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verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/24_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Racemaat&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Racemaat&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Racemaat&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scheiden_van_isomeren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scheiden_van_isomeren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Scheiden van isomeren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scheiden_van_isomeren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kristallisatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kristallisatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kristallisatie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kristallisatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racemisatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racemisatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Racemisatie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racemisatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Racemaat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Beschikbaar in 37 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasemiese_mengsel" title="Rasemiese mengsel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rasemiese mengsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A" title="مزيج راسيمي – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مزيج راسيمي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Рацемична смес – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рацемична смес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mescla_rac%C3%A8mica" title="Mescla racèmica – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mescla racèmica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racemick%C3%A1_sm%C4%9Bs" title="Racemická směs – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Racemická směs" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racemat" title="Racemat – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Racemat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racemic_mixture" title="Racemic mixture – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Racemic mixture" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racema%C4%B5o" title="Racemaĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Racemaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezcla_rac%C3%A9mica" title="Mezcla racémica – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mezcla racémica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratsemaat" title="Ratsemaat – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ratsemaat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahaste_errazemiko" title="Nahaste errazemiko – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nahaste errazemiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="مخلوط راسمیک – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مخلوط راسمیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raseeminen_seos" title="Raseeminen seos – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Raseeminen seos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rac%C3%A9mique" title="Racémique – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Racémique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestura_rac%C3%A9mica" title="Mestura racémica – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mestura racémica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תערובת רצמית – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תערובת רצמית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racemat" title="Racemat – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Racemat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ռացեմատներ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռացեմատներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campuran_rasemat" title="Campuran rasemat – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Campuran rasemat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racemo_(chimica)" title="Racemo (chimica) – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Racemo (chimica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%BB%E3%83%9F%E4%BD%93" title="ラセミ体 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラセミ体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Рацемат – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рацемат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%84%B8%EB%AF%B8_%ED%98%BC%ED%95%A9%EB%AC%BC" title="라세미 혼합물 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라세미 혼합물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campuran_rasem" title="Campuran rasem – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Campuran rasem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mieszanina_racemiczna" title="Mieszanina racemiczna – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mieszanina racemiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistura_rac%C3%A9mica" title="Mistura racémica – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mistura racémica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amestec_racemic" title="Amestec racemic – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amestec racemic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Рацемат – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рацемат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racemska_modifikacija" title="Racemska modifikacija – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Racemska modifikacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racem%C3%A1t" title="Racemát – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Racemát" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racemna_zmes" title="Racemna zmes – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Racemna zmes" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Рацемска модификација – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рацемска модификација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racemat" title="Racemat – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Racemat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halong_racemic" title="Halong racemic – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Halong racemic" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasemik_kar%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1m" title="Rasemik karışım – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rasemik karışım" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%88" title="Рацемічна суміш – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рацемічна суміш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%B6%88%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94" title="外消旋體 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="外消旋體" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q467717#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Op_isomer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Op_isomer.svg/250px-Op_isomer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Op_isomer.svg/375px-Op_isomer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Op_isomer.svg/500px-Op_isomer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Een <b>racemaat</b> (soms <b>racemisch mengsel</b> genoemd) is een mengsel van gelijke delen van <a href="/wiki/Optische_isomerie" title="Optische isomerie">optische isomeren</a> (spiegelbeelden van dezelfde stof). Racematen zijn zelf niet <a href="/wiki/Optisch_actief" class="mw-redirect" title="Optisch actief">optisch actief</a> en worden met DL en/of ± weergegeven. Bijvoorbeeld L(+)-wijnsteenzuur en D(-)-wijnsteenzuur vormt het racemaat DL(±)-wijnsteenzuur. Hoewel deze nomenclatuur nog steeds gebruikt wordt in de biologie (bijvoorbeeld bij <a href="/wiki/Koolhydraat" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolhydraat">suikers</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aminozuur" title="Aminozuur">aminozuren</a>), bestaat er ook een nieuwe nomenclatuur, zijnde de <a href="/wiki/Cahn-Ingold-Prelog_prioriteitsregels" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahn-Ingold-Prelog prioriteitsregels">RS-nomenclatuur</a>. </p><p>Optische isomeren hebben gelijke chemische en fysische eigenschappen maar in reacties met andere optische isomeren zijn de eigenschappen soms totaal verschillend. Vooral in de <a href="/wiki/Biochemie" title="Biochemie">biochemie</a> is dit van groot belang. Vandaar dat het van belang kan zijn om racematen te voorkomen of te scheiden. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racemaat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racemaat&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td><pre> COOH | HO-C-H | H-C-OH | COOH D(-)- wijnsteenzuur</pre> </td> <td><pre> HOOC | H-C-OH | HO-C-H | HOOC L(+)- wijnsteenzuur</pre> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Het eerste racemaat werd gevonden door <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a>. Het was een mengsel van de twee isomeren van (zouten van) <a href="/wiki/Wijnsteenzuur" title="Wijnsteenzuur">wijnsteenzuur</a>. In 1848 bemerkte hij dat kristallen uit wijn <a href="/wiki/Optische_isomerie" title="Optische isomerie">optische isomerie</a> vertoonden, maar synthetisch wijnsteenzuur niet. Hij slaagde erin om kristallen van synthetisch wijnsteenzuur onder een microscoop met behulp van een pincet te verdelen in twee even grote porties optische isomeren. Hij concludeerde dat natuurlijk wijnsteenzuur <a href="/wiki/Chiraliteit_(scheikunde)" title="Chiraliteit (scheikunde)">chiraal</a> is en dat synthetisch wijnsteenzuur een mengsel is van gelijke delen spiegelbeeldige isomeren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scheiden_van_isomeren">Scheiden van isomeren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racemaat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Scheiden van isomeren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racemaat&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Scheiden van isomeren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het scheiden van een racemaat in zijn isomeren noemt men <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolutie_(scheikunde)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resolutie (scheikunde) (de pagina bestaat niet)">resolutie</a>. Men kan een racemisch mengsel bijvoorbeeld scheiden via de volgende methoden: </p> <ul><li>Scheiding als diastereomeer: Door reactie van het mengsel met een <a href="/wiki/Chiraliteit_(scheikunde)" title="Chiraliteit (scheikunde)">chiraal</a> zuiver <a href="/wiki/Reagens" title="Reagens">reagens</a> ontstaan twee <a href="/wiki/Diastereomeer" title="Diastereomeer">diastereomeren</a> met verschillende chemische en fysische eigenschappen. Vergelijk dit met een verzameling linker- en rechter-handschoenen in combinatie met een rechterhand. De diastereomeren zijn door hun verschillende eigenschappen eenvoudiger te scheiden.</li> <li>Kinetische resolutie: Bij een reactie van het mengsel met een chiraal zuiver reagens (zoals hierboven) kan door verschil in reactiesnelheden een van de isomeren wel en de andere niet (of in mindere mate) omgezet worden in het reactieproduct. Eén vrijwel zuivere vorm blijft achter.</li> <li>Kinetische resolutie met behulp van een <a href="/wiki/Katalysator" title="Katalysator">katalysator</a>: Bij een reactie van het mengsel met een reagens met behulp van een chirale katalysator wordt eveneens een van de isomeren omgezet in het reactieproduct.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromatografie" title="Chromatografie">Chromatografische</a> scheiding: Met behulp van een chirale kolom is het mogelijk om een racemisch mengsel chromatografisch te scheiden in zijn isomeren.</li></ul> <p>Veel gebruikte reacties zijn <a href="/wiki/Zuur_(scheikunde)" title="Zuur (scheikunde)">zuur</a>-<a href="/wiki/Base_(scheikunde)" title="Base (scheikunde)">base</a> reacties, die na scheiding eenvoudig teruggedraaid kunnen worden waardoor de oorspronkelijke zuren en basen optisch zuiver verkregen worden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kristallisatie">Kristallisatie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racemaat&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kristallisatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racemaat&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kristallisatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Er zijn drie manieren waarop racemische oplossingen kunnen <a href="/wiki/Kristallisatie" title="Kristallisatie">kristalliseren</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Willem_Bakhuis_Roozeboom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom">H.W.B. Bakhuis Roozeboom</a> heeft in 1899 deze drie manieren beschreven: </p> <ul><li>Conglomeraat (of racemisch mengsel). Een conglomeraat bestaat uit aparte kristallen van zuivere <a href="/wiki/Enantiomeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Enantiomeer">enantiomeren</a>. Deze vorm komt echter maar bij weinig verbindingen voor.</li> <li>Racemische verbinding. De beide enantiomeren ordenen zich paarsgewijs in een verhouding van 1:1 in dezelfde kristallen. De meerderheid van alle verbindingen kristalliseert op deze manier.</li> <li>Pseudoracemaat. De beide enantiomeren kristalliseren willekeuring, deze vorm komt eveneens zelden voor.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Racemisatie">Racemisatie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racemaat&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Racemisatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racemaat&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Racemisatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stereo-isomeren van sommige verbindingen kunnen ook bij kamertemperatuur vanzelf in elkaar overgaan. Dit wordt <i>racemiseren</i> genoemd. <a href="/wiki/Racemisatie" class="mw-redirect" title="Racemisatie">Racemisatie</a> kan optreden door niet-stereospecifieke chemische reacties, maar ook bij verhoogde temperaturen of onder invloed van licht. </p><p>Afhankelijk van het <a href="/wiki/Reactiemechanisme" title="Reactiemechanisme">mechanisme</a> van <a href="/wiki/Chemische_reactie" title="Chemische reactie">chemische reacties</a> kan er wel of geen racemisatie optreden. Bijvoorbeeld bij <a href="/wiki/SN2-reactie" title="SN2-reactie">S<sub>N</sub>2-reacties</a> vindt geen racemisatie plaats maar bij <a href="/wiki/SN1-reactie" title="SN1-reactie">S<sub>N</sub>1-reacties</a> wel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racemaat&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racemaat&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cahn-Ingold-Prelog-prioriteitsregels" title="Cahn-Ingold-Prelog-prioriteitsregels">Cahn-Ingold-Prelog-prioriteitsregels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldeninversie" title="Waldeninversie">Waldeninversie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isomerisatie" title="Isomerisatie">Isomerisatie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optische_isomerie" title="Optische isomerie">Optische isomerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereo-chemie" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereo-chemie">Stereo-chemie</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Racemaat&oldid=60958093">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Racemaat&oldid=60958093</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Organische_chemie" title="Categorie:Organische chemie">Organische chemie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Stereochemie" title="Categorie:Stereochemie">Stereochemie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 27 jan 2022 om 18:32.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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