CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "bioguide.congress.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '8ec898d10c4f9cea',cH: 'JW8i0nMZqcR4VbdyKlipfNp..s3IViTtPNpuiwErzpo-1733281758-1.2.1.1-46XGYlmlKcsDNV3nCObgwdQJc6kjb4kwwYvdRGO_TFCV0y_84o2oScGXLsIfqo0E',cUPMDTk: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=E000029&__cf_chl_tk=Bn90M4VG2HPUGXDiXwAY08GbwZy1vQ8WRPrAuq1tfak-1733281758-1.0.1.1-PE5FyPsrwxDJxghHoV8fbTh1esQp12DK_LiRuqJ02Jk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1733281758',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=E000029&__cf_chl_f_tk=Bn90M4VG2HPUGXDiXwAY08GbwZy1vQ8WRPrAuq1tfak-1733281758-1.0.1.1-PE5FyPsrwxDJxghHoV8fbTh1esQp12DK_LiRuqJ02Jk",md: "eQEVWo7DmB1h544_N3wibBrKIkc3ypZpYrcheltSwUw-1733281758-1.2.1.1-estp4lmrh19BSs71oZcoBkpa23ftCq3sBcgRSKm7bSuJxzx64l6pSCGJnc4ADv5Mqg7FFBbItfr5mB4fXa.AEhm7fNZbafrKRvQsd2QcmAPt9_1CSsxBZhrlvWwHT4Pj3LwPSmPGxh7jMGHYcJRUSqyw1QD8iOrhYx2n0N7t7Z4Ra.4KqCpSuMgG03kWCPTn9ZHRrIy791paRuyVrNMDwoS6EcKylONEMsSKn5bf4_0IYgIaQmiki4x5D7aSOUYzKWeqjIvRcArztO29iCMjR7T8.nC_RGvCpdzxp2MK.lliqSXXGxZtaqoYWuZpmHgLLXvu9IkjLVLLXqoArFl.0KQKxA4wtZJY4UOImGJvqK.xRmxgRWvINyAApC.OwrdMb.On0W4TQW7zsCLwWe5kC6D7lzQBhuehAw_uisV3vVpFkjqBJqDVdUaO6Po_TVIGT7wfHippg9dmD4Pis6fNViR38wK3L.iBBzmnZpeGYqz73H7qWrXZjcJWGNs19MurZ5ScNjy41mDxJpf1_ktidR6EZ1qnjbeF33joleuqUtdaGQbCH4AHqNhn5UVt89Jtf.tzDcCLmEo5ebaubqQmv2L3Qf_P5VHeyBLzX3SDSk7c4jAohcL7hswKuQd_SwX6RZGp58AaecLktfkJdthWU5SZ9PEuljsp5MU90geubG_Ohknvo3mDCUrq0Z6B7G0Quu4gYVLnVd483EYd069F.o0.qMoPJ.KI372uBBG6pA7r4ifPKyt_MkkU5Xgeu93LAhY4F7kVex3GadysZfTtPrgv6UD2rsxTnzVeaEEzNzXwk3TpG4IagbYsLcTu4MPaZeWW1OqGLS58AocV.Ds3wHA1KrTV2cTfHxumC7oEA.8rG39lkK50Ny3CVr4uVcYIYIxuvmIErlAsfkga3KcayP6H_Pd1bfTf4YMEe5r9pDnyKo5df4DnSLCU5mFMiMGNqFBLQSWoWpp3qDYrAXQcS_MNkDg7EH7Ljats39xCAbNop9ZNBVlFeJ6DPFVxMaIia4GyGbwRvyK5VBr4bR_hL5n.vpRlmOjC7cGnnx1l_DI1lpVwKBNyKwWzi16pS6lSCbLvcYUYk6W2BfS69hMI.GebeFbmq1yGcrkHKZoqxGhhJkU9OhcdfGNcg3g32IFUVOXm1ADq0LqlqVYLHsvA7yyZRVmjzrd25zFqXyLyvBAqyjbgoOXMfl5T2dAg702HXo7oPHFMxCC4e4tWcIzBmeCv3jpHTnzKvruQRQoxzf4aU26pPoD9hEmQQyA6Yg0skftXngVcefE3RGOE2KjVGSgqAecx9LADDJVq._aW0XzMkGeAsKvlCKdiiyGAYzKpCMEyM9S_cVhuy4LqJRMR3vgdaZYMwH2DiMI18WlaoLfQKia2_KREBT.cFgDmZikNPrGqvP8XjjsepWomqH9EoMu6jhf0j9S8tSdoWiER4bpo6LaodO68wwUdF1BddN7fm34OrBNBS6IWInLmjQa6h6OQT2zGhHBmCS2HKWlov215dA3LzxCCrIilhxmTjQZlQvS0glVySZ67.a0lHLok89BEJM2k6u1ogtL1Jh9OieGwh0y8twO6oRtf0tvypdxX4X7lHcm0dw1_KuBEBhYJ.ptRgloja0V4p39JZT6PlKvw8o68UKTrniaWDl0nG_sw_CQRFHzamHYEhO8IKOdGQ_OpXmzQS5tRwXohbHzpkaW8VCkF3xguRibZnEyXVULal3dJcJlYlCKAEALZrR4XfduNHwwR3u.mEGaGkBCDEDkirJP3UI2NBIOstlqn_KI6aiPidGoEqkiAo5aa8pJ20EmYEdU8a2ZtbSrgh7wCZQZjli1aUxzW337P1cHtsRUein6kWTJJ4mAAifM4ZNkoDMaV9k_CzOhHT2JoOxW5.lHLoZPu1Ye0vIXD6mPdqisr7xNGgplR2NhCJcjNoPlNVCQZNCzV6w.NhAr.JDWU8Zt1A7DCtpiNIyP3yBMLd27kutE4QyxCJRhmy9_uUAMYdUK8we9UtLfxatppQFzN04k",mdrd: "iytwn4mXhr7Xi6bJQJzZ21lStlWtAOeDN2abFeomZ_g-1733281758-1.2.1.1-IGCjbAxM0.HJYLzW8ofWjSQlwrIn4fhhEmOe2Xq.iq5jczu1RJC3LIzaEkGmCeDsnIMNXTgcqjPHm4HW7bQycbBkWcWaUOkhjAyfjntCxIYHnJweok4tHXPkP7VxQmKrphHnI_XfWkEqvfhrFMq6uI9KozfwqEKQs4MvBOKDSHugjCRdlHu_B5DcOjyh3OKgPZLaOBBxOA525P6qr1wCzuv.Z1MYbCtBhS7H3PUW8MEhQsUZnC0McCSSpA8WjRMDmSH0PGqdTNS0neUPMB7RO4cxiT6u9r1P.OBe7oiClEzKzub2W1vdqLZtauLw.iJcCNecHlnnl35zM9C37f9Jg19HuxvdV2lTNysaxskQ1VTorb0ZiHHFwo3A9n3bqSOwxcJGQYjFFp66V_JuZ2nj3lFz6ycotmgeXoBXR1OJimi_KZxHXsTGgjx2FCnJ4LTaXXUwzfetzBR3oTZwqHuvY_7ONgAt74U4.2b3K7C2xtdoRJTb4cyJAOPBA4Ph4OmSrN3Ik7I3NOKp1Q8Z7N6Ogap.Ua1ylDAXCnIi2NSucTfHJCA_tE2EN8AVPKtLs8vKg.JQ5SxqygMB4C4XjU75mckcLpS7gWnPDheFu1J4QUt1fS2uLhm22GG_wAVv9FjOmifRZDn7RA50CzQaUuyuP439C6jWtAYm9YGupbLkgc_NVenKDSBj3lnOFxUU84xYVqsnXJdLfyzGdiBojIUVho7Ms2of8R10TlNEBge9YrCW9.HUcts6erTnLd8jhJrAq7oH04vH7zhRvphYvt8_1Pj_c1bNUveLtcUkIvGoiPEomh5uaEdhOPnZ1AuClIyt8UkLHWz3rmgI1RsOfdh8gcpgOSuCq3PD5W.q7swPt8p0Mg5BOSUMHaei3PeAPNwb8.x0iSwlHND1wuWgAsyeqOZrIFw2xl4fdd0zvyoXxSt2T5wXJSmf.2VDBaVWIMPq0JFtuYt3g7VOCIHQlj15XBr4.UhvYP5b46UHkP8qO7O13c5IDlE54k9QTn8lykYlL0L7.hWwaZM4KnOZG2Undl91ax0XGg95q6EyFHi193OqpfUHyHtIZFFDiJBi201XHuWjrH53L_mR0HmcFPNXnVQOTyWxumy_n9Y06XD5_xr.EbXSbbAvPuWcPjJNHHMBL2RtIrqZH4LAFSYwFO3O3NVUwSPimJyUCDzHL8sRpjvkho6wCPenE5.j3gaTyuAbh_UuAaTTMcsmgYXVTWeMh.CHRmV7p3w_y_jANaHw99gMu8Vjueho07FlDlWeKI9mSI.MVIymEkzhxk8XDHVKlDilFyeLtvvXUqfuSBrXmHwZdQ5I9923xFX2te3pjxUmN_4o5o17oK79oVKkFOyN5QP8ULpkJaAPtHN9Feb6BEUhN.l.41O09fofNcGvQ8LFYR4snZ6PcPIHXExfbISl6oUhyZkd67tCQA2AS2La0XJ1Erllv2.IkGNI_uUgPY5EEYBt5WiIxnLrjgXHi..qS1YAgxBqkvQUeMCdZ1JprcmPcWzHTF8O5LMqO6bc6ZRdFERr6X4CRNFadiqMAGfToy0mGzcOxBnUCE8LBIePaV6aME88Yib7m.cEPUordj7B.uJ2c0xFeztbhXSmLLJNjkVyw9oAtazRlxpEt4KN0X78b3B6Bh.rdbJi9xV7ctNsIwUD6y.ijweo6bSqGvTbumJO3oL35zXha.Ji2TrPyifJ3EfErR6AcIDHp0zYyuwoL7RvVQ56Q759SUL_B3dUJI523oskI1aWW7lt2aAs8WBfqqLcFafuPE0kNw5R7mj0KarNpaWHMRw4yUw4BrA12GVyzw_fiIYkuYBYPtPJXk2hOBxSay_PWuHwkFqHloEro_PzU8OL0alJlQU4lKMWJL08FMNiAazJA5YMUal2XqlQhGP53n4G7oByVFMRFiXcJZKYf08Rq5QO5.0zpmT2j5VlZes7eUxKMoHkjGVmrtSFRjyhZPq0UFNTRjZDxOpN"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8ec898d10c4f9cea';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=E000029&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Bn90M4VG2HPUGXDiXwAY08GbwZy1vQ8WRPrAuq1tfak-1733281758-1.0.1.1-PE5FyPsrwxDJxghHoV8fbTh1esQp12DK_LiRuqJ02Jk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>