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<span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_religion_and_mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_religion_and_mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In religion and mythology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_religion_and_mythology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In religion and mythology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_religion_and_mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Greek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abrahamic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abrahamic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Abrahamic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abrahamic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Modernity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Taboo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88" title="تابو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تابو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81" title="ট্যাবু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ট্যাবু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83" title="Табу – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Табу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83" title="Табу – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Табу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83" title="Табу – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Табу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8D" title="མི་ཆོག་པའི་བཀག་བྱ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མི་ཆོག་པའི་བཀག་བྱ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%BA" title="Tabú – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tabú" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C5%B5" title="Tabŵ – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tabŵ" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Ταμπού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταμπού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%BA" title="Tabú – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tabú" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabuo" title="Tabuo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tabuo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88" title="تابو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تابو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabou" title="Tabou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tabou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taboe" title="Taboe – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Taboe" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%BA" title="Tabú – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tabú" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EA%B8%B0" title="금기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="금기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Տաբու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տաբու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="वर्जना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वर्जना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%B9" title="Tabù – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tabù" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95_(%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="טאבו (סוציולוגיה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טאבו (סוציולוגיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A7" title="ನಿಷೇಧ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಿಷೇಧ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3" title="ტაბუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტაბუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83" title="Табу – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Табу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwiko" title="Mwiko – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwiko" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%BB" title="Tabû – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tabû" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83" title="Табу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Табу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83" title="Табу – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Табу" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="निषिद्ध आचार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="निषिद्ध आचार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3" title="ტაბუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტაბუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88" title="تابو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تابو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantang_larang" title="Pantang larang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pantang larang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu_(lingkungan_sosial)" title="Tabu (lingkungan sosial) – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tabu (lingkungan sosial)" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taboe" title="Taboe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Taboe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC" title="タブー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タブー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A3" title="ਵਰਜਣ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਰਜਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83" title="Табу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Табу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quri_psaniq" title="Quri psaniq – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Quri psaniq" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Taboo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu_(n%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstvo)" title="Tabu (náboženstvo) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tabu (náboženstvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%86" title="تابۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تابۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83" title="Табу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Табу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamali" title="Pamali – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pamali" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/gaga" title="gaga – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="gaga" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="ข้อห้าม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ข้อห้าม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%9B" title="ᎤᏓᏅᏍᏛ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏓᏅᏍᏛ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83" title="Табу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Табу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA" title="سماجی ممانعت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سماجی ممانعت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A5m_k%E1%BB%B5" title="Cấm kỵ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cấm kỵ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C" title="禁忌 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="禁忌" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95" title="טאבו – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טאבו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C" title="禁忌 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="禁忌" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu" title="Tabu – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tabu" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C" title="禁忌 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="禁忌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_Network_Diagram_(segment).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Social_Network_Diagram_%28segment%29.svg/250px-Social_Network_Diagram_%28segment%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Social_Network_Diagram_%28segment%29.svg/375px-Social_Network_Diagram_%28segment%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Social_Network_Diagram_%28segment%29.svg/500px-Social_Network_Diagram_%28segment%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="260" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="padding-bottom:0.35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sociology" title="History of sociology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_sociology" title="Outline of sociology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_sociology_articles" title="Index of sociology articles">Index</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Key themes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_behavior" title="Human behavior">Human behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">Identity</a></li> <li>Industrial revolutions <a href="/wiki/Digital_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Revolution">3</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Industrial_Revolution" title="Fourth Industrial Revolution">4</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Industrial_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Industrial Revolution">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popularity" title="Popularity">Popularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_complexity" title="Social complexity">Social complexity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_environment" title="Social environment">Social environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">Social equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_equity" title="Social equity">Social equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Social power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">Social stratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_structure" title="Social structure">Social structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_cycle_theory" title="Social cycle theory">Social cycle theory</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sociological_theory" title="Sociological theory">Perspectives</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_theories" title="Conflict theories">Conflict theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_functionalism" title="Structural functionalism">Structural functionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">Positivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_constructionism" title="Social constructionism">Social constructionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_darwinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Social darwinism">Social darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_interactionism" title="Symbolic interactionism">Symbolic interactionism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Branches_of_sociology" class="mw-redirect" title="Branches of sociology">Branches</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerontology" title="Gerontology">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_architecture" title="Sociology of architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_art" title="Sociology of art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrosociology" title="Astrosociology">Astrosociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_the_body" title="Sociology of the body">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminology" title="Criminology">Criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_human_consciousness" title="Sociology of human consciousness">Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_culture" title="Sociology of culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_death" title="Sociology of death">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demography" title="Demography">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deviance_(sociology)" title="Deviance (sociology)">Deviance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_disaster" title="Sociology of disaster">Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_sociology" title="Economic sociology">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_education" title="Sociology of education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_emotions" title="Sociology of emotions">Emotion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Social_aspects_of_jealousy" title="Social aspects of jealousy">Jealousy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_sociology" title="Environmental sociology">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_the_family" title="Sociology of the family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sociology" title="Feminist sociology">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_sociology" title="Fiscal sociology">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_food" title="Sociology of food">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_gender" title="Sociology of gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_generations" title="Theory of generations">Generations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_health_and_illness" title="Sociology of health and illness">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_sociology" title="Historical sociology">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_immigration" title="Sociology of immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_sociology" title="Industrial sociology">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_the_Internet" title="Sociology of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_Jewry" title="Sociology of Jewry">Jewry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_knowledge" title="Sociology of knowledge">Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_language" title="Sociology of language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_law" title="Sociology of law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_leisure" title="Sociology of leisure">Leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_literature" title="Sociology of literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_sociology" title="Marxist sociology">Marxist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_sociology" title="Mathematical sociology">Mathematic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_sociology" title="Medical sociology">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_sociology" title="Military sociology">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociomusicology" title="Sociomusicology">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_peace,_war,_and_social_conflict" title="Sociology of peace, war, and social conflict">Peace, war, and social conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_philosophy" title="Sociology of philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_sociology" title="Political sociology">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_sociology" title="Public sociology">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_punishment" title="Sociology of punishment">Punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_race_and_ethnic_relations" title="Sociology of race and ethnic relations">Race and ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_religion" title="Sociology of religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_sociology" title="Rural sociology">Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_scientific_knowledge" title="Sociology of scientific knowledge">Science</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_the_history_of_science" title="Sociology of the history of science">History of science</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_movement_theory" title="Social movement theory">Social movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_psychology_(sociology)" title="Social psychology (sociology)">Social psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocybernetics" title="Sociocybernetics">Sociocybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_sociology" title="Sociology of sociology">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_space" title="Sociology of space">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_sport" title="Sociology of sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_technology" title="Social construction of technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_terrorism" title="Sociology of terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_sociology" title="Urban sociology">Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_utopian_sociology" title="Real utopian sociology">Utopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimology" title="Victimology">Victimology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_sociology" title="Visual sociology">Visual</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Social_research" title="Social research">Methods</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_research" title="Quantitative research">Quantitative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualitative_research" title="Qualitative research">Qualitative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_historical_research" title="Comparative historical research">Comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_sociology" title="Computational sociology">Computational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_analysis" title="Conversation analysis">Conversation analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_method" title="Historical method">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interview_(research)" title="Interview (research)">Interview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_sociology" title="Mathematical sociology">Mathematical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_analysis" title="Social network analysis">Network analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_experiment" title="Social experiment">Social experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_(human_research)" title="Survey (human research)">Survey</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sociologists" title="List of sociologists">Major theorists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b>1700s:</b> <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Sieyès</a><br /></li></ul> <p><b>1800s:</b> <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Martineau" title="Harriet Martineau">Martineau</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a> · <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a> · <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lester_Frank_Ward" title="Lester Frank Ward">Ward</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_T%C3%B6nnies" title="Ferdinand Tönnies">Tönnies</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen">Veblen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Georg_Simmel" title="Georg Simmel">Simmel</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Durkheim</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a> · <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert_Mead" title="George Herbert Mead">Mead</a> · <a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a> · <a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a> · <a href="/wiki/Karl_Mannheim" title="Karl Mannheim">Mannheim</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Elias" title="Norbert Elias">Elias</a><br /> </p> <b>1900s:</b> <a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Gehlen" title="Arnold Gehlen">Gehlen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a> · <a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Merton" title="Robert K. Merton">Merton</a> · <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a> · <a href="/wiki/C._Wright_Mills" title="C. Wright Mills">Mills</a> · <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bell" title="Daniel Bell">Bell</a> · <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schoeck" title="Helmut Schoeck">Schoeck</a> · <a href="/wiki/Erving_Goffman" title="Erving Goffman">Goffman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a> · <a href="/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann" title="Niklas Luhmann">Luhmann </a> · <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Baudrillard</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu" title="Pierre Bourdieu">Bourdieu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Giddens" title="Anthony Giddens">Giddens</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a 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<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/16px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/24px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sociology" title="Template:Sociology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sociology" title="Template talk:Sociology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sociology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sociology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>taboo</b>, also spelled <b>tabu</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Social_group" title="Social group">social group</a>'s ban, prohibition, or avoidance of something (usually an utterance or behavior) based on the group's sense that it is excessively repulsive, offensive, sacred, or allowed only for certain people.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such prohibitions are present in virtually all societies.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taboos may be prohibited explicitly, for example within a <a href="/wiki/Legal_system" title="Legal system">legal system</a> or <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, or implicitly, for example by <a href="/wiki/Social_norms" class="mw-redirect" title="Social norms">social norms</a> or <a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)" title="Convention (norm)">conventions</a> followed by a particular culture or organization. </p><p>Taboos are often meant to protect the individual, but there are other reasons for their development. An ecological or medical background is apparent in many, including some that are seen as religious or spiritual in origin. Taboos can help use a resource more efficiently, but when applied to only a subsection of the <a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">community</a> they can also serve to suppress said subsection of the community. A taboo acknowledged by a particular group or <a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribe</a> as part of their ways aids in the cohesion of the group, helps that particular group to stand out and maintain its identity in the face of others and therefore creates a feeling of "belonging".<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer-Rochow_2009_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer-Rochow_2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The meaning of the word <i>taboo</i> has been somewhat expanded in the <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social sciences</a> to strong prohibitions relating to any area of human activity or custom that is sacred or forbidden based on <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">moral judgment</a>, religious beliefs, or cultural <a href="/wiki/Norm_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Norm (sociology)">norms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer-Rochow_2009_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer-Rochow_2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English term <i>taboo</i> comes from <i><a href="/wiki/Tapu_(Polynesian_culture)" title="Tapu (Polynesian culture)">tapu</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic languages</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian languages</a>, with such meanings as "prohibited" or "forbidden". That root <i>tapu</i> is reflected, among others, by <a href="/wiki/Tongan_language" title="Tongan language">Tongan</a> or <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a> <i>tapu</i>, and by <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Kapu_(Hawaiian_culture)" title="Kapu (Hawaiian culture)">kapu</a></i>. Its English use dates to 1777 when the British explorer <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> visited <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, and referred to the <a href="/wiki/Tongans" title="Tongans">Tongans</a>' use of the term <i>taboo</i> for "any thing that is forbidden to be eaten, or made use of".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having invited some of the Tongan aristocracy to dinner aboard his ship, Cook wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Not one of them would sit down, or eat a bit of any thing. . . . On expressing my surprise at this, they were all taboo, as they said; which word has a very comprehensive meaning; but, in general, signifies that a thing is forbidden.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The term was translated to him as "consecrated, inviolable, forbidden, unclean or cursed".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECookKing1821_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECookKing1821-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Tapu</i> is usually treated as a unitary, non-<a href="/wiki/Compound_(linguistics)" title="Compound (linguistics)">compound</a> word inherited from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Polynesian_language" title="Proto-Polynesian language">Proto-Polynesian</a> *<i>tapu</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-POLLEX_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POLLEX-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also exists in other <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic languages</a> outside Polynesian, such as <a href="/wiki/Fijian_language" title="Fijian language">Fijian</a> <i>tabu</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Hiw_language" title="Hiw language">Hiw</a> (Vanuatu) <i>toq</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-POc_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Those words descend from an etymon *<i>tabu</i> in the ancestral <a href="/wiki/Proto-Oceanic_language" title="Proto-Oceanic language">Proto-Oceanic language</a>, whose meaning was <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_reconstruction" title="Linguistic reconstruction">reconstructed</a> as "forbidden, off limits; sacred, due to a sentiment of awe before spiritual forces".<sup id="cite_ref-POc_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its current use in Tongan, the word <i>tapu</i> means "sacred" or "holy", often in the sense of being restricted or protected by custom or law. On the main island, the word is often appended to the end of "Tonga" as <i>Tongatapu</i>, here meaning "Sacred South" rather than "Forbidden South". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Os_Filhos_de_Pindorama._Cannibalism_in_Brazil_in_1557.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Woodcut showing 12 people holding various human body parts carousing around an open bonfire where human body parts, suspended on a sling, are cooking." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Os_Filhos_de_Pindorama._Cannibalism_in_Brazil_in_1557.jpg/220px-Os_Filhos_de_Pindorama._Cannibalism_in_Brazil_in_1557.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Os_Filhos_de_Pindorama._Cannibalism_in_Brazil_in_1557.jpg/330px-Os_Filhos_de_Pindorama._Cannibalism_in_Brazil_in_1557.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Os_Filhos_de_Pindorama._Cannibalism_in_Brazil_in_1557.jpg/440px-Os_Filhos_de_Pindorama._Cannibalism_in_Brazil_in_1557.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3383" data-file-height="2780" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">Cannibalism</a>, Brazil. Engraving by <a href="/wiki/Theodor_de_Bry" title="Theodor de Bry">Theodor de Bry</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hans_Staden" title="Hans Staden">Hans Staden</a>'s account of his 1557 captivity.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> speculated that <a href="/wiki/Incest_taboo" title="Incest taboo">incest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patricide" title="Patricide">patricide</a> were the only two universal taboos that formed the basis of civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although <a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">cannibalism</a>, in-group <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">incest</a> are taboo in the majority of societies, exceptions can be found, such as marriages between brothers and sisters in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern Western societies do not condone such relationships. These familial sexual activities are criminalised, even if all parties are consenting adults. Through an analysis of the language surrounding <a href="/wiki/Laws_regarding_incest" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws regarding incest">these laws</a>, it can be seen how the policy makers, and society as a whole, find these acts to be immoral.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common taboos involve restrictions or ritual regulation of killing and hunting; sex and sexual relationships; reproduction; the <a href="/wiki/Taboo_on_the_dead" title="Taboo on the dead">dead</a> and their graves; as well as food and dining (primarily cannibalism and <a href="/wiki/Dietary_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary laws">dietary laws</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kashrut</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">halal</a></i>) or religious (<a href="/wiki/Treif" class="mw-redirect" title="Treif">treif</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">haram</a>). In <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, a strong code of taboos, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Fady_(taboo)" title="Fady (taboo)">fady</a></i>, constantly change and are formed from new experiences. Each region, village or tribe may have its own <i>fady</i>. </p><p>The word <i>taboo</i> gained popularity at times, with some scholars looking for ways to apply it where other English words had previously been applied. For example, <a href="/wiki/John_Merlin_Powis_Smith" title="John Merlin Powis Smith">J. M. Powis Smith</a>, in his book <i>The American Bible</i> (editor's preface 1927), used <i>taboo</i> occasionally in relation to Israel's <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a> and ceremonial laws, including <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2030:36&version=nrsv">Exodus 30:36</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2029:37&version=nrsv">Exodus 29:37</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Numbers%2016:37–38&version=nrsv">Numbers 16:37–38</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Deuteronomy%2022:9&version=nrsv">Deuteronomy 22:9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Isaiah%2065:5&version=nrsv">Isaiah 65:5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ezekiel%2044:19&version=nrsv">Ezekiel 44:19</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ezekiel%2046:20&version=nrsv">Ezekiel 46:20</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a> wrote a chapter about taboos of the people of Gabon. As an example, it was considered a misfortune for twins to be born, and they would be subject to many rules not incumbent on other people.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_religion_and_mythology">In religion and mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In religion and mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Joseph Campbell</a>, taboos are used in religion and mythology to <a href="/wiki/Hero%27s_journey#The_Road_of_Trials" title="Hero's journey">test</a> a person's ability to withhold from violating a prohibition given to them.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyman_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyman-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Should one fail the test and violate a taboo, they will be subsequently punished or face the consequences of their actions.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyman_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyman-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taboos are not societal prohibitions (such as incest); rather, the use of <i>taboo</i> in these stories relates to its original meaning of "prohibition": for example, a character could be prohibited from looking, eating, and speaking or <a href="/wiki/Word_taboo" title="Word taboo">uttering a certain word</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek">Greek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An example of an eating taboo in Greek mythology could be found in the tale of the <a href="/wiki/Persephone#Abduction_myth" title="Persephone">rape of Persephone</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a>, who had fallen in love with <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a> and wished to make her his queen, burst through a cleft in the earth and abducted Persephone as she was gathering flowers in a field.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a>, Persephone's mother, finds out of her daughter's abduction, she forbids the earth to produce (or she neglects the earth) and, in the depth of her despair, causes nothing to grow. <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>, pressed by the cries of the hungry people and by the other <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">deities</a> who also heard their anguish, forced Hades to return Persephone.<sup id="cite_ref-Theoi_Project_-_Persephone_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Theoi_Project_-_Persephone-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was explained to Demeter that Persephone would be released, so long as she did not taste the food of the dead. Hades complies with the request to return Persephone to Demeter, but first, he tricks Persephone, forcing her to break the eating taboo by giving her some <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">pomegranate</a> seeds to eat.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other interpretations, Persephone is seen eating the pomegranate seeds as a result of temptation or hunger. In the end, Hermes is sent to retrieve her but, because she had tasted the food of the underworld, she was obliged to spend a third of each year (the winter months) there, and the remaining part of the year with the gods above.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the later writers Ovid and Hyginus, Persephone's time in the underworld becomes half the year.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most notable <a href="/wiki/Looking_taboo" title="Looking taboo">looking taboo</a> in Greek myth can be found in the story of <a href="/wiki/Orpheus_and_Eurydice" title="Orpheus and Eurydice">Orpheus and Eurydice</a>. <a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>, was well-renowned as a legendary musician whose music could move anything and everything, living or not, in the world. While walking among her people in tall grass at her wedding, <a href="/wiki/Eurydice" title="Eurydice">Eurydice</a> was set upon by a <a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">satyr</a>. In her efforts to escape the satyr, Eurydice fell into a nest of vipers and suffered a fatal bite on her heel. Her body was discovered by Orpheus who, overcome with grief, played such sad and mournful songs that all the humans, <a href="/wiki/Nymphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Nymphs">nymphs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures#Immortals" title="List of Greek mythological figures">gods</a> learnt about his sorrow and grief and wept with him. On the gods' advice, Orpheus traveled to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Underworld</a> wherein his music softened the hearts of Hades and Persephone, who agreed to allow Eurydice to return with him to earth on one condition: he should guide her out and not look back until they both had reached the upper world. As he reached the upper world, Orpheus looked back toward Eurydice in his eagerness to reunite with her, tragically forgetting about the looking taboo given to him by Hades, and since Eurydice had not crossed into the upper world, she vanishes back into the Underworld, this time forever. </p><p>A speaking taboo in Greek myth can be found in the story of <a href="/wiki/Anchises" title="Anchises">Anchises</a>, the father of the <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Trojan</a> <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">warrior</a> <a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> had fallen in love with the mortal Anchises after Zeus persuaded <a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a> to shoot her with an arrow to cause these emergent feelings.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One interpretation recounts that Aphrodite pretended to be a <a href="/wiki/Phrygians" title="Phrygians">Phrygian</a> princess and seduced him, only to later reveal herself as a goddess and inform Anchises that she will bear him a son named Aeneas and warns him not to tell anyone that he lay with a goddess. Anchises does not heed this speaking taboo and later brags about his encounter with Aphrodite, and as a result, he is struck in the foot with a <a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt#In_religion_and_mythology" title="Thunderbolt">thunderbolt</a> by Zeus. Thereafter, he is lame in that foot so that Aeneas has to carry him from the flames of Troy.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another, albeit lesser-known, speaking taboo in Greek myth can be found in the story of <a href="/wiki/Actaeon" title="Actaeon">Actaeon</a>. Actaeon, whilst on a hunting trip in the woods, mistakenly and haplessly happened upon the bathing <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Artemis realized that Actaeon had seen her undressed, thus desecrating her <a href="/wiki/Artemis#Virginity" title="Artemis">chastity</a>, she punished him for his luckless profanation of her virginity's mystery by forbidding him from speech.<sup id="cite_ref-Coulter-Harris_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coulter-Harris-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Conner_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conner-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether it be due to forgetfulness or outright resistance, Actaeon defied his speaking taboo and called for <a href="/wiki/Actaeon#Names_of_dogs" title="Actaeon">his hunting dogs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Coulter-Harris_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coulter-Harris-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Conner_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conner-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to his failure in abiding by his speaking taboo, Artemis turned Actaeon into a stag and turned his dogs upon him. Actaeon was torn apart and ravaged by his loyal dogs who did not recognize their former master. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abrahamic">Abrahamic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Abrahamic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Possibly the most famous eating taboo (if not taboo, in general) is in the story of <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian" title="Judeo-Christian">Judeo-Christian</a> telling, found in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0103.htm#1">Genesis 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a> are placed in the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a> by God and are told not to eat from a tree lest they die,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Eve is promptly tempted by a <a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible#Eden" title="Serpents in the Bible">serpent</a> (often identified as <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> in disguise) to eat from the <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_the_knowledge_of_good_and_evil" title="Tree of the knowledge of good and evil">Tree of the knowledge of good and evil</a> because they will surely not die,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rather, they might become "like <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eve violates the eating taboo and eats from the <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit#Biblical_Story" title="Forbidden fruit">forbidden fruit</a> of the tree, shortly giving some fruit to her companion, Adam.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After eating the forbidden fruit, Adam and Eve are aware of their nakedness and cover themselves with fig leaves and hide from God.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> God realizes that they are hiding and interrogates them about having eaten from the tree whereupon Adam assigns the blame to Eve and Eve assigns it to the serpent.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, God condemns Eve with pain in childbirth and subordination to her husband, he condemns Adam to have to labor on the earth for his food and be reduced into the earth at death, and in the Christian tradition, he condemns all of humanity for this <a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">original sin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins2014unpaginated_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2014unpaginated-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> God then expels Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden lest they eat from the <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(biblical)" title="Tree of life (biblical)">Tree of Life</a> and become immortal "like Him".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, the story of <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve#Islam" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a> is quite different, though it contains an eating taboo: the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> mentions that <a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><b>آدم</b></span></span>), as the successive authority of earth by decree of Allah, is placed in a paradisal garden (not <a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a> nor the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> therein along with <a href="/wiki/Eve#Islam" title="Eve">his wife</a> (unnamed in the Quran, though the <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a> gives her the name Ḥawwā’, Arabic: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><b>حواء</b></span></span>);<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such a paradise this garden was, that they would never go hungry nor unclothed,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nor would they ever thirst or be exposed to the sun's heat.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allah took a promise from Adam:<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>˹Allah said,˺ “O Adam! Live with your wife in Paradise and eat from wherever you please, but do not approach this tree, or else you will be wrongdoers.”</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Al-A%27raf" title="Al-A'raf">Surah Al-A'raf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/7?startingVerse=19">7:19</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblis</a>, angered at his expulsion from Jannah for refusing to bow to Adam at his inception, decided to trick Adam and his wife into being shunned by Allah, just as he was. Allah had warned Adam and his wife about Iblis, telling them that he was a "clear enemy".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iblis <a href="/wiki/Oath#Islamic_tradition" title="Oath">swore</a> in the name of Allah that he was their sincere advisor, revealed unto Adam and his wife each other's nakedness, and convinced them to eat from the forbidden tree so that they may never taste death.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After eating from the tree (thus breaking the eating taboo), Allah removes Adam and his wife from their paradisal garden, telling them that mankind will be condemned with some being enemies with others on the earth wherein they will be provided habitation and provision, for a while,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and “There you will live, there you will die, and from there you will be resurrected.”<sup>[Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/7?startingVerse=25">7:25</a>]</sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostic</a> telling of this story, the taboo is a plot by the <a href="/wiki/Archon_(Gnosticism)" title="Archon (Gnosticism)">archons</a> to keep Adam in a state of ignorance by preventing him from eating the fruit, which allows him to attain <a href="/wiki/Gnosis#Gnosticism" title="Gnosis">gnosis</a> after the serpent, who is viewed as representative of the <a href="/wiki/Pleroma#Gnosticism" title="Pleroma">divine world</a>, convinces him and Eve to eat it.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Looking_taboo" title="Looking taboo">looking taboo</a> can be found in the Judeo-Christian telling of the story of <a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a> found within the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a>. In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0119.htm#1">Genesis 19</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Angels#christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Angels">angels</a> in the form of men arrived in <a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom</a> at eventide and were invited by Lot to spend the night at his home. The men of Sodom were exceedingly wicked and demanded Lot that he bring his two guests out so that they might "know" them; instead, Lot offered up his two daughters, who had not "known" man, but they refused. As dawn was breaking, Lot's visiting angels urged him to get his family and flee, so as to avoid being caught in the impending disaster for the iniquity of the city. The command was given, "Flee for your life! Do not look behind you, nor stop anywhere in the Plain; flee to the hills, lest you be swept away."<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 465">: 465 </span></sup> Whilst fleeing, <a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_wife" title="Lot's wife">Lot's wife</a> broke the looking taboo by turning to look back at the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah and was turned into a pillar of salt as punishment for disobeying the angels' warning.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 466">: 466 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Materialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Materialist">materialist</a> theorists have argued that taboos can be used to reveal the histories of societies when other records are lacking.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Harris" title="Marvin Harris">Marvin Harris</a> explains taboos as a consequence of ecologic and economic conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modernity">Modernity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modernity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some argue that contemporary Western <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multicultural</a> societies have taboos against <a href="/wiki/Tribalism" title="Tribalism">tribalisms</a> (for example, <a href="/wiki/Ethnocentrism" title="Ethnocentrism">ethnocentrism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">prejudices</a> (<a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">homophobia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extremism" title="Extremism">extremism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religious_fanaticism" title="Religious fanaticism">religious fanaticism</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Putnam,_Robert_D._2007_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Putnam,_Robert_D._2007-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Changing social customs and standards also create new taboos, such as bans on <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">slavery</a>; extension of the <a href="/wiki/Pedophilia" title="Pedophilia">pedophilia</a> taboo to <a href="/wiki/Ephebophilia" title="Ephebophilia">ephebophilia</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-www.usccb.org_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.usccb.org-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prohibitions on <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">alcohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smoking_ban" title="Smoking ban">tobacco</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of drugs">psychopharmaceutical</a> consumption (particularly among <a href="/wiki/Prenatal_exposure" class="mw-redirect" title="Prenatal exposure">pregnant women</a>), also <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">sexual objectification</a> are increasingly becoming taboo in recent decades. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a> itself has been pulled both ways, with some seeking to normalize consensual adult relationships regardless of the degree of <a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">kinship</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (notably in Europe)<sup id="cite_ref-spiegel_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiegel-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abcnightline_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnightline-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others expanding the degrees of prohibited contact (notably in the <a href="/wiki/Laws_regarding_incest_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws regarding incest in the United States">United States</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the term <i>taboo</i> usually implies negative connotations, it is sometimes associated with enticing propositions in proverbs such as <i>forbidden fruit is the sweetest</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In medicine, professionals who practice in ethical and moral <a href="/wiki/Loophole" title="Loophole">grey areas</a>, or fields subject to <a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">social stigma</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Late_termination_of_pregnancy" title="Late termination of pregnancy">late termination of pregnancy</a>, may refrain from public discussion of their practice. Among other reasons, this taboo may come from concern that comments may be taken out of the appropriate context and used to make ill-informed policy decisions that would lead to (otherwise preventable) <a href="/wiki/Maternal_death" title="Maternal death">maternal death</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anathema" title="Anathema">Anathema</a> – A term for something or someone hated or banned</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deviance_(sociology)" title="Deviance (sociology)">Deviance</a> – Action or behavior that violates social norms</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desecration_of_graves" class="mw-redirect" title="Desecration of graves">Desecration of graves</a> – Act of vandalism to dishonour the dead<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic violence</a> – Abuse of members of the same household</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette" title="Etiquette">Etiquette</a> – Customary code of polite behaviour</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_drink_prohibitions" title="Food and drink prohibitions">Food and drink prohibitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geas" title="Geas">Geas</a> – Mythological taboo or vow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_performance" title="Identity performance">Identity performance</a> – social concept<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">Morality</a> – Differentiation between right and wrong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">Naming taboo</a> – Cultural taboo in the Chinese cultural sphere</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">Obscenity</a> – Act or statement that offends the morality of the period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profanity" title="Profanity">Profanity</a> – Socially offensive form of language</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">Public morality</a> – Differentiating wrong and right as applied to the people</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_ethics" title="Sexual ethics">Sexual ethics</a> – Study of ethical conduct in sexual behavior</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_norms" class="mw-redirect" title="Social norms">Social norms</a> – Informal understanding of acceptable conduct<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a> – Type of discrimination or disapproval</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_violence" title="Structural violence">Structural violence</a> – Form of violence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taboo_on_rulers" title="Taboo on rulers">Taboo on rulers</a> – Rules about monarchs causing bad luck</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taboo_on_the_dead" title="Taboo on the dead">Taboo on the dead</a> – Cultural practice regarding the dead</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgarity" title="Vulgarity">Vulgarity</a> – Quality of being common, coarse, or unrefined</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_taboo" title="Word taboo">Word taboo</a> – Taboo involving restrictions on language</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/579821/taboo">Taboo</a>". Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Retrieved 21 Mar. 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/taboo">taboo</a>". <i>Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary</i>, 11th Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meyer-Rochow_2009-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meyer-Rochow_2009_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyer-Rochow_2009_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMeyer-Rochow2009" class="citation journal cs1">Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2711054">"Food taboos: their origins and purposes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Ethnobiology_and_Ethnomedicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine">Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</a></i>. <b>5–18</b>: 18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1746-4269-5-18">10.1186/1746-4269-5-18</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2711054">2711054</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19563636">19563636</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ethnobiology+and+Ethnomedicine&rft.atitle=Food+taboos%3A+their+origins+and+purposes&rft.volume=5%E2%80%9318&rft.pages=18&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2711054%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19563636&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1746-4269-5-18&rft.aulast=Meyer-Rochow&rft.aufirst=Victor+Benno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2711054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span> This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC by 2.0)</a> license.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCookKing1821">Cook & King 1821</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h6UFAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA462">462</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCookKing1821">Cook & King 1821</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h6UFAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA348">348</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECookKing1821-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECookKing1821_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCookKing1821">Cook & King 1821</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=taboo&searchmode=none">taboo</a>". <a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/taboo">"Online dictionary"</a>. Lexico Publishing Group, LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+dictionary&rft.pub=Lexico+Publishing+Group%2C+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Ftaboo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-POLLEX-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-POLLEX_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiggs" class="citation web cs1">Biggs, Bruce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pollex.eva.mpg.de/entry/tapu/">"Entries for TAPU [OC] Prohibited, under ritual restriction, taboo"</a>. <i>Polynesian Lexicon Project Online</i>. University of Auckland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polynesian+Lexicon+Project+Online&rft.atitle=Entries+for+TAPU+%5BOC%5D+Prohibited%2C+under+ritual+restriction%2C+taboo&rft.aulast=Biggs&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpollex.eva.mpg.de%2Fentry%2Ftapu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon1988" class="citation book cs1">Dixon, Robert M. W. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7v2Beyc5YgC&q=tabu+meaning+Fijian&pg=PA368"><i>A Grammar of Boumaa Fijian</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 368. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-15429-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-15429-9"><bdi>978-0-226-15429-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Boumaa+Fijian&rft.pages=368&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-226-15429-9&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY7v2Beyc5YgC%26q%3Dtabu%2Bmeaning%2BFijian%26pg%3DPA368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-POc-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-POc_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-POc_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="tabu" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Alexandre François">François, Alexandre</a> (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2022_Awesome-Forces_Tabu_Vanuatu_OceanicLinguistics.pdf">"Awesome forces and warning signs: Charting the semantic history of *tabu words in Vanuatu"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Oceanic Linguistics</i>. <b>61</b> (1): 212–255. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fol.2022.0017">10.1353/ol.2022.0017</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1527-9421">1527-9421</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240387414">240387414</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Kenyon College: 456. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4333071">4333071</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Kenyon+Review&rft.atitle=Myth%2C+Ritual%2C+and+Nonsense&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=456&rft.date=1949&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4333071%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hyman&rft.aufirst=Stanley+Edgar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandbank2004" class="citation book cs1">Sandbank, Shimon (2004-09-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IFlbDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA297">"The Look Back: Lot's Wife, Kafka, Blanchot"</a>. In Mark H. Gelber (ed.). <i>Kafka, Zionism, and Beyond</i>. Conditio Judaica. Vol. 50 (reprint 2014 ed.). De Gruyter. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3110934191" title="Special:BookSources/3110934191"><bdi>3110934191</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Look+Back%3A+Lot%27s+Wife%2C+Kafka%2C+Blanchot&rft.btitle=Kafka%2C+Zionism%2C+and+Beyond&rft.series=Conditio+Judaica&rft.pages=299&rft.edition=reprint+2014&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2004-09-28&rft.isbn=3110934191&rft.aulast=Sandbank&rft.aufirst=Shimon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIFlbDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Homeric Hymn to Demeter</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=HH+2+4">4–20</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=HH+2+414">414–434</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Theoi_Project_-_Persephone-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Theoi_Project_-_Persephone_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Khthonios/Persephone.html">"Theoi Project – Persephone"</a>. Theoi.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theoi+Project+%E2%80%93+Persephone&rft.pub=Theoi.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theoi.com%2FKhthonios%2FPersephone.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymns" title="Homeric Hymns">Homeric Hymn to Demeter</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0013.tlg002.perseus-eng1:398-448">411–412</a>, has Persephone tell Demeter: "he secretly put in my mouth sweet food, a pomegranate seed, and forced me to taste against my will." Gantz, p. 65 describes this as a "trick".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gantz, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gantz, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roman, L., & Roman, M. (2010). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tOgWfjNIxoMC&pg=PA59">Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman mythology.</a></i>, p. 59, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirgil1910" class="citation book cs1">Virgil (1910). "Book II". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Verg.+A.+2.714-715&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0054"><i><span></span></i>Aeneid<i><span></span></i></a>. Translated by Williams, Theodore C. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin Co.">Houghton Mifflin Co.</a> Lines 714–715.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+II&rft.btitle=Aeneid&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=Lines+714-715&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Co.&rft.date=1910&rft.au=Virgil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DVerg.%2BA.%2B2.714-715%26fromdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.02.0054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Callimachus, <i>Hymn v</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Callimachus gives no site: a glen in the foothills of <a href="/wiki/Cithaeron" title="Cithaeron">Mount Cithaeron</a> near Boeotian <a href="/wiki/Orchomenus_(Boeotia)" title="Orchomenus (Boeotia)">Orchomenus</a>, is the site according to <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bacchae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacchae">Bacchae</a></i> 1290–92, a spring sanctuary near <a href="/wiki/Plataea" title="Plataea">Plataea</a> is specified elsewhere.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coulter-Harris-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coulter-Harris_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coulter-Harris_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoulter-Harris2016" class="citation book cs1">Coulter-Harris, Deborah M. (2016-07-29). "Ancient Greece: Defining Immortality in an Age of Gods and Mortals". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eNPIDAAAQBAJ"><i>Chasing Immortality in World Religions</i></a>. McFarland Inc. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786497928" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786497928"><bdi>978-0786497928</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ancient+Greece%3A+Defining+Immortality+in+an+Age+of+Gods+and+Mortals&rft.btitle=Chasing+Immortality+in+World+Religions&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=McFarland+Inc.&rft.date=2016-07-29&rft.isbn=978-0786497928&rft.aulast=Coulter-Harris&rft.aufirst=Deborah+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeNPIDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conner-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Conner_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conner_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConner2010" class="citation book cs1">Conner, Nancy (2010-02-10). "Artemis: The Thrill of the Hunt". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gsSnDgAAQBAJ"><i>The Everything Classical Mythology Book: Greek and Roman Gods, Goddesses, Heroes, and Monsters from Ares to Zeus</i></a>. Adams Media. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1440502408" title="Special:BookSources/978-1440502408"><bdi>978-1440502408</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Artemis%3A+The+Thrill+of+the+Hunt&rft.btitle=The+Everything+Classical+Mythology+Book%3A+Greek+and+Roman+Gods%2C+Goddesses%2C+Heroes%2C+and+Monsters+from+Ares+to+Zeus&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Adams+Media&rft.date=2010-02-10&rft.isbn=978-1440502408&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgsSnDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#3:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">3:3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#3:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">3:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#3:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">3:5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#3:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">3:6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#3:7" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">3:7–8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#3:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">3:9–13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#3:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">3:16–19</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2014unpaginated-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins2014unpaginated_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins2014">Collins 2014</a>, p. unpaginated.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#3:22" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">3:22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vn0eMv3VTIM"><span class="plainlinks">‎ما هي الجنة التي أنزل الله منها سيدنا آدم عليه السلام – ‎الشيخ الشعراوي</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/2?startingVerse=30">2:30</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/2?startingVerse=35">2:35</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/20?startingVerse=118">20:118</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/20?startingVerse=119">20:119</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/20?startingVerse=115">20:115</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/2?startingVerse=208&translations=20">2:208</a> <sup>-<a href="/wiki/Sahih_International" title="Sahih International">Sahih International</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/20?startingVerse=117">20:117</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/7?startingVerse=20">7:20–21</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/20?startingVerse=120">20:120</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/7?startingVerse=22">7:22–24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/20?startingVerse=123">20:123</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossbach2019" class="citation book cs1">Rossbach, Stefan (August 7, 2019) [1999]. <i>Gnostic Wars</i>. <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781474472180" title="Special:BookSources/9781474472180"><bdi>9781474472180</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gnostic+Wars&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2019-08-07&rft.isbn=9781474472180&rft.aulast=Rossbach&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwartz-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2004" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Howard (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=60iVk1p8Y9IC&q=Lot%27s+wife&pg=PA466"><i>Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195358704" title="Special:BookSources/9780195358704"><bdi>9780195358704</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tree+of+Souls%3A+The+Mythology+of+Judaism&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780195358704&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D60iVk1p8Y9IC%26q%3DLot%2527s%2Bwife%26pg%3DPA466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#19:26" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">19:26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarta_DyczokOxana_Gaman-Golutvina2009" class="citation book cs1">Marta Dyczok; Oxana Gaman-Golutvina (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=meUcrEBRpgMC"><i>Media, Democracy and Freedom: The Post-Communist Experience</i></a>. 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Putnam">Putnam, Robert D.</a> (June 2007). "<i>E Pluribus Unum</i>: Diversity and community in the twenty-first century". <i><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Political_Studies" title="Scandinavian Political Studies">Scandinavian Political Studies</a></i>. <b>30</b> (2): 137–174. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9477.2007.00176.x">10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00176.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14234366">14234366</a>. <a href="/wiki/Johan_Skytte_Prize_in_Political_Science" title="Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science">The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Political+Studies&rft.atitle=E+Pluribus+Unum%3A+Diversity+and+community+in+the+twenty-first+century&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=137-174&rft.date=2007-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-9477.2007.00176.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A14234366%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Putnam&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.usccb.org-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-www.usccb.org_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Berlin" class="citation web cs1">S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=German+High+Court+Takes+a+Look+at+Incest&rft.date=2008-03-11&rft.aulast=Hipp&rft.aufirst=Dietmar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2F0%2C1518%2C540831%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abcnightline-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abcnightline_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonaldson_James" class="citation news cs1">Donaldson James, Susan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Health/switzerland-considers-legalizing-consensual-incest-columbia-professor-accused/story?id=12395499">"Professor Accused of Incest With Daughter"</a>. <i>ABC Nightline</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Infant Ape and Human Child: (Instincts, Emotions, Play, Habits)." Journal of Russian & East European Psychology 38.1 (2000): 5–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2008" class="citation journal cs1">Harris, Lisa (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.tcu.edu/staff/bellinger/abortion/Harris.pdf">"Second Trimester Abortion Provision: Breaking the Silence and Changing the Discourse"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Reproductive Health Matters</i>. <b>16</b> (31): 74–81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0968-8080%2808%2931396-2">10.1016/S0968-8080(08)31396-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18772087">18772087</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24915723">24915723</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Health+Matters&rft.atitle=Second+Trimester+Abortion+Provision%3A+Breaking+the+Silence+and+Changing+the+Discourse&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=31&rft.pages=74-81&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24915723%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18772087&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0968-8080%2808%2931396-2&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flib.tcu.edu%2Fstaff%2Fbellinger%2Fabortion%2FHarris.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Donnell,_JennyWeitz,_TracyFreedman,_Lori2011" class="citation journal cs1">O'Donnell, Jenny; Weitz, Tracy; Freedman, Lori (November 2011). "Resistance and vulnerability to stigmatization in abortion work". <i><a href="/wiki/Social_Science_and_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Science and Medicine">Social Science and Medicine</a></i>. <b>73</b> (9): 1357–1364. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.socscimed.2011.08.019">10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.08.019</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21940082">21940082</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Resistance+and+vulnerability+to+stigmatization+in+abortion+work&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1357-1364&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.socscimed.2011.08.019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21940082&rft.au=O%27Donnell%2C+Jenny&rft.au=Weitz%2C+Tracy&rft.au=Freedman%2C+Lori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2014" class="citation book cs1">Collins, C. John (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QzDaBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT12">"Adam and Eve in the Old Testament"</a>. In Reeves, Michael R. E.; Madueme, Hans (eds.). <i>Adam, the Fall, and Original Sin: Theological, Biblical, and Scientific Perspectives</i>. Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781441246417" title="Special:BookSources/9781441246417"><bdi>9781441246417</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adam+and+Eve+in+the+Old+Testament&rft.btitle=Adam%2C+the+Fall%2C+and+Original+Sin%3A+Theological%2C+Biblical%2C+and+Scientific+Perspectives&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781441246417&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=C.+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQzDaBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookKing1821" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">Cook, James</a>; King, James (1821). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F0M-AAAAYAAJ"><i>A voyage to the Pacific Ocean: undertaken by command of His Majesty, for making discoveries in the Northern Hemisphere : performed under the direction of Captains Cook, Clerke, and Gore : in the years 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, and 1780 : being a copious, comprehensive, and satisfactory abridgement of the voyage</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+voyage+to+the+Pacific+Ocean%3A+undertaken+by+command+of+His+Majesty%2C+for+making+discoveries+in+the+Northern+Hemisphere+%3A+performed+under+the+direction+of+Captains+Cook%2C+Clerke%2C+and+Gore+%3A+in+the+years+1776%2C+1777%2C+1778%2C+1779%2C+and+1780+%3A+being+a+copious%2C+comprehensive%2C+and+satisfactory+abridgement+of+the+voyage&rft.date=1821&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=King%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF0M-AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span> Printed for Champante and Whitrow ... and M. Watson; 1793.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1728–1779" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">Cook, James</a> (1728–1779). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h6UFAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Three Voyages of Captain James Cook Round the World</i></a>. Vol. 5. London: A&E Spottiswoode.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Voyages+of+Captain+James+Cook+Round+the+World&rft.place=London&rft.pub=A%26E+Spottiswoode&rft.date=1728%2F1779&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh6UFAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Northcote_W._Thomas" title="Northcote W. Thomas">Thomas, Northcote Whitridge</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Taboo"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Taboo">"Taboo" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). pp. 337–341.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Taboo&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=337-341&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Northcote+Whitridge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaboo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superstitions" title="List of superstitions">List of superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lucky_symbols" title="List of lucky symbols">List of lucky symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bad_luck_signs" title="List of bad luck signs">List of bad luck signs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailors%27_superstitions" title="Sailors' superstitions">Sailors' superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_superstitions" title="Theatrical superstitions">Theatrical superstitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Ethiopia" title="Superstition in Ethiopia">Superstition in Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_(folklore)" title="Buda (folklore)">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gris-gris_(talisman)" title="Gris-gris (talisman)">Gris-gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampy" title="Sampy">Sampy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_child" title="Sleeping child">Sleeping child</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ascalapha_odorata" title="Ascalapha odorata">Ascalapha odorata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Triangle" title="Bermuda Triangle">Bermuda Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_Latin_America" title="Witchcraft in Latin America">Brujería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carranca" title="Carranca">Carranca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooties" title="Cooties">Cooties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Tippecanoe" title="Curse of Tippecanoe">Curse of Tippecanoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curupira" title="Curupira">Curupira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djucu" title="Djucu">Djucu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_cookie" title="Fortune cookie">Fortune cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundhog_Day" title="Groundhog Day">Groundhog Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27noGo_tied" title="I'noGo tied">I'noGo tied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_love_curse" title="Oscar love curse">Oscar love curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susto" title="Susto">Susto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veve" title="Veve">Veve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_lighter_myth" title="White lighter myth">White lighter myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_window" title="Witch window">Witch window</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_India" title="Superstition in India">Superstition in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Pakistan" title="Superstition in Pakistan">Superstition in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_the_Philippines" title="Superstition in the Philippines">Superstition in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_superstitions" title="Japanese superstitions">Japanese superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Korea" title="Superstition in Korea">Superstition in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoot_(ghost)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhoot (ghost)"><i>Bhoot</i> (ghost)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaupadi" title="Chhaupadi">Chhaupadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churel" title="Churel">Churel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Bengali_culture" title="Ghosts in Bengali culture">Ghosts in Bengali culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackal%27s_horn" title="Jackal's horn">Jackal's horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuai_Kuai_culture" title="Kuai Kuai culture">Kuai Kuai culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhurta" title="Muhurta">Muhurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratna" title="Navaratna">Navaratna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazar_(amulet)" title="Nazar (amulet)">Nazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazar_battu" title="Nazar battu">Nazar battu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pichal_Peri" title="Pichal Peri">Pichal Peri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppy_pregnancy_syndrome" title="Puppy pregnancy syndrome">Puppy pregnancy syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akabeko" title="Akabeko">Akabeko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanai_Anzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanai Anzen">Kanai Anzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneki-neko" title="Maneki-neko">Maneki-neko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okiagari-koboshi" title="Okiagari-koboshi">Okiagari-koboshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofuda" title="Ofuda">Ofuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omamori" title="Omamori">Omamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_death" title="Fan death">Fan death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">Feng shui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agimat" title="Agimat">Agimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albularyo" title="Albularyo">Albularyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_the_Philippines" title="Witchcraft in the Philippines">Barang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulam">Kulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihi" title="Lihi">Lihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagtatawas" title="Pagtatawas">Pagtatawas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasma" title="Pasma">Pasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usog" title="Usog">Usog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuman_Thong" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuman Thong">Kuman Thong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palad_khik" title="Palad khik">Palad khik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takrut" title="Takrut">Takrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nang_Kwak" title="Nang Kwak">Nang Kwak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastu_shastra" title="Vastu shastra">Vastu shastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_elephant_(animal)" title="White elephant (animal)">White elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chan" title="Jin Chan">Jin Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_numerology" title="Chinese numerology">Numbers in Chinese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantra_cloth" title="Yantra cloth">Yantra cloth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_curse" title="August curse">August curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_macaques_in_Gibraltar" title="Barbary macaques in Gibraltar">Barbary macaques in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayern-luck" title="Bayern-luck">Bayern-luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blarney_Stone" title="Blarney Stone">Blarney Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimaruta" title="Cimaruta">Cimaruta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornicello" title="Cornicello">Cornicello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Goodman%27s_Croft" title="The Goodman's Croft">The Goodman's Croft</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himmelsbrief" title="Himmelsbrief">Himmelsbrief</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_magical_staves" title="Icelandic magical staves">Icelandic magical staves</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_bocca_al_lupo" title="In bocca al lupo">In bocca al lupo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_witch" title="Kitchen witch">Kitchen witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klabautermann" title="Klabautermann">Klabautermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mooncalf" title="Mooncalf">Mooncalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Need-fire" title="Need-fire">Need-fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_painted_pebbles" title="Scottish painted pebbles">Painted pebbles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_of_sympathy" title="Powder of sympathy">Powder of sympathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_rabbit_rabbit" title="Rabbit rabbit rabbit">Rabbit rabbit rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravens_of_the_Tower_of_London" title="Ravens of the Tower of London">Ravens of the Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_traditions_and_superstitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian traditions and superstitions">Russian traditions and superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Superstition in Britain">Superstition in Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Serbia" title="Superstition in Serbia">Superstition in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilling_water_for_luck" title="Spilling water for luck">Spilling water for luck</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scottish_Play" title="The Scottish Play">The Scottish Play</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troll_cross" title="Troll cross">Troll cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe_days" title="Tycho Brahe days">Tycho Brahe days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_post" title="Witch post">Witch post</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolfssegen" title="Wolfssegen">Wolfssegen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1" title="1">1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ace_of_spades" title="Ace of spades">Ace of spades</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3" title="3">3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Three_on_a_match" title="Three on a match">Three on a match</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4" title="4">4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Four-leaf_clover" title="Four-leaf clover">Four-leaf clover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetraphobia" title="Tetraphobia">tetraphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7" title="7">7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seventh_son_of_a_seventh_son" title="Seventh son of a seventh son">Seventh son of a seventh son</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11:11_(numerology)" title="11:11 (numerology)">11:11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_(number)#Luck" title="13 (number)">13</a> (<a href="/wiki/Friday_the_13th" title="Friday the 13th">Friday the 13th</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Thirteen_Club" title="The Thirteen Club">The Thirteen Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_floor" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth floor">thirteenth floor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triskaidekaphobia" title="Triskaidekaphobia">triskaidekaphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_(number)#In_other_fields" title="17 (number)">17</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heptadecaphobia" title="Heptadecaphobia">Heptadecaphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_(number)" title="27 (number)">27</a> (<a href="/wiki/27_Club" title="27 Club">27 Club</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/39_(number)" title="39 (number)">39</a> (<a href="/wiki/Curse_of_39" title="Curse of 39">Curse of 39</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/666_(number)" title="666 (number)">666</a> (<a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the Beast</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auspicious_wedding_dates" title="Auspicious wedding dates">Auspicious wedding dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_superstition" title="Baseball superstition">Baseball superstition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beginner%27s_luck" title="Beginner's luck">Beginner's luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">Black cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_and_butter_(superstition)" title="Bread and butter (superstition)">Bread and butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_a_leg" title="Break a leg">Break a leg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullroarer" title="Bullroarer">Bullroarer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_letter" title="Chain letter">Chain letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramp-ring" title="Cramp-ring">Cramp-ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse" title="Curse">Curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Jones%27_Locker" class="mw-redirect" title="Davy Jones' Locker">Davy Jones' Locker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_man%27s_hand" title="Dead man's hand">Dead man's hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End-of-the-day_betting_effect" title="End-of-the-day betting effect">End-of-the-day betting effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_frogs" title="Fear of frogs">Fear of frogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_ghosts" title="Fear of ghosts">Fear of ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertility_rite" title="Fertility rite">Fertility rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-foot" title="First-foot">First-foot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flying_Dutchman" title="Flying Dutchman">Flying Dutchman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_eleven_forty-four" title="Four eleven forty-four">Four eleven forty-four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambler%27s_conceit" title="Gambler's conceit">Gambler's conceit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lucky_symbols" title="List of lucky symbols">Good luck charm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">Human sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinx" title="Jinx">Jinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse" title="Curse">Hex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knocking_on_wood" title="Knocking on wood">Knocking on wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_contagion" title="Law of contagion">Law of contagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literomancy" title="Literomancy">Literomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_of_hair" title="Lock of hair">Lock of hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_impression" title="Maternal impression">Maternal impression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miasma_theory" title="Miasma theory">Miasma theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_(cricket)" title="Nelson (cricket)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerophobia" title="Numerophobia">Numerophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatic_charm" title="Numismatic charm">Numismatic charm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny" title="Penny">Penny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit%27s_foot" title="Rabbit's foot">Rabbit's foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainmaking_(ritual)" title="Rainmaking (ritual)">Rainmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_sponsor" title="Ship sponsor">Ship sponsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoes_on_a_table" title="Shoes on a table">Shoes on a table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_horns" title="Sign of the horns">Sign of the horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Something_old" title="Something old">Something old</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilling_salt" title="Spilling salt">Spilling salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_rubbing" title="Statue rubbing">Statue rubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_(door)" class="mw-redirect" title="Threshold (door)">Threshold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toi_toi_toi" title="Toi toi toi">Toi toi toi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishing_well" title="Wishing well">Wishing well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_ball" title="Witch ball">Witch ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witching_hour" title="Witching hour">Witching hour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apophenia" title="Apophenia">Apophenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coincidence" title="Coincidence">Coincidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debunker" title="Debunker">Debunker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_and_religion" title="Magic and religion">Magic and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_thinking" title="Magical thinking">Magical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder" title="Obsessive–compulsive disorder">Obsessive–compulsive disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perceptions_of_religious_imagery_in_natural_phenomena" title="Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena">Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc" title="Post hoc ergo propter hoc">Post hoc ergo propter hoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questionable_cause" title="Questionable cause">Questionable cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Judaism" title="Superstition in Judaism">Superstition in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstitions_in_Muslim_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Superstitions in Muslim societies">Superstitions in Muslim societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171180#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171180#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171180#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1141792/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4058861-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Taboo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85131822">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13319099c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13319099c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="タブー"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572489">Japan</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="tabu"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph126408&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX526400">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007555922105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02782084X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved 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