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<span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Genetics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stripeless_tigers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stripeless_tigers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Stripeless tigers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stripeless_tigers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Defects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inbreeding_and_outcrossing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inbreeding_and_outcrossing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Inbreeding and outcrossing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inbreeding_and_outcrossing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">White tiger</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6" title="ببر أبيض – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ببر أبيض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%98" title="সাদা বাঘ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাদা বাঘ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Бял тигър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бял тигър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigre_blanc" title="Tigre blanc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tigre blanc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valge_tiiger" title="Valge tiiger – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valge tiiger" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B7" title="Λευκή τίγρη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λευκή τίγρη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigre_blanco" title="Tigre blanco – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tigre blanco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="ببر سفید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ببر سفید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigre_blanc" title="Tigre blanc – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tigre blanc" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigre_branco" title="Tigre branco – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tigre branco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%B0%ED%98%B8%EB%9E%91%EC%9D%B4" title="흰호랑이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흰호랑이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80" title="Սպիտակ վագր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սպիտակ վագր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98" title="सफ़ेद बाघ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सफ़ेद बाघ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijeli_tigar" title="Bijeli tigar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bijeli tigar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harimau_putih" title="Harimau putih – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Harimau putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F" title="טיגריס לבן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיגריס לבן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF" title="ಬಿಳಿ ಹುಲಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಿಳಿ ಹುಲಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="თეთრი ვეფხვი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თეთრი ვეფხვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feh%C3%A9r_tigris" title="Fehér tigris – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fehér tigris" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5" title="വെള്ളക്കടുവ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെള്ളക്കടുവ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98" title="पांढरा वाघ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पांढरा वाघ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harimau_putih" title="Harimau putih – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Harimau putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC" title="ホワイトタイガー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホワイトタイガー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigre_blanc" title="Tigre blanc – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tigre blanc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82y_tygrys" title="Biały tygrys – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biały tygrys" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigru_alb" title="Tigru alb – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tigru alb" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuraq_tikri" title="Yuraq tikri – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yuraq tikri" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80" title="Белый тигр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Белый тигр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigri_i_bardh%C3%AB" title="Tigri i bardhë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tigri i bardhë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_tiger" title="White tiger – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="White tiger" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijeli_tigar" title="Bijeli tigar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bijeli tigar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewantiikeri" title="Rewantiikeri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rewantiikeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="வெள்ளைப் புலி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெள்ளைப் புலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="เสือโคร่งขาว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสือโคร่งขาว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyaz_kaplan" title="Beyaz kaplan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beyaz kaplan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80" title="Білий тигр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Білий тигр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%95_tr%E1%BA%AFng" title="Hổ trắng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hổ trắng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%99%BD%E8%99%8E" title="孟加拉白虎 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="孟加拉白虎" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q643213#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/White_tiger" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tiger morph</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/White_tiger_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="White tiger (disambiguation)">White tiger (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standing_white_tiger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Standing_white_tiger.jpg/220px-Standing_white_tiger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Standing_white_tiger.jpg/330px-Standing_white_tiger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Standing_white_tiger.jpg/440px-Standing_white_tiger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6026" data-file-height="4017" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Captive_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Captive animal">captive</a> white tiger at the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Zoo" title="Singapore Zoo">Singapore Zoo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>white tiger</b> (or <b>bleached tiger</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Leucism" title="Leucism">leucistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(biology)" title="Polymorphism (biology)">morph</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tiger</a>, typically the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tiger</a>. It is occasionally reported in the Indian wilderness. It has the typical black stripes of a tiger, but its <a href="/wiki/Coat_(animal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat (animal)">coat</a> is otherwise white or near-white, and it has blue eyes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variation">Variation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_tiger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Variation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MadridZoo-Panthera_tigris_tigris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/MadridZoo-Panthera_tigris_tigris.jpg/220px-MadridZoo-Panthera_tigris_tigris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/MadridZoo-Panthera_tigris_tigris.jpg/330px-MadridZoo-Panthera_tigris_tigris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/MadridZoo-Panthera_tigris_tigris.jpg/440px-MadridZoo-Panthera_tigris_tigris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2438" data-file-height="1627" /></a><figcaption>A white tiger at the <a href="/wiki/Zoo_Aquarium_de_Madrid" title="Zoo Aquarium de Madrid">Madrid Zoo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>White tigers have been recorded in India since 16th century CE. The first white tiger was captured in 1915. A white tiger named Mohan was captured by the king of <a href="/wiki/Rewa_(princely_state)" title="Rewa (princely state)">Rewa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martand_Singh" title="Martand Singh">Martand Singh</a>, in 1951 from the forest of <a href="/wiki/Sidhi_district" title="Sidhi district">Sidhi district</a>, which is now part of the <a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Dubri_Tiger_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve">Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve</a>. White tigers found in zoos around the world are the offspring of Mohan.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White Bengal tigers are distinctive due to the color of their fur. The white fur is caused by a lack of the pigment <a href="/wiki/Pheomelanin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pheomelanin">pheomelanin</a>, which is found in Bengal tigers with orange color fur. When compared to orange Bengal tigers, the white Bengal tigers tend to grow faster and become heavier than the orange Bengal tiger.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They also tend to be somewhat bigger at birth, and as fully grown adults.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> White Bengal tigers are fully grown when they are 2–3 years of age. White male tigers reach weights of 200 to 230 kilograms (440 to 510 lb) and can grow up to 3 meters (9.8 ft) in length. As with all tigers, the white Bengal tiger's stripes are like fingerprints, with no two tigers having the same pattern. The stripes of the tiger are a pigmentation of the skin; if an individual were to be shaved, its distinctive coat pattern would still be visible.<sup id="cite_ref-animalcorner.co.uk_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animalcorner.co.uk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For a white Bengal tiger to be born, both parents must carry the unusual gene for white colouring, which happens naturally only about once in 10,000 births.<sup id="cite_ref-animalcorner.co.uk_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animalcorner.co.uk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dark-striped white individuals are well-documented in the Bengal tiger subspecies (<i>Panthera tigris</i>) as well as having been reported historically in several other subspecies.<sup id="cite_ref-animalcorner.co.uk_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animalcorner.co.uk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2025)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> several hundred white tigers are in captivity worldwide, with about one hundred being found in India. Their unique colouring has made them popular in entertainment showcasing exotic animals, and at zoos. Their rarity could be because the recessive allele is the result of a one-time mutation, or because white tigers lack adequate camouflage, reducing their ability to stalk prey or avoid other predators.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_tiger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv/220px-seek%3D1-WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="11" data-mwtitle="WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv/WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv/WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv/WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv/WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv/WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv/WhiteTiger-TobuZoo2012.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A white tiger in a zoo in Japan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg/220px-White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg/330px-White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg/440px-White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Pseudo-<a href="/wiki/Melanism" title="Melanism">melanistic</a> white tiger</figcaption></figure> <p>A white tiger's pale coloration is due to the lack of the red and yellow pheomelanin pigments that normally produce the orange coloration.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This had long been attributed to a mutation in the gene for the <a href="/wiki/Tyrosinase" title="Tyrosinase">tyrosinase</a> (TYR) enzyme. A <a href="/wiki/Knockout_mutation" class="mw-redirect" title="Knockout mutation">knockout mutation</a> in this gene results in <a href="/wiki/Albinism" title="Albinism">albinism</a>, the ability to make neither pheomelanin (red and yellow pigments) nor eumelanin (black and brown pigments), while a less severe mutation in the same gene in other mammals results in selective loss of pheomelanin, the so-called <i>Chinchilla</i> trait. The white <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotype</a> in tigers had been attributed to such a <i>Chinchilla</i> mutation in tyrosinase,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shukar_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shukar-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the past white tigers were sometimes referred to as 'partial albinos'.<sup id="cite_ref-Shukar_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shukar-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <a href="/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing" title="Whole genome sequencing">whole genome sequencing</a> determined that such a TYR mutation is responsible for the <a href="/wiki/White_lion" title="White lion">white lion</a> leucistic variant, a normal TYR gene was found in both white tigers and <a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">snow leopards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yun_Sung_Cho_2013_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yun_Sung_Cho_2013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, in white tigers, a naturally-occurring <a href="/wiki/Point_mutation" title="Point mutation">point mutation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/SLC45A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC45A2">SLC45A2</a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_protein" title="Transport protein">transport protein</a> gene was found to underlie its pigmentation. The resultant single amino acid substitution introduces an <a href="/wiki/Alanine" title="Alanine">alanine</a> residue that protrudes into the transport protein's central passageway, apparently blocking it, and by a mechanism yet to be determined, this prevents pheomelanin expression in the fur.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mutations in the same gene are known to result in 'cream' coloration in horses,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and play a role in the paler skin of humans of European descent.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16847698_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16847698-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a <a href="/wiki/Recessive_trait" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessive trait">recessive trait</a>, meaning that it is seen only in individuals that are <a href="/wiki/Homozygous" class="mw-redirect" title="Homozygous">homozygous</a> for this mutation,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that while the progeny of white tigers will all be white, white tigers can be also bred from colored Bengal tiger pairs in which each possesses a single copy of the unique mutation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yun_Sung_Cho_2013_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yun_Sung_Cho_2013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding" title="Inbreeding">Inbreeding</a> promotes recessive traits and has been used as a strategy to produce white tigers in captivity, but this has also resulted in a range of other genetic defects. </p><p>The stripe color varies due to the influence and interaction of other genes. Another <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetic</a> characteristic makes the stripes of the tiger very pale; white tigers of this type are called <i>snow-white</i> or "pure white". White tigers, <a href="/wiki/Siamese_cats" class="mw-redirect" title="Siamese cats">Siamese cats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_rabbit_breeds#Himalayan" title="List of rabbit breeds">Himalayan rabbits</a> have <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a> in their fur which react to temperature, causing them to grow darker in the cold. In the Bristol Zoo, a white tiger named Mohini was whiter than her relatives, who showed more cream tones. This may have been because she spent less time outdoors in the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-leyhousen_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leyhousen-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Sankhala" title="Kailash Sankhala">Kailash Sankhala</a> observed that white tigers were always whiter in <a href="/wiki/Rewa_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewa State">Rewa State</a>, even when they were born in New Delhi and returned there. "In spite of living in a dusty courtyard, they were always snow white."<sup id="cite_ref-sankhala1977_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sankhala1977-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A weakened <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a> is directly linked to reduced pigmentation in white tigers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stripeless_tigers">Stripeless tigers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_tiger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Stripeless tigers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitetigermirage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Whitetigermirage.jpg/220px-Whitetigermirage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Whitetigermirage.jpg/330px-Whitetigermirage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Whitetigermirage.jpg/440px-Whitetigermirage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A white tiger with almost no stripes at <a href="/wiki/The_Mirage" title="The Mirage">The Mirage</a> in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, the United States of America</figcaption></figure> <p>An additional genetic condition can result in near-complete absence of stripes, making the tiger almost pure white. One such specimen was exhibited at <a href="/wiki/Exeter_Exchange" title="Exeter Exchange">Exeter Change</a> in England in 1820, and described by <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">Georges Cuvier</a> as "A white variety of Tiger is sometimes seen, with the stripes very opaque, and not to be observed except in certain angles of light."<sup id="cite_ref-cuvier_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cuvier-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naturalist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lydekker" title="Richard Lydekker">Richard Lydekker</a> said that, "a white tiger, in which the fur was of a creamy tint, with the usual stripes faintly visible in certain parts, was exhibited at the old menagerie at Exeter Change about the year 1820."<sup id="cite_ref-lydekker1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lydekker1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hamilton Smith said, "A wholly white tiger, with the stripe-pattern visible only under reflected light, like the pattern of a white tabby cat, was exhibited in the Exeter Change Menagerie in 1820" and <a href="/wiki/John_George_Wood" title="John George Wood">John George Wood</a> stated that, "a creamy white, with the ordinary tigerine stripes so faintly marked that they were only visible in certain lights." <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Henry_Landseer" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Henry Landseer">Edwin Henry Landseer</a> also drew this tigress in 1824. </p><p>The modern strain of snow white tigers came from repeated brother–sister matings of Bhim and Sumita at <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Zoo_and_Botanical_Garden" title="Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden">Cincinnati Zoo</a>. The gene involved may have come from a <a href="/wiki/Siberian_tiger" title="Siberian tiger">Siberian tiger</a>, their part-Siberian ancestor Tony. Continued inbreeding appears to have caused a recessive gene to become homozygous and produce the stripeless phenotype. About one fourth of Bhim and Sumita's offspring were stripeless. Their striped white offspring, which have been sold to zoos around the world, may also carry the gene for the stripeless trait. Because Tony's genome is present in many white tiger pedigrees, the gene may also be present in other captive white tigers. As a result, stripeless white tigers have appeared in zoos as far afield as the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberec#Zoo_and_botanical_garden" title="Liberec">Liberec</a>), Spain and Mexico. Stage magicians <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_%26_Roy" title="Siegfried & Roy">Siegfried & Roy</a> were the first to attempt to selectively breed for stripeless tigers; they owned snow-white Bengal tigers taken from <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Zoo_and_Botanical_Garden" title="Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden">Cincinnati Zoo</a> (Tsumura, Mantra, Mirage and Akbar-Kabul) and <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara,_Jalisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalajara, Jalisco">Guadalajara</a>, Mexico (Vishnu and Jahan), as well as a stripeless Siberian tiger called Apollo.<sup id="cite_ref-providing2007_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-providing2007-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, a blue-eyed, stripeless white tiger was born in a wildlife refuge in <a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>, Spain. Its parents are normal orange Bengals. The cub was named "Artico" ("Arctic"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defects">Defects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_tiger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Defects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Outside of India, inbred white tigers have been prone to crossed eyes, a condition known as <a href="/wiki/Strabismus" title="Strabismus">strabismus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-illustrated1986_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-illustrated1986-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to incorrectly routed <a href="/wiki/Visual_system" title="Visual system">visual pathways</a> in the brains of white tigers. When stressed or confused, all white tigers cross their eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strabismus is associated with white tigers of mixed Bengal and Siberian ancestry. The only pure-Bengal white tiger reported to be cross-eyed was Mohini's daughter Rewati. Strabismus is directly linked to the white gene and is not a separate consequence of inbreeding.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_Tiger_Deformed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/White_Tiger_Deformed.jpg/220px-White_Tiger_Deformed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/White_Tiger_Deformed.jpg/330px-White_Tiger_Deformed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/White_Tiger_Deformed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="349" /></a><figcaption>Kenny, a victim of inbreeding rescued by the <a href="/wiki/Turpentine_Creek_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Turpentine Creek Wildlife Refuge">Turpentine Creek Wildlife Refuge</a> in October 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He experienced many health problems over the course of his life and died in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The orange litter-mates of white tigers are not prone to strabismus. Siamese cats and <a href="/wiki/Albino" class="mw-redirect" title="Albino">albinos</a> of every species which have been studied all exhibit the same visual pathway abnormality found in white tigers. Siamese cats are also sometimes cross-eyed, as are some albino <a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">ferrets</a>. The visual pathway abnormality was first documented in white tigers in the brain of a white tiger called Moni after he died, although his eyes were of normal alignment. The abnormality is that there is a disruption in the <a href="/wiki/Optic_chiasm" title="Optic chiasm">optic chiasm</a>. The examination of Moni's brain suggested the disruption is less severe in white tigers than it is in Siamese cats. Because of the visual pathway abnormality, by which some <a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">optic nerves</a> are routed to the wrong side of the brain, white tigers have a problem with spatial orientation, and bump into things until they learn to compensate. Some tigers compensate by crossing their eyes. When the neurons pass from the retina to the brain and reach the optic chiasma, some cross and some do not, so that visual images are projected to the wrong hemisphere of the brain. White tigers cannot see as well as normal tigers and suffer from <a href="/wiki/Photophobia" title="Photophobia">photophobia</a>, like albinos.<sup id="cite_ref-Gorham_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorham-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other genetic problems include shortened tendons of the forelegs, <a href="/wiki/Club_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Club foot">club foot</a>, kidney problems, arched or crooked backbone and twisted neck. Reduced fertility and miscarriages, noted by "tiger man" Kailash Sankhala in pure-Bengal white tigers, were attributed to <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding_depression" title="Inbreeding depression">inbreeding depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sankhala1977_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sankhala1977-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A condition known as "star-gazing" (the head and neck are raised almost straight up, as if the affected animal is gazing at the stars), which is associated with inbreeding in big cats, has also been reported in white tigers.<sup id="cite_ref-Gorham_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorham-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was a 200 kg (450 lb) male cross-eyed white tiger at the <a href="/wiki/Pana%27ewa_Rainforest_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pana'ewa Rainforest Zoo">Pana'ewa Rainforest Zoo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, which was donated to the zoo by <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a> magician Dirk Arthur.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a picture of a white tiger which appears to be cross-eyed on just one side in the book <i>Siegfried and Roy: Mastering the Impossible</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A white tiger, named Scarlett O'Hara, who was Tony's sister, was cross-eyed only on the right side. </p><p>A male tiger named 'Cheytan', a son of Bhim and Sumita who was born at the Cincinnati Zoo, died at the San Antonio Zoo in 1992, from anaesthesia complications during <a href="/wiki/Root_canal_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Root canal therapy">root canal therapy</a>. It appears that white tigers also react strangely to anaesthesia. The best drug for immobilizing a tiger is CI 744, but a few tigers, white ones in particular, undergo a re-sedation effect 24–36 hours later.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is due to their inability to produce normal tyrosinase, a trait they share with albinos, according to zoo <a href="/wiki/Veterinarian" title="Veterinarian">veterinarian</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Taylor_(veterinarian)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Taylor (veterinarian)">David Taylor</a>. He treated a pair of white tigers from the Cincinnati Zoo at Fritz Wurm's safari park in Stukenbrock, Germany, for <a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">salmonella</a> poisoning, which reacted strangely to the anaesthesia.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mohini was checked for <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9diak%E2%80%93Higashi_syndrome" title="Chédiak–Higashi syndrome">Chédiak–Higashi syndrome</a> in 1960, but the results were inconclusive.<sup id="cite_ref-Maruska_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maruska-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BRRG_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRRG-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This condition is similar to albino mutations and causes bluish lightening of the fur color, crossed eyes, and prolonged bleeding after surgery. Also, in the event of an injury, the blood is slow to coagulate. This condition has been observed in domestic cats, but there has never been a case of a white tiger having Chédiak–Higashi syndrome. There has been a single case of a white tiger having central <a href="/wiki/Progressive_retinal_atrophy" title="Progressive retinal atrophy">retinal degeneration</a>, reported from the Milwaukee County Zoo, which could be related to reduced pigmentation in the eye.<sup id="cite_ref-Maruska_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maruska-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MBP_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBP-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The white tiger in question was a male named Mota on loan from the Cincinnati Zoo. </p><p>There is a myth that white tigers have an 80% infant mortality rate. However, the infant mortality rate for white tigers is no higher than it is for normal orange tigers bred in captivity. Cincinnati Zoo director Ed Maruska said: </p> <blockquote><p>"We have not experienced premature death among our white tigers. Forty-two animals born in our collection are still alive. Mohan, a large white tiger, died just short of his 20th birthday, an enviable age for a male of any subspecies, since most males live shorter captive lives. Premature deaths in other collections may be artifacts of captive environmental conditions...in 52 births we had four stillbirths, one of which was an unexplained loss. We lost two additional cubs from viral pneumonia, which is not excessive. Without data from non-inbred tiger lines, it is difficult to determine whether this number is high or low with any degree of accuracy."<sup id="cite_ref-Maruska_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maruska-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Ed Maruska also addressed the issue of deformities: </p><blockquote><p>"Other than a case of hip dysplasia that occurred in a male white tiger, we have not encountered any other body deformities or any physiological or neurological disorders. Some of these reported maladies in mutant tigers in other collections may be a direct result of inbreeding or improper rearing management of tigers generally."<sup id="cite_ref-Maruska_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maruska-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inbreeding_and_outcrossing">Inbreeding and outcrossing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_tiger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Inbreeding and outcrossing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_Tiger_6_(3865790598).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/White_Tiger_6_%283865790598%29.jpg/220px-White_Tiger_6_%283865790598%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/White_Tiger_6_%283865790598%29.jpg/330px-White_Tiger_6_%283865790598%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/White_Tiger_6_%283865790598%29.jpg/440px-White_Tiger_6_%283865790598%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3630" data-file-height="2958" /></a><figcaption>A captive white tiger in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, United Kingdom</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siberian_Tiger,_Yerevan_Zoo_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Siberian_Tiger%2C_Yerevan_Zoo_%282%29.jpg/220px-Siberian_Tiger%2C_Yerevan_Zoo_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Siberian_Tiger%2C_Yerevan_Zoo_%282%29.jpg/330px-Siberian_Tiger%2C_Yerevan_Zoo_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Siberian_Tiger%2C_Yerevan_Zoo_%282%29.jpg/440px-Siberian_Tiger%2C_Yerevan_Zoo_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>A captive white tiger in <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Zoo" title="Yerevan Zoo">Yerevan Zoo</a>, Armenia</figcaption></figure> <p>Because of the extreme rarity of the white tiger allele in the wild,<sup id="cite_ref-sankhala1977_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sankhala1977-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the breeding pool was limited to the small number of white tigers in captivity. According to Kailash Sankhala, the last white tiger ever seen in the wild was shot in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-sankhala1977_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sankhala1977-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iverson_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iverson-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today there is a large number of white tigers in captivity. A white Amur tiger may have been born at Center Hill and has given rise to a strain of white Amur tigers. A man named Robert Baudy realized that his tigers had white genes when a tiger he sold to <a href="/wiki/Marwell_Wildlife" class="mw-redirect" title="Marwell Wildlife">Marwell Zoo</a> in England developed white spots, and bred them accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lowry Park Zoo in Tampa Bay had four of these white Amur tigers, descended from Robert Baudy's stock. </p><p>It has also been possible to expand the white-gene pool by <a href="/wiki/Outcrossing" title="Outcrossing">outcrossing</a> white tigers with unrelated orange tigers and then using the cubs to produce more white tigers. The white tigers Ranjit, Bharat, Priya and Bhim were all outcrossed, in some instances to more than one tiger. Bharat was bred to an unrelated orange tiger named Jack from the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Zoo" title="San Francisco Zoo">San Francisco Zoo</a> and had an orange daughter named Kanchana.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bharat and Priya were also bred with an unrelated orange tiger from <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Knoxville Zoo">Knoxville Zoo</a>, and Ranjit was bred to this tiger's sister, also from Knoxville Zoo. Bhim fathered several litters with an unrelated orange tigress named Kimanthi at the Cincinnati Zoo.<sup id="cite_ref-Iverson_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iverson-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last descendants of <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Zoo" title="Bristol Zoo">Bristol Zoo</a>'s white tigers were a group of orange tigers from outcrosses which were bought by a Pakistani senator and shipped to Pakistan. Rajiv, Pretoria Zoo's white tiger, who was born in the Cincinnati Zoo, was also outcrossed and sired at least two litters of orange cubs at Pretoria Zoo. Outcrossing is not necessarily done with the intent of producing more white cubs by resuming inbreeding further down the line. Outcrossing is a way of bringing fresh blood into the white strain. The New Delhi Zoo loaned out white tigers to some of India's better zoos for outcrossing, and the government had to impose a <a href="/wiki/Whip_(politics)" title="Whip (politics)">whip</a> to force zoos to return either the white tigers or their orange offspring. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteTiger25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/WhiteTiger25.jpg/220px-WhiteTiger25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/WhiteTiger25.jpg/330px-WhiteTiger25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/WhiteTiger25.jpg/440px-WhiteTiger25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="2275" /></a><figcaption>A white Bengal tiger at the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Zoo_and_Botanical_Garden" title="Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden">Cincinnati Zoo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Siegfried & Roy performed at least one outcross.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-1980s they offered to work with the Indian government in the creation of a healthier strain of white tigers. The Indian government reportedly considered the offer;<sup id="cite_ref-rai_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rai-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, India had a <a href="/wiki/Moratorium_(law)" title="Moratorium (law)">moratorium</a> on breeding white tigers after cubs were born at New Delhi Zoo with arched backs and clubbed feet, necessitating <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">euthanasia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rai_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rai-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_%26_Roy" title="Siegfried & Roy">Siegfried & Roy</a> have bred white tigers in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Nashville_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville Zoo">Nashville Zoo</a>. </p><p>To better preserve genetic diversity and avoid genetic defects, the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Zoos_and_Aquariums" title="Association of Zoos and Aquariums">Association of Zoos and Aquariums</a> barred member zoos from intentionally breeding to produce white tigers, <a href="/wiki/White_lion" title="White lion">white lions</a>, or <a href="/wiki/King_cheetah" class="mw-redirect" title="King cheetah">king cheetahs</a> in a white paper adopted by the board of directors in July 2011. The paper explains that selecting for or against any particular allele would result in a loss of genetic diversity. Instead, the alleles should be maintained at their natural frequencies. Inbreeding to produce abnormal appearances can also produce congenital defects that impact health and welfare. Sometimes the traits themselves can cause problems, such as albinism's visual and neural effects. Additionally, animals with an abnormal appearance do not serve as well as ambassadors for their species in the zoos' mission to educate the public.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_tiger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiger#Colour_variations" title="Tiger">Black tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics" title="Cat coat genetics">Cat coat genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_genetics" title="Conservation genetics">Conservation genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_tiger" title="Golden tiger">Golden tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbreeding" title="Inbreeding">Inbreeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbreeding_depression" title="Inbreeding depression">Inbreeding depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukundpur" title="Mukundpur">Mukundpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_panther" title="White panther">White panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Tiger_(mythology)" title="White Tiger (mythology)">White Tiger (mythology)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_tiger&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outlookindia.com/traveller/mp/inspire-me/wildlife/white-tigers-rewa/">"The White Tigers of Rewa"</a>. <i>Outlook Traveller</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tripsavvy&rft.atitle=Hilo+Area+Attractions&rft.date=2017-12-12&rft.au=Fischer%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripsavvy.com%2Fhilo-area-attractions-1532636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+tiger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischbacherHornTapertRoy1992" class="citation book cs1">Fischbacher, Siegfried; Horn, Roy Uwe Ludwig; Tapert, Annette; Roy, Siegfried and (1992). <i>Siegfried and Roy: Mastering the Impossible</i>. W. Morrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0688105513" title="Special:BookSources/0688105513"><bdi>0688105513</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Siegfried+and+Roy%3A+Mastering+the+Impossible&rft.pub=W.+Morrow&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0688105513&rft.aulast=Fischbacher&rft.aufirst=Siegfried&rft.au=Horn%2C+Roy+Uwe+Ludwig&rft.au=Tapert%2C+Annette&rft.au=Roy%2C+Siegfried+and&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+tiger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bush, Mitchell; Phillips, Lindsay G.; & Montali, Richard J. (1987) "Clinical Management of Captive Tigers", p. 186 in Ronald Lewis Tilson, Ulysses S. Seal (eds.) <i>Tigers Of The World, Biopolitics, Management, and Conservation of an Endangered Species</i>, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey, USA, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0815511337" title="Special:BookSources/0815511337">0815511337</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1991" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, David (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vetonwildside00tayl"><i>Vet On The Wild Side</i></a>. 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(1984). "Central retinal degeneration in a white Bengal tiger (<i>Panthera tigris tigris</i>)". <i>Proc. Am. Assoc. Zoo Vet</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Am.+Assoc.+Zoo+Vet.&rft.atitle=Central+retinal+degeneration+in+a+white+Bengal+tiger+%28Panthera+tigris+tigris%29&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Beehler&rft.aufirst=B.A.&rft.au=Moore%2C+C.P.&rft.au=Picket%2C+J.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+tiger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunquist2000" class="citation journal cs1">Sunquist, Fiona (December 2000). 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New York: Dembner Books: Distributed by Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0934878661" title="Special:BookSources/978-0934878661"><bdi>978-0934878661</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+keep+them+alive&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dembner+Books%3A+Distributed+by+Norton&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0934878661&rft.aulast=Tongren&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftokeepthemalivew0000tong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+tiger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischbacherHorn,_Roy_Uwe_LudwigTapert,_Annette1992" class="citation book cs1">Fischbacher, Siegfried; Horn, Roy Uwe Ludwig; Tapert, Annette (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/siegfriedroymast00fisc"><i>Siegfried and Roy: mastering the impossible</i></a>. New York: W. 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"Will they outlast this century?". <i>The Times of India</i>. New Delhi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Will+they+outlast+this+century%3F&rft.date=1987-03-15&rft.aulast=Rai&rft.aufirst=Usha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+tiger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigcatrescue.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/AZAbansBreedingWhiteTigersLions2011from2008.pdf">"Welfare and Conservation Implications of Intentional Breeding for the Expression of Rare Recessive Alleles"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Association of Zoos & Aquariums. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welfare+and+Conservation+Implications+of+Intentional+Breeding+for+the+Expression+of+Rare+Recessive+Alleles&rft.pub=Association+of+Zoos+%26+Aquariums&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigcatrescue.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F12%2FAZAbansBreedingWhiteTigersLions2011from2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+tiger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_tiger&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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