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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Writing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Narrative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Narrative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Narrative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Narrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Essays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Essays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Essays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Essays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Episodes_in_omnibus_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Episodes_in_omnibus_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Episodes in omnibus films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Episodes_in_omnibus_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Documentaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Political views</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political views subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_the_Italian_Communist_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_the_Italian_Communist_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Relationship with the Italian Communist Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_the_Italian_Communist_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-fascism_and_1968_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-fascism_and_1968_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Anti-fascism and 1968 protests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-fascism_and_1968_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rising_society_of_consumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rising_society_of_consumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Rising society of consumption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rising_society_of_consumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strong_criticism_of_Christian_Democracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strong_criticism_of_Christian_Democracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Strong criticism of Christian Democracy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strong_criticism_of_Christian_Democracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_linked_to_cultural_alienation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_linked_to_cultural_alienation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Television linked to cultural alienation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_linked_to_cultural_alienation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Murder_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Murder_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Murder and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Murder_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="بيير باولو بازوليني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيير باولو بازوليني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyer_Paolo_Pazolini" title="Pyer Paolo Pazolini – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pyer Paolo Pazolini" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پیر پائولو پازولینی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پیر پائولو پازولینی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="পিয়ের পাওলো পাসোলিনি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিয়ের পাওলো পাসোলিনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" title="П’ер Паала Пазаліні – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="П’ер Паала Пазаліні" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पियेर पाउलो पसोलिनी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पियेर पाउलो पसोलिनी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Пиер Паоло Пазолини – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пиер Паоло Пазолини" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%A0%CE%AC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Πιερ Πάολο Παζολίνι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πιερ Πάολο Παζολίνι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پیر پائولو پازولینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیر پائولو پازولینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieri_Pauli_Pasolini" title="Pieri Pauli Pasolini – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Pieri Pauli Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4_%ED%8C%8C%EC%98%AC%EB%A1%9C_%ED%8C%8C%EC%86%94%EB%A6%AC%EB%8B%88" title="피에르 파올로 파솔리니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피에르 파올로 파솔리니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%BC_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Պիեռ Պաոլո Պազոլինի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պիեռ Պաոլո Պազոլինի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पियेर पाउलो पसोलिनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पियेर पाउलो पसोलिनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="פייר פאולו פאזוליני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פייר פאולו פאזוליני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პიერ პაოლო პაზოლინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პიერ პაოლო პაზოლინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Paulus_Pasolini" title="Petrus Paulus Pasolini – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Petrus Paulus Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pj%C4%93rs_Paolo_Pazol%C4%ABni" title="Pjērs Paolo Pazolīni – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pjērs Paolo Pazolīni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Пјер Паоло Пазолини – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пјер Паоло Пазолини" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="പീയർ പവോലോ പസ്സോളിനി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പീയർ പവോലോ പസ്സോളിനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პიერ პაოლო პაზოლინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პიერ პაოლო პაზოლინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="بيير باولو بازولينى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيير باولو بازولينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%82%BE%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B" title="ピエル・パオロ・パゾリーニ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピエル・パオロ・パゾリーニ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Пазолини, Пьер Паоло – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пазолини, Пьер Паоло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolu_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolu Pasolini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pier Paolu Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Пјер Паоло Пазолини – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пјер Паоло Пазолини" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="பியர் பாவ்லோ பசோலினி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பியர் பாவ்லோ பசோலினி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ปิแอร์ เปาโล ปาโซลินี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปิแอร์ เปาโล ปาโซลินี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Пиер Паоло Пазолинӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пиер Паоло Пазолинӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%27%D1%94%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" title="П'єр Паоло Пазоліні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="П'єр Паоло Пазоліні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pier Paolo Pasolini" data-language-autonym="Winaray" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian writer, filmmaker, poet, and intellectual (1922–1975)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Pasolini" redirects here. For other people with that surname, see <a href="/wiki/Pasolini_(surname)" title="Pasolini (surname)">Pasolini (surname)</a>. For the 2014 film, see <a href="/wiki/Pasolini_(film)" title="Pasolini (film)">Pasolini (film)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Pier Paolo Pasolini</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PierPaoloPasolini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pasolini in 1964"><img alt="Pasolini in 1964" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/PierPaoloPasolini.jpg/220px-PierPaoloPasolini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/PierPaoloPasolini.jpg/330px-PierPaoloPasolini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/PierPaoloPasolini.jpg/440px-PierPaoloPasolini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1233" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Pasolini in 1964</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1922-03-05</span>)</span>5 March 1922<br /><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">2 November 1975<span style="display:none">(1975-11-02)</span> (aged 53)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ostia_(Rome)" title="Ostia (Rome)">Ostia</a>, Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Film director</li><li>novelist</li><li>poet</li><li>intellectual</li><li>journalist</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_signature.svg/150px-Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_signature.svg/225px-Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_signature.svg/300px-Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pier Paolo Pasolini</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈpjɛr<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈpaːolo<span class="wrap"> </span>pazoˈliːni]</a></span>; 5 March 1922 – 2 November 1975) was an Italian poet, film director, writer, actor and playwright. He is considered one of the defining <a href="/wiki/Public_intellectual" class="mw-redirect" title="Public intellectual">public intellectuals</a> in 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Italian_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian history">Italian history</a>, influential both as an artist and a political figure.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is known for directing the films from Trilogy of Life (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Decameron_(film)" title="The Decameron (film)">The Decameron</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales_(film)" title="The Canterbury Tales (film)">The Canterbury Tales</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Nights_(1974_film)" title="Arabian Nights (1974 film)">Arabian Nights</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%B2,_or_the_120_Days_of_Sodom" title="Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom">Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom</a>. </p><p>A controversial personality due to his straightforward style, Pasolini's legacy remains contentious. Openly <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">gay</a> while also a vocal advocate for <a href="/wiki/Heritage_language" title="Heritage language">heritage language</a> <a href="/wiki/Language_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Language revival">revival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultural_conservatism" title="Cultural conservatism">cultural conservatism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christian_values" title="Christian values">Christian values</a> in his youth, Pasolini became an avowed <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> shortly after the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-berlinale_1971_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berlinale_1971-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began voicing extremely harsh criticism of Italian <a href="/wiki/Petty_bourgeoisie" class="mw-redirect" title="Petty bourgeoisie">petty bourgeoisie</a> and what he saw as the <a href="/wiki/Americanization" title="Americanization">Americanization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decadence" title="Decadence">cultural degeneration</a>, and greed-driven <a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">consumerism</a> taking over <a href="/wiki/Italian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian culture">Italian culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a filmmaker, Pasolini often juxtaposed socio-political polemics with an extremely graphic and critical examination of <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboo</a> sexual matters. A prominent protagonist of the <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Roman</a> intellectual scene during the post-war era, Pasolini became an established and major figure in <a href="/wiki/European_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="European literature">European literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="European cinema">cinema</a>. </p><p>Pasolini's unsolved and extremely brutal abduction, torture, and murder at <a href="/wiki/Ostia_(Rome)" title="Ostia (Rome)">Ostia</a> in November 1975 prompted an outcry in Italy, where it continues to be a matter of heated debate. Recent leads by Italian <a href="/wiki/Cold_case" title="Cold case">cold case</a> investigators suggest a <a href="/wiki/Contract_killing" title="Contract killing">contract killing</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Banda_della_Magliana" title="Banda della Magliana">Banda della Magliana</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime_in_Italy" title="Organized crime in Italy">criminal organisation</a> with close links to <a href="/wiki/Armed,_far-right_organizations_in_Italy" title="Armed, far-right organizations in Italy">far-right terrorism</a>, as the most likely cause.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pier Paolo Pasolini was born in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">traditionally one of the most politically leftist of Italy's cities.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He was the son of elementary-school teacher Susanna Colussi, named after her great-grandmother,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Carlo Alberto Pasolini, a lieutenant in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Italian_Army" title="Royal Italian Army">Royal Italian Army</a>; they had married in 1921. Pasolini was born in 1922 and named after a paternal uncle. His family moved to <a href="/wiki/Conegliano" title="Conegliano">Conegliano</a> in 1923, then to <a href="/wiki/Belluno" title="Belluno">Belluno</a> in 1925, where their second son, Guidalberto, was born. In 1926, Pasolini's father was arrested for gambling debts. His mother moved with the children to her family's home in <a href="/wiki/Casarsa_della_Delizia" title="Casarsa della Delizia">Casarsa della Delizia</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Friuli" title="Friuli">Friuli</a> region. In that same year, his father first detained, then identified <a href="/wiki/Anteo_Zamboni" class="mw-redirect" title="Anteo Zamboni">Anteo Zamboni</a> as the would-be assassin of <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> following his assassination attempt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Is it an established fact that he saved it, or is this merely based on his claim of having done so? There appears to be conflicting testimony, such as by Marshal Francesco Burgio. (September 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Carlo Alberto was persuaded of the virtues of <a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian fascism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pasolini began writing poems at age seven, inspired by the natural beauty of Casarsa. One of his early influences was the work of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rimbaud" title="Arthur Rimbaud">Arthur Rimbaud</a>. His father was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Idria" class="mw-redirect" title="Idria">Idria</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Julian_March" title="Julian March">Julian March</a> (now in Slovenia) in 1931;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1933 they moved again to <a href="/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona">Cremona</a> in Lombardy, and later to <a href="/wiki/Scandiano" title="Scandiano">Scandiano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reggio_Emilia" title="Reggio Emilia">Reggio Emilia</a>. Pasolini found it difficult to adapt to all these dislocations, though he enlarged his poetry and literature readings (<a href="/wiki/Dostoyevsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Dostoyevsky">Dostoyevsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tolstoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coleridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Coleridge">Coleridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a>) and left behind the religious fervour of his early years. In the Reggio Emilia high school, he met his first true friend, Luciano Serra. The two met again in Bologna, where Pasolini spent seven years completing high school. Here he cultivated new passions, including <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>. With other friends, including Ermes Parini, Franco Farolfi, Elio Meli, he formed a group dedicated to literary discussions. </p><p>In 1939, Pasolini graduated and entered the Literature College of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a>, discovering new themes such as <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a> of <a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">figurative arts</a>. He also frequented the local cinema club. Pasolini always showed his friends a virile and strong exterior, totally hiding his interior turmoil. In his poems of this period, Pasolini started to include fragments in <a href="/wiki/Friulan" class="mw-redirect" title="Friulan">Friulan</a>, a minority language he did not speak but learned after he had begun to write poetry in it. "I learnt it as a sort of mystic act of love, a kind of <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9librige" title="Félibrige"><i>félibrisme</i></a>, like the <a href="/wiki/Occitan_literature" title="Occitan literature">Provençal poets</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1943, he founded with fellow students the <i>Academiuta della lenga furlana</i> (Academy of the Friulan Language).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a young adult, Pasolini identified as an <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the waning years of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Pasolini was <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">drafted</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Italian_Army" title="Royal Italian Army">Italian Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-poetry_foundation_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poetry_foundation-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his regiment was <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">captured</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germans</a> following <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Italy's surrender</a>, he escaped and fled to the small town of <a href="/wiki/Casarsa_della_Delizia" title="Casarsa della Delizia">Casarsa</a> where he remained for several years.<sup id="cite_ref-poetry_foundation_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poetry_foundation-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_poetry">Early poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_casarsa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_casarsa.jpg/200px-Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_casarsa.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_casarsa.jpg/300px-Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_casarsa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_casarsa.jpg/400px-Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_casarsa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Pasolini in his young years</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1942, Pasolini published at his own expense a collection of poems in Friulan, <i>Poesie a Casarsa</i>, which he had written at the age of eighteen. The work was noted and appreciated by such intellectuals and critics as <a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Contini" title="Gianfranco Contini">Gianfranco Contini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Gatto" title="Alfonso Gatto">Alfonso Gatto</a> and Antonio Russi. Pasolini's pictures had also been well received. He was chief editor of a magazine called <i>Il Setaccio</i> ("The Sieve"), but was fired after conflicts with the director, who was aligned with the Fascist regime. A trip to Germany helped him also to perceive the "provincial" status of <a href="/wiki/Italian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian culture">Italian culture</a> in that period. These experiences led Pasolini to revise his opinion about the cultural politics of Fascism and to switch gradually to a <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> position. </p><p>Pasolini's family took shelter in Casarsa, considered a more tranquil place to wait for the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, a decision common among Italian military families. Here he joined a group of other young enthusiasts of the Friulan language who wanted to give <a href="/wiki/Casarsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Casarsa">Casarsa</a> Friulan a status equal to that of <a href="/wiki/Udine" title="Udine">Udine</a>, the official regional standard. From May 1944, they issued a magazine entitled <i>Stroligùt di cà da l'aga</i>. In the meantime, Casarsa suffered <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> bombardments and forced enlistments by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Partisan_(military)" title="Partisan (military)">partisan</a> activity. </p><p>Pasolini tried to distance himself from these events. Starting in October 1943, Pasolini, his mother and other colleagues taught students unable to reach the schools in <a href="/wiki/Pordenone" title="Pordenone">Pordenone</a> or Udine. This educational workshop was considered illegal and broke up in February 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was here that Pasolini had his first experience of homosexual attraction to one of his students.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His brother Guido, aged 19, joined the <a href="/wiki/Action_Party_(Italy)" title="Action Party (Italy)">Party of Action</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Brigate_Osoppo" title="Brigate Osoppo">Brigate Osoppo</a>, taking to the bush near Slovenia. On 12 February 1945, Guido was killed in an ambush planted by the <a href="/wiki/Brigate_Garibaldi" title="Brigate Garibaldi">Brigate Garibaldi</a> serving in the lines of <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavian</a> guerrillas. This devastated Pasolini and his mother.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Six days after his brother's death, Pasolini and others founded the Friulan Language Academy (<i>Academiuta di lenga furlana</i>). Meanwhile, on account of Guido's death, Pasolini's father returned to Italy from his detention period in November 1945, settling in Casarsa. That same month, Pasolini graduated from university after completing a final thesis about the work of <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pascoli" title="Giovanni Pascoli">Giovanni Pascoli</a> (1855–1912), an Italian poet and classical scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1946, Pasolini published a small poetry collection, <i>I Diarii</i> ("The Diaries"), with the Academiuta. In October he traveled to Rome. The following May he began the so-called <i>Quaderni Rossi</i>, handwritten in old school exercise books with red covers. He completed a drama in Italian, <i>Il Cappellano</i>. His poetry collection, <i>I Pianti</i> ("The cries"), was also published by the Academiuta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rome">Rome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 1950, Pasolini moved to Rome with his mother Susanna to start a new life. He was acquitted of two indecency charges in 1950 and 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-Martelini,_L._2006,_p._48_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martelini,_L._2006,_p._48-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After one year sheltered in a maternal uncle's flat next to <a href="/wiki/Fontana_delle_Tartarughe" title="Fontana delle Tartarughe">Piazza Mattei</a>, Pasolini and his 59-year-old mother moved to a run-down suburb called <a href="/wiki/Rebibbia" title="Rebibbia">Rebibbia</a>, next to a prison, living there for three years; he transferred his Friulan countryside inspiration to this Roman suburb, one of the infamous <i>borgate</i> where poor <a href="/wiki/Proletarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proletarian">proletarian</a> immigrants lived, often in horrendous sanitary and social conditions. Instead of asking for help from other writers, Pasolini preferred to go his own way. </p><p>Pasolini found a job working in the <a href="/wiki/Cinecitt%C3%A0" title="Cinecittà">Cinecittà</a> film studios and sold his books in the <i>bancarelle</i> ("sidewalk shops") of Rome. In 1951, with the help of the <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a>-language poet Vittorio Clemente, he found a job as a secondary school teacher in <a href="/wiki/Ciampino" title="Ciampino">Ciampino</a>, just outside the capital. He had a long commute involving two train changes and earned a meagre salary of 27,000 <a href="/wiki/Lira" title="Lira">lire</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasolini_e_fellini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pasolini_e_fellini.jpg/250px-Pasolini_e_fellini.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pasolini_e_fellini.jpg/375px-Pasolini_e_fellini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pasolini_e_fellini.jpg/500px-Pasolini_e_fellini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Pasolini with <a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> in the late 1950s</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aldo_Moro,_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_-_Venezia_1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Aldo_Moro%2C_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_-_Venezia_1964.jpg/250px-Aldo_Moro%2C_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_-_Venezia_1964.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Aldo_Moro%2C_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_-_Venezia_1964.jpg/375px-Aldo_Moro%2C_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_-_Venezia_1964.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Aldo_Moro%2C_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_-_Venezia_1964.jpg/500px-Aldo_Moro%2C_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_-_Venezia_1964.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1450" /></a><figcaption>Pasolini with <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a> in 1964</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tot%C3%B2_e_pasolini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tot%C3%B2_e_pasolini.jpg/250px-Tot%C3%B2_e_pasolini.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tot%C3%B2_e_pasolini.jpg/375px-Tot%C3%B2_e_pasolini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tot%C3%B2_e_pasolini.jpg/500px-Tot%C3%B2_e_pasolini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Pasolini with <a href="/wiki/Tot%C3%B2" title="Totò">Totò</a> in 1966</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Special:EditPage/Pier Paolo Pasolini">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing">Writing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1954, Pasolini, who now worked for the literary section of Cinecittà, left his teaching job and moved to the Monteverde quarter. At this point, his cousin Graziella moved in. They also accommodated Pasolini's ailing, cirrhotic father Carlo Alberto, who died in 1958. Pasolini published <i>La meglio gioventù</i>, his first important collection of Friulan poems. His first novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Ragazzi_di_vita" title="Ragazzi di vita">Ragazzi di vita</a></i> (English: <i>Hustlers</i>), which dealt with the Roman <a href="/wiki/Lumpenproletariat" title="Lumpenproletariat">lumpenproletariat</a>, was published in 1955. The work had great success but was poorly received by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a> (PCI) establishment and, most importantly, by the Italian government. It initiated a lawsuit for "obscenity" against Pasolini and his editor, Garzanti.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although exonerated, Pasolini became a target of insinuations, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_press" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabloid press">tabloid press</a>. </p><p>In 1955, together with <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Leonetti" title="Francesco Leonetti">Francesco Leonetti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Roversi" title="Roberto Roversi">Roberto Roversi</a> and others, Pasolini edited and published a poetry magazine called <i>Officina</i>. The magazine closed in 1959 after fourteen issues. That year he also published his second novel, <i>Una vita violenta</i>, which unlike his first was embraced by the Communist cultural sphere: he subsequently wrote a column titled <i>Dialoghi con Passolini</i> (meaning <i>Passolini in Dialogue</i>), for the PCI magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Vie_Nuove" title="Vie Nuove">Vie Nuove</a></i> from May 1960 to September 1965,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were published in book form in 1977 as <i>Le belle bandiere</i> (<i>The Beautiful Flags</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-jacobin_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jacobin-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1960s Pasolini edited an advice column in the weekly news magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(Italian_magazine)" title="Tempo (Italian magazine)">Tempo</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966, Pasolini wrote a screenplay for a never-produced film about the apostle <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paul">Saint Paul</a> which he subsequently revised.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pasolini's screenplay was intended to depict Paul as a modern contemporary without modifying any of Paul's statements.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Pasolini's story, Paul is a fascist <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> collaborator who becomes illuminated while traveling to Franco's Spain and joins the antifascist <a href="/wiki/French_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="French resistance">French resistance</a>, an event which serves as the modern analogue for the <a href="/wiki/Pauline_conversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauline conversion">Pauline conversion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The screenplay follows Paul as he preaches resistance in Italy, Spain, Germany, and New York (where he is betrayed, arrested, and executed).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As philosopher <a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Alain Badiou</a> writes, "The most surprising thing in all this is the way in which Paul's texts are transplanted unaltered, and with an almost unfathomable naturalness, into the situations in which Pasolini deploys them: war, fascism, American capitalism, the petty debates of Italian intelligentsia[.]"<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1970, Pasolini bought an old castle near <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>, several miles north of Rome, where he began to write his last novel, <i>Il Petrolio</i>, in which he denounced obscure dealing in the highest levels of government and the corporate world (<a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a>, <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">the Mafia</a>, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The novel-documentary was left incomplete at his death. In 1972, Pasolini started to collaborate with the far-left association <a href="/wiki/Lotta_Continua" title="Lotta Continua">Lotta Continua</a>, producing a documentary, <i>12 dicembre</i>, concerning the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Fontana_bombing" title="Piazza Fontana bombing">Piazza Fontana bombing</a>. The following year he began a collaboration for Italy's most renowned newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/Il_Corriere_della_Sera" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Corriere della Sera">Il Corriere della Sera</a></i>. At the beginning of 1975 Garzanti published a collection of his critical essays, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scritti_corsari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scritti corsari (page does not exist)">Scritti corsari</a></i> ("Corsair Writings"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Narrative">Narrative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Narrative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ragazzi_di_vita" title="Ragazzi di vita">Ragazzi di vita</a></i> (<i>The Ragazzi</i>, 1955)</li> <li><i>Una vita violenta</i> (<i>A Violent Life</i>, 1959)</li> <li><i>Il sogno di una cosa</i> (1962)</li> <li><i>Amado Mio—Atti Impuri</i> (1982, originally written in 1948)</li> <li><i>Alì dagli occhi azzurri</i> (1965)</li> <li><i>Teorema</i> (1968)</li> <li><i>Reality</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Poets%27_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Poets' Encyclopedia">The Poets' Encyclopedia</a></i>, 1979)</li> <li><i>Petrolio</i> (1992, incomplete)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry">Poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>La meglio gioventù</i> (1954)</li> <li><i>Le ceneri di Gramsci</i> (1957)</li> <li><i>L'usignolo della chiesa cattolica</i> (1958)</li> <li><i>La religione del mio tempo</i> (1961)</li> <li><i>Poesia in forma di rosa</i> (1964)</li> <li><i>Trasumanar e organizzar</i> (1971)</li> <li><i>La nuova gioventù</i> (1975)</li> <li><i>Roman Poems</i>. Pocket Poets No. 41 (1986)</li> <li><i>The Selected Poetry of Pier Paolo Pasolini: A Bilingual Edition</i>. (2014)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essays">Essays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Essays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Passione e ideologia</i> (1960)</li> <li><i>Canzoniere italiano, poesia popolare italiana</i> (1960)</li> <li><i>Empirismo eretico</i> (1972)</li> <li><i>Lettere luterane</i> (1976)</li> <li><i>Le belle bandiere</i> (1977)</li> <li><i>Descrizioni di descrizioni</i> (1979)</li> <li><i>Il caos</i> (1979)</li> <li><i>La pornografia è noiosa</i> (1979)</li> <li><i>Scritti corsari</i> (1975)</li> <li><i>Lettere (1940–1954)</i> (<i>Letters, 1940–54</i>, 1986)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Orgia</i> (1968)</li> <li><i>Porcile</i> (1968)</li> <li><i>Calderón</i> (1973)</li> <li><i>Affabulazione</i> (1977)</li> <li><i>Pilade</i> (1977)</li> <li><i>Bestia da stile</i> (1977)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1957, together with <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Citti" title="Sergio Citti">Sergio Citti</a>, Pasolini collaborated on <a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/Nights_of_Cabiria" title="Nights of Cabiria">Nights of Cabiria</a></i>, writing dialogue for the <a href="/wiki/Roman_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman dialect">Roman dialect</a> sections. Fellini also asked him to work on dialogue for some episodes of <i><a href="/wiki/La_dolce_vita" title="La dolce vita">La dolce vita</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pasolini made his debut as an actor in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Rome" title="The Hunchback of Rome">The Hunchback of Rome</a></i> in 1960, and co-wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Long_Night_in_1943" title="Long Night in 1943">Long Night in 1943</a></i>. Along with <i>Ragazzi di vita</i>, he had his celebrated poem <i>Le ceneri di Gramsci</i> published, where Pasolini voiced tormented tensions between reason and heart, as well as the existing ideological dialectics within communism, a debate over artistic freedom, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">socialist realism</a> and commitment.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pasolini's first film as director and screenwriter was <i><a href="/wiki/Accattone" title="Accattone">Accattone</a></i> in 1961, again set among Rome's marginal communities, a story of pimps, prostitutes, and thieves that contrasted with Italy's postwar economic recovery. Although Pasolini tried to distance himself from <a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">neorealism</a>, it is considered to be a kind of second neorealism. Nick Barbaro, a critic writing in the <i><a href="/wiki/Austin_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Chronicle">Austin Chronicle</a></i>, stated it "may be the grimmest movie" he has ever seen.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film aroused controversy and scandal, with conservatives demanded stricter censorship by the government. In 1963, the episode "<a href="/wiki/La_ricotta" title="La ricotta">La ricotta</a>", included in the <a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">anthology film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ro.Go.Pa.G." title="Ro.Go.Pa.G.">Ro.Go.Pa.G.</a></i>, was censored and Pasolini was tried for "offence to the Italian state and religion".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period, Pasolini frequently travelled abroad: in 1961, with <a href="/wiki/Elsa_Morante" title="Elsa Morante">Elsa Morante</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Moravia" title="Alberto Moravia">Alberto Moravia</a> to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (where he went again seven years later); in 1962, to <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>; in 1963, to <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> (where he shot the documentary <a href="/wiki/Location_Hunting_in_Palestine" title="Location Hunting in Palestine"><i>Sopralluoghi in Palestina</i></a>). In 1970 he travelled again to Africa to shoot another documentary, <i>Appunti per un'Orestiade africana</i>. Pasolini was a member of the jury at the <a href="/wiki/16th_Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="16th Berlin International Film Festival">16th Berlin International Film Festival</a> in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-berlinale_1966_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berlinale_1966-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1967, in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, he met and interviewed American poet <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-youtube.com_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youtube.com-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They discussed the Italian movement <i><a href="/wiki/Neoavanguardia" title="Neoavanguardia">neoavanguardia</a></i> and Pasolini read some verses from the Italian translation of Pound's <i><a href="/wiki/Pisan_Cantos" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisan Cantos">Pisan Cantos</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-youtube.com_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youtube.com-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The late 1960s and early 1970s were the era of the <a href="/wiki/Student_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Student movement">student movement</a>. Pasolini, though acknowledging the students' ideological motivations, and referring to himself as a "Catholic <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thought them "anthropologically middle-class" and therefore destined to fail in their attempts at revolutionary change. Regarding the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valle_Giulia" title="Battle of Valle Giulia">Battle of Valle Giulia</a>, which took place in Rome in March 1968, he said that he sympathized with the police, as they were "children of the poor", while the young militants were exponents of what he called "left-wing fascism".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His film that year, <i><a href="/wiki/Teorema" title="Teorema">Teorema</a></i>, was shown at the Venice Film Festival in a hot political climate. Pasolini had proclaimed that the festival would be managed by the directors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>He wrote and directed the black-and-white <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_St._Matthew_(film)" title="The Gospel According to St. Matthew (film)">The Gospel According to Matthew</a></i> (1964). It is based on scripture, but adapted by Pasolini, and he is credited as a writer. Jesus, a barefoot peasant, is played by <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Irazoqui" title="Enrique Irazoqui">Enrique Irazoqui</a>. In his 1966 film <i><a href="/wiki/Uccellacci_e_uccellini" class="mw-redirect" title="Uccellacci e uccellini">Uccellacci e uccellini</a></i> (literally <i>Bad Birds and Little Birds</i> but translated in English as <i>The Hawks and the Sparrows</i>), a picaresque—and at the same time mystic—fable, Pasolini hired great Italian comedian <a href="/wiki/Tot%C3%B2" title="Totò">Totò</a> to work with <a href="/wiki/Ninetto_Davoli" title="Ninetto Davoli">Ninetto Davoli</a>, the director's lover at the time and one of his preferred "naif" actors. It was a unique opportunity for Totò to demonstrate that he was a great dramatic actor as well.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In <i>Teorema</i> (<i>Theorem</i>, 1968), starring <a href="/wiki/Terence_Stamp" title="Terence Stamp">Terence Stamp</a> as a mysterious stranger, Pasolini depicted the sexual coming-apart of a <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgeois">bourgeois</a> family. (Variations of this theme were later done by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ozon" title="François Ozon">François Ozon</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Sitcom_(film)" title="Sitcom (film)">Sitcom</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Swanberg" title="Joe Swanberg">Joe Swanberg</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Zone_(2011_film)" title="The Zone (2011 film)">The Zone</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Takashi_Miike" title="Takashi Miike">Takashi Miike</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Visitor_Q" title="Visitor Q">Visitor Q</a>.</i>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Later films centred on sex-laden folklore, such as <a href="/wiki/Boccaccio" class="mw-redirect" title="Boccaccio">Boccaccio</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Il_Decamerone" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Decamerone">Decameron</a></i> (1971), <a href="/wiki/Chaucer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaucer">Chaucer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales_(film)" title="The Canterbury Tales (film)">The Canterbury Tales</a></i> (1972), and <i><a href="/wiki/Il_fiore_delle_mille_e_una_notte" class="mw-redirect" title="Il fiore delle mille e una notte">Il fiore delle mille e una notte</a></i> (literally <i>The Flower of 1001 Nights</i>, released in English as <i>Arabian Nights</i>, 1974). These films are usually grouped as the <i>Trilogy of Life</i>. While basing them on classics, Pasolini wrote the screenplays and took sole writing credit. This trilogy, prompted largely by Pasolini's attempt to show the secular sacredness of the body against man-made social controls and especially against the venal hypocrisy of the religious state (indeed, the religious characters in <i>The Canterbury Tales</i> are shown as pious but amorally grasping fools) were an effort at representing a state of natural sexual innocence essential to the true nature of free humanity. Alternately playfully bawdy and poetically sensuous, wildly populous, subtly symbolic and visually exquisite, the films were popular in Italy and remain perhaps his most enduringly popular works. Yet despite the fact that the trilogy as a whole is considered by many as a masterpiece, Pasolini later reviled his own creation on account of the many soft-core imitations of these three films in Italy that happened afterwards on account of the very same popularity he wound up deeply uncomfortable with. He believed that a bastardisation of his vision had taken place that amounted to a commoditisation of the body he had tried to deny in his trilogy in the first place. The disconsolation this provided is seen as one of the primary reasons for his final film, <i><a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%B2,_or_the_120_Days_of_Sodom" title="Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom">Salò</a></i>, in which humans are not only seen as commodities under authoritarian control but are viewed merely as cyphers for its whims, without the free vitality of the figures in the Trilogy of Life. </p><p>His final work, <i><a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%B2_o_le_120_giornate_di_Sodoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma">Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma</a></i> (<i>Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom</i>, 1975), exceeded what most viewers could accept at the time in its explicit scenes of sexual perversity and intensely sadistic violence. Based on the novel <i><a href="/wiki/120_Days_of_Sodom" class="mw-redirect" title="120 Days of Sodom">120 Days of Sodom</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Marquis de Sade</a>, it is considered Pasolini's most controversial film. In May 2006, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Out_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Out (company)">Time Out</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Film Guide named it the "Most Controversial Film" of all time. Salò was intended as the first film of his <i>Trilogy of Death</i>, followed by an aborted biopic film about <a href="/wiki/Gilles_de_Rais" title="Gilles de Rais">Gilles de Rais</a>. </p> <ul><li>Note: All titles listed below were written and directed by Pasolini unless stated otherwise.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Year </th> <th colspan="2">Title </th> <th rowspan="2">Adapted from </th> <th rowspan="2">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:20%;">Original </th> <th style="width:26%;">In English </th></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Accattone" title="Accattone">Accattone</a></i> </td> <td><i>Accattone</i> </td> <td>Pasolini's novel <i>Una vita violenta.</i> </td> <td>Screenplay written in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Citti" title="Sergio Citti">Sergio Citti</a>. </td></tr> <tr style="background:#efefef;<br/"> <td>1962 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mamma_Roma" title="Mamma Roma">Mamma Roma</a></i> </td> <td><i>Mamma Roma</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Screenplay by Pasolini with additional dialogue by Citti. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_St._Matthew_(film)" title="The Gospel According to St. Matthew (film)">Il vangelo secondo Matteo</a></i> </td> <td><i>The Gospel According to St. Matthew</i> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a>. </td> <td>Won the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Jury_Prize_(Venice_Film_Festival)" title="Grand Jury Prize (Venice Film Festival)">Silver Lion</a> at the <a href="/wiki/25th_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="25th Venice International Film Festival">25th Venice International Film Festival</a>, United Nations Award at the <a href="/wiki/21st_British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="21st British Academy Film Awards">21st British Academy Film Awards</a>. </td></tr> <tr style="background:#efefef;"> <td>1966 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hawks_and_the_Sparrows" title="The Hawks and the Sparrows">Uccellacci e uccellini</a></i> </td> <td><i>The Hawks and the Sparrows</i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(1967_film)" title="Oedipus Rex (1967 film)">Edipo re</a></i> </td> <td><i>Oedipus Rex</i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex" title="Oedipus Rex">Oedipus Rex</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>. </td> <td>Acted in the film as High Priest </td></tr> <tr style="background:#efefef;"> <td>1968 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Teorema" title="Teorema">Teorema</a></i> </td> <td><i>Theorem</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Pasolini's novel <i>Teorema</i> was also published in 1968. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Pigsty_(film)" title="Pigsty (film)">Porcile</a></i> </td> <td><i>Pigsty</i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#efefef;"> <td>1969 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Medea_(1969_film)" title="Medea (1969 film)">Medea</a></i> </td> <td><i>Medea</i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Medea_(play)" title="Medea (play)">Medea</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Decameron_(film)" title="The Decameron (film)">Il Decameron</a></i> </td> <td><i>The Decameron</i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Decameron" title="The Decameron">The Decameron</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Giovanni Boccaccio</a>. </td> <td>Won the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Bear" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Bear">Silver Bear</a> at the <a href="/wiki/21st_Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="21st Berlin International Film Festival">21st Berlin International Film Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-berlinale_1971_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berlinale_1971-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acted in the film as Allievo di Giotto. </td></tr> <tr style="background:#efefef;"> <td>1972 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales_(film)" title="The Canterbury Tales (film)">I racconti di Canterbury</a></i> </td> <td><i>The Canterbury Tales</i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales" title="The Canterbury Tales">The Canterbury Tales</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>. </td> <td>Won the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Bear" title="Golden Bear">Golden Bear</a> at the <a href="/wiki/22nd_Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="22nd Berlin International Film Festival">22nd Berlin International Film Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-berlinale_1972_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berlinale_1972-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acted in the film as Geoffrey Chaucer. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Nights_(1974_film)" title="Arabian Nights (1974 film)">Il fiore delle Mille e una Notte</a></i> </td> <td><i>A Thousand and One Nights</i> (<i>Arabian Nights</i>) </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Nights" title="One Thousand and One Nights">One Thousand and One Nights</a></i> </td> <td>Screenplay written in collaboration with Dacia Maraini. <p>Won the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" title="Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)">Grand Prix Spécial Prize</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1974_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1974 Cannes Film Festival">1974 Cannes Film Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-festival-cannes.com_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-festival-cannes.com-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#efefef;"> <td>1975 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%B2,_or_the_120_Days_of_Sodom" title="Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom">Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma</a></i> </td> <td><i>Salo, or the 120 Days of Sodom</i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Les_120_journ%C3%A9es_de_Sodome_ou_l%27%C3%A9cole_du_libertinage" class="mw-redirect" title="Les 120 journées de Sodome ou l'école du libertinage">Les 120 journées de Sodome ou l'école du libertinage</a></i> by the <a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Marquis de Sade</a>. </td> <td>Screenplay written in collaboration with Citti with extended quotes from <a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Roland Barthes</a>' <i>Sade, Fourier, Loyola</i> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Klossowski" title="Pierre Klossowski">Pierre Klossowski</a>'s <i>Sade mon prochain</i>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Episodes_in_omnibus_films">Episodes in omnibus films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Episodes in omnibus films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/La_ricotta" title="La ricotta">La ricotta</a></i> in <i><a href="/wiki/RoGoPaG" class="mw-redirect" title="RoGoPaG">RoGoPaG</a></i> (1963)</li> <li>First segment of <i><a href="/wiki/La_rabbia" title="La rabbia">La rabbia</a></i> (1963)</li> <li>"La Terra vista dalla Luna" in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Witches_(1967_film)" title="The Witches (1967 film)">The Witches</a></i> (1967)</li> <li>"Che cosa sono le nuvole?" in <i><a href="/wiki/Caprice_Italian_Style" title="Caprice Italian Style">Caprice Italian Style</a></i> (1968)</li> <li>"La sequenza del fiore di carta" in <i><a href="/wiki/Love_and_Anger_(film)" title="Love and Anger (film)">Love and Anger</a></i> (1969)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Documentaries">Documentaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Documentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Meetings" title="Love Meetings">Love Meetings</a></i> (1964)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Location_Hunting_in_Palestine" title="Location Hunting in Palestine">Sopralluoghi in Palestina per Il Vangelo secondo Matteo</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Appunti_per_un_film_sull%27India" title="Appunti per un film sull'India">Appunti per un film sull'India</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i>Appunti per un romanzo dell'immondizia</i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Appunti_per_un%27Orestiade_Africana" class="mw-redirect" title="Appunti per un'Orestiade Africana">Appunti per un'Orestiade Africana</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i>Le mura di Sana'a</i> (1971)</li> <li><i>12 Dicembre 1972</i> (1972)</li> <li><i>Pasolini e la forma della città</i> (1974)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A small scandal broke out during a local festival in <a href="/wiki/San_Vito_al_Tagliamento" title="San Vito al Tagliamento">Ramuscello</a> in September 1949. Someone informed Cordovado, the local sergeant of the <i><a href="/wiki/Carabinieri" title="Carabinieri">carabinieri</a></i>, of sexual conduct (<a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">masturbation</a>) by Pasolini with three youngsters aged sixteen and younger after dancing and drinking.<sup id="cite_ref-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_148_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_148-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cordovado summoned the boys' parents, who refused to file charges despite Cordovado's urging. Cordovado nevertheless drew up a report, and the informer elaborated publicly on his accusations, sparking a public uproar. A judge in San Vito al Tagliamento charged Pasolini with "corruption of minors and obscene acts in public places".<sup id="cite_ref-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_148_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_148-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Martelini,_L._2006,_p._48_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martelini,_L._2006,_p._48-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and the 16-year-old were both indicted.<sup id="cite_ref-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_149_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_149-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next month, when questioned, Pasolini would not deny the facts, but talked of a "literary and erotic drive" and cited <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a>, the 1947 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize for Literature">Nobel Prize for Literature</a> <a href="/wiki/Laureate" title="Laureate">laureate</a>. Cordovado informed his superiors and the regional press stepped in.<sup id="cite_ref-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_149_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_149-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Pasolini, the Christian Democrats instigated the entire affair to smear his name ("the Christian Democrats pulled the strings"). He was fired from his job in Valvasone<sup id="cite_ref-Martelini,_L._2006,_p._48_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martelini,_L._2006,_p._48-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was expelled from the PCI by the party's Udine section, which he considered a betrayal. He addressed a critical letter to the head of the section, his friend Ferdinando Mautino, and claimed he was being subject to a "tacticism" of the PCI. In the party, the expulsion was opposed by Teresa Degan, Pasolini's colleague in education. He also wrote her a letter admitting his regret for being "such a naif, even indecently so".<sup id="cite_ref-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_148_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_148-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pasolini's parents reacted angrily and the situation in the family also became untenable.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 1949, he decided to move to Rome along with his mother seeking to start a new life, settling down in the outskirts of Rome. </p><p>In 1963, at the age of 41, Pasolini met "the great love of his life", 15-year-old <a href="/wiki/Ninetto_Davoli" title="Ninetto Davoli">Ninetto Davoli</a>, whom he later cast in his 1966 film <i><a href="/wiki/Uccellacci_e_uccellini" class="mw-redirect" title="Uccellacci e uccellini">Uccellacci e uccellini</a></i> (literally <i>Bad Birds and Little Birds</i> but translated in English as <i>The Hawks and the Sparrows</i>). Pasolini became the youth's mentor and friend.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, there were some important women in Pasolini's life, with whom Pasolini shared a feeling of profound and unique friendship, in particular <a href="/wiki/Laura_Betti" title="Laura Betti">Laura Betti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Callas" title="Maria Callas">Maria Callas</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dacia_Maraini" title="Dacia Maraini">Dacia Maraini</a>, an Italian writer, said of Callas' behaviour towards Pasolini: "She used to follow him everywhere, even to Africa. She hoped to 'convert' him to heterosexuality and to marriage."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pasolini was also sensible to the problematics related to the "new" role ascribed to women through the Italian media, stating in a 1972 interview that "women are not slot machines".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was a supporter of his hometown football club <a href="/wiki/Bologna_FC_1909" title="Bologna FC 1909">Bologna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_views">Political views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Political views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gramsci_Pasolini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gramsci_Pasolini.jpg/250px-Gramsci_Pasolini.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gramsci_Pasolini.jpg/375px-Gramsci_Pasolini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gramsci_Pasolini.jpg/500px-Gramsci_Pasolini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1207" /></a><figcaption>Pasolini visiting <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a>'s tomb in Rome</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="background:white"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Communism_in_Italy" title="Category:Communism in Italy">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Italian_Communist_Party.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_the_Italian_Communist_Party.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Communist_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_the_Italian_Communist_Party.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Communist_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_the_Italian_Communist_Party.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Communist_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1715" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Covelli" title="Emilio Covelli">Emilio Covelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Cafiero" title="Carlo Cafiero">Carlo Cafiero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Errico Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costantino_Lazzari" title="Costantino Lazzari">Costantino Lazzari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Galleani" title="Luigi Galleani">Luigi Galleani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egidio_Gennari" title="Egidio Gennari">Egidio Gennari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Bombacci" title="Nicola Bombacci">Nicola Bombacci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Bordiga" title="Amadeo Bordiga">Amadeo Bordiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Fortichiari" title="Bruno Fortichiari">Bruno Fortichiari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Di_Vittorio" title="Giuseppe Di Vittorio">Giuseppe Di Vittorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmiro_Togliatti" title="Palmiro Togliatti">Palmiro Togliatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruggero_Grieco" title="Ruggero Grieco">Ruggero Grieco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onorato_Damen" title="Onorato Damen">Onorato Damen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galvano_Della_Volpe" title="Galvano Della Volpe">Galvano Della Volpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Longo" title="Luigi Longo">Luigi Longo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli">Altiero Spinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Natta" title="Alessandro Natta">Alessandro Natta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilde_Iotti" title="Nilde Iotti">Nilde Iotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raniero_Panzieri" title="Raniero Panzieri">Raniero Panzieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Lama" title="Luciano Lama">Luciano Lama</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Berlinguer" title="Enrico Berlinguer">Enrico Berlinguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livio_Maitan" title="Livio Maitan">Livio Maitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucio_Colletti" title="Lucio Colletti">Lucio Colletti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Napolitano" title="Giorgio Napolitano">Giorgio Napolitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giangiacomo_Feltrinelli" title="Giangiacomo Feltrinelli">Giangiacomo Feltrinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armando_Cossutta" title="Armando Cossutta">Armando Cossutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Tronti" title="Mario Tronti">Mario Tronti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Antonio Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Scuderi" title="Giovanni Scuderi">Giovanni Scuderi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Vattimo" title="Gianni Vattimo">Gianni Vattimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Occhetto" title="Achille Occhetto">Achille Occhetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fausto_Bertinotti" title="Fausto Bertinotti">Fausto Bertinotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Curcio" title="Renato Curcio">Renato Curcio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Losurdo" title="Domenico Losurdo">Domenico Losurdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvia_Federici" title="Silvia Federici">Silvia Federici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margherita_Cagol" title="Margherita Cagol">Margherita Cagol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Screpanti" title="Ernesto Screpanti">Ernesto Screpanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Berardi" title="Franco Berardi">Franco Berardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Virno" title="Paolo Virno">Paolo Virno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Ferrando" title="Marco Ferrando">Marco Ferrando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Battisti_(militant)" title="Cesare Battisti (militant)">Cesare Battisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliviero_Diliberto" title="Oliviero Diliberto">Oliviero Diliberto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichi_Vendola" title="Nichi Vendola">Nichi Vendola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Ferrero" title="Paolo Ferrero">Paolo Ferrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Toscano" title="Alberto Toscano">Alberto Toscano</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_Siciliani" title="Fasci Siciliani">Fasci Siciliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XVII_Congress_of_the_Italian_Socialist_Party" title="XVII Congress of the Italian Socialist Party">XVII Congress of the PSI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Italy" title="I Congress of the Communist Party of Italy">I Congress of the PCd'I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro%C5%A1tina_rebellion" title="Proština rebellion">Proština rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventine_Secession_(20th_century)" title="Aventine Secession (20th century)">Aventine Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italian Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Republic_of_Caulonia" title="Red Republic of Caulonia">Red Republic of Caulonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_De_Gasperi_government" title="Third De Gasperi government">Third De Gasperi government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portella_della_Ginestra_massacre" title="Portella della Ginestra massacre">Portella della Ginestra massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1947_crises" title="May 1947 crises">May 1947 crises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_101" title="Manifesto of the 101">Manifesto of the 101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Autumn" title="Hot Autumn">Hot Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primavalle_fire" title="Primavalle fire">Primavalle fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Sergio_Ramelli" title="Assassination of Sergio Ramelli">Assassination of Sergio Ramelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_and_murder_of_Aldo_Moro" title="Kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro">Moro case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitterrand_doctrine" title="Mitterrand doctrine">Mitterrand doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_of_1977" title="Movement of 1977">Movement of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Compromise" title="Historic Compromise">Historic Compromise</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">Anarchist communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Bordiga#Theories_and_beliefs" title="Amadeo Bordiga">Bordigism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">Christian communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_road_to_socialism" title="Italian road to socialism">Italian road to socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leninism" title="Leninism">Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_humanism" title="Marxist humanism">Marxist humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migliorismo" title="Migliorismo">Migliorismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Gramscianism" title="Neo-Gramscianism">Neo-Gramscianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Marxism" title="Neo-Marxism">Neo-Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Marxism" title="Post-Marxism">Post-Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Marxism" title="Western Marxism">Western Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workerism" title="Workerism">Workerism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Antimilitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_hegemony" title="Cultural hegemony">Cultural hegemony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counterhegemony" title="Counterhegemony">Counterhegemony</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_centralism" title="Organic centralism">Organic centralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_revolution" title="Passive revolution">Passive revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subaltern_(postcolonialism)" title="Subaltern (postcolonialism)">Subalterns</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Current organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anticapitalist_Left_(Italy)" title="Anticapitalist Left (Italy)">Anticapitalist Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARC_Party" title="CARC Party">CARC Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Alternative_Party" title="Communist Alternative Party">Communist Alternative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Front_(Italy)" title="Communist Front (Italy)">Communist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_(Italy)" title="Communist Party (Italy)">Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Refoundation_Party" title="Communist Refoundation Party">Communist Refoundation Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Communists_(Italy)" title="Young Communists (Italy)">GC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotta_Comunista" title="Lotta Comunista">Communist Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countercurrent_(Italy,_2006)" title="Countercurrent (Italy, 2006)">Countercurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party_(2016)" title="Italian Communist Party (2016)">Italian Communist Party (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_General_Confederation_of_Labour" title="Italian General Confederation of Labour">Italian General Confederation of Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party" title="Italian Marxist–Leninist Party">Italian Marxist–Leninist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_of_Communists" title="Network of Communists">Network of Communists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Union_(Italy)" title="People's Union (Italy)">People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lega_Trotskista_d%27Italia" title="Lega Trotskista d'Italia">Trotskyist League of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Communist_Party_of_Italy" title="Unified Communist Party of Italy">Unified Communist Party of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Communist_Party_(Italy)" title="Workers' Communist Party (Italy)">Workers' Communist Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Defunct organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Proletarians_for_Communism" title="Armed Proletarians for Communism">Armed Proletarians for Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomia_Operaia" title="Autonomia Operaia">Autonomia Operaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Italy_(2014)" title="Communist Party of Italy (2014)">Communist Party of Italy (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Italy_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Italy_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)_Red_Line" title="Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) Red Line">Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) Red Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_Left" title="Critical Left">Critical Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prima_Linea" title="Prima Linea">Front Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Youth_Federation" title="Italian Communist Youth Federation">FGCI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Left_%E2%80%93_The_Rainbow" title="The Left – The Rainbow">The Left – The Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotta_Continua" title="Lotta Continua">Lotta Continua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Unitarian_Communists" title="Movement of Unitarian Communists">Movement of Unitarian Communists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22_Group" title="October 22 Group">October 22 Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Christian_Left" title="Party of the Christian Left">Party of the Christian Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Italian_Communists" title="Party of Italian Communists">Party of Italian Communists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Federation_of_Italian_Communists" title="Youth Federation of Italian Communists">FGCI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Democratic_Front_(Italy)" title="Popular Democratic Front (Italy)">Popular Democratic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Democracy" title="Proletarian Democracy">Proletarian Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Unity_Party_(Italy)" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Communism_in_Italy" title="Template:Communism in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Communism_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Communism in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Communism_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Communism in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_the_Italian_Communist_Party">Relationship with the Italian Communist Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Relationship with the Italian Communist Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SanVitoT-piazzadelpopolo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SanVitoT-piazzadelpopolo.jpg/250px-SanVitoT-piazzadelpopolo.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SanVitoT-piazzadelpopolo.jpg/375px-SanVitoT-piazzadelpopolo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SanVitoT-piazzadelpopolo.jpg/500px-SanVitoT-piazzadelpopolo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption>Piazza del Popolo in <a href="/wiki/San_Vito_al_Tagliamento" title="San Vito al Tagliamento">San Vito al Tagliamento</a></figcaption></figure> <p>By October 1945, the political status of the <a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli</a> region became a matter of contention between different political factions. On 30 October, Pasolini joined the pro-devolution association <i>Patrie tal Friul</i>, founded in <a href="/wiki/Udine" title="Udine">Udine</a>. Pasolini wanted a Friuli based on its tradition, attached to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Italy" title="Catholic Church in Italy">Catholic Church in Italy</a>, but intent on civic and <a href="/wiki/Social_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progress">social progress</a>, as opposed to those advocates of regional autonomy who wanted to preserve their privileges based on "immobilism".<sup id="cite_ref-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_111-112_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_111-112-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also criticized the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a> (PCI) for its opposition to <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">regional devolution</a> and preference instead for <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">State centralisation</a>. Pasolini founded the party Movimento Popolare Friulano, but resigned upon realizing that it was being covertly manipulated by Italy's ruling <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democratic Party</a> to counter local <a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoists</a>, who were attempting to annex large swaths of the Friuli region to the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_111-112_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_111-112-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 January 1947, Pasolini wrote a declaration that was published on the front page of the newspaper <i>Libertà</i>: "In our opinion, we think that currently only Communism is able to provide a new culture." It generated controversy, partly due to the fact he was still not a member of the PCI. Pasolini planned to extend the work of the Academiuta to the literature of other <a href="/wiki/Romance_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance language">Romance languages</a>, and met <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exiled</a> <a href="/wiki/Catalan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan people">Catalan</a> poet Carles Cardó. He took part in several demonstrations after joining the PCI. In May 1949, he attended the Peace Congress in Paris. Observing the struggles of workers and peasants, and watching the clashes of protesters with Italian police, he began to conceive his first novel. During this period, while holding a position as a teacher in a secondary school, he stood out in the local Italian Communist Party section as a skilful writer, while defying the official Party platform that <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a> was <a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Christian">anti-Christian</a>. Along with the Party leadership, local Christian Democrats and Catholic clergy also took notice. In the summer of 1949, Pasolini was warned by a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic priest">Roman Catholic priest</a> to renounce <a href="/wiki/Marxist-Leninism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist-Leninism">Marxist-Leninism</a> or lose his teaching position. Similarly, after some posters were put up in Udine, Giambattista Caron, a Christian Democrat deputy, warned Pasolini's cousin Nico Naldini that "[Pasolini] should abandon communist propaganda" to prevent "pernicious reactions".<sup id="cite_ref-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_148_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_148-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-fascism_and_1968_protests">Anti-fascism and 1968 protests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Anti-fascism and 1968 protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pasolini generated heated public discussion with controversial analyses of public affairs. For instance, autonomist university students were carrying on a guerrilla-style uprising against the police in the streets of Rome during the disorders of 1968. For their supporters, the disorders were a civil fight of the proletariat against the system. Pasolini made comments that have been interpreted that he was with the police or that he was a man of order, and that he was an anti-anti-fascist.<sup id="cite_ref-Centro_Studi_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_2018_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centro_Studi_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_2018-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Centro Studi Pier Paolo Pasolini, the myth of an "anti-anti-fascist" Pasolini served to propose unlikely anti-globalist alliances by neo-fascists.<sup id="cite_ref-Centro_Studi_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_2018_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centro_Studi_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_2018-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Anti-antifascismo</i> was never used by Pasolini and was only added in later years as the title of the <i>Scritti corsari</i> collection.<sup id="cite_ref-Centro_Studi_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_2018_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centro_Studi_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_2018-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pasolini used the concept to attack various institutional subjects, such as <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a>, the Italian president <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a>, <a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a>, and the Health Commission of the Chamber of Deputies, which were all guilty of ignoring some requests from <a href="/wiki/Marco_Pannella" title="Marco Pannella">Marco Pannella</a>, who had been on hunger strike for over two months.<sup id="cite_ref-Centro_Studi_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_2018_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centro_Studi_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_2018-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He excluded the PCI from those parties of the constitutional arc that, as declared by Pasolini in June 1975, tried to "rebuild an anti-fascist virginity ... but, at the same time, maintaining the impunity of the fascist gangs that they, if they wanted, would liquidate in a day."<sup id="cite_ref-Centro_Studi_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_2018_49-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centro_Studi_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_2018-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main source regarding Pasolini's views of the student movement is his poem "Il PCI ai giovani" ("The PCI to Young People"), written after the Battle of Valle Giulia. Addressing the students, he tells them that, unlike the international news media which has been reporting on them, he will not flatter them. He points out that they are the children of the <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a> ("<i>Avete facce di figli di papà / Vi odio come odio i vostri papà</i>" – "You have the faces of daddy's boys / I hate you like I hate your dads"), before stating "<i>Quando ieri a Valle Giulia avete fatto a botte coi poliziotti / io simpatizzavo coi poliziotti</i>" ("When you and the policemen were throwing punches yesterday at Valle Giulia / I was sympathising with the policemen"). He explained that this sympathy was because the policemen were "<i>figli di poveri</i>" ("children of the poor"). The poem highlights the aspect of generational struggle within the bourgeoisie represented by the student movement: "<i>Stampa e Corriere della Sera, News- week e Monde / vi leccano il culo. Siete i loro figli / la loro speranza, il loro futuro... Se mai / si tratta di una lotta intestina</i>" ("<i><a href="/wiki/La_Stampa" title="La Stampa">Stampa</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> / they kiss your arse. You are their children / their hope, their future... If anything / it's in-fighting").<sup id="cite_ref-pci_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pci-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1968 revolt was seen by Pasolini as an internal, benign reform of the establishment in Italy, since the protesters were part of the petite bourgeoisie.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poem also implied a class hypocrisy on the part of the establishment towards the protesters, asking whether young workers would be treated similarly if they behaved in the same way: "<i>Occupate le università / ma dite che la stessa idea venga / a dei giovani operai / E allora: Corriere della Sera e Stampa, Newsweek e Monde / avranno tanta sollecitudine / nel cercar di comprendere i loro problemi? / La polizia si limiterà a prendere un po’ di botte / dentro una fabbrica occupata? / Ma, soprattutto, come potrebbe concedersi / un giovane operaio di occupare una fabbrica / senza morire di fame dopo tre giorni?</i>" ("Occupy the universities / but say that the same idea comes / to young workers / So: <i>Corriere della Sera</i> and <i>Stampa</i>, <i>Newsweek</i> and <i>Le Monde</i> / will have so much care / in trying to understand their problems? / Will the police just get a bit of a fight / inside an occupied factory? / But above all, how could / a young worker be allowed to occupy a factory / without dying of hunger after three days?"<sup id="cite_ref-pci_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pci-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pasolini suggested that the police were the true proletariat, sent to fight for a poor salary and for reasons which they could not understand, against pampered boys of their same age, because they had not had the fortune of being able to study, referring to "<i>poliziotti figli di proletari meridionali picchiati da figli di papà in vena di bravate</i>" (lit. "policemen, sons of proletarian southerners, beaten up by arrogant daddy's boys"). He found that the policemen were but the outer layer of the real power, e.g. the judiciary.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pasolini was not alien to courts and trials. During all his life, Pasolini was frequently entangled in up to 33 lawsuits filed against him, variously charged with "public disgrace", "foul language", "obscenity", "pornography", "contempt of religion", and "contempt of the state", for which he was always eventually acquitted.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The conventional interpretation of Pasolini's position has been challenged.<sup id="cite_ref-Centro_Studi_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_2018_49-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centro_Studi_Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_2018-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an article published in 2015, <a href="/wiki/Wu_Ming" title="Wu Ming">Wu Ming</a> argued that Pasolini's statements need to be understood in the context of Pasolini's self-confessed hatred of the bourgeoisie which had persecuted him for so long, as "Il PCI ai giovani" states that "We (i.e. Pasolini and the students) are obviously in agreement against the police institution", and that the poem portrays policemen as dehumanised by their work. Although the battles between students and the police were fights between the rich and the poor, Pasolini concedes that the students were "on the side of reason" whilst the police were "in the wrong". Wu Ming suggested that Pasolini intended to express scepticism regarding the idea of students being a revolutionary force, contending that only the working class could make a revolution and that revolutionary students should join the PCI. Furthermore, he cites a column by Pasolini which was published in the magazine <i>Tempo</i> later that year, which described the student movement, along with the wartime resistance, as "the Italian people's only two democratic-revolutionary experiences". That year, he also wrote in support of the PCI's proposals for disarming the police, arguing that this would create a break in the psychology of policemen. He said: "It would lead to the sudden collapse of that 'false idea of himself' ascribed to him by Power, which has programmed him like a robot." Pasolini's polemics were aimed at goading protesters into re-thinking their revolt, and did not stop him from contributing to the autonomist <i><a href="/wiki/Lotta_Continua" title="Lotta Continua">Lotta Continua</a></i> movement, who he described as "extremists, yes, maybe fanatic and insolently boorish from a cultural point of view, but they push their luck and that is precisely why I think they deserve to be supported. We must want too much to obtain a little."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wu_Ming_2016_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu_Ming_2016-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rising_society_of_consumption">Rising society of consumption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Rising society of consumption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pasolini was particularly concerned about the class of the <a href="/wiki/Subproletariat" class="mw-redirect" title="Subproletariat">subproletariat</a>, which he portrayed in <i><a href="/wiki/Accattone" title="Accattone">Accattone</a></i>, and to which he felt both humanly and artistically drawn. He observed that the kind of purity which he perceived in the pre-industrial popular culture was rapidly vanishing, a process that he named <i>la scomparsa delle lucciole</i> (lit. "the disappearance of the fireflies"). The <i>joie de vivre</i> of boys was being rapidly replaced with more bourgeois ambitions such as a house and a family. He was critical of those leftists who held a "traditional and never admitted hatred against lumpenproletariats and poor populations". In 1958, he called on the PCI to become "'the party of the poor people': the party, we may say, of the lumpenproletarians".<sup id="cite_ref-jacobin_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jacobin-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pasolini's stance finds its roots in the belief that a <a href="/wiki/Copernican_federalism" title="Copernican federalism">Copernican</a> change was taking place in Italian society and the world. Linked to that very idea, he was also an ardent critic of <i>consumismo</i>, i.e. <a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">consumerism</a>, which he felt had rapidly destroyed Italian society from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s. He described the <a href="/wiki/Coprophagia" title="Coprophagia">coprophagia</a> scenes in <i>Salò</i> as a comment on the processed food industry. As he saw it, the society of consumerism ("neocapitalism") and the "new fascism" had thus expanded an alienation / homogenization and centralization that the former clerical fascism had not managed to achieve, so bringing about an anthropological change.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That change is related to the loss of <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanism</a> and the expansion of productivity as central to the human condition, which he despised. He found that 'new culture' was degrading and vulgar.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one interview, he said: "I hate with particular vehemency the current power, the power of 1975, which is a power that manipulates bodies in a horrible way; a manipulation that has nothing to envy to that performed by <a href="/wiki/Himmler" class="mw-redirect" title="Himmler">Himmler</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>." According to Pasolini scholar Simona Bondavalli, Pasolini's definition of neo-capitalism as a "new fascism" enforced uniform conformity without resorting to coercive means. As Pasolini put it, "No Fascist centralism succeeded in doing what the centralism of consumer culture did."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philosopher Davide Tarizzo summarized Pasolini's position: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"In his view, both old and new fascisms undermine the fundamentals of modern democracy. Yet new fascism does not do this by absolutizing popular sovereignty at the expense of individual rights. New fascism celebrates our freedoms and absolutizes human rights to the detriment of our sense of belonging to a social-political community. Therefore, old and new fascisms strive to accomplish democracy—which is the restless ambition of fascism—via opposite routes. In the former case, the result is the birth of political subjects such as the master race, supported by revelatory political grammar. In the latter case, the result is the birth of an altogether different subject, which is no longer a political actor, properly speaking, but a passive, anonymous entity: the human population."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strong_criticism_of_Christian_Democracy">Strong criticism of Christian Democracy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Strong criticism of Christian Democracy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_1975.jpg/200px-Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_1975.jpg/300px-Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_1975.jpg/400px-Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_1975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="781" /></a><figcaption>Pasolini in 1975</figcaption></figure> <p>Pasolini saw some continuity between the Fascist era and the post-war political system which was led by the Christian Democrats, describing the latter as "clerico-fascism" due to its use of the state as a repressive instrument and its manipulation of power: he saw the conditions among the Roman sub proletariat in the <i>borgate</i> as an example of this, being marginalised and segregated socially and geographically as they were under Fascism, and in conflict with a criminal police force.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu_Ming_2016_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu_Ming_2016-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also blamed the Christian Democrats for assimilating the values of consumer capitalism, contributing to what he saw as the erosion of human values.<sup id="cite_ref-od_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1975_Italian_regional_elections" title="1975 Italian regional elections">1975 Italian regional elections</a> saw the rise of the leftist parties, and dwelling on his blunt, ever more political approach and prophetic style during this period, he declared in <i>Corriere della Sera</i> that the time had come to put the most prominent Christian Democrat figures on trial, where they would need to be shown walking in handcuffs and led by the <a href="/wiki/Carabinieri" title="Carabinieri">Carabinieri</a>; he felt that this was the only way they could be removed from power.<sup id="cite_ref-od_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_pp._388-389_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_pp._388-389-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pasolini charged the Christian Democratic leadership with being "riddled with Mafia influence", covering up a number of <a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">bombings by neo-fascists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Gladio#Italy" title="Operation Gladio">collaborating with the CIA</a>, and working with the CIA and the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Italian Armed Forces</a> to prevent the rise of the left.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-od_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_linked_to_cultural_alienation">Television linked to cultural alienation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Television linked to cultural alienation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pasolini was angered by <a href="/wiki/Economic_globalization" title="Economic globalization">economic globalization</a> and cultural domination of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">North of Italy</a> (around <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>) over other regions, especially the South.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title=" (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He felt this was accomplished through the power of television. A debate TV programme recorded in 1971, where he denounced censorship, was not actually aired until the day following his murder in November 1975. In a PCI reform plan that he drew up in September and October 1975, among the desirable measures to be implemented, he cited the abolition of television.<sup id="cite_ref-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_pp._388-389_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_pp._388-389-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Veltroni_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Walter_Veltroni_01.jpg/250px-Walter_Veltroni_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Walter_Veltroni_01.jpg/375px-Walter_Veltroni_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Walter_Veltroni_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Pasolini between <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Adornato" title="Ferdinando Adornato">Ferdinando Adornato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Veltroni" title="Walter Veltroni">Walter Veltroni</a> during an <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">anti-francoist</a> demonstration in Rome in September 1975</figcaption></figure> <p>Pasolini opposed the gradual disappearance of <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Italy's minority languages</a> by writing some of his poetry in <a href="/wiki/Friulan" class="mw-redirect" title="Friulan">Friulan</a>, the regional language of his childhood. His opposition to the liberalization of abortion law made him unpopular on the left.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1968, Pasolini engaged with the <a href="/wiki/Left-libertarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-libertarian">left-libertarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-clerical" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-clerical">anti-clerical</a>, and liberal <a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(Italy)" title="Radical Party (Italy)">Radical Party</a> (<i>Partito Radicale</i>). He involved himself in <a href="/wiki/Polemics" class="mw-redirect" title="Polemics">polemics</a> with party leader <a href="/wiki/Marco_Pannella" title="Marco Pannella">Marco Pannella</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-od_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> supported the Party's initiative calling for eight <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendums</a> on various liberalising reforms,<sup id="cite_ref-rr_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rr-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had accepted an invitation to speak at the Party's congress before he was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-jacobin_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jacobin-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite supporting the holding of a referendum on the decriminalisation of abortion, he was opposed to actually decriminalising it,<sup id="cite_ref-rr_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rr-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he also criticised the Party's understanding of democratic activism as being a matter of equalising access to capitalist markets for the working class and other <a href="/wiki/Subaltern_(postcolonialism)" title="Subaltern (postcolonialism)">subaltern</a> groups.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview he gave shortly before his death, Pasolini stated he frequently disagreed with the Party.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued to give qualified support to the PCI.<sup id="cite_ref-od_61-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in June 1975, he said that he would still vote for the PCI because he felt it was "an island where critical consciousness is always desperately defended: and where human behaviour has been still able to preserve the old dignity", and in his final months he became close to the Rome section of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Youth_Federation" title="Italian Communist Youth Federation">Italian Communist Youth Federation</a>. A Federation activist, Vincenzo Cerami, delivered the speech he was due to give at the Radical Party congress: in it, Pasolini confirmed his Marxism and his support for the PCI.<sup id="cite_ref-jacobin_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jacobin-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside of Italy, Pasolini took a particular interest in the <a href="/wiki/Developing_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing world">developing world</a>, seeing parallels between life among the Italian underclass and in the third world, going so far as to declare that <a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung</a> was the capital of three-quarters of the world and half of Italy. He was also positive about the <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> in the United States, predicting that it would "lead to an original form of non-Marxist Socialism" and writing that the movement reminded him of the Italian Resistance. Pasolini saw these two areas of struggle as inter-linked: after visiting <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> he stated that "the core of the struggle for the Third World revolution is really America".<sup id="cite_ref-jacobin_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jacobin-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Murder_and_death"><span class="anchor" id="Murder"></span>Murder and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Murder and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pasolini was murdered on 2 November 1975 at a beach in <a href="/wiki/Ostia_(Rome)" title="Ostia (Rome)">Ostia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost unrecognizable, Pasolini was savagely beaten and also run over several times with his own car. Multiple bones were broken and his <a href="/wiki/Testicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Testicles">testicles</a> were crushed by what appeared to have been a metal bar.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Autopsy" title="Autopsy">autopsy</a> revealed that his body had been partially burned with gasoline after his death. The crime was long viewed as a <a href="/wiki/Mafia" title="Mafia">Mafia</a>-style <a href="/wiki/Revenge_killing" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenge killing">revenge killing</a>, one that was extremely unlikely to have been carried out by only one person. Pasolini was buried in <a href="/wiki/Casarsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Casarsa">Casarsa</a>. </p><p>Giuseppe "Pino" Pelosi (1958–2017), then 17 years old, was caught driving Pasolini's car and confessed to the murder. He was convicted and sentenced to 9 years in prison in 1976,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> initially with "unknown others", but this phrase was later removed from the verdict.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-independent_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twenty-nine years later, on 7 May 2005, Pelosi retracted his confession, which he said had been made under the threat of violence to his family.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He claimed that three people "with a <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern</a> accent" had committed the murder, while further insulting Pasolini as a "dirty communist".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other evidence uncovered in 2005 suggested that Pasolini had been murdered by an <a href="/wiki/Extortion" title="Extortion">extortionist</a>. Testimony by his friend Sergio Citti indicated that some of the rolls of film from <i><a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%B2,_or_the_120_Days_of_Sodom" title="Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom">Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom</a></i> had been stolen, and that Pasolini planned to meet with and negotiate its return from the thieves on 2 November 1975 following a visit to <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Citti's investigation uncovered additional evidence, including a bloody wooden stick and an eyewitness who said he saw a group of men pull Pasolini from the car.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-independent_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rome police reopened the murder as a <a href="/wiki/Cold_case" title="Cold case">cold case</a> after Pelosi's retraction, but the <a href="/wiki/Investigative_magistrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigative magistrate">investigative magistrates</a> responsible for the investigation found that the new elements were insufficient to justify a continued inquiry. As of 2023, a plea to reopen the case was filed based on DNA analysis and links the murder to the <a href="/wiki/Banda_della_Magliana" title="Banda della Magliana">Banda della Magliana</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime_in_Italy" title="Organized crime in Italy">criminal organisation</a> with close ties to <a href="/wiki/Armed,_far-right_organizations_in_Italy" title="Armed, far-right organizations in Italy">far-right terrorism</a>, as the probable culprits.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a director, Pasolini created a <a href="/wiki/Picaresque" class="mw-redirect" title="Picaresque">picaresque</a> <a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">neorealism</a>, showing a sad reality. Many people did not want to see such portrayals in artistic work for public distribution. <i><a href="/wiki/Mamma_Roma" title="Mamma Roma">Mamma Roma</a></i> (1962), featuring <a href="/wiki/Anna_Magnani" title="Anna Magnani">Anna Magnani</a> and telling the story of a prostitute and her son, was an affront to the public ideals of the morality of those times. His works, with their unequalled poetry applied to cruel realities, showed that such realities were less distant from most daily lives, and contributed to changes in the Italian psyche.<sup id="cite_ref-JAM8_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAM8-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pasolini's work often engendered disapproval perhaps primarily because of his frequent focus on sexual behaviour, and the contrast between what he presented and what was publicly sanctioned. While Pasolini's poetry often dealt with his gay love interests, this was not the only, or even main, theme. His interest in and use of Italian dialects should also be noted. Much of the poetry was about his highly revered mother. He depicted certain corners of the contemporary reality as few other poets could do. His poetry, which took some time before it was translated, was not as well known outside Italy as were his films. A collection in English was published in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-noonday_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noonday-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pasolini also developed a philosophy of language mainly related to his studies on cinema.<sup id="cite_ref-JAM7_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAM7-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This theoretical and critical activity was another hotly debated topic. His collected articles and responses are still available today.<sup id="cite_ref-JAM8_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAM8-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These studies can be considered the foundation of his artistic point of view: he believed that the language—such as English, Italian, dialect or other—is a rigid system in which human thought is trapped. He also thought that the cinema is the "written" language of reality which, like any other written language, enables man to see things from the point of view of truth.<sup id="cite_ref-JAM7_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAM7-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His films won awards at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="Berlin International Film Festival">Berlin International Film Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a>, Italian National Syndicate for Film Journalists, <a href="/wiki/Jussi_Awards" title="Jussi Awards">Jussi Awards</a>, Kinema Junpo Awards, International Catholic Film Office and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Critics_Circle" title="New York Film Critics Circle">New York Film Critics Circle</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_St._Matthew_(film)" title="The Gospel According to St. Matthew (film)">The Gospel According to St. Matthew</a></i> was nominated for the United Nations Award of the <a href="/wiki/21st_British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="21st British Academy Film Awards">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a> (BAFTA) in 1968. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Title </th> <th scope="col">Writer </th> <th scope="col">Director </th> <th scope="col">Soundtrack </th> <th scope="col">Role </th> <th scope="col">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1955 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_River_Girl" title="The River Girl">The River Girl</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Nights_of_Cabiria" title="Nights of Cabiria">Nights of Cabiria</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1958 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Husbands" title="Young Husbands">Young Husbands</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bad_Girls_Don%27t_Cry" title="Bad Girls Don't Cry">Bad Girls Don't Cry</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">1960 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Long_Night_in_1943" title="Long Night in 1943">Long Night in 1943</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Rome" title="The Hunchback of Rome">The Hunchback of Rome</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>Monco </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/La_Dolce_Vita" class="mw-redirect" title="La Dolce Vita">La Dolce Vita</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Il_bell%27Antonio" title="Il bell'Antonio">Il bell'Antonio</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/From_a_Roman_Balcony" title="From a Roman Balcony">From a Roman Balcony</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1961 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Accattone" title="Accattone">Accattone</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Girl_in_the_Window" title="Girl in the Window">Girl in the Window</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mamma_Roma" title="Mamma Roma">Mamma Roma</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1963 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ro.Go.Pa.G." title="Ro.Go.Pa.G.">Ro.Go.Pa.G.</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td><span class="nowrap">Segment: "La ricotta"</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/La_rabbia" title="La rabbia">La rabbia</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td>Documentary </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_St._Matthew_(film)" title="The Gospel According to St. Matthew (film)">The Gospel According to St. Matthew</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1965 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Meetings" title="Love Meetings">Love Meetings</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>The Interviewer </td> <td>Documentary </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Location_Hunting_in_Palestine" title="Location Hunting in Palestine">Location Hunting in Palestine</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Documentary </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hawks_and_the_Sparrows" title="The Hawks and the Sparrows">The Hawks and the Sparrows</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1967 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Requiescant" title="Requiescant">Requiescant</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>Don Juan </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Witches_(1967_film)" title="The Witches (1967 film)">The Witches</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td>Segment: "La Terra vista dalla Luna" </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(1967_film)" title="Oedipus Rex (1967 film)">Oedipus Rex</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>High Priest </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1968 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Teorema" title="Teorema">Teorema</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Appunti_per_un_film_sull%27India" title="Appunti per un film sull'India">Appunti per un film sull'India</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Documentary </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Caprice_Italian_Style" title="Caprice Italian Style">Caprice Italian Style</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>— </td> <td>Segment: "Cosa sono le nuvole?" </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1969 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Love_and_Anger_(film)" title="Love and Anger (film)">Love and Anger</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td>Segment: "La sequenza del fiore di carta" </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Pigsty_(film)" title="Pigsty (film)">Pigsty</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Medea_(1969_film)" title="Medea (1969 film)">Medea</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1970 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ostia_(film)" title="Ostia (film)">Ostia</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Notes_Towards_an_African_Orestes" title="Notes Towards an African Orestes">Notes Towards an African Orestes</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>Narrator (voice) </td> <td>Documentary </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Decameron_(1971_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Decameron (1971 film)">The Decameron</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>Giotto's Pupil </td> <td>First in the <i>Trilogy of Life.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales_(film)" title="The Canterbury Tales (film)">The Canterbury Tales</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Chaucer </td> <td>Second in the <i>Trilogy of Life.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bawdy_Tales" title="Bawdy Tales">Bawdy Tales</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Nights_(1974_film)" title="Arabian Nights (1974 film)">Arabian Nights</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td>Third in the <i>Trilogy of Life.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%B2,_or_the_120_Days_of_Sodom" title="Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom">Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom</a></i> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>— </td> <td>Released three weeks after his murder. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many documentaries and films have been released since the time of his murder, some of which include: </p> <ul><li><i>Das Mitleid ist gestorben</i>, a documentary directed by Ebbo Demant and released in 1978.</li> <li>In 1986, the avant-garde band <a href="/wiki/Coil_(band)" title="Coil (band)">Coil</a> released their album <i><a href="/wiki/Horse_Rotorvator" title="Horse Rotorvator">Horse Rotorvator</a></i>, which includes the track "Ostia (The Death of Pasolini)" in tribute to the late filmmaker.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Killed_Pasolini%3F" title="Who Killed Pasolini?">Who Killed Pasolini?</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Marco_Tullio_Giordana" title="Marco Tullio Giordana">Marco Tullio Giordana</a> in 1995. The film reconstructs the trial of Pino Pelosi, accused of Pasolini's murder.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Re:_Pasolini" title="Re: Pasolini">Re: Pasolini</a></i>, made by <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Battaglia" title="Stefano Battaglia">Stefano Battaglia</a> in 2005, was dedicated to Pasolini.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pasolini_(film)" title="Pasolini (film)">Pasolini</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Abel_Ferrara" title="Abel Ferrara">Abel Ferrara</a>. A 2014 biopic directed about Pasolini, with <a href="/wiki/Willem_Dafoe" title="Willem Dafoe">Willem Dafoe</a> in the lead role. It was selected to compete for the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Lion" title="Golden Lion">Golden Lion</a> at the <a href="/wiki/71st_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="71st Venice International Film Festival">71st Venice International Film Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Venice_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venice-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Deadline_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deadline-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>PPPasolini</i>, directed by Malga Kubiak, a drama movie based on the story of Pier Paolo Pasolini's life and death, released in 2015. The movie was screened at the seventh edition of the LGBT Film Festival in Warsaw, and received a People's Choice Award at the festival.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBT_Film_Festival_In_Warsaw_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBT_Film_Festival_In_Warsaw-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_macchinazione" title="La macchinazione">La macchinazione</a></i>, directed by his former collaborator <a href="/wiki/David_Grieco" title="David Grieco">David Grieco</a>, a 2016 biopic on the last hours of Pasolini's life starring <a href="/wiki/Massimo_Ranieri" title="Massimo Ranieri">Massimo Ranieri</a> as Pasolini.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasolini_(film)" title="Pasolini (film)"><i>Pasolini</i> (film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_macchinazione" title="La macchinazione">La macchinazione</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsolved_murders" class="mw-redirect" title="List of unsolved murders">List of unsolved murders</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The translated English title is used infrequently.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news-art.it/news/il-dissenso-di-un-intellettuale---pier-paolo-pasolini--a-cento-anni-dalla-nascita--.htm">"Il Dissenso di un Intellettuale: Pier Paolo Pasolini, a Cen"</a>. <i>news-art.it</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news-art.it&rft.atitle=Il+Dissenso+di+un+Intellettuale%3A+Pier+Paolo+Pasolini%2C+a+Cen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews-art.it%2Fnews%2Fil-dissenso-di-un-intellettuale---pier-paolo-pasolini--a-cento-anni-dalla-nascita--.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuarti2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Quarti, Matilde (18 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.illibraio.it/news/dautore/pier-paolo-pasolini-una-vita-violenta-670175/">"La vita e i libri di Pier Paolo Pasolini, intellettuale corsaro"</a>. <i>ilLibraio.it</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ilLibraio.it&rft.atitle=La+vita+e+i+libri+di+Pier+Paolo+Pasolini%2C+intellettuale+corsaro&rft.date=2017-11-18&rft.aulast=Quarti&rft.aufirst=Matilde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.illibraio.it%2Fnews%2Fdautore%2Fpier-paolo-pasolini-una-vita-violenta-670175%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repubblica.it/cultura/2021/11/15/news/pier_paolo_pasolini_l_uomo_l_artista_l_intellettuale_un_volume_in_digitale_dell_espresso-325751209/">"Pier Paolo Pasolini, l'uomo, l'artista, l'intellettuale: un volume in digitale dell'Espresso"</a>. <i>la Repubblica</i> (in Italian). 15 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=la+Repubblica&rft.atitle=Pier+Paolo+Pasolini%2C+l%27uomo%2C+l%27artista%2C+l%27intellettuale%3A+un+volume+in+digitale+dell%27Espresso&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repubblica.it%2Fcultura%2F2021%2F11%2F15%2Fnews%2Fpier_paolo_pasolini_l_uomo_l_artista_l_intellettuale_un_volume_in_digitale_dell_espresso-325751209%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cultura/libri/approfondimenti/2022/02/27/ansa/pasolini-100-anni-intellettuale-sempre-piu-profetico_a38cd552-4019-4ec2-953e-f486bf9607d4.html">"Pasolini 100 anni intellettuale sempre più profetico - Libri - Approfondimenti"</a>. <i>Agenzia ANSA</i> (in Italian). 27 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agenzia+ANSA&rft.atitle=Pasolini+100+anni+intellettuale+sempre+pi%C3%B9+profetico+-+Libri+-+Approfondimenti&rft.date=2022-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ansa.it%2Fsito%2Fnotizie%2Fcultura%2Flibri%2Fapprofondimenti%2F2022%2F02%2F27%2Fansa%2Fpasolini-100-anni-intellettuale-sempre-piu-profetico_a38cd552-4019-4ec2-953e-f486bf9607d4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-berlinale_1971-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-berlinale_1971_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berlinale_1971_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504155337/http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1971/03_preistr_ger_1971/03_Preistraeger_1971.html">"Berlinale 1972: Prize Winners"</a>. <i>berlinale.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1971/03_preistr_ger_1971/03_Preistraeger_1971.html">the original</a> on 4 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=berlinale.de&rft.atitle=Berlinale+1972%3A+Prize+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlinale.de%2Fen%2Farchiv%2Fjahresarchive%2F1971%2F03_preistr_ger_1971%2F03_Preistraeger_1971.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collegefilmandmediastudies.com/pier-paolo-pasolini-cultural-hegemony-film-analysis-robin-cross/">Pier Paolo Pasolini: Cultural Hegemony. Film Analysis Robin Cross</a>. College Film & Media Studies. Retrieved 2 November 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ansa.it/english/news/lifestyle/arts/2023/03/03/plea-to-reopen-pasolini-murder-file-presented_823996a4-df79-4d90-be86-434d0010017a.html">"Plea to reopen Pasolini murder file presented"</a>. <i>ANSA</i>. 3 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ANSA&rft.atitle=Plea+to+reopen+Pasolini+murder+file+presented&rft.date=2023-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ansa.it%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Flifestyle%2Farts%2F2023%2F03%2F03%2Fplea-to-reopen-pasolini-murder-file-presented_823996a4-df79-4d90-be86-434d0010017a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank Northen Magill, <i>Critical survey of poetry: foreign language series</i>, Salem Press, 1984, p. 1145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiciliano2014" class="citation book cs1">Siciliano, Enzo (2014). <i>Pasolini; Una vida tormentosa</i>. Torres de Papel. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-943726-4-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-943726-4-3"><bdi>978-84-943726-4-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pasolini%3B+Una+vida+tormentosa&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Torres+de+Papel&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-84-943726-4-3&rft.aulast=Siciliano&rft.aufirst=Enzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/drugo/ste-vedeli-da-je-pier-paolo-pasolini-v-otrostvu-nekaj-casa-zivel-v-idriji/294028">Ste vedeli, da je Pier Paolo Pasolini v otroštvu nekaj časa živel v Idriji?: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija</a>. Rtvslo.si (20 October 2012). Retrieved 22 May 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stack, O. (1969). <i>Pasolini on Pasolini</i>, pp. 15–17, London: Thames and Hudson.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, N.S. (1981), <i>Pier Paolo Pasolini: Poet and Prophet</i>, in Murray, Glen (ed.), <i><a href="/wiki/Cencrastus" title="Cencrastus">Cencrastus</a></i> No. 7, Winter 1981 - 82, pp. 30 - 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guy Flatley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moviecrazed.com/outpast/pasolini.html">The Atheist who was Obsessed with God</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172047/http://www.moviecrazed.com/outpast/pasolini.html">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 1969, located at Moviecrazed.com (accessed 25 April 2008).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-poetry_foundation-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-poetry_foundation_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-poetry_foundation_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/pier-paolo-pasolini">Pier Paolo Pasolini, 1922–1975</a> <a href="/wiki/Poetry_Foundation" title="Poetry Foundation">Poetry Foundation</a>. Retrieved May 9, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartellini2006" class="citation book cs1">Martellini, Luigi (2006). <i>Pier Paolo Pasolini; Retrato de un intelectual</i>. Valencia: Universidad de Valencia. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-370-7928-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-370-7928-8"><bdi>978-84-370-7928-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pier+Paolo+Pasolini%3B+Retrato+de+un+intelectual&rft.place=Valencia&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Universidad+de+Valencia&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-84-370-7928-8&rft.aulast=Martellini&rft.aufirst=Luigi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martelini, L. 2006, p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martelini, L. 2006, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martelini,_L._2006,_p._48-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Martelini,_L._2006,_p._48_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martelini,_L._2006,_p._48_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martelini,_L._2006,_p._48_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martelini, L. 2006, p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martelini, L. 2006, p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Samuel_Clive_Gordon1996" class="citation book cs1">Robert Samuel Clive Gordon (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mD2SNnKlK5sC&pg=PA47"><i>Pasolini: Forms of Subjectivity</i></a>. Clarendon Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815905-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815905-6"><bdi>978-0-19-815905-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pasolini%3A+Forms+of+Subjectivity&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-815905-6&rft.au=Robert+Samuel+Clive+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmD2SNnKlK5sC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jacobin-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jacobin_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jacobin_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jacobin_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jacobin_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jacobin_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeretti2018" class="citation web cs1">Peretti, Luca (1 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobinmag.com/2018/06/pier-paolo-pasolini-pci-communist-party">"Remembering Pier Paolo Pasolini"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jacobin&rft.atitle=Remembering+Pier+Paolo+Pasolini&rft.date=2018-06-01&rft.aulast=Peretti&rft.aufirst=Luca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjacobinmag.com%2F2018%2F06%2Fpier-paolo-pasolini-pci-communist-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmma_Baron2018" class="citation book cs1">Emma Baron (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90963-9_3">"Dear Intellectual: The Cultural Advice Columns"</a>. <i>Popular High Culture in Italian Media, 1950–1970</i>. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-90963-9_3">10.1007/978-3-319-90963-9_3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-90963-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-90963-9"><bdi>978-3-319-90963-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dear+Intellectual%3A+The+Cultural+Advice+Columns&rft.btitle=Popular+High+Culture+in+Italian+Media%2C+1950%E2%80%931970&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-90963-9_3&rft.isbn=978-3-319-90963-9&rft.au=Emma+Baron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-90963-9_3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.bl.uk/european/2015/06/pasolini-and-st-paul.html">"Pasolini and St Paul"</a>. <i>British Library</i>. 15 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Pasolini+and+St+Paul&rft.date=2015-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bl.uk%2Feuropean%2F2015%2F06%2Fpasolini-and-st-paul.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadiou2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Badiou, Alain</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51093150"><i>Saint Paul : the foundation of universalism</i></a>. Stanford, Calif.: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. pp. 36–37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-4470-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-4470-X"><bdi>0-8047-4470-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51093150">51093150</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Paul+%3A+the+foundation+of+universalism&rft.place=Stanford%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=36-37&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51093150&rft.isbn=0-8047-4470-X&rft.aulast=Badiou&rft.aufirst=Alain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F51093150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadiou2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Badiou, Alain</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51093150"><i>Saint Paul : the foundation of universalism</i></a>. Stanford, Calif.: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. pp. 37–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-4470-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-4470-X"><bdi>0-8047-4470-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51093150">51093150</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Paul+%3A+the+foundation+of+universalism&rft.place=Stanford%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=37-38&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51093150&rft.isbn=0-8047-4470-X&rft.aulast=Badiou&rft.aufirst=Alain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F51093150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadiou2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Badiou, Alain</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51093150"><i>Saint Paul : the foundation of universalism</i></a>. Stanford, Calif.: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-4470-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-4470-X"><bdi>0-8047-4470-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51093150">51093150</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Paul+%3A+the+foundation+of+universalism&rft.place=Stanford%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51093150&rft.isbn=0-8047-4470-X&rft.aulast=Badiou&rft.aufirst=Alain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F51093150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadiou2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Badiou, Alain</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51093150"><i>Saint Paul : the foundation of universalism</i></a>. Stanford, Calif.: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-4470-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-4470-X"><bdi>0-8047-4470-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51093150">51093150</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Paul+%3A+the+foundation+of+universalism&rft.place=Stanford%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51093150&rft.isbn=0-8047-4470-X&rft.aulast=Badiou&rft.aufirst=Alain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F51093150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martelini, L. 2006, p. 192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonopoli" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Monopoli, Leonardo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homolaicus.com/letteratura/pasolini/7.htm">"Pasolini e il cinema"</a>. <i>homolaicus.com</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved 22 May 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pierpaolopasolini.com/bio.htm">"Pier Paolo Pasolini – Biography"</a>. <i>pierpaolopasolini.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pierpaolopasolini.com&rft.atitle=Pier+Paolo+Pasolini+%E2%80%93+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pierpaolopasolini.com%2Fbio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-berlinale_1972-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-berlinale_1972_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140427082617/http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1972/03_preistr_ger_1972/03_Preistraeger_1972.html">"Berlinale 1972: Prize Winners"</a>. <i>berlinale.de</i>. 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Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781503615328" title="Special:BookSources/9781503615328"><bdi>9781503615328</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+grammars%3A+the+unconscious+foundations+of+modern+democracy&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.series=Square+One%3A+First+Order+Questions+in+the+Humanities&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781503615328&rft.aulast=Tarizzo&rft.aufirst=Davide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-od-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-od_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-od_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-od_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-od_61-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-od_61-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews2005" class="citation web cs1">Andrews, Geoff (1 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/pasolini_2982jsp/">"The life and death of Pier Paolo Pasolini"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/OpenDemocracy" title="OpenDemocracy">OpenDemocracy</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenDemocracy&rft.atitle=The+life+and+death+of+Pier+Paolo+Pasolini&rft.date=2005-11-01&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fen%2Fpasolini_2982jsp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_pp._388-389-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_pp._388-389_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siciliano,_Enzo._2014,_pp._388-389_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Siciliano, Enzo. 2014, pp. 388–389</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVulliamy2014" class="citation web cs1">Vulliamy, Ed (24 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/24/who-really-killed-pier-paolo-pasolini-venice-film-festival-biennale-abel-ferrara">"Who really killed Pier Paolo Pasolini?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Who+really+killed+Pier+Paolo+Pasolini%3F&rft.date=2014-08-24&rft.aulast=Vulliamy&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Faug%2F24%2Fwho-really-killed-pier-paolo-pasolini-venice-film-festival-biennale-abel-ferrara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiukkonen" class="citation web cs1">Liukkonen, Petri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060307182247/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/pasolini.htm">"Pier Paolo Pasolini"</a>. <i>Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)</i>. Finland: <a href="/wiki/Kuusankoski" title="Kuusankoski">Kuusankoski</a> Public Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/pasolini.htm">the original</a> on 7 March 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Books+and+Writers+%28kirjasto.sci.fi%29&rft.atitle=Pier+Paolo+Pasolini&rft.aulast=Liukkonen&rft.aufirst=Petri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirjasto.sci.fi%2Fpasolini.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radioradicale.it/exagora/conversation-with-pier-paolo-pasolini">"Conversation with Pier Paolo Pasolini"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Radicale" title="Radio Radicale">Radio Radicale</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Radicale&rft.atitle=Conversation+with+Pier+Paolo+Pasolini&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioradicale.it%2Fexagora%2Fconversation-with-pier-paolo-pasolini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rr-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rr_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rr_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasolini1975" class="citation news cs1">Pasolini, Pier Paolo (1 January 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142021/http://www.radioradicale.it/exagora/abortion-copulation">"L'aborto il coito"</a> [Abortion, Copulation]. <i><a href="/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radioradicale.it/exagora/abortion-copulation">the original</a> on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=L%27aborto+il+coito&rft.date=1975-01-01&rft.aulast=Pasolini&rft.aufirst=Pier+Paolo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioradicale.it%2Fexagora%2Fabortion-copulation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumble1996" class="citation book cs1">Rumble, Patrick (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8YyhCgAAQBAJ&q=%22pier+paolo+pasolini%22+and+%22radical+party%22&pg=PA136"><i>Allegories of Contamination: Pier Paolo Pasolini's Trilogy of Life</i></a>. Toronto Italian Studies. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802072191" title="Special:BookSources/9780802072191"><bdi>9780802072191</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allegories+of+Contamination%3A+Pier+Paolo+Pasolini%27s+Trilogy+of+Life&rft.series=Toronto+Italian+Studies&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780802072191&rft.aulast=Rumble&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8YyhCgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522pier%2Bpaolo%2Bpasolini%2522%2Band%2B%2522radical%2Bparty%2522%26pg%3DPA136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColomboBattista1975" class="citation news cs1">Colombo, Furio; Battista, Anna (8 November 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irenebrination.typepad.com/files/pierpaolopasolini_furiocolombointerview_1975_byabattista.pdf">"Siamo tutti in pericolo"</a> [We are all in danger] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Stampa" title="La Stampa">La Stampa</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Stampa&rft.atitle=Siamo+tutti+in+pericolo&rft.date=1975-11-08&rft.aulast=Colombo&rft.aufirst=Furio&rft.au=Battista%2C+Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firenebrination.typepad.com%2Ffiles%2Fpierpaolopasolini_furiocolombointerview_1975_byabattista.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811183745/https://ilglobo.com/news/the-violent-death-of-inconvenient-intellect-pier-paolo-pasolini-33313/">"The violent death of "inconvenient" intellect, Pier Paolo Pasolini — Italianmedia"</a>. <i>ilglobo.com.au</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ilglobo.com.au/news/33313/the-violent-death-of-inconvenient-intellect-pier-paolo-pasolini/">the original</a> on 11 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ilglobo.com.au&rft.atitle=The+violent+death+of+%22inconvenient%22+intellect%2C+Pier+Paolo+Pasolini+%E2%80%94+Italianmedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Filglobo.com.au%2Fnews%2F33313%2Fthe-violent-death-of-inconvenient-intellect-pier-paolo-pasolini%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarber2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Barber_(writer)" title="Stephen Barber (writer)">Barber, Stephen</a> (17 July 2020). <i>The Massacre Game Pasolini: Terminal Film, Text, Words</i>. Elektron Ebooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781909923072" title="Special:BookSources/9781909923072"><bdi>9781909923072</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Massacre+Game+Pasolini%3A+Terminal+Film%2C+Text%2C+Words&rft.pub=Elektron+Ebooks&rft.date=2020-07-17&rft.isbn=9781909923072&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-independent_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGumbell1995" class="citation news cs1">Gumbell, Andrew (23 September 1995). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/who-killed-pasolini-1602381.html">"Who killed Pasolini?"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/who-killed-pasolini-1602381.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Who+killed+Pasolini%3F&rft.date=1995-09-23&rft.aulast=Gumbell&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fwho-killed-pasolini-1602381.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/c42a46b1-5e3e-44d8-af6e-81831772b7af">"Who really murdered Pier Paolo Pasolini?"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Who+really+murdered+Pier+Paolo+Pasolini%3F&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fc42a46b1-5e3e-44d8-af6e-81831772b7af&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCataldi2005" class="citation news cs1">Cataldi, Benedetto (5 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/4529877.stm">"Pasolini death inquiry reopened"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Pasolini+death+inquiry+reopened&rft.date=2005-05-05&rft.aulast=Cataldi&rft.aufirst=Benedetto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2Ffilm%2F4529877.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702125218/http://www.razon.com.mx/spip.php?article29280">"Asesinato de Pasolini, nueva investigación"</a>. <i>La Razón</i> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.razon.com.mx/spip.php?article29280">the original</a> on 2 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Raz%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Asesinato+de+Pasolini%2C+nueva+investigaci%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.razon.com.mx%2Fspip.php%3Farticle29280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHéctor_Rivera2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Héctor Rivera (28 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120629014013/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/impreso/8742252">"Pasolini de nuevo"</a>. <i>Sentido contrario</i> (in Italian). Grupo Milenio. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/impreso/8742252">the original</a> on 29 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sentido+contrario&rft.atitle=Pasolini+de+nuevo&rft.date=2010-03-28&rft.au=H%C3%A9ctor+Rivera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milenio.com%2Fcdb%2Fdoc%2Fimpreso%2F8742252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140812102235/http://www.cinematismo.com/biografias/pier-paolo-pasolini-1922-1975/">"Pier Paolo Pasolini (1922–1975)"</a> (in Italian). Cinematismo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinematismo.com/biografias/pier-paolo-pasolini-1922-1975/">the original</a> on 12 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pier+Paolo+Pasolini+%281922%E2%80%931975%29&rft.pub=Cinematismo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinematismo.com%2Fbiografias%2Fpier-paolo-pasolini-1922-1975%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:ouU8zYEgmXMJ:rassegnastampa.mef.gov.it/mefinternazionale/PDF/2010/2010-04-02/2010040215372121.pdf+muerte+de+pasolini-+rollos+robados&hl=es&gl=co&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg_Hz3kNu-APpn4-A1D42JjsI01jWmCc2RU0zb8ji3iX5Me-8LlK1uyuIo3mo0-NebUSyoFpa3dPHTIiOtQfs1b07D-_EhM_NYQjqCIObthlxA86VQDWnhZ7wpjQmFbzWDkBQuy&sig=AHIEtbROrSJpidVdGjEyfEHWL7gELlXFTw">Google Drive Viewer</a>. Google, 2 April 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JAM8-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JAM8_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JAM8_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPier_Paolo_Pasolini1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pier Paolo Pasolini (1995). <i>Il Caos (collected articles)</i> (in Italian). Rome: <a href="/wiki/Editori_Riuniti" title="Editori Riuniti">Editori Riuniti</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Il+Caos+%28collected+articles%29&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Editori+Riuniti&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Pier+Paolo+Pasolini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noonday-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-noonday_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPier_Paolo_Pasolini1996" class="citation book cs1">Pier Paolo Pasolini (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pqzRAIwoq8EC&q=pier+paolo+pasolini+collected+poems"><i>Collected Poems</i></a>. Noonday Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780374524692" title="Special:BookSources/9780374524692"><bdi>9780374524692</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collected+Poems&rft.pub=Noonday+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780374524692&rft.au=Pier+Paolo+Pasolini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpqzRAIwoq8EC%26q%3Dpier%2Bpaolo%2Bpasolini%2Bcollected%2Bpoems&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JAM7-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JAM7_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JAM7_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasolini1988–2005" class="citation book cs1">Pasolini, Pier Paolo (1988–2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v0-pPQAACAAJ&q=pier+paolo+pasolini"><i>Heretical empiricism</i></a>. New Academia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780976704225" title="Special:BookSources/9780976704225"><bdi>9780976704225</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heretical+empiricism&rft.pub=New+Academia+Publishing&rft.date=1988%2F2005&rft.isbn=9780976704225&rft.aulast=Pasolini&rft.aufirst=Pier+Paolo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv0-pPQAACAAJ%26q%3Dpier%2Bpaolo%2Bpasolini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._Covi1971" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">A. Covi (1971). <i>Dibattiti sui film</i> (in Italian). Padova: Gregoriana.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dibattiti+sui+film&rft.place=Padova&rft.pub=Gregoriana&rft.date=1971&rft.au=A.+Covi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._Asor_Rosa1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">A. Asor Rosa (1988). <i>Scrittori e Popolo – il populismo nella letteratura italiana contemporanea</i> (in Italian). Torino: Gregoriana.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scrittori+e+Popolo+%E2%80%93+il+populismo+nella+letteratura+italiana+contemporanea&rft.place=Torino&rft.pub=Gregoriana&rft.date=1988&rft.au=A.+Asor+Rosa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Venice-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Venice_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006083927/http://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/71st-festival/line-up/off-sel/venezia71/">"International competition of feature films"</a>. <i>Venice</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/71st-festival/line-up/off-sel/venezia71">the original</a> on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Venice&rft.atitle=International+competition+of+feature+films&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.labiennale.org%2Fen%2Fcinema%2F71st-festival%2Fline-up%2Foff-sel%2Fvenezia71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deadline-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Deadline_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2014/07/venice-film-festival-lineup-2014-movie-list-808803/">"Venice Film Festival Lineup Announced"</a>. <i>Deadline Hollywood</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Venice+Film+Festival+Lineup+Announced&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2014%2F07%2Fvenice-film-festival-lineup-2014-movie-list-808803%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBT_Film_Festival_In_Warsaw-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGBT_Film_Festival_In_Warsaw_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414034113/http://www.lgbtfestival.pl/program---program.html">"7th edition of LGBT Film Festival in Warsaw"</a>. <i>Warszawa</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lgbtfestival.pl/program---program.html">the original</a> on 14 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Warszawa&rft.atitle=7th+edition+of+LGBT+Film+Festival+in+Warsaw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgbtfestival.pl%2Fprogram---program.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.it/2016/03/02/pier-paolo-pasolini-la-macchinazione-david-grieco_n_9365220.html">"Pier Paolo Pasolini: "La Macchinazione", film di David Grieco, chiede la verità sulla morte del poeta"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i>. 2 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Pier+Paolo+Pasolini%3A+%22La+Macchinazione%22%2C+film+di+David+Grieco%2C+chiede+la+verit%C3%A0+sulla+morte+del+poeta&rft.date=2016-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.it%2F2016%2F03%2F02%2Fpier-paolo-pasolini-la-macchinazione-david-grieco_n_9365220.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aichele, George. "Translation as De-canonization: Matthew's Gospel According to Pasolini – filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini – Critical Essay." <i>Cross Currents</i> (2002).</li> <li>Chiesa, Lorenzo. <i>Pasolini and the Ugliness of Bodies</i>. In: Polezzi, Loredana and Ross, Charlotte, eds. In Corpore: Bodies in Post-Unification Italy. Farleigh Dickinson University Press, Madison, pp. 208–227. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-4164-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-4164-4">978-0-8386-4164-4</a>.</li> <li>Distefano, John. "Picturing Pasolini", <i>Art Journal</i> (1997).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEberstadt2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fernanda_Eberstadt" title="Fernanda Eberstadt">Eberstadt, Fernanda</a> (2024). <i>Bite Your Friends: Stories of the Body Militant</i>. Europa Editions. pp. 195–242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8-88966-006-4" title="Special:BookSources/979-8-88966-006-4"><bdi>979-8-88966-006-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bite+Your+Friends%3A+Stories+of+the+Body+Militant&rft.pages=195-242&rft.pub=Europa+Editions&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=979-8-88966-006-4&rft.aulast=Eberstadt&rft.aufirst=Fernanda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APier+Paolo+Pasolini" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Eloit, Audrene. "Oedipus Rex by Pier Paolo Pasolini The Palimpsest: Rewriting and the Creation of Pasolini's Cinematic Language." <i>Literature Film Quarterly</i> (2004).</li> <li>Fabbro, Elena (ed.). <i>Il mito greco nell'opera di Pasolini</i>. Atti del Convegno Udine-Casarsa della Delizia, 24–26 ottobre 2002. Udine: Forum (2004); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-8420-230-2" title="Special:BookSources/88-8420-230-2">88-8420-230-2</a></li> <li>Forni, Kathleen. "A "Cinema of Poetry": What Pasolini Did to Chancer's Canterbury Tales." <i>Literature Film Quarterly</i> (2002).</li> <li>Frisch, Anette. "Francesco Vezzolini: Pasolini Reloaded." Interview, Rutgers University Alexander Library, New Brunswick, NJ.</li> <li>Ginzburg, Carlo, Safran, Yehuda, Sherer Daniel. "An Interview with Carlo Ginzburg, by Yehuda Safran and Daniel Sherer." Potlatch 5 (2022), special issue on Carlo Ginzburg. Discussion of Ginzburg's meeting with Pasolini and Elsa Morante and Pasolini's interest in Ginzburg's work as a historian of Friuli.</li> <li>Green, Martin. "The Dialectic Adaptation."</li> <li>Greene, Naomi. <i>Pier Paolo Pasolini: Cinema as Heresy</i>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1990.</li> <li>Hamza, Agon. <i>Althusser and Pasolini - Philosophy, Marxism and Film</i>. Palgrave, NY (2016); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-56651-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-56651-5">978-1-137-56651-5</a></li> <li>Meyer-Krahmer, Benjamin. "Transmediality and Pastiche as Techniques in Pasolini’s Art Production", in: P.P.P. – Pier Paolo Pasolini and death, eds. Bernhart Schwenk, Michael Semff, Ostfildern 2005, pp. 109–118</li> <li>Passannanti, Erminia, <i>Il corpo & il potere. Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma di Pier Paolo Pasolini</i>, Prima edizione, Troubador, Leicester, 2004; Seconda Edizione, Joker, Savona 2008.</li> <li>Passannanti, Erminia, <i>Il Cristo del'Eresia. Pier Paolo Pasolini. Cinema e Censura</i>, Joker, Savona 2009.</li> <li>Passannanti, Erminia, <i>La ricotta. Il Sacro trasgredito. Il cinema di Pier Paolo Pasolini e la censura religiosa</i>, 2009 was also published in "Italy on Screen" (Peter Lang Ed., 2011). The book contains excerpts from the 1962 court trial.</li> <li>Pugh, Tison. "Chaucerian Fabliaux, Cinematic Fabliau: Pier Paolo Pasolini's I racconti di Canterbury", <i>Literature Film Quarterly</i> (2004).</li> <li>Restivo, Angelo. <i>The Cinema of Economic Miracles: Visuality and Modernization in the Italian Art Film</i>. London: Duke UP, 2002.</li> <li>Rohdie, Sam. <i>The Passion of Pier Paolo Pasolini</i>. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana UP, 1995.</li> <li>Rumble, Patrick A. <i>Allegories of contamination: Pier Paolo Pasolini's Trilogy of life</i>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996.</li> <li>Schwartz, Barth D. <i>Pasolini Requiem</i>. 1st ed. New York: Pantheon Books, 1992.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Siciliano" title="Enzo Siciliano">Siciliano, Enzo</a>. <i>Pasolini: A Biography</i>. Trans. John Shepley. New York: Random House, 1982.</li> <li>Thompson, N.S., <i>Pier Paolo Pasolini: Poet and Prophet</i>, in Murray, Glen (ed.), <i><a href="/wiki/Cencrastus" title="Cencrastus">Cencrastus</a></i> No. 7, Winter 1981 - 82, pp. 30 – 32.</li> <li>Tusa, Giovanbattista. "The Pasolinian Century", in: Hildebrandt, Toni and Tusa, Giovanbattista (eds.), <i>PPPP. Pier Paolo Pasolini Philosopher</i>. Mimesis International, 2022, pp. 317–323.</li> <li>Viano, Maurizio. <i>A Certain Realism: Making Use of Pasolini's Film Theory and Practice</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.</li> <li>Willimon, William H. "Faithful to the script", <i>Christian Century</i> (2004).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier_Paolo_Pasolini&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pier Paolo Pasolini">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001596/">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bombmagazine.org/article/2000039/pier-paolo-pasolini-s-em-selected-poetry-em-edited-and-translated-by-stephen-sartarelli">Interview with Jonas Mekas in Bomb Magazine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150618011911/http://bombmagazine.org/article/2000039/pier-paolo-pasolini-s-em-selected-poetry-em-edited-and-translated-by-stephen-sartarelli">Archived</a> 18 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmgalerie451.de/dvd/regisseure/pasolini/">Pasolini on Filmgalerie451</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130416010528/http://www.filmgalerie451.de/dvd/regisseure/pasolini/">Archived</a> 16 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pasolini.net">Piers Paolo Pasolini</a>, Italian Website with Extensive Commentary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2002/great-directors/pasolini/">"Pier Paolo Pasolini"</a>, Senses of Cinema</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/4529877.stm">BBC News Report on the Reopening of the Murder Case</a></li> <li>Guy Flatley: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moviecrazed.com/outpast/pasolini.html">"The Atheist Who Was Obsessed with God"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172047/http://www.moviecrazed.com/outpast/pasolini.html">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, MovieCrazed</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060114110046/http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=43&ItemID=8433">Doug Ireland, "Restoring Pasolini"</a>, ZMag</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808161923/http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/salo/foreword.html">Pasolini's Own Notes on <i>Salò</i> from 1974</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poesiedautore.it/pier-paolo-pasolini">Pier Paolo Pasolini Poems</a> – Original Italian Text.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3ACSmZTejQ"><span class="plainlinks">Video (in Italian): Pasolini on the Destructive Impact of Television</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> (Interrupted and Half-Censored by <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Biagi" title="Enzo Biagi">Enzo Biagi</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pierpaolopasolini.it/">Italian Website dedicated to Pasolini</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mubi.com/notebook/posts/the-lost-pasolini-interview">Pasolini's Second to Last Interview, Long Believed to Have Been Lost</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/27/movies/pasolinis-legacy-a-sprawl-of-brutality.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">"Pasolini’s Legacy: A Sprawl of Brutality"</a>, Dennis Lim, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 26 December 2012</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Template:Pier Paolo Pasolini"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Template talk:Pier Paolo Pasolini"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pier Paolo Pasolini"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fiction feature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accattone" title="Accattone">Accattone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mamma_Roma" title="Mamma Roma">Mamma Roma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_St._Matthew_(film)" title="The Gospel According to St. Matthew (film)">The Gospel According to St. Matthew</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hawks_and_the_Sparrows" title="The Hawks and the Sparrows">The Hawks and the Sparrows</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(1967_film)" title="Oedipus Rex (1967 film)">Oedipus Rex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teorema" title="Teorema">Teorema</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pigsty_(film)" title="Pigsty (film)">Pigsty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medea_(1969_film)" title="Medea (1969 film)">Medea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Decameron_(film)" title="The Decameron (film)">The Decameron</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales_(film)" title="The Canterbury Tales (film)">The Canterbury Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Nights_(1974_film)" title="Arabian Nights (1974 film)">Arabian Nights</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%B2,_or_the_120_Days_of_Sodom" title="Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom">Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/La_rabbia" title="La rabbia">La rabbia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Meetings" title="Love Meetings">Love Meetings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Location_Hunting_in_Palestine" title="Location Hunting in Palestine">Location Hunting in Palestine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Appunti_per_un_film_sull%27India" title="Appunti per un film sull'India">Appunti per un film sull'India</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notes_Towards_an_African_Orestes" title="Notes Towards an African Orestes">Notes Towards an African Orestes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/12_dicembre_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="12 dicembre (film)">12 dicembre</a></i> <small>(uncredited)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short or segment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/La_ricotta" title="La ricotta">La ricotta</a>" in <i><a href="/wiki/Ro.Go.Pa.G." title="Ro.Go.Pa.G.">Ro.Go.Pa.G.</a></i></li> <li>"La Terra vista dalla Luna" in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Witches_(1967_film)" title="The Witches (1967 film)">The Witches</a></i></li> <li>"Che cosa sono le nuvole?" in <i><a href="/wiki/Caprice_Italian_Style" title="Caprice Italian Style">Caprice Italian Style</a></i></li> <li>"La sequenza del fiore di carta" in <i><a href="/wiki/Love_and_Anger_(film)" title="Love and Anger (film)">Love and Anger</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ragazzi_di_vita" title="Ragazzi di vita">Ragazzi di vita</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Killed_Pasolini%3F" title="Who Killed Pasolini?">Who Killed Pasolini?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pasolini_(film)" title="Pasolini (film)">Pasolini</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_macchinazione" title="La macchinazione">La macchinazione</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini_bibliography" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cannes_Film_Festival_Best_Screenplay_Award" title="Template:Cannes Film Festival Best Screenplay Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cannes_Film_Festival_Best_Screenplay_Award" title="Template talk:Cannes Film Festival Best Screenplay Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cannes_Film_Festival_Best_Screenplay_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cannes Film Festival Best Screenplay Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Screenplay">Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1949–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_L._Werker" title="Alfred L. Werker">Alfred L. Werker</a>, Eugene Ling & Virginia Shaler (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Rattigan" title="Terence Rattigan">Terence Rattigan</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piero_Tellini" title="Piero Tellini">Piero Tellini</a> (1952)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massimo_Franciosa" title="Massimo Franciosa">Massimo Franciosa</a> & <a href="/wiki/Pasquale_Festa_Campanile" title="Pasquale Festa Campanile">Pasquale Festa Campanile</a> (1958)</li> <li>Dumitru Carabat, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Colpi" title="Henri Colpi">Henri Colpi</a> & Yves Jamiaque (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Rigby_(screenwriter)" title="Ray Rigby (screenwriter)">Ray Rigby</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schoendoerffer" title="Pierre Schoendoerffer">Pierre Schoendoerffer</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jessua" title="Alain Jessua">Alain Jessua</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elio_Petri" title="Elio Petri">Elio Petri</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Barwood" title="Hal Barwood">Hal Barwood</a> & <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Robbins_(screenwriter)" title="Matthew Robbins (screenwriter)">Matthew Robbins</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furio_Scarpelli" title="Furio Scarpelli">Furio Scarpelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agenore_Incrocci" title="Agenore Incrocci">Agenore Incrocci</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ettore_Scola" title="Ettore Scola">Ettore Scola</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Szab%C3%B3" title="István Szabó">István Szabó</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Skolimowski" title="Jerzy Skolimowski">Jerzy Skolimowski</a> (1982)</li> <li>Thanassis Valtinos, <a href="/wiki/Theo_Angelopoulos" title="Theo Angelopoulos">Theo Angelopoulos</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tonino_Guerra" title="Tonino Guerra">Tonino Guerra</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Blanc" title="Michel Blanc">Michel Blanc</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Audiard" title="Jacques Audiard">Jacques Audiard</a> & France Alain Le Henry (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Schamus" title="James Schamus">James Schamus</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Hartley" title="Hal Hartley">Hal Hartley</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Arabov" title="Yuri Arabov">Yuri Arabov</a> (1999)</li> <li>James Flamberg & John C. Richards (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danis_Tanovi%C4%87" title="Danis Tanović">Danis Tanović</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Laverty" title="Paul Laverty">Paul Laverty</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Arcand" title="Denys Arcand">Denys Arcand</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Jaoui" title="Agnès Jaoui">Agnès Jaoui</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Bacri" title="Jean-Pierre Bacri">Jean-Pierre Bacri</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Arriaga" title="Guillermo Arriaga">Guillermo Arriaga</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Almod%C3%B3var" title="Pedro Almodóvar">Pedro Almodóvar</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatih_Akin" title="Fatih Akin">Fatih Akin</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardenne_brothers" title="Dardenne brothers">Jean-Pierre & Luc Dardenne</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei_Feng" title="Mei Feng">Mei Feng</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Chang-dong" title="Lee Chang-dong">Lee Chang-dong</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cedar" title="Joseph Cedar">Joseph Cedar</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristian_Mungiu" title="Cristian Mungiu">Cristian Mungiu</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Niculescu_Bran" title="Tatiana Niculescu Bran">Tatiana Niculescu Bran</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Zhangke" title="Jia Zhangke">Jia Zhangke</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Zvyagintsev" title="Andrey Zvyagintsev">Andrey Zvyagintsev</a> & <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Negin" title="Oleg Negin">Oleg Negin</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Franco" title="Michel Franco">Michel Franco</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asghar_Farhadi" title="Asghar Farhadi">Asghar Farhadi</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorgos_Lanthimos" title="Yorgos Lanthimos">Yorgos Lanthimos</a> & <a href="/wiki/Efthymis_Filippou" class="mw-redirect" title="Efthymis Filippou">Efthymis Filippou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynne_Ramsay" title="Lynne Ramsay">Lynne Ramsay</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafar_Panahi" title="Jafar Panahi">Jafar Panahi</a> & Nader Saeivar / <a href="/wiki/Alice_Rohrwacher" title="Alice Rohrwacher">Alice Rohrwacher</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9line_Sciamma" title="Céline Sciamma">Céline Sciamma</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryusuke_Hamaguchi" title="Ryusuke Hamaguchi">Ryusuke Hamaguchi</a> & <a href="/wiki/Takamasa_Oe" title="Takamasa Oe">Takamasa Oe</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarik_Saleh" title="Tarik Saleh">Tarik Saleh</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuji_Sakamoto" title="Yuji Sakamoto">Yuji Sakamoto</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coralie_Fargeat" title="Coralie Fargeat">Coralie Fargeat</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nastro_d&#039;Argento_Award_for_Best_Director" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nastro_d%27Argento_Best_Director" title="Template:Nastro d'Argento Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nastro_d%27Argento_Best_Director" title="Template talk:Nastro d'Argento Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nastro_d%27Argento_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nastro d'Argento Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nastro_d&#039;Argento_Award_for_Best_Director" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nastro_d%27Argento_for_Best_Director" title="Nastro d'Argento for Best Director">Nastro d'Argento Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Blasetti" title="Alessandro Blasetti">Alessandro Blasetti</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Roberto Rossellini</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Lattuada" title="Alberto Lattuada">Alberto Lattuada</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_De_Santis" title="Giuseppe De Santis">Giuseppe De Santis</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Genina" title="Augusto Genina">Augusto Genina</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Blasetti" title="Alessandro Blasetti">Alessandro Blasetti</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Castellani" title="Renato Castellani">Renato Castellani</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Zampa" title="Luigi Zampa">Luigi Zampa</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Germi" title="Pietro Germi">Pietro Germi</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Germi" title="Pietro Germi">Pietro Germi</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Roberto Rossellini</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanni_Loy" title="Nanni Loy">Nanni Loy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rosi" title="Francesco Rosi">Francesco Rosi</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1964)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Pietrangeli" title="Antonio Pietrangeli">Antonio Pietrangeli</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillo_Pontecorvo" title="Gillo Pontecorvo">Gillo Pontecorvo</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elio_Petri" title="Elio Petri">Elio Petri</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elio_Petri" title="Elio Petri">Elio Petri</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerio_Zurlini" title="Valerio Zurlini">Valerio Zurlini</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_and_Vittorio_Taviani" title="Paolo and Vittorio Taviani">Paolo and Vittorio Taviani</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermanno_Olmi" title="Ermanno Olmi">Ermanno Olmi</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rosi" title="Francesco Rosi">Francesco Rosi</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Ferreri" title="Marco Ferreri">Marco Ferreri</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_and_Vittorio_Taviani" title="Paolo and Vittorio Taviani">Paolo and Vittorio Taviani</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupi_Avati" title="Pupi Avati">Pupi Avati</a> / <a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Monicelli" title="Mario Monicelli">Mario Monicelli</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettore_Scola" title="Ettore Scola">Ettore Scola</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermanno_Olmi" title="Ermanno Olmi">Ermanno Olmi</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupi_Avati" title="Pupi Avati">Pupi Avati</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Amelio" title="Gianni Amelio">Gianni Amelio</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Salvatores" title="Gabriele Salvatores">Gabriele Salvatores</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Amelio" title="Gianni Amelio">Gianni Amelio</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanni_Moretti" title="Nanni Moretti">Nanni Moretti</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Amelio" title="Gianni Amelio">Gianni Amelio</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tornatore" title="Giuseppe Tornatore">Giuseppe Tornatore</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Nichetti" title="Maurizio Nichetti">Maurizio Nichetti</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Benigni" title="Roberto Benigni">Roberto Benigni</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tornatore" title="Giuseppe Tornatore">Giuseppe Tornatore</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Soldini" title="Silvio Soldini">Silvio Soldini</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanni_Moretti" title="Nanni Moretti">Nanni Moretti</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Bellocchio" title="Marco Bellocchio">Marco Bellocchio</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Salvatores" title="Gabriele Salvatores">Gabriele Salvatores</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Tullio_Giordana" title="Marco Tullio Giordana">Marco Tullio Giordana</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Amelio" title="Gianni Amelio">Gianni Amelio</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Placido" title="Michele Placido">Michele Placido</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tornatore" title="Giuseppe Tornatore">Giuseppe Tornatore</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Virz%C3%AC" title="Paolo Virzì">Paolo Virzì</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Sorrentino" title="Paolo Sorrentino">Paolo Sorrentino</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Virz%C3%AC" title="Paolo Virzì">Paolo Virzì</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanni_Moretti" title="Nanni Moretti">Nanni Moretti</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Sorrentino" title="Paolo Sorrentino">Paolo Sorrentino</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tornatore" title="Giuseppe Tornatore">Giuseppe Tornatore</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Virz%C3%AC" title="Paolo Virzì">Paolo Virzì</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Sorrentino" title="Paolo Sorrentino">Paolo Sorrentino</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Virz%C3%AC" title="Paolo Virzì">Paolo Virzì</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Amelio" title="Gianni Amelio">Gianni Amelio</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Garrone" title="Matteo Garrone">Matteo Garrone</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Bellocchio" title="Marco Bellocchio">Marco Bellocchio</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Garrone" title="Matteo Garrone">Matteo Garrone</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Dante" title="Emma Dante">Emma Dante</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Martone" title="Mario Martone">Mario Martone</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_Viareggio_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Viareggio_Prize" title="Template:Viareggio Prize"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Viareggio_Prize" title="Template talk:Viareggio Prize"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Viareggio_Prize" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Viareggio Prize"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Viareggio_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Viareggio_Prize" title="Viareggio Prize">Viareggio Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anselmo_Bucci" title="Anselmo Bucci">Anselmo Bucci</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Viani" title="Lorenzo Viani">Lorenzo Viani</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corrado_Tumiati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corrado Tumiati (page does not exist)">Corrado Tumiati</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonino_Foschini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonino Foschini (page does not exist)">Antonino Foschini</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Campanile" title="Achille Campanile">Achille Campanile</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Calzini" title="Raffaele Calzini">Raffaele Calzini</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Massa_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Massa (writer) (page does not exist)">Mario Massa</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Pirandello" title="Stefano Pirandello">Stefano Pirandello</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Bacchelli" title="Riccardo Bacchelli">Riccardo Bacchelli</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelfo_Civinini" title="Guelfo Civinini">Guelfo Civinini</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Giovanni_Rossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vittorio Giovanni Rossi">Vittorio Giovanni Rossi</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enrico_Pea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enrico Pea (page does not exist)">Enrico Pea</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnaldo_Frateili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnaldo Frateili (page does not exist)">Arnaldo Frateili</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orio_Vergani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orio Vergani (page does not exist)">Orio Vergani</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Bellonci" title="Maria Bellonci">Maria Bellonci</a> (1939)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvio_Micheli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silvio Micheli (page does not exist)">Silvio Micheli</a> – <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Saba" title="Umberto Saba">Umberto Saba</a> (1946) • <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a> (1947) • <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Palazzeschi" title="Aldo Palazzeschi">Aldo Palazzeschi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elsa_Morante" title="Elsa Morante">Elsa Morante</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sibilla_Aleramo" title="Sibilla Aleramo">Sibilla Aleramo</a> (1948) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arturo_Carlo_Jemolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arturo Carlo Jemolo (page does not exist)">Arturo Carlo Jemolo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Renata_Vigan%C3%B2" title="Renata Viganò">Renata Viganò</a> (1949)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Jovine" title="Francesco Jovine">Francesco Jovine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Bernari" title="Carlo Bernari">Carlo Bernari</a> (1950) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Domenico_Rea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domenico Rea (page does not exist)">Domenico Rea</a> (1951) • <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Fiore" title="Tommaso Fiore">Tommaso Fiore</a> (1952) • <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Emilio_Gadda" title="Carlo Emilio Gadda">Carlo Emilio Gadda</a> (1953) • <a href="/wiki/Rocco_Scotellaro" title="Rocco Scotellaro">Rocco Scotellaro</a> (1954) • <a href="/wiki/Vasco_Pratolini" title="Vasco Pratolini">Vasco Pratolini</a> (1955) • <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi">Carlo Levi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gianna_Manzini" title="Gianna Manzini">Gianna Manzini</a> (1956) • <a href="/wiki/Italo_Calvino" title="Italo Calvino">Italo Calvino</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a> (1957) • <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_de_Martino" title="Ernesto de Martino">Ernesto de Martino</a> (1958) • <a href="/wiki/Marino_Moretti" title="Marino Moretti">Marino Moretti</a> (1959)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Angioletti" title="Giovanni Battista Angioletti">Giovanni Battista Angioletti</a> (1960) • <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Moravia" title="Alberto Moravia">Alberto Moravia</a> (1961) • <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Bassani" title="Giorgio Bassani">Giorgio Bassani</a> (1962) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Delfini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Delfini (page does not exist)">Antonio Delfini</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Solmi" title="Sergio Solmi">Sergio Solmi</a> (1963) • <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Berto" title="Giuseppe Berto">Giuseppe Berto</a> (1964) • <a href="/wiki/Goffredo_Parise" title="Goffredo Parise">Goffredo Parise</a> - <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Maria_Ripellino" title="Angelo Maria Ripellino">Angelo Maria Ripellino</a> (1965) • <a href="/wiki/Ottiero_Ottieri" title="Ottiero Ottieri">Ottiero Ottieri</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Gatto" title="Alfonso Gatto">Alfonso Gatto</a> (1966) • <a href="/wiki/Raffaello_Brignetti" title="Raffaello Brignetti">Raffaello Brignetti</a> (1967) • <a href="/wiki/Libero_Bigiaretti" title="Libero Bigiaretti">Libero Bigiaretti</a> (1968) • <a href="/wiki/Fulvio_Tomizza" title="Fulvio Tomizza">Fulvio Tomizza</a> (1969)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nello_Saito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nello Saito (page does not exist)">Nello Saito</a> (1970) • <a href="/wiki/Ugo_Attardi" title="Ugo Attardi">Ugo Attardi</a> (1971) • <a href="/wiki/Romano_Bilenchi" title="Romano Bilenchi">Romano Bilenchi</a> (1972) • <a href="/wiki/Achille_Campanile" title="Achille Campanile">Achille Campanile</a> (1973) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clotilde_Marghieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clotilde Marghieri (page does not exist)">Clotilde Marghieri</a> (1974) • <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Volponi" title="Paolo Volponi">Paolo Volponi</a> (1975) • <a href="/wiki/Mario_Tobino" title="Mario Tobino">Mario Tobino</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dario_Bellezza" title="Dario Bellezza">Dario Bellezza</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Solmi" title="Sergio Solmi">Sergio Solmi</a> (1976) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Davide_Lajolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davide Lajolo (page does not exist)">Davide Lajolo</a> (1977) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Altomonte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Altomonte (page does not exist)">Antonio Altomonte</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mario_Luzi" title="Mario Luzi">Mario Luzi</a> (1978) • <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Manganelli" title="Giorgio Manganelli">Giorgio Manganelli</a> (1979)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stefano_Terra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stefano Terra (page does not exist)">Stefano Terra</a> (1980) • <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Siciliano" title="Enzo Siciliano">Enzo Siciliano</a> (1981) • <a href="/wiki/Primo_Levi" title="Primo Levi">Primo Levi</a> (1982) • <a href="/wiki/Giuliana_Morandini" title="Giuliana Morandini">Giuliana Morandini</a> (1983) • <a href="/wiki/Gina_Lagorio" title="Gina Lagorio">Gina Lagorio</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Gentili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno Gentili (page does not exist)">Bruno Gentili</a> (1984) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manlio_Cancogni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manlio Cancogni (page does not exist)">Manlio Cancogni</a> (1985) • <a href="/wiki/Marisa_Volpi" title="Marisa Volpi">Marisa Volpi</a> (1986) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Spinella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Spinella (page does not exist)">Mario Spinella</a> (1987) • <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Loy" title="Rosetta Loy">Rosetta Loy</a> (1988) • <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Mannuzzu" title="Salvatore Mannuzzu">Salvatore Mannuzzu</a> (1989)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Adorno" title="Luisa Adorno">Luisa Adorno</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Viviani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cesare Viviani (page does not exist)">Cesare Viviani</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurizio_Calvesi_(essayist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurizio Calvesi (essayist) (page does not exist)">Maurizio Calvesi</a> (1990) • <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Debenedetti" title="Antonio Debenedetti">Antonio Debenedetti</a> (1991) • <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Malerba" title="Luigi Malerba">Luigi Malerba</a> (1992) • <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Baricco" title="Alessandro Baricco">Alessandro Baricco</a> (1993) • <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tabucchi" title="Antonio Tabucchi">Antonio Tabucchi</a> (1994) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurizio_Maggiani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurizio Maggiani (page does not exist)">Maurizio Maggiani</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elio_Pagliarani" title="Elio Pagliarani">Elio Pagliarani</a> (1995) • <a href="/wiki/Ermanno_Rea" title="Ermanno Rea">Ermanno Rea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alda_Merini" title="Alda Merini">Alda Merini</a> (1996) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claudio_Piersanti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claudio Piersanti (page does not exist)">Claudio Piersanti</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franca_Grisoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franca Grisoni (page does not exist)">Franca Grisoni</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corrado_Stajano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corrado Stajano (page does not exist)">Corrado Stajano</a> (1997) • <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Pressburger" title="Giorgio Pressburger">Giorgio Pressburger</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Sovente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Sovente (page does not exist)">Michele Sovente</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Ginzburg" title="Carlo Ginzburg">Carlo Ginzburg</a> (1998) • <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Franco" title="Ernesto Franco">Ernesto Franco</a> (1999)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_van_Straten" title="Giorgio van Straten">Giorgio van Straten</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Veronesi_(writer)" title="Sandro Veronesi (writer)">Sandro Veronesi</a> (2000) • <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Ammaniti" title="Niccolò Ammaniti">Niccolò Ammaniti</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Ranchetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Ranchetti (page does not exist)">Michele Ranchetti</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Pestelli" title="Giorgio Pestelli">Giorgio Pestelli</a> (2001) • <a href="/wiki/Fleur_Jaeggy" title="Fleur Jaeggy">Fleur Jaeggy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jolanda_Insana" title="Jolanda Insana">Jolanda Insana</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_Berardinelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfonso Berardinelli (page does not exist)">Alfonso Berardinelli</a> (2002) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Montesano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Montesano (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Montesano</a> (2003) • <a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Albinati" title="Edoardo Albinati">Edoardo Albinati</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Tagliapietra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea Tagliapietra (page does not exist)">Andrea Tagliapietra</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Livia_Livi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livia Livi (page does not exist)">Livia Livi</a> (2004) • <a href="/wiki/Raffaele_La_Capria" title="Raffaele La Capria">Raffaele La Capria</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Arbasino" title="Alberto Arbasino">Alberto Arbasino</a> – <a href="/wiki/Milo_de_Angelis" class="mw-redirect" title="Milo de Angelis">Milo de Angelis</a> (2005) • <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Celati" title="Gianni Celati">Gianni Celati</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Agosti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Agosti (page does not exist)">Giovanni Agosti</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Saviano" title="Roberto Saviano">Roberto Saviano</a> (2006) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filippo_Tuena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filippo Tuena (page does not exist)">Filippo Tuena</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Mauri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paolo Mauri (page does not exist)">Paolo Mauri</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvia_Bre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silvia Bre (page does not exist)">Silvia Bre</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simona_Baldanzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simona Baldanzi (page does not exist)">Simona Baldanzi</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Colagrande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paolo Colagrande (page does not exist)">Paolo Colagrande</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Fallai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paolo Fallai (page does not exist)">Paolo Fallai</a> (2007) • <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Sanvitale" title="Francesca Sanvitale">Francesca Sanvitale</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miguel_Gotor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miguel Gotor (page does not exist)">Miguel Gotor</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_De_Signoribus" title="Eugenio De Signoribus">Eugenio De Signoribus</a> (2008) • <a href="/wiki/Edith_Bruck" title="Edith Bruck">Edith Bruck</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adriano_Prosperi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adriano Prosperi (page does not exist)">Adriano Prosperi</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ennio_Cavalli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ennio Cavalli (page does not exist)">Ennio Cavalli</a> (2009)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Lagioia" title="Nicola Lagioia">Nicola Lagioia</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Emmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Emmer (page does not exist)">Michele Emmer</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierluigi_Cappello" title="Pierluigi Cappello">Pierluigi Cappello</a> (2010) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Mari_(novelist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandro Mari (novelist) (page does not exist)">Alessandro Mari</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Lavagetto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Lavagetto (page does not exist)">Mario Lavagetto</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gian_Mario_Villalta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gian Mario Villalta (page does not exist)">Gian Mario Villalta</a> (2011) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicola_Gardini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicola Gardini (page does not exist)">Nicola Gardini</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco_Lo_Piparo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco Lo Piparo (page does not exist)">Franco Lo Piparo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonella_Anedda" title="Antonella Anedda">Antonella Anedda</a> (2012) • <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Di_Stefano" title="Paolo Di Stefano">Paolo Di Stefano</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giulio_Guidorizzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giulio Guidorizzi (page does not exist)">Giulio Guidorizzi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Testa" title="Enrico Testa">Enrico Testa</a> (2013) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Pecoraro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Pecoraro (page does not exist)">Francesco Pecoraro</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Fo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandro Fo (page does not exist)">Alessandro Fo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Mecacci" title="Luciano Mecacci">Luciano Mecacci</a> (2014) • <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Scurati" title="Antonio Scurati">Antonio Scurati</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Bucciantini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massimo Bucciantini (page does not exist)">Massimo Bucciantini</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franco_Buffoni" title="Franco Buffoni">Franco Buffoni</a> (2015) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco_Cordelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco Cordelli (page does not exist)">Franco Cordelli</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Pischedda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno Pischedda (page does not exist)">Bruno Pischedda</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonia_Gentili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonia Gentili (page does not exist)">Sonia Gentili</a> (2016) • <a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Calligarich" title="Gianfranco Calligarich">Gianfranco Calligarich</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Montesano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Montesano (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Montesano</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stefano_Carrai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stefano Carrai (page does not exist)">Stefano Carrai</a> (2017) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabio_Genovesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabio Genovesi (page does not exist)">Fabio Genovesi</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Lupo_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Lupo (writer) (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Lupo</a> (2018) • <a href="/wiki/Emanuele_Trevi" title="Emanuele Trevi">Emanuele Trevi</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renato_Minore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renato Minore (page does not exist)">Renato Minore</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saverio_Ricci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saverio Ricci (page does not exist)">Saverio Ricci</a> (2019)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Di_Paolo" title="Paolo Di Paolo">Paolo Di Paolo</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luciano_Cecchinel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luciano Cecchinel (page does not exist)">Luciano Cecchinel</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giulio_Ferroni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giulio Ferroni (page does not exist)">Giulio Ferroni</a> (2020) • <a href="/wiki/Edith_Bruck" title="Edith Bruck">Edith Bruck</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flavio_Santi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flavio Santi (page does not exist)">Flavio Santi</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Siti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Siti (page does not exist)">Walter Siti</a> (2021) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvia_Sciorilli_Borrelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silvia Sciorilli Borrelli (page does not exist)">Silvia Sciorilli Borrelli</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Castellitto" title="Pietro Castellitto">Pietro Castellitto</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Damiani" title="Claudio Damiani">Claudio Damiani</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wlodek_Goldkorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wlodek Goldkorn (page does not exist)">Wlodek Goldkorn</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agnese_Pini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agnese Pini (page does not exist)">Agnese Pini</a> – <a href="/wiki/Veronica_Raimo" title="Veronica Raimo">Veronica Raimo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Silvia_Ronchey" title="Silvia Ronchey">Silvia Ronchey</a> (2022)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25120#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25120#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25120#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121334091">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/54152375">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/34620/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbxCVvXMw9JB4JKBttxjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118591908">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79046419">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119187049">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119187049">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00452221">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Pasolini, Pier Paolo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV001068">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35411150">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000604361&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1122947">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/61415">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068453221">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90054814">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000032235&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000032719&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000097472">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=68131">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199621146">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/fcrtvkhz3589kqf">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810597374005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/287247">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266351405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000054883">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058529303506706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14199735">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01064723?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500106210">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/878668a4-7483-4604-b3c7-d0b172b3d026">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/240898">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/43540">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/943058">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="PASOLINI, Pier Paolo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/pier-paolo-pasolini_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118591908.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118591908">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027059456">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6th9qmm">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/40200327">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" 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