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class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>January</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–February" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–February"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January–February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–February-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March–April" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March–April"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>March–April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March–April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May–June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May–June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>May–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May–June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>July–August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September–October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September–October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>September–October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September–October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November–December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>November–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1899</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 188 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-188" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">188 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1899 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1899 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1899 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1899 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1899 сон – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1899 сон" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۹۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۹۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AF" title="১৮৯৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮৯৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_n%C3%AE" title="1899 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1899 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1899 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1899 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899." title="1899. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1899." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1899 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1899 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9%DB%B9" title="۱۸۹۹ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۹۹" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%D1%88%D1%83" title="1899 шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1899 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899%E5%B9%B4" title="1899年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1899年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1899-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1899-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899%EB%85%84" title="1899년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1899년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF" title="१८९९ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८९९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899." title="1899. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1899." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১৮৯৯ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮৯৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1899-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1899-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%AF" title="೧೮೯೯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೯೯" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1899 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1899 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1899 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1899 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1899-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1899-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1899 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1899 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%D0%B8" title="1899 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1899 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899._gads" title="1899. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1899. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1899 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1899 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_m." title="1899 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1899 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF" title="१८९९ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८९९" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. १८९९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८९९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9%DB%B9" title="۱۸۹۹ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۹۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1899 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1899 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1899 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1899 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%89%E1%81%89" title="၁၈၉၉ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၉၉" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF" title="ई सं १८९९ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८९९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899%E5%B9%B4" title="1899年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1899年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1899 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1899 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୮୯୯ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୯୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF" title="१८९९ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८९९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1899" title="Joohr 1899 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1899" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1899 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1899 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF" title="१८९९ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८९९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899%D8%B9" title="1899ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1899ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A9%D9%A9" title="١٨٩٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨٩٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1899 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1899 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2442" title="พ.ศ. 2442 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2442" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1899" title="Соли 1899 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1899" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1899 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1899 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899%D8%A1" title="1899ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1899ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1899 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1899 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899_nienz" title="1899 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1899 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4" title="一八九九年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一八九九年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899%E5%B9%B4" title="1899年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1899年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899%E5%B9%B4" title="1899年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1899年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899%E5%B9%B4" title="1899年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1899年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899" title="1899 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1899" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7851#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the TV series, see <a href="/wiki/1899_(TV_series)" title="1899 (TV series)"><i>1899</i> (TV series)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1870s" title="1870s">1870s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880s" title="1880s">1880s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1890s" title="1890s">1890s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900s" title="1900s">1900s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910s" title="1910s">1910s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1896" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1896">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1897" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1897">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1898" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1898">1898</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1899" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1899">1899</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1900" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1900">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1901" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1901">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1902" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1902">1902</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1255975824">.mw-parser-output .events-by-month{margin:0.5em 0;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;background-color:var(--background-color-base,white);font-size:88%;text-align:center;color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418)}</style><div class="events-by-month" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="1899-label"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><span id="1899-label"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1899</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_1899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="January 1899 (page does not exist)">January</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=February_1899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="February 1899 (page does not exist)">February</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_1899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="March 1899 (page does not exist)">March</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=April_1899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="April 1899 (page does not exist)">April</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_1899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="May 1899 (page does not exist)">May</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="June 1899 (page does not exist)">June</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="July 1899 (page does not exist)">July</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_1899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August 1899 (page does not exist)">August</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=September_1899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="September 1899 (page does not exist)">September</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=October_1899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="October 1899 (page does not exist)">October</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=November_1899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="November 1899 (page does not exist)">November</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/December_1899" title="December 1899">December</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1899" title="Category:1899">1899 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Humanities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_animation" title="1899 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_archaeology" title="1899 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_architecture" title="1899 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_art" title="1899 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_film" title="1899 in film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_literature" title="1899 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_poetry" title="1899 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_music" title="1899 in music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Australia" title="1899 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Belgium" title="1899 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Brazil" title="1899 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="1899 in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Canada" title="1899 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_China" title="1899 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Denmark" title="1899 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_France" title="1899 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Germany" title="1899 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Italy" title="1899 in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_New_Zealand" title="1899 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Norway" title="1899 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_the_Philippines" title="1899 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Portugal" title="1899 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Russia" title="1899 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_South_Africa" title="1899 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Spain" title="1899 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Sweden" title="1899 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1899 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_the_United_States" title="1899 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_rail_transport" title="1899 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_science" title="1899 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_sports" title="1899 in sports">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1899" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1899">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 19th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1899_in_law" title="Category:1899 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1899_births" title="Category:1899 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1899_deaths" title="Category:1899 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1899_establishments" title="Category:1899 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1899_disestablishments" title="Category:1899 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1899_works" title="Category:1899 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1899 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1899<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCCXCIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2652</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1348<br />ԹՎ ՌՅԽԸ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6649</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>55–56</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1820–1821</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1306</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2849</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>62 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a> – 63 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2443</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1261</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7407–7408</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">戊戌</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a>)<br />4596 or 4389<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />己亥年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />4597 or 4390</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1615–1616</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3065</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1891–1892</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5659–5660</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1955–1956</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1820–1821</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4999–5000</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11899</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>899–900</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1277–1278</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1316–1317</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Meiji_(era)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji (era)">Meiji</a> 32<br />(明治３２年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1828–1829</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4232</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>13 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前13年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>431</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2441–2442</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳土狗年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a>)<br />2025 or 1644 or 872<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴土猪年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />2026 or 1645 or 873</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1899" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1899">1899</a></span>.</div></div> </div><p><b>1899</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCCXCIX</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Sunday" title="Common year starting on Sunday">common year starting on Sunday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Friday" title="Common year starting on Friday">common year starting on Friday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1899th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 899th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 99th year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 10th and last year of the <a href="/wiki/1890s" title="1890s">1890s</a> decade. As of the start of 1899, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cu-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Cu-map.png/160px-Cu-map.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Cu-map.png/240px-Cu-map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Cu-map.png/320px-Cu-map.png 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="323" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">free</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> <ul><li>Spanish rule ends in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, concluding 400 years of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> in the Americas.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> become administratively part of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – A fierce battle is fought between American troops and Filipino defenders at the town of <a href="/wiki/Pililla" title="Pililla">Pililla</a> on the island of Luzon.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> club <a href="/wiki/SK_Rapid_Wien" title="SK Rapid Wien">SK Rapid Wien</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – After a <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1897%E2%80%931898)" title="Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)">successful revolt</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> by the inhabitants of the island of <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, the area, which joins Greece, gets its first constitution.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Tau_Kappa_Epsilon" title="Tau Kappa Epsilon">Tau Kappa Epsilon</a> fraternity is founded, at <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Wesleyan_University" title="Illinois Wesleyan University">Illinois Wesleyan University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois" title="Bloomington, Illinois">Bloomington, Illinois</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Northern_Railway" title="Canadian Northern Railway">Canadian Northern Railway</a> is established.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/White_Star_Line" title="White Star Line">White Star Line</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_crossing" title="Transatlantic crossing">transatlantic</a> <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">ocean liner</a> <a href="/wiki/RMS_Oceanic_(1899)" title="RMS Oceanic (1899)">RMS <i>Oceanic</i></a> is launched from the <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> shipyards in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. At 17,272 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tons" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross register tons">gross register tons</a> and 704 ft (215 m), she is the largest ship afloat at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The British four-masted sailing ship <i>Andelana</i> <a href="/wiki/Capsize" class="mw-redirect" title="Capsize">capsizes</a> during a storm in <a href="/wiki/Commencement_Bay" title="Commencement Bay">Commencement Bay</a> off the coast of the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, with the loss of all 17 of her crew.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – The United States takes possession of <a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a> in the Pacific Ocean.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Anglo-Egyptian Sudan</a> is formed (it is disbanded in <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a> Motors opens for business in Germany.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Malolos_Constitution" title="Malolos Constitution">Malolos Constitution</a> is ratified by the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931899)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898–1899)">Revolutionary Government of the Philippines</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OpelLutzmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/OpelLutzmann.jpg/170px-OpelLutzmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/OpelLutzmann.jpg/255px-OpelLutzmann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/OpelLutzmann.jpg/340px-OpelLutzmann.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a>: <a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a> car.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – The leaders of six Australian colonies meet in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, to discuss the con<a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">federation of Australia</a> as a whole.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a> is sworn in as President of the <a href="/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic" title="First Philippine Republic">First Philippine Republic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Al-Sabah" title="Mubarak Al-Sabah">Mubarak Al-Sabah</a>, the emir of <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, signs the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Kuwaiti_Agreement_of_1899" title="Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement of 1899">Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement of 1899</a>, a secret treaty with the British Empire to accept <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a> status for the Middle Eastern sheikdom in return for British protection of Kuwaiti territory.</li> <li>The British <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross Expedition</a> crosses the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Circle" title="Antarctic Circle">Antarctic Circle</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_College_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine">Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine</a> is founded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – German inventor <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Karl Ferdinand Braun</a>, who will later share the 1909 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> with <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a>, receives a British patent for his wireless radio invention "Telegraphy without directly connected wire".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Camille_Jenatzy" title="Camille Jenatzy">Camille Jenatzy</a> of France becomes the first man to drive an automobile more than 80 kilometers per hour, when he reaches a speed of 80.35 kph in his CGA Dogcart racecar. Jenatzy's speed is more than 20% faster than the previous record.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/League_of_Peja" title="League of Peja">League of Peja</a>, organized by <a href="/wiki/Haxhi_Zeka" title="Haxhi Zeka">Haxhi Zeka</a> to lobby for a Kosovar Albanian state within the Ottoman Empire, attracts 450 delegates to its first convention, held at the city of <a href="/wiki/Peja" title="Peja">Peja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranavalona_III" title="Ranavalona III">Ranavalona III</a>, who had been the <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Madagascar">Queen of Madagascar</a> until being deposed on February 28, 1897, is sent into exile by English colonial authorities, along with the rest of the royal family.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Suntory" title="Suntory">Suntory</a> whisky distiller and worldwide <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">alcoholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soft_drink" title="Soft drink">soft drink</a> brand of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> is established by Shinjiro Torii in <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a> as a store selling imported wines.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – The participants in the Australian Premiers' Conference agree that Australia's capital (<a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>) should be located between Sydney and Melbourne.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a> begins as hostilities break out in Manila.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1899)" title="Battle of Manila (1899)">first major battle</a> of the Philippine–American War concludes with the capture by the U.S. of the <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_River_Bridge" title="San Juan River Bridge">San Juan River Bridge</a> that connects <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – A peace treaty between the United States and Spain is ratified by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> to end the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – U.S. Army troops, supported by bombardment from the warships <i>Charleston</i> and <i>Monadnock</i>, defeat Filipino forces in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caloocan" title="Battle of Caloocan">Battle of Caloocan</a> and get control of the Manila to Dagupan railway.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cipriano_Castro" title="Cipriano Castro">Cipriano Castro</a> starts the <a href="/wiki/Restorative_Liberal_Revolution" title="Restorative Liberal Revolution">Restorative Liberal Revolution</a> by leading 60 people from exile to cross the Colombia–Venezuela border to defeat <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Andrade" title="Ignacio Andrade">Ignacio Andrade</a>'s government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Russification_of_Finland" title="Russification of Finland">February Manifesto</a> is issued by the <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Emperor of Russia</a>, decreeing that a veto by the <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Finland" title="Diet of Finland">Diet of Finland</a> may be overruled in legislative matters concerning the interest of all Russia, including <a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Principality of Finland">autonomous Finland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Faure" title="Félix Faure">Félix Faure</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a> since 1895, dies of a stroke in his office while engaged in sexual activity with his mistress, <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Steinheil" title="Marguerite Steinheil">Marguerite Steinheil</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knattspyrnuf%C3%A9lag_Reykjav%C3%ADkur" title="Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur">Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> club in <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, is established in <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – The research vessel <a href="/wiki/SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)" title="SS Southern Cross (1886)">SS <i>Southern Cross</i></a>, on <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">an Antarctic expedition</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Carsten Borchgrevink</a>, arrives at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Adare" title="Cape Adare">Cape Adare</a> and begins unloading 90 sledge dogs – the first ever on the continent – and two Norwegian <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sámi people">Sámi</a> crewmen, who become the first humans to spend the night in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>. Over the next 12 days, the rest of the 31-man crew builds a temporary settlement.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – The National Assembly of France elects a new President to serve the remainder of the late President Faure's term. Senate president <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Émile Loubet</a> wins the vote against <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Jules_M%C3%A9line" title="Jules Méline">Jules Méline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – In Venezuela, the former Minister of War, Major General <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Venezuela)#Lists_of_Ministers_of_Defense" title="Ministry of Defense (Venezuela)">Ramón Guerra</a>, angry with the reforms of President <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Andrade" title="Ignacio Andrade">Ignacio Andrade</a>, proclaims the state of <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A1rico" title="Guárico">Guárico</a> as an independent territory. Andrade orders General Augusto Lutowsky to crush the rebellion. Guerra flees to Colombia but later comes back as Minister of War.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – Discussions among members of a joint Anglo-American commission, set up by U.S. President <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> and Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Wilfrid Laurier</a> to resolve the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_boundary_dispute" title="Alaska boundary dispute">Alaska boundary dispute</a>, end abruptly after it is clear that the U.S. will not make any concessions. In response, Laurier makes clear that there will be no further concessions with the U.S. in trade.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> <ul><li>The British freighter <a href="/wiki/Jumna_(ship)" title="Jumna (ship)">SS <i>Jumna</i></a> is last seen passing <a href="/wiki/Rathlin_Island" title="Rathlin Island">Rathlin Island</a> off Northern Ireland. Bound from <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> to deliver a shipment of coal to <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> with minimal crew, it never arrives and is never seen again.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_National_Military_Park" title="Vicksburg National Military Park">Vicksburg National Military Park</a> is established in Mississippi to preserve the battlefield of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vicksburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Vicksburg">Battle of Vicksburg</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – In an accident at Grove Hill, <a href="/wiki/Harrow,_London" title="Harrow, London">Harrow, London</a>, England, Edwin Sewell becomes the world's first driver of a petrol-driven vehicle to be killed; his passenger, Major James Richer, dies of injuries three days later.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – Japanese immigration to <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, primarily <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, begins as the ship <i>Sakura Maru</i> departs from <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a> with 790 men employed by the Morioka-shokai Sugar Company. The group arrives in <a href="/wiki/Callao" title="Callao">Callao</a> on April 3.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier_National_Park" title="Mount Rainier National Park">Mount Rainier National Park</a> is established in the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a> conducts radio beacon experiments on <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Plain" title="Salisbury Plain">Salisbury Plain</a> and notices that radio waves are being reflected back to the transmitter by objects they encounter, one of the early steps in the development of <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Mahina" title="Cyclone Mahina">Cyclone Mahina</a> strikes <a href="/wiki/Bathurst_Bay" title="Bathurst Bay">Bathurst Bay</a>, Queensland. A 12-meter-high wave reaches up to 5 km inland, leaving over 400 dead (one of the deadliest <a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_in_Australia" title="List of natural disasters in Australia">natural disasters in Australia's history</a>).</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aspirin-skeletal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aspirin-skeletal.svg/125px-Aspirin-skeletal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aspirin-skeletal.svg/188px-Aspirin-skeletal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aspirin-skeletal.svg/250px-Aspirin-skeletal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a>: Aspirin.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felix_Hoffmann" title="Felix Hoffmann">Felix Hoffmann</a> patents <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">Aspirin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a> registers its name as a trademark.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – The Frankfurter Fußball-Club Victoria von 1899 (predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Eintracht_Frankfurt" title="Eintracht Frankfurt">Eintracht Frankfurt</a>) is founded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Balantang" title="Battle of Balantang">Battle of Balantang</a>, the U.S. Army sustains 400 casualties in an attack by Philippine troops.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> <ul><li>The world's first wireless distress signal is sent by <a href="/wiki/Wireless_telegraphy" title="Wireless telegraphy">wireless telegraphy</a> (in Morse code) to the East Goodwin <a href="/wiki/Light_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Light vessel">light vessel</a> when German cargo-carrying barquentine <i>Elbe</i> runs aground in fog in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Jungner" title="Waldemar Jungner">Waldemar Jungner</a> files the patent application for the first <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_battery" title="Alkaline battery">alkaline battery</a> and receives a Swedish patent.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – After <a href="/wiki/Second_Samoan_Civil_War" title="Second Samoan Civil War">a civil war</a> breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> between <a href="/wiki/Malietoa_Tanumafili_I" title="Malietoa Tanumafili I">Malietoa Tanumafili I</a> (recognized by Germany, the U.K. and the U.S.) and rebels who recognize <a href="/wiki/Mata%27afa_Iosefo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mata'afa Iosefo">Mata'afa Iosefo</a> as the island's king, the <a href="/wiki/USS_Philadelphia_(C-4)" title="USS Philadelphia (C-4)">USS <i>Philadelphia</i></a> takes control of the capital at <a href="/wiki/Apia" title="Apia">Apia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – A fire kills 86 people at the <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Hotel_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Windsor Hotel (Manhattan)">Windsor Hotel</a> in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a>, the ninth-known moon of the planet <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> is discovered by U.S. astronomer <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Pickering" title="William Henry Pickering">William Pickering</a> from analysis of photographic plates made by a Peruvian observatory, the first discovery of a satellite photographically.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> <ul><li>One of the first labor unions for government employees is formed with the organization in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Municipal_Workers%27_Union" title="Danish Municipal Workers' Union">Copenhagen Municipal Workers' Union</a></li> <li>The Battle of <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a> takes place in the Philippines as the USS <i>Laguna de Bay</i> bombards the <a href="/wiki/Katipunan" title="Katipunan">Katipunan</a> stronghold.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – At <a href="/wiki/Sing_Sing" title="Sing Sing">Sing Sing</a> prison in <a href="/wiki/Ossining_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Ossining (town), New York">Ossining, New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha_M._Place" title="Martha M. Place">Martha M. Place</a> becomes the first woman to be executed in an <a href="/wiki/Electric_chair" title="Electric chair">electric chair</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Eden_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Eden Theatre">Eden Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/La_Ciotat" title="La Ciotat">La Ciotat</a>, a commune in France near <a href="/wiki/Marseilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseilles">Marseilles</a>, lays a claim to being the first <a href="/wiki/Movie_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Movie theatre">cinema</a> as brothers <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste Lumière">Auguste Lumière</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Louis Lumière">Louis Lumière</a> present their short film, <i>L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat</i> ("The Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Station") to 250 surprised spectators.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – The U.S. Ambassador to Argentina, acting as arbitrator of a boundary dispute between Argentina and Chile, awards the disputed territory to Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR499_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR499-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – In the first major action in the Malolos Campaign in the <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a>, 90 Filipino soldiers are killed in the <a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_the_Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#Significant_battles:_Malolos_campaign" title="Campaigns of the Philippine–American War">Battle of the Meycauayan bridge</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a> successfully transmits a radio signal across the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marilao_River" title="Battle of Marilao River">Battle of Marilao River</a>, Filipino forces under the personal command of Emilio Aguinaldo fail to prevent troops of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> crossing the river.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – The British steamer <i>Stella</i> sinks in the English Channel with the loss of 80 people after wrecking against <a href="/wiki/Les_Casquets" title="Les Casquets">Les Casquets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR499_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR499-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> <ul><li>The United Kingdom announces that it has completed the purchase of rights to occupy the Kingdom of Tonga.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR499_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR499-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malolos" title="Malolos">Malolos</a>, capital of the <a href="/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic" title="First Philippine Republic">First Philippine Republic</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Malolos" title="Capture of Malolos">captured by American forces</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Vailele" title="Second Battle of Vailele">Second Battle of Vailele</a> takes place in <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> as rebels loyal to King <a href="/wiki/Mata%27afa_Iosefo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mata'afa Iosefo">Mata'afa Iosefo</a> force the retreat of American and British troops loyal to <a href="/wiki/Malietoa_Tanumafili_I" title="Malietoa Tanumafili I">Prince Tanumafili</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – Cuba's General Assembly votes to disband the Cuban army and to dissolve to accept U.S. sovereignty.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR499_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR499-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – A team of sets out from Northern Rhodesia to explore the minerals of central Africa for the British company <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Concessions" title="Tanganyika Concessions">Tanganyika Concessions</a> (TCL). Discovering that the most valuable copper deposits are in the <a href="/wiki/Congo_Free_State" title="Congo Free State">Congo Free State</a>, TCL makes an unsuccessful attempt to purchase full rights from King Leopold of Belgium.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Shootout_at_Wilson_Ranch" title="Shootout at Wilson Ranch">Shootout at Wilson Ranch</a>, the last major gunfight of the <a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">Wild West</a> era in the U.S., takes place in <a href="/wiki/Tombstone,_Arizona" title="Tombstone, Arizona">Tombstone, Arizona</a>. Brothers William Halderman and Thomas Halderman, kill two lawmen. They will be hanged on November 16, 1900.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabalega_of_Bunyoro" title="Kabalega of Bunyoro">King Chwa II Kabalega</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bunyoro" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro</a> kingdom, a leader of the fight against British colonial occupation, is taken prisoner after being shot in a battle near <a href="/wiki/Hoima" title="Hoima">Hoima</a>. Kabalega is exiled to the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> and remains there until 1923.</li> <li>The Greek ship <i>Maria</i> sinks after a collision in the Mediterranean and 45 people drown.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR499_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR499-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santa_Cruz_(1899)" title="Battle of Santa Cruz (1899)">Battle of Santa Cruz</a> begins in the Philippines between U.S. Army troops and nationalists of the <a href="/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic" title="First Philippine Republic">First Philippine Republic</a>. After a two day battle, 93 Filipino fighters and one American soldier are dead.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pana_riot" title="Pana riot">Seven people are shot and killed</a> in a gun battle at the Springside Mine at <a href="/wiki/Pana,_Illinois" title="Pana, Illinois">Pana, Illinois</a>, between striking white union coal miners and African-Americans hired as strikebreakers.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR499_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR499-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – U.S. President William McKinley declares the Spanish-American War to be at an end as the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Treaty of Paris</a> between the U.S. and Spain goes into effect. <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> are ceded to the U.S. and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> becomes an American protectorate.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR499_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR499-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>'s President <a href="/wiki/Severo_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Severo Fernández">Severo Fernández</a> is overthrown in a <a href="/wiki/Coups_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_Bolivia#Federal_War" title="Coups d'état in Bolivia">military coup d'état</a> led by General <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Pando" title="José Manuel Pando">José Manuel Pando</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – The British freighter <i><a href="/wiki/City_of_York_(barque)" title="City of York (barque)">City of York</a></i> departs from <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> with a crew of 27 and a cargo of timber bound for <a href="/wiki/Fremantle" title="Fremantle">Fremantle</a>, but never reaches its destination, wrecking on the reefs at <a href="/wiki/Rottnest_Island" title="Rottnest Island">Rottnest Island</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> troops in <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War_(1899)" title="Six-Day War (1899)">attack</a> the <a href="/wiki/Kowloon_Walled_City" title="Kowloon Walled City">Walled City of Kowloon</a>, based on intelligence that Chinese Imperial Army troops have been stationed behind the walls to subvert Britain's <a href="/wiki/Convention_for_the_Extension_of_Hong_Kong_Territory" title="Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory">1898 lease</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – Britain formally claims possession of the "<a href="/wiki/New_Territories" title="New Territories">New Territories</a>" as an extension of its lease of Hong Kong to cover the area south of the <a href="/wiki/Sham_Chun_River" title="Sham Chun River">Sham Chun River</a> and 230 islands in <a href="/wiki/Kowloon_Bay" title="Kowloon Bay">Kowloon Bay</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1899_Southern_Rhodesian_Legislative_Council_election" title="1899 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election">first elections for the 10-member Legislative Council</a> of the British colony of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>), limited to European candidates and voters.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> adds the <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Laos" title="French protectorate of Laos">Kingdom of Laos</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a> since 1893, to the existing colony of <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catulle_Mend%C3%A8s" title="Catulle Mendès">Catulle Mendès</a>' controversial ballet <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Cygne_(ballet)" title="Le Cygne (ballet)">Le Cygne</a></i> premieres at the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Comique" title="Opéra-Comique">Opéra-Comique</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, but is considered by critics to be too sexually explicit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">nova</a> <a href="/wiki/V606_Aquilae" title="V606 Aquilae">V606 Aquilae</a> is first observed from Earth as seen within the <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="/wiki/Aquila_(constellation)" title="Aquila (constellation)">Aquila</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – In aid of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Niger_Company" title="Royal Niger Company">Royal Niger Company</a>, the British Army begins an invasion of <a href="/wiki/Esanland" title="Esanland">Esanland</a>, in Nigeria, to halt the resistance of the <a href="/wiki/Esan_people" title="Esan people">Esan</a> chiefs to European rule. After Benin's King Ologbosere is overcome, the British attack the kingdom at <a href="/wiki/Ekpoma" title="Ekpoma">Ekpoma</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – The steamship <i>General Whitney</i> sinks off the coast of <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine, Florida</a>. While everyone on board escapes in lifeboats, one of the boats capsizes, drowning the captain and 16 other crew.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – The Scottish ship <i><a href="/wiki/Loch_Sloy" title="Loch Sloy">Loch Sloy</a></i> is wrecked off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_Island" title="Kangaroo Island">Kangaroo Island</a>, drowning 32 people on board.</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:18990425_Timepiece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/18990425_Timepiece.jpg/120px-18990425_Timepiece.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/18990425_Timepiece.jpg/180px-18990425_Timepiece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/18990425_Timepiece.jpg/240px-18990425_Timepiece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A timepiece created in Victoria Hong Kong on 25 April 1899</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Jean Sibelius</a> conducts the world première of his <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Sibelius)" title="Symphony No. 1 (Sibelius)">Symphony No. 1</a> in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – The United Kingdom and the Russian Empire sign the Anglo-Russian Agreement formalizing their spheres of influence in China, essentially agreeing that Britain will not seek railway concessions north of the Great Wall of China, and Russia will avoid doing the same in the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze River</a> valley in southern China.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Camille_Jenatzy" title="Camille Jenatzy">Camille Jenatzy</a> of Belgium becomes the first person to drive faster than 100 kilometers per hour, powering his electric racecar at 105.88 kilometres per hour (65.79 mph) at a track at <a href="/wiki/Ach%C3%A8res,_Yvelines" title="Achères, Yvelines">Achères</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Kingdom of Siam</a> (modern-day Thailand) cedes its province of <a href="/wiki/Luang_Prabang" title="Luang Prabang">Luang Prabang</a> (now Laos) to France.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR6649_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR6649-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Ferencv%C3%A1rosi_TC" title="Ferencvárosi TC">Ferencvárosi TC</a> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> club is founded in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – German inventor John Matthias Stroh applies for the patent for his new invention, the "<a href="/wiki/Stroh_violin" title="Stroh violin">Stroh violin</a>". A British patent is granted on March 24, 1900.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – In the French West African colony of <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voulet%E2%80%93Chanoine_Mission" title="Voulet–Chanoine Mission">Paul Voulet</a> massacres the <a href="/wiki/Hausa_people" title="Hausa people">Hausa</a> inhabitants of the village of <a href="/wiki/Birni-N%27Konni" title="Birni-N'Konni">Birni-N'Konni</a> in retaliation for the continued resistance of <a href="/wiki/Sarraounia" title="Sarraounia">Queen Sarraounia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – Finnish farmworker <a href="/wiki/Karl_Emil_Malmelin" title="Karl Emil Malmelin">Karl Emil Malmelin</a> kills seven people with an axe at the Simola croft in the village of <a href="/wiki/Klaukkala" title="Klaukkala">Klaukkala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> <ul><li>A train wreck near <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading, Pennsylvania</a> kills 28 people and injures 50.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR6649_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR6649-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Esporte_Clube_Vit%C3%B3ria" title="Esporte Clube Vitória">Esporte Clube Vitória</a> football club is founded in <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador</a>, Brazil.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – The three time world champion <a href="/wiki/Club_Nacional_de_Football" title="Club Nacional de Football">Club Nacional de Football</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – British troops in the leased Chinese territory of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> take control of the city of <a href="/wiki/Kowloon" title="Kowloon">Kowloon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR6649_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR6649-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/First_Hague_Peace_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="First Hague Peace Conference">First Hague Peace Conference</a>, initiated by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II" title="Nicholas II">Nicholas II</a> of Russia, is opened in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> by Willem de Beaufort, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Netherlands" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands">Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a> is founded at a meeting at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jules_Massenet" title="Jules Massenet">Jules Massenet</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Cendrillon" title="Cendrillon">Cendrillon</a></i>, the first <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> based on the fairy tale of <a href="/wiki/Cinderella" title="Cinderella">Cinderella</a>, premieres in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Comique" title="Opéra-Comique">Opéra-Comique</a> in Paris.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rangers_F.C." title="Rangers F.C.">Rangers F.C.</a>, one of the most successful teams in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Football_League" title="Scottish Football League">Scottish Football League</a>, is incorporated.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Maurice Ravel</a> conducts the first public performance of his <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C3%A9h%C3%A9razade_(Ravel)" title="Shéhérazade (Ravel)">Shéhérazade, ouverture de féerie</a></i> in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Harriman_Alaska_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Harriman Alaska Expedition">Harriman Alaska Expedition</a> is launched.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein_Conference" title="Bloemfontein Conference">Bloemfontein Conference</a> commences between <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kruger" title="Paul Kruger">Paul Kruger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Milner,_1st_Viscount_Milner" title="Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner">Sir Alfred Milner</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a>, but ends in failure after six days.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR699_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR699-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – American outlaws Robert L. Parker (<a href="/wiki/Butch_Cassidy" title="Butch Cassidy">Butch Cassidy</a>) and Harry A. Longabaugh ("<a href="/wiki/The_Sundance_Kid" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sundance Kid">The Sundance Kid</a>") commit their first armed robbery as "<a href="/wiki/Butch_Cassidy%27s_Wild_Bunch" title="Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch">The Wild Bunch</a>", stopping a <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Pacific">Union Pacific</a> train near <a href="/wiki/Wilcox,_Wyoming" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilcox, Wyoming">Wilcox, Wyoming</a>, with accomplices <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Logan" title="Harvey Logan">Harvey Logan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elzy_Lay" title="Elzy Lay">Elzy Lay</a>, and steal more than $30,000 worth of cargo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a>: France's Court of Cassation orders a reopening of the 1894 conviction for treason of French Army Captain <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Dreyfus" title="Alfred Dreyfus">Alfred Dreyfus</a> after evidence of a wrongful conviction is made public, and directs that Dreyfus be returned to France after five years of imprisonment on <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Island" title="Devil's Island">Devil's Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR699_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR699-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The United States and Spain resume diplomatic relations, as U.S. President McKinley receives the <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Brunetti,_15th_Duke_of_Arcos" title="José Brunetti, 15th Duke of Arcos">Duke of Arcos</a> as the new Minister for Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR699_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR699-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – General <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Luna" title="Antonio Luna">Antonio Luna</a>, Commander of the Philippine Revolutionary Army, is assassinated along with his chief aide, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Paco_Rom%C3%A1n" title="Paco Román">Paco Román</a>, after being lured to <a href="/wiki/Cabanatuan" title="Cabanatuan">Cabanatuan</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – American boxer <a href="/wiki/James_J._Jeffries" title="James J. Jeffries">James J. Jeffries</a> wins the world heavyweight boxing championship when he knocks out <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornish</a>-born <a href="/wiki/Bob_Fitzsimmons" title="Bob Fitzsimmons">Bob Fitzsimmons</a> at <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Coney Island, New York">Coney Island</a> at Brooklyn, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-Carruth_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carruth-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – Under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Samoa_Tripartite_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoa Tripartite Convention">Samoa Tripartite Convention</a>, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States form a colonial government to administer a <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a> over the islands of <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>. The government lasts less than nine months, and Germany annexes the western part of Samoa on March 1, 1900, leaving the U.S. to control what is now <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> issues a declaration of the <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecration</a> of the entire human race to the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart of Jesus</a>. The consecration follows the issuance of his papal <a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">encyclical</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Annum_sacrum" title="Annum sacrum">Annum sacrum</a></i>, declaring <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a> to be a <a href="/wiki/Holy_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Year">Holy Year</a> and directing all Roman Catholic churches in the world to implement the <a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Consecration_to_the_Sacred_Heart" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart">Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart</a> during the period of June 9 to June 11, 1899.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1899_New_Richmond_tornado" title="1899 New Richmond tornado">New Richmond tornado</a> completely destroys the town of <a href="/wiki/New_Richmond,_Wisconsin" title="New Richmond, Wisconsin">New Richmond, Wisconsin</a>, killing 117 and injuring more than 200.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – The village of <a href="/wiki/Herman,_Nebraska" title="Herman, Nebraska">Herman, Nebraska</a>, with a population of 319, is destroyed by a tornado and 40 people are killed.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR699_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR699-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>'s Department of Foreign Affairs hosts a conference for delegates from Germany, Denmark, Norway, the UK, the Netherlands, Russia and Sweden to make agreements on fishing in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jardine_Cycle_%26_Carriage" title="Jardine Cycle & Carriage">Cycle & Carriage</a>, one of the largest companies in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, is founded.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Hilbert" title="David Hilbert">David Hilbert</a> creates the modern concept of <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a>, with the publication of his book <i>Grundlagen der Geometrie</i>, released at <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3n_Libre_de_Trabajadores" class="mw-redirect" title="Federación Libre de Trabajadores">Federación Libre de Trabajadores</a> is created in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico#Anarchists_vs._American_government" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">resistance movement against the United States</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Anglo-Egyptian Sudan</a> is created, to be a territory to be administered jointly by Egypt and the United Kingdom, through an Egyptian governor-general appointed with consent of the UK, although in practice it becomes administered as part of the British Empire.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Enigma_Variations" title="Enigma Variations">Enigma Variations</a></i> are premiered in London.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Treaty_8" title="Treaty 8">Treaty 8</a>", the most comprehensive of the eleven <a href="/wiki/Numbered_Treaties" title="Numbered Treaties">Numbered Treaties</a>, is signed between the British Crown on behalf of Canada, with various <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> groups of the <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a>, ceding 320,000 square miles (830,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of land in the northern parts of <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, as well as a portion of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, to the Canadian government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> cedes its last Pacific Ocean colonies, the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a> (now part of the <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands#Spanish_exploration_and_control" title="Mariana Islands">the Ladrone islands of Ladrone</a> (now part of the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR799_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR799-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a> sets into motion the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> after receiving an appeal from the British <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> in South Africa to help British subjects oppressed in the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">Transvaal Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Paperclip" class="mw-redirect" title="Paperclip">paperclip</a> is patented by <a href="/wiki/Johan_Vaaler" title="Johan Vaaler">Johan Vaaler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._E._J._Collins" title="A. E. J. Collins">A. E. J. Collins</a>, a 13-year-old schoolboy, makes the highest-ever recorded individual score in cricket, 628 <a href="/wiki/Not_out" title="Not out">not out</a>. His record will stand for 117 years.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, British authorities publicly hang King Ologbosere Irabor outside of the courthouse at <a href="/wiki/Benin_City" title="Benin City">Benin City</a>, after he was convicted of ordering the massacre of a party dispatched by the British consul.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – '<a href="/wiki/Mile-a-Minute_Murphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mile-a-Minute Murphy">Mile-a-Minute Murphy</a>' earns his nickname after he becomes the first man to ride a bicycle for one-mile (1.6 km) in under a minute, on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>. Murphy pedals his bike one mile in 57.8 seconds for an average speed of 62.28 miles per hour.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR799_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR799-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Nurses" title="International Council of Nurses">International Council of Nurses</a> is founded in London.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The German domestic appliance company <a href="/wiki/Miele" title="Miele">Miele</a> is founded.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – Swiss-born American boxer <a href="/wiki/Frank_Erne" title="Frank Erne">Frank Erne</a> wins the world lightweight championship by defeating champion <a href="/wiki/Kid_Lavigne" title="Kid Lavigne">George "Kid" Lavigne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – The most famous skeleton of a <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaur</a> ever found intact, a <a href="/wiki/Diplodicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplodicus">Diplodicus</a>, is discovered at the Sheep Creek Quarry near <a href="/wiki/Medicine_Bow,_Wyoming" title="Medicine Bow, Wyoming">Medicine Bow, Wyoming</a>. The expedition team, financed by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Carnegie Museum of Natural History">Carnegie Museum of Natural History</a> and led by William Harlow Reed, bestows the name "<a href="/wiki/Dippy" title="Dippy">Dippy</a>" on the <i>Diplodicus carnegii</i>. It becomes well known after Carnegie has plaster cast replicas made for donation to museums all over the world. <sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – The 1895 Trade and Navigation agreement between the Japanese and Russian empires goes into effect, with each country was given "a full freedom of ship and cargo entrance to all places, ports, and rivers on the other country's territory."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Lakes_Group" title="The Great Lakes Group">The Great Lakes Towing Company</a> is incorporated by <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_G._Mather" title="William G. Mather">William G. Mather</a> to acquire more than 150 <a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">tugboats</a> to control shipping in four of the North American <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> and quickly builds a monopoly on Great Lakes traffic.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Lorelei_Fountain" title="Lorelei Fountain">Lorelei Fountain</a> is unveiled in <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a> in New York City.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – British colonial authorities in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan give control of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> port of <a href="/wiki/Suakin" title="Suakin">Suakin</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, after having agreed that Egypt would have the right to administer commerce there.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Agnelli" title="Giovanni Agnelli">Giovanni Agnelli</a> and eight investors form the Italian automobile manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Automobiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat Automobiles">F.I.A.T.</a>, producers of the <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a> motor vehicles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – The British freight ship <i><a href="/wiki/City_of_York_(barque)" title="City of York (barque)">City of York</a></i> sinks after striking reefs at <a href="/wiki/Rottnest_Island" title="Rottnest Island">Rottnest Island</a>, due to a misunderstanding of signal flare fired from <a href="/wiki/Wadjemup_Lighthouse" title="Wadjemup Lighthouse">the island's lighthouse</a>. The ship, which was nearing the end of a voyage from <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fremantle,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fremantle, Western Australia">Fremantle, Western Australia</a>, evacuates its men in two lifeboats, but one of the boats overturns and 11 men, including the captain, drown.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – A tornado kills 13 people in the U.S. village of <a href="/wiki/Herman,_Nebraska" title="Herman, Nebraska">Herman, Nebraska</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Acre" title="Republic of Acre">Republic of Acre</a> is declared by former Spanish journalist <a href="/wiki/Luis_G%C3%A1lvez_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Arias" title="Luis Gálvez Rodríguez de Arias">Luis Gálvez Rodríguez de Arias</a> in the Amazon jungle in South America, and lasts for nine months.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEC_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NEC Corporation">NEC Corporation</a> is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Togbao" title="Battle of Togbao">Battle of Togbao</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, the French <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bretonnet" title="Henri Bretonnet">Bretonnet</a>–<a href="/wiki/Solomon_Braun" title="Solomon Braun">Braun</a> mission is destroyed by the warlord <a href="/wiki/Rabih_az-Zubayr" title="Rabih az-Zubayr">Rabih az-Zubayr</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_Treaty_of_Commerce_and_Navigation" title="Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation">Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation</a> takes effect, ending <a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritoriality</a> and the unequal status of Japan in foreign commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – The patent for the first <a href="/wiki/Sofa_bed" title="Sofa bed">sofa bed</a> is taken out by African-American inventor <a href="/wiki/Leonard_C._Bailey" title="Leonard C. Bailey">Leonard C. Bailey</a>. He receives a U.S. patent on June 2, 1900.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Park_Row_Building" title="Park Row Building">Park Row Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> is completed. It is the world's tallest building until <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – In the first trade treaty signed by the U.S. after the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Dingley_Act" title="Dingley Act">Dingley Act</a>, France and the United States sign an agreement for a 20% reduction of France's existing tariffs on 635 items, in return for the U.S. reduction between 5% and 20% of duty fees on 126 items.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of presidents of the Dominican Republic">President of the Dominican Republic</a>, dictator <a href="/wiki/Ulises_Heureaux" title="Ulises Heureaux">Ulises Heureaux</a>, is assassinated during a visit to the city of <a href="/wiki/Moca,_Dominican_Republic" title="Moca, Dominican Republic">Moca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR899_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR899-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – The first international Peace Conference ends, with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/First_Hague_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="First Hague Convention">First Hague Convention</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Harriman_Alaska_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Harriman Alaska Expedition">Harriman Alaska Expedition</a> ends.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York_Island_(Antarctica)" title="Duke of York Island (Antarctica)">Duke of York Island</a>, off <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, is discovered by the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross Expedition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Law_School_(Chicago)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Marshall Law School (Chicago)">John Marshall Law School</a> is founded in Chicago.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – Japan rescinds its policy of <a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritoriality</a> privileges to western nations that had operated <a href="/wiki/Consular_court" title="Consular court">consular courts</a> to try cases against western nationals under western law.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – Automotive mechanic <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a> incorporates the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Automobile_Company" title="Detroit Automobile Company">Detroit Automobile Company</a>. While the company failed, it establishes <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, as the site for U.S. car manufacturing and provided a model for the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – Near <a href="/wiki/Stratford,_Connecticut" title="Stratford, Connecticut">Stratford, Connecticut</a>, 36 people are killed when a trolley falls off of a trestle and lands upside down in a pond 40 feet below.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a>: The retrial of French Army Captain <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Dreyfus" title="Alfred Dreyfus">Alfred Dreyfus</a> before a court-martial opens.</li> <li>Governance of the island of <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, under the administration of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">United States Department of the Navy</a>, begins.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1899_San_Ciriaco_hurricane" title="1899 San Ciriaco hurricane">San Ciriaco hurricane</a> strikes <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and leaves 250,000 people homeless.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official death toll is later listed as 3,369 people.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshall Taylor">Marshall "Major" Taylor</a> wins the world 1-mile (1.6 km) professional cycling championship in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, securing his place as the first <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> world champion in any sport.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – South African Republic General <a href="/wiki/Jan_Smuts" title="Jan Smuts">Jan Smuts</a> makes a final initiative to avert the outbreak of what will become the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>, meeting in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> with the British charge d'affaires, <a href="/wiki/Conyngham_Greene" title="Conyngham Greene">Conyngham Greene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – The battle for the Philippine city of <a href="/wiki/Angeles_City" title="Angeles City">Angeles</a> begins. The U.S. captures the area, the future site of <a href="/wiki/Clark_Air_Base" title="Clark Air Base">Clark Air Force Base</a>, by August 16.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Gojong_of_Korea" title="Gojong of Korea">Gojong of Korea</a> issues the 9-article International Declaration declaring that, as "the great emperor of Korea", he has "infinite military authority" as well as absolute power to enact laws.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – Llest Colliery explosion at Pontyrhyl in the <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_coalfield" class="mw-redirect" title="South Wales coalfield">South Wales coalfield</a> of the U.K. kills 19 miners.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Kiram%E2%80%93Bates_Treaty" title="Kiram–Bates Treaty">Kiram–Bates Treaty</a> is signed in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, with U.S. forces recognizing the autonomy of local governments in the <a href="/wiki/Sulu_Archipelago" title="Sulu Archipelago">Sulu Archipelago</a> (within the <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> island group) in return for the Sultan's assistance in suppressing attacks on U.S. forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – The first ship-to-shore test of a wireless radio transmission is made from the U.S. lightship <i>LV 70</i>, with the sending of Morse code signals to a receiving station near San Francisco.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – At least 512 people are killed when a debris hill from the <a href="/wiki/Sumitomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumitomo">Sumitomo</a> <a href="/wiki/Besshi_copper_mine" title="Besshi copper mine">Besshi copper mine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Niihama" title="Niihama">Niihama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a>, Japan, collapses.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – After taking over the second-largest city in the Dominican Republic, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_los_Caballeros" title="Santiago de los Caballeros">Santiago de los Caballeros</a>, revolutionists proclaim <a href="/wiki/Horacio_V%C3%A1squez" title="Horacio Vásquez">Horacio Vásquez</a> as the nation's President in rebel-controlled territory. At the same time in the capital at <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>, president <a href="/wiki/Wenceslao_Figuereo" title="Wenceslao Figuereo">Wenceslao Figuereo</a> steps down after only five weeks in office.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Olympique_de_Marseille" title="Olympique de Marseille">Olympique de Marseille</a> association football club is founded in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – General <a href="/wiki/Horacio_Vasquez" class="mw-redirect" title="Horacio Vasquez">Horacio Vasquez</a>, leader of a revolution against the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>'s President Wenceslao Figuereo, arrives at the capital, Santo Domingo and forms a provisional government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a>: In the retrial of his court-martial, Alfred Dreyfus is again found guilty of treason and sentenced to serve the remaining 10 years of his prison sentence on Devils Island, notwithstanding that the real culprit has previously admitted to his actions.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR999_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR999-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Northern_Arizona_University" title="Northern Arizona University">Northern Arizona University</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff,_Arizona" title="Flagstaff, Arizona">Flagstaff</a>, as Northern Arizona Normal School.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halford_Mackinder" title="Halford Mackinder">Halford Mackinder</a>, Cesar Ollier and Josef Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian, the highest peak of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kenya" title="Mount Kenya">Mount Kenya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The French Army invades the Sultanate of Zinder in <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> and kills the ruler, Amadou Kouran Daga.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – General <a href="/wiki/Cipriano_Castro" title="Cipriano Castro">Cipriano Castro</a> defeats the Venezuelan Army at the battle of <a href="/wiki/Tocuyito" title="Tocuyito">Tocuyito</a> and prepares to march to Caracas to overthrow President <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Andrade" title="Ignacio Andrade">Ignacio Andrade</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – Preparing for an attack on Britain's <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> from the neighboring <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">Transvaal</a> Republic, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Baden-Powell,_1st_Baron_Baden-Powell" title="Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell">Robert Baden-Powell</a> arrives at the border town of <a href="/wiki/Mafeking" class="mw-redirect" title="Mafeking">Mafeking</a> and begins recruiting volunteers and stockpiling munitions to prepare for <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mafeking" title="Siege of Mafeking">an attack and siege</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Dreyfus" title="Alfred Dreyfus">Alfred Dreyfus</a> is pardoned in France by the Ministry of War.<sup id="cite_ref-AROR999_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR999-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He will be released from prison at <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> the following day<sup id="cite_ref-AROR999_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROR999-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but not fully exonerated until <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>.</li> <li>The patent for the first <a href="/wiki/Water_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Water meter">water meter</a> is granted to <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Ford" title="Edwin Ford">Edwin Ford</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> <ul><li>A special session of the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a>'s parliament meets at Bloemfontein to discuss war with the British Empire. At the same time, three British transports depart from Bombay with troops to the Cape Colony.<sup id="cite_ref-O99_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O99-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Dominion Line steamer <i>Scotsman</i> sinks in the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Belle_Isle" title="Strait of Belle Isle">Strait of Belle Isle</a>, killing 15 women and children.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – A Serbian court sentences 30 people convicted for conspiracy to attempt to assassinate the former <a href="/wiki/Milan_I_of_Serbia" title="Milan I of Serbia">King Milan</a>, with the two leaders being sentenced to death.<sup id="cite_ref-O99_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O99-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – General Manuel Guzman Alvarez of the <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> <a href="/wiki/Sucre_(state)" title="Sucre (state)">state of Sucre</a> joins with General <a href="/wiki/Cipriano_Castro" title="Cipriano Castro">Cipriano Castro</a> in a revolt against the Venezuelan government.<sup id="cite_ref-O99_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O99-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – Austrian auto designer <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Porsche" title="Ferdinand Porsche">Ferdinand Porsche</a> attracts worldwide attention when his first car, the <a href="/wiki/Porsche_P1" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche P1">Porsche P1</a>, wins the Berlin Road Race 18 minutes ahead of the second-place finisher.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars" title="Veterans of Foreign Wars">Veterans of Foreign Wars</a> (VFW) is founded in the U.S. by <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> veteran James C. Putnam as the American Veterans of Foreign Service.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1899_Ceram_earthquake" title="1899 Ceram earthquake">1899 Ceram earthquake</a> kills 3,864 people on <a href="/wiki/Seram_Island" title="Seram Island">Seram Island</a>, through a tsunami after a 7.8 magnitude earthquake. The villages of Paulohy-Samasuru and Mani, with a combined population of 2,400 people, are swept away by a 29 foot (8.8 m) wave.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – Possession of the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a> is formally transferred from Spain to Germany, which purchased the archipelago (with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>) from Spain for 837,500 German gold marks and become part of <a href="/wiki/German_New_Guinea" title="German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – The boundary dispute between <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a> is resolved by a binding award from the International Tribunal of Arbitration of five neutral jurists agreed upon by the United Kingdom and the United Venezuelan States.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> telegraphs a three-day ultimatum to the U.K., demanding an arbitration of issues and a pullback of troops from the borders between the Republic and the adjoining Cape Colony, Natal and Bechuanaland by October 11.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/French_Sudan" title="French Sudan">French Sudan</a> is divided into two smaller administrative units, Middle Niger (which later becomes the nations of Niger and Gambia) and Upper Senegal (which becomes the nations of Senegal and Mali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – In South Africa, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> between the United Kingdom and the <a href="/wiki/Boer" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer">Boers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">Transvaal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a> begins as the Boers invade the British <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">colony of Natal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> extends into the British <a href="/wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate" title="Bechuanaland Protectorate">Bechuanaland Protectorate</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>) as the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mafeking" title="Siege of Mafeking">siege of Mafeking</a> begins.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – The Boer invasion of the Cape Colony begins with the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kimberley" title="Siege of Kimberley">siege</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kimberley,_Northern_Cape" title="Kimberley, Northern Cape">Kimberley</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – French Army officer <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_B%C3%A9hagle" title="Ferdinand de Béhagle">Ferdinand de Béhagle</a> is put to death by Sudanese warlord <a href="/wiki/Rabih_az-Zubayr" title="Rabih az-Zubayr">Rabih az-Zubayr</a>, prompting a French expedition to be led against Rabih.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Days%27_War" title="Thousand Days' War">Thousand Days' War</a> begins in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> as <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Liberal_Party" title="Colombian Liberal Party">Colombian Liberal Party</a> soldiers led by General <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Uribe_Uribe" title="Rafael Uribe Uribe">Rafael Uribe Uribe</a>, with support from Venezuela, begin a fight against the government of National Party president <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Antonio_Sanclemente" title="Manuel Antonio Sanclemente">Manuel Antonio Sanclemente</a>. The war will continue for 1,130 days.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> begins in China as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Senluo_Temple" title="Battle of Senluo Temple">Battle of Senluo Temple</a> is fought between more than 4,000 Imperial Chinese Army troops and at least 1,000 rebels from the <a href="/wiki/Boxers_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxers (group)">Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Goddard" title="Robert H. Goddard">Robert H. Goddard</a> receives his inspiration to develop the first rocket capable of reaching outer space, after viewing his yard from high in a tree and imagining "how wonderful it would be to make some device which had even the possibility of ascending to Mars, and how it would look on a small scale, if sent up from the meadow at my feet."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Boer troops commanded by <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hermanus_Michiel_Kock" title="Johannes Hermanus Michiel Kock">Johannes Kock</a> capture the railway station in <a href="/wiki/Elandslaagte" title="Elandslaagte">Elandslaagte</a> and cut the telegraph line between the British Army headquarters at Ladysmith and its station at <a href="/wiki/Dundee,_KwaZulu-Natal" title="Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal">Dundee</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – In the first major clash of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talana_Hill" title="Battle of Talana Hill">Battle of Talana Hill</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> drives the Boers from a hilltop position, but with heavy casualties, including their commanding general Sir <a href="/wiki/Penn_Symons" title="Penn Symons">Penn Symons</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elandslaagte" title="Battle of Elandslaagte">Battle of Elandslaagte</a> is fought in Natal, as the British Army recaptures the railway station from Boers, then proceeds toward the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Ladysmith,_KwaZulu-Natal" title="Ladysmith, KwaZulu-Natal">Ladysmith</a>. South African General <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hermanus_Michiel_Kock" title="Johannes Hermanus Michiel Kock">Jan Kock</a> is fatally wounded in the battle and dies 10 days later.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORN99_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORN99-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> <ul><li>The sinking of the ship <i>Cisneros</i> by the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Navy" title="Colombian Navy">Colombian Navy</a> warship <i>Hércules</i> drowns more than 200 Liberal rebels during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magdalena_River" title="Battle of Magdalena River">Battle of Magdalena River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>President Steyn of the South African Republic proclaims the annexation of the northern portion of the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> above the Vaal River.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORN99_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORN99-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indirect_fire" title="Indirect fire">Indirect fire</a> is used for the first time in battle.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British gunners in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> fire a cannon on a high trajectory toward the Boer Army, with the objective of having the shell come down on the enemy.</li> <li>The foundering of the British steamer <i>Zurich</i> off of the coast of Norway kills 16 of the 17 crew aboard, with only the captain surviving.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORN99_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORN99-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kouno" title="Battle of Kouno">Battle of Kouno</a> ends after two days in <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, as French Army Captain <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Gentil" title="Émile Gentil">Émile Gentil</a> leads a force of 344 troops against a much larger force of Sudanese Arabs, led by the warlord <a href="/wiki/Rabih_az-Zubayr" title="Rabih az-Zubayr">Rabih az-Zubayr</a>. Gentil routs the Sudanese.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ladysmith" title="Battle of Ladysmith">Battle of Ladysmith</a> begins as British troops at the Ladysmith fort attempt to make a preemptive strike against a larger force of South African Republic and Orange Free State troops that is gradually surrounding the fort. After sustaining 400 casualties and having 800 men captured, the British retreat back to the fort where <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ladysmith" title="Siege of Ladysmith">a 118-day siege</a> begins on November 2.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ladysmith" title="Siege of Ladysmith">siege of Ladysmith</a> begins as armies of the two Boer republics cut telegraph lines connecting Ladysmith to the British colony, and try over the next 118 days to starve out the British force.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORN99_71-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORN99-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British defenders will hold the fort without surrendering, until the <a href="/wiki/Relief_of_Ladysmith" title="Relief of Ladysmith">siege is broken on February 28, 1900</a> by a force led by <a href="/wiki/Redvers_Buller" title="Redvers Buller">Redvers Buller</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Sigma_Tau" title="Alpha Sigma Tau">Alpha Sigma Tau</a> sorority is founded in <a href="/wiki/Ypsilanti,_Michigan" title="Ypsilanti, Michigan">Ypsilanti, Michigan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> <ul><li>The U.S. Army wins the battle to capture the Philippine Republic's capital at <a href="/wiki/Angeles_City" title="Angeles City">Angeles City</a>, after nearly three months of fighting. It also captures the Philippine stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Magalang" title="Magalang">Magalang</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Belgian Antarctic Expedition">Belgian Antarctic Expedition</a> is concluded.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – The Boers begin the shelling of the British settlement at <a href="/wiki/Mafeking" class="mw-redirect" title="Mafeking">Mafeking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORN99_71-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORN99-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> <ul><li>Representatives of the U.S., the UK and Germany sign a treaty for arbitration of Samoa's claims for damages, with King Oscar of Sweden and Norway agreeing to become the neutral arbitrator.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORN99_71-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORN99-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lionel_Cohen" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua Lionel Cohen">Joshua Lionel Cohen</a> is awarded a U.S. patent for the <a href="/wiki/Flash-lamp" title="Flash-lamp">flash-lamp</a>.</li> <li>(October 26 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">Old Style</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Vanya" title="Uncle Vanya">Uncle Vanya</a></i> receives its Russian metropolitan première at the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Art_Theatre" title="Moscow Art Theatre">Moscow Art Theatre</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uncle_Vanya_MAT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Uncle_Vanya_MAT.jpg/350px-Uncle_Vanya_MAT.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Uncle_Vanya_MAT.jpg/525px-Uncle_Vanya_MAT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Uncle_Vanya_MAT.jpg/700px-Uncle_Vanya_MAT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1087" data-file-height="756" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Art_Theatre" title="Moscow Art Theatre">Moscow Art Theatre</a> production of <i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Vanya" title="Uncle Vanya">Uncle Vanya</a></i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Bronx_Zoo" title="Bronx Zoo">Bronx Zoological Park</a> opens in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – The Boer attack on Ladysmith is repulsed by British artillery, with the Boers sustaining 800 killed and wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORN99_71-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORN99-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Jacinto_(1899)" title="Battle of San Jacinto (1899)">Battle of San Jacinto</a> is fought in the Philippines. The battle demonstrates the limitations to the heavy, wheel-mounted <a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Gatling gun</a>, in uneven territory.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – The city of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Cabello" title="Puerto Cabello">Puerto Cabello</a> in <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> surrenders to General Cipriano Castro after heavy fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORN99_71-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORN99-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Days%27_War" title="Thousand Days' War">Thousand Days' War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bucaramanga_(1899)" title="Battle of Bucaramanga (1899)">Battle of Bucaramanga</a> ends with a victory of conservative forces over Liberal Party rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – The first aerial crossing of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> is made by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Capazza" title="Louis Capazza">Louis Capazza</a> and Alphonse Fondère in Capazza's balloon.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/American_Line" title="American Line">American Line</a>'s <a href="/wiki/SS_Saint_Paul_(1895)" title="SS Saint Paul (1895)">SS <i>St. Paul</i></a> becomes the first <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">ocean liner</a> to report her imminent arrival by <a href="/wiki/Wireless_telegraphy" title="Wireless telegraphy">wireless telegraphy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Umm_Diwaykarat" title="Battle of Umm Diwaykarat">Battle of Umm Diwaykarat</a>, a decisive British and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> victory, ends the <a href="/wiki/Mahdist_War" title="Mahdist War">Mahdist War</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, as the Khalifa of Sudan, <a href="/wiki/Abdallahi_ibn_Muhammad" title="Abdallahi ibn Muhammad">Abdallahi ibn Muhammad</a>, is killed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> <ul><li>The British Army sustains heavy losses in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Modder_River" title="Battle of Modder River">Battle of Modder River</a>, despite routing the Boers.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORD99_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORD99-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Philippine Republic capital at <a href="/wiki/Bayambang" title="Bayambang">Bayambang</a> surrenders as the government flees the Fourth Cavalry of the U.S. Army.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/FC_Barcelona" title="FC Barcelona">FC Barcelona</a> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> club is founded.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – The first women to serve, in uniform, in the armed forces of any nation begins service as part of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Militia</a> Expeditionary Force to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> to serve in the <a href="/wiki/Boer_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer War">Boer War</a>. <a href="/wiki/Georgina_Pope" title="Georgina Pope">Georgina Fane Pope</a> and three other women are enlisted as army nurses. <sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/December_1899" title="December 1899">December 1899</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tirad_Pass" title="Battle of Tirad Pass">Battle of Tirad Pass</a> ("The Filipino Thermopylae"): General <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar" title="Gregorio del Pilar">Gregorio del Pilar</a> and his troops are able to guard the retreat of Philippine President <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a>, before being wiped out.</li> <li>During the <a href="/wiki/New_moon" title="New moon">new moon</a>, a near-grand <a href="/wiki/Conjunction_(astronomy)" title="Conjunction (astronomy)">conjunction</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Classical_planet" title="Classical planet">classical planets</a> and several <a href="/wiki/Binoculars" title="Binoculars">binocular</a> <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> bodies occur. The Sun, Moon, <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> are all within 15° of each other, with <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> 5° ahead of this conjunction and <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> 15° behind.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – An explosion kills 32 coal miners at the Carbon Hill mines in <a href="/wiki/Carbonado,_Washington" title="Carbonado, Washington">Carbonado, Washington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORD99_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORD99-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> <ul><li>Four-month-old <a href="/wiki/Sobhuza_II" title="Sobhuza II">Sobhuza II</a> begins his 82-year reign as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Swaziland">King of Swaziland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stormberg" title="Battle of Stormberg">Battle of Stormberg</a>: The British Army makes a disastrous attempt to surprise the Boer position in Natal and suffers 687 losses.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORD99_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORD99-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The college fraternity <a href="/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Phi" title="Delta Sigma Phi">Delta Sigma Phi</a> is founded at the <a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magersfontein" title="Battle of Magersfontein">Battle of Magersfontein</a> – Boers defeat British forces trying to relieve the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kimberley" title="Siege of Kimberley">Siege of Kimberley</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – General French routs Boer troops that had been advancing into the Cape Colony toward <a href="/wiki/Noupoort" title="Noupoort">Noupoort</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORD99_76-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORD99-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Colenso" title="Battle of Colenso">Battle of Colenso</a>: Britain's General Buller loses 1,097 officers and men in Natal, the third serious British reverse in South Africa in this "<a href="/wiki/Black_Week" title="Black Week">Black Week</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-ARORD99_76-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORD99-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_School_of_Art" title="Glasgow School of Art">Glasgow School of Art</a>, the most notable work of Scottish architect <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh" title="Charles Rennie Mackintosh">Charles Rennie Mackintosh</a>, opens.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> club <a href="/wiki/A.C._Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="A.C. Milan">A.C. Milan</a> is founded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – The British War Office sends <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">Lord Roberts</a> to South Africa to become the commander of British forces, with <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Lord Kitchener</a> to be second in command, with 100,000 additional men.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORD99_76-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORD99-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> <ul><li>More than 40 schoolchildren from <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> drown in the capsizing of a boat near the French town of <a href="/wiki/Frelinghien" title="Frelinghien">Frelinghien</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORJ00_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORJ00-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A fire kills 16 children in <a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Illinois" title="Quincy, Illinois">Quincy, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORJ00_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORJ00-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – 40 coal miners are killed in an explosion near <a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Pennsylvania" title="Brownsville, Pennsylvania">Brownsville, Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORJ00_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORJ00-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – The wreck of the British steamship <i>Ariosto</i> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Hatteras,_North_Carolina" title="Hatteras, North Carolina">Hatteras, North Carolina</a> drowns 21 of the crew.<sup id="cite_ref-ARORJ00_80-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARORJ00-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riro_K%C4%81inga" title="Riro Kāinga">Riro</a>, last of the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Easter Island">Kings of Easter Island</a>, on a visit to <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, dies either from alcohol poisoning, or an assassination plot by the Chilean government.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxo_(food)" title="Oxo (food)">Oxo</a> <a href="/wiki/Bouillon_cube" title="Bouillon cube">beef stock cubes</a> are introduced, by <a href="/wiki/Liebig%27s_Extract_of_Meat_Company" title="Liebig's Extract of Meat Company">Liebig's Extract of Meat Company</a>.</li> <li>Giros-Loucheur Group, predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Vinci_SA" title="Vinci SA">Vinci</a>, a worldwide <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a> industry, founded in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timken_Roller_Bearing_Company" title="Timken Roller Bearing Company">Timken Roller Bearing Company</a>, predecessor of worldwide parts brand <a href="/wiki/Timken_Company" title="Timken Company">Timken</a>, is founded in <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1899%E2%80%931923_cholera_pandemic" title="1899–1923 cholera pandemic">1899–1923 cholera pandemic</a> begins, spreading to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Births" style="margin: auto; text-align: center; display: inline-block;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Births </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#January_1">January</a> · <a href="#February_1">February</a> · <a href="#March_1">March</a> · <a href="#April_1">April</a> · <a href="#May_1">May</a> · <a href="#June_1">June</a> · <a href="#July_1">July</a> · <a href="#August_1">August</a> · <a href="#September_1">September</a> · <a href="#October_1">October</a> · <a href="#November_1">November</a> · <a href="#December_1">December</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_2">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%A1ger_Antal-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/P%C3%A1ger_Antal-1.jpg/100px-P%C3%A1ger_Antal-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/P%C3%A1ger_Antal-1.jpg/150px-P%C3%A1ger_Antal-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/P%C3%A1ger_Antal-1.jpg/200px-P%C3%A1ger_Antal-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antal_P%C3%A1ger_(actor)" title="Antal Páger (actor)">Antal Páger</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Max_Theiler_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Max_Theiler_nobel.jpg/100px-Max_Theiler_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Max_Theiler_nobel.jpg/150px-Max_Theiler_nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Max_Theiler_nobel.jpg/200px-Max_Theiler_nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Max Theiler</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jack_Beresford" title="Jack Beresford">Jack Beresford</a>, British Olympic rower (d. <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Nordhoff" title="Heinrich Nordhoff">Heinrich Nordhoff</a>, German automotive engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Poulenc" title="Francis Poulenc">Francis Poulenc</a>, French composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/S._W._R._D._Bandaranaike" title="S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike">S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike</a>, 4th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">Prime Minister of Sri Lanka</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eva_Le_Gallienne" title="Eva Le Gallienne">Eva Le Gallienne</a>, English actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Paul Hermann Müller</a>, Swiss chemist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo" title="Carlos P. Romulo">Carlos P. Romulo</a>, Filipino diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Goodman_Ace" title="Goodman Ace">Goodman Ace</a>, American actor, comedian and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone">Al Capone</a>, American gangster (d. <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevil_Shute" title="Nevil Shute">Nevil Shute</a>, English-born novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Bodkin_Adams" title="John Bodkin Adams">John Bodkin Adams</a>, British physician acquitted of murder (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tom_Denning,_Baron_Denning" title="Tom Denning, Baron Denning">Tom Denning, Baron Denning</a>, English lawyer, judge and <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Rolls" title="Master of the Rolls">Master of the Rolls</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri_Spaak" title="Paul-Henri Spaak">Paul-Henri Spaak</a>, 31st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Prime Minister of Belgium</a> and 2nd <a href="/wiki/Secretary_general_of_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary general of NATO">secretary general of NATO</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Guttmann" title="Béla Guttmann">Béla Guttmann</a>, Hungarian-born Association football coach (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antal_P%C3%A1ger_(actor)" title="Antal Páger (actor)">Antal Páger</a>, Hungarian actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Max Theiler</a>, South African virologist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_2">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9_Filho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Caf%C3%A9_Filho.jpg/100px-Caf%C3%A9_Filho.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Caf%C3%A9_Filho.jpg/150px-Caf%C3%A9_Filho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Caf%C3%A9_Filho.jpg/200px-Caf%C3%A9_Filho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1621" data-file-height="2209" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Filho" title="Café Filho">Café Filho</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ram%C3%B3n_Novarro,_circa_1934_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ram%C3%B3n_Novarro%2C_circa_1934_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Ram%C3%B3n_Novarro%2C_circa_1934_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ram%C3%B3n_Novarro%2C_circa_1934_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Ram%C3%B3n_Novarro%2C_circa_1934_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ram%C3%B3n_Novarro%2C_circa_1934_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Ram%C3%B3n_Novarro%2C_circa_1934_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="947" data-file-height="1441" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Novarro" title="Ramon Novarro">Ramon Novarro</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Filho" title="Café Filho">Café Filho</a>, 18th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of Brazil</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_She" title="Lao She">Lao She</a>, Chinese author (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Speed" title="Doris Speed">Doris Speed</a>, British actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Trotter" title="Mildred Trotter">Mildred Trotter</a>, American forensic anthropologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Novarro" title="Ramon Novarro">Ramon Novarro</a>, Mexican-born American actor (k. <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cevdet_Sunay" title="Cevdet Sunay">Cevdet Sunay</a>, 5th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President of Turkey</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Auric" title="Georges Auric">Georges Auric</a>, French composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Disney" title="Lillian Disney">Lillian Disney</a>, American artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_Sondergaard" title="Gale Sondergaard">Gale Sondergaard</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jibanananda_Das" title="Jibanananda Das">Jibanananda Das</a>, Indian poet, writer, novelist and essayist in <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bryant" title="Arthur Bryant">Sir Arthur Bryant</a>, British historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Le_Brix" title="Joseph Le Brix">Joseph Le Brix</a>, French aviator, naval officer (d. <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Clunies_Ross" title="Ian Clunies Ross">Ian Clunies Ross</a>, Australian scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erich_K%C3%A4stner" title="Erich Kästner">Erich Kästner</a>, German writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gromov_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Gromov (military)">Mikhail Gromov</a>, Soviet aviator (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alec_Campbell" title="Alec Campbell">Alec Campbell</a>, Australian WWI soldier, last Australian Gallipoli veteran (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Best_(medical_scientist)" title="Charles Best (medical scientist)">Charles Best</a>, Canadian medical scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_2">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederik_IX_(cropped)_-_Det_Kongelige_Bibliotek_(KE062449).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Frederik_IX_%28cropped%29_-_Det_Kongelige_Bibliotek_%28KE062449%29.jpg/100px-Frederik_IX_%28cropped%29_-_Det_Kongelige_Bibliotek_%28KE062449%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Frederik_IX_%28cropped%29_-_Det_Kongelige_Bibliotek_%28KE062449%29.jpg/150px-Frederik_IX_%28cropped%29_-_Det_Kongelige_Bibliotek_%28KE062449%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Frederik_IX_%28cropped%29_-_Det_Kongelige_Bibliotek_%28KE062449%29.jpg/200px-Frederik_IX_%28cropped%29_-_Det_Kongelige_Bibliotek_%28KE062449%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3507" data-file-height="5022" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frederik_IX_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederik IX of Denmark">Frederik IX of Denmark</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gloria_Swanson_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gloria_Swanson_1941.jpg/100px-Gloria_Swanson_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gloria_Swanson_1941.jpg/150px-Gloria_Swanson_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gloria_Swanson_1941.jpg/200px-Gloria_Swanson_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson">Gloria Swanson</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lavrenti-Beria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Lavrenti-Beria.jpg/100px-Lavrenti-Beria.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Lavrenti-Beria.jpg/150px-Lavrenti-Beria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Lavrenti-Beria.jpg/200px-Lavrenti-Beria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="303" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Lavrentiy Beria</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Linklater" title="Eric Linklater">Eric Linklater</a>, British author (d. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Keith" title="Elmer Keith">Elmer Keith</a>, American rancher, author, and firearms enthusiast (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Frederik_IX_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederik IX of Denmark">Frederik IX of Denmark</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">John Hasbrouck Van Vleck</a>, American physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Pipinelis" title="Panagiotis Pipinelis">Panagiotis Pipinelis</a>, Prime Minister of Greece (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_C._Stratton" title="Dorothy C. Stratton">Dorothy C. Stratton</a>, American director of the <a href="/wiki/SPARS" title="SPARS">SPARS</a> during World War II (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Burt_Munro" title="Burt Munro">Burt Munro</a>, New Zealand motorcycle racer (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson">Gloria Swanson</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gussie_Busch" title="Gussie Busch">Gussie Busch</a>, American founder of the Anheuser-Busch Brewery Company (d. <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_B._Lee" title="Harold B. Lee">Harold B. Lee</a>, 11th president of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Lavrentiy Beria</a>, Soviet official (d. <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_2">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duke_Ellington_-_publicity.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Duke_Ellington_-_publicity.JPG/100px-Duke_Ellington_-_publicity.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Duke_Ellington_-_publicity.JPG/150px-Duke_Ellington_-_publicity.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Duke_Ellington_-_publicity.JPG/200px-Duke_Ellington_-_publicity.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1049" data-file-height="1279" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Casadesus" title="Robert Casadesus">Robert Casadesus</a>, French pianist (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Jeschonnek" title="Hans Jeschonnek">Hans Jeschonnek</a>, German general (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Percy_Lavon_Julian" title="Percy Lavon Julian">Percy Lavon Julian</a>, American scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Osman_Achmatowicz" title="Osman Achmatowicz">Osman Achmatowicz</a>, Polish chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_O%27Brien_(actor)" title="George O'Brien (actor)">George O'Brien</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Arnett_McLeod" title="Alan Arnett McLeod">Alan Arnett McLeod</a>, Canadian soldier, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> recipient (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a>, Russian-born American writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Bertil Ohlin</a>, Swedish economist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Zariski" title="Oscar Zariski">Oscar Zariski</a>, Russian mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walter_Lantz" title="Walter Lantz">Walter Lantz</a>, American animator, creator of <a href="/wiki/Woody_Woodpecker" title="Woody Woodpecker">Woody Woodpecker</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a>, African-American jazz musician, bandleader (d. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_2">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astaire,_Fred_-_Never_Get_Rich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Astaire%2C_Fred_-_Never_Get_Rich.jpg/100px-Astaire%2C_Fred_-_Never_Get_Rich.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Astaire%2C_Fred_-_Never_Get_Rich.jpg/150px-Astaire%2C_Fred_-_Never_Get_Rich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Astaire%2C_Fred_-_Never_Get_Rich.jpg/200px-Astaire%2C_Fred_-_Never_Get_Rich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suzanne_Lenglen_1922_(instant)_(cropped)_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Suzanne_Lenglen_1922_%28instant%29_%28cropped%29_3.jpg/100px-Suzanne_Lenglen_1922_%28instant%29_%28cropped%29_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Suzanne_Lenglen_1922_%28instant%29_%28cropped%29_3.jpg/150px-Suzanne_Lenglen_1922_%28instant%29_%28cropped%29_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Suzanne_Lenglen_1922_%28instant%29_%28cropped%29_3.jpg/200px-Suzanne_Lenglen_1922_%28instant%29_%28cropped%29_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Lenglen" title="Suzanne Lenglen">Suzanne Lenglen</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aline_MacMahon" title="Aline MacMahon">Aline MacMahon</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich Hayek</a>, Austrian economist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Economics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a>, American singer, dancer and actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi">Indra Devi</a>, Baltic-born yogi and actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">John Marshall Harlan II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Lenglen" title="Suzanne Lenglen">Suzanne Lenglen</a>, French tennis player (d. <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladeshi</a> national poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Irving_Thalberg" title="Irving Thalberg">Irving Thalberg</a>, American film producer (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_2">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lotte_Reiniger" title="Lotte Reiniger">Lotte Reiniger</a>, German-born silhouette animator (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Georg von Békésy</a>, Hungarian biophysicist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Poll" title="Ruth Poll">Ruth Poll</a>, American lyricist and music publisher (d. <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a>, Japanese writer, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a>, German-born American biochemist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Carlos Chávez">Carlos Chávez</a>, Mexican composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Helen_Traubel" title="Helen Traubel">Helen Traubel</a>, American soprano (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Marshall_(writer)" title="Bruce Marshall (writer)">Bruce Marshall</a>, Scottish writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Tracy" title="Arthur Tracy">Arthur Tracy</a>, American singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia">Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Trippe" title="Juan Trippe">Juan Trippe</a>, American airline pioneer, entrepreneur (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Madge_Bellamy" title="Madge Bellamy">Madge Bellamy</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_2">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Cukor_-_1946.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/George_Cukor_-_1946.jpg/100px-George_Cukor_-_1946.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/George_Cukor_-_1946.jpg/150px-George_Cukor_-_1946.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/George_Cukor_-_1946.jpg/200px-George_Cukor_-_1946.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="1565" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_cagney_promo_photo_(cropped,_centered).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/James_cagney_promo_photo_%28cropped%2C_centered%29.jpg/100px-James_cagney_promo_photo_%28cropped%2C_centered%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/James_cagney_promo_photo_%28cropped%2C_centered%29.jpg/150px-James_cagney_promo_photo_%28cropped%2C_centered%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/James_cagney_promo_photo_%28cropped%2C_centered%29.jpg/200px-James_cagney_promo_photo_%28cropped%2C_centered%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ErnestHemingway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg/100px-ErnestHemingway.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg/150px-ErnestHemingway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg/200px-ErnestHemingway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1873" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Dorsey" title="Thomas A. Dorsey">Thomas A. Dorsey</a>, American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a>, English-American stage, film actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Tsatsos" title="Konstantinos Tsatsos">Konstantinos Tsatsos</a>, President of Greece (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Austin_Warren_(scholar)" title="Austin Warren (scholar)">Austin Warren</a>, American literary critic. (d. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Achard" title="Marcel Achard">Marcel Achard</a>, French playwright, scriptwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Susannah_Mushatt_Jones" title="Susannah Mushatt Jones">Susannah Mushatt Jones</a>, American supercentenarian, last remaining American born in the 19th century and world's oldest living person (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a>, American film director (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Wallace" title="Jesse Wallace">Jesse Wallace</a>, American naval officer, 29th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of American Samoa">Governor of American Samoa</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/E._B._White" title="E. B. White">E. B. White</a>, American writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/E._D._Nixon" title="E. D. Nixon">E. D. Nixon</a>, African-American civil rights leader and union organizer (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a>, Taoiseach of Ireland (d. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEidar_Jakac" title="Božidar Jakac">Božidar Jakac</a>, Slovene painter, photographer and filmmaker. (d. <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a>, American actor and dancer (d. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hart_Crane" title="Hart Crane">Hart Crane</a>, American poet (suicide <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>, American author, journalist (suicide <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Sobhuza_II_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobhuza II of Swaziland">Sobhuza II of Swaziland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Heinemann" title="Gustav Heinemann">Gustav Heinemann</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_West_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="President of West Germany">President of West Germany</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chief_Dan_George" title="Chief Dan George">Chief Dan George</a>, Canadian actor, writer and tribal chief of the <a href="/wiki/Tsleil-Waututh_First_Nation" title="Tsleil-Waututh First Nation">Tsleil-Waututh First Nation</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alice_Terry" title="Alice Terry">Alice Terry</a>, American film actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_2">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P.L._Travers_as_Titania_in_a_production_with_Alan_Wilkie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/P.L._Travers_as_Titania_in_a_production_with_Alan_Wilkie.jpg/100px-P.L._Travers_as_Titania_in_a_production_with_Alan_Wilkie.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/P.L._Travers_as_Titania_in_a_production_with_Alan_Wilkie.jpg/150px-P.L._Travers_as_Titania_in_a_production_with_Alan_Wilkie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/P.L._Travers_as_Titania_in_a_production_with_Alan_Wilkie.jpg/200px-P.L._Travers_as_Titania_in_a_production_with_Alan_Wilkie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2530" data-file-height="3438" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/P._L._Travers" title="P. L. Travers">P. L. Travers</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hitchcock,_Alfred_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Hitchcock%2C_Alfred_02.jpg/100px-Hitchcock%2C_Alfred_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Hitchcock%2C_Alfred_02.jpg/150px-Hitchcock%2C_Alfred_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Hitchcock%2C_Alfred_02.jpg/200px-Hitchcock%2C_Alfred_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="973" /></a><figcaption>Sir <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Taft_Benson" title="Ezra Taft Benson">Ezra Taft Benson</a>, American religious leader, president of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kelly_(actor)" title="Paul Kelly (actor)">Paul Kelly</a>, American stage, film actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._L._Travers" title="P. L. Travers">P. L. Travers</a>, Australian-born British author (<i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Poppins_(book_series)" title="Mary Poppins (book series)">Mary Poppins</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>, British-born American film director (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alma_Reville" title="Alma Reville">Alma Reville</a>, English screenwriter, wife of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Strange" title="Glenn Strange">Glenn Strange</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Colleen_Moore" title="Colleen Moore">Colleen Moore</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a>, Argentine writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Albert Claude</a>, Belgian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rufino_Tamayo" title="Rufino Tamayo">Rufino Tamayo</a>, Mexican painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._S._Forester" title="C. S. Forester">C. S. Forester</a>, English novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Foulger" title="Byron Foulger">Byron Foulger</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a>, French actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Lemnitzer" title="Lyman Lemnitzer">Lyman Lemnitzer</a>, American general (d. <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boots_Adams" title="Boots Adams">Boots Adams</a>, American business magnate, president of <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Petroleum_Company" title="Phillips Petroleum Company">Phillips Petroleum Company</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_2">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet.jpg/100px-Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet.jpg/150px-Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet.jpg/200px-Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="1522" /></a><figcaption>Sir <a href="/wiki/Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Macfarlane Burnet">Macfarlane Burnet</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmie_Davis_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Jimmie_Davis_1962.jpg/100px-Jimmie_Davis_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Jimmie_Davis_1962.jpg/150px-Jimmie_Davis_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Jimmie_Davis_1962.jpg/200px-Jimmie_Davis_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Davis" title="Jimmie Davis">Jimmie Davis</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Platonov" title="Andrei Platonov">Andrei Platonov</a>, Russian-born Soviet writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Macfarlane Burnet">Macfarlane Burnet</a>, Australian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/May_McAvoy" title="May McAvoy">May McAvoy</a>, American actress and singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brassa%C3%AF" title="Brassaï">Brassaï</a>, French photographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Davis" title="Jimmie Davis">Jimmie Davis</a>, American politician and musician, Governor of Louisiana (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu" title="Corneliu Zelea Codreanu">Corneliu Zelea Codreanu</a>, Romanian fascist politician, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ida_Kami%C5%84ska" title="Ida Kamińska">Ida Kamińska</a>, Polish actress, playwright and translator (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tom_C._Clark" title="Tom C. Clark">Tom C. Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bessie_Braddock" title="Bessie Braddock">Bessie Braddock</a>, British politician (d. 1970)<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_2">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Haycox" title="Ernest Haycox">Ernest Haycox</a>, American writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Berg" title="Gertrude Berg">Gertrude Berg</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franz_Jonas" title="Franz Jonas">Franz Jonas</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Austria" title="President of Austria">President of Austria</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/George,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg" title="George, Duke of Mecklenburg">George, Duke of Mecklenburg</a>, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Catton" title="Bruce Catton">Bruce Catton</a>, American Civil War historian, Pulitzer Prize winner (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a>, Guatemalan writer, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_B%C3%ADr%C3%B3" title="László Bíró">László Bíró</a>, Hungarian inventor of the ballpoint pen (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Akim_Tamiroff" title="Akim Tamiroff">Akim Tamiroff</a>, Armenian actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_2">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iskander_Mirza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Iskander_Mirza.jpg/100px-Iskander_Mirza.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Iskander_Mirza.jpg/150px-Iskander_Mirza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Iskander_Mirza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Iskander_Mirza" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskander Mirza">Iskander Mirza</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abu_al-Qasim_al-Khoei_(7738).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Khoei_%287738%29.jpg/100px-Abu_al-Qasim_al-Khoei_%287738%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Khoei_%287738%29.jpg/150px-Abu_al-Qasim_al-Khoei_%287738%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Khoei_%287738%29.jpg/200px-Abu_al-Qasim_al-Khoei_%287738%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="915" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Khoei" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei">Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Swianiewicz" title="Stanisław Swianiewicz">Stanisław Swianiewicz</a>, Polish economist and historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pat_O%27Brien_(actor)" title="Pat O'Brien (actor)">Pat O'Brien</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vera_Caspary" title="Vera Caspary">Vera Caspary</a>, American screenwriter, novelist, playwright (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Ali_Mirza" title="Iskandar Ali Mirza">Iskandar Ali Mirza</a>, 1st president of Pakistan (d. <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Shearer" title="Douglas Shearer">Douglas Shearer</a>, Canadian-born American film sound engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Ormandy" title="Eugene Ormandy">Eugene Ormandy</a>, Hungarian-American conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Khoei" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei">Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei</a>, Shia Ayatollah (d. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hoagy_Carmichael" title="Hoagy Carmichael">Hoagy Carmichael</a>, American composer, pianist, singer, actor and bandleader (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Soraya_Tarzi" title="Soraya Tarzi">Soraya Tarzi</a>, Afghan feminist, queen (d. <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hauptmann" title="Richard Hauptmann">Richard Hauptmann</a>, German murderer of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Lindbergh Jr.">Charles Lindbergh Jr.</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rose" title="Maurice Rose">Maurice Rose</a>, American general (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emma_Morano" title="Emma Morano">Emma Morano</a>, Italian supercentenarian, oldest Italian ever, last surviving person born in the 1800s (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_2">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noel_Coward_Allan_warren_edit_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Noel_Coward_Allan_warren_edit_1.jpg/100px-Noel_Coward_Allan_warren_edit_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Noel_Coward_Allan_warren_edit_1.jpg/150px-Noel_Coward_Allan_warren_edit_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Noel_Coward_Allan_warren_edit_1.jpg/200px-Noel_Coward_Allan_warren_edit_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5369" data-file-height="7057" /></a><figcaption>Sir <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Humphrey_Bogart_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Humphrey_Bogart_1940.jpg/100px-Humphrey_Bogart_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Humphrey_Bogart_1940.jpg/150px-Humphrey_Bogart_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Humphrey_Bogart_1940.jpg/200px-Humphrey_Bogart_1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lucchese" title="Tommy Lucchese">Tommy Lucchese</a>, American gangster (d. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Barbirolli" title="John Barbirolli">John Barbirolli</a>, English conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hayato_Ikeda" title="Hayato Ikeda">Hayato Ikeda</a>, prime minister of Japan (d. <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Qualen" title="John Qualen">John Qualen</a>, Canadian-American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Brunhoff" title="Jean de Brunhoff">Jean de Brunhoff</a>, French writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/DeFord_Bailey" title="DeFord Bailey">DeFord Bailey</a>, American country musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harold_Abrahams" title="Harold Abrahams">Harold Abrahams</a>, British athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a>, English actor, playwright and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Zawadzki" title="Aleksander Zawadzki">Aleksander Zawadzki</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">President of Poland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wessel_Zapffe" title="Peter Wessel Zapffe">Peter Wessel Zapffe</a>, Norwegian author and philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Sr." title="Martin Luther King Sr.">Martin Luther King Sr.</a>, American Baptist pastor, missionary, and figure in the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">John Sparkman</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Ferguson" title="Frank Ferguson">Frank Ferguson</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eugeniusz_Bodo" title="Eugeniusz Bodo">Eugeniusz Bodo</a>, Polish actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nie_Rongzhen" title="Nie Rongzhen">Nie Rongzhen</a>, Chinese Communist military leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nureddine_Rifai" title="Nureddine Rifai">Nureddine Rifai</a>, 25th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon" title="Prime Minister of Lebanon">Prime Minister of Lebanon</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Deaths" style="margin: auto; text-align: center; display: inline-block;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Deaths </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#January_2">January</a> · <a href="#February_2">February</a> · <a href="#March_2">March</a> · <a href="#April_2">April</a> · <a href="#May_2">May</a> · <a href="#June_2">June</a> · <a href="#July_2">July</a> · <a href="#August_2">August</a> · <a href="#September_2">September</a> · <a href="#October_2">October</a> · <a href="#November_2">November</a> · <a href="#December_2">December</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–February"><span id="January.E2.80.93February"></span>January–February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: January–February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg/110px-Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg/165px-Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg/220px-Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Alfred Sisley</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Julius_Reuter_1869.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Paul_Julius_Reuter_1869.jpg/110px-Paul_Julius_Reuter_1869.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Paul_Julius_Reuter_1869.jpg/165px-Paul_Julius_Reuter_1869.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Paul_Julius_Reuter_1869.jpg/220px-Paul_Julius_Reuter_1869.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="1644" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reuter" title="Paul Reuter">Paul Reuter</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emma_Hardinge_Britten_1884.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Emma_Hardinge_Britten_1884.png/110px-Emma_Hardinge_Britten_1884.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Emma_Hardinge_Britten_1884.png/165px-Emma_Hardinge_Britten_1884.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Emma_Hardinge_Britten_1884.png/220px-Emma_Hardinge_Britten_1884.png 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emma_Hardinge_Britten" title="Emma Hardinge Britten">Emma Hardinge Britten</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonio_luna_small.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Antonio_luna_small.jpg/110px-Antonio_luna_small.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Antonio_luna_small.jpg/165px-Antonio_luna_small.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Antonio_luna_small.jpg/220px-Antonio_luna_small.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="895" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Luna" title="Antonio Luna">Antonio Luna</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Hugh_Smith" title="William Hugh Smith">William Hugh Smith</a>, 72, Governor of Alabama during Reconstruction, 1868 to 1870, former Alabama legislator who joined the Union Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Baldwin_Turner" title="Jonathan Baldwin Turner">Jonathan B. Turner</a>, 93, U.S. educational reformer and champion of land grant universities, co-founder of the University of Illinois</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Russell_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician)">William A. Russell</a>, 67, U.S. Congressman and industrialist who was the first president of the International Paper Company</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Dingley_Jr." title="Nelson Dingley Jr.">Nelson Dingley Jr.</a>, 66, U.S. politician and Congressman for Maine since 1881, author of the <a href="/wiki/Dingley_Act" title="Dingley Act">Dingley Act</a> for increased tariffs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nubar_Pasha" title="Nubar Pasha">Nubar Pasha</a>, 74, the first <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Prime Minister of Egypt</a> (1878–79, 1884–88 and 1894–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jedediah_Hotchkiss" title="Jedediah Hotchkiss">Jedediah Hotchkiss</a>, 70, American military cartographer for the Confederacy during the American Civil War</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Romualdo_Pacheco" title="Romualdo Pacheco">Romualdo Pacheco</a>, 77, the only Hispanic <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor</a> of the U.S. state of California (in 1875); (b. <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Alfred Sisley</a>, 59, French <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">impressionist</a> landscape painter, died of throat cancer (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> –<a href="/wiki/Harry_Bates_(sculptor)" title="Harry Bates (sculptor)">Harry Bates</a>, 48, British sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma</a>, 29, princess consort of Bulgaria, from complications of childbirth (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_von_Caprivi" title="Leo von Caprivi">Leo von Caprivi</a>, Chancellor of Germany (b. <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Teuku_Umar" title="Teuku Umar">Teuku Umar</a>, Leader of Acehnese Rebellion (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Faure" title="Félix Faure">Félix Faure</a>, President of France (b. <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophus_Lie" title="Sophus Lie">Sophus Lie</a>, Norwegian mathematician; see <a href="/wiki/Lie_group" title="Lie group">Lie group</a>.(b. <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%ABtan_de_Rochebou%C3%ABt" title="Gaëtan de Rochebouët">Gaëtan de Rochebouët</a>, Prime Minister of France (b. <a href="/wiki/1813" title="1813">1813</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Reuter" title="Paul Reuter">Paul Reuter</a>, German-born news agency founder (b. <a href="/wiki/1816" title="1816">1816</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March–April"><span id="March.E2.80.93April"></span>March–April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: March–April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_P._Sprague" title="William P. Sprague">William P. Sprague</a>, American politician from Ohio (b. <a href="/wiki/1827" title="1827">1827</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – Princess <a href="/wiki/Ka%CA%BBiulani" title="Kaʻiulani">Kaʻiulani</a>, last monarch of Hawaii (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Sir Julius Vogel</a>, Premier of New Zealand (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Othniel_Charles_Marsh" title="Othniel Charles Marsh">Othniel Charles Marsh</a>, American palaeontologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martha_M._Place" title="Martha M. Place">Martha M. Place</a>, American murderer, first woman executed in the <a href="/wiki/Electric_chair" title="Electric chair">electric chair</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Goegg-Pouchoulin" title="Marie Goegg-Pouchoulin">Marie Goegg-Pouchoulin</a>, Swiss national, international women's rights activist, pacifist (b. <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Carpenter_(admiral)" title="Charles C. Carpenter (admiral)">Charles C. Carpenter</a>, American admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1834" title="1834">1834</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/T._E._Ellis" title="T. E. Ellis">T. E. Ellis</a>, Welsh politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Garret_Barry_(piper)" title="Garret Barry (piper)">Garret Parry</a>, Irish piper (b. <a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Rijke" title="Pieter Rijke">Pieter Rijke</a>, Dutch physicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1812" title="1812">1812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a>, 4-time prime minister of Romania (b. <a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Jacinto" title="Emilio Jacinto">Emilio Jacinto</a>, Filipino poet, revolutionary (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Mowbray,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Mowbray, 1st Baronet">Sir John Mowbray, 1st Baronet</a>, British MP and <a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="Father of the House of Commons">Father of the House of Commons</a> since 1898 (b. 1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_K%C3%B6ler" title="Johann Köler">Johann Köler</a>, Estonian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Oglesby" title="Richard J. Oglesby">Richard J. Oglesby</a>, U.S. politician, three-time Governor of Illinois for whom the town of <a href="/wiki/Oglesby,_Illinois" title="Oglesby, Illinois">Oglesby, Illinois</a> is named (b. 1824)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Count_Karl_Sigmund_von_Hohenwart" title="Count Karl Sigmund von Hohenwart">Count Karl Sigmund von Hohenwart</a>, Minister-President of Austria, 1871 (b. <a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Baker_(politician)" title="Lewis Baker (politician)">Lewis Baker</a>, U.S. politician and diplomat (b. 1832)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May–June"><span id="May.E2.80.93June"></span>May–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: May–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Nast_(Methodist)" title="William Nast (Methodist)">William Nast</a>, German-born religious leader and founder of the German Methodist Church in the U.S. (b. 1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Buckalew" title="Charles R. Buckalew">Charles R. Buckalew</a>, American politician and diplomat (b. 1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Brett,_1st_Viscount_Esher" title="William Brett, 1st Viscount Esher">William Brett, 1st Viscount Esher</a>, British law lord (b. <a href="/wiki/1817" title="1817">1817</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Castelar_y_Ripoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilio Castelar y Ripoll">Emilio Castelar y Ripoll</a>, President of the First Spanish Republic (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II" title="Johann Strauss II">Johann Strauss Jr.</a>, Austrian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1825" title="1825">1825</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Beltrami" title="Eugenio Beltrami">Eugenio Beltrami</a>, Italian mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Luna" title="Antonio Luna">Antonio Luna</a>, Filipino general (assassinated) (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Daly" title="Augustin Daly">Augustin Daly</a>, American theatrical impresario, playwright (b. <a href="/wiki/1838" title="1838">1838</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Chausson" title="Ernest Chausson">Ernest Chausson</a>, French composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–August"><span id="July.E2.80.93August"></span>July–August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: July–August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Bunsen_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Robert_Bunsen_02.jpg/110px-Robert_Bunsen_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Robert_Bunsen_02.jpg/165px-Robert_Bunsen_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Robert_Bunsen_02.jpg/220px-Robert_Bunsen_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1732" data-file-height="2227" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bunsen" title="Robert Bunsen">Robert Bunsen</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Gregorio_del_Pilar_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/General_Gregorio_del_Pilar_1.jpg/110px-General_Gregorio_del_Pilar_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/General_Gregorio_del_Pilar_1.jpg/165px-General_Gregorio_del_Pilar_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/General_Gregorio_del_Pilar_1.jpg/220px-General_Gregorio_del_Pilar_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar" title="Gregorio del Pilar">Gregorio del Pilar</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FRANCES_LAUGHTON_MACE_A_woman_of_the_century_(page_493_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/FRANCES_LAUGHTON_MACE_A_woman_of_the_century_%28page_493_crop%29.jpg/110px-FRANCES_LAUGHTON_MACE_A_woman_of_the_century_%28page_493_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/FRANCES_LAUGHTON_MACE_A_woman_of_the_century_%28page_493_crop%29.jpg/165px-FRANCES_LAUGHTON_MACE_A_woman_of_the_century_%28page_493_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/FRANCES_LAUGHTON_MACE_A_woman_of_the_century_%28page_493_crop%29.jpg/220px-FRANCES_LAUGHTON_MACE_A_woman_of_the_century_%28page_493_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="1044" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frances_Laughton_Mace" title="Frances Laughton Mace">Frances Laughton Mace</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Flower" title="William Henry Flower">Sir William Flower</a>, British museum curator and surgeon (b. <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – General <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Wright" title="Horatio Wright">Horatio Wright</a>, 79, American engineer, U.S. Army officer in the American Civil War, Chief of Engineers for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (b. 1820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Armstrong_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Alexander Armstrong (Royal Navy officer)">Sir Alexander Armstrong</a>, 81, Irish-born physician, Royal Navy officer and Arctic explorer (b. 1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_George_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia">Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia</a>, 28, Tsarevich and heir to the throne of Russia as younger brother of Nicholas II (b. 1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gr%C3%A9vy" title="Albert Grévy">Albert Grévy</a>, French statesman and <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_governors_of_Algeria" title="List of French governors of Algeria">Governor-General of Algeria</a> 1879-1881 (b. 1823)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaretta_Riley" title="Margaretta Riley">Margaretta Riley</a>, British botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Preston_Johnston" title="William Preston Johnston">William Preston Johnston</a>, 68, American college administrator and first president of <a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane University</a> (b. 1831)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Alger_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio Alger Jr.">Horatio Alger Jr.</a>, American writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frances_Laughton_Mace" title="Frances Laughton Mace">Frances Laughton Mace</a>, American poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Ingersoll" title="Robert G. Ingersoll">Robert G. Ingersoll</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tassilo_von_Heydebrand_und_der_Lasa" title="Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa">Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa</a>, German chess-master (b. <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl,_Freiherr_von_Prel" title="Karl, Freiherr von Prel">Karl, Freiherr von Prel</a>, German philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Frankland" title="Edward Frankland">Sir Edward Frankland</a>, British chemist (b. <a href="/wiki/1825" title="1825">1825</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_George_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia">Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia</a>, Russian Grand Duke, younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II of Russia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bunsen" title="Robert Bunsen">Robert Bunsen</a>, German chemist (b. <a href="/wiki/1811" title="1811">1811</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September–October"><span id="September.E2.80.93October"></span>September–October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: September–October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renshaw" title="Ernest Renshaw">Ernest Renshaw</a>, British tennis player (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Vanderbilt_II" title="Cornelius Vanderbilt II">Cornelius Vanderbilt II</a>, American railway magnate (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Warren_Keeler" title="Sarah Warren Keeler">Sarah Warren Keeler</a>, American educator of the deaf-mute (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Alfred_Pillsbury" title="Charles Alfred Pillsbury">Charles Alfred Pillsbury</a>, American industrialist (b. <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Segantini" title="Giovanni Segantini">Giovanni Segantini</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Hardinge_Britten" title="Emma Hardinge Britten">Emma Hardinge Britten</a>, British writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Pilcher" title="Percy Pilcher">Percy Pilcher</a>, British aviation pioneer, glider pilot (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deodato_Arellano" title="Deodato Arellano">Deodato Arellano</a>, Filipino Propagandist (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Cabot_Lowell_Quincy_Waterston" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Cabot Lowell Quincy Waterston">Anna Cabot Lowell Quincy Waterston</a>, American diarist (b. <a href="/wiki/1812" title="1812">1812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolai_Hanson" title="Nicolai Hanson">Nicolai Hanson</a>, Norwegian zoologist and Antarctic explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ella_Hoag_Brockway_Avann" class="mw-redirect" title="Ella Hoag Brockway Avann">Ella Hoag Brockway Avann</a>, American educator (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Penn_Symons" title="Penn Symons">Sir Penn Symons</a>, British general (died of wounds) (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grant_Allen" title="Grant Allen">Grant Allen</a>, Canadian science writer and novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Blomfield" title="Arthur Blomfield">Sir Arthur Blomfield</a>, British architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1829" title="1829">1829</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Webb" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Webb">William Henry Webb</a>, American industrialist, philanthropist (b. <a href="/wiki/1816" title="1816">1816</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anton_Berindei" title="Anton Berindei">Anton Berindei</a>, Wallachian-born Romanian general and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1838" title="1838">1838</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November–December"><span id="November.E2.80.93December"></span>November–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: November–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garret_Augustus_Hobart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Garret_Augustus_Hobart.jpg/118px-Garret_Augustus_Hobart.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Garret_Augustus_Hobart.jpg/176px-Garret_Augustus_Hobart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Garret_Augustus_Hobart.jpg/235px-Garret_Augustus_Hobart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4042" data-file-height="5086" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Garret_Hobart" title="Garret Hobart">Garret Hobart</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincas_Kudirka" title="Vincas Kudirka">Vincas Kudirka</a>, Lithuanian doctor, poet and national hero (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Hermann_Moritz_Busch" title="Julius Hermann Moritz Busch">Julius Hermann Moritz Busch</a>, German publicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1821" title="1821">1821</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Garret_Hobart" title="Garret Hobart">Garret Hobart</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vice Presidents of the United States">24th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Ismay" title="Thomas Henry Ismay">Thomas Henry Ismay</a>, British owner of the White Star Line (b. <a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abdallahi_ibn_Muhammad" title="Abdallahi ibn Muhammad">Abdallahi ibn Muhammad</a>, Sudanese political, religious leader (killed in battle) (b. <a href="/wiki/1846" title="1846">1846</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Oldoini,_Countess_of_Castiglione" title="Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione">Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar" title="Gregorio del Pilar">Gregorio del Pilar</a>, Filipino general (killed in battle) (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Ngwane_V" title="Ngwane V">Ngwane V</a> of Swaziland (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ware_Lawton" title="Henry Ware Lawton">Henry Ware Lawton</a>, American general (killed in action) (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pascual_Ortega_Portales" title="Pascual Ortega Portales">Pascual Ortega Portales</a>, Chilean painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_L._Moody" title="Dwight L. Moody">Dwight L. Moody</a>, American evangelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Grosvenor,_1st_Duke_of_Westminster" title="Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster">Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster</a>, British landowner and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1825" title="1825">1825</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Bertrand" title="Eugène Bertrand">Eugène Bertrand</a>, 65, French comedian and opera house director (b. <a href="/wiki/1834" title="1834">1834</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Mitchel" title="Jane Mitchel">Jane Mitchel</a>, Irish nationalist (b. c. 1820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Mill%C3%B6cker" title="Carl Millöcker">Carl Millöcker</a>, 57, Viennese composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Carrillo_Tablas" title="Manuel Carrillo Tablas">Manuel Carrillo Tablas</a>, 77, Mexican philanthropist and mayor of Orizaba (b. <a href="/wiki/1822" title="1822">1822</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_3">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Morton_Littlejohn" title="Ellen Morton Littlejohn">Ellen Morton Littlejohn</a>, American quilter (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Morgan_(Red_Dead)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Morgan (Red Dead)">Arthur Morgan (Red Dead)</a>, American gunslinger and gang member (b.<a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Canadian Pacific Railway", by Donald M. Bain, in <i>Encyclopedia of North American Railroads</i>. ed. by William D. Middleton, et al. (Indiana University Press, 2007) p. 197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090919061706/http://www.greatships.net/oceanic2.html">"R.M.S. Oceanic (II)"</a>. Jeff Newman. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greatships.net/oceanic2.html">the original</a> on September 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R.M.S.+Oceanic+%28II%29&rft.pub=Jeff+Newman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatships.net%2Foceanic2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18990115.2.113&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Vessel Goes Down at Night During a Squall and Is Not Missed until Morning", <i>San Francisco Call</i>, January 15, 1899"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027195023/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18990115.2.113&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Vessel+Goes+Down+at+Night+During+a+Squall+and+Is+Not+Missed+until+Morning%22%2C+San+Francisco+Call%2C+January+15%2C+1899&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcdnc%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DSFC18990115.2.113%26e%3D-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anton A. Huurdeman, <i>The Worldwide History of Telecommunications</i> (Wiley, 2003) p. 215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Gawrych, <i>The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913</i> (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2006) p. 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie-France Barrier, <i>Ranavalona, dernière reine de Madagascar</i> (Balland, 1996) pp. 273-274</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.suntory.com/about/history/index.html">"Suntory | About Us | History : Digest"</a>. <i>Suntory</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Suntory&rft.atitle=Suntory+%7C+About+Us+%7C+History+%3A+Digest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.suntory.com%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian McAllister Linn, <i>The Philippine War, 1899–1902</i> (University Press of Kansas, 2000) p. 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Loubet, Émile François", <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, 11th edition, Volume 17 (1911), p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian S. McBeth, <i>Gunboats, Corruption, and Claims: Foreign Intervention in Venezuela, 1899-1908</i> (Greenwood Press, 2001) pp. 13-14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/laurier_wilfrid_14E.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Laurier, Sir Wilfrid", by Réal Bélanger, in <i>Dictionary of Canadian Biography</i>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220601184134/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/laurier_wilfrid_14E.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Laurier%2C+Sir+Wilfrid%22%2C+by+R%C3%A9al+B%C3%A9langer%2C+in+Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Flaurier_wilfrid_14E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunderlandships.com/view.php?year_built=&builder=&ref=157117&vessel=JUMNA">"Sunderlandships.com"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221031004342/http://www.sunderlandships.com/view.php?year_built=&builder=&ref=157117&vessel=JUMNA">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunderlandships.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunderlandships.com%2Fview.php%3Fyear_built%3D%26builder%3D%26ref%3D157117%26vessel%3DJUMNA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalmotormuseum.org.uk/?location_id=151">"Motoring Firsts"</a>. National Motor Museum Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100821110033/http://nationalmotormuseum.org.uk/?location_id=151">Archived</a> from the original on August 21, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Motoring+Firsts&rft.pub=National+Motor+Museum+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnationalmotormuseum.org.uk%2F%3Flocation_id%3D151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Marketing History as Social Responsibility", by Christopher Gerteis, in <i>Japan Since 1945: From Postwar to Post-Bubble</i> (Bloomsbury, 2013) p. 235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndiaDurocTedjini2018" class="citation book cs1">Andia, Gianfranco; Duroc, Yvan; Tedjini, Smail (January 19, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uJpNDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Reflected+Back%22+Marconi+%221899%22&pg=PA2"><i>Non-Linearities in Passive RFID Systems: Third Harmonic Concept and Applications</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781119490739" title="Special:BookSources/9781119490739"><bdi>9781119490739</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Non-Linearities+in+Passive+RFID+Systems%3A+Third+Harmonic+Concept+and+Applications&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2018-01-19&rft.isbn=9781119490739&rft.aulast=Andia&rft.aufirst=Gianfranco&rft.au=Duroc%2C+Yvan&rft.au=Tedjini%2C+Smail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuJpNDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Reflected%2BBack%2522%2BMarconi%2B%25221899%2522%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dpma.de/english/our_office/publications/milestones/brandswithhistory/aspirin/index.html">"Aspirin"</a>. <i>Milestones: Aspirin</i>. German Patent and Trademark Office. October 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milestones%3A+Aspirin&rft.atitle=Aspirin&rft.date=2022-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpma.de%2Fenglish%2Four_office%2Fpublications%2Fmilestones%2Fbrandswithhistory%2Faspirin%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrie2017" class="citation book cs1">Petrie, Anne (2017). <i>The Story of Kent</i>. The History Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Kent&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Petrie&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Jungner, Ernst Waldemar", in <i>Innovators in Battery Technology: Profiles of 95 Influential Electrochemists</i>, by Kevin Desmond (McFarland Publishing 2016) p. 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.city-journal.org/html/gotham-tragedy-gotham-memory-12399.html">"Gotham Tragedy, Gotham Memory"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221031004344/https://www.city-journal.org/html/gotham-tragedy-gotham-memory-12399.html">Archived</a> October 31, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by Christopher Gray, <i>City-Journal</i> (New York City), Winter 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20131009-worlds-oldest-cinema-eden-theatre-reopen-ciotat-train-france-lumiere">"World's oldest cinema to reopen in France's La Ciotat"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221031004341/https://www.france24.com/en/20131009-worlds-oldest-cinema-eden-theatre-reopen-ciotat-train-france-lumiere">Archived</a> October 31, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>France 24</i>, September 10, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AROR499-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AROR499_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AROR499_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AROR499_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AROR499_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AROR499_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AROR499_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AROR499_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The American Monthly Review of Reviews</i> (June 1899), pp. 539-542</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Penguin Pocket On This Day</i>. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-102715-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-102715-0"><bdi>0-14-102715-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penguin+Pocket+On+This+Day&rft.pub=Penguin+Reference+Library&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-14-102715-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce A. Elleman, <i>International Competition in China, 1899-1991</i> (Taylor & Francis, 2015) p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AROR6649-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AROR6649_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AROR6649_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AROR6649_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The American Monthly Review of Reviews</i> (June 1899), pp. 664-669</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/sanomalehti/binding/586573/articles/114554">"Nurmijärwen murhamies renki Karl Emil Malmelin wangittu"</a>. <i>Digikansalliskirjasto</i> (in Finnish). <a href="/wiki/Uusi_Suometar" class="mw-redirect" title="Uusi Suometar">Uusi Suometar</a>. May 25, 1899<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digikansalliskirjasto&rft.atitle=Nurmij%C3%A4rwen+murhamies+renki+Karl+Emil+Malmelin+wangittu&rft.date=1899-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigi.kansalliskirjasto.fi%2Fsanomalehti%2Fbinding%2F586573%2Farticles%2F114554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrenstein1991" class="citation book cs1">Orenstein, Arbie (1991) [1975]. <i>Ravel: Man and Musician</i>. 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(1962). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam0000carr"><i>The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates</i></a></span> (3rd ed.). Thomas Y. Crowell. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam0000carr/page/384">384–387</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+American+Facts+and+Dates&rft.pages=384-387&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Thomas+Y.+Crowell&rft.date=1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofam0000carr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/859720740/">"Herman swept from the earth"</a>. <i>Evening World-Herald</i>. June 14, 1899<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2022</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evening+World-Herald&rft.atitle=Herman+swept+from+the+earth&rft.date=1899-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F859720740%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric L. Mills, <i>Biological Oceanography: An Early History, 1870-1960</i> (University of Toronto Press, 2012) p.83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Volkert, Klaus, ed. (2015). <i>David Hilbert: Grundlagen der Geometrie</i>. 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Roehner and Tony Syme, <i>Pattern and Repertoire in History</i> (Harvard University Press, 2009) p. 311</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-paper-clip-4072863">The History and Invention of the Paperclip</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Understanding sacrifice and sanctity in Benin indigenous religion, Nigeria: a case study", by Flora Edouwaye S. Kaplan, in <i>Beyond Primitivism: Indigenous Religious Traditions and Modernity</i>, ed. by Jacob K. 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New York University Press. p. 134.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outposts+of+Civilization%3A+Race%2C+Religion%2C+and+the+Formative+Years+of+American-Japanese+Relations&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Henning&rft.aufirst=Joseph+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David A. 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Veronico, <i>Images of America: Lighthouses of the Bay Area</i> (Arcadia Publishing, 2008) p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJørsThomsen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Jørs, Erik; Thomsen, Jane Froelund (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Foemed-2018-icohabstracts.695">"Mining occupational safety and health: hazards and good practices in formal and informal mining"</a>. <i>Mining Occupational Safety and Health</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Braddock+%5Bn%C3%A9e+Bamber%5D%2C+Elizabeth+Margaret&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F37214&rft.aulast=Ingham&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F37214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1899" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gertrude-Berg">"Gertrude Berg | American actress, producer and screenwriter"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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