CINXE.COM
dinamika - Hrvatska enciklopedija
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="hr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>dinamika - Hrvatska enciklopedija</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/site.css?v=aloXpnyJZY1CI82ecVYHMjJxHCRd1QASDdrJLGGVljo" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/edicija.css?v=nWB4zkqd6uP2jryLevXrveaQ9lLnQcuk6Shqr9-ZuG8" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/Enciklopedija.styles.css?v=FqXpQdF1a2Rla5RbDuOH-XQm3ENGUuk1Lvq1h6OEFyI" /> <script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6"></script> <script id="MathJax-script" async src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3.0.1/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <link href="/lib/lightbox2/css/lightbox.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <script src="/lib/jquery/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="/lib/jqueryui/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <link href="/lib/jqueryui/themes/base/jquery-ui.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/lib/jqueryui/themes/base/theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-EEL30DJPVS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-EEL30DJPVS'); </script> </head> <body> <header b-5bzbccjy93> <div b-5bzbccjy93> <div b-5bzbccjy93 class="container p-4 text-center"> <a class="mx-auto" href="/"><img src="/images/HeLogo.png" /><img style="height:4.8em" src="/images/hrvalskaenciklopedijatitle.png" /></a> </div> <nav b-5bzbccjy93 class="navbar navbar-light bg-white border-bottom box-shadow pb-4 mb-4 d-print-none"> <div b-5bzbccjy93 class="container col-lg-auto d-block"> <form method="get" class="container text-center" action="/Abecedarij"> <div b-5bzbccjy93 class="nav-item input-group col-centered " id="trazilica"> <input b-5bzbccjy93 type="search" placeholder="Traži..." name="q" class="search form-control" id="natuknica"> <button b-5bzbccjy93 type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-secondary btn-edicija" title="Traži"> <svg b-5bzbccjy93 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-search"> <path b-5bzbccjy93 d="M11.742 10.344a6.5 6.5 0 1 0-1.397 1.398h-.001c.03.04.062.078.098.115l3.85 3.85a1 1 0 0 0 1.415-1.414l-3.85-3.85a1.007 1.007 0 0 0-.115-.1zM12 6.5a5.5 5.5 0 1 1-11 0 5.5 5.5 0 0 1 11 0z" /> </svg> </button> <button b-5bzbccjy93 class="navbar-toggler ms-2" title="search" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasNavbar" aria-controls="offcanvasNavbar"> <span b-5bzbccjy93 class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> </div> </form> <div b-5bzbccjy93 class="offcanvas offcanvas-end" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasNavbar" aria-labelledby="offcanvasNavbarLabel"> <div b-5bzbccjy93 class="offcanvas-header"> <h5 b-5bzbccjy93 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasNavbarLabel">O enciklopediji</h5> <button b-5bzbccjy93 type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div b-5bzbccjy93 class="offcanvas-body"> <ul b-5bzbccjy93 class="navbar-nav justify-content-end flex-grow-1 pe-3"> <li b-5bzbccjy93 class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link text-dark" href="/Impresum">Impresum</a> </li> <li b-5bzbccjy93 class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link text-dark" href="/Predgovor">Predgovor</a> </li> <li b-5bzbccjy93 class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link text-dark" href="/Upute">Upute</a> </li> <li b-5bzbccjy93 class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link text-dark" href="/UvjetiKoristenja">Uvjeti korištenja</a> </li> </ul> <h5 b-5bzbccjy93 class="pt-4"> Kontakt </h5> <p b-5bzbccjy93> <a b-5bzbccjy93 href="http://www.lzmk.hr">Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža</a><br b-5bzbccjy93 /> Frankopanska 26, Zagreb<br b-5bzbccjy93 /> tel.: +385 1 4800 332<br b-5bzbccjy93 /> tel.: +385 1 4800 392<br b-5bzbccjy93 /> fax.: +385 1 4800 399<br b-5bzbccjy93 /> </p> <p b-5bzbccjy93> <a b-5bzbccjy93 href="mailto:urednistvoHE@lzmk.hr">urednistvoHE@lzmk.hr</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <div b-5bzbccjy93 class="container clearfix"> <main b-5bzbccjy93 role="main" class="pb-3"> <form method="post"> <input type="hidden" id="hfAlias" name="AliasId" /> <div class="container"> <h1 style="display:inline-block"><a href="#clanak">dinamika</a></h1> <span class="d-print-none ps-3"> <a class="text-edicija" href="/Abecedarij?q=dinamika">traži dalje ...</a></span> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="struke card bg-light"> <div><b>struka(e):</b> strane riječi | fizika | glazba</div> </div> <div class="clanak"> <a name="clanak"></a> <div><p><span style="color: #8b2323"><b>dinamika</b></span> (prema grč. <span style="color: #000000"><i>δυναμıϰός:</i></span> snažan, jak; pokretljiv, od <span style="color: #000000"><i>δύναμıς:</i></span> sila, snaga).</p><p><span style="color: #000080"><b>1.</b></span> Grana <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/mehanika">mehanike</a> koja povezuje gibanje tijela sa silama koje djeluju na tijelo. <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/galilei-galileo">Galileo Galilei</a> je zasnovao mehaniku na matematičkim i eksperimentalnim dokazima (1638), dok je <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/newton-isaac">Isaac Newton</a> u djelu <span style="color: #000000"><i>Matematički principi filozofije prirode</i></span> (1687) sintetizirao mehaniku u aksiome i definicije.</p><p>Prema predmetu istraživanja dinamika se može podijeliti na dinamiku <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/materijalna-tocka">materijalne točke</a>, sustava materijalnih točaka, krutog tijela, dinamiku tekućina, <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/elektrodinamika">elektrodinamiku</a>, titranje i valove, relativističku dinamiku i valno-čestičnu dinamiku (→ <span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-variant: small-caps"><a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/kvantna-mehanika">kvantna mehanika</a></span></span>). Temeljni su zakoni u rješavanju dinamičkih problema zakoni očuvanja energije i količine gibanja, <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/dalembertovo-nacelo">D’Alembertovo načelo</a> virtualnih pomaka, <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/lagranzijan">lagranžijan</a> (Lagrangeove jednadžbe gibanja), <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/hamiltonijanski-sustav">hamiltonijanski sustav</a> (Hamiltonov varijacijski princip, Hamilton–Jacobijeva jednadžba gibanja). U dinamici krutoga tijela važan je pojam <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/teziste">težište</a>, jer se giba kao da je u njemu koncentrirana masa tijela, odnosno ukupna masa čestica u sustavu. Newtonova dinamika podudara se s iskustvom i osnova je <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/klasicna-fizika">klasične fizike</a>.</p><p>Zakoni relativističke dinamike vrijede na velikim brzinama i dolaze do izražaja u akceleratorskim pokusima u <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/fizika-elementarnih-cestica">fizici elementarnih čestica</a>.</p><p>Dinamika <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/fluid">fluida</a> proučava gibanje tekućina i plinova. Zbog povijesnih razloga, naziva se <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/hidromehanika">hidromehanikom</a>, ako se bavi tekućinama a <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/aerodinamika">aerodinamikom</a> ako uzima u obzir stlačivost i <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/viskoznost">viskoznost</a> u plinovima. Stacionarno <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/strujanje">strujanje</a> <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/idealna-tekucina">idealne tekućine</a> opisuju <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/jednadzba-kontinuiteta">jednadžba kontinuiteta</a> i <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/bernoullijeva-jednadzba">Bernoullijeva jednadžba</a>. Laminarnim strujanjem slojevi fluida polako klize jedan preko drugoga ne miješajući se. Pri većim brzinama strujanja, čestice fluida prelaze iz jednoga sloja u drugi i nastaju <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/65546">vrtlozi</a>. Kriterij prema kojemu se može utvrditi hoće li u danim okolnostima nastupiti laminarno ili turbulentno strujanje fluida je <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/reynoldsov-broj">Reynoldsov broj</a>. <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/strujnice">Strujnica</a> je krivulja kojom se grafički predočuje strujanje.</p><p><span style="color: #000080"><b>2.</b></span> Ritam odvijanja nekog procesa (dinamika radova, pripovijedanja, isplate); činjenice, sile, događaji, međuodnosi i dr. koji uzrokuju aktivnost i promjenu na nekom području (dinamika rata, života, vodenih masa, prometne nesreće); živost, živahnost, pokretljivost, promjenljivost, dinamičnost, dinamizam (dinamika pokretâ).</p><p><span style="color: #000080"><b>3.</b></span> U glazbi → <span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-variant: small-caps"><a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/teorija-glazbe">teorija glazbe</a></span></span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container citiranje"> Citiranje: <p> dinamika. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>, <i>mrežno izdanje.</i> Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, 2013. – 2024. Pristupljeno 24.11.2024. <https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/dinamika>. </p> </div> <div class="container d-print-none"></div> <div class="container d-print-none"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#mkomentar">Komentar</button> </div> <div class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" id="mkomentar"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title">Unesite komentar</h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> Komentar: <textarea style="width:100%; height:300px" id="taKomentar" name="taKomentar"></textarea> Potpis: <input type="text" style="width:100%" id="taPotpis" name="taPotpis" /input> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Zatvori</button> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" title="Snimi" value="Snimi" formaction="/Clanak/dinamika?handler=ButtonSnimi">Pošalji</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <br /> <input name="__RequestVerificationToken" type="hidden" value="CfDJ8AafmPaswmdEooPiIBQpxHA2ytxm6K1cCUM08ltqniev4cykuG6TUQjJcReD0aMxh7BDL7drn98WIORfZoP_UPAtVFZqgcNSiEY7odqnpPK1v8XmNUyq-6a_RJxPmD5O13YF1LtmDEI0FehD5o-PBgs" /></form> <script src="/lib/lightbox2/js/lightbox.min.js"></script> <script> lightbox.option({ 'resizeDuration': 200, 'wrapAround': false, 'albumLabel': "slika %1 od %2" }) </script> </main> </div> <div b-5bzbccjy93> <div id="cookieConsent" class="alert alert-info alert-dismissible fade show fixed-bottom" role="alert"> <div class="container"> Naše web stranice koriste kolačiće kako bi Vam omogućili najbolje korisničko iskustvo, za analizu prometa i korištenje društvenih mreža. <a href="/UvjetiKoristenja">Doznaj više.</a> </div> <div class="d-grid gap-2 d-md-flex justify-content-md-end"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary accept-policy me-md-2" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close" data-cookie-string=".AspNet.Consent=yes; expires=Mon, 24 Nov 2025 11:34:30 GMT; path=/; secure; samesite=none">Prihvati</button> </div> </div> <script> (function () { var button = document.querySelector("#cookieConsent button[data-cookie-string]"); button.addEventListener("click", function (event) { document.cookie = button.dataset.cookieString; $("#cookieConsent").hide(); }, false); })(); </script> </div> <footer b-5bzbccjy93 class="border-top footer text-muted" id="myFooter"> <div b-5bzbccjy93 class="container text-center"> <img style="height:48px; vertical-align:text-top;" src="/images/lzmklogo.png" /> </div> <div b-5bzbccjy93 class="container text-center"> © 2024. <a b-5bzbccjy93 href="https://www.lzmk.hr">Leksikografski zavod <i b-5bzbccjy93>Miroslav Krleža</i></a> </div> </footer> <button b-5bzbccjy93 type="button" title="Top" class="btn btn-secondary btn-floating btn-lg" id="btn-back-to-top"> <svg b-5bzbccjy93 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-caret-up-fill"> <path b-5bzbccjy93 d="m7.247 4.86-4.796 5.481c-.566.647-.106 1.659.753 1.659h9.592a1 1 0 0 0 .753-1.659l-4.796-5.48a1 1 0 0 0-1.506 0z" /> </svg> </button> <script src="/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/site.js?v=HFdDLbM0HxvrAwFgkX5IgRBv1htKZvv7gXFyyLjyFbI"></script> </body> </html>