CINXE.COM
Neuroscience News Science Magazine - Research Articles - Psychology Neurology Brains AI
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"><meta name="theme-color" content="#0d58db"><meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.7 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --><title>Neuroscience News Science Magazine - Research Articles - Psychology Neurology Brains AI</title><link rel="stylesheet" id="siteground-optimizer-combined-css-2080d8db9329e1ec72f6db17c529b66e" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files//siteground-optimizer-assets/siteground-optimizer-combined-css-2080d8db9329e1ec72f6db17c529b66e.css" media="all" /><meta name="description" content="Neuroscience News research articles cover neurology, psychology, AI, brain science, mental health, robotics and cognitive sciences in a free, open access magazine." /><link rel="canonical" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/" /><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /><meta property="og:type" content="website" /><meta property="og:title" content="Neuroscience News Science Magazine - Research Articles - Psychology Neurology Brains AI" /><meta property="og:description" content="Neuroscience News research articles cover neurology, psychology, AI, brain science, mental health, robotics and cognitive sciences in a free, open access magazine." /><meta property="og:url" content="https://neurosciencenews.com/" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Neuroscience News" /><meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/neurosciencenews/" /><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-05-18T00:58:11+00:00" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/08/Neuroscience-News-Site-Icon-512-comp.jpg" /><meta property="og:image:width" content="512" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="512" /><meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@NeuroscienceNew" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://neurosciencenews.com/","url":"https://neurosciencenews.com/","name":"Neuroscience News Science Magazine - Research Articles - Psychology Neurology Brains AI","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://neurosciencenews.com/#website"},"about":{"@id":"https://neurosciencenews.com/#organization"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://neurosciencenews.com/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://neurosciencenews.com/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/08/Neuroscience-News-Site-Icon-512-comp.jpg","datePublished":"2013-12-15T07:51:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-05-18T00:58:11+00:00","description":"Neuroscience News research articles cover neurology, psychology, AI, brain science, mental health, robotics and cognitive sciences in a free, open access magazine.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://neurosciencenews.com/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://neurosciencenews.com/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://neurosciencenews.com/#primaryimage","url":"https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/08/Neuroscience-News-Site-Icon-512-comp.jpg","contentUrl":"https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/08/Neuroscience-News-Site-Icon-512-comp.jpg","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"Neuroscience News site icon."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://neurosciencenews.com/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://neurosciencenews.com/#website","url":"https://neurosciencenews.com/","name":"Neuroscience News","description":"Neuroscience News provides research news for neuroscience, neurology, psychology, AI, brain science, mental health, robotics and cognitive sciences.","publisher":{"@id":"https://neurosciencenews.com/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://neurosciencenews.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://neurosciencenews.com/#organization","name":"Neuroscience News","url":"https://neurosciencenews.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://neurosciencenews.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/08/Neuroscience-News-Site-Icon-512-comp.jpg","contentUrl":"https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/08/Neuroscience-News-Site-Icon-512-comp.jpg","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"Neuroscience News"},"image":{"@id":"https://neurosciencenews.com/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/neurosciencenews/","https://x.com/NeuroscienceNew","https://www.instagram.com/neurosciencenew/","https://www.linkedin.com/company/neuroscience-news/","https://www.pinterest.com/neuroscience/","https://www.youtube.com/c/Neuroscience"]}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//scripts.mediavine.com' /><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Neuroscience News » Feed" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/feed/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Neuroscience News » Comments Feed" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/comments/feed/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Neuroscience News » Stories Feed" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/web-stories/feed/"> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <style id='zeen-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .content-bg, .block-skin-5:not(.skin-inner), .block-skin-5.skin-inner > .tipi-row-inner-style, .article-layout-skin-1.title-cut-bl .hero-wrap .meta:before, .article-layout-skin-1.title-cut-bc .hero-wrap .meta:before, .article-layout-skin-1.title-cut-bl .hero-wrap .share-it:before, .article-layout-skin-1.title-cut-bc .hero-wrap .share-it:before, .standard-archive .page-header, .skin-dark .flickity-viewport, .zeen__var__options label { background: #ffffff;}a.zeen-pin-it{position: absolute}.background.mask {background-color: transparent}.side-author__wrap .mask a {display:inline-block;height:70px}.timed-pup,.modal-wrap {position:fixed;visibility:hidden}.to-top__fixed .to-top a{background-color:#000000; color: #fff}.site-inner { background-color: #fff; }.splitter svg g { fill: #fff; }.inline-post .block article .title { font-size: 20px;}.fontfam-1 { font-family: 'Playfair Display',serif!important;}input,input[type="number"],.body-f1, .quotes-f1 blockquote, .quotes-f1 q, .by-f1 .byline, .sub-f1 .subtitle, .wh-f1 .widget-title, .headings-f1 h1, .headings-f1 h2, .headings-f1 h3, .headings-f1 h4, .headings-f1 h5, .headings-f1 h6, .font-1, div.jvectormap-tip {font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;}.fontfam-2 { font-family:'Lato',sans-serif!important; }input[type=submit], button, .tipi-button,.button,.wpcf7-submit,.button__back__home,.body-f2, .quotes-f2 blockquote, .quotes-f2 q, .by-f2 .byline, .sub-f2 .subtitle, .wh-f2 .widget-title, .headings-f2 h1, .headings-f2 h2, .headings-f2 h3, .headings-f2 h4, .headings-f2 h5, .headings-f2 h6, .font-2 {font-family:'Lato',sans-serif;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;}.fontfam-3 { font-family:'Montserrat',sans-serif!important;}.body-f3, .quotes-f3 blockquote, .quotes-f3 q, .by-f3 .byline, .sub-f3 .subtitle, .wh-f3 .widget-title, .headings-f3 h1, .headings-f3 h2, .headings-f3 h3, .headings-f3 h4, .headings-f3 h5, .headings-f3 h6, .font-3 {font-family:'Montserrat',sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;}.tipi-row, .tipi-builder-on .contents-wrap > p { max-width: 1230px ; }.slider-columns--3 article { width: 360px }.slider-columns--2 article { width: 555px }.slider-columns--4 article { width: 262.5px }.single .site-content .tipi-row { max-width: 1230px ; }.single-product .site-content .tipi-row { max-width: 1230px ; }.date--secondary { color: #f8d92f; }.date--main { color: #f8d92f; }.global-accent-border { border-color: #0d58db; }.trending-accent-border { border-color: #26e20d; }.trending-accent-bg { border-color: #26e20d; }.wpcf7-submit, .tipi-button.block-loader { background: #18181e; }.wpcf7-submit:hover, .tipi-button.block-loader:hover { background: #bbeae9; }.preview-classic .read-more.tipi-button { color: #fff!important; }.preview-classic .read-more { background: #0066bf; }.preview-classic:hover .read-more { background: #111; }.tipi-button.block-loader { color: #fff!important; }.wpcf7-submit { background: #18181e; }.wpcf7-submit:hover { background: #111; }.global-accent-bg, .icon-base-2:hover .icon-bg, #progress { background-color: #0d58db; }.global-accent-text, .mm-submenu-2 .mm-51 .menu-wrap > .sub-menu > li > a { color: #0d58db; }body { color:#222222;}.excerpt { color:#000000;}.mode--alt--b .excerpt, .block-skin-2 .excerpt, .block-skin-2 .preview-classic .custom-button__fill-2 { color:#222222!important;}.read-more-wrap { color:#111111;}.logo-fallback a { color:#000!important;}.site-mob-header .logo-fallback a { color:#243be5!important;}blockquote:not(.comment-excerpt) { color:#111;}.mode--alt--b blockquote:not(.comment-excerpt), .mode--alt--b .block-skin-0.block-wrap-quote .block-wrap-quote blockquote:not(.comment-excerpt), .mode--alt--b .block-skin-0.block-wrap-quote .block-wrap-quote blockquote:not(.comment-excerpt) span { color:#fff!important;}.byline, .byline a { color:#333333;}.mode--alt--b .block-wrap-classic .byline, .mode--alt--b .block-wrap-classic .byline a, .mode--alt--b .block-wrap-thumbnail .byline, .mode--alt--b .block-wrap-thumbnail .byline a, .block-skin-2 .byline a, .block-skin-2 .byline { color:#333333;}.preview-classic .meta .title, .preview-thumbnail .meta .title,.preview-56 .meta .title{ color:#111;}h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, .block-title { color:#111;}.sidebar-widget .widget-title { color:#111!important;}.link-color-wrap p > a, .link-color-wrap p > em a, .link-color-wrap p > strong a { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: #000000; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-style:solid}.link-color-wrap a, .woocommerce-Tabs-panel--description a { color: #1e73be; }.mode--alt--b .link-color-wrap a, .mode--alt--b .woocommerce-Tabs-panel--description a { color: #3d82bf; }.copyright, .site-footer .bg-area-inner .copyright a { color: #ffffff; }.link-color-wrap a:hover { color: #2637f2; }.mode--alt--b .link-color-wrap a:hover { color: #6193bf; }body{line-height:1.66}input[type=submit], button, .tipi-button,.button,.wpcf7-submit,.button__back__home{letter-spacing:0.09em}.sub-menu a:not(.tipi-button){letter-spacing:0.1em}.widget-title{letter-spacing:0.15em}html, body{font-size:20px}.byline{font-size:12px}input[type=submit], button, .tipi-button,.button,.wpcf7-submit,.button__back__home{font-size:11px}.excerpt{font-size:15px}.logo-fallback, .secondary-wrap .logo-fallback a{font-size:22px}.logo span{font-size:12px}.breadcrumbs{font-size:10px}.hero-meta.tipi-s-typo .title{font-size:20px}.hero-meta.tipi-s-typo .subtitle{font-size:20px}.hero-meta.tipi-m-typo .title{font-size:20px}.hero-meta.tipi-m-typo .subtitle{font-size:20px}.hero-meta.tipi-xl-typo .title{font-size:20px}.hero-meta.tipi-xl-typo .subtitle{font-size:20px}.block-html-content h1, .single-content .entry-content h1{font-size:20px}.block-html-content h2, .single-content .entry-content h2{font-size:20px}.block-html-content h3, .single-content .entry-content h3{font-size:20px}.block-html-content h4, .single-content .entry-content h4{font-size:20px}.block-html-content h5, .single-content .entry-content h5{font-size:18px}.footer-block-links{font-size:8px}blockquote, q{font-size:20px}.site-footer .copyright{font-size:12px}.footer-navigation{font-size:12px}.site-footer .menu-icons{font-size:12px}.block-title, .page-title{font-size:24px}.block-subtitle{font-size:18px}.block-col-self .preview-2 .title{font-size:22px}.block-wrap-classic .tipi-m-typo .title-wrap .title{font-size:22px}.tipi-s-typo .title, .ppl-s-3 .tipi-s-typo .title, .zeen-col--wide .ppl-s-3 .tipi-s-typo .title, .preview-1 .title, .preview-21:not(.tipi-xs-typo) .title{font-size:22px}.tipi-xs-typo .title, .tipi-basket-wrap .basket-item .title{font-size:15px}.meta .read-more-wrap{font-size:11px}.widget-title{font-size:12px}.split-1:not(.preview-thumbnail) .mask{-webkit-flex: 0 0 calc( 34% - 15px); -ms-flex: 0 0 calc( 34% - 15px); flex: 0 0 calc( 34% - 15px); width: calc( 34% - 15px);}.preview-thumbnail .mask{-webkit-flex: 0 0 65px; -ms-flex: 0 0 65px; flex: 0 0 65px; width: 65px;}.footer-lower-area{padding-top:40px}.footer-lower-area{padding-bottom:40px}.footer-upper-area{padding-bottom:40px}.footer-upper-area{padding-top:40px}.footer-widget-wrap{padding-bottom:40px}.footer-widget-wrap{padding-top:40px}.tipi-button-cta-header{font-size:12px}.block-wrap-grid .tipi-xl-typo .title{font-size:22px}.block-wrap-grid .tipi-l-typo .title{font-size:22px}.block-wrap-grid .tipi-m-typo .title-wrap .title, .block-94 .block-piece-2 .tipi-xs-12 .title-wrap .title, .zeen-col--wide .block-wrap-grid:not(.block-wrap-81):not(.block-wrap-82) .tipi-m-typo .title-wrap .title, .zeen-col--wide .block-wrap-grid .tipi-l-typo .title, .zeen-col--wide .block-wrap-grid .tipi-xl-typo .title{font-size:22px}.block-wrap-grid .tipi-s-typo .title-wrap .title, .block-92 .block-piece-2 article .title-wrap .title, .block-94 .block-piece-2 .tipi-xs-6 .title-wrap .title{font-size:18px!important}.block-wrap-grid .tipi-s-typo .title-wrap .subtitle, .block-92 .block-piece-2 article .title-wrap .subtitle, .block-94 .block-piece-2 .tipi-xs-6 .title-wrap .subtitle{font-size:18px}.block-wrap-grid .tipi-m-typo .title-wrap .subtitle, .block-wrap-grid .tipi-l-typo .title-wrap .subtitle, .block-wrap-grid .tipi-xl-typo .title-wrap .subtitle, .block-94 .block-piece-2 .tipi-xs-12 .title-wrap .subtitle, .zeen-col--wide .block-wrap-grid:not(.block-wrap-81):not(.block-wrap-82) .tipi-m-typo .title-wrap .subtitle{font-size:20px}.preview-grid .read-more-wrap{font-size:11px}.meta .read-more-wrap { font-weight: 700;}.tipi-button.block-loader, .wpcf7-submit, .mc4wp-form-fields button { font-weight: 700;}.main-navigation .horizontal-menu, .main-navigation .menu-item, .main-navigation .menu-icon .menu-icon--text, .main-navigation .tipi-i-search span { font-weight: 700;}.secondary-wrap .menu-secondary li, .secondary-wrap .menu-item, .secondary-wrap .menu-icon .menu-icon--text {font-weight: 700;}.footer-lower-area, .footer-lower-area .menu-item, .footer-lower-area .menu-icon span {font-weight: 700;}.widget-title {font-weight: 700!important;}input[type=submit], button, .tipi-button,.button,.wpcf7-submit,.button__back__home{ text-transform: uppercase; }.entry-title{ text-transform: none; }.logo-fallback{ text-transform: none; }.block-wrap-slider .title-wrap .title{ text-transform: none; }.block-wrap-grid .title-wrap .title, .tile-design-4 .meta .title-wrap .title{ text-transform: none; }.block-wrap-classic .title-wrap .title{ text-transform: none; }.block-title{ text-transform: none; }.meta .excerpt .read-more{ text-transform: uppercase; }.preview-grid .read-more{ text-transform: uppercase; }.block-subtitle{ text-transform: none; }.byline{ text-transform: none; }.widget-title{ text-transform: none; }.main-navigation .menu-item, .main-navigation .menu-icon .menu-icon--text{ text-transform: none; }.secondary-navigation, .secondary-wrap .menu-icon .menu-icon--text{ text-transform: none; }.footer-lower-area .menu-item, .footer-lower-area .menu-icon span{ text-transform: none; }.sub-menu a:not(.tipi-button){ text-transform: none; }.site-mob-header .menu-item, .site-mob-header .menu-icon span{ text-transform: uppercase; }.single-content .entry-content h1, .single-content .entry-content h2, .single-content .entry-content h3, .single-content .entry-content h4, .single-content .entry-content h5, .single-content .entry-content h6, .meta__full h1, .meta__full h2, .meta__full h3, .meta__full h4, .meta__full h5, .bbp__thread__title{ text-transform: none; }.mm-submenu-2 .mm-11 .menu-wrap > *, .mm-submenu-2 .mm-31 .menu-wrap > *, .mm-submenu-2 .mm-21 .menu-wrap > *, .mm-submenu-2 .mm-51 .menu-wrap > * { border-top: 5px solid transparent; }.separation-border { margin-bottom: 30px; }.load-more-wrap-1 { padding-top: 30px; }.block-wrap-classic .inf-spacer + .block:not(.block-62) { margin-top: 30px; }.block-title-wrap-style .block-title:after, .block-title-wrap-style .block-title:before { border-top: 1px #eee solid;}.separation-border-v { background: #eee;}.separation-border-v { height: calc( 100% - 30px - 1px); }@media only screen and (max-width: 480px) {.separation-border { margin-bottom: 30px;}}.sidebar-wrap .sidebar { padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; }.sidebar-left .sidebar-wrap .sidebar { padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; }@media only screen and (min-width: 481px) {}@media only screen and (max-width: 859px) {.mobile__design--side .mask { width: calc( 34% - 15px); }}@media only screen and (min-width: 860px) {html, body{font-size:15px}.hero-meta.tipi-s-typo .title{font-size:30px}.hero-meta.tipi-s-typo .subtitle{font-size:18px}.hero-meta.tipi-m-typo .title{font-size:30px}.hero-meta.tipi-m-typo .subtitle{font-size:18px}.hero-meta.tipi-xl-typo .title{font-size:30px}.hero-meta.tipi-xl-typo .subtitle{font-size:18px}.block-html-content h1, .single-content .entry-content h1{font-size:30px}.block-html-content h2, .single-content .entry-content h2{font-size:30px}.block-html-content h3, .single-content .entry-content h3{font-size:24px}.block-html-content h4, .single-content .entry-content h4{font-size:24px}blockquote, q{font-size:25px}.main-navigation, .main-navigation .menu-icon--text{font-size:12px}.sub-menu a:not(.tipi-button){font-size:12px}.main-navigation .menu-icon, .main-navigation .trending-icon-solo{font-size:12px}.secondary-wrap-v .standard-drop>a,.secondary-wrap, .secondary-wrap a, .secondary-wrap .menu-icon--text{font-size:11px}.secondary-wrap .menu-icon, .secondary-wrap .menu-icon a, .secondary-wrap .trending-icon-solo{font-size:13px}.block-wrap-grid .tipi-xl-typo .title{font-size:30px}.block-wrap-grid .tipi-l-typo .title{font-size:30px}.layout-side-info .details{width:130px;float:left}.title-contrast .hero-wrap { height: calc( 100vh - 82px ); }.block-col-self .block-71 .tipi-s-typo .title { font-size: 18px; }.zeen-col--narrow .block-wrap-classic .tipi-m-typo .title-wrap .title { font-size: 18px; }.mode--alt--b .footer-widget-area:not(.footer-widget-area-1) + .footer-lower-area { border-top:0px #333333 solid ; }.footer-widget-wrap { border-right:0px #333333 solid ; }.footer-widget-wrap .widget_search form, .footer-widget-wrap select { border-color:#333333; }.footer-widget-wrap .zeen-widget { border-bottom:0px #333333 solid ; }.footer-widget-wrap .zeen-widget .preview-thumbnail { border-bottom-color: #333333;}.secondary-wrap .menu-padding, .secondary-wrap .ul-padding > li > a { padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; }}#block-wrap-14600 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}#block-wrap-45478 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-91320 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-95348 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 0px 0px;}#block-wrap-50772 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-75588 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 0px 0px;}#block-wrap-83738 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-27521 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 0px 0px;}#block-wrap-92416 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-34295 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 0px 0px;}#block-wrap-51448 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-79944 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 0px 0px;}#block-wrap-15846 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}#block-wrap-41295 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 30px 0px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 1239px) {#block-wrap-14600 .zeen-col-sz-33 {width: calc( 33.33333% - 15px);}#block-wrap-14600 .zeen-col-sz-46 {width: calc( 46.666666% - 15px);}#block-wrap-14600 .zeen-col-sz-66 {width: calc( 66.666666% - 15px);}#block-wrap-14600 .zeen-col-sz-20 {width: calc( 20% - 15px);}#block-wrap-14600 .zeen-col-sz-50 {width: calc( 50% - 15px);}#block-wrap-14600 .zeen-col-sz-25 {width: calc( 25% - 15px);}}@media only screen and (max-width: 859px) {}@media only screen and (min-width: 860px) {#block-wrap-14600 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-95348 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-75588 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-27521 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-34295 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-79944 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-15846 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 0px 30px 0px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 1240px) {.hero-l .single-content {padding-top: 45px}#block-wrap-14600 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:60px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-14600 .zeen-col-sz-33 {width: calc( 33.33333% - 15px);}#block-wrap-14600 .zeen-col-sz-46 {width: calc( 46.666666% - 15px);}#block-wrap-14600 .zeen-col-sz-66 {width: calc( 66.666666% - 15px);}#block-wrap-14600 .zeen-col-sz-20 {width: calc( 20% - 15px);}#block-wrap-14600 .zeen-col-sz-50 {width: calc( 50% - 15px);}#block-wrap-14600 .zeen-col-sz-25 {width: calc( 25% - 15px);}#block-wrap-45478 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:30px 50px 30px 50px;}#block-wrap-50772 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:0px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-83738 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:0px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-83738.meta-skin-base .meta {padding: 30px;}#block-wrap-92416 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:0px 0px 30px 0px;}#block-wrap-51448 > .tipi-row-inner-style{padding:0px 0px 30px 0px;}.align-fs .contents-wrap .video-wrap, .align-fs-center .aligncenter.size-full, .align-fs-center .wp-caption.aligncenter .size-full, .align-fs-center .tiled-gallery, .align-fs .alignwide { width: 1170px; }.align-fs .contents-wrap .video-wrap { height: 658px; }.has-bg .align-fs .contents-wrap .video-wrap, .has-bg .align-fs .alignwide, .has-bg .align-fs-center .aligncenter.size-full, .has-bg .align-fs-center .wp-caption.aligncenter .size-full, .has-bg .align-fs-center .tiled-gallery { width: 1230px; }.has-bg .align-fs .contents-wrap .video-wrap { height: 691px; }body{line-height:1.8}html, body{font-size:20px}.byline{font-size:20px}input[type=submit], button, .tipi-button,.button,.wpcf7-submit,.button__back__home{font-size:20px}.excerpt{font-size:20px}.logo-fallback, .secondary-wrap .logo-fallback a{font-size:30px}.breadcrumbs{font-size:20px}.hero-meta.tipi-s-typo .title{font-size:36px}.hero-meta.tipi-s-typo .subtitle{font-size:20px}.hero-meta.tipi-m-typo .title{font-size:44px}.hero-meta.tipi-m-typo .subtitle{font-size:20px}.hero-meta.tipi-xl-typo .title{font-size:50px}.hero-meta.tipi-xl-typo .subtitle{font-size:20px}.block-html-content h1, .single-content .entry-content h1{font-size:44px}.block-html-content h2, .single-content .entry-content h2{font-size:40px}.block-html-content h3, .single-content .entry-content h3{font-size:30px}.block-html-content h4, .single-content .entry-content h4{font-size:20px}.block-html-content h5, .single-content .entry-content h5{font-size:20px}.footer-block-links{font-size:20px}.site-footer .copyright{font-size:18px}.footer-navigation{font-size:20px}.site-footer .menu-icons{font-size:18px}.main-navigation, .main-navigation .menu-icon--text{font-size:20px}.sub-menu a:not(.tipi-button){font-size:20px}.main-navigation .menu-icon, .main-navigation .trending-icon-solo{font-size:18px}.secondary-wrap-v .standard-drop>a,.secondary-wrap, .secondary-wrap a, .secondary-wrap .menu-icon--text{font-size:20px}.secondary-wrap .menu-icon, .secondary-wrap .menu-icon a, .secondary-wrap .trending-icon-solo{font-size:18px}.block-title, .page-title{font-size:40px}.block-subtitle{font-size:20px}.block-col-self .preview-2 .title{font-size:36px}.block-wrap-classic .tipi-m-typo .title-wrap .title{font-size:30px}.tipi-s-typo .title, .ppl-s-3 .tipi-s-typo .title, .zeen-col--wide .ppl-s-3 .tipi-s-typo .title, .preview-1 .title, .preview-21:not(.tipi-xs-typo) .title{font-size:24px}.tipi-xs-typo .title, .tipi-basket-wrap .basket-item .title{font-size:20px}.meta .read-more-wrap{font-size:20px}.widget-title{font-size:20px}.split-1:not(.preview-thumbnail) .mask{-webkit-flex: 0 0 calc( 50% - 15px); -ms-flex: 0 0 calc( 50% - 15px); flex: 0 0 calc( 50% - 15px); width: calc( 50% - 15px);}.footer-lower-area{padding-top:30px}.footer-lower-area{padding-bottom:10px}.footer-upper-area{padding-bottom:30px}.footer-upper-area{padding-top:75px}.footer-widget-wrap{padding-bottom:20px}.footer-widget-wrap{padding-top:30px}.block-wrap-grid .tipi-xl-typo .title{font-size:45px}.block-wrap-grid .tipi-l-typo .title{font-size:36px}.block-wrap-grid .tipi-m-typo .title-wrap .title, .block-94 .block-piece-2 .tipi-xs-12 .title-wrap .title, .zeen-col--wide .block-wrap-grid:not(.block-wrap-81):not(.block-wrap-82) .tipi-m-typo .title-wrap .title, .zeen-col--wide .block-wrap-grid .tipi-l-typo .title, .zeen-col--wide .block-wrap-grid .tipi-xl-typo .title{font-size:24px}.block-wrap-grid .tipi-s-typo .title-wrap .title, .block-92 .block-piece-2 article .title-wrap .title, .block-94 .block-piece-2 .tipi-xs-6 .title-wrap .title{font-size:20px!important}.block-wrap-grid .tipi-s-typo .title-wrap .subtitle, .block-92 .block-piece-2 article .title-wrap .subtitle, .block-94 .block-piece-2 .tipi-xs-6 .title-wrap .subtitle{font-size:20px}.preview-grid .read-more-wrap{font-size:20px}}.main-menu-bar-color-1 .current-menu-item > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu > .dropper.active:not(.current-menu-item) > a { background-color: #1e73be;}.cats .cat-with-bg, .byline-1 .comments { font-size:0.8em; }.site-header a { color: #545454; }.site-skin-3.content-subscribe, .site-skin-3.content-subscribe .subtitle, .site-skin-3.content-subscribe input, .site-skin-3.content-subscribe h2 { color: #fff; } .site-skin-3.content-subscribe input[type="email"] { border-color: #fff; }.footer-widget-wrap .widget_search form { border-color:#333; }.sidebar-wrap .sidebar { border:1px #ddd solid ; }.content-area .zeen-widget { border: 0 #ddd solid ; border-width: 0 0 1px 0; }.content-area .zeen-widget { padding:30px 0px 30px; }.grid-image-1 .mask-overlay { background-color: #1a1d1e ; }.with-fi.preview-grid,.with-fi.preview-grid .byline,.with-fi.preview-grid .subtitle, .with-fi.preview-grid a { color: #fff; }.preview-grid .mask-overlay { opacity: 0.2 ; }@media (pointer: fine) {.preview-grid:hover .mask-overlay { opacity: 0.6 ; }}.slider-image-1 .mask-overlay { background-color: #1a1d1e ; }.with-fi.preview-slider-overlay,.with-fi.preview-slider-overlay .byline,.with-fi.preview-slider-overlay .subtitle, .with-fi.preview-slider-overlay a { color: #fff; }.preview-slider-overlay .mask-overlay { opacity: 0.2 ; }@media (pointer: fine) {.preview-slider-overlay:hover .mask-overlay { opacity: 0.6 ; }}.site-footer .bg-area-inner, .site-footer .bg-area-inner .woo-product-rating span, .site-footer .bg-area-inner .stack-design-3 .meta { background-color: #313131; }.site-footer .bg-area-inner .background { background-image: none; opacity: 1; }.footer-lower-area { color: #fff; }.to-top-2 a { border-color: #fff; }.to-top-2 i:after { background: #fff; }.site-footer .bg-area-inner,.site-footer .bg-area-inner .byline,.site-footer .bg-area-inner a,.site-footer .bg-area-inner .widget_search form *,.site-footer .bg-area-inner h3,.site-footer .bg-area-inner .widget-title { color:#fff; }.site-footer .bg-area-inner .tipi-spin.tipi-row-inner-style:before { border-color:#fff; }.site-footer .footer-widget-bg-area, .site-footer .footer-widget-bg-area .woo-product-rating span, .site-footer .footer-widget-bg-area .stack-design-3 .meta { background-color: #272727; }.site-footer .footer-widget-bg-area .background { background-image: none; opacity: 1; }.site-footer .footer-widget-bg-area .block-skin-0 .tipi-arrow { color:#ffffff; border-color:#ffffff; }.site-footer .footer-widget-bg-area .block-skin-0 .tipi-arrow i:after{ background:#ffffff; }.site-footer .footer-widget-bg-area,.site-footer .footer-widget-bg-area .byline,.site-footer .footer-widget-bg-area a,.site-footer .footer-widget-bg-area .widget_search form *,.site-footer .footer-widget-bg-area h3,.site-footer .footer-widget-bg-area .widget-title { color:#ffffff; }.site-footer .footer-widget-bg-area .tipi-spin.tipi-row-inner-style:before { border-color:#ffffff; }.main-navigation, .main-navigation .menu-icon--text { color: #545454; }.main-navigation .horizontal-menu>li>a { padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; }.main-navigation-border { border-bottom:2px #939393 solid ; }.main-navigation-border .drop-search { border-top:2px #939393 solid ; }#progress {bottom: 0;height: 2px; }.sticky-menu-2:not(.active) #progress { bottom: -2px; }.main-navigation-border { border-top: 2px #eee solid ; }.main-navigation .horizontal-menu .drop, .main-navigation .horizontal-menu > li > a, .date--main { padding-top: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; }.site-mob-header .menu-icon { font-size: 18px; }.site-mob-header .tipi-i-menu-mob { width: 18px; }.site-mob-header .tipi-i-menu-mob:before {top: -7px;}.site-mob-header .tipi-i-menu-mob:after {top: 7px;}.secondary-wrap-v .standard-drop>a,.secondary-wrap, .secondary-wrap a, .secondary-wrap .menu-icon--text { color: #ffffff; }.secondary-wrap .menu-secondary > li > a, .secondary-icons li > a { padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }.mc4wp-form-fields input[type=submit], .mc4wp-form-fields button, #subscribe-submit input[type=submit], .subscribe-wrap input[type=submit] {color: #fff;background-color: #121212;}.site-mob-header:not(.site-mob-header-11) .header-padding .logo-main-wrap, .site-mob-header:not(.site-mob-header-11) .header-padding .icons-wrap a, .site-mob-header-11 .header-padding { padding-top: 21px; padding-bottom: 0px; }.site-header .header-padding { padding-top:5px; padding-bottom:5px; }.site-header-11 .menu { border-top-width: 8px;}@media only screen and (min-width: 860px){.tipi-m-0 {display: none}} </style> <style id='zeen-logo-inline-css' type='text/css'> @media only screen and (min-width: 1020px) {.logo-main .logo-img{display:inline-flex;width: 333px; height:65px;}.logo-footer .logo-img{display:inline-flex;width: 80px; height:80px;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 1199px) {.logo-mobile .logo-img{display:inline-flex;width: 333px; height:65px;}} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" async="async" data-noptimize="1" data-cfasync="false" src="https://scripts.mediavine.com/tags/neuroscience-news.js?ver=6.7.1" id="mv-script-wrapper-js"></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/12740" /><meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fneurosciencenews.com%2F" /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fneurosciencenews.com%2F&format=xml" /> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style><link rel="preload" type="font/woff2" as="font" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/wp-content/themes/zeen/assets/css/tipi/tipi.woff2?9oa0lg" crossorigin="anonymous"><meta name="onesignal" content="wordpress-plugin"/> <!-- There is no amphtml version available for this URL. --><link rel="icon" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/08/cropped-Neuroscience-News-Site-Icon-512-comp-32x32.jpg" sizes="32x32" /><link rel="icon" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/08/cropped-Neuroscience-News-Site-Icon-512-comp-192x192.jpg" sizes="192x192" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/08/cropped-Neuroscience-News-Site-Icon-512-comp-180x180.jpg" /><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/08/cropped-Neuroscience-News-Site-Icon-512-comp-270x270.jpg" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .horizontal-menu .drop, .horizontal-menu>li>a, .horizontal-menu .logo-main-menu a { color: inherit; } } .global-accent-text, .mm-submenu-2 .mm-51 .menu-wrap > .sub-menu>li> a { color: #fff; } #optinforms-form5 .optinforms-confirm-checkbox { color: #fff; } .pagination .page-numbers{font-size:16px;} .block-title-wrap .block-subtitle { color: inherit; font-weight: 400; display: block;} .cb-divider{width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;text-align:center;margin:30px 0}.cb-divider .cb-title{color:#777;margin:0;position:relative;display:inline-block;letter-spacing:2px;line-height:1.2;text-transform:uppercase;padding:7px 30px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;background:#fff}.cb-divider .cb-title:after{content:"";display:block;height:10px;position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-5px;width:1920px;left:100%;background:#ddd}.cb-divider .cb-title:before{content:"";display:block;height:10px;position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-5px;width:1920px;right:100%;background:#ddd} #buddypress ul.item-list li div.item-title span, #buddypress table.notifications, #buddypress .thread-from, #buddypress .standard-form legend, #buddypress .thread-options, #buddypress ul.item-list li div.item-desc, #buddypress .item-title, #buddypress .item-meta, #buddypress .activity-list li, #buddypress div.activity-comments form.ac-form, #buddypress #whats-new-post-in-box, #buddypress div.dir-search input[type=text], #buddypress li.groups-members-search input[type=text], #buddypress .standard-form label, #buddypress div#item-header div#item-meta, #buddypress span.activity, #buddypress span.highlight { font-size: 18px !important; } #buddypress div.item-list-tabs { font-size: 18px; } .sorter .current-txt{ font-size: 18px; color: #000; } /*mediavine sidebar fix*/ @media only screen and (min-width: 1020px) { .sidebar-right .main-block-wrap { max-width: calc(100% - 392px)!important; } .sidebar-right .sidebar-wrap { min-width: 392px!important; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 359px) { .single-content { padding-right:10px!important; padding-left:10px!important; } } /*end mediavine sidebar fix*/ </style> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-35520850-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-STFNTZPE4K"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-STFNTZPE4K'); </script><link rel="publisher" href="https://plus.google.com/+Neuroscience"><meta property="fb:admins" content="neuroscience" /><meta name = "twitter:card" content = "summary_large_image"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//i2.wp.com/" data-set-by="Speed Optimizer by SiteGround"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//i0.wp.com/" data-set-by="Speed Optimizer by SiteGround"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//i1.wp.com/" data-set-by="Speed Optimizer by SiteGround"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/" data-set-by="Speed Optimizer by SiteGround"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.cloudflare.com/" data-set-by="Speed Optimizer by SiteGround"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//stats.wp.com/" data-set-by="Speed Optimizer by SiteGround"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//gmpg.org/" data-set-by="Speed Optimizer by SiteGround"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/" data-set-by="Speed Optimizer by SiteGround"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.gstatic.com/" data-set-by="Speed Optimizer by SiteGround"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//plus.google.com/" data-set-by="Speed Optimizer by SiteGround"/></head><body data-rsssl=1 class="home page-template-default page page-id-12740 headings-f1 body-f2 sub-f1 quotes-f1 by-f3 wh-f2 block-titles-big block-titles-mid-1 menu-no-color-hover grids-spacing-0 excerpt-mob-off skin-light zeen-sb-sticky-off footer-widgets-text-white site-mob-menu-a-1 site-mob-menu-1 mm-submenu-1 main-menu-logo-1 body-header-style-11 body-hero-s tipi-builder-page tipi-builder-on byline-font-2"><div id="page" class="site"><div id="mob-line" class="tipi-m-0"></div><header id="mobhead" class="site-header-block site-mob-header tipi-m-0 site-mob-header-1 site-mob-menu-1 site-skin-1 site-img-1"><div class="bg-area header-padding tipi-row tipi-vertical-c"><ul class="menu-left icons-wrap tipi-vertical-c"></ul><div class="logo-main-wrap logo-mob-wrap"><div class="logo logo-mobile"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com" data-pin-nopin="true"><span class="logo-img"><img src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/07/Neuroscience-News_AZ_RevNewest-scaled-e1596228355273-1.jpg" alt="Neuroscience News logo for mobile." width="333" height="65"></span></a></div></div><ul class="menu-right icons-wrap tipi-vertical-c"></ul><div class="background mask"></div></div></header><!-- .site-mob-header --><div class="site-inner"><header id="masthead" class="site-header-block site-header clearfix site-header-11 header-width-2 header-skin-1 site-img-1 mm-ani-0 mm-skin-2 main-menu-skin-1 main-menu-width-2 main-menu-bar-color-1 logo-only-when-stuck main-menu-c" data-pt-diff="0" data-pb-diff="0"><div class="bg-area"><div class="tipi-flex-lcr header-padding tipi-flex-eq-height"><ul class="horizontal-menu tipi-flex-eq-height font-3 menu-icons tipi-flex-l secondary-wrap"></ul><div class="logo-main-wrap header-padding tipi-all-c logo-main-wrap-center"><div class="logo logo-main"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com" data-pin-nopin="true"><span class="logo-img"><img src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/07/Neuroscience-News_AZ_RevNewest-scaled-e1596228355273.jpg" alt="Neuroscience News Logo" width="333" height="65"></span></a></div></div><ul class="horizontal-menu tipi-flex-eq-height font-3 menu-icons tipi-flex-r secondary-wrap"></ul></div><div class="background mask"></div></div></header><!-- .site-header --><div id="header-line"></div><nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation main-navigation-1 tipi-xs-0 clearfix logo-only-when-stuck main-menu-skin-1 main-menu-width-2 main-menu-bar-color-1 mm-skin-2 mm-submenu-1 mm-ani-0 main-menu-c sticky-menu-dt sticky-menu sticky-menu-3"><div class="main-navigation-border menu-bg-area"><div class="nav-grid clearfix tipi-row-off tipi-row"><div class="tipi-flex sticky-part sticky-p1"><div class="logo-menu-wrap tipi-vertical-c"><div class="logo logo-main-menu"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com" data-pin-nopin="true"><span class="logo-img"><img src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/07/NeuroscienceNewssmalllogo-whitebg.jpg" alt="Neuroscience News Small Logo" width="32" height="32"></span></a></div></div><ul id="menu-main-menu" class="menu-main-menu horizontal-menu tipi-flex font-3"><li id="menu-item-63928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-63928"><a title="Neuroscience Research" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neuroscience/" data-ppp="3" data-tid="3" data-term="category">Neuroscience</a><div class="menu mm-51 tipi-row mm-51-ppp-3" data-mm="51"><div class="menu-wrap"><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-92045" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-92045"><a title="Featured Neuroscience" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/featured/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Featured" data-url="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/featured/" data-subtitle="" data-count="23725" data-tid="18" data-term="category">Featured</a></li><li id="menu-item-63939" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-63939"><a title="Neuroscience Videos" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neuroscience-videos/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Neuroscience Videos" data-url="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neuroscience-videos/" data-subtitle="These articles have neuroscience videos included with the research. Visit the article and you will see the neuroscience related video embedded in the article. You can play the video from the page, or enlarge the video to full screen to watch it. When a video is open, you can often pick many other neuroscience videos to watch. Join us at YouTube.com/NeuroscienceNews for neuroscience videos as well." data-count="835" data-tid="4176" data-term="category">Neuroscience Videos</a></li><li id="menu-item-93812" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-93812"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/web-stories/">Neuro Web Stories</a></li><li id="menu-item-63941" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-63941"><a title="Open Access Neuroscience Articles" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/open-neuroscience-articles/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Open Neuroscience Articles" data-url="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/open-neuroscience-articles/" data-subtitle="Open access neuroscience articles are research articles that use at least one open access research paper as a reference. Open access articles are free for anyone to read." data-count="6403" data-tid="4759" data-term="category">Open Access Neuroscience</a></li><li id="menu-item-63935" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-63935"><a title="Electrophysiology Research Articles" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/electrophysiology/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Electrophysiology" data-url="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/electrophysiology/" data-subtitle="Electrophysiology research articles can cover research involving whole cell patch-clamp recordings, voltage clamping, current clamping, multielectrode arrays, EEG, brain machine interfaces, field potentials, neural prosthetics, deep brain stimulation, synaptic plasticity and other work." data-count="342" data-tid="4023" data-term="category">Electrophysiology</a></li><li id="menu-item-63936" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-63936"><a title="Genetics" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/genetics/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Genetics" data-url="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/genetics/" data-subtitle="Genetics articles related to neuroscience research will be listed here." data-count="3368" data-tid="16" data-term="category">Genetics</a></li><li id="menu-item-93809" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-93809"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-programs/">Neuroscience Programs</a></li></ul></div></div></li><li id="menu-item-63930" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-63930"><a title="Neurology Research Articles" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neurology/" data-ppp="3" data-tid="4" data-term="category">Neurology</a><div class="menu mm-51 tipi-row mm-51-ppp-3" data-mm="51"><div class="menu-wrap"><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-63945" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-63945"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/alzheimers-disease/">Alzheimer’s Disease</a></li><li id="menu-item-63953" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-63953"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/brain-research/">Brain Research</a></li><li id="menu-item-63933" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-63933"><a title="Brain Cancer" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/brain-cancer/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Brain Cancer" data-url="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/brain-cancer/" data-subtitle="Brain Cancer research articles are listed. Brain cancer news covers topics such as diagnosis, brain tumors, chemotherapy, gamma knife technology, brain cancer treatments, glioblastomas, stem cell research, neurosurgery, medicine, genetics, neurology, and other brain research." data-count="526" data-tid="15" data-term="category">Brain Cancer</a></li><li id="menu-item-63932" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-63932"><a title="Autism/ ASD" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/autism/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Autism" data-url="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/autism/" data-subtitle="Research articles covering work related to austism spectrum disorders are provided below." data-count="921" data-tid="19" data-term="category">Autism</a></li><li id="menu-item-63946" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-63946"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/epilepsy/">Epilepsy</a></li><li id="menu-item-63947" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-63947"><a title="Traumatic Brain Injury Research" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/traumatic-brain-injury/">Traumatic Brain Injuries</a></li><li id="menu-item-63948" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-63948"><a title="Parkinson’s Disease" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/parkinsons-disease/">Parkinson’s Disease</a></li></ul></div></div></li><li id="menu-item-65689" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-65689"><a title="Psychology Research Articles" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/psychology/" data-ppp="3" data-tid="5894" data-term="category">Psychology</a><div class="menu mm-51 tipi-row mm-51-ppp-3" data-mm="51"><div class="menu-wrap"><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-63952" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-63952"><a title="Schizophrenia" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/schizophrenia/">Schizophrenia</a></li><li id="menu-item-63950" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-63950"><a title="Depression" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/depression/">Depression</a></li><li id="menu-item-63949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-63949"><a title="Bipolar Disorder" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/bipolar-disorder/">Bipolar Disorder</a></li><li id="menu-item-63951" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-63951"><a title="Mental Health" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/mental-health/">Mental Health</a></li></ul></div></div></li><li id="menu-item-64149" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-64149"><a title="Artificial Intelligence Research" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/artificial-intelligence/" data-ppp="3" data-tid="4120" data-term="category">AI</a><div class="menu mm-51 tipi-row mm-51-ppp-3" data-mm="51"><div class="menu-wrap"><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-63944" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-63944"><a title="Artificial Neural Networks" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/neural-networks/">Neural Networks</a></li><li id="menu-item-63934" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-63934"><a title="Deep Learning" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/deep-learning/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Deep Learning" data-url="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/deep-learning/" data-subtitle="Deep Learning news covers research articles on artificial neural networks, machine learning, big data representations, supervised learning, unsupervised learning and AI programming." data-count="360" data-tid="14603" data-term="category">Deep Learning</a></li><li id="menu-item-63937" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-63937"><a title="Machine Learning" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/machine-learning/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Machine Learning" data-url="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/machine-learning/" data-subtitle="Machine Learning news articles focus on AI research that allows machines to learn from data analysis without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning news reports, videos, research papers and science press releases are covered." data-count="269" data-tid="4455" data-term="category">Machine Learning</a></li></ul></div></div></li><li id="menu-item-66746" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-66746"><a title="Robotics News" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/robotics/" data-ppp="3" data-tid="4119" data-term="category">Robotics</a><div class="menu mm-51 tipi-row mm-51-ppp-3" data-mm="51"><div class="menu-wrap"></li><li id="menu-item-71969" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-71969"><a title="Neurotechnology News" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neurotech/" data-ppp="3" data-tid="10245" data-term="category">Neurotech</a><div class="menu mm-51 tipi-row mm-51-ppp-3" data-mm="51"><div class="menu-wrap"><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-71970" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-71970"><a title="Brain Computer Interfaces" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/brain-computer-interface/">Brain Computer Interfaces</a></li><li id="menu-item-64081" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-64081"><a title="Neuroprosthetics" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/neuroprosthetics/">Neuroprosthetics</a></li></ul></div></div></li><li id="menu-item-64086" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-64086"><a title="Learn more about Neuroscience News" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/about-neuroscience-news/">About</a><div class="menu mm-51 tipi-row mm-51-ppp-5" data-mm="51"><div class="menu-wrap"><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-64089" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-64089"><a title="Neuroscience Newsletters Signup Form" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-newsletters/">Neuroscience Newsletters</a></li><li id="menu-item-93810" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-93810"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/submit-neuroscience-news/">Submit Neuroscience News</a></li><li id="menu-item-64085" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy dropper drop-it menu-item-64085"><a title="Neuroscience News Privacty Policy" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-news-privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li><li id="menu-item-64090" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-64090"><a title="Neuroscience News Sitemap" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-news-sitemap/">Neuroscience News Sitemap</a></li><li id="menu-item-64083" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-64083"><a title="Contact Us at Neuroscience News" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/contact-neuroscience-news/">Contact Neuroscience News</a></li><li id="menu-item-93811" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-93811"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/advertise-on-neuroscience-news/">Advertise on Neuroscience News</a></li></ul></div></div></li></ul><ul class="horizontal-menu font-3 menu-icons tipi-flex-eq-height"><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-1 menu-icon-fb"><a href="https://facebook.com/NeuroscienceNews" data-title="Facebook" class="tipi-i-facebook tipi-tip tipi-tip-move" rel="noopener nofollow" aria-label="Facebook" target="_blank"></a></li><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-1 menu-icon-tw"><a href="https://twitter.com/neurosciencenew" data-title="X" class="tipi-i-x tipi-tip tipi-tip-move" rel="noopener nofollow" aria-label="X" target="_blank"></a></li><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-1 menu-icon-yt"><a href="https://youtube.com/Neuroscience" data-title="YouTube" class="tipi-i-youtube-play tipi-tip tipi-tip-move" rel="noopener nofollow" aria-label="YouTube" target="_blank"></a></li><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-1 menu-icon-linkedin"><a href="https://linkedin.com/company/neuroscience-news" data-title="Linkedin" class="tipi-i-linkedin tipi-tip tipi-tip-move" rel="noopener nofollow" aria-label="Linkedin" target="_blank"></a></li><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-1 menu-icon-search"><a href="#" class="tipi-i-search modal-tr tipi-tip tipi-tip-move" data-title="Search" data-type="search"></a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav><!-- .main-navigation --><div id="content" class="site-content clearfix"><div id="primary" class="content-area"><div id="page-wrap" class="post-wrap clearfix article-layout-skin-1 post-12740 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry mv-content-wrapper"><div id="contents-wrap" class="single-content contents-wrap clearfix article-layout-51"><div id="block-wrap-14600" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-110 block-css-14600 block-wrap-columns block-wrap-no-1 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 mob-fs block-skin-bg-0 tipi-box tipi-row block-wrap-cols-2 block-wrap-cols-2-1 block-wrap-110-multi clearfix" data-id="14600" data-base="0"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix tipi-flex tipi-flex-wrap"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap zeen-col-wrap tipi-flex tipi-flex-wrap tipi-flex-space-between"><div class="tipi-col zeen-col zeen-col-0 zeen-col-sz-66 zeen-col--wide"><div id="block-wrap-45478" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-48 block-css-45478 block-wrap-title block-wrap-no-2 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 block-skin-11 block-skin--light skin-inner block-is-nest clearfix" data-id="45478" data-base="11"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="block-title-wrap module-block-title clearfix block-title-wrap-style block-title-1"><div class="block-title-area clearfix"><div class="block-title font-1"><p>Neuroscience News Home</p></div></div></div><div class="block-html-content clearfix"><p style="text-align: justify;">Neuroscience News is an independent open access science magazine. Since 2001, we have featured neuroscience research news from labs, universities, hospitals and news departments around the world. Topics include brain research, AI, psychology, neuroscience, mental health and neurotech.</p></div></div></div></div><div id="block-wrap-91320" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-1 block-css-91320 block-wrap-classic block-wrap-no-4 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 block-skin-0 filter-wrap-1 block-is-nest clearfix" data-id="91320" data-base="0"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="block-title-wrap module-block-title clearfix block-title-wrap-style block-title-1"><div class="block-title-area clearfix"><div class="block-title font-1"><h2><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neuroscience/" rel="">Latest Neuroscience News</a></h2></div><div class="block-subtitle font-1"><p>Science news articles cover neuroscience, neurology, psychology, AI, mental health, robotics, neurotechnology and cognitive sciences.</p></div></div><div class="filters tipi-flex font-2"></div></div><div class="block block-1 clearfix preview-review-bot"><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-0 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107310 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neurology category-neuroscience tag-brain-research tag-dyskinesia tag-ketamine tag-l-dopa-induced-dyskinesia tag-motor-control tag-neurobiology tag-neurology tag-neuropharmacology tag-neuroscience tag-parkinsons-disease tag-university-of-arizona mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:0"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-28303/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a brain." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-28303/">Ketamine Offers Hope for Parkinson鈥檚 Treatment-Linked Dyskinesia</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Researchers have uncovered a new understanding of levodopa-induced dyskinesia, a common side effect in Parkinson鈥檚 patients, revealing that the motor cortex disconnects rather than directly causing these movements.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-28303/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-1 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107305 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-autism category-featured category-neuroscience tag-asd tag-autism tag-bilingualism tag-brain-development tag-brain-research tag-cognition tag-developmental-neuroscience tag-language tag-multilingualism tag-neurobiology tag-neurodevelopment tag-neuroscience tag-ucla mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:1"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/multilingualism-autism-cognition-28302/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows kids and speech bubbles." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/multilingualism-autism-cognition-28302/">Multilingualism Boosts Cognitive Skills in Children With Autism</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Children in multilingual households, including those with autism, demonstrate stronger executive functions, such as inhibition, flexibility, and perspective-taking, compared to monolingual peers. Speaking multiple languages also reduces repetitive behaviors and improves communication, key challenges in autism.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/multilingualism-autism-cognition-28302/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-2 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107301 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-genetics category-neuroscience tag-brain-research tag-evolution tag-evolutionary-neuroscience tag-genetics tag-neurobiology tag-neuroscience tag-uc-santa-barbara mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:2"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/gene-expression-brain-evolution-28301/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a brain." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/gene-expression-brain-evolution-28301/">Gene Expression Drives Evolution of Human Brain Complexity</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">While humans share over 95% of their genome with chimpanzees, our brains are far more complex due to differences in gene expression. Research shows that human brain cells, particularly glial cells, exhibit higher levels of upregulated genes, enhancing neural plasticity and development.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/gene-expression-brain-evolution-28301/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article></div><div class="load-more-wrap load-more-size-2 load-more-wrap-1"><a href="#" data-id="91320" class="block-loader block-more block-more-1 tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__size-1 custom-button__rounded-1">Load more</a></div></div></div></div><div id="block-wrap-95348" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-50 block-css-95348 block-wrap-da da-resp-off block-wrap-no-5 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 block-skin-1 block-skin--light block-is-nest clearfix" data-id="95348" data-base="1"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="zeen-da-wrap"><div class="block-html-content clearfix"><div class="content_hint"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="block-wrap-50772" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-1 block-css-50772 block-wrap-classic block-wrap-no-7 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 block-skin-0 filter-wrap-1 block-is-nest clearfix" data-id="50772" data-base="0"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="block-title-wrap module-block-title clearfix block-title-wrap-style block-title-1"><div class="block-title-area clearfix"><div class="block-title font-1"><h3><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neurology/" rel="">Neurology News Articles</a></h3></div><div class="block-subtitle font-1"><p>Neurology news articles cover neurology, <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/brain-cancer/" rel="">brain cancer</a>, <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/traumatic-brain-injury/" rel="">traumatic brain injuries</a>, neurosurgery, neuroanatomy, <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/brain-research/" rel="">brain research</a> and neurological disorders.</p></div></div><div class="filters tipi-flex font-2"></div></div><div class="block block-1 clearfix preview-review-bot"><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-0 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107288 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neurology category-neuroscience tag-alzheimers-disease tag-brain-research tag-cold-sores tag-herpes-simplex-virus tag-herpesvirus tag-hsv-1 tag-neurobiology tag-neurology tag-neuroscience tag-university-of-pittsburgh mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:0"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/hsv-1-herpesvirus-alzheimers-28297/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a brain and a virus." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/hsv-1-herpesvirus-alzheimers-28297/">Link Between Cold Sore Herpes Virus and Alzheimer’s Discovered</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Researchers discovered a connection between Alzheimer鈥檚 disease and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), suggesting viral infections may contribute to neurodegeneration. The study found that tau protein, typically seen as harmful in Alzheimer鈥檚, might initially protect the brain from the virus but later exacerbate damage.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/hsv-1-herpesvirus-alzheimers-28297/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-1 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107212 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neurology category-neuroscience tag-alzheimers-disease tag-arizona-state-university tag-brain-research tag-cytomegalovirus tag-gut-bacteria tag-gut-brain-axis tag-hcmv tag-microbiome tag-microbiota tag-neurobiology tag-neurology tag-neuroscience mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:1"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/hcmv-virus-alzheimers-28281/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a brain and viruses." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/alzheimers-gut-infection-neurosicence.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/hcmv-virus-alzheimers-28281/">Chronic Gut Virus May Play a Role in Alzheimer鈥檚 Development</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Researchers have linked chronic intestinal infections caused by cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to a unique subtype of Alzheimer鈥檚 disease. The virus may travel from the gut to the brain via the vagus nerve, altering immune responses and contributing to hallmark Alzheimer鈥檚 changes like amyloid plaques and tau tangles. While HCMV infection is common and typically harmless, this study found that it may cause chronic brain inflammation in certain individuals.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/hcmv-virus-alzheimers-28281/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-2 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107208 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neurology category-neuroscience tag-aging tag-ai tag-artificial-intelligence tag-brain-aging tag-brain-research tag-cognition tag-deep-learning tag-karolinska-institute tag-machine-learning tag-neurobiology tag-neurology tag-neuroscience tag-vascular-system mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:2"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ai-vascular-brain-aging-28280/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a brain." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/vascular-health-brain-aging-neurosicence.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ai-vascular-brain-aging-28280/">AI Estimates Brain Age, Links Lifestyle to Cognitive Health</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Researchers used AI to analyze brain images from 70-year-olds, estimating their biological brain age and uncovering connections to lifestyle and health factors. Diabetes, inflammation, and high glucose levels were linked to older-looking brains, while regular exercise and healthy habits were associated with younger-looking brains.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ai-vascular-brain-aging-28280/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article></div><div class="load-more-wrap load-more-size-2 load-more-wrap-1"><a href="#" data-id="50772" class="block-loader block-more block-more-1 tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__size-1 custom-button__rounded-1">Load more</a></div></div></div></div><div id="block-wrap-75588" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-50 block-css-75588 block-wrap-da da-resp-off block-wrap-no-8 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 block-skin-1 block-skin--light block-is-nest clearfix" data-id="75588" data-base="1"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="zeen-da-wrap"><div class="block-html-content clearfix"><div class="content_hint"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="block-wrap-83738" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-1 block-css-83738 block-wrap-classic block-wrap-no-10 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 meta-skin-base meta-skin-1 block-skin-0 filter-wrap-1 block-is-nest clearfix" data-id="83738" data-base="0"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="block-title-wrap module-block-title clearfix block-title-wrap-style block-title-1"><div class="block-title-area clearfix"><div class="block-title font-1"><h4><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/artificial-intelligence/" rel="">AI News Articles</a></h4></div><div class="block-subtitle font-1"><p>AI news articles cover science articles about artificial intelligence including ChatGPT, Bard, Dalle, neural networks, machine learning, LLMs, AGI and other AI related topics.</p></div></div><div class="filters tipi-flex font-2"></div></div><div class="block block-1 clearfix preview-review-bot"><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-0 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107277 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-brain-cancer category-featured category-neuroscience tag-ai tag-artificial-intelligence tag-brain-cancer tag-brain-research tag-cancer tag-csic tag-deep-learning tag-machine-learning tag-molecular-lantern tag-neurobiology tag-neurology tag-neuroscience tag-neurotech mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:0"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-ai-28294/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a brain." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-ai-28294/">Revolutionizing Brain Diagnostics with Light and AI</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">A new "molecular lantern" technique allows researchers to monitor molecular changes in the brain non-invasively using a thin light-emitting probe. This innovative tool utilizes Raman spectroscopy to detect chemical changes caused by tumors, injuries, or other pathologies without altering the brain beforehand.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/molecular-lantern-brain-cancer-ai-28294/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-1 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107123 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neuroscience category-psychology tag-ai tag-artificial-intelligence tag-brain-research tag-chatgpt tag-deep-learning tag-likeability tag-llms tag-machine-learning tag-neurobiology tag-neuroscience tag-personality tag-personality-tests tag-pnas-nexus tag-psychology mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:1"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ai-likability-personality-tests-28262/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a person and a digital brain." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ai-personality-likability-neurosience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ai-likability-personality-tests-28262/">AI Tweaks Personality Tests to Appear More Likable</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Large language models (LLMs) can identify when they are being given personality tests and adjust their responses to appear more socially desirable. Researchers found that LLMs, like GPT-4, showed exaggerated traits such as reduced neuroticism and increased extraversion when asked multiple test questions.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ai-likability-personality-tests-28262/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-2 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107091 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neurology category-neuroscience tag-ai tag-artificial-intelligence tag-brain-research tag-deep-learning tag-emotion tag-intelligent-computing tag-machine-learning tag-neurobiology tag-neurology tag-neuroscience tag-parkinsons-disease mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:2"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/parkinsons-ai-emotion-28255/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a woman and brain waves." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/emotion-parkinsons-ai-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/parkinsons-ai-emotion-28255/">Accurate Parkinson鈥檚 Detection via Emotional Brain Responses</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">A new study has achieved near-perfect accuracy in detecting Parkinson's disease by analyzing brain responses to emotional stimuli using EEG and AI. Researchers found that Parkinson's patients process emotions differently, struggling with recognizing fear, disgust, and surprise and focusing more on emotional intensity than valence.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/parkinsons-ai-emotion-28255/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article></div><div class="load-more-wrap load-more-size-2 load-more-wrap-1"><a href="#" data-id="83738" class="block-loader block-more block-more-1 tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__size-1 custom-button__rounded-1">Load more</a></div></div></div></div><div id="block-wrap-27521" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-50 block-css-27521 block-wrap-da da-resp-off block-wrap-no-11 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 block-skin-1 block-skin--light block-is-nest clearfix" data-id="27521" data-base="1"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="zeen-da-wrap"><div class="block-html-content clearfix"><div class="content_hint"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="block-wrap-92416" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-1 block-css-92416 block-wrap-classic block-wrap-no-12 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 block-skin-0 filter-wrap-1 block-is-nest clearfix" data-id="92416" data-base="0"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="block-title-wrap module-block-title clearfix block-title-wrap-style block-title-1"><div class="block-title-area clearfix"><div class="block-title font-1"><h4><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/psychology/" rel="">Psychology News Articles</a></h4></div><div class="block-subtitle font-1"><p>Science research articles cover psychology, depression, <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/mental-health/" rel="">mental health</a>, schizophrenia, mental disorders, happiness, stress, PTSD, autism, psychiatry and therapy.</p></div></div><div class="filters tipi-flex font-2"></div></div><div class="block block-1 clearfix preview-review-bot"><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-0 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107282 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neuroscience category-psychology tag-brain-research tag-insomnia tag-memory tag-mental-health tag-neurobiology tag-neuroscience tag-psychology tag-ptsd tag-sleep tag-sleep-deprivation tag-university-of-east-anglia mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:0"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ptsd-sleep-deprivation-memory-28296/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a brain." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ptsd-sleep-deprivation-memory-28296/">Poor Sleep Linked to Difficulty Controlling Unwanted Thoughts</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Sleep deprivation impairs brain regions responsible for suppressing unwanted thoughts, contributing to mental health challenges. Functional neuroimaging revealed reduced activation in the prefrontal cortex and increased hippocampal activity in sleep-deprived individuals, suggesting memory control deficits.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ptsd-sleep-deprivation-memory-28296/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-1 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107248 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neuroscience category-psychology tag-aps tag-brain-research tag-neurobiology tag-neuroscience tag-personality tag-personality-traits tag-psychology tag-relationships mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:1"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/personality-singles-satisfaction-28289/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows different people." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/singels-personality-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/personality-singles-satisfaction-28289/">The Personality Gap Between Singles and the Partnered</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Lifelong singles score lower on life satisfaction and show distinct personality traits compared to those in long-term relationships. Using data from 77,000 Europeans aged 50+, researchers observed that lifelong singles are less extroverted, conscientious, and open to new experiences. While single women report higher satisfaction than single men, societal expectations about marriage further impact satisfaction levels in cultures with high marriage rates.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/personality-singles-satisfaction-28289/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-2 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107240 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neuroscience category-psychology tag-asd tag-autism tag-behavioral-neuroscience tag-brain-research tag-depression tag-emotion tag-genomic-press tag-mental-health tag-neurobiology tag-neuroscience tag-oxytocin tag-psychology tag-social-behavior tag-social-neuroscience mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:2"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/oxytocin-emotion-social-behavior-28287/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows two heads." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/oxytocin-social-behavior-emotion-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/oxytocin-emotion-social-behavior-28287/">Oxytocin Influences Social Behavior and Emotional Response</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">New research reveals how oxytocin profoundly influences social behavior and emotional responses in the brain. Animal models have shown how this hormone impacts social fear and how chronic stress or early life experiences shape behavioral patterns.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/oxytocin-emotion-social-behavior-28287/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article></div><div class="load-more-wrap load-more-size-2 load-more-wrap-1"><a href="#" data-id="92416" class="block-loader block-more block-more-1 tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__size-1 custom-button__rounded-1">Load more</a></div></div></div></div><div id="block-wrap-34295" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-50 block-css-34295 block-wrap-da da-resp-off block-wrap-no-13 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 block-skin-1 block-skin--light block-is-nest clearfix" data-id="34295" data-base="1"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="zeen-da-wrap"><div class="block-html-content clearfix"><div class="content_hint"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="block-wrap-51448" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-1 block-css-51448 block-wrap-classic block-wrap-no-14 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 block-skin-0 filter-wrap-1 block-is-nest clearfix" data-id="51448" data-base="0"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="block-title-wrap module-block-title clearfix block-title-wrap-style block-title-1"><div class="block-title-area clearfix"><div class="block-title font-1"><h2>Trending Neuroscience News</h2></div><div class="block-subtitle font-1"><p>These are the most viewed Neuroscience News articles of the month.</p></div></div><div class="filters tipi-flex font-2"></div></div><div class="block block-1 clearfix preview-review-bot"><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-0 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-106678 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neuroscience tag-astrocytes tag-brain-development tag-brain-plasticity tag-brain-research tag-cannabis tag-developmental-neuroscience tag-knaw tag-neurobiology tag-neurodevelopment tag-neuroplasticity tag-neuroscience mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:0"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/cb1-astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-28163/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows astrocytes and leaves." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-neurosicence.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/cb1-astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-28163/">Cannabis Impacts Brain Plasticity via Astrocyte Receptors</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Researchers discovered that cannabis affects brain development by interacting with CB1 receptors on astrocytes, not just neurons. Using a mouse model, they showed that removing these receptors impaired the brain鈥檚 ability to adapt during critical periods of plasticity, particularly in the visual cortex.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/cb1-astrocytes-cannabis-neuroplasticity-28163/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-1 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-106637 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neuroscience tag-autophagy tag-brain-research tag-buck-institute tag-ketone-bodies tag-ketones tag-neurobiology tag-neuroscience mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:1"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ketone-bodies-autophagy-28154/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a neuron." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/ketone-bodies-autophagy-neurosicence.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ketone-bodies-autophagy-28154/">Ketone Bodies Clear Damaged Proteins in the Brain</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Ketone bodies, known for their role in energy metabolism during fasting, have been shown to directly interact with damaged proteins in the brain, aiding their clearance through autophagy. Researchers discovered that the ketone body 尾-hydroxybutyrate alters the solubility of misfolded proteins, facilitating their removal and reducing pathological aggregation.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ketone-bodies-autophagy-28154/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-2 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107170 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-auditory-neuroscience category-featured category-neuroscience tag-anauralia tag-auditory-imagination tag-auditory-neuroscience tag-auditory-system tag-brain-research tag-neurobiology tag-neuroscience tag-university-of-auckland mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:2"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/anauralia-auditory-imagination-28273/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a head and musical notes." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/auditory-imagination-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/anauralia-auditory-imagination-28273/">Soundless Minds: When the Mind Hears No Inner Voice</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Some people experience anauralia, a silent mind incapable of imagining sounds like voices or music. Scientists and creatives will explore this phenomenon at the "Mind鈥檚 Ear and Inner Voice" conference in April, hosted in Auckland.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/anauralia-auditory-imagination-28273/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-3 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107236 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-autism category-featured category-genetics category-neuroscience tag-asd tag-autism tag-behavior tag-brain-development tag-brain-research tag-developmental-neuroscience tag-genetics tag-institute-for-basic-science tag-lithium tag-neurobiology tag-neurodevelopment tag-neuroscience tag-psychopharmacology mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:3"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/lithium-autism-behavior-28286/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a brain." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/asd-lithium-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/lithium-autism-behavior-28286/">Lithium Restores Brain Function and Behavior in Autism</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Lithium, a drug widely used for bipolar disorder, may also treat autism spectrum disorder (ASD), according to new research. The study found that lithium restored brain function and reduced behavioral symptoms in mice with Dyrk1a gene mutations, a known ASD risk factor.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/lithium-autism-behavior-28286/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-4 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107190 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-genetics category-neuroscience tag-asd tag-autism tag-brain-development tag-brain-research tag-ddx53 tag-developmental-neuroscience tag-genetics tag-hospital-for-sick-children tag-neurobiology tag-neurodevelopment tag-neuroscience mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:4"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/genetics-ddx53-autism-28276/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a brain and DNA." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2024/12/x-chromosome-genetics-asd-neurosicnece.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/genetics-ddx53-autism-28276/">New Genetic Link to Autism Identified on X Chromosome</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Researchers identified variants in the DDX53 gene, located on the X chromosome, as contributors to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These genetic variants, found predominantly in males, provide critical insights into the biological mechanisms behind autism鈥檚 male predominance. The study also uncovered another potential gene, PTCHD1-AS, near DDX53, linked to autism, emphasizing the complexity of ASD鈥檚 genetic architecture.<div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__rounded-1" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/genetics-ddx53-autism-28276/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article></div></div></div></div><div id="block-wrap-79944" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-50 block-css-79944 block-wrap-da da-resp-off block-wrap-no-15 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 block-skin-1 block-skin--light block-is-nest clearfix" data-id="79944" data-base="1"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="zeen-da-wrap"><div class="block-html-content clearfix"><div class="content_hint"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="tipi-col zeen-col zeen-col-1 zeen-col-sz-33 zeen-col--narrow"><div class="builder-sb mob-off block clearfix sidebar-wrap sb-wrap-skin-1 sticky-sb-on sb-with-border"><aside class="block-wrap-no-16 sidebar widget-area bg-area tipi-col site-img-1 sb-skin-1 widgets-title-skin-4 widgets-skin-4"><div class="background"></div><div id="media_video-3" class="sidebar-widget zeen-widget clearfix widget_media_video"><h3 class="widget-title title">Neuroscience Videos</h3><div style="width:100%;" class="wp-video"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');</script><![endif]--><video class="wp-video-shortcode" id="video-12740-1" preload="metadata" controls="controls"><source type="video/youtube" src="https://youtu.be/NhxVuq6UimY?_=1" /><a href="https://youtu.be/NhxVuq6UimY">https://youtu.be/NhxVuq6UimY</a></video></div></div><div id="recent-posts-2" class="sidebar-widget zeen-widget clearfix widget_recent_entries"><h3 class="widget-title title">Latest Neuro News</h3><ul><li> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-28303/">Ketamine Offers Hope for Parkinson鈥檚 Treatment-Linked Dyskinesia</a></li><li> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/multilingualism-autism-cognition-28302/">Multilingualism Boosts Cognitive Skills in Children With Autism</a></li><li> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/gene-expression-brain-evolution-28301/">Gene Expression Drives Evolution of Human Brain Complexity</a></li><li> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/consciousness-time-perception-28299/">How Altered States of Consciousness Change Time Perception</a></li><li> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/gaze-visual-development-28298/">Ancient Brain Reflex Develops Without Sensory Input</a></li></ul></div></aside><!-- .sidebar .widget-area --></div></div></div></div></div><div id="block-wrap-15846" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-83 block-css-15846 block-wrap-grid block-wrap-tiles block-wrap-no-17 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 mob-fs dt-off block-skin-0 block-col-self tipi-box tipi-row tile-design-wrap block-icon-base-1 clearfix" data-id="15846" data-base="0"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="block block-83 tipi-flex "><article class="tipi-m-4 tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base tipi-s-typo loop-0 block__ani-stagger preview-83 preview-grid grid-image-1 grid-spacing img-ani-base img-ani-1 block-to-see block__ani-on block__ani-0 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 tile-design tile-design-4 elements-design-1 post-107310 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neurology category-neuroscience tag-brain-research tag-dyskinesia tag-ketamine tag-l-dopa-induced-dyskinesia tag-motor-control tag-neurobiology tag-neurology tag-neuropharmacology tag-neuroscience tag-parkinsons-disease tag-university-of-arizona mv-content-wrapper"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-28303/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-390-390 size-zeen-390-390 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-390x390.jpg.webp 390w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-100x100.jpg.webp 100w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-293x293.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-585x585.jpg.webp 585w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-96x96.jpg.webp 96w" sizes="(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px"/> <img width="390" height="390" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-390x390.jpg" alt="This shows a brain." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-390x390.jpg 390w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-100x100.jpg 100w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-293x293.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-585x585.jpg 585w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-96x96.jpg 96w" sizes="(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px"/> </picture> </a><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-28303/" class="mask-overlay" aria-label="Ketamine Offers Hope for Parkinson鈥檚 Treatment-Linked Dyskinesia"></a></div><div class="meta"><div class="byline byline-2 byline-cats-design-1"><div class="byline-part cats"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/featured/" class="cat">Featured</a><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neurology/" class="cat">Neurology</a><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neuroscience/" class="cat">Neuroscience</a></div></div><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-28303/">Ketamine Offers Hope for Parkinson鈥檚 Treatment-Linked Dyskinesia</a></h3></div></div></article><article class="tipi-m-4 tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base tipi-s-typo loop-1 block__ani-stagger preview-83 preview-grid grid-image-1 grid-spacing img-ani-base img-ani-1 block-to-see block__ani-on block__ani-0 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 tile-design tile-design-4 elements-design-1 post-107305 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-autism category-featured category-neuroscience tag-asd tag-autism tag-bilingualism tag-brain-development tag-brain-research tag-cognition tag-developmental-neuroscience tag-language tag-multilingualism tag-neurobiology tag-neurodevelopment tag-neuroscience tag-ucla mv-content-wrapper"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/multilingualism-autism-cognition-28302/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-390-390 size-zeen-390-390 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-390x390.jpg.webp 390w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-100x100.jpg.webp 100w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-293x293.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-585x585.jpg.webp 585w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-96x96.jpg.webp 96w" sizes="(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px"/> <img width="390" height="390" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-390x390.jpg" alt="This shows kids and speech bubbles." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-390x390.jpg 390w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-100x100.jpg 100w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-293x293.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-585x585.jpg 585w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-96x96.jpg 96w" sizes="(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px"/> </picture> </a><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/multilingualism-autism-cognition-28302/" class="mask-overlay" aria-label="Multilingualism Boosts Cognitive Skills in Children With Autism"></a></div><div class="meta"><div class="byline byline-2 byline-cats-design-1"><div class="byline-part cats"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/autism/" class="cat">Autism</a><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/featured/" class="cat">Featured</a><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neuroscience/" class="cat">Neuroscience</a></div></div><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/multilingualism-autism-cognition-28302/">Multilingualism Boosts Cognitive Skills in Children With Autism</a></h3></div></div></article><article class="tipi-m-4 tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base tipi-s-typo loop-2 block__ani-stagger preview-83 preview-grid grid-image-1 grid-spacing img-ani-base img-ani-1 block-to-see block__ani-on block__ani-0 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 tile-design tile-design-4 elements-design-1 post-107301 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-genetics category-neuroscience tag-brain-research tag-evolution tag-evolutionary-neuroscience tag-genetics tag-neurobiology tag-neuroscience tag-uc-santa-barbara mv-content-wrapper"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/gene-expression-brain-evolution-28301/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-390-390 size-zeen-390-390 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-390x390.jpg.webp 390w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-100x100.jpg.webp 100w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-293x293.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-585x585.jpg.webp 585w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-96x96.jpg.webp 96w" sizes="(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px"/> <img width="390" height="390" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-390x390.jpg" alt="This shows a brain." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-390x390.jpg 390w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-100x100.jpg 100w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-293x293.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-585x585.jpg 585w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-96x96.jpg 96w" sizes="(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px"/> </picture> </a><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/gene-expression-brain-evolution-28301/" class="mask-overlay" aria-label="Gene Expression Drives Evolution of Human Brain Complexity"></a></div><div class="meta"><div class="byline byline-2 byline-cats-design-1"><div class="byline-part cats"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/featured/" class="cat">Featured</a><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/genetics/" class="cat">Genetics</a><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neuroscience/" class="cat">Neuroscience</a></div></div><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/gene-expression-brain-evolution-28301/">Gene Expression Drives Evolution of Human Brain Complexity</a></h3></div></div></article></div></div></div></div><div id="block-wrap-41295" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-1 block-css-41295 block-wrap-classic block-wrap-no-18 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 dt-off block-skin-0 filter-wrap-1 block-col-self tipi-box tipi-row clearfix" data-id="41295" data-base="0"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="block-title-wrap module-block-title clearfix block-title-wrap-style block-title-1"><div class="block-title-area clearfix"><div class="block-title font-1"><p>Latest</p></div></div><div class="filters tipi-flex font-2"></div></div><div class="block block-1 clearfix preview-review-bot"><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-0 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107296 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neuroscience tag-brain-research tag-cognition tag-consciousness tag-neurobiology tag-neuroscience tag-psychology tag-tees tag-the-conversation tag-time-expansion-experience tag-time-perception mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:0"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/consciousness-time-perception-28299/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-100x100.jpg.webp 100w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-293x293.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-390x390.jpg.webp 390w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-585x585.jpg.webp 585w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-96x96.jpg.webp 96w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px"/> <img width="100" height="100" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-100x100.jpg" alt="This shows a clock and a person." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-100x100.jpg 100w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-293x293.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-390x390.jpg 390w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-585x585.jpg 585w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-96x96.jpg 96w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/consciousness-time-perception-28299/">How Altered States of Consciousness Change Time Perception</a></h3></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-1 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107292 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neuroscience category-visual-neuroscience tag-brain-development tag-brain-research tag-developmental-neuroscience tag-eye-development tag-gaze tag-neurobiology tag-neurodevelopment tag-neuroscience tag-nyu-langone tag-sensory-neuroscience tag-visual-neuroscience mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:1"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/gaze-visual-development-28298/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/eye-development-gaze-neuroscience-100x100.jpg.webp 100w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/eye-development-gaze-neuroscience-293x293.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/eye-development-gaze-neuroscience-390x390.jpg.webp 390w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/eye-development-gaze-neuroscience-585x585.jpg.webp 585w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/eye-development-gaze-neuroscience-900x900.jpg.webp 900w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/eye-development-gaze-neuroscience-96x96.jpg.webp 96w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px"/> <img width="100" height="100" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/eye-development-gaze-neuroscience-100x100.jpg" alt="This shows the developing eye." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/eye-development-gaze-neuroscience-100x100.jpg 100w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/eye-development-gaze-neuroscience-293x293.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/eye-development-gaze-neuroscience-390x390.jpg 390w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/eye-development-gaze-neuroscience-585x585.jpg 585w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/eye-development-gaze-neuroscience-900x900.jpg 900w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/eye-development-gaze-neuroscience-96x96.jpg 96w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/gaze-visual-development-28298/">Ancient Brain Reflex Develops Without Sensory Input</a></h3></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-2 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107288 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neurology category-neuroscience tag-alzheimers-disease tag-brain-research tag-cold-sores tag-herpes-simplex-virus tag-herpesvirus tag-hsv-1 tag-neurobiology tag-neurology tag-neuroscience tag-university-of-pittsburgh mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:2"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/hsv-1-herpesvirus-alzheimers-28297/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-100x100.jpg.webp 100w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-293x293.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-390x390.jpg.webp 390w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-585x585.jpg.webp 585w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-96x96.jpg.webp 96w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px"/> <img width="100" height="100" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-100x100.jpg" alt="This shows a brain and a virus." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-100x100.jpg 100w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-293x293.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-390x390.jpg 390w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-585x585.jpg 585w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/hsv1-alzheimers-neuroscience-96x96.jpg 96w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/hsv-1-herpesvirus-alzheimers-28297/">Link Between Cold Sore Herpes Virus and Alzheimer’s Discovered</a></h3></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo split-1 split-design-1 separation-border separation-border-style loop-3 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-107282 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neuroscience category-psychology tag-brain-research tag-insomnia tag-memory tag-mental-health tag-neurobiology tag-neuroscience tag-psychology tag-ptsd tag-sleep tag-sleep-deprivation tag-university-of-east-anglia mv-content-wrapper" style="--animation-order:3"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ptsd-sleep-deprivation-memory-28296/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-100x100.jpg.webp 100w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-293x293.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-390x390.jpg.webp 390w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-585x585.jpg.webp 585w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-96x96.jpg.webp 96w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px"/> <img width="100" height="100" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-100x100.jpg" alt="This shows a brain." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-100x100.jpg 100w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-293x293.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-390x390.jpg 390w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-585x585.jpg 585w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/sleep-memory-ptsd-neuroscience-96x96.jpg 96w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px"/> </picture> </a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ptsd-sleep-deprivation-memory-28296/">Poor Sleep Linked to Difficulty Controlling Unwanted Thoughts</a></h3></div></div></div></article></div><div class="load-more-wrap load-more-size-2 load-more-wrap-1"><a href="#" data-id="41295" class="block-loader block-more block-more-1 tipi-button custom-button__fill-1 custom-button__size-1 custom-button__rounded-1">Load more</a></div></div></div></div></div><!-- .tipi-row --></div><!-- .post-wrap --></div><!-- .content-area --></div><!-- .site-content --><footer id="colophon" class="site-footer site-footer-4 site-img-1 widget-area-borders-1 footer-fs widget-title-center footer__mob__cols-1 clearfix"><div class="bg-area"><div class="bg-area-inner"><div class="splitter splitter--top"><svg viewBox="0 0 1000 125" preserveAspectRatio="none" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g class="splitter-g" fill="#fff" fill-rule="nonzero"> <path class="shape--fill" d="M0,125 L0,95.2851074 C32.5802485,115.137489 71.2082871,122.611897 115.884116,117.708333 C172.827173,111.458333 223.776224,52.0833333 304.695305,52.0833333 C425.973963,52.0833333 430.569431,89.5833333 547.452547,76.0416667 C664.335664,62.5 716.283716,1.94524317e-15 822.177822,0 C892.773893,0 952.047952,12.8472222 1000,38.5416667 L1000,125 L0,125 Z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="footer-upper-area footer-area clearfix site-skin-3"><div class="tipi-row"><div class="logo logo-footer"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com" data-pin-nopin="true"><span class="logo-img"><img src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/07/NeuroscienceNewsFooter3.jpg" alt="Neuroscience News Footer Logo" loading="lazy" width="80" height="80"></span></a></div><ul class="horizontal-menu font-3 menu-icons tipi-flex-wrap"><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-3 menu-icon-fb"><a href="https://facebook.com/NeuroscienceNews" data-title="Facebook" class="tipi-i-facebook" rel="noopener nofollow" aria-label="Facebook" target="_blank"><span class="menu-icon--text font-3">Facebook</span></a></li><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-3 menu-icon-tw"><a href="https://twitter.com/neurosciencenew" data-title="X" class="tipi-i-x" rel="noopener nofollow" aria-label="X" target="_blank"><span class="menu-icon--text font-3">X</span></a></li><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-3 menu-icon-insta"><a href="https://instagram.com/neurosciencenew" data-title="Instagram" class="tipi-i-instagram" rel="noopener nofollow" aria-label="Instagram" target="_blank"><span class="menu-icon--text font-3">Instagram</span></a></li><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-3 menu-icon-yt"><a href="https://youtube.com/Neuroscience" data-title="YouTube" class="tipi-i-youtube-play" rel="noopener nofollow" aria-label="YouTube" target="_blank"><span class="menu-icon--text font-3">YouTube</span></a></li><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-3 menu-icon-linkedin"><a href="https://linkedin.com/company/neuroscience-news" data-title="Linkedin" class="tipi-i-linkedin" rel="noopener nofollow" aria-label="Linkedin" target="_blank"><span class="menu-icon--text font-3">Linkedin</span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer-widget-area footer-widget-bg-area footer-widgets tipi-xs-12 clearfix footer-widget-area-3 footer-widgets-skin-3 site-img-1"><div class="footer-widget-bg-area-inner tipi-flex tipi-row"><div class="tipi-xs-12 footer-widget-wrap footer-widget-wrap-1 clearfix"><aside class="sidebar widget-area"><div id="text-38" class="footer-widget zeen-widget clearfix widget_text"><div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-news-sitemap/">Neuroscience News Sitemap</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-programs/">Neuroscience Graduate and Undergraduate Programs</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/free-neuroscience-moocs/">Free Neuroscience MOOCs</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/about-neuroscience-news/">About</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/contact-neuroscience-news/">Contact Us</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-news-privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/submit-neuroscience-news/">Submit Neuroscience News</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-newsletters/">Subscribe for Emails</a></p></div></div></aside><!-- .sidebar .widget-area --></div><div class="tipi-xs-12 footer-widget-wrap footer-widget-wrap-2 clearfix"><aside class="sidebar widget-area"><div id="text-53" class="footer-widget zeen-widget clearfix widget_text"><div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neuroscience/">Neuroscience Research</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/psychology/">Psychology News</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/brain-cancer/">Brain Cancer Research</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/alzheimers-disease/">Alzheimer’s Disease</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/parkinsons-disease/">Parkinson’s News</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/autism/">Autism / ASD News</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neurotech/">Neurotechnology News</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/artificial-intelligence/">Artificial Intelligence News</a><br /> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/robotics/">Robotics News</a></p></div></div></aside><!-- .sidebar .widget-area --></div><div class="tipi-xs-12 footer-widget-wrap footer-widget-wrap-3 clearfix footer-widget-wrap-last"><aside class="sidebar widget-area"><div id="search-3" class="footer-widget zeen-widget clearfix widget_search"><h3 class="widget-title title">Search Neuroscience News</h3><form method="get" class="search tipi-flex" action="https://neurosciencenews.com/"> <input type="search" class="search-field font-b" placeholder="Search" value="" name="s" autocomplete="off" aria-label="search form"> <button class="tipi-i-search-thin search-submit" type="submit" value="" aria-label="search"></button></form></div><div id="text-54" class="footer-widget zeen-widget clearfix widget_text"><div class="textwidget"><p>Neuroscience News is an online science magazine offering free to read research articles about neuroscience, neurology, psychology, artificial intelligence, neurotechnology, robotics, deep learning, neurosurgery, mental health and more.</p></div></div></aside><!-- .sidebar .widget-area --></div></div><!-- .footer-widget-area --><div class="background mask"></div></div><!-- .footer-widget-area --><div class="footer-lower-area footer-area clearfix site-skin-3"><div class="tipi-row tipi-flex tipi-xs-flex-full"><div class=""><div class="copyright font-2 copyright-l">Neuroscience News</div></div><div class="tipi-flex-right"><nav id="footer-navigation" class="footer-navigation clearfix font-3"><ul id="menu-neuroscience-magazine-main-menu-1" class="footer-menu horizontal-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-63928"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neuroscience/" title="Neuroscience Research">Neuroscience</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-92045"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/featured/" title="Featured Neuroscience">Featured</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63939"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neuroscience-videos/">Neuroscience Videos</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-93812"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/web-stories/">Neuro Web Stories</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63941"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/open-neuroscience-articles/" title="Open Access Neuroscience Articles">Open Access Neuroscience</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63935"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/electrophysiology/" title="Electrophysiology Research Articles">Electrophysiology</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63936"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/genetics/">Genetics</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-93809"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-programs/">Neuroscience Programs</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-63930"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neurology/" title="Neurology Research Articles">Neurology</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63945"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/alzheimers-disease/">Alzheimer’s Disease</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63953"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/brain-research/">Brain Research</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63933"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/brain-cancer/">Brain Cancer</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63932"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/autism/" title="Autism/ ASD">Autism</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63946"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/epilepsy/">Epilepsy</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63947"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/traumatic-brain-injury/" title="Traumatic Brain Injury Research">Traumatic Brain Injuries</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63948"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/parkinsons-disease/">Parkinson’s Disease</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-65689"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/psychology/" title="Psychology Research Articles">Psychology</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63952"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/schizophrenia/">Schizophrenia</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63950"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/depression/">Depression</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63949"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/bipolar-disorder/">Bipolar Disorder</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63951"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/mental-health/">Mental Health</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-64149"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/artificial-intelligence/" title="Artificial Intelligence Research">AI</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63944"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/neural-networks/" title="Artificial Neural Networks">Neural Networks</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63934"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/deep-learning/">Deep Learning</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63937"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/machine-learning/">Machine Learning</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-66746"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/robotics/" title="Robotics News">Robotics</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-71969"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neurotech/" title="Neurotechnology News">Neurotech</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-71970"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/brain-computer-interface/">Brain Computer Interfaces</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-64081"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/neuroprosthetics/">Neuroprosthetics</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-64086"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/about-neuroscience-news/" title="Learn more about Neuroscience News">About</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-64089"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-newsletters/" title="Neuroscience Newsletters Signup Form">Neuroscience Newsletters</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-93810"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/submit-neuroscience-news/">Submit Neuroscience News</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy dropper standard-drop menu-item-64085"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-news-privacy-policy/" title="Neuroscience News Privacty Policy">Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-64090"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-news-sitemap/">Neuroscience News Sitemap</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-64083"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/contact-neuroscience-news/" title="Contact Us at Neuroscience News">Contact Neuroscience News</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-93811"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/advertise-on-neuroscience-news/">Advertise on Neuroscience News</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav><!-- .footer-navigation --></div></div></div><div class="background mask"></div></div></div></footer><!-- .site-footer --></div><!-- .site-inner --></div><!-- .site --><div id="mob-menu-wrap" class="mob-menu-wrap mobile-navigation-dd tipi-m-0 site-skin-1 site-img-1"><div class="bg-area"> <a href="#" class="mob-tr-close tipi-close-icon"><i class="tipi-i-close" aria-hidden="true"></i></a><div class="content-wrap"><div class="content"><div class="logo logo-mobile-menu"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com" data-pin-nopin="true"><span class="logo-img"><img src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/07/NeuroscienceNewssmalllogo-whitebg.jpg" alt="Neuroscience News Small Logo" loading="lazy" width="32" height="32"></span></a></div><nav class="mobile-navigation mobile-navigation-1"><ul id="menu-mobile" class="menu-mobile vertical-menu font-2"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-63928"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neuroscience/" title="Neuroscience Research">Neuroscience</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-92045"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/featured/" title="Featured Neuroscience">Featured</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63939"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neuroscience-videos/">Neuroscience Videos</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-93812"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/web-stories/">Neuro Web Stories</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63941"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/open-neuroscience-articles/" title="Open Access Neuroscience Articles">Open Access Neuroscience</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63935"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/electrophysiology/" title="Electrophysiology Research Articles">Electrophysiology</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63936"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/genetics/">Genetics</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-93809"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-programs/">Neuroscience Programs</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-63930"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neurology/" title="Neurology Research Articles">Neurology</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63945"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/alzheimers-disease/">Alzheimer’s Disease</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63953"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/brain-research/">Brain Research</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63933"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/brain-cancer/">Brain Cancer</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63932"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/autism/" title="Autism/ ASD">Autism</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63946"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/epilepsy/">Epilepsy</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63947"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/traumatic-brain-injury/" title="Traumatic Brain Injury Research">Traumatic Brain Injuries</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63948"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/parkinsons-disease/">Parkinson’s Disease</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-65689"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/psychology/" title="Psychology Research Articles">Psychology</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63952"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/schizophrenia/">Schizophrenia</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63950"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/depression/">Depression</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63949"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/bipolar-disorder/">Bipolar Disorder</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63951"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/mental-health/">Mental Health</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-64149"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/artificial-intelligence/" title="Artificial Intelligence Research">AI</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-63944"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/neural-networks/" title="Artificial Neural Networks">Neural Networks</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63934"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/deep-learning/">Deep Learning</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-63937"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/machine-learning/">Machine Learning</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-66746"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/robotics/" title="Robotics News">Robotics</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-71969"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-topics/neurotech/" title="Neurotechnology News">Neurotech</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-71970"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/brain-computer-interface/">Brain Computer Interfaces</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper standard-drop menu-item-64081"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/neuroprosthetics/">Neuroprosthetics</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-64086"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/about-neuroscience-news/" title="Learn more about Neuroscience News">About</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-64089"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-newsletters/" title="Neuroscience Newsletters Signup Form">Neuroscience Newsletters</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-93810"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/submit-neuroscience-news/">Submit Neuroscience News</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy dropper standard-drop menu-item-64085"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-news-privacy-policy/" title="Neuroscience News Privacty Policy">Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-64090"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-news-sitemap/">Neuroscience News Sitemap</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-64083"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/contact-neuroscience-news/" title="Contact Us at Neuroscience News">Contact Neuroscience News</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-93811"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/advertise-on-neuroscience-news/">Advertise on Neuroscience News</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav><ul class="menu-icons horizontal-menu"><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-1 menu-icon-fb"><a href="https://facebook.com/NeuroscienceNews" data-title="Facebook" class="tipi-i-facebook tipi-tip tipi-tip-move" rel="noopener nofollow" aria-label="Facebook" target="_blank"></a></li><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-1 menu-icon-tw"><a href="https://twitter.com/neurosciencenew" data-title="X" class="tipi-i-x tipi-tip tipi-tip-move" rel="noopener nofollow" aria-label="X" target="_blank"></a></li><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-1 menu-icon-insta"><a href="https://instagram.com/neurosciencenew" data-title="Instagram" class="tipi-i-instagram tipi-tip tipi-tip-move" rel="noopener nofollow" aria-label="Instagram" target="_blank"></a></li><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-1 menu-icon-yt"><a href="https://youtube.com/Neuroscience" data-title="YouTube" class="tipi-i-youtube-play tipi-tip tipi-tip-move" rel="noopener nofollow" aria-label="YouTube" target="_blank"></a></li><li class="menu-icon menu-icon-style-1 menu-icon-linkedin"><a href="https://linkedin.com/company/neuroscience-news" data-title="Linkedin" class="tipi-i-linkedin tipi-tip tipi-tip-move" rel="noopener nofollow" aria-label="Linkedin" target="_blank"></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="background mask"></div></div></div><div id="slide-in-menu" class="slide-in-menu slide-in-el site-skin-2 site-img-1 tipi-tile tipi-xs-0"> <a href="#" class="tipi-i-close modal-tr-close close zeen-effect tipi-close-icon"></a><div class="bg-area"><div class="content clearfix"><div class="logo logo-slide"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com" data-pin-nopin="true"><span class="logo-img"><img src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2020/06/neurosciencenewsfooter.png" alt="Neuroscience News Logo" loading="lazy" width="80" height="80"></span><span class="logo-subtitle font-3">Neuroscience News</span></a></div><div id="zeen_stylish_posts-3" class="slide-in-widget zeen-widget clearfix zeen_stylish_posts"><div class="zeen-stylish-posts-wrap"><div id="block-wrap-60644" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-55 block-css-60644 block-wrap-slider block-wrap-tiles columns__m--1 elements-design-1 block-skin-0 tipi-box tile-design-wrap tile-design-wrap-1 clearfix" data-id="60644" data-base="0"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="slider slider-art tipi-spin clearfix" data-ppp="1" data-layout="0" data-dir="0" data-s="55" data-effect="0"><article class="slide tipi-xs-12 clearfix with-fi ani-base tipi-s-typo loop-1 preview-55 preview-slider slider-overlay-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 preview-slider-overlay slider-image-1 tile-design tile-design-1 elements-design-1 post-107310 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neurology category-neuroscience tag-brain-research tag-dyskinesia tag-ketamine tag-l-dopa-induced-dyskinesia tag-motor-control tag-neurobiology tag-neurology tag-neuropharmacology tag-neuroscience tag-parkinsons-disease tag-university-of-arizona mv-content-wrapper"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-28303/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a brain." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-28303/" class="mask-overlay" aria-label="Ketamine Offers Hope for Parkinson鈥檚 Treatment-Linked Dyskinesia"></a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/ketamine-parkinsons-dyskinesia-28303/">Ketamine Offers Hope for Parkinson鈥檚 Treatment-Linked Dyskinesia</a></h3></div></div></article><article class="slide tipi-xs-12 clearfix with-fi ani-base tipi-s-typo loop-2 preview-55 preview-slider slider-overlay-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 preview-slider-overlay slider-image-1 tile-design tile-design-1 elements-design-1 post-107305 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-autism category-featured category-neuroscience tag-asd tag-autism tag-bilingualism tag-brain-development tag-brain-research tag-cognition tag-developmental-neuroscience tag-language tag-multilingualism tag-neurobiology tag-neurodevelopment tag-neuroscience tag-ucla mv-content-wrapper"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/multilingualism-autism-cognition-28302/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows kids and speech bubbles." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/multilingualism-asd-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/multilingualism-autism-cognition-28302/" class="mask-overlay" aria-label="Multilingualism Boosts Cognitive Skills in Children With Autism"></a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/multilingualism-autism-cognition-28302/">Multilingualism Boosts Cognitive Skills in Children With Autism</a></h3></div></div></article><article class="slide tipi-xs-12 clearfix with-fi ani-base tipi-s-typo loop-3 preview-55 preview-slider slider-overlay-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 preview-slider-overlay slider-image-1 tile-design tile-design-1 elements-design-1 post-107301 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-genetics category-neuroscience tag-brain-research tag-evolution tag-evolutionary-neuroscience tag-genetics tag-neurobiology tag-neuroscience tag-uc-santa-barbara mv-content-wrapper"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/gene-expression-brain-evolution-28301/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a brain." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/gene-expression-evolution-brain-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/gene-expression-brain-evolution-28301/" class="mask-overlay" aria-label="Gene Expression Drives Evolution of Human Brain Complexity"></a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/gene-expression-brain-evolution-28301/">Gene Expression Drives Evolution of Human Brain Complexity</a></h3></div></div></article><article class="slide tipi-xs-12 clearfix with-fi ani-base tipi-s-typo loop-4 preview-55 preview-slider slider-overlay-1 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 preview-slider-overlay slider-image-1 tile-design tile-design-1 elements-design-1 post-107296 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-neuroscience tag-brain-research tag-cognition tag-consciousness tag-neurobiology tag-neuroscience tag-psychology tag-tees tag-the-conversation tag-time-expansion-experience tag-time-perception mv-content-wrapper"><div class="mask"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/consciousness-time-perception-28299/" class="mask-img"><picture class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> <img width="370" height="247" src="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-370x247.jpg" alt="This shows a clock and a person." decoding="async" srcset="https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w, https://neurosciencenews.com/files/2025/01/consciousness-time-perception-neuroscience.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px"/> </picture> </a><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/consciousness-time-perception-28299/" class="mask-overlay" aria-label="How Altered States of Consciousness Change Time Perception"></a></div><div class="meta"><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/consciousness-time-perception-28299/">How Altered States of Consciousness Change Time Perception</a></h3></div></div></article><span class="slider-arrow slider-arrow-prev slider-arrow-2"><i class="tipi-i-angle-left"></i></span><span class="slider-arrow slider-arrow-next slider-arrow-2"><i class="tipi-i-angle-right"></i></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="background mask"></div></div></div><div id="modal" class="modal-wrap inactive" data-fid=""> <span class="tipi-overlay tipi-overlay-modal"></span><div class="content tipi-vertical-c tipi-row"><div class="content-search search-form-wrap content-block"><form method="get" class="search tipi-flex" action="https://neurosciencenews.com/"> <input type="search" class="search-field font-b" placeholder="Search" value="" name="s" autocomplete="off" aria-label="search form"> <button class="tipi-i-search-thin search-submit" type="submit" value="" aria-label="search"></button></form><div class="search-hints"> <span class="search-hint"> Start typing to see results or hit ESC to close </span><div class="suggestions-wrap font-2"><a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/neuroscience/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-13185 tag-link-position-1" style="font-size: 12px;">Neuroscience</a> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/neurobiology/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-4052 tag-link-position-2" style="font-size: 12px;">neurobiology</a> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/brain-research/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-4067 tag-link-position-3" style="font-size: 12px;">brain research</a> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/psychology/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-13209 tag-link-position-4" style="font-size: 12px;">Psychology</a> <a href="https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/neurology/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-13188 tag-link-position-5" style="font-size: 12px;">Neurology</a></div></div><div class="content-found-wrap"><div class="content-found"></div><div class="button-wrap"><a class="search-all-results button-arrow-r button-arrow tipi-button" href="#"><span class="button-title">See all results</span><i class="tipi-i-arrow-right"></i></a></div></div></div><div class="content-subscribe content-subscribe-style content-subscribe-1 site-skin-1 site-img-1 content-block subscribe-wrap subscribe-button-2" data-t="15" data-type="sub" data-d="1"><div class="tipi-modal-bg bg-area clearfix"><div class="content-subscribe-inner"><div class="subscribe-titles"><h2 class="title">Subscribe</h2><div class="subtitle">Neuroscience News Daily Emails</div></div><div class="subscribe-form"> Go to Appearance > Customize > Subscribe Pop-up to set this up.</div></div><div class="background mask"></div></div></div><div class="content-latl content-block site-img-1 site-skin-1"></div><div class="content-custom content-block"></div></div> <a href="#" class="close tipi-x-wrap tipi-x-outer"><i class="tipi-i-close"></i></a></div> <span id="tipi-overlay" class="tipi-overlay tipi-overlay-base tipi-overlay-dark"><a href="#" class="close tipi-x-wrap"><i class="tipi-i-close"></i></a></span> <span id="light-overlay" class="tipi-overlay tipi-overlay-base tipi-overlay-light"></span> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "WebPage", "name": "Neuroscience News", "description": "Neuroscience News provides research news for neuroscience, neurology, psychology, AI, brain science, mental health, robotics and cognitive sciences.","url": "https://neurosciencenews.com/","sameAs": ["https://facebook.com/NeuroscienceNews","https://twitter.com/neurosciencenew"],"potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": "https://neurosciencenews.com/?s={search_term}", "query-input": "required name=search_term"}}</script><div id="pswp" class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="pswp__bg"></div><div class="pswp__scroll-wrap"><div class="pswp__container tipi-spin"><div class="pswp__item"></div><div class="pswp__item"></div><div class="pswp__item"></div></div><div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"><div class="pswp__top-bar"><div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp-all-c pswp__button--close" title="Close"><svg tabindex="0" aria-hidden="true" width="16" height="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.586 8L.93 2.344 2.344.93 8 6.586 13.656.93l1.414 1.414L9.414 8l5.656 5.656-1.414 1.414L8 9.414 2.344 15.07.93 13.656z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp-all-c pswp__button--share" title="Share"><svg tabindex="0" aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="22" viewBox="0 0 20 22" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16 14c-1.1 0-2.1.5-2.8 1.2l-5.3-3.1c0-.4.1-.7.1-1.1 0-.4-.1-.7-.2-1.1l5.3-3.1c.8.7 1.8 1.2 2.9 1.2 2.2 0 4-1.8 4-4s-1.8-4-4-4-4 1.8-4 4c0 .4.1.7.2 1.1L6.8 8.2C6.1 7.5 5.1 7 4 7c-2.2 0-4 1.8-4 4s1.8 4 4 4c1.1 0 2.1-.5 2.8-1.2l5.3 3.1c0 .4-.1.7-.1 1.1 0 2.2 1.8 4 4 4s4-1.8 4-4-1.8-4-4-4zm0-12c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2zM4 13c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2s.9-2 2-2 2 .9 2 2-.9 2-2 2zm12 7c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2 0-.4.1-.7.3-1 .3-.6 1-1 1.7-1 1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp-all-c pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"><svg tabindex="0" aria-hidden="true" class="pswp-fs-out" width="18" height="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 14V9h2v3h3v2H0zM0 0h5v2H2v3H0V0zm18 0v5h-2V2h-3V0h5zm0 14h-5v-2h3V9h2v5z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg><svg tabindex="0" aria-hidden="true" class="pswp-fs-in" width="18" height="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M5 9v5H3v-3H0V9h5zm0-4H0V3h3V0h2v5zm8 0V0h2v3h3v2h-5zm0 4h5v2h-3v3h-2V9z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp-all-c pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"><svg tabindex="0" aria-hidden="true" class="pswp-zoom-in" width="15" height="15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M14.957 13.543l-1.414 1.414-3.25-3.25 1.414-1.414z"/><path d="M6.5 12a5.5 5.5 0 100-11 5.5 5.5 0 100 11z" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="1.5"/><path fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M4 6h5v1H4z"/><path fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M7.043 4.008l-.085 5-1-.017.085-5z"/></g></svg><svg tabindex="0" aria-hidden="true" class="pswp-zoom-out" width="15" height="15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M14.957 13.543l-3.25-3.25-1.413 1.414 3.25 3.25z"/><path d="M6.5 12a5.5 5.5 0 100-11 5.5 5.5 0 100 11z" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="1.5"/><path fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M4 6h5v1H4z"/></g></svg></button></div><div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"><div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp-all-c pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous"><svg tabindex="0" aria-hidden="true" width="14" height="12" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M5.215 12.03L7 10.5 4 7h10V5H4l3-3.5L5.215.032 0 6z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp-all-c pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next"><svg tabindex="0" aria-hidden="true" width="14" height="12" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.785 12.03L7 10.5 10 7H0V5h10L7 1.5 8.785.032 14 6z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></button><div class="pswp__caption"><div class="pswp__caption__center"></div></div></div></div></div><style id='zeen-mm-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu .mm-color.menu-item-63928.active > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1.mm-ani-0 .menu-main-menu .mm-color.menu-item-63928:hover > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu .current-menu-item.menu-item-63928 > a { background: #1e73be; }.main-navigation .mm-color.menu-item-63928 .sub-menu { background: #1e73be;} .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu .mm-color.menu-item-63930.active > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1.mm-ani-0 .menu-main-menu .mm-color.menu-item-63930:hover > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu .current-menu-item.menu-item-63930 > a { background: #881166; }.main-navigation .mm-color.menu-item-63930 .sub-menu { background: #881166;} .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu .mm-color.menu-item-65689.active > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1.mm-ani-0 .menu-main-menu .mm-color.menu-item-65689:hover > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu .current-menu-item.menu-item-65689 > a { background: #de3600; }.main-navigation .mm-color.menu-item-65689 .sub-menu { background: #de3600;} .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu .mm-color.menu-item-64149.active > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1.mm-ani-0 .menu-main-menu .mm-color.menu-item-64149:hover > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu .current-menu-item.menu-item-64149 > a { background: #595959; }.main-navigation .mm-color.menu-item-64149 .sub-menu { background: #595959;} .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu .mm-color.menu-item-66746.active > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1.mm-ani-0 .menu-main-menu .mm-color.menu-item-66746:hover > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu .current-menu-item.menu-item-66746 > a { background: #6c6b7e; }.main-navigation .mm-color.menu-item-66746 .sub-menu { background: #6c6b7e;} .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu .mm-color.menu-item-71969.active > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1.mm-ani-0 .menu-main-menu .mm-color.menu-item-71969:hover > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu .current-menu-item.menu-item-71969 > a { background: #511931; }.main-navigation .mm-color.menu-item-71969 .sub-menu { background: #511931;} .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu .mm-color.menu-item-64086.active > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1.mm-ani-0 .menu-main-menu .mm-color.menu-item-64086:hover > a, .main-menu-bar-color-1 .menu-main-menu .current-menu-item.menu-item-64086 > a { background: #1e73be; }.main-navigation .mm-color.menu-item-64086 .sub-menu { background: #1e73be;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" id="zeen-functions-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var zeenJS = {"root":"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/wp-json\/codetipi-zeen\/v1\/","nonce":"d7e6d9a088","qry":{"posts_per_page":"12","page":"12740","paged":1},"args":{"siteUrl":"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com","wooStockFormat":false,"sDelay":5000,"galleryAutoplay":false,"subL":false,"lazy":false,"lazyNative":false,"iconSorter":"<i class=\"tipi-i-chevron-down\"><\/i>","iplComs":false,"heroFade":0.07499999999999999722444243843710864894092082977294921875,"iplMob":true,"infUrlChange":true,"fbComs":false,"lightbox":false,"lightboxChoice":1,"archiveUrlChange":false,"stickyHeaderCustomize":false,"toolTipFont":2,"wooAjaxSinglebutton":1,"cookieDuration":90,"slidingBoxStartPoint":0,"browserMode":false,"searchPpp":3,"polyfill":"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/wp-content\/themes\/zeen\/assets\/js\/polyfill.min.js","iplCached":true,"path":"\/","disqus":false,"subCookie":true,"pluginsUrl":"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/wp-content\/plugins","frontpage":true,"ipl":[]},"i18n":{"embedError":"There was a problem with your embed code. Please refer to the documentation for help.","loadMore":"Load More","outOfStock":"Out Of Stock","noMore":"No More Content","share":"Share","pin":"Pin","tweet":"Tweet"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script defer type="text/javascript" id="zeen-functions-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var zeen_14600 = { id: 14600, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 110, is110: 0, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 0, excerpt_length: 0, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 0, fi_off: 0, ppp: 0, args: {"cat":"","posts_per_page":"","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":""} }; var zeen_45478 = { id: 45478, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 48, is110: 1, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 0, excerpt_length: 0, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 0, fi_off: 0, ppp: 0, args: {"cat":"","posts_per_page":"","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":""} }; var zeen_91320 = { id: 91320, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 1, is110: 1, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 0, excerpt_length: 10, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 1, fi_off: 0, ppp: 3, args: {"cat":"3","posts_per_page":"3","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":""} }; var zeen_95348 = { id: 95348, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 50, is110: 1, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 0, excerpt_length: 0, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 0, fi_off: 0, ppp: 0, args: {"cat":"","posts_per_page":"","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":"","post__not_in":[107310,107305,107301]} }; var zeen_50772 = { id: 50772, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 1, is110: 1, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 0, excerpt_length: 10, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 1, fi_off: 0, ppp: 3, args: {"cat":"4","posts_per_page":"3","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":"","post__not_in":[107310,107305,107301]} }; var zeen_75588 = { id: 75588, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 50, is110: 1, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 0, excerpt_length: 0, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 0, fi_off: 0, ppp: 0, args: {"cat":"","posts_per_page":"","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":"","post__not_in":[107310,107305,107301,107288,107212,107208]} }; var zeen_83738 = { id: 83738, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 1, is110: 1, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 0, excerpt_length: 10, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 1, fi_off: 0, ppp: 3, args: {"cat":"4120","posts_per_page":"3","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":"","post__not_in":[107310,107305,107301,107288,107212,107208]} }; var zeen_27521 = { id: 27521, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 50, is110: 1, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 0, excerpt_length: 0, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 0, fi_off: 0, ppp: 0, args: {"cat":"","posts_per_page":"","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":"","post__not_in":[107310,107305,107301,107288,107212,107208,107277,107123,107091]} }; var zeen_92416 = { id: 92416, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 1, is110: 1, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 0, excerpt_length: 10, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 1, fi_off: 0, ppp: 3, args: {"cat":"5894","posts_per_page":"3","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":"","post__not_in":[107310,107305,107301,107288,107212,107208,107277,107123,107091]} }; var zeen_34295 = { id: 34295, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 50, is110: 1, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 0, excerpt_length: 0, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 0, fi_off: 0, ppp: 0, args: {"cat":"","posts_per_page":"","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":"","post__not_in":[107310,107305,107301,107288,107212,107208,107277,107123,107091,107282,107248,107240]} }; var zeen_51448 = { id: 51448, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 1, is110: 1, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 0, excerpt_length: 10, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 1, fi_off: 0, ppp: 5, args: {"cat":"3","posts_per_page":"5","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":{"name":"tipi_trending_5_51448","max":"5","num":31},"post__not_in":[107310,107305,107301,107288,107212,107208,107277,107123,107091,107282,107248,107240]} }; var zeen_79944 = { id: 79944, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 50, is110: 1, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 0, excerpt_length: 0, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 0, fi_off: 0, ppp: 0, args: {"cat":"","posts_per_page":"","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":"","post__not_in":[107310,107305,107301,107288,107212,107208,107277,107123,107091,107282,107248,107240,106678,106637,107170,107236,107190]} }; var zeen_99782 = { id: 99782, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 101, is110: 1, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 0, excerpt_length: 0, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 0, fi_off: 0, ppp: 0, args: {"cat":"","posts_per_page":"","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":"","post__not_in":[107310,107305,107301,107288,107212,107208,107277,107123,107091,107282,107248,107240,106678,106637,107170,107236,107190]} }; var zeen_15846 = { id: 15846, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 83, is110: 0, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 1, excerpt_length: 12, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 0, fi_off: 0, ppp: 3, args: {"cat":"","posts_per_page":"3","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":""} }; var zeen_41295 = { id: 41295, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 1, is110: 0, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 1, excerpt_length: 12, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 1, fi_off: 0, ppp: 4, args: {"cat":"","posts_per_page":"4","author__in":"","tag__in":"","post__in":"","category__not_in":[],"offset":"","post_type":"","tax_query":"","tipi":"","trending":"","post__not_in":[107310,107305,107301]} }; var zeen_60644 = { id: 60644, next: 2, prev: 0, target: 0, mnp: 0, preview: 55, is110: 0, counter: 0, counter_class: "", post_subtitle: "", excerpt_off: 1, excerpt_length: 12, excerpt_full: 0, img_shape: 0, byline_off: 1, fi_off: 0, ppp: 4, args: {"posts_per_page":4,"tag__in":[],"cat":"18","orderby":"date"} }; /* ]]> */ </script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202501.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"66008408\",\"post\":\"12740\",\"tz\":\"-8\",\"srv\":\"neurosciencenews.com\",\"j\":\"1:13.9.1\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "66008408", "12740" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mediaelement-core-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var mejsL10n = {"language":"en","strings":{"mejs.download-file":"Download File","mejs.install-flash":"You are using a browser that does not have Flash player enabled or installed. Please turn on your Flash player plugin or download the latest version from https:\/\/get.adobe.com\/flashplayer\/","mejs.fullscreen":"Fullscreen","mejs.play":"Play","mejs.pause":"Pause","mejs.time-slider":"Time Slider","mejs.time-help-text":"Use Left\/Right Arrow keys to advance one second, Up\/Down arrows to advance ten seconds.","mejs.live-broadcast":"Live Broadcast","mejs.volume-help-text":"Use Up\/Down Arrow keys to increase or decrease volume.","mejs.unmute":"Unmute","mejs.mute":"Mute","mejs.volume-slider":"Volume Slider","mejs.video-player":"Video Player","mejs.audio-player":"Audio Player","mejs.captions-subtitles":"Captions\/Subtitles","mejs.captions-chapters":"Chapters","mejs.none":"None","mejs.afrikaans":"Afrikaans","mejs.albanian":"Albanian","mejs.arabic":"Arabic","mejs.belarusian":"Belarusian","mejs.bulgarian":"Bulgarian","mejs.catalan":"Catalan","mejs.chinese":"Chinese","mejs.chinese-simplified":"Chinese (Simplified)","mejs.chinese-traditional":"Chinese (Traditional)","mejs.croatian":"Croatian","mejs.czech":"Czech","mejs.danish":"Danish","mejs.dutch":"Dutch","mejs.english":"English","mejs.estonian":"Estonian","mejs.filipino":"Filipino","mejs.finnish":"Finnish","mejs.french":"French","mejs.galician":"Galician","mejs.german":"German","mejs.greek":"Greek","mejs.haitian-creole":"Haitian Creole","mejs.hebrew":"Hebrew","mejs.hindi":"Hindi","mejs.hungarian":"Hungarian","mejs.icelandic":"Icelandic","mejs.indonesian":"Indonesian","mejs.irish":"Irish","mejs.italian":"Italian","mejs.japanese":"Japanese","mejs.korean":"Korean","mejs.latvian":"Latvian","mejs.lithuanian":"Lithuanian","mejs.macedonian":"Macedonian","mejs.malay":"Malay","mejs.maltese":"Maltese","mejs.norwegian":"Norwegian","mejs.persian":"Persian","mejs.polish":"Polish","mejs.portuguese":"Portuguese","mejs.romanian":"Romanian","mejs.russian":"Russian","mejs.serbian":"Serbian","mejs.slovak":"Slovak","mejs.slovenian":"Slovenian","mejs.spanish":"Spanish","mejs.swahili":"Swahili","mejs.swedish":"Swedish","mejs.tagalog":"Tagalog","mejs.thai":"Thai","mejs.turkish":"Turkish","mejs.ukrainian":"Ukrainian","mejs.vietnamese":"Vietnamese","mejs.welsh":"Welsh","mejs.yiddish":"Yiddish"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mediaelement-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var _wpmejsSettings = {"pluginPath":"\/wp-includes\/js\/mediaelement\/","classPrefix":"mejs-","stretching":"responsive","audioShortcodeLibrary":"mediaelement","videoShortcodeLibrary":"mediaelement"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script defer src="https://neurosciencenews.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files//siteground-optimizer-assets/siteground-optimizer-combined-js-8808173ac9e02c305bdd62e71929d3b1.js"></script></body></html>