+Arbor+News&rft.atitle=Do+Gnomes+Live+Here%3F&rft.date=1993-11-14&rft.aulast=Huyser-Honig&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcharlevoixlibrary.org%2Fresearch%2Fyoung%2Fyoung-art26.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Miles, David L (writer); Hull, Dale (narrator) (2009). <i>The Life and Works of Earl Young, Charlevoix's Master Builder in Stone</i> (DVD). Charlevoix Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/505817344">505817344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Works+of+Earl+Young%2C+Charlevoix%27s+Master+Builder+in+Stone&rft.pub=Charlevoix+Historical+Society&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F505817344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckert1993" class="citation book cs1">Eckert, Kathryn Bishop (1993). <i>Buildings in Michigan</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 418. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-506149-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-506149-7"><bdi>0-19-506149-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buildings+in+Michigan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=418&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-19-506149-7&rft.aulast=Eckert&rft.aufirst=Kathryn+Bishop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kelly-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2010" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, Anne (1 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mynorth.com/My-North/December-2009/Earl-Young-and-Don-Campbell-Early-Charlevoix-Visionaries/">"Earl Young and Don Campbell, Pals Who Shaped Charlevoix: The story of Earl Young, creator of Charlevoix's Hobbit Houses, and his lifelong friend Don Campbell, who traveled the world and ultimately shaped Charlevoix together"</a>. My North.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earl+Young+and+Don+Campbell%2C+Pals+Who+Shaped+Charlevoix%3A+The+story+of+Earl+Young%2C+creator+of+Charlevoix%27s+Hobbit+Houses%2C+and+his+lifelong+friend+Don+Campbell%2C+who+traveled+the+world+and+ultimately+shaped+Charlevoix+together&rft.pub=My+North.com&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mynorth.com%2FMy-North%2FDecember-2009%2FEarl-Young-and-Don-Campbell-Early-Charlevoix-Visionaries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Sources_and_further_reading">Sources and further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sources and further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlcock2003" class="citation cs2">Alcock, N. W. (2003), "Vernacular architecture [Folk architecture]", <i>Grove Art Online</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.article.t088875">10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t088875</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884446-05-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884446-05-4"><bdi>978-1-884446-05-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vernacular+architecture+%5BFolk+architecture%5D&rft.btitle=Grove+Art+Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.article.t088875&rft.isbn=978-1-884446-05-4&rft.aulast=Alcock&rft.aufirst=N.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourgeois1983" class="citation book cs1">Bourgeois, Jean-Louis (1983). <i>Spectacular vernacular: a new appreciation of traditional desert architecture</i>. Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87905-144-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87905-144-2"><bdi>0-87905-144-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spectacular+vernacular%3A+a+new+appreciation+of+traditional+desert+architecture&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.pub=Peregrine+Smith+Books&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-87905-144-2&rft.aulast=Bourgeois&rft.aufirst=Jean-Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span> Large format.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunskill1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Brunskill" title="Ronald Brunskill">Brunskill, R.W.</a> (2006) [1985]. <i>Traditional Buildings of Britain: An Introduction to Vernacular Architecture</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cassell%27s_National_Library" title="Cassell's National Library">Cassell's</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-36676-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-36676-5"><bdi>0-304-36676-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Buildings+of+Britain%3A+An+Introduction+to+Vernacular+Architecture&rft.pub=Cassell%27s&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-304-36676-5&rft.aulast=Brunskill&rft.aufirst=R.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunskill1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Brunskill" title="Ronald Brunskill">Brunskill, R.W.</a> (2000) [1971]. <i>Illustrated Handbook of Vernacular Architecture</i> (4th ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-19503-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-19503-2"><bdi>0-571-19503-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+Handbook+of+Vernacular+Architecture&rft.place=London&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-571-19503-2&rft.aulast=Brunskill&rft.aufirst=R.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifton-Taylor1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Clifton-Taylor" title="Alec Clifton-Taylor">Clifton-Taylor, Alec</a> (1987) [1972]. <i>The Pattern of English Building</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-13988-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-13988-4"><bdi>0-571-13988-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pattern+of+English+Building&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-571-13988-4&rft.aulast=Clifton-Taylor&rft.aufirst=Alec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span> Clifton-Taylor pioneered the study of the English vernacular.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoxRaglan1954" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Fox" title="Cyril Fox">Fox, Sir Cyril</a>; <a href="/wiki/FitzRoy_Somerset,_4th_Baron_Raglan" title="FitzRoy Somerset, 4th Baron Raglan">Raglan, Lord</a> (1954). <i>Renaissance Houses</i>. <a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire_Houses" title="Monmouthshire Houses">Monmouthshire Houses</a>. Vol. III. Cardiff: <a href="/wiki/Amgueddfa_Cymru_%E2%80%93_Museum_Wales" title="Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales">Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renaissance+Houses&rft.place=Cardiff&rft.series=Monmouthshire+Houses&rft.pub=Amgueddfa+Cymru+%E2%80%93+Museum+Wales&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Sir+Cyril&rft.au=Raglan%2C+Lord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iaste.berkeley.edu/pdfs/01.2b-Spr90glassie-sml.pdf">Glassie, Henry. "Architects, Vernacular Traditions, and Society" <i>Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review</i>, Vol 1, 1990, 9-21</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoldenBaker2004" class="citation book cs1">Holden, Timothy G; Baker, Louise M (2004). <i>The Blackhouses of Arnol</i>. Edinburgh: <a href="/wiki/Historic_Scotland" title="Historic Scotland">Historic Scotland</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-904966-03-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-904966-03-9"><bdi>1-904966-03-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blackhouses+of+Arnol&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Historic+Scotland&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-904966-03-9&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Timothy+G&rft.au=Baker%2C+Louise+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden2003" class="citation journal cs1">Holden, Timothy G (2003). "Brotchie's Steading (Dunnet parish), iron age and medieval settlement; post-medieval farm". <i>Discovery and Excavation in Scotland</i> (4): <span class="nowrap">85–</span>86.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Discovery+and+Excavation+in+Scotland&rft.atitle=Brotchie%27s+Steading+%28Dunnet+parish%29%2C+iron+age+and+medieval+settlement%3B+post-medieval+farm&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E85-%3C%2Fspan%3E86&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Timothy+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolm2006" class="citation book cs1">Holm, Ivar (2006). <i>2006</i> [<i>Ideas and Beliefs in Architecture and Industrial design: How attitudes, orientations, and underlying assumptions shape the built environment</i>]. Oslo School of Architecture and Design. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-547-0174-1" title="Special:BookSources/82-547-0174-1"><bdi>82-547-0174-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2006&rft.pub=Oslo+School+of+Architecture+and+Design&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=82-547-0174-1&rft.aulast=Holm&rft.aufirst=Ivar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Jarzombek" title="Mark Jarzombek">Mark Jarzombek</a>, Architecture of First Societies: A Global Perspective, (New York: Wiley & Sons, August 2013)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Oliver" title="Paul Oliver">Oliver, Paul</a> (2003). <i>Dwellings</i>. London: Phaidon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7148-4202-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7148-4202-8"><bdi>0-7148-4202-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dwellings&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phaidon+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7148-4202-8&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver,_Paul1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Oliver" title="Paul Oliver">Oliver, Paul</a>, ed. (1997). <i>Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World</i>. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-58269-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-58269-8"><bdi>978-0-521-58269-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Vernacular+Architecture+of+the+World&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-521-58269-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerez_Gil2016" class="citation book cs1">Perez Gil, Javier (2016). <i>¿Que es la arquitectura vernacula? Historia y concepto de un patrimonio cultural especifico</i>. Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-8448-862-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-8448-862-0"><bdi>978-84-8448-862-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C2%BFQue+es+la+arquitectura+vernacula%3F+Historia+y+concepto+de+un+patrimonio+cultural+especifico&rft.place=Valladolid&rft.pub=Universidad+de+Valladolid&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-84-8448-862-0&rft.aulast=Perez+Gil&rft.aufirst=Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPruscha,_Carl2005" class="citation book cs1">Pruscha, Carl, ed. (2005) [2004]. <i>[Himalayan Vernacular]</i>. Köln: Verlag Der Buchhandlung Walther König. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-85160-038-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-85160-038-X"><bdi>3-85160-038-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5BHimalayan+Vernacular%5D&rft.place=K%C3%B6ln&rft.pub=Verlag+Der+Buchhandlung+Walther+K%C3%B6nig&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-85160-038-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span> Carl Pruscha, Austrian architect and United Nations-UNESCO advisor to the government of Nepal, lived and worked in the Himalayas 1964–74. He continued his activities as head of the design studio "Habitat, Environment and Conservation" at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudofsky1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Rudofsky" title="Bernard Rudofsky">Rudofsky, Bernard</a> (1987) [1964]. <i>Architecture Without Architects: A Short Introduction to Non-Pedigreed Architecture</i>. Albuquerque: <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico_Press" title="University of New Mexico Press">University of New Mexico Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8263-1004-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8263-1004-4"><bdi>0-8263-1004-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+Without+Architects%3A+A+Short+Introduction+to+Non-Pedigreed+Architecture&rft.place=Albuquerque&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-8263-1004-4&rft.aulast=Rudofsky&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudofsky1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Rudofsky" title="Bernard Rudofsky">Rudofsky, Bernard</a> (1969). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/streetsforpeople00rudo"><i>Streets for People: A Primer for Americans</i></a></span>. Garden City, NY: <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-04231-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-04231-0"><bdi>0-385-04231-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Streets+for+People%3A+A+Primer+for+Americans&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+NY&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-385-04231-0&rft.aulast=Rudofsky&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstreetsforpeople00rudo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Schittich, Christian, ed. (2019). Vernacular Architecture: Atlas for Living Throughout the World. Basle: Birkhäuser. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-0356-1631-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-0356-1631-6">978-3-0356-1631-6</a></li> <li>Upton, Dell and John Michael Vlach, eds. <i>Common Places: Readings in American Vernacular Architecture.</i> Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8203-0749-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8203-0749-1">0-8203-0749-1</a>.</li> <li>Wharton, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://southernspaces.org/2005/roadside-architecture">"Roadside Architecture."</a> <i>Southern Spaces</i>, 1 February 2005, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101019122826/http://www.southernspaces.org/2005/roadside-architecture">archived</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurwyn_William&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurwyn William (page does not exist)">William, Eurwyn</a> (2010). <i>The Welsh Cottage</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Ancient_and_Historical_Monuments_of_Wales" title="Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales">Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-871184-426" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-871184-426"><bdi>978-1-871184-426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Welsh+Cottage&rft.pub=Royal+Commission+on+the+Ancient+and+Historical+Monuments+of+Wales&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-871184-426&rft.aulast=William&rft.aufirst=Eurwyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVernacular+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_architecture&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 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GreatBuildings</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/ENVI/vernacular.html">Vernacular Architecture and Landscape Architecture Research Guide</a> – Environmental Design Library, University of California, Berkeley</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.himalayan-architecture.net/">Himalayan Vernacular Architecture - Technische Universität Berlin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datscreativesinresidence.tumblr.com/">DATs Fachwerk interiors (Germany)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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<h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عمارة عامية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عمارة عامية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_popular" title="Arquitectura popular – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arquitectura popular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Халăх архитектури – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Халăх архитектури" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidov%C3%A1_architektura" title="Lidová architektura – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lidová architektura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionelle_Architektur" title="Traditionelle Architektur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Traditionelle Architektur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_popular" title="Arquitectura popular – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arquitectura popular" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="معماری بومی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معماری بومی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_vernaculaire" title="Architecture vernaculaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Architecture vernaculaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_popular" title="Arquitectura popular – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arquitectura popular" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%86%8D%EA%B1%B4%EC%B6%95" title="토속건축 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토속건축" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ազգային ճարտարապետություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ազգային ճարտարապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="स्थानिक वास्तुकला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्थानिक वास्तुकला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsitektur_vernakular" title="Arsitektur vernakular – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arsitektur vernakular" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architettura_spontanea" title="Architettura spontanea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Architettura spontanea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="בנייה ורנקולרית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בנייה ורנקולרית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaudies_architekt%C5%ABra" title="Liaudies architektūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liaudies architektūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernakul%C3%A1ris_%C3%A9p%C3%ADt%C3%A9szet" title="Vernakuláris építészet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vernakuláris építészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="പ്രാദേശിക വാസ്തുവിദ്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രാദേശിക വാസ്തുവിദ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernaculaire_architectuur" title="Vernaculaire architectuur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vernaculaire architectuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%8A%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="ヴァナキュラー建築 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァナキュラー建築" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byggeskikk" title="Byggeskikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Byggeskikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitetura_vernacular" title="Arquitetura vernacular – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arquitetura vernacular" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Народная архитектура – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Народная архитектура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vernacular architecture" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernakul%C3%A1rna_architekt%C3%BAra" title="Vernakulárna architektúra – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vernakulárna architektúra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljudska_arhitektura" title="Ljudska arhitektura – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ljudska arhitektura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitekturang_bernakular" title="Arkitekturang bernakular – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Arkitekturang bernakular" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="நாட்டார் கட்டிடக்கலை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாட்டார் கட்டிடக்கலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="สถาปัตยกรรมพื้นถิ่น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถาปัตยกรรมพื้นถิ่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%B6resel_mimari" title="Yöresel mimari – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yöresel mimari" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Народна архітектура – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Народна архітектура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%E1%BA%BFn_tr%C3%BAc_b%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba" title="Kiến trúc bản địa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kiến trúc bản địa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%A1%E5%9C%9F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="乡土建筑 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乡土建筑" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 January 2025, at 21:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 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