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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Uttal_enligt_hanyu_pinyin_(under_revision)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uttal_enligt_hanyu_pinyin_(under_revision)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Uttal enligt hanyu pinyin (under revision)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uttal_enligt_hanyu_pinyin_(under_revision)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Uttal enligt hanyu pinyin (under revision)</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uttal_enligt_hanyu_pinyin_(under_revision)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Toner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Toner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hanyu_pinyins_historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanyu_pinyins_historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hanyu pinyins historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hanyu_pinyins_historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinyin_på_Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinyin_på_Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pinyin på Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinyin_på_Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romaniseringssystem_för_kinesiska_tecken_i_Kinas_grannländer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romaniseringssystem_för_kinesiska_tecken_i_Kinas_grannländer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Romaniseringssystem för kinesiska tecken i Kinas grannländer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romaniseringssystem_för_kinesiska_tecken_i_Kinas_grannländer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pinyin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 109 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بينيين – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بينيين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پین‌یین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پین‌یین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ফিনিন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফিনিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0n-g%C3%AD_Pheng-im" title="Hàn-gí Pheng-im – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hàn-gí Pheng-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Піньінь – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Піньінь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинин – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пинин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pchin-jin" title="Pchin-jin – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pchin-jin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BD" title="Πινγίν – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πινγίν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjino" title="Pinjino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pinjino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پین‌یین – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پین‌یین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="漢語拼音 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="漢語拼音" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hon-ng%C3%AE_Ph%C3%AEn-y%C3%AEm" title="Hon-ngî Phîn-yîm – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hon-ngî Phîn-yîm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинин – kalmuckiska" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Пинин" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmuckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%96%B4%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C" title="한어병음 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한어병음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Փինյին – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փինյին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="पिनयिन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पिनयिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin-sistemo" title="Pinyin-sistemo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pinyin-sistemo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="פין-יין – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פין-יין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფინინი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფინინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пінин – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пінин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99" title="ພິ່ນອິ່ນ – laotiska" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພິ່ນອິ່ນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C5%86ji%C5%86s" title="Piņjiņs – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Piņjiņs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjin" title="Pinjin – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pinjin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинјин – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пинјин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="പിൻ‌യിൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പിൻ‌യിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="फीनयीन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फीनयीन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="پينيپين – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پينيپين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84_P%C4%ADng-%C4%ADng" title="Háng-ngṳ̄ Pĭng-ĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Háng-ngṳ̄ Pĭng-ĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – lågsaxiska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaxiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="फिनयिन – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फिनयिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="拼音 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="拼音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪਿਨਯਿਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਿਨਯਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پین ین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پین ین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – pikardiska" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пінїнь – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пінїнь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – saterfrisiska" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pchin-jin" title="Pchin-jin – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pchin-jin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjin" title="Pinjin – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pinjin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پین-ین – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پین-ین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинјин – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пинјин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjin" title="Pinjin – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pinjin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பின்யின் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பின்யின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="พินอิน – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พินอิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Піньїнь – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Піньїнь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پینین – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پینین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%89%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%86" title="پىنيىن – uiguriska" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پىنيىن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binghyeam_Vahgun" title="Binghyeam Vahgun – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Binghyeam Vahgun" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADnh_%C3%A2m_H%C3%A1n_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Bính âm Hán ngữ – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bính âm Hán ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="漢語拼音 – litterär kineiska" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="漢語拼音" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="litterär kineiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="汉语拼音 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汉语拼音" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="普通話拼音 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="普通話拼音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="汉语拼音 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="汉语拼音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42222#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Pinyin" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/wiki/Pinyin"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pinyin"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Pinyin" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Pinyin" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&oldid=51324085" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Pinyin&id=51324085&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPinyin"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPinyin"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pinyin"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pinyin&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pinyin" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42222" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><div class="noexcerpt noprint hanvisning_bas hatnote"> <dl><dd><i>För andra betydelser, se <a href="/wiki/Pinyin_(olika_betydelser)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pinyin (olika betydelser)">Pinyin (olika betydelser)</a>.</i></dd></dl></div> <p><b>Pinyin</b> (<a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6renklad_kinesiska" class="mw-redirect" title="Förenklad kinesiska">förenklat</a> och <a href="/wiki/Traditionell_kinesiska" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionell kinesiska">traditionellt</a> 拼音, pinyin <i>pīnyīn</i>), mera fullständigt <b>hanyu pinyin</b> (<a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6renklad_kinesiska" class="mw-redirect" title="Förenklad kinesiska">förenklat</a> 汉语拼音, <a href="/wiki/Traditionell_kinesiska" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionell kinesiska">traditionellt</a> 漢語拼音, pinyin <i>hànyǔ pīnyīn</i>), är det idag dominerande systemet för att återge <a href="/wiki/Standardkinesiska" title="Standardkinesiska">standardkinesiskt</a> uttal av kinesiska skrivtecken. Ordet pinyin översätts enklast med "ljudskrift", och hela namnet med "ljudskrift för det talade kinesiska språket" (hanyu). Det är officiellt påbjudet i <a href="/wiki/Folkrepubliken_Kina" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkrepubliken Kina">Folkrepubliken Kina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> och <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> samt är sedan 1982 en internationell standard.<sup id="cite_ref-iso_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det använder hela det latinska alfabetet som på engelska utom bokstaven V och med tillägg av bokstaven Ü. Ett antal bokstäver och bokstavskombinationer har emellertid avvikande uttal mot vad som är vanligt i västerländska språk. De fyra tonerna i standardkinesiskan markeras med diakritiska tecken på tonbärande vokaler, men dessa tontecken utelämnas ofta. </p><p>Hanyu pinyin används som organiserande princip i moderna ordböcker över kinesiska språket och används idag allmänt vid inskrivning av kinesisk text på datorer och mobiltelefoner. </p><p>Hanyu pinyin är ett av flera system för att återge kinesisk skrift med det latinska alfabetet, så kallad <a href="/wiki/Romanisering_(lingvistik)" title="Romanisering (lingvistik)">romanisering</a>. Åtminstone ett av dessa andra system, <a href="/wiki/Tongyong_pinyin" title="Tongyong pinyin">tongyong pinyin</a>, har ordet pinyin i namnet. När ordet pinyin används i västerländsk text utan bestämningar, avses alltid hanyu pinyin. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uttal_enligt_hanyu_pinyin_(under_revision)"><span id="Uttal_enligt_hanyu_pinyin_.28under_revision.29"></span>Uttal enligt hanyu pinyin (under revision)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Uttal enligt hanyu pinyin (under revision)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Uttal enligt hanyu pinyin (under revision)"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>hànyǔ pīnyīn </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Internationella_fonetiska_alfabetet" title="Internationella fonetiska alfabetet">IPA</a> </th> <th>ungefärligt svenskt uttal </th></tr> <tr> <td>a </td> <td>[ɑ] </td> <td>a </td></tr> <tr> <td>ai </td> <td>[aɪ] </td> <td>aj </td></tr> <tr> <td>an </td> <td>[an] </td> <td>ann </td></tr> <tr> <td>ao </td> <td>[aʊ] </td> <td>aå, som -ow i engelska ordet how </td></tr> <tr> <td>b </td> <td>[p] </td> <td>tonlöst b som i början av ord </td></tr> <tr> <td>c </td> <td>[tsʰ] </td> <td>ts<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ch </td> <td>[tʂʰ] </td> <td>tsj<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>d </td> <td>[t] </td> <td>tonlöst d som i början av ord </td></tr> <tr> <td>e </td> <td>[ɤ] </td> <td>kort ö utan rundade läppar </td></tr> <tr> <td>ei </td> <td>[ei] </td> <td>ej </td></tr> <tr> <td>en </td> <td>[ən] </td> <td>önn utan rundade läppar </td></tr> <tr> <td>eng </td> <td>[ɝŋ] </td> <td>öng </td></tr> <tr> <td>er </td> <td>[ɤɻ] </td> <td>ör, ar med "amerikanskt" frikativt r </td></tr> <tr> <td>f </td> <td>[f] </td> <td>f </td></tr> <tr> <td>g </td> <td>[k] </td> <td>tonlöst g som i början av ord </td></tr> <tr> <td>h </td> <td>[x] </td> <td>tyskt ach-ljud </td></tr> <tr> <td>i </td> <td>[i] </td> <td>i<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ian </td> <td> </td> <td>jen </td></tr> <tr> <td>ie </td> <td>[iɛ] </td> <td>jee </td></tr> <tr> <td>iong </td> <td> </td> <td>jong </td></tr> <tr> <td>iu </td> <td>[iou̯] </td> <td>iå </td></tr> <tr> <td>j </td> <td>[tɕ] </td> <td>ttj<sup>3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>k </td> <td>[kʰ] </td> <td>kh<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>l </td> <td>[l] </td> <td>l </td></tr> <tr> <td>m </td> <td>[m] </td> <td>m </td></tr> <tr> <td>n </td> <td>[n] </td> <td>n </td></tr> <tr> <td>o </td> <td>[u̯],[u] – vid 1:a ton </td> <td>å, o – vid 1:a ton </td></tr> <tr> <td>ong </td> <td>[ʊŋ] </td> <td>ong </td></tr> <tr> <td>ou </td> <td>[u̯u] </td> <td>åo </td></tr> <tr> <td>p </td> <td>[pʰ] </td> <td>ph<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>q </td> <td>[tɕʰ] </td> <td>ttj<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>r </td> <td>[ɻ] </td> <td>rj </td></tr> <tr> <td>s </td> <td>[s] </td> <td>s </td></tr> <tr> <td>sh </td> <td>[ʂ] </td> <td>sj </td></tr> <tr> <td>t </td> <td>[tʰ] </td> <td>th<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>u </td> <td>[u] [y] </td> <td>o, y<sup>4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ua </td> <td> </td> <td>oa </td></tr> <tr> <td>uan </td> <td> </td> <td>oan, yan<sup>4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>uai </td> <td> </td> <td>oaj </td></tr> <tr> <td>ui </td> <td> </td> <td>öej </td></tr> <tr> <td>uo </td> <td>[uo] </td> <td>oå </td></tr> <tr> <td>ü </td> <td>[y] </td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td>üe </td> <td>[yɛ] </td> <td>ye </td></tr> <tr> <td>w </td> <td>[w] </td> <td>o<sup>5</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>x </td> <td>[ɕ] </td> <td>tj </td></tr> <tr> <td>y </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>j </td></tr> <tr> <td>z </td> <td>[ts] </td> <td>ts </td></tr> <tr> <td>zh </td> <td>[tʂ] </td> <td>dsj </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small><sup>1</sup>Kraftigt <a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(fonetik)" title="Aspiration (fonetik)">aspirerat</a>.</small> </p><p><small><sup>2</sup>Uttalas mycket ljust och z-likt efter s, c och z. Uttalas nästan som ö efter sh, r, ch och zh.</small> </p><p><small><sup>3</sup>Nästan som engelskans ch i till exempel <i>church</i>.</small> </p><p><small><sup>4</sup>Uttalas med y efter x, j, q och y</small> </p><p><small><sup>5</sup>Som engelskans w.</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toner">Toner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Toner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Toner"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Standardkinesiska har fyra <a href="/wiki/Tonaccent" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonaccent">tonaccenter</a> – hög ton, stigande ton, fallande-stigande ton och fallande ton – samt ett obetonat läge. De fyra tonerna är representerade i pinyin med följande tecken ovan de tonande vokalerna: ¯, ´, ˇ och `. En punkt sätts ibland framför stavelser som är obetonade. Resultatet av att lägga till dessa tonmarkeringar blir till exempel ā, á, ǎ och à, samt a (eller ·a). </p><p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56313004">.mw-parser-output .audiolink a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Loudspeaker.png")center left no-repeat!important;padding-left:16px!important;padding-right:0!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .audiolink a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Mhplay.png")center left/13px no-repeat!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .audiolink a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Mhplay.png")center left/13px no-repeat!important}}</style><span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Zh-pinyin_tones_with_ma.ogg" class="internal" title="Zh-pinyin tones with ma.ogg">De fyra tonerna uttalade med ”ma”.</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Fil:Zh-pinyin_tones_with_ma.ogg" title="Fil:Zh-pinyin tones with ma.ogg">fil</a>)</small></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hanyu_pinyins_historia">Hanyu pinyins historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Hanyu pinyins historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Hanyu pinyins historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Systemet skapades under 1950-talet vid <a href="/wiki/Pekinguniversitetet" title="Pekinguniversitetet">Pekinguniversitetet</a> och var ursprungligen avsett att ersätta de kinesiska tecknen. De <a href="/wiki/Kommunist" class="mw-redirect" title="Kommunist">kommunistiska</a> ledare som grundat Folkrepubliken Kinas 1949, ansåg att de kinesiska tecknen var för komplicerade för att man snabbt skulle få till stånd allmän läskunnighet bland <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kinas</a> bönder och arbetare. De nya ledarna experimenterade därför med olika metoder för att antingen förenkla de traditionella kinesiska tecknen eller att helt avskaffa dessa. </p><p>1979 ersattes officiellt den tidigare dominerande transkriberingsmetoden <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a> med pinyin<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, som speciellt utformats av <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Youguang" title="Zhou Youguang">Zhou Youguang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC170114_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC170114-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pinyin_på_Taiwan"><span id="Pinyin_p.C3.A5_Taiwan"></span>Pinyin på Taiwan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Pinyin på Taiwan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Pinyin på Taiwan"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Se även <a href="/wiki/Tongyong_pinyin" title="Tongyong pinyin">Tongyong pinyin</a></i>.</dd></dl> <p>2002 beslutade <a href="/wiki/Taiwans_parlament" title="Taiwans parlament">Taiwans parlament</a> i <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> att <a href="/wiki/Tongyong_pinyin" title="Tongyong pinyin">Tongyong pinyin</a> skulle börja användas som öns officiella romaniseringssystem. Tongyong pinyin är en modifierad version av – och avviker klart från – <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu pinyin">Hanyu pinyin</a>, som används i <a href="/wiki/Fastlandskina" title="Fastlandskina">Fastlandskina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Folkrepubliken_Kina" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkrepubliken Kina">Folkrepubliken Kina</a>). Beslutet fattades under en period då det <a href="/wiki/Demokratiska_framstegspartiet" title="Demokratiska framstegspartiet">demokratiska framstegspartiet</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=DPP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DPP [inte skriven än]">DPP</a>) hade majoritet i parlamentet. DPP eftersträvar självständighet för <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> från Fastlandskina. Folkrepubliken Kinas regering anser att Taiwan är en del av det egna landet och kritiserade beslutet i Taipei för att utgöra en form av "av-sinifiering" av Taiwan, det vill säga ett sätt att skilja Taiwan från Kina. Se även <a href="/wiki/Taiwans_politiska_status" title="Taiwans politiska status">Taiwans politiska status</a>. </p><p>Taipeis <a href="/wiki/Stadsfullm%C3%A4ktige" title="Stadsfullmäktige">stadsfullmäktige</a> kontrollerades dock under samma period av <a href="/wiki/Guomindang" class="mw-redirect" title="Guomindang">Guomindang</a>-partiet, vilket är mer positivt inställt till <a href="/wiki/Fastlandskina" title="Fastlandskina">Fastlandskina</a>.<sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">[<span title="Denna uppgift behöver källa (2009-10)"><i>källa behövs</i></span>]</a></sup> Taipeis stadsfullmäktige gick emot parlamentets beslut och införde <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu pinyin">Hanyu pinyin</a> som den officiella <a href="/wiki/Romanisering_(lingvistik)" title="Romanisering (lingvistik)">romaniseringsformen</a> i öns huvudstad Taipei. Detta har lett till en komplicerad situation, då bland annat motorvägsnät och järnvägsnätet i Taipei kontrolleras av det nationella parlamentet och använder Tongyong pinyin i sin skyltning, samtidigt som vanliga stadsgator och stadens tunnelbanesystem står under stadsfullmäktiges kontroll och använder Hanyu pinyin. </p><p>Den 1 januari 2009 ersatte hanyu pinyin officiellt tongyong som transkriberingssystem på Taiwan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romaniseringssystem_för_kinesiska_tecken_i_Kinas_grannländer"><span id="Romaniseringssystem_f.C3.B6r_kinesiska_tecken_i_Kinas_grannl.C3.A4nder"></span>Romaniseringssystem för kinesiska tecken i Kinas grannländer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Romaniseringssystem för kinesiska tecken i Kinas grannländer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Romaniseringssystem för kinesiska tecken i Kinas grannländer"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Kinas sydliga grannland <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> hade de kinesiska tecknen avskaffats av den <a href="/wiki/Franska" title="Franska">franska</a> <a href="/wiki/Kolonialmakt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolonialmakt">kolonialmakten</a> redan under 1800-talet. De kinesiska tecknen hade där helt ersatts av ett romaniseringssystem (ett system för att skriva <a href="/wiki/Kinesiska_tecken" title="Kinesiska tecken">kinesiska tecken</a> med <a href="/wiki/Latinska_bokst%C3%A4ver" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinska bokstäver">latinska bokstäver</a>). Även i <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, vilket efter <a href="/wiki/Andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Andra världskriget">andra världskriget</a> befann sig under amerikansk <a href="/wiki/Ockupation" title="Ockupation">ockupation</a>, fanns tankar på att avskaffa Japans mycket komplexa traditionella skrivsystem bestående av <a href="/wiki/Traditionella_kinesiska_tecken" title="Traditionella kinesiska tecken">traditionella kinesiska tecken</a> i kombination med två inhemska japanska alfabet, med det latinska alfabetet. Det japanska romaniseringssystemet existerar i dag parallellt med de kinesiska tecknen och de två inhemska japanska alfabetena. De japanska romaniseringssystemen kallas för <a href="/wiki/Romaji" title="Romaji">romaji</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepburn-systemet" title="Hepburn-systemet">Hepburn-systemet</a> – Romaniseringssystem för kinesiska tecken i <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a> – Transkriptionssystem för kinesiska</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihon-shiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihon-shiki [inte skriven än]">Nihon-shiki</a> – Romaniseringssystem för kinesiska tecken i Japan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_pinyin" title="Tongyong pinyin">Tongyong pinyin</a> – Romaniseringssystem för kinesiska (mandarin) i <a href="/wiki/Republiken_Kina" class="mw-redirect" title="Republiken Kina">Republiken Kina</a> på <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin">Zhuyin</a> – Transkriptionssystem för kinesiska (mandarin), som används inom undervisningen i Republiken Kina på Taiwan. Zhuyin skrivs med ett specialkonstruerat alfabet med vissa semantiska likheter med de kinesiska tecknen.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iso-1"><a href="#cite_ref-iso_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=13682">ISO 7098:1982,</a> International Organization for Standardization</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wade-Giles-romanization">”Wade-Giles romanization”</a> (på engelska). Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wade-Giles-romanization">https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wade-Giles-romanization</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 november 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Wade-Giles+romanization&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FWade-Giles-romanization&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Pinyin"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC170114-3"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC170114_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38621697">”China's Zhou Youguang, father of Pinyin writing system, dies aged 111”</a> (på engelska). BBC<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38621697">http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38621697</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 14 januari 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=China%27s+Zhou+Youguang%2C+father+of+Pinyin+writing+system%2C+dies+aged+111&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-38621697&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Pinyin"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foolsworkshop.com/ptou/">Pinyin to Unicode Conversion</a> <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Latinska_alfabet" title="Mall:Latinska alfabet"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Latinska_alfabet&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Alfabet baserade på det <a href="/wiki/Latinska_alfabetet" title="Latinska alfabetet">latinska alfabetet</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Alfabet</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Albanska_alfabetet" title="Albanska alfabetet">Albanska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Dansknorska_alfabetet" title="Dansknorska alfabetet">dansknorska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Finska_alfabetet" title="Finska alfabetet">finska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Franska_alfabetet" title="Franska alfabetet">franska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4r%C3%B6iska_alfabetet" title="Färöiska alfabetet">färöiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Gagauziska" title="Gagauziska">gagauziska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%ADalfabetet" title="Guaraníalfabetet">guaraní</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A4ndska_alfabetet" title="Isländska alfabetet">isländska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Italienska_alfabetet" title="Italienska alfabetet">italienska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Katalanska_alfabetet" title="Katalanska alfabetet">katalanska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kroatiska_alfabetet" title="Kroatiska alfabetet">kroatiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kurdiska_alfabeten" title="Kurdiska alfabeten">kurdiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4ndska_alfabetet" title="Nederländska alfabetet">nederländska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Polska_alfabetet" title="Polska alfabetet">polska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Portugisiska_alfabetet" title="Portugisiska alfabetet">portugisiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Rum%C3%A4nska_alfabetet" title="Rumänska alfabetet">rumänska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Spanska_alfabetet" title="Spanska alfabetet">spanska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Svenska_alfabetet" title="Svenska alfabetet">svenska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Turkiska_alfabetet" title="Turkiska alfabetet">turkiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Tyska_alfabetet" title="Tyska alfabetet">tyska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Quốc ngữ">vietnamesiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%C5%81acinka" class="mw-redirect" title="Łacinka">vitryska</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Romanisering_(lingvistik)" title="Romanisering (lingvistik)">Romaniseringar</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/DIN_31635" title="DIN 31635">Arabiska</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/DIN_31635" title="DIN 31635">DIN 31635</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">ISO 233</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Direkt_system_f%C3%B6r_translitterering_av_bulgariska" title="Direkt system för translitterering av bulgariska">bulgariska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Romaji" title="Romaji">japanska</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hepburn-systemet" title="Hepburn-systemet">Hepburn</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">kantonesiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">kinesiska</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Kinesisk_postromanisering" title="Kinesisk postromanisering">postromanisering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tongyong_pinyin" title="Tongyong pinyin">Tongyong pinyin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Reviderad_romanisering_av_koreanska" title="Reviderad romanisering av koreanska">koreanska</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">kyrilliska</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><i>Se även</i> <a href="/wiki/Mall:Latinska_alfabetet" title="Mall:Latinska alfabetet">mall:Latinska alfabetet</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" 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