CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref--excluded vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>File:Nirmal Jiban Ghosh.jpg - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref--excluded vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2b3def6f-939d-41f3-93d6-fb1f1dd77eb1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"File","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":6,"wgPageName":"File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg","wgTitle":"Nirmal Jiban Ghosh.jpg","wgCurRevisionId":0,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":0,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg","wgRelevantArticleId":0,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionCreate":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":0,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":true,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","mediawiki.action.view.filepage":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","filepage":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.metadata","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cfilepage%7Cmediawiki.action.view.filepage%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Filepage.css&action=raw&ctype=text/css"> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg/1200px-Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1440"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg/800px-Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="960"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg/640px-Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="768"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="File:Nirmal Jiban Ghosh.jpg - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-6 ns-subject page-File_Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh_jpg rootpage-File_Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh_jpg skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=File%3ANirmal+Jiban+Ghosh.jpg" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=File%3ANirmal+Jiban+Ghosh.jpg" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=File%3ANirmal+Jiban+Ghosh.jpg" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=File%3ANirmal+Jiban+Ghosh.jpg" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">File:Nirmal Jiban Ghosh.jpg</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang mw-portlet-lang-icon-only" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector-empty" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-portlet-lang-heading-empty" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="mw-portlet-empty-language-selector-body"> Page contents not supported in other languages. </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-image" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg" title="View the file page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>File</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File_talk:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuss improvements to the content page (page does not exist) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-view-foreign" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg"><span>View on Commons</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-view-foreign" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg"><span>View on Commons</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ANirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ANirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-commons-icon" class="mw-indicator"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg" title="This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><ul id="filetoc" role="navigation"><li><a href="#file">File</a></li> <li><a href="#filehistory">File history</a></li> <li><a href="#filelinks">File usage</a></li> <li><a href="#globalusage">Global file usage</a></li> <li><a href="#metadata">Metadata</a></li></ul><div class="fullImageLink" id="file"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg"><img alt="File:Nirmal Jiban Ghosh.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg/500px-Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="600" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg/750px-Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg/1000px-Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2400" /></a><div class="mw-filepage-resolutioninfo">Size of this preview: <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg/500px-Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg" class="mw-thumbnail-link">500 × 600 pixels</a>. <span class="mw-filepage-other-resolutions">Other resolutions: <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg/200px-Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg" class="mw-thumbnail-link">200 × 240 pixels</a> | <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg/400px-Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg" class="mw-thumbnail-link">400 × 480 pixels</a> | <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg/640px-Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg" class="mw-thumbnail-link">640 × 768 pixels</a> | <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg/853px-Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg" class="mw-thumbnail-link">853 × 1,024 pixels</a> | <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg" class="mw-thumbnail-link">2,000 × 2,400 pixels</a>.</span></div></div> <div class="mw-content-ltr fullMedia" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><bdi dir="ltr"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg" class="internal" title="Nirmal Jiban Ghosh.jpg">Original file</a></bdi> <span class="fileInfo">(2,000 × 2,400 pixels, file size: 2.1 MB, MIME type: <span class="mime-type">image/jpeg</span>)</span> </p></div><div class="sharedUploadNotice"> <div class="mw-parser-output"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238441935">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{background-color:#300}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{background-color:#300}}</style><table id="mw-sharedupload" class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikimedia Commons logo"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: center;">This is a file from the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="commons:Main Page">Wikimedia Commons</a>. Information from its <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Nirmal Jiban Ghosh.jpg">description page there</a></b> is shown below.<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;">Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Welcome" class="extiw" title="commons:Commons:Welcome">You can help</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div id="shared-image-desc"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2></div> <div class="hproduct commons-file-information-table"> <table class="fileinfotpl-type-information vevent" dir="ltr"> <tbody><tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_desc" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Description<span class="summary fn" style="display:none">Nirmal Jiban Ghosh.jpg</span></td> <td class="description"> <div class="description en" dir="ltr" lang="en"><span class="language en" title="English"><b>English: </b></span> Nirmal Jiban Ghosh</div> <div class="description bn" dir="ltr" lang="bn"><span class="language bn" title="Bangla"><b>বাংলা: </b></span> নির্মলজীবন ঘোষ</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_date" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Date</td> <td lang="en"> <time class="dtstart" datetime="2016-01-14 12:46:16" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap">14 January 2016, 12:46:16</time></td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_src" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Source</td> <td> ত্রৈলোক্যনাথ চক্রবর্তী, <i>জেলে ত্রিশ বছর পাক ভারতের স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রাম</i>, ধ্রুপদ সাহিত্যাঙ্গন, ঢাকা, ঢাকা বইমেলা ২০০৪, পৃষ্ঠা ২৬২।</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_aut" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Author</td> <td> Unknown author<span style="display: none;">Unknown author</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_perm" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Permission<br><small>(<a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Reusing_content_outside_Wikimedia" title="Commons:Reusing content outside Wikimedia">Reusing this file</a>)</small></td> <td> Subject deceased in 1994. Image is more than 60 years old, and therefore in public domain under Indian and Bangladeshi copyright laws.</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Licensing">Licensing</h2></div> <table class="licensetpl" style="display:none"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="licensetpl_short">Public domain</span><span class="licensetpl_long">Public domain</span><span class="licensetpl_link_req">false</span><span class="licensetpl_attr_req">false</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width: 100%; clear: both; margin: 0.5em auto; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f7f8ff); color: var(--color-base, #202122); border: var(--border-subtle, 2px solid #8888aa); border-spacing: 8px; padding: 0px;" dir="ltr" class="layouttemplate" lang="en"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Public domain"><img alt="Public domain" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/64px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/96px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/128px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196"></span></span> </td> <td><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="description en" style="display:inline;"><i>This work is in the <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Public_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> because its term of copyright has expired.</i> <p>The Indian Copyright Act applies in India to works first published in India. According to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://copyright.gov.in/Documents/CopyrightRules1957.pdf">the Indian Copyright Act, 1957, as amended up to Act No. 27 of 2012</a> (Chapter V, Section 25): </p> <ul><li>Anonymous works, photographs, cinematographic works, sound recordings, government works, and works of corporate authorship or of international organizations enter the public domain 60 years after the date on which they were first published, counted from the beginning of the following calendar year (i.e. as of 2024, works published prior to 1 January 1964 are considered public domain).</li> <li>Posthumous works (other than those above) enter the public domain after 60 years from publication date, counted from the beginning of the following calendar year.</li> <li>Any kind of work other than the above enters the public domain 60 years after the author's death (or in the case of a multi-author work, the death of the last surviving author), counted from the beginning of the following calendar year.</li> <li>Text of laws, judicial opinions, and other government reports are free from copyright.</li></ul> The Indian Copyright Act, 1957 is not retroactive, so any work in which copyright did not subsist when it commenced did not have its copyright restored, and is in the public domain per the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_Act_1911" class="extiw" title="en:Copyright Act 1911">Copyright Act 1911</a>.</div> <hr> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dialog-warning.svg/25px-Dialog-warning.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dialog-warning.svg/38px-Dialog-warning.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dialog-warning.svg/50px-Dialog-warning.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"></span></span><small>You must also include a <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Copyright_tags/Country-specific_tags#United_States_of_America" title="Commons:Copyright tags/Country-specific tags">United States public domain tag</a> to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States.<div class="navigation-not-searchable"> Note that this work might not be in the public domain in countries that do not apply the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rule_of_the_shorter_term" class="extiw" title="w:rule of the shorter term">rule of the shorter term</a> and have copyright terms longer than life of the author plus 60 years. In particular, Mexico is 100 years, Jamaica is 95 years, Colombia is 80 years, Guatemala and Samoa are 75 years, and Switzerland and the United States are 70 years.</div></small> <hr> <p><span style="font-size:x-small;line-height:140%" class="plainlinks noprint"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/ar">العربيَّة</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/bn">বাংলা</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/de">Deutsch</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/en">English</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/fr">français</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/hi">हिन्दी</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/it">italiano</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/ja">日本語</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/kn">ಕನ್ನಡ</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/mk">македонски</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/ml">മലയാളം</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/mr">मराठी</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/nl">Nederlands</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/pt-br">português do Brasil</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/scn">sicilianu</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/ta">தமிழ்</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/tcy">ತುಳು</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/ur">اردو</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-India/zh-hant">繁體中文</a> | <small class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:PD-India/lang&action=edit">+/−</a></small></span> </p> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/80px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/120px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/160px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="licensetpl" style="display:none"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="licensetpl_short">Public domain</span><span class="licensetpl_long">Public domain</span><span class="licensetpl_link_req">false</span><span class="licensetpl_attr_req">false</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width: 100%; clear: both; margin: 0.5em auto; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f7f8ff); color: var(--color-base, #202122); border: var(--border-subtle, 2px solid #8888aa); border-spacing: 8px; padding: 0px;" dir="ltr" class="layouttemplate" lang="en"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Public domain"><img alt="Public domain" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/64px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/96px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/128px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196"></span></span> </td> <td><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="description en" style="display:inline;">This work was first published in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh" class="extiw" title="en:Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and is now in the <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_domain" class="extiw" title="en:public domain">public domain</a></b> because its copyright protection has expired by virtue of the <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/bn/bd/bd016bn.pdf">Copyright Act</a></i>, enacted 2000 (<a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory/Bangladesh" title="Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Bangladesh">details</a>). The work meets one of the following criteria:<br><small> <ul><li>It is an anonymous, pseudonymous or posthumous work and 60 years have passed since the year of its publication</li> <li>It is a photographic or cinematographic work and 60 years have passed since the year of its publication</li> <li>It is a government work or a work of an international organisation and 60 years have passed since the year of its publication</li> <li>It is a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work and 60 years have passed since the year of death of the author (or last-surviving author)</li></ul> </small></div> <hr> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dialog-warning.svg/25px-Dialog-warning.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dialog-warning.svg/38px-Dialog-warning.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dialog-warning.svg/50px-Dialog-warning.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"></span></span><small>You must also include a <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Copyright_tags/Country-specific_tags#United_States_of_America" title="Commons:Copyright tags/Country-specific tags">United States public domain tag</a> to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States.<div class="navigation-not-searchable"> Note that this work might not be in the public domain in countries that do not apply the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rule_of_the_shorter_term" class="extiw" title="w:rule of the shorter term">rule of the shorter term</a> and have copyright terms longer than life of the author plus 60 years. In particular, Mexico is 100 years, Jamaica is 95 years, Colombia is 80 years, Guatemala and Samoa are 75 years, and Switzerland and the United States are 70 years.</div></small><br> <p><span style="font-size:x-small;line-height:140%" class="plainlinks noprint"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-Bangladesh/bn">বাংলা</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-Bangladesh/en">English</a> | <small class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:PD-Bangladesh/lang&action=edit">+/−</a></small></span> </p> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/80px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/120px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/160px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="licensetpl" style="display:none"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="licensetpl_short">Public domain</span><span class="licensetpl_long">Public domain</span><span class="licensetpl_link_req">false</span><span class="licensetpl_attr_req">false</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width: 100%; clear: both; margin: 0.5em auto; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f7f8ff); color: var(--color-base, #202122); border: var(--border-subtle, 2px solid #8888aa); border-spacing: 8px; padding: 0px;" dir="ltr" class="layouttemplate" lang="en"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/70px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/105px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/140px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196"></span></span> </td> <td><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="description en" style="display:inline;"><p><i>This <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" class="extiw" title="en:Pakistan">Pakistani</a> work is now in the <b><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Public_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Public domain">public domain</a></b> because its term of copyright has expired according to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=129351">Copyright Ordinance, 1962 as amended by Copyright (Amendment) Ordinance, 2000</a> (<a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory/Pakistan" title="Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Pakistan">details</a>).</i></p> <p>The work meets one of the following criteria:</p> <ul><li>it is a photograph, a cinematographic work or a sound recording and at least 50 years have passed since the end of the year of its publication (or since the year of creation for photographs from before independence in 1947, as per the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_Act_1911" class="extiw" title="en:Copyright Act 1911">Copyright Act 1911</a>).</li> <li>it is a governmental or anonymous work and at least 50 years have passed since the end of the year of its publication.</li></ul> <p><b>To the uploader: Please provide all relevant authorship and publication details.</b></p></div> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/80px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/120px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/160px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></span><figcaption>Flag of the United States</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r890281695">.mw-parser-output .responsive-license-cc{clear:both;text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;justify-content:space-around;align-items:center;margin:0.5em auto;color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f9f9f9);border-width:2px;border-style:solid;border-top-color:var(--border-color-subtle,#e0e0e0);border-right-color:var(--border-color-subtle,#e0e0e0);border-bottom-color:var(--border-color-subtle,#e0e0e0);border-left-color:var(--border-color-subtle,#e0e0e0);border-spacing:8px;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .responsive-license-cc div{margin:4px}.mw-parser-output .rlicense-text div{margin:0.5em auto}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .responsive-license-cc{flex-flow:column}.mw-parser-output .rlicense-text{order:1}}</style><div class="responsive-license-cc layouttemplate licensetpl" dir="ltr" lang="en"><div class="rlicense-icons"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="w:en:Creative Commons"><img alt="w:en:Creative Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/90px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/135px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/180px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="300"></span></span><br> <span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="attribution"><img alt="attribution" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cc-by_new_white.svg/24px-Cc-by_new_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cc-by_new_white.svg/36px-Cc-by_new_white.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cc-by_new_white.svg/48px-Cc-by_new_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></span></span> <span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="share alike"><img alt="share alike" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Cc-sa_white.svg/24px-Cc-sa_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Cc-sa_white.svg/36px-Cc-sa_white.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Cc-sa_white.svg/48px-Cc-sa_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></span></span></div><div class="rlicense-text"><div class="rlicense-declaration">This file is licensed under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" class="extiw" title="w:en:Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International</a> license.</div><div class="rlicense-desc" style="text-align:start;" lang="en"> <dl><dd>You are free: <ul><li><b>to share</b> – to copy, distribute and transmit the work</li> <li><b>to remix</b> – to adapt the work</li></ul></dd> <dd>Under the following conditions: <ul><li><b>attribution</b> – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.</li> <li><b>share alike</b> – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/compatible-licenses" class="extiw" title="ccorg:share-your-work/licensing-considerations/compatible-licenses">same or compatible license</a> as the original.</li></ul></dd></dl></div><span class="licensetpl_link" style="display:none;">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</span><span class="licensetpl_short" style="display:none;">CC BY-SA 4.0 </span><span class="licensetpl_long" style="display:none;">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 </span><span class="licensetpl_link_req" style="display:none;">true</span><span class="licensetpl_attr_req" style="display:none;">true</span></div></div><h1 class="mw-slot-header"><mediainfoslotheader></mediainfoslotheader></h1><mediainfoview style="display: none"><mediainfoviewcaptions><div class="wbmi-entityview-captionsPanel oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed"><h3 class="wbmi-entityview-captions-header">Captions</h3><div class="wbmi-entityview-caption oo-ui-layout oo-ui-horizontalLayout"><label class="wbmi-language-label oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-labelElement-label oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-labelWidget">English</label><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="wbmi-caption-value wbmi-entityview-emptyCaption">Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents</div></div></div></mediainfoviewcaptions><mediainfoviewstatements><div id="P180" data-property="P180" data-statements="[]" data-formatvalue="[]" class="wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup-P180 oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed"><div class="wbmi-statements-widget"><div class="wbmi-statement-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h3 class="wbmi-statements-title">Items portrayed in this file</h3><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P180" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P180">depicts</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div><div class="wbmi-content-items-group"></div></div></div><div id="P6216" data-property="P6216" data-statements="[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P6216","hash":"5570347fdc76d2a80732f51ea10ee4b144a084e0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":50423863,"id":"Q50423863"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"}},"type":"statement","id":"M47439586$799D4B48-24E9-4E02-BBB8-C4C4E52350C3","rank":"normal"}]" data-formatvalue="{"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"property\",\"numeric-id\":6216,\"id\":\"P6216\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/P6216\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/P6216\">copyright status<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"":"copyright status"}}},"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"item\",\"numeric-id\":50423863,\"id\":\"Q50423863\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"P6216":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/Q50423863\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q50423863\">copyrighted<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"P6216":"copyrighted"}}}}" class="wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup-P6216 oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed"><div class="wbmi-statements-widget"><div class="wbmi-statement-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P6216" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P6216">copyright status</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div><div class="wbmi-content-items-group"><div class="wbmi-item wbmi-item-read"><div data-guid="M47439586$799D4B48-24E9-4E02-BBB8-C4C4E52350C3" class="wbmi-item-container"><div class="wbmi-entity-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q50423863" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q50423863">copyrighted</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="P275" data-property="P275" data-statements="[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P275","hash":"ec6e754c5042e13b53376139e505ebd6708745a4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":18199165,"id":"Q18199165"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"}},"type":"statement","id":"M47439586$45F04065-D77C-487E-BCDC-907934B5091B","rank":"normal"}]" data-formatvalue="{"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"property\",\"numeric-id\":275,\"id\":\"P275\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/P275\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/P275\">copyright license<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"":"copyright license"}}},"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"item\",\"numeric-id\":18199165,\"id\":\"Q18199165\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"P275":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/Q18199165\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q18199165\">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"P275":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"}}}}" class="wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup-P275 oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed"><div class="wbmi-statements-widget"><div class="wbmi-statement-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P275" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P275">copyright license</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div><div class="wbmi-content-items-group"><div class="wbmi-item wbmi-item-read"><div data-guid="M47439586$45F04065-D77C-487E-BCDC-907934B5091B" class="wbmi-item-container"><div class="wbmi-entity-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q18199165" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18199165">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="P571" data-property="P571" data-statements="[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P571","hash":"3224722f0d013c5eb1872c5047a866be136013d0","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2016-01-14T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1985727"},"type":"time"}},"type":"statement","id":"M47439586$B60DC642-6EE0-45F2-BD92-A3AE95104990","rank":"normal"}]" data-formatvalue="{"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"property\",\"numeric-id\":571,\"id\":\"P571\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/P571\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/P571\">inception<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"":"inception"}}},"{\"value\":{\"time\":\"+2016-01-14T00:00:00Z\",\"timezone\":0,\"before\":0,\"after\":0,\"precision\":11,\"calendarmodel\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.wikidata.org\\\/entity\\\/Q1985727\"},\"type\":\"time\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"P571":"14 January 2016"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"P571":"14 January 2016"}}}}" class="wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup-P571 oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed"><div class="wbmi-statements-widget"><div class="wbmi-statement-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P571" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P571">inception</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div><div class="wbmi-content-items-group"><div class="wbmi-item wbmi-item-read"><div data-guid="M47439586$B60DC642-6EE0-45F2-BD92-A3AE95104990" class="wbmi-item-container"><div class="wbmi-entity-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi>14 January 2016</bdi></h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></mediainfoviewstatements></mediainfoview>    </div></div> <h2 id="filehistory">File history</h2> <div id="mw-imagepage-section-filehistory"> <p>Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. </p> <table class="wikitable filehistory"> <tr><th></th><th>Date/Time</th><th>Thumbnail</th><th>Dimensions</th><th>User</th><th>Comment</th></tr> <tr><td>current</td><td class="filehistory-selected" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg">03:11, 10 March 2016</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 03:11, 10 March 2016" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg/100px-Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="100" height="120" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2400" /></a></td><td>2,000 × 2,400 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(2.1 MB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Anup_Sadi" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Anup Sadi"><bdi>Anup Sadi</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr">User created page with UploadWizard</td></tr> </table> </div> <h2 id="filelinks">File usage</h2> <div id='mw-imagepage-section-linkstoimage'> <p>The following page uses this file: </p><ul class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage"> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Nirmal_Jibon_Ghosh" title="Nirmal Jibon Ghosh">Nirmal Jibon Ghosh</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="globalusage">Global file usage</h2> <div id="mw-imagepage-section-globalusage"><p>The following other wikis use this file: </p><ul> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-pa_wikipedia_org'>Usage on pa.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%98%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC">ਨਿਰਮਲ ਜੀਵਨ ਘੋਸ਼</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-ur_wikipedia_org'>Usage on ur.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%AF%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%B4">نرمل جبان گھوش</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-www_wikidata_org'>Usage on www.wikidata.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16345715">Q16345715</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div><h2 id="metadata">Metadata</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-imagepage-section-metadata" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. </p><p> If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.</p><table id="mw_metadata" class="mw_metadata collapsed"> <tbody><tr class="exif-make"><th>Camera manufacturer</th><td><a href="/wiki/Canon_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon (company)">Canon</a></td></tr><tr class="exif-model"><th>Camera model</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_IXUS_155&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canon IXUS 155 (page does not exist)">Canon IXUS 155</a></td></tr><tr class="exif-exposuretime"><th><a href="/wiki/Shutter_speed" title="Shutter speed">Exposure time</a></th><td>1/500 sec (0.002)</td></tr><tr class="exif-fnumber"><th><a href="/wiki/F-number" title="F-number">F-number</a></th><td>f/3</td></tr><tr class="exif-isospeedratings"><th><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">ISO speed</a> rating</th><td>320</td></tr><tr class="exif-datetimeoriginal"><th>Date and time of data generation</th><td>12:46, 14 January 2016</td></tr><tr class="exif-focallength"><th>Lens <a href="/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">focal length</a></th><td>4.3 mm</td></tr><tr class="exif-orientation mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Orientation</th><td>Normal</td></tr><tr class="exif-xresolution mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Horizontal resolution</th><td>180 dpi</td></tr><tr class="exif-yresolution mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Vertical resolution</th><td>180 dpi</td></tr><tr class="exif-software mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Software used</th><td><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop_CS_Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Photoshop CS Windows">Adobe Photoshop CS Windows</a></td></tr><tr class="exif-datetime mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>File change date and time</th><td>09:09, 10 March 2016</td></tr><tr class="exif-ycbcrpositioning mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Y and C positioning</th><td>Co-sited</td></tr><tr class="exif-exifversion mw-metadata-collapsible"><th><a href="/wiki/Exchangeable_image_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchangeable image file format">Exif</a> version</th><td>2.3</td></tr><tr class="exif-datetimedigitized mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Date and time of digitizing</th><td>12:46, 14 January 2016</td></tr><tr class="exif-componentsconfiguration mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Meaning of each component</th><td><ol><li>Y</li> <li>Cb</li> <li>Cr</li> <li>does not exist</li></ol></td></tr><tr class="exif-compressedbitsperpixel mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Image compression mode</th><td>3</td></tr><tr class="exif-shutterspeedvalue mw-metadata-collapsible"><th><a href="/wiki/Shutter_speed" title="Shutter speed">Shutter speed</a></th><td>8.96875</td></tr><tr class="exif-aperturevalue mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>APEX aperture</th><td>3.15625</td></tr><tr class="exif-exposurebiasvalue mw-metadata-collapsible"><th><a href="/wiki/Exposure_compensation" title="Exposure compensation">Exposure bias</a></th><td>0</td></tr><tr class="exif-maxaperturevalue mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Maximum land aperture</th><td>3.15625 APEX (f/2.99)</td></tr><tr class="exif-meteringmode mw-metadata-collapsible"><th><a href="/wiki/Metering_mode" title="Metering mode">Metering mode</a></th><td>Pattern</td></tr><tr class="exif-flash mw-metadata-collapsible"><th><a href="/wiki/Flash_(photography)" title="Flash (photography)">Flash</a></th><td>Flash did not fire, auto mode</td></tr><tr class="exif-flashpixversion mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Supported Flashpix version</th><td>1</td></tr><tr class="exif-colorspace mw-metadata-collapsible"><th><a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">Color space</a></th><td>sRGB</td></tr><tr class="exif-focalplanexresolution mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Focal plane X resolution</th><td>21,201.646090535</td></tr><tr class="exif-focalplaneyresolution mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Focal plane Y resolution</th><td>21,114.754098361</td></tr><tr class="exif-focalplaneresolutionunit mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Focal plane resolution unit</th><td>inches</td></tr><tr class="exif-sensingmethod mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Sensing method</th><td>One-chip color area sensor</td></tr><tr class="exif-filesource mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>File source</th><td>Digital still camera</td></tr><tr class="exif-customrendered mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Custom image processing</th><td>Normal process</td></tr><tr class="exif-exposuremode mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Exposure mode</th><td>Auto exposure</td></tr><tr class="exif-whitebalance mw-metadata-collapsible"><th><a href="/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">White balance</a></th><td>Auto white balance</td></tr><tr class="exif-digitalzoomratio mw-metadata-collapsible"><th><a href="/wiki/Digital_zoom" title="Digital zoom">Digital zoom</a> ratio</th><td>1</td></tr><tr class="exif-scenecapturetype mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Scene capture type</th><td>Standard</td></tr><tr class="exif-gpsversionid mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>GPS tag version</th><td>2.3.0.0</td></tr><tr class="exif-flashpixversion mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Supported Flashpix version</th><td>1</td></tr><tr class="exif-pixelxdimension mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Image width</th><td>2,000 px</td></tr><tr class="exif-pixelydimension mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Image height</th><td>2,400 px</td></tr><tr class="exif-rating mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Rating (out of 5)</th><td>0</td></tr><tr class="exif-datetimemetadata mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Date metadata was last modified</th><td>15:09, 10 March 2016</td></tr><tr class="exif-iimversion mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>IIM version</th><td>2</td></tr></tbody></table> </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nirmal_Jiban_Ghosh.jpg&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b8d669998-795g8","wgBackendResponseTime":220,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.001","walltime":"0.002","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":1,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b8d669998-795g8","timestamp":"20241128053348","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>