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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>As prefect of Lu Prefecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_prefect_of_Lu_Prefecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_for_control_of_Huainan_Circuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_for_control_of_Huainan_Circuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>War for control of Huainan Circuit</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-War_for_control_of_Huainan_Circuit-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle War for control of Huainan Circuit subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-War_for_control_of_Huainan_Circuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-War_against_Qin_Yan_and_Bi_Shiduo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_against_Qin_Yan_and_Bi_Shiduo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>War against Qin Yan and Bi Shiduo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_against_Qin_Yan_and_Bi_Shiduo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_against_Sun_Ru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_against_Sun_Ru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>War against Sun Ru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_against_Sun_Ru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rule_over_Huainan_and_nearby_territory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rule_over_Huainan_and_nearby_territory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rule over Huainan and nearby territory</span> </div> </a> <button 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%91%ED%96%89%EB%B0%80" title="양행밀 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="양행밀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E8%A1%8C%E5%AF%86" title="楊行密 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="楊行密" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Xingmi" title="Yang Xingmi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Yang Xingmi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Ян Сінмі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ян Сінмі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_H%C3%A0nh_M%E1%BA%ADt" title="Dương Hành Mật – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dương Hành Mật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E6%AD%A6%E5%BF%A0%E7%8E%8B" title="吳武忠王 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="吳武忠王" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E8%A1%8C%E5%AF%86" title="杨行密 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="杨行密" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E8%A1%8C%E5%AF%86" title="楊行密 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="楊行密" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E8%A1%8C%E5%AF%86" title="楊行密 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="楊行密" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Yang_(surname)" title="Yang (surname)">Yang</a></i>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prince of Wu</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Yang Xingmi<br />楊行密</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>Prince of Wu</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Prince of Wu (吳王)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">902 – 905</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Proclaimed the Prince of Wu</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Yang_Wo" title="Yang Wo">Yang Wo</a> as Commandery Prince of Hongnong</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Commandery Prince of Hongnong<br />(弘農郡王)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">895 – 902</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Proclaimed the Prince of Wu</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">jiedushi</a></i> of Huainan Circuit<br />(淮南節度使)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">887 – 888</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Qin_Yan" title="Qin Yan">Qin Yan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sun_Ru" title="Sun Ru">Sun Ru</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">892 – 905</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sun_Ru" title="Sun Ru">Sun Ru</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yang_Wo" title="Yang Wo">Yang Wo</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">852</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 24, 905</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Xingling Mausoleum (興陵, in modern <a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a>, Jiangsu)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Full name</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">Family name</a>: <div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><a href="/wiki/Yang_(surname)" title="Yang (surname)">Yáng</a> (楊)</div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_given_name" title="Chinese given name">Given name</a>: <div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Xingmi (行密)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Era dates</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Tiānyòu (天祐): 904–905<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Initially Prince Wuzhong (武忠王) (honored by <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>),<br /><i>later</i> Prince Xiaowu (孝武王) (honored by <a href="/wiki/Yang_Longyan" title="Yang Longyan">Yang Longyan</a>),<br /><i>finally</i> Emperor Wu (武皇帝) (honored by <a href="/wiki/Yang_Pu" title="Yang Pu">Yang Pu</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Taizu (太祖) (honored by <a href="/wiki/Yang_Pu" title="Yang Pu">Yang Pu</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wu_(Ten_Kingdoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu (Ten Kingdoms)">Wu</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Yang Xingmi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">楊行密</span>; 852<sup id="cite_ref-SGCQ1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGCQ1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – December 24, 905<sup id="cite_ref-AS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ265_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ265-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), né <b>Yang Xingmin</b> (楊行愍, name changed 886), <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy name</a> <b>Huayuan</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">化源</span></span>), formally <b>Prince Wuzhong of Wu</b> (吳武忠王, "martial and faithful"),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later posthumously honored <b>King Xiaowu of Wu</b> (吳孝武王, "filial and martial") then <b>Emperor Wu of Wu</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">吳武帝</span></span>) with the <a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">temple name</a> of <b>Taizu</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">太祖</span></span>), was a Chinese military general, monarch, and politician. He was the military governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">jiedushi</a></i>) of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>) late in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, whose takeover of Huainan and several nearby circuits allowed him and his family to rule over territory that would eventually become the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms</a> state <a href="/wiki/Wu_(Ten_Kingdoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu (Ten Kingdoms)">Wu</a> (although Yang Xingmi would be the first ruler in his line to receive the title of Prince of Wu, it was a Tang-bestowed title and did not denote independence of the state), including most of modern <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a> and parts of modern <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yang Xingmin was born in 852, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xu%C4%81nzong_of_Tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Xuānzong of Tang">Emperor Xuānzong of Tang</a>. He was from Lu Prefecture (廬州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>). His ancestors, including his father Yang Fu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">楊怤</span></span>), were farmers for generations.<sup id="cite_ref-SGCQ1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGCQ1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In youth, <a href="/wiki/Tian_Jun" title="Tian Jun">Tian Jun</a> and he became close friends, and they came to refer to each other as brother.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ264_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was said that he was physically strong in his youth, and during the <i>Qianfu</i> era (874–879) of Emperor Xuānzong's grandson <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Xizong of Tang">Emperor Xizong</a>, Yang Xingmin became a bandit. He was captured, but the prefect of Lu Prefecture, <a href="/wiki/Zheng_Qi" title="Zheng Qi">Zheng Qi</a>, was impressed by his appearance, and stated to him, "You will be rich and honored one day. Why be a bandit?" Zheng then released him. Yang later became a soldier of the Lu Prefecture militia, and he distinguished himself in battles.<sup id="cite_ref-SGCQ1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGCQ1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as a result, his commander was apprehensive of him, and persuaded then-prefect Lang Youfu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">郎幼復</span></span>) to send Yang on an away mission. When Yang subsequently met his commander to bid farewell, and the commander, wanting to pretend to favor Yang, asked Yang what favors Yang would want him to do, if any; Yang responded, "I need your head!" and then killed him. Yang then took control of the militia and declared himself the commander. Lang was unable to control him, and so submitted a report to <a href="/wiki/Gao_Pian" title="Gao Pian">Gao Pian</a> the military governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">jiedushi</a></i>) of Huainan Circuit, which Lu Prefecture belonged to, recommending that Gao commission Yang the new prefect to replace Lang himself. Gao agreed, and Emperor Xizong subsequently, at Gao's recommendation, issued such a commission.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ255_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ255-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_prefect_of_Lu_Prefecture">As prefect of Lu Prefecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: As prefect of Lu Prefecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Also in 883, two of Gao Pian's officers, Yu Gongchu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">俞公楚</span></span>) and Yao Guiili (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">姚歸禮</span></span>), failed in an assassination attempt against Gao's favored sorcerer <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Yongzhi" title="Lü Yongzhi">Lü Yongzhi</a>, who had in effect taken over Huainan's governance due to Gao's trust in him. Lü thus made accusations against them, and Gao sent them out to combat agrarian rebels. Lü then secretly informed Yang (falsely) that Yu and Yao's intent was to attack Lu Prefecture. Yang responded by laying an ambush for Yu and Yao, killing them, and then informing Gao that they had planned a mutiny. Gao, not knowing that Lü put this incident into motion, rewarded Yang for putting down the "mutiny."<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ255_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ255-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 884, when Gao's nephew Gao Yu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">高澞</span></span>), then the prefect of nearby Shu Prefecture (舒州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>), came under the attack of the local agrarian rebel Chen Ru (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">陳儒</span></span>), Gao Yu sought aid from Yang. Yang did not have enough soldiers to respond, but sent his officer <a href="/wiki/Li_Shenfu" title="Li Shenfu">Li Shenfu</a>, who tricked Chen into believing that a large army was arriving from Lu. As a result, Chen fled. Subsequently, when <a href="/wiki/Qin_Zongquan" title="Qin Zongquan">Qin Zongquan</a>, who was previously the Tang military governor of Fengguo Circuit (奉國, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>) but who had rebelled against Tang by this point, sent a brother to attack Lu, Yang sent Tian Jun to repel Qin's attack. Meanwhile, when other agrarian rebels Wu Jiong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">吳迥</span></span>) and Li Ben (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李本</span></span>) attacked Shu, Gao Yu abandoned it (and was subsequently executed by Gao Pian). Yang then sent his officers Tao Ya (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">陶雅</span></span>) and Zhang Xun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">張訓</span></span>) to attack Wu and Li; after Tao and Zhang subsequently captured and executed Wu and Li, Yang commissioned Tao as the prefect of Shu.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ255_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ255-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 886 — by which point the prefects of Huainan appeared to be attacking each other at will to enlarge their spheres of influence — Zhang Ao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">張翱</span></span>) the prefect of Shou Prefecture (壽州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>) sent his officer Wei Qian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">魏虔</span></span>) to attack Lu. Yang sent Tian, Li Shenfu, and Zhang Xun to resist, and they repelled Wei's attack. Meanwhile, though, Xu Qing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">許勍</span></span>) the prefect of Chú Prefecture (滁洲, in modern <a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>) attacked Shu; Tao was unable to resist, and fled back to Lu, allowing Xu to take Shu. Also in 886, under Gao's order, for reasons unclear, Yang changed his name from Xingmin to Xingmi.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ256_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ256-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_for_control_of_Huainan_Circuit">War for control of Huainan Circuit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: War for control of Huainan Circuit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_against_Qin_Yan_and_Bi_Shiduo">War against Qin Yan and Bi Shiduo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: War against Qin Yan and Bi Shiduo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:End_of_Tang_Warlords.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/End_of_Tang_Warlords.jpg/220px-End_of_Tang_Warlords.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/End_of_Tang_Warlords.jpg/330px-End_of_Tang_Warlords.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/End_of_Tang_Warlords.jpg/440px-End_of_Tang_Warlords.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3508" /></a><figcaption>Map of Tang warlords as of 902 CE</figcaption></figure> <p>In 887, Gao Pian's officer <a href="/wiki/Bi_Shiduo" title="Bi Shiduo">Bi Shiduo</a>, fearing that Lü Yongzhi would have him killed, rebelled and put Huainan's capital Yang Prefecture (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">揚州</span></span>) under siege. Lü, who then had a fallout with Gao himself (as Gao wanted to compromise with Bi while Lü opposed), sent Yang Xingmi an order in Gao's name requesting that he come to Yang Prefecture's aid. Yang, under the advice of his strategist Yuan Xi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">袁襲</span></span>), decided to act. He gathered his own forces and requested additional forces from Sun Duan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">孫端</span></span>) the prefect of neighboring He Prefecture (和州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Chaohu_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaohu City">Chaohu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>), and headed for Yang Prefecture. Before he got there, Lü, with Gao and Gao's nephew Gao Jie (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">高傑</span></span>) turning against him, already fled Yang Prefecture, and they rendezvoused at Tianchang (天長, in modern Chuzhou), along with Bi's one-time ally Zhang Shenjian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">張神劍</span></span>), who had turned against Bi due to Bi's refusal to give him the spoils he wanted. (By this point, Bi, who had received aid from <a href="/wiki/Qin_Yan" title="Qin Yan">Qin Yan</a> the governor of Xuanshe Circuit (宣歙, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>), had offered the military governorship to Qin, so he informed Zhang that any division of spoils had to await Qin's decision, drawing Zhang's anger.)<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ257_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ257-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yang Xingmi then took these joint forces and put Yang Prefecture under siege. Qin and Bi initially defended the city against the siege, but their attempts to counterattack were repelled by Yang Xingmi, who inflicted heavy losses on their troops. Meanwhile, under siege, Yang Prefecture was running out of food supplies, leaving to severe famine and cannibalism. (During the siege, Qin put Gao to death, and Yang Xingmi responded by a great display of mourning.) After several months, Yang Xingmi, unable to capture the city, considered withdrawing, but one night, Lü's former subordinate Zhang Shenwei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">張審威</span></span>) opened the city gates and allowed Yang Xingmi's forces in. Qin and Bi fled, allowing Yang Xingmi to capture the city. He claimed the title of acting military governor, while putting Lü and several other officers whose loyalty he considered suspect to death, including Zhang Shenjian.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ257_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ257-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, by this point, Qin Zongquan's general <a href="/wiki/Sun_Ru" title="Sun Ru">Sun Ru</a> had arrived in the vicinity, having been sent earlier in the year by Qin Zongquan to vie for control of Huainan Circuit. (When Qin Zongquan subsequently tried to recall Sun, Sun killed Qin Zongquan's brother Qin Zongheng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">秦宗衡</span></span>), who was theoretically the commander of the army, and refused the recall, effectively acting independently from this point on.) Qin Yan and Bi joined forces with Sun, who immediately put up a threatening posture against Yang Xingmi. Yuan believed that with Yang Xingmi's forces worn out by the lengthy siege and the people of Yang Prefecture facing starvation, Yang Xingmi was in no shape to confront Sun. He suggested that Yang Xingmi abandon the city. Yang Xingmi agreed, and he prepared for an evacuation and return to Lu Prefecture, but did not carry it out immediately. </p><p>Meanwhile, the Tang imperial government, which was also weary of the developments at Huainan Circuit, had commissioned <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wen" title="Zhu Wen">Zhu Quanzhong</a> the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>) the military governor of Huainan as well. Zhu announced that he was making Yang Xingmi deputy military governor, while announcing his own officer Li Fan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李璠</span></span>) as acting military governor. He sent his advisor Zhang Yanfan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">張延範</span></span>) to Yang Prefecture to convey his good will and decisions to Yang Xingmi. Yang Xingmi initially welcomed Zhang, but upon hearing that Zhu was sending Li Fan as acting military governor, turned angry. Zhang, in fear, fled back to Xuanwu. Meanwhile, Li Fan, on his way south, was ambushed by <a href="/wiki/Shi_Pu" title="Shi Pu">Shi Pu</a> the military governor of Ganhua Circuit (感化, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>), who was angry that Zhu, not he, was given Huainan. With both Yang Xingmi and Shi turning against him, Zhu abandoned his plans of taking control of Huainan. He subsequently recommended to the imperial government that Yang be made acting military governor. In spring 888, Sun (who by this point had put Qin Yan and Bi to death and taken over their forces) finally attacked Yang Prefecture, capturing it easily. Sun claimed the title of military governor. Yang Xingmi fled, and per Yuan's suggestion, returned to Lu Prefecture to prepare his next step.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ257_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ257-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_against_Sun_Ru">War against Sun Ru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: War against Sun Ru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yang Xingmi, however, believed that Sun Ru would eventually attack him, and in fall 888, he considered heading south to attack <a href="/wiki/Zhong_Chuan" title="Zhong Chuan">Zhong Chuan</a> the military governor of Zhennan Circuit (鎮南, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>) to try to take over Zhong's territory. Yuan Xi, however, pointed out that Zhong had possessed Zhennan for years and was well-prepared for an attack; instead, he suggested that Yang attack <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Huang" title="Zhao Huang">Zhao Huang</a> the governor of Xuanshe (who had been commissioned by Qin Yan when Qin left Xuanshe to head for Huainan). Yang agreed, and also persuaded Sun Duan and <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xiong" title="Zhang Xiong">Zhang Xiong</a>, an independent general who was then at Shangyuan (上元, in modern <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>), to attack Zhao as well. With Zhao's main forces distracted by Sun's and Zhang's attacks, Yang was able to cross the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a> easily and put Xuanshe's capital Xuan Prefecture (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">宣州</span></span>) under siege. When Zhao's brother Zhao Qianzhi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">趙乾之</span></span>) the prefect of Chi Prefecture (池州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>) tried to come to aid Zhao Huang, Yang sent Tao Ya to face him, and Tao defeated him, forcing him to flee to Zhennan.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ257_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ257-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 889, With Xuan Prefecture running out of food, Zhao Huang's officer Zhou Jinsi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">周進思</span></span>) expelled him; he tried to flee to Yang Prefecture, but Tian Jun captured him. After Yang reported what occurred to Emperor Xizong's brother and successor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhaozong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Zhaozong of Tang">Emperor Zhaozong</a>, Emperor Zhaozong commissioned Yang as the governor of Xuanshe. Meanwhile, Zhu Quanzhong, who was an old friend of Zhao Huang's, sent emissaries to request that Yang release Zhao to him. However, Yang, accepting Yuan's suggestion that doing so might leave Zhao as a threat, instead executed Zhao and gave Zhao's head to Zhu's emissaries. Meanwhile, he sent Tian to attack Chang Prefecture (常州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>), then held by Du Leng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">杜稜</span></span>), a subordinate of <a href="/wiki/Qian_Liu" title="Qian Liu">Qian Liu</a>; Tian surprised Du and captured him, taking Chang Prefecture. Yang also sent Ma Jingyan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">馬敬言</span></span>) to capture Run Prefecture (潤州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>), and Ma did so. Subsequently, Emperor Zhaozong upgraded Xuanshe to a circuit with a military governor, renamed it Ningguo, and made Yang its military governor. Yang then also sent Li You (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李友</span></span>) to capture Sū Prefecture (蘇州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>), but subsequently, Sun Ru attacked and took Su, killing Li You; Yang's officer An Renyi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">安仁義</span></span>), who was then at Run, then abandoned Run as well, allowing Sun to take Run. When Sun attacked Lu, Cai Chou (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">蔡儔</span></span>), whom Yang had left in defense of Lu, also surrendered it to Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ258_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ258-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spring 891, Sun pressed his attack, repeatedly defeating An and Tian, pushing toward Xuan Prefecture. It was said that the morale of Yang's army fell low in light of the defeats, rebounding only somewhat after some successes by Li Shenfu and Tai Meng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">臺濛</span></span>). Sun pushed forward to Huangchi (黃池, in modern <a href="/wiki/Wuhu_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuhu City">Wuhu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>) and defeated Yang's officers Liu Wei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">劉威</span></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yanshou" title="Zhu Yanshou">Zhu Yanshou</a> (a younger brother of Yang's wife Lady Zhu). However, Sun's army was thereafter stricken by a flood, forcing him to withdraw and return to Yang Prefecture. He nevertheless was able to send his officers Kang Wang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">康暀</span></span>) and An Jingsi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">安景思</span></span>) to capture He and Chú Prefectures, respectively, although Li Shenfu soon recaptured them.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ258_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ258-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, Yang and Zhu Quanzhong entered into an alliance against Sun. When Sun heard this, he decided that he would destroy Yang first and then attack Zhu. He thus forced the mature men and women of Yang Prefecture across the Yangtze to accompany his army, while killing the old and the weak. (As Sun left Yang Prefecture, Yang sent Zhang Xun and <a href="/wiki/Li_Decheng" title="Li Decheng">Li Decheng</a> into Yang Prefecture to take control of the remaining food supplies in the city and to comfort those who escaped Sun's massacre, effectively allowing him to take the city without a fight.) Sun subsequently surrounded Yang Xingmi at Guangde (廣德, in modern Xuancheng), and Yang Xingmi only escaped through the efforts of his officer Li Jian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李簡</span></span>). Sun then advanced toward Xuan Prefecture. Yang Xingmi sought aid from Qian, who then possessed the Hang Prefecture (杭州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a>) region; Qian did not launch troops, but did aid Yang's army with food.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ258_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ258-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spring 892, With Sun's numerically superior army pressuring him, Yang considered abandoning Xuan Prefecture and withdrawing to Tongguan (銅官, in modern <a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>). Liu, Li Shenfu, and Dai Yougui (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">戴友規</span></span>) dissuaded him, pointing out that Sun believed that he could destroy Yang quickly and therefore carried a minimal amount of food, and if Yang could simply refuse to engage Sun and wear Sun's army down, he could be destroyed. Dai further persuaded Yang to send the Yang Prefecture refugees who had fled to Ningguo back to Yang Prefecture to settle down, to try to see if that would cause Sun's army to miss Yang Prefecture. Meanwhile, Zhang and Yang's other officers also retook Chang and Run Prefectures. When Shi Pu also wanted to use this opportunity to advance south, Zhang and Li Decheng repelled his forces and further took Chǔ Prefecture (楚州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, note different tone from the prefecture in modern Chuzhou).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ259_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ259-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By summer 892, Sun's army had been worn down sufficiently that Yang's army was beginning to have successes, and Zhang cut off Sun's army's food supply routes. Further, Sun's army was suffering from diseases, and Sun himself was stricken with malaria. With food supplies running low, he sent his officers <a href="/wiki/Liu_Jianfeng_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Liu Jianfeng (Tang dynasty)">Liu Jianfeng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ma_Yin" title="Ma Yin">Ma Yin</a> to the nearby countryside to pillage for food. Yang, after hearing that Sun had fallen ill, made a final attack against Sun, defeating him. Tian captured Sun on the battlefield, and Yang executed Sun, sending his head to Emperor Zhaozong. Most of Sun's army surrendered to Yang, although Liu Jianfeng and Ma Yin took some of the remnants and advanced south. (They eventually reached the <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> region and took it over.) Yang then marched victoriously to Yang Prefecture and made it his headquarters again, while stationing Tian at Xuan Prefecture and An Renyi at Run Prefecture. Emperor Zhaozong, receiving Yang's report, made him the military governor of Huainan, while making Tian the acting military governor of Ningguo and An the prefect of Run.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ259_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ259-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rule_over_Huainan_and_nearby_territory">Rule over Huainan and nearby territory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rule over Huainan and nearby territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_rule">Early rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was said that due to years of warfare, Huainan Circuit was stripped of its population and wealth. Yang Xingmi was frugal, promoted farming, decreased the tax burden, and encouraged commerce with nearby circuits. It was said that within several years, Huainan was restored to what it was before the war began. He organized 5,000 of Sun Ru's soldiers who submitted to him into an elite corp known as the Heiyun Corps (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">黑雲都</span></span>), and had them serve as his advance corps in battles against other circuits.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ259_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ259-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, although Sun's subordinates largely submitted to Yang (other than the escaped Liu Jianfeng and Ma Yin), Cai Chou the prefect of Lu Prefecture, who had previously been Yang's subordinate but had surrendered to Sun, started a campaign to resist Yang at Lu Prefecture, along with Ni Zhang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">倪章</span></span>) the prefect of Shu Prefecture. Cai, in order to show resolve, dug open the graves of Yang's ancestors, and further had an emissary offer his prefect seal to Zhu Quanzhong, seeking aid from Zhu. Zhu, however, despised Cai for his treachery, and refused to aid Cai; instead, he informed Yang of what Cai had done. Yang thanked Zhu and sent Li Shenfu to attack Cai, and commanded a follow-up army himself. Cai's subordinate <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Hao_(general)" title="Zhang Hao (general)">Zhang Hao</a> surrendered to Yang. Lu Prefecture fell in fall 893, and Yang executed Cai — but refused to accept the suggestion that Cai's ancestral tombs be dug up, stating: "Because of what Cai Chou did, the people under heaven despised him. Why should I follow his example?" Thereafter, he also sent Tian Jun to attack She Prefecture (歙州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Huangshan_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangshan (city)">Huangshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>); when the people of She offered to surrender if Yang would make Tao Ya, who was known for kindness to the people, prefect, Yang did so, and She surrendered. Yang treated the imperially-commissioned prefect <a href="/wiki/Pei_Shu" title="Pei Shu">Pei Shu</a> with respect, and sent him back to the imperial government. Meanwhile, Ni abandoned Shu and fled, and Yang sent Li Shenfu to be its prefect.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ259_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ259-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spring 894, Wu Tao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">吳討</span></span>) the prefect of Huang Prefecture (黃州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>) — which belonged to neighboring Wuchang Circuit (武昌, headquartered in modern Wuhan) — submitted to Yang. When Wuchang's military governor <a href="/wiki/Du_Hong" title="Du Hong">Du Hong</a> subsequently attacked Huang, Yang sent Zhu Yanshou to aid Wu Tao, starting years of warfare with Wuchang. (Wu subsequently offered to resign since he feared further attack from Du; Yang then had Ju Zhang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">瞿章</span></span>) take over as prefect.) Meanwhile, the relationship between Yang and Zhu Quanzhong also broke down over two disputes — when an emissary of Zhu's insulted Zhang Jian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">張諫</span></span>) the prefect of Si Prefecture (泗州, in modern Huai'an), Zhang responded by submitting to Yang, and when Yang sent his officer Tang Linghui (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">唐令回</span></span>) to Xuanwu's capital Bian Prefecture (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">汴州</span></span>) with a large supply of tea to try to sell it for profit, Zhu had Tang detained and seized all of the tea.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ259_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ259-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spring 895, Yang submitted a petition to Emperor Zhaozong accusing Zhu of crimes, requesting that Emperor Zhaozong order the military governors to the north to attack Zhu with him; Emperor Zhaozong's court, which was extremely weak by that point, was not recorded as having taken any actions on Yang's petition. Yang subsequently attacked Shou Prefecture and captured it; he made Zhu Yanshou its military prefect (團練使, <i>Tuanlianshi</i>), and Zhu Yanshou was subsequently able to beat back a Xuanwu counterattack and able to hold Shou.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ260_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ260-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Dong_Chang_(warlord)" title="Dong Chang (warlord)">Dong Chang</a> the military governor of Yisheng Circuit (義勝, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a>) had misjudged his strength and declared himself the emperor of a new state of Luoping (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">羅平</span></span>). Qian Liu (who carried the title of military governor of Zhenhai Circuit (鎮海, previously headquartered at Run Prefecture but now was headquartered at Qian's base Hang Prefecture)), who had previously been Dong's subordinate, used this as the excuse to attack Dong, seeking to conquer Dong's Yisheng Circuit. Yang, not wanting to see Qian conquer Dong, tried to dissuade Qian, and also sent emissaries to Dong urging him to immediately cancel any use of imperial title and resume offering tributes to Emperor Zhaozong. Qian would not relent in his attack, however, so Yang sent Tai Meng to attack Sū Prefecture to divert Qian's attention, while submitting petitions in Dong's defense. However, while Yang, who later went to Su himself to command the siege, was able to capture Su, additional attacks by Tian and An Renyi against other officers of Qian's were repelled, and Qian's attacks against Dong did not abate. By summer 896, Dong was forced to surrender to Qian, who executed him and took over Yisheng (which was subsequently renamed Zhendong). Meanwhile, Qian, Du Hong, and Zhong Chuan, all fearing that they would be the next target of Yang's expansion, entered into an alliance with Zhu Quanzhong.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ260_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ260-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around this time, Emperor Zhaozong also gave Yang the honorary titles of acting <i>Taifu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">太傅</span></span>) and <i>Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">同中書門下平章事</span></span>) and created him the Prince of Hongnong.<sup id="cite_ref-SGCQ1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGCQ1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By spring 897, Zhu Quanzhong had achieved final victory against two military governors that he had waged war against for years — <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Xuan" title="Zhu Xuan">Zhu Xuan</a> the military governor of Tianping Circuit (天平, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>) and Zhu Xuan's cousin <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Jin" title="Zhu Jin">Zhu Jin</a> the military governor of Taining Circuit (泰寧, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Jining,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jining, Shandong">Jining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>) — capturing and executing Zhu Xuan, forcing Zhu Jin to flee, and taking control of both circuits, allowing him full control of the region between the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a>. (Shi Pu's Ganhua Circuit had fallen to him in 893.) Zhu Jin fled to Huainan, along with the Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>) officers Shi Yan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">史儼</span></span>) and Li Chengsi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李承嗣</span></span>), whom Hedong's military governor <a href="/wiki/Li_Keyong" title="Li Keyong">Li Keyong</a> had previously sent to aid Zhu Xuan and Zhu Jin. Yang personally went to Gaoyou (高郵, in modern Yangzhou) to welcome them. It was said that previously, the Huainan forces were only capable at water welfare, and now with the injection of the field soldiers from Tianping, Taining, and Hedong, their field fighting capabilities were greatly improved. Li Keyong subsequently sent emissaries to Yang, requesting that Shi and Li Chengsi be returned to him; Yang agreed, but as Yang treated Shi and Li Chengsi well and awarded them with much treasure, neither Shi nor Li Chengsi actually ever returned to Hedong, and they served Huainan thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ261_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ261-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in spring 897, Yang resumed his attacks against Wuchang. At Du's request for assistance, Zhu Quanzhong sent his adoptive son Zhu Yougong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">朱友恭</span></span>) to attack Huang Prefecture. Ju Zhang abandoned Huang in response to Zhu Yougong's attack, but was subsequently captured by Zhu Yougong. Meanwhile, Zhu Quanzhong, having conquered Tianping and Taining, decided to make Huainan his next target, so he gathered his available forces and sent his major general <a href="/wiki/Pang_Shigu" title="Pang Shigu">Pang Shigu</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">龐師古</span></span>) with 70,000 soldiers from Xuanwu and Ganhua Circuits to Qingkou (清口, in modern Huai'an), posturing to head to Yang Prefecture; another major general <a href="/wiki/Ge_Congzhou" title="Ge Congzhou">Ge Congzhou</a> with the forces from Tianping and Taining Circuits to Anfeng (安豐, in modern Lu'an), posturing to head to Shou Prefecture; and Zhu Quanzhong himself with his main forces to Sù Prefecture (宿州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>, note different tone from the prefecture in modern Jiangsu). The people of Huainan Circuit were greatly shocked and dismayed by Zhu's forces. However, Pang, because he had such an impressive force, underestimated Yang Xingmi's army. Yang Xingmi had Zhu Jin serve as his advance commander, and Zhu constructed a dam on the Huai River. When Yang Xingmi attacked Pang, Zhu released the waters to flood Pang's army, and then attacked Pang with Yang. Pang's army was crushed by the waters and the Huainan forces, and Pang was killed. Zhu Yanshou also defeated Ge's army. Hearing that both of his generals had been defeated, Zhu Quanzhong also retreated. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qingkou" title="Battle of Qingkou">Battle of Qingkou</a> thus affirmed Yang's control of the territory between the Huai and the Yangtze Rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ261_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ261-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spring 898, Qian Liu, Zhong Chuan, Du Hong, and <a href="/wiki/Wang_Shifan" title="Wang Shifan">Wang Shifan</a>, the military governor of Pinglu Circuit (平盧, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>), all submitted petitions to Emperor Zhaozong, requesting that the imperial government declare a general campaign against Yang, with Zhu Quanzhong as the campaign commander; Emperor Zhaozong refused. Meanwhile, hearing of Zhu Quanzhong's defeat, <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Kuangning" title="Zhao Kuangning">Zhao Kuangning</a> the military governor of Zhongyi Circuit (忠義, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Xiangfan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangfan">Xiangfan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>) secretly entered into an alliance with Yang, but after Zhu Quanzhong found out and attacked Zhongyi, capturing Zhao's brother Zhao Kuanglin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">趙匡璘</span></span>), Zhao Kuangning agreed to abandon his alliance with Yang. Similarly, Cui Hong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">崔洪</span></span>) the military governor of Fengguo Circuit, a vassal of Zhu's, also had secret communications with Yang, and when Zhu discovered this, Zhu sent Zhang Cunjing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">張存敬</span></span>) to attack Cui. Cui warded off the attack by sending his brother Cui Xian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">崔賢</span></span>) to Zhu as a hostage and promised to contribute 2,000 soldiers to Zhu's campaigns. Subsequently, when Zhu sent Cui Xian back to Fengguo and demanded that he return with the 2,000 promised soldiers, Cui Hong's officer Cui Jingsi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">崔景思</span></span>) assassinated Cui Xian and seized Cui Hong, fleeing to Yang's domain with him and the soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ261_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ261-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_rule">Late rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Late rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In spring 899, Yang Xingmi and Zhu Jin attacked Ganhua's capital Xu Prefecture (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">徐州</span></span>). Zhu Quanzhong, after first sending his officer Zhang Guihou (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">張歸厚</span></span>) to try to relieve Xu, also personally led a relief force that trailed. When Yang heard of Zhu's impending arrival, he withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ261_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ261-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 900, Emperor Zhaozong bestowed on Yang the honorary chancellor title of <i>Shizhong</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">侍中</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ262_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ262-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fall 901, rumors arrived at Yang's headquarters that Qian Liu had been assassinated. Believing the rumors to be true and believing that this would be his opportunity to seize Qian's capital Hang Prefecture, he sent Li Shenfu to attack Qian's Zhenhai Circuit. Qian sent his general Gu Quanwu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">顧全武</span></span>) to resist, but Li Shenfu defeated and captured him. However, Li soon realized that Qian had not been assassinated and that he would not be able to capture more of Qian's territory. To ward off a Qian counterattack, he, who had captured Qian's hometown Lin'an (臨安, in modern Hangzhou) by this point, protected Qian's ancestral tombs and allowed Gu, whom Qian valued greatly, to write home; he also pretended a large Huainan reinforcement was on the way. After extracting a large amount of monetary award from Qian, he then withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ262_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ262-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Yang later returned Gu to Zhenhai in return for Qin Pei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">秦裴</span></span>), a Huainan officer who was captured when Qian recaptured Sū Prefecture.)<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ263-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By late 901, the powerful palace <a href="/wiki/Eunuch_(court_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eunuch (court official)">eunuchs</a>, upon learning of a plot between Emperor Zhaozong and the chancellor <a href="/wiki/Cui_Yin" title="Cui Yin">Cui Yin</a> to slaughter them, planned to kill Cui. In response, Cui summoned Zhu Quanzhong to the imperial capital <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> with an army. Upon hearing of Zhu's impending arrival, the eunuchs, led by <a href="/wiki/Han_Quanhui" title="Han Quanhui">Han Quanhui</a>, seized Emperor Zhaozong and fled to the domain of Han's ally <a href="/wiki/Li_Maozhen" title="Li Maozhen">Li Maozhen</a> the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>). Zhu soon arrived in Chang'an's vicinity and, at Cui's urging, put Fengxiang's capital Fengxiang Municipality under siege.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ262_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ262-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Fengxiang under siege, Emperor Zhaozong issued an edict (possibly under the eunuchs' duress) in spring 902 to Yang, commissioning him as the overall commander of the circuits to the east, bestowing him the honorary chancellor title of <i>Zhongshu Ling</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">中書令</span></span>), and created him the Prince of Wu. The edict ordered Yang to attack Zhu from the east. (The edict was delivered by <a href="/wiki/Li_Yan_(Wu)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Yan (Wu)">Li Yan</a>, the son of the retired chancellor <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jun_(Tang_chancellor)" title="Zhang Jun (Tang chancellor)">Zhang Jun</a>, on whom Emperor Zhaozong bestowed the imperial surname of Li. Li Yan would subsequently remain in Yang's domain to serve as the Tang emperor's representative, although after Li Yan's arrival Yang also himself began exercising imperial authority, as the edict that Li Yan delivered authorized him to do so.) Yang thereafter prepared a campaign against Zhu.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ263-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Yang was preparing the campaign against Zhu, Tian Jun, who was by this point the military governor of Ningguo, was preparing an attack against <a href="/wiki/Feng_Hongduo" title="Feng Hongduo">Feng Hongduo</a>, an officer of Zhang Xiong's who had continued to occupy Sheng Prefecture (昇州, i.e., Shangyuan) after Zhang's death, who had an impressive fleet. (Because of his fleet, Feng had refused to submit to Yang.) Tian built a fleet himself in preparation, and Feng decided to preempt him by attacking Ningguo's capital Xuan Prefecture with his fleet, despite Yang's sending messengers to urge him not to. When Feng engaged Tian, however, Tian defeated him and crushed his fleet. Feng, in light of his defeat, considered heading east out onto the <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a>, but Yang persuaded him that he would be treated well if he submitted to Yang. Feng did so, and Yang commissioned him as deputy military governor of Huainan. Yang then sent Li Shenfu to serve as the prefect of Sheng.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ263-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the Feng threat over, Yang launched his attack on Zhu's domain, leaving Li Chengsi in charge at Huainan's headquarters. However, his army ran into food supply problems, as the large ships that he used to ship food supplies got stuck in the canals. (<a href="/wiki/Xu_Wen" title="Xu Wen">Xu Wen</a> had suggested supplying the army with small ships instead, to no avail, but after this incident Yang began to value Xu's advice and began to promote him.) Subsequently, when the Huainan army attacked but could not capture Sù Prefecture quickly, Yang withdrew. (With Yang's campaign having failed, by 903 Li Maozhen was forced to kill Han and other eunuchs who followed Han and surrender Emperor Zhaozong to Zhu, to sue for peace. Zhu subsequently slaughtered the remaining eunuchs and took Emperor Zhaozong back to Chang'an and kept him under effective control.)<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ263-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fall 902, Qian's officers <a href="/wiki/Xu_Wan" title="Xu Wan">Xu Wan</a> and Xu Zaisi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">許再思</span></span>) mutinied against him and tried to take Hang Prefecture for themselves. When their initial attempt failed, they enticed Tian from coming to their aid. When Tian arrived at Hang Prefecture, he put it under siege and offered that if Qian would surrender it, he would be allowed to withdraw to Zhendong Circuit without further pursuit from Tian. Qian refused and, under Gu's suggestion, decided to enlist Yang's aid in stopping Tian (who was still Yang's vassal at this point). He sent Gu, with his son Qian Chuanliao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">錢傳璙</span></span>), to Huainan as emissaries. Gu pointed out to Yang that if Tian captured Zhenhai, his power would increase greatly and would threaten Yang's; instead, he offered that if Yang would order Tian to withdraw, Qian Liu would leave Qian Chuanliao as a hostage. Yang accepted the proposal and gave a daughter to Qian Chuanliao in marriage. Yang subsequently ordered Tian to withdraw, threatening that if he did not, Yang would send someone else to take over Ningguo. Faced with the threat, Tian withdrew after extracting a monetary payment from Qian and forcing Qian to surrender a son (<a href="/wiki/Qian_Yuanguan" title="Qian Yuanguan">Qian Chuanguan</a>) as hostage.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ263-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spring 903, Yang sent Li Shenfu, assisted by Liu You (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">劉有</span></span>), to attack Du Hong's Wuchang Circuit.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ263-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Wang Shifan, who had similarly received an edict from Emperor Zhaozong to attack Zhu during the Fengxiang siege and who had acted on it, was now facing the overwhelming attack of Zhu's, and he sought aid from Yang. Yang sent <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingren" title="Wang Jingren">Wang Maozhang</a> to aid him and launched an attack on Sù Prefecture, but soon withdrew his attack from Sù. In addition, while Wang Maozhang initially had successes in conjunction with Wang Shifan in repelling the Xuanwu attack, soon, Wang Maozhang, determining that it would be impossible to indefinitely hold off the Xuanwu attack, withdrew from Pinglu, leaving Wang Shifan without further aid. By winter 903, Wang Shifan was forced to resubmit to Zhu.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ264_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, it was said that Tian had become deeply resentful against Yang for forcing him to abandon Zhenhai. His resentment was furthered when he went to Yang Prefecture to meet Yang Xingmi to request that Chi and She Prefecture, both of which had previously belonged to Ningguo, be returned to Ningguo, and Yang refused. In summer 903, Tian and An Renyi (who was then still at Run Prefecture as its military prefect) together rose in rebellion against Yang; they eventually enticed Zhu Yanshou, who was then at Shou Prefecture and who carried the title of military governor of Fengguo, to join them as well (although Zhu Yanshou did not initially publicly state his intentions), and sent emissaries to Zhu Quanzhong, who also postured to attack Huainan to aid them. In face of the threat, Yang recalled Li Shenfu (who had been attacking Wuchang) to attack Tian and sent Wang Maozhang and Xu Wen to attack An. Yang, realizing that Zhu Yanshou was about to turn against him, pretended to have suffered a stroke and stated to his wife Lady Zhu that he would be entrusting the headquarters to Zhu Yanshou; she wrote Zhu Yanshou relaying Yang's remarks. Yang then summoned Zhu Yanshou to Yang Prefecture; believing Yang's sincerity, Zhu Yanshou went and was seized and executed by Yang, who then also executed Zhu Yanshou's brothers and divorced Lady Zhu.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ264_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, Li Shenfu had initial successes against Tian's officers Wang Tan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王壇</span></span>) and Wang Jian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">汪建</span></span>). Tian therefore decided to depart Xuan Prefecture and engage Li Shenfu himself. At Li Shenfu's suggestion, Yang then sent Tai Meng to attack Xuan after Tian left Xuan. Upon hearing that Tai was about to arrive, Tian turned back to Xuan and engaged Tai. Tai sent letters in Yang's name to Tian's officers, who still bore allegiance to Yang, and then attacked, defeating Tian, who then fled back to Xuan Prefecture. Tai put Xuan under siege, and when Tian tried to counterattack, Tai defeated him and killed him. Yang, remembering his friendship with Tian, pardoned Tian's mother Lady Yin and continued to honor her as she was a mother. Further, he incorporated Tian's staff into his despite their earlier opposition to him.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ264_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (An continued to hold out and would not be defeated and executed until spring 905.)<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ265_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ265-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With Tian defeated, Yang commissioned Li Shenfu as the new military governor of Ningguo, but Li Shenfu declined and resumed the campaign against Wuchang.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ264_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, Yang commissioned Tai as governor (not military governor).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ265_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ265-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yang also sent Gu and Qian Chuanliao, along with Qian Chuanliao's wife (his daughter) back to Qian Liu. Meanwhile, Zhu Quanzhong had destroyed the city of Chang'an and forced Emperor Zhaozong to move the capital to <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>. On the journey to Luoyang, Emperor Zhaozong sent one final secret communique to Yang, Li Keyong, and <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jian_(Former_Shu)" title="Wang Jian (Former Shu)">Wang Jian</a> the military governor of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>) to ask for them to make an attempt to rescue him; none of the three did. Still, when Zhu Quanzhong sent emissaries to try to persuade Yang to abandon the campaign against Wuchang, Yang sent back the response, "I will do so and rebuild my relationship with you if the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">Son of Heaven</a> were restored to Chang'an."<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ264_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In summer 904, Li Shenfu fell ill and died while attacking Wuchang; Yang replaced him with Liu Cun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">劉存</span></span>). Meanwhile, Tai also died, and Yang replaced Tai with his oldest son <a href="/wiki/Yang_Wo" title="Yang Wo">Yang Wo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ265_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ265-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In winter 904, Zhu Quanzhong himself led an army to try to aid Wuchang and sent other officers to raid Huainan territory. He also sent Cao Yanzuo (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">曹延祚</span></span>) to Wuchang's capital E Prefecture (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">鄂州</span></span>) to help Du defend it in light of Liu's siege. However, by spring 905, Liu had captured E Prefecture and taken Du and Cao prisoner; he sent them to Yang Prefecture, where they were executed, allowing Yang to incorporate Wuchang into his domain.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ265_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ265-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through the years, Zhao Kuangning remained in communications with both Yang and Wang Jian, a situation that eventually drew Zhu's anger. In summer 905, he launched a major attack against both Zhao Kuangning and his brother <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Kuangming" title="Zhao Kuangming">Zhao Kuangming</a>, the military governor of Jingnan Circuit (荊南, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>). The Zhao brothers were crushed; Zhao Kuangning fled to Huainan, and Zhao Kuangming fled to Xichuan. Zhu incorporated their domains into his. After his success, he decided to head east to attack Huainan, but after running into storms, withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ265_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ265-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, Yang grew ill, and faced a succession problem. The natural successor would be his son Yang Wo, but the Huainan staff members all had low opinions of Yang Wo. When Yang Xingmi brought up the matter with his secretary Zhou Yin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">周隱</span></span>) and told Zhou to issue an order summoning Yang Wo back from Xuan Prefecture, Zhou opposed the idea, stating that he viewed Yang Wo as an inappropriate successor due to his love for drinking and games. Instead, Zhou suggested that Yang entrust the circuit to Liu Wei with the direction that after Yang's younger sons grew older that the circuit be given to one of them — a proposal that Xu Wen and Zhang Hao attacked as unworkable. When Yang again told Zhou to summon Yang Wo, Zhou drafted such an order but then delayed sending it. However, Xu and Zhang found the order and sent it, and Yang Wo arrived in Yang Prefecture in winter 905. Yang Xingmi commissioned him as the acting military governor of Huainan and soon thereafter died. At the Huainan staff members' request, Li Yan issued an order under Tang imperial authority making Yang Wo the new military governor of Huainan and overall commander of the eastern circuits, succeeding Yang Xingmi.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ265_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ265-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_information">Personal information</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Father">Father</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Father"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Yang Fu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">楊怤</span></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wife">Wife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Wife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lady Zhu, the Lady of Yan, sister of <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yanshou" title="Zhu Yanshou">Zhu Yanshou</a> (divorced 903)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_Concubines">Major Concubines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Major Concubines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Dowager_Shi" title="Queen Dowager Shi">Lady Shi</a>, mother of Yang Wo and Yang Longyan, the Lady of Wuchang, later honored Lady Dowager (honored 905), later Queen Dowager (honored 919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Wang_(Rui)" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Dowager Wang (Rui)">Lady Wang</a>, mother of Yang Pu, honored Queen Dowager (honored 920), later Empress Dowager (honored 927, died 929)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sons">Sons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Wo" title="Yang Wo">Yang Wo</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">楊渥</span></span>), later Prince Wei of Hongnong, posthumously honored Prince Wei of Wu, then King Jing of Wu, then Emperor Jing of Wu (with temple name of Liezu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Longyan" title="Yang Longyan">Yang Longyan</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">楊隆演</span></span>), also known as Yang Wei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">楊渭</span></span>), later King Xuan of Wu, posthumously honored Emperor Xuan of Wu (with temple name of Gaozu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Meng" title="Yang Meng">Yang Meng</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">楊濛</span></span>), initially Duke of Lujiang (created 919), later Prince of Changshan (created 927), later Prince of Linchuan (created 928), later Duke of Liyang (demoted 934, executed 937), posthumously demoted to commoner rank, later title restored to Prince Ling of Linchuan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Pu" title="Yang Pu">Yang Pu</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">楊溥</span></span>), later Emperor Rui of Wu</li> <li>Yang Xun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">楊潯</span></span>), Duke of Xin'an (created 919, died 919?)</li> <li>Yang Che (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">楊澈</span></span>), initially Duke of Poyang (created 919), later Prince of Pingyuan (created 927), later Prince of Dehua (created 930)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daughter">Daughter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Daughter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Princess Xunyang</li> <li>Daughter, wife of Qian Chuanliao (錢傳璙, later known as Qian Yuanliao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">錢元璙)</span></span>), son of <a href="/wiki/Qian_Liu" title="Qian Liu">Qian Liu</a></li> <li>Daughter, wife of Jiang Yanhui (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">蔣延徽</span></span>)</li> <li>Daughter, wife of son of Li Yu, later wife of <a href="/wiki/Xu_Jie_(Southern_Tang)" title="Xu Jie (Southern Tang)">Xu Jie</a></li> <li>Daughter, wife of Liu Rengui (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">劉仁規</span></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adopted the era name of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhaozong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Zhaozong of Tang">Emperor Zhaozong of Tang</a>. 905 was the 1st year of <i>Tiānyòu</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SGCQ1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SGCQ1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SGCQ1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SGCQ1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SGCQ1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_Annals_of_the_Ten_Kingdoms" title="Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms">Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/06080943.cn#page/n108/mode/2up">vol. 1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AS_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Academia Sinica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sinocal.sinica.edu.tw/">Chinese-Western Calendar Converter</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ265-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ265_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ265_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ265_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ265_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ265_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ265_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ265_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7265" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷265">vol. 265</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yang Xingmi's title of <i>Wang</i> (王) is translatable in English as either "prince" or "king." It will be largely translated as "prince" here as he made no attempt to claim his domain to be a state independent from Tang dynasty, and it was not until the time of his son <a href="/wiki/Yang_Longyan" title="Yang Longyan">Yang Longyan</a> (King Xuan), by which time the Tang imperial line had long been extinguished, that the Wu state formally declared itself independent, that the Wu rulers claimed the title of <i>Guowang</i> (lit., "state prince/king"). However, "king" will be used for the posthumous honors that Yang Longyan bestowed on him as Yang Longyan was then claiming the <i>Guowang</i> title. See <i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7270" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷270">vol. 270</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ264-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ264_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ264_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ264_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ264_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ264_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ264_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7264" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷264">vol. 264</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ255-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ255_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ255_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ255_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7255" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷255">vol. 255</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ256-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ256_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7256" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷256">vol. 256</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ257-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ257_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ257_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ257_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ257_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7257" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷257">vol. 257</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ258-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ258_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ258_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ258_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7258" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷258">vol. 258</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ259-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ259_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ259_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ259_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ259_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ259_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7259" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷259">vol. 259</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ260-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ260_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ260_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7260" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷260">vol. 260</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ261-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ261_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ261_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ261_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ261_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7261" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷261">vol. 261</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ262-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ262_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ262_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ262_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7262" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷262">vol. 262</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ263-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7263" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷263">vol. 263</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMote,_F.W.1999" class="citation book cs1">Mote, F.W. (1999). <i>Imperial China (900-1800)</i>. Harvard University Press. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+China+%28900-1800%29&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Mote%2C+F.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYang+Xingmi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Tang/rulers-wu.html">"Chinese History - Ten States 十國 (902-979): Wu 吳 (Huainan 淮南; 902-937)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinese+History+-+Ten+States+%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B+%28902-979%29%3A+Wu+%E5%90%B3+%28Huainan+%E6%B7%AE%E5%8D%97%3B+902-937%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaknowledge.de%2FHistory%2FTang%2Frulers-wu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYang+Xingmi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nobility" title="Chinese nobility">Chinese nobility</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Wu_(Ten_Kingdoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu (Ten Kingdoms)">Prince of Wu</a> </b><br />902–905 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yang_Wo" title="Yang Wo">Yang Wo</a> (Prince Wei of Hongnong)</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wen" title="Zhu Wen">Zhu Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yougui" title="Zhu Yougui">Zhu Yougui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Youzhen" title="Zhu Youzhen">Zhu Youzhen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concurrent warlords</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shouguang" title="Liu Shouguang">Liu Shouguang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yan_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Yan (Five Dynasties period)">Yan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Rong_(warlord)" title="Wang Rong (warlord)">Wang Rong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zhao_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Zhao (Five Dynasties period)">Zhao</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Maozhen" title="Li Maozhen">Li Maozhen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qi_(Li_Maozhen%27s_state)" title="Qi (Li Maozhen's state)">Qi</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Jin34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jin_(Later_Tang_precursor)" title="Jin (Later Tang precursor)">Jin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Li_Keyong" title="Li Keyong">Li Keyong</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxu" title="Li Cunxu">Li Cunxu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Siyuan" title="Li Siyuan">Li Siyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Conghou" title="Li Conghou">Li Conghou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Congke" title="Li Congke">Li Congke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Jingtang" title="Shi Jingtang">Shi Jingtang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Chonggui" title="Shi Chonggui">Shi Chonggui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interregnum<br />(<a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a> occupation)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Taizong of Liao">Emperor Taizong of Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shizong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Shizong of Liao">Emperor Shizong of Liao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Han_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Han (Five Dynasties)">Later Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhiyuan" title="Liu Zhiyuan">Liu Zhiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chengyou" title="Liu Chengyou">Liu Chengyou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Han" title="Northern Han">Northern Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chong" title="Liu Chong">Liu Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Jun_(Northern_Han)" title="Liu Jun (Northern Han)">Liu Chengjun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Ji%27en" title="Liu Ji'en">Liu Ji'en</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Jiyuan" title="Liu Jiyuan">Liu Jiyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Zhou" title="Later Zhou">Later Zhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Wei" title="Guo Wei">Guo Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chai_Rong" title="Chai Rong">Chai Rong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Zongxun" title="Guo Zongxun">Guo Zongxun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ten Kingdoms<br />(other than Northern Han)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Former_Shu" title="Former Shu">Former Shu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jian_(Former_Shu)" title="Wang Jian (Former Shu)">Wang Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zongyan" title="Wang Zongyan">Wang Zongyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Zhixiang" title="Meng Zhixiang">Meng Zhixiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Chang" title="Meng Chang">Meng Chang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jingnan" title="Jingnan">Jingnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Jixing" title="Gao Jixing">Gao Jixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Conghui" title="Gao Conghui">Gao Conghui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Baorong" title="Gao Baorong">Gao Baorong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Baoxu" title="Gao Baoxu">Gao Baoxu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Jichong" title="Gao Jichong">Gao Jichong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ma_Chu" title="Ma Chu">Chu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Yin" title="Ma Yin">Ma Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xisheng" title="Ma Xisheng">Ma Xisheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xifan" title="Ma Xifan">Ma Xifan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xiguang" title="Ma Xiguang">Ma Xiguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xi%27e" title="Ma Xi'e">Ma Xi'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xichong" title="Ma Xichong">Ma Xichong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Han" title="Southern Han">Southern Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yan_(Southern_Han)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Yan (Southern Han)">Liu Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bin_(Southern_Han)" title="Liu Bin (Southern Han)">Liu Bin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Sheng_(Southern_Han)" title="Liu Sheng (Southern Han)">Liu Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chang_(Southern_Han)" title="Liu Chang (Southern Han)">Liu Chang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yang_Wu" title="Yang Wu">Wu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yang Xingmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Wo" title="Yang Wo">Yang Wo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Longyan" title="Yang Longyan">Yang Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Pu" title="Yang Pu">Yang Pu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Bian" title="Li Bian">Li Bian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jing_(Southern_Tang)" title="Li Jing (Southern Tang)">Li Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)" title="Li Yu (Southern Tang)">Li Yu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Min_(Ten_Kingdoms)" title="Min (Ten Kingdoms)">Min</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chao_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Wang Chao (Tang dynasty)">Wang Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Shenzhi" title="Wang Shenzhi">Wang Shenzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanhan" title="Wang Yanhan">Wang Yanhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanjun" title="Wang Yanjun">Wang Yanjun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jipeng" title="Wang Jipeng">Wang Jipeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanxi" title="Wang Yanxi">Wang Yanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wenjin" title="Zhu Wenjin">Zhu Wenjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yin_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Yin (Five Dynasties period)">Yin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanzheng" title="Wang Yanzheng">Wang Yanzheng</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Liu" title="Qian Liu">Qian Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Yuanguan" title="Qian Yuanguan">Qian Yuanguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Hongzuo" title="Qian Hongzuo">Qian Hongzuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Hongzong" title="Qian Hongzong">Qian Hongzong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Chu" title="Qian Chu">Qian Chu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Xia" title="Template:Kings of Xia">Xia</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Shang" title="Template:Kings of Shang">Shang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Zhou" title="Template:Kings of Zhou">Zhou</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Qin" title="Template:Monarchs of Qin">Qin</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Han_emperors" title="Template:Han emperors">Han</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Three_Kingdoms_emperors" title="Template:Three Kingdoms emperors">3 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Template:Jin emperors (266–420)">Jìn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Sixteen_Kingdoms_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Sixteen Kingdoms rulers">16 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Southern dynasties emperors">S. Dynasties</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Northern dynasties emperors">N. Dynasties</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Sui_emperors" title="Template:Sui emperors">Sui</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Tang_emperors" title="Template:Tang emperors">Tang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_rulers" title="Template:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers">5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Liao_emperors" title="Template:Liao emperors">Liao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Song_emperors" title="Template:Song emperors">Song</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Western_Xia_emperors" title="Template:Western Xia emperors">W. Xia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Template:Jin emperors (1115–1234)">Jīn</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Yuan_emperors" title="Template:Yuan emperors">Yuan</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Ming_emperors" title="Template:Ming emperors">Ming</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Qing_emperors" title="Template:Qing emperors">Qing</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Presidents of the Republic of China">ROC</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Paramount_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Paramount leaders of the People's Republic of China">PRC</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&oldid=1228529484">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xingmi&oldid=1228529484</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:852_births" title="Category:852 births">852 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:905_deaths" title="Category:905 deaths">905 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:10th-century_Chinese_monarchs" title="Category:10th-century Chinese monarchs">10th-century Chinese monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Founding_monarchs" title="Category:Founding monarchs">Founding monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Hefei" title="Category:Politicians from Hefei">Politicians from Hefei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tang_dynasty_generals_from_Anhui" title="Category:Tang dynasty generals from Anhui">Tang dynasty generals from Anhui</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tang_dynasty_jiedushi_of_Ningguo_Circuit" title="Category:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Ningguo Circuit">Tang dynasty jiedushi of Ningguo Circuit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tang_dynasty_jiedushi_of_Huainan_Circuit" title="Category:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Huainan Circuit">Tang dynasty jiedushi of Huainan Circuit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tang_dynasty_nonimperial_princes" title="Category:Tang dynasty nonimperial princes">Tang dynasty nonimperial princes</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_traditional_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text">Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 June 2024, at 18:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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