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bilgi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1m" title="Bu IP adresinden yapılmış değişiklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katkılar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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<a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Demografi alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cinsiyet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinsiyet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Cinsiyet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinsiyet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yaş" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yaş"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Yaş</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yaş-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ülkelerde_amatör_telsizciler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ülkelerde_amatör_telsizciler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ülkelerde amatör telsizciler</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ülkelerde_amatör_telsizciler-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ülkelerde amatör telsizciler alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ülkelerde_amatör_telsizciler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Türkiye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Türkiye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Türkiye</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Türkiye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Çağrı_işareti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çağrı_işareti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Çağrı işareti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çağrı_işareti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amatör telsizci</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 25 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Радиолюбител - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Радиолюбител" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioamat%C3%A9r" title="Radioamatér - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Radioamatér" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioamat%C3%B8r" title="Radioamatør - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Radioamatør" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkamateur" title="Funkamateur - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Funkamateur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_radio_operator" title="Amateur radio operator - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Amateur radio operator" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioamatora_operatoro" title="Radioamatora operatoro - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Radioamatora operatoro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raadioamat%C3%B6%C3%B6r" title="Raadioamatöör - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Raadioamatöör" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioamat%C3%B6%C3%B6ri" title="Radioamatööri - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Radioamatööri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioamateur" title="Radioamateur - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Radioamateur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מפעיל תחנת חובבים - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפעיל תחנת חובבים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1di%C3%B3amat%C5%91r" title="Rádióamatőr - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rádióamatőr" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioamator" title="Radioamator - İnterlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Radioamator" data-language-autonym="İnterlingua" data-language-local-name="İnterlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İnterlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioamatore" title="Radioamatore - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Radioamatore" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9E%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A2%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E5%AE%B6" title="アマチュア無線家 - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アマチュア無線家" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಹ್ಯಾಮ್ - Kannada dili" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹ್ಯಾಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radijo_m%C4%97g%C4%97jas" title="Radijo mėgėjas - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Radijo mėgėjas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сонирхогчийн радио холбооны оператор - Moğolca" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сонирхогчийн радио холбооны оператор" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Moğolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioamateur" title="Radioamateur - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Radioamateur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioamator" title="Radioamator - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Radioamator" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioamador" title="Radioamador - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Radioamador" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioamator" title="Radioamator - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Radioamator" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiuistimadore" title="Radiuistimadore - Sardunya dili" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Radiuistimadore" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardunya dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="นักวิทยุสมัครเล่น - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นักวิทยุสมัครเล่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Оператор аматорської радіостанції - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оператор аматорської радіостанції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9A%E4%BD%99%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E7%88%B1%E5%A5%BD%E8%80%85" title="业余无线电爱好者 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="业余无线电爱好者" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1939892#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="İçerik ile ilgili tartışma (sayfa mevcut değil) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tartışma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil varyantını değiştir" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Türkçe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&action=history" title="Bu sayfanın geçmiş sürümleri [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Araçlar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Araçlar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Araçlar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/16px-Symbol_category.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/24px-Symbol_category.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/32px-Symbol_category.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Amat%C3%B6r_telsizcilik" title="Kategori:Amatör telsizcilik">Kategori</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Amat%C3%B6r_Telsizcilik" class="mw-redirect" title="Amatör Telsizcilik">Amatör Telsizcilik</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 1.0em 1.0em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:International_amateur_radio_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/International_amateur_radio_symbol.svg/80px-International_amateur_radio_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/International_amateur_radio_symbol.svg/120px-International_amateur_radio_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/International_amateur_radio_symbol.svg/160px-International_amateur_radio_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #dbdbdb;text-align:center;">Genel</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.75em;padding-right:0.75em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amat%C3%B6r_radyo_tarihi" class="mw-redirect" title="Amatör radyo tarihi">Tarihi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amatör telsizci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87a%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_(amat%C3%B6r_telsiz)" title="Çağrı (amatör telsiz)">Amatör telsiz çağrısı</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #dbdbdb;text-align:center;">Aktiviteler</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.75em;padding-right:0.75em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radyo_oryantiring" title="Radyo oryantiring">Radyo oryantiring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_afet_acil_durum_haberle%C5%9Fmesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Amatör telsiz afet acil durum haberleşmesi">Amatör telsiz afet acil durum haberleşmesi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contesting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contesting (sayfa mevcut değil)">Contesting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_Day_etkinli%C4%9Fi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Field Day etkinliği (sayfa mevcut değil)">Field Day etkinliği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DX%27cilik" title="DX'cilik">DX'cilik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%BCksek_h%C4%B1zl%C4%B1_telgraf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yüksek hızlı telgraf (sayfa mevcut değil)">Yüksek hızlı telgraf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_homebrew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amatör telsiz homebrew (sayfa mevcut değil)">Homebrewing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ta%C5%9F%C4%B1nabilir_i%C5%9Fletim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taşınabilir işletim (sayfa mevcut değil)">Taşınabilir işletim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DX-seferi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DX-seferi (sayfa mevcut değil)">DX-seferi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOTA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SOTA (sayfa mevcut değil)">SOTA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilki_av%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tilki avı (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tilki avı</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #dbdbdb;text-align:center;">Kültür</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.75em;padding-right:0.75em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Amatör telsiz çevrimi">Amatör telsiz çevrimi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radyo_amat%C3%B6r%C3%BC_%C3%B6d%C3%BClleri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radyo amatörü ödülleri (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ödüller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamfest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamfest (sayfa mevcut değil)">Hamfest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radyo_sporu" title="Radyo sporu">Radyo sporu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_uluslararas%C4%B1_i%C5%9Fletim_anla%C5%9Fmalar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amatör telsiz uluslararası işletim anlaşmaları (sayfa mevcut değil)">Uluslararası işletim anlaşmaları</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=QSL_kart%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QSL kartı (sayfa mevcut değil)">QSL kartı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_kodu" title="Q kodu">Q kodu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vintage_amat%C3%B6r_telsiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vintage amatör telsiz (sayfa mevcut değil)">Vintage amatör telsiz</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #dbdbdb;text-align:center;">Yönetim</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.75em;padding-right:0.75em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Radyo_Amat%C3%B6rleri_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Uluslararası Radyo Amatörleri Birliği">Uluslararası Radyo Amatörleri Birliği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Telekom%C3%BCnikasyon_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Uluslararası Telekomünikasyon Birliği">Uluslararası Telekomünikasyon Birliği</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_frekans_tahsisleri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amatör telsiz frekans tahsisleri (sayfa mevcut değil)">Amatör frekans tahsisleri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_%C3%A7a%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_i%C5%9Fareti" title="Amatör telsiz çağrı işareti">Amatör telsiz çağrı işareti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maritime_mobil(amat%C3%B6r_telsiz)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maritime mobil(amatör telsiz) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Maritime mobil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Ülkelerde_amatör_telsizciler">Amatör telsiz lisansı</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #dbdbdb;text-align:center;">İletişim</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.75em;padding-right:0.75em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33092931"><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Sesli iletişim</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genlik_mod%C3%BClasyonu" title="Genlik modülasyonu">AM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan_bant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan bant (sayfa mevcut değil)">Yan bant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ms%C4%B1z_yan_bant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bağımsız yan bant (sayfa mevcut değil)">ISB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tek_yan_bant" class="mw-redirect" title="Tek yan bant">SSB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyumlu_yan_bant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uyumlu yan bant (sayfa mevcut değil)">AME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frekans_mod%C3%BClasyonu" title="Frekans modülasyonu">FM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faz_mod%C3%BClasyonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faz modülasyonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">PM</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Görsel iletişim</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_televizyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amatör televizyon (sayfa mevcut değil)">ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slow-scan_televizyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slow-scan televizyon (sayfa mevcut değil)">SSTV</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> veri/dijital iletişim</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devaml%C4%B1_dalga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devamlı dalga (sayfa mevcut değil)">CW</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otomatik_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1_kurulumu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otomatik bağlantı kurulumu (sayfa mevcut değil)">ALE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMTOR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AMTOR (sayfa mevcut değil)">AMTOR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D-STAR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D-STAR (sayfa mevcut değil)">D-STAR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DAPNET&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DAPNET (sayfa mevcut değil)">DAPNET</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EchoLink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EchoLink (sayfa mevcut değil)">EchoLink</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FT8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FT8 (sayfa mevcut değil)">FT8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hellschreiber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hellschreiber (sayfa mevcut değil)">Hellschreiber</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortogonal_frekans_b%C3%B6lmeli_%C3%A7o%C4%9Fullama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortogonal frekans bölmeli çoğullama (sayfa mevcut değil)">DMT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87oklu_frekans_kayd%C4%B1rmal%C4%B1_anahtarlama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çoklu frekans kaydırmalı anahtarlama (sayfa mevcut değil)">MFSK</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paket_radyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paket radyo (sayfa mevcut değil)">Paket radyo</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Otomatik_paket_raporlama_sistemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otomatik paket raporlama sistemi (sayfa mevcut değil)">APRS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PACTOR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PACTOR (sayfa mevcut değil)">PACTOR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faz_kayd%C4%B1rmal%C4%B1_anahtarlama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faz kaydırmalı anahtarlama (sayfa mevcut değil)">PSK</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radyoteletype&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radyoteletype (sayfa mevcut değil)">RTTY</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yay%C4%B1l%C4%B1_spektrum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yayılı spektrum (sayfa mevcut değil)">Yayılı spektrum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C4FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C4FM (sayfa mevcut değil)">C4FM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geni%C5%9F_Kapsaml%C4%B1_%C4%B0nternet_Tekrarlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1_Geli%C5%9Ftirme_Sistemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geniş Kapsamlı İnternet Tekrarlayıcı Geliştirme Sistemi (sayfa mevcut değil)">WIRES-X</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #dbdbdb;text-align:center;">Teknolojiler</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.75em;padding-right:0.75em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_istasyonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amatör telsiz istasyonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Amatör telsiz istasyonu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_yaz%C4%B1l%C4%B1mlar%C4%B1_listesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amatör telsiz yazılımları listesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Amatör telsiz yazılımları</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0nternet_Radyosu_Ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1_Projesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İnternet Radyosu Bağlantı Projesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">IRLP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=QRP_i%C5%9Flemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QRP işlemi (sayfa mevcut değil)">QRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaz%C4%B1l%C4%B1m_tan%C4%B1ml%C4%B1_radyo" title="Yazılım tanımlı radyo">SDR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_radyo_uydusu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amatör radyo uydusu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Uydu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telsiz" title="Telsiz">Telsiz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizler_listesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amatör telsizler listesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Amatör telsiz listesi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otomatik_Paket_Raporlama_Sistemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otomatik Paket Raporlama Sistemi (sayfa mevcut değil)">APRS</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #dbdbdb;text-align:center;">İlgili</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.75em;padding-right:0.75em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_r%C3%B6lesi" title="Amatör telsiz rölesi">Amatör telsiz rölesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anten_(elektronik)" title="Anten (elektronik)">Anten (elektronik)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1sa_dalga_radyo" title="Kısa dalga radyo">Kısa dalga radyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCrkiye%27de_amat%C3%B6r_telsizcilik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Türkiye'de amatör telsizcilik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Türkiye'de amatör telsizcilik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koaksiyel_kablo" title="Koaksiyel kablo">Koaksiyel kablo</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz" title="Şablon:Amatör telsiz"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz" title="Şablon tartışma:Amatör telsiz"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:ISS-24_Doug_Wheelock_uses_ham_radio_system_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/ISS-24_Doug_Wheelock_uses_ham_radio_system_1.jpg/191px-ISS-24_Doug_Wheelock_uses_ham_radio_system_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/ISS-24_Doug_Wheelock_uses_ham_radio_system_1.jpg/287px-ISS-24_Doug_Wheelock_uses_ham_radio_system_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/ISS-24_Doug_Wheelock_uses_ham_radio_system_1.jpg/382px-ISS-24_Doug_Wheelock_uses_ham_radio_system_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>NASA astronotu Albay Doug Wheelock, uçuş mühendisi, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Uzay_%C4%B0stasyonu" title="Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu">Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu</a>'nun Zvezda Servis Modülünde NA1SS <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_radyo_istasyonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amatör radyo istasyonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">amatör radyo istasyonu</a>'nu işletiyor. Ekipman bir Kenwood TM-D700E <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al%C4%B1c%C4%B1-verici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alıcı-verici (sayfa mevcut değil)">alıcı-verici</a>'dir.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Amatör telsizci</b>, <b>radyo amatörü</b> veya <b>amatör telsiz operatörü,</b> <a href="/wiki/Amat%C3%B6r_telsizcilik" title="Amatör telsizcilik">amatör telsizcilikte</a> kendisine ait <a href="/wiki/%C3%87a%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_i%C5%9Fareti" title="Çağrı işareti">çağrı işareti</a> olup yurt içi ve yurt dışıyla, kendilerine ayrılan frekans bantlarını kullanarak, izin verilen modülasyon tiplerinden herhangi birini kullanıp haberleşen ve bunu da <a href="/wiki/Hobi" title="Hobi">hobi</a> olarak yapıp bundan hiçbir menfaat sağlamayan kişilerdir.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> İngilizce konuşulan ülkelerde radyo amatörlerine, "ham radio Operator" veya "amateur radio operator" şeklinde ifade kullanılır. Buradaki 'ham' ifadesi 20. yüzyılın başlarında <a href="/wiki/Telgraf" title="Telgraf">telgraf</a>'lar tarafından işini ciddiye almayan telgrafçılara "beceriden yoksun" anlamına gelece şekilde aşağılamak için kullanılmış bir ifadededir. Kelime daha sonraları amatör telsizciler tarafından benimsenmiştir.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Kaynak_g%C3%B6sterme" title="Vikipedi:Kaynak gösterme"><span title="">kaynak belirtilmeli</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>2000 yılı itibarıyla dünya genelinde yaklaşık 3 milyona yakın amatör telsizci bulunmaktadır. Amatör telsizciler kendi çağrı işaretleriyle <a href="/wiki/Q_kodlar%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Q kodları">q kodları</a>'nı ve bazı ortak jargonları kullanarak birbirleriyle <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/two-way_communication" class="extiw" title="en:two-way communication">iletişim</a> kurarlar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Demografi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px grey; font-size:85%; margin-left:1em;" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ülke adı </th> <th>Amatör telsizci <p>sayısı </p> </th> <th>% Nüfusa <p>oranı </p> </th> <th>Kaynak <p>yılı </p> </th> <th>Kaynak </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="ABD"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a></span> </td> <td align="center">757,610 </td> <td align="center">0.227 </td> <td align="center">2023 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-ARRL_FCC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARRL_FCC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Japonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya">Japonya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">381,899 </td> <td align="center">0.304 </td> <td align="center">2021 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Tayland"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tayland" title="Tayland">Tayland</a></span> </td> <td align="center">101,763 </td> <td align="center">0.147 </td> <td align="center">2018 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-iaru_table_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaru_table-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Çin"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çin</a></span> </td> <td align="center">150,000 </td> <td align="center">0.010 </td> <td align="center">2019 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Almanya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya">Almanya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">63,070 </td> <td align="center">0.073 </td> <td align="center">2019 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Kanada"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></span> </td> <td align="center">70,198 </td> <td align="center">0.187 </td> <td align="center">2018 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Hamdata_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamdata-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İspanya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0spanya" title="İspanya">İspanya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">58,700 </td> <td align="center">0.127 </td> <td align="center">1999 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-iaru_table_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaru_table-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Birleşik Krallık"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k" title="Birleşik Krallık">Birleşik Krallık</a></span> </td> <td align="center">75,660 </td> <td align="center">0.114 </td> <td align="center">2018 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Güney Kore"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore" title="Güney Kore">Güney Kore</a></span> </td> <td align="center">42,632 </td> <td align="center">0.082 </td> <td align="center">2012 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-KARL_Report_to_IARU_Region_3_2012_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KARL_Report_to_IARU_Region_3_2012-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Rusya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">38,000 </td> <td align="center">0.026 </td> <td align="center">1993 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-iaru_table_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaru_table-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Brezilya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brezilya" title="Brezilya">Brezilya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">32,053 </td> <td align="center">0.016 </td> <td align="center">1997 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-iaru_table_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaru_table-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Türkiye"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye">Türkiye</a></span> </td> <td align="center">32,000 </td> <td align="center">0.037 </td> <td align="center">2023 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İtalya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0talya" title="İtalya">İtalya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">30,000 </td> <td align="center">0.049 </td> <td align="center">1993 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-iaru_table_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaru_table-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Endonezya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Endonezya" title="Endonezya">Endonezya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">27,815 </td> <td align="center">0.011 </td> <td align="center">1997 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-iaru_table_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaru_table-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Fransa"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a></span> </td> <td align="center">13,500 </td> <td align="center">0.019 </td> <td align="center">2022 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Ukrayna"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukrayna" title="Ukrayna">Ukrayna</a></span> </td> <td align="center">17,265 </td> <td align="center">0.037 </td> <td align="center">2000 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-iaru_table_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaru_table-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Arjantin"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Arjantin" title="Arjantin">Arjantin</a></span> </td> <td align="center">16,889 </td> <td align="center">0.042 </td> <td align="center">1999 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-iaru_table_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaru_table-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Polonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">15,395 </td> <td align="center">0.040 </td> <td align="center">2023 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Avustralya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Avustralya" title="Avustralya">Avustralya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">15,068 </td> <td align="center">0.059 </td> <td align="center">2020 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Hindistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan">Hindistan</a></span> </td> <td align="center">15,679 </td> <td align="center">0.001 </td> <td align="center">2000 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-iaru_table_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaru_table-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İsveç"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sve%C3%A7" title="İsveç">İsveç</a></span> </td> <td align="center">12,859 </td> <td align="center">0.114 </td> <td align="center">2021 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Hollanda"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hollanda" title="Hollanda">Hollanda</a></span> </td> <td align="center">12,582 </td> <td align="center">0.07 </td> <td align="center">2018 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Malezya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malezya" title="Malezya">Malezya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">11,273 </td> <td align="center">0.03 </td> <td align="center">2023 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-iaru_table_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaru_table-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Danimarka"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarka</a></span> </td> <td align="center">9,079 </td> <td align="center">0.152 </td> <td align="center">2022 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Slovenya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenya" title="Slovenya">Slovenya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">6,500 </td> <td align="center">0.317 </td> <td align="center">2000 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-iaru_table_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaru_table-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Avusturya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Avusturya" title="Avusturya">Avusturya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">6,930 </td> <td align="center">0.077 </td> <td align="center">2022 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-www.fb.gv.at_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.fb.gv.at-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Güney Afrika"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Afrika_Cumhuriyeti" title="Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti">Güney Afrika</a></span> </td> <td align="center">6,000 </td> <td align="center">0.012 </td> <td align="center">1994 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-iaru_table_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaru_table-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Norveç"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norve%C3%A7" title="Norveç">Norveç</a></span> </td> <td align="center">6,818 </td> <td align="center">0.125 </td> <td align="center">2022 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Çekya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya">Çekya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">5,332 </td> <td align="center">0.05 </td> <td align="center">2023 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Czech_Telecommunication_Office_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Czech_Telecommunication_Office-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Finlandiya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finlandiya" title="Finlandiya">Finlandiya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">5,000 </td> <td align="center">0.090 </td> <td align="center">2016 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-sral.fi_numbers_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sral.fi_numbers-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Sırbistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1rbistan" title="Sırbistan">Sırbistan</a></span> </td> <td align="center">3,962 </td> <td align="center">0.056 </td> <td align="center">2020 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Amateur_Radio_Union_of_Serbia_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amateur_Radio_Union_of_Serbia-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Romanya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romanya" title="Romanya">Romanya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">3,527 </td> <td align="center">0.018 </td> <td align="center">2017 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-ancom_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancom-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Macaristan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Macaristan" title="Macaristan">Macaristan</a></span> </td> <td align="center">3,234 </td> <td align="center">0.033 </td> <td align="center">2023 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-nmhh.hu_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmhh.hu-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İrlanda"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0rlanda" title="İrlanda">İrlanda</a></span> </td> <td align="center">1,945 </td> <td align="center">0.039 </td> <td align="center">2020 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-comreg_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comreg-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Slovakya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakya" title="Slovakya">Slovakya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">1,745 </td> <td align="center">0.032 </td> <td align="center">2023 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Regulatory_Authority_for_Electronic_Communications_and_Postal_Services_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regulatory_Authority_for_Electronic_Communications_and_Postal_Services-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Estonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya">Estonya</a></span> </td> <td align="center">700 </td> <td align="center">0.052 </td> <td align="center">2020 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Dünya çapındaki amatör radyo operatörlerinin çoğunluğu <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya">Japonya</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Asya" title="Doğu Asya">Doğu Asya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Amerika" title="Kuzey Amerika">Kuzey Amerika</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Avrupa" title="Avrupa">Avrupa</a> ülkelerinde yaşamaktadır. </p><p>Nüfusa oranla amatör telsizci sayısına bakıldığına başı çeken ilk beş ülke şunlardır: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenya" title="Slovenya">Slovenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya">Japonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarka</a></li></ul> <p>Şu anda Dünya'da sadece Yemen ve Kuzey Kore hükûmetleri vatandaşlarının amatör telsiz operatörü olmasını yasaklıyor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Kaynak_g%C3%B6sterme" title="Vikipedi:Kaynak gösterme"><span title="">kaynak belirtilmeli</span></a></i>]</sup> Bazı ülkelerde Amatör telsizci olmak süreçlerin yoruculuğu bürokratik engeller veya ücretlerin yüksek olması sebebiyle zordur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinsiyet">Cinsiyet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Cinsiyet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Cinsiyet"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ülkelerin büyük çoğunluğunda, amatör radyo operatörlerinin nüfusu ağırlıklı olarak erkektir. Sadece Çin'de amatör telsizcilerin %12'sini kadınlar oluşturmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-IARUgender_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARUgender-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yaş"><span id="Ya.C5.9F"></span>Yaş</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Yaş" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Yaş"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Çoğu ülkede amatör telsizcilik belgesi almak ve amatör telsizci olabilmek için asgari yaş şartı yoktur. Türkiye'de BTK bu yaş sınırını 12 olarak belirlemiştir. Birçok ülkede amatör telsizcilerin sayısı yıldan yıla artmasına rağmen, amatör telsizcilerin yaş ortalaması nispeten yüksektir. Bazı ülkelerde, amatör telsizcilerin ortalama yaşı 68'dir.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Kaynak_g%C3%B6sterme" title="Vikipedi:Kaynak gösterme"><span title="">kaynak belirtilmeli</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a>'de, Bazı ulusal radyo toplulukları; <i>American Radio Relay League (ARRL)</i> vb Amatör Radyo Eğitim ve Teknoloji Programları düzenleyerek gençlerin amatör radyoya katılımını teşvik etmiş özel ve yaşlanan amatör telsizci nüfusuna yanıt vermeye çalışmıştır.<sup id="cite_ref-ARRLetp_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARRLetp-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ülkelerde_amatör_telsizciler"><span id=".C3.9Clkelerde_amat.C3.B6r_telsizciler"></span>Ülkelerde amatör telsizciler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ülkelerde amatör telsizciler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ülkelerde amatör telsizciler"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Türkiye"><span id="T.C3.BCrkiye"></span>Türkiye</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Türkiye" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&action=edit&section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Türkiye"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCrkiye%27de_amat%C3%B6r_telsizcilik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Türkiye'de amatör telsizcilik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Türkiye'de amatör telsizcilik</a></div> <table class="box-Başlık_böl plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-sections" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Bu maddenin <b>daha erişilebilir olması için konusuna göre başlıklara bölünmesi gerekmektedir</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Lütfen <a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Bi%C3%A7em_el_kitab%C4%B1#Alt_başlıklar" title="Vikipedi:Biçem el kitabı">Biçem el kitabına</a> uygun bir şekilde bölüm başlık ve alt başlıkları ekleyerek maddeyi düzenleyin.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Amat%C3%B6r_Telsiz_%C3%87a%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_i%C5%9Fareti.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Amat%C3%B6r_Telsiz_%C3%87a%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_i%C5%9Fareti.png/240px-Amat%C3%B6r_Telsiz_%C3%87a%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_i%C5%9Fareti.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Amat%C3%B6r_Telsiz_%C3%87a%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_i%C5%9Fareti.png/360px-Amat%C3%B6r_Telsiz_%C3%87a%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_i%C5%9Fareti.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Amat%C3%B6r_Telsiz_%C3%87a%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_i%C5%9Fareti.png/480px-Amat%C3%B6r_Telsiz_%C3%87a%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_i%C5%9Fareti.png 2x" data-file-width="1230" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Örnek bir çağrı işareti ve bölümleri</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:T%C3%BCrkiye_Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_b%C3%B6lge_Haritas%C4%B1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/T%C3%BCrkiye_Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_b%C3%B6lge_Haritas%C4%B1.png/270px-T%C3%BCrkiye_Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_b%C3%B6lge_Haritas%C4%B1.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/T%C3%BCrkiye_Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_b%C3%B6lge_Haritas%C4%B1.png/405px-T%C3%BCrkiye_Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_b%C3%B6lge_Haritas%C4%B1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/T%C3%BCrkiye_Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_b%C3%B6lge_Haritas%C4%B1.png/540px-T%C3%BCrkiye_Amat%C3%B6r_telsiz_b%C3%B6lge_Haritas%C4%B1.png 2x" data-file-width="2881" data-file-height="1358" /></a><figcaption>Türkiye Amatör Telsiz TA bölge haritası</figcaption></figure><p>Türkiye'de amatör telsizci, <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1y%C4%B1_Emniyeti_Genel_M%C3%BCd%C3%BCrl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC" title="Kıyı Emniyeti Genel Müdürlüğü">KEGM</a>'in yapmış olduğu amatör telsizcilik sınavlarında başarı göstermiş kişilerdir. KEGM, bu kişilere uluslararası geçerliliği olan amatör telsizcilik belgeleri ve ülkesini, bölgesini, belge sınıfını ve kişinin kendisi tarafından belirlenen son eki içeren eşsiz bir <a href="/wiki/%C3%87a%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_i%C5%9Fareti" title="Çağrı işareti">çağrı işareti</a> tahsis eder.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Çağrı_işareti"><span id=".C3.87a.C4.9Fr.C4.B1_i.C5.9Fareti"></span>Çağrı işareti</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Çağrı işareti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&action=edit&section=6" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Çağrı işareti"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amatör telsiz çağrı işaretleri ülke ve belge sınıfını belirten ön ek, bölge numarası ve amatör telsizci tarafından belirlenen son ekler olmak üzere 3 bölümden oluşur. Amatör telsizcilik ile ilgili uluslararası düzenlemeler gereği her ülkeye bir ülke kodu tahsis edilmiştir. Türkiye'nin ülke kodu için “TA”,"TB","TC" harfleri kullanılır. </p> <ol><li><b>TA</b>: Türkiye'deki A lisansına sahip bir amatör telsizciyi ifade eder.</li> <li><b>TB</b>: Türkiye'deki B ve C lisansına sahip bir amatör telsizciyi ifade eder.</li> <li><b>TC</b>: Türkiye'de <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1y%C4%B1_Emniyeti_Genel_M%C3%BCd%C3%BCrl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC" title="Kıyı Emniyeti Genel Müdürlüğü">KEGM</a> tarafından özel etkinlikler için tahsis edilen özel çağrı işaretidir, bir ya da birden fazla amatör telsizciyi ifade eder.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Türkiye'deki yasal yasal düzenlemelere göre Türkiye 0 - 9 arası rakamlarla kodlanan 10 farklı bölgeye ayrılmıştır: </p> <ul><li><b>0. Bölge</b>: Adaları kapsar.</li> <li><b>1. Bölge</b>: Trakya bölgesini ve İstanbul'un Avrupa yakasını kapsar.</li> <li><b>2. Bölge</b>: İstanbul'un Anadolu yakasını batı Karadeniz'i ve iç Anadolu'nun bir kısmını kapsar.</li> <li><b>3. Bölge</b>: Ege'nin kuzeyini ve Marmara'nın güneyini kapsar.</li> <li><b>4. Bölge</b>: Ege'nin güneyini Akdeniz'in batısını ve iç Anadolu'nun bir kısmını kapsar.</li> <li><b>5. Bölge</b>: İç Anadolu'nun güney kısımlarını ve Akdeniz'in bir kısmını kapsar.</li> <li><b>6. Bölge</b>: Orta Karadeniz ve iç Anadolu'nun kuzeyini kapsar.</li> <li><b>7. Bölge</b>: İç Anadolu'nun bir kısmını ve Karadeniz'in orta ve doğusunun bir kısmını kapsar.</li> <li><b>8. Bölge</b>: Güney doğu Anadolu ve iç Anadolu'nun bir kısmını kapsar.</li> <li><b>9. Bölge</b>: Doğu Karadeniz'in bir kısmını ve doğu ile güneydoğu Anadolu'nun bir kısmını kapsar.</li></ul> <p>Türkiye'de amatör telsiz çağrı işaretinin son ekini, sınavı kazandıktan sonra amatör telsizci, <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1y%C4%B1_Emniyeti_Genel_M%C3%BCd%C3%BCrl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC" title="Kıyı Emniyeti Genel Müdürlüğü">KEGM</a>'in internet sitesinden tahsis eder. Son ek, aynı bölge ve belge sınıfına sahip birisinin son ekinden farklı olması gerekmektedir. Bu sebeple aynı bölge ve belge sınıfına sahip birisinin almış olduğu son ek seçme listesinde seçilemez. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amat%C3%B6r_telsizci&action=edit&section=7" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127074206/https://www.akrad.org.tr/amatortelsizcikimdir/">"amatör telsizci kimdir"</a>. <i>AKRAD</i>. 27 Ocak 2021 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.akrad.org.tr/amatortelsizcikimdir/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Aralık 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AKRAD&rft.atitle=amat%C3%B6r+telsizci+kimdir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.akrad.org.tr%2Famatortelsizcikimdir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARRL_FCC-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-ARRL_FCC_2-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arrl.org/fcc-license-counts">"FCC License Counts"</a>. <i>arrl.com</i>. 21 Ekim 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231021170634/https://www.arrl.org/fcc-license-counts">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">21 Ekim</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=arrl.com&rft.atitle=FCC+License+Counts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arrl.org%2Ffcc-license-counts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hamlife.jp/2021/10/11/musenkyoku-kensaku20211011/">"Hamlife.jp Database Ministry of Communication"</a>. 11 Ekim 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011135859/https://www.hamlife.jp/2021/10/11/musenkyoku-kensaku20211011/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">13 Ekim</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hamlife.jp+Database+Ministry+of+Communication&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hamlife.jp%2F2021%2F10%2F11%2Fmusenkyoku-kensaku20211011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iaru_table-4"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-iaru_table_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaru_table_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaru_table_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaru_table_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaru_table_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaru_table_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaru_table_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaru_table_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaru_table_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaru_table_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaru_table_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaru_table_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcmc.gov.my/en/legal/registers/register-of-apparatus-assignments-search?type=AARadio">"MCMC Register Of Apparatus Assignments Search"</a>. 16 Aralık 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216172037/https://www.mcmc.gov.my/en/legal/registers/register-of-apparatus-assignments-search?type=AARadio">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Aralık 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MCMC+Register+Of+Apparatus+Assignments+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcmc.gov.my%2Fen%2Flegal%2Fregisters%2Fregister-of-apparatus-assignments-search%3Ftype%3DAARadio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crac.org.cn/?page_id=1682">"业余电台操作证书核发信息公告（ABC类及香港B类）"</a> [Amateur Radio Operation Certificate Issue Information Announcement (ABC Class and Hong Kong Class B)]. Chinese Radio Amateurs Club. June 2019. 28 Mart 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328091119/http://www.crac.org.cn/%3Fpage_id%3D1682/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">28 Mart</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%9A%E4%BD%99%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E8%AF%81%E4%B9%A6%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%91%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A%EF%BC%88ABC%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%8A%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AFB%E7%B1%BB%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=Chinese+Radio+Amateurs+Club&rft.date=2019-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crac.org.cn%2F%3Fpage_id%3D1682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/SpezielleAnwendungen/Amateurfunk/amateurfunk_node.html">"Amateurfunk"</a>. Bundesnetzagentur. 2019. 21 Aralık 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231221220732/https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/SpezielleAnwendungen/Amateurfunk/amateurfunk_node.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Aralık 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amateurfunk&rft.pub=Bundesnetzagentur&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesnetzagentur.de%2FDE%2FSachgebiete%2FTelekommunikation%2FUnternehmen_Institutionen%2FFrequenzen%2FSpezielleAnwendungen%2FAmateurfunk%2Famateurfunk_node.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamdata-7"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Hamdata_7-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190303141441/http://www.southgatearc.org/news/2019/march/canada-amateur-radio-statistics.htm">"News - Canada: Amateur radio statistics 2018"</a>. <i>Southgate Amateur Radio Club</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rayleigh,_Essex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rayleigh, Essex (sayfa mevcut değil)">Rayleigh, Essex</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" class="mw-redirect" title="England">England</a>. 3 Mart 2019 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southgatearc.org/news/2019/march/canada-amateur-radio-statistics.htm">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 20 Kasım 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southgate+Amateur+Radio+Club&rft.atitle=News+-+Canada%3A+Amateur+radio+statistics+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southgatearc.org%2Fnews%2F2019%2Fmarch%2Fcanada-amateur-radio-statistics.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315145232/http://www.southgatearc.org/news/2018/september/how-many-uk-radio-amateurs-are-there.htm">"How many UK radio amateurs are there?"</a>. 15 Mart 2023 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southgatearc.org/news/2018/september/how-many-uk-radio-amateurs-are-there.htm">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">25 Haziran</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+many+UK+radio+amateurs+are+there%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southgatearc.org%2Fnews%2F2018%2Fseptember%2Fhow-many-uk-radio-amateurs-are-there.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KARL_Report_to_IARU_Region_3_2012-9"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-KARL_Report_to_IARU_Region_3_2012_9-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160202022502/http://www.iaru-r3.org/15r3c/docs/019.doc">"Triennial Report from KARL"</a>. <i>iaru-r3.org</i>. 2 Şubat 2016 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaru-r3.org/15r3c/docs/019.doc">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 4 Kasım 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iaru-r3.org&rft.atitle=Triennial+Report+from+KARL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iaru-r3.org%2F15r3c%2Fdocs%2F019.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/deprem-sonrasi-amator-telsizci-basvurulari-artti-752885.html">"Deprem sonrası amatör telsizci başvuruları arttı"</a>. <i>www.trthaber.com</i>. 14 Mart 2023. 14 Nisan 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414192232/https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/deprem-sonrasi-amator-telsizci-basvurulari-artti-752885.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">14 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.trthaber.com&rft.atitle=Deprem+sonras%C4%B1+amat%C3%B6r+telsizci+ba%C5%9Fvurular%C4%B1+artt%C4%B1&rft.date=2023-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trthaber.com%2Fhaber%2Fgundem%2Fdeprem-sonrasi-amator-telsizci-basvurulari-artti-752885.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">REF preliminary callsign statistics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amator.uke.gov.pl/pl/individuals">"UKE Radioamator"</a>. <i>amator.uke.gov.pl</i>. 23 Eylül 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230923095341/https://amator.uke.gov.pl/pl/individuals">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">21 Ekim</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amator.uke.gov.pl&rft.atitle=UKE+Radioamator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famator.uke.gov.pl%2Fpl%2Findividuals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acma.gov.au/radiocomms-licence-data">"ACMA Radiocomms license data"</a>. <i>acma.gov.au</i>. 15 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115215326/https://www.acma.gov.au/radiocomms-licence-data">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 29 Aralık 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=acma.gov.au&rft.atitle=ACMA+Radiocomms+license+data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acma.gov.au%2Fradiocomms-licence-data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">SSA callsign statistics published in QTC 12/2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Agentschap Telecom - Ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat <cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191023202452/https://magazines.agentschaptelecom.nl/staatvandeether/2018/01/radiozendamateurs">"Staat van de Ether 2018"</a>. 23 Ekim 2019 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://magazines.agentschaptelecom.nl/staatvandeether/2018/01/radiozendamateurs">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Ekim</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Staat+van+de+Ether+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmagazines.agentschaptelecom.nl%2Fstaatvandeether%2F2018%2F01%2Fradiozendamateurs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frekvensregister.ens.dk/Search/Search.aspx?">"Energistyrelsen Frekvensregister"</a>. <i>frekvensregister.ens.dk</i>. 22 Aralık 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015655/https://frekvensregister.ens.dk/Search/Search.aspx">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Aralık 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=frekvensregister.ens.dk&rft.atitle=Energistyrelsen+Frekvensregister&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrekvensregister.ens.dk%2FSearch%2FSearch.aspx%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.fb.gv.at-17"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-www.fb.gv.at_17-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810204451/https://www.fb.gv.at/dam/jcr:78fda5c9-4e40-45b4-a48c-36d14d7b7692/Rufzeichenliste_AT_Stand_010222.pdf">"Rufzeichenliste österreichischer Amateurfunkstellen"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 10 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fb.gv.at/dam/jcr:78fda5c9-4e40-45b4-a48c-36d14d7b7692/Rufzeichenliste_AT_Stand_010222.pdf">kaynağından</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 15 Şubat 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rufzeichenliste+%C3%B6sterreichischer+Amateurfunkstellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fb.gv.at%2Fdam%2Fjcr%3A78fda5c9-4e40-45b4-a48c-36d14d7b7692%2FRufzeichenliste_AT_Stand_010222.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Nkom callsign statistics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Czech_Telecommunication_Office-19"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Czech_Telecommunication_Office_19-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctu.cz/vyhledavaci-databaze/databaze-pridelenych-radiovych-kmitoctu-podle-vydanych-pridelu-a-individualnich-opravneni/amateri">"Individual licenses and call signs of Radio Amateur Service stations"</a>. <i>ctu.cz</i>. 5 Ekim 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005153657/https://www.ctu.cz/vyhledavaci-databaze/databaze-pridelenych-radiovych-kmitoctu-podle-vydanych-pridelu-a-individualnich-opravneni/amateri">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 21 Eylül 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ctu.cz&rft.atitle=Individual+licenses+and+call+signs+of+Radio+Amateur+Service+stations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctu.cz%2Fvyhledavaci-databaze%2Fdatabaze-pridelenych-radiovych-kmitoctu-podle-vydanych-pridelu-a-individualnich-opravneni%2Famateri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sral.fi_numbers-20"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-sral.fi_numbers_20-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040601133035/http://sral.fi/info/">"Mitä radioamatööritoiminta on?"</a>. <i>SRAL.fi</i>. 1 Haziran 2004 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sral.fi/info/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">6 Mart</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SRAL.fi&rft.atitle=Mit%C3%A4+radioamat%C3%B6%C3%B6ritoiminta+on%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sral.fi%2Finfo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amateur_Radio_Union_of_Serbia-21"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Amateur_Radio_Union_of_Serbia_21-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://callbook.yu1srs.org.rs/list/operator">"YU Amateur Radio Call Book"</a>. <i>yu1srs.org.rs</i>. 17 Eylül 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190917051420/http://callbook.yu1srs.org.rs/list/operator">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">30 Mart</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yu1srs.org.rs&rft.atitle=YU+Amateur+Radio+Call+Book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcallbook.yu1srs.org.rs%2Flist%2Foperator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ancom-22"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-ancom_22-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancom.org.ro/radioamatori_2899">"ANCOM Callbook Radioamatori"</a>. <i>ancom.org.ro</i>. 11 Ocak 2018 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180111165515/http://www.ancom.org.ro/radioamatori_2899">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">11 Ocak</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ancom.org.ro&rft.atitle=ANCOM+Callbook+Radioamatori&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancom.org.ro%2Fradioamatori_2899&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nmhh.hu-23"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-nmhh.hu_23-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nmhh.hu/amator/call_sign_book.xml">"call_sign_book.xml"</a>. <i>nmhh.hu</i>. 28 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328114201/https://nmhh.hu/amator/call_sign_book.xml">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">28 Mart</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nmhh.hu&rft.atitle=call_sign_book.xml&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnmhh.hu%2Famator%2Fcall_sign_book.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comreg-24"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-comreg_24-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comreg.ie/industry/radio-spectrum/licensing/statistics/">"COMREG Licensing Database"</a>. <i>www.comreg.ie</i>. 7 Mart 2016. 24 Ekim 2017 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024032222/https://www.comreg.ie/industry/radio-spectrum/licensing/statistics/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">18 Nisan</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.comreg.ie&rft.atitle=COMREG+Licensing+Database&rft.date=2016-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comreg.ie%2Findustry%2Fradio-spectrum%2Flicensing%2Fstatistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/er/pme/populationandmigrationestimatesapril2020/">"Population and Migration Estimates April 2020 - CSO - Central Statistics Office"</a>. <i>www.cso.ie</i>. 20 Ağustos 2020. 24 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200824172240/https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/er/pme/populationandmigrationestimatesapril2020/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">18 Nisan</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cso.ie&rft.atitle=Population+and+Migration+Estimates+April+2020+-+CSO+-+Central+Statistics+Office&rft.date=2020-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cso.ie%2Fen%2Freleasesandpublications%2Fer%2Fpme%2Fpopulationandmigrationestimatesapril2020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Regulatory_Authority_for_Electronic_Communications_and_Postal_Services-26"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Regulatory_Authority_for_Electronic_Communications_and_Postal_Services_26-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teleoff.gov.sk/data/files/204.doc">"List of Slovakia Radio Amateur call signs"</a>. <i>teleoff.gov.sk</i>. 5 Ekim 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005153656/https://www.teleoff.gov.sk/data/files/204.doc">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 21 Eylül 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teleoff.gov.sk&rft.atitle=List+of+Slovakia+Radio+Amateur+call+signs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teleoff.gov.sk%2Fdata%2Ffiles%2F204.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IARUgender-27"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-IARUgender_27-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak konferans">Chinese Radio Sports Association (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060306192403/http://www.jarl.or.jp/iaru-r3/12r3c/docs/057.doc">"The Current Status of Amateur Radio in the Mainland of China"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the International Amateur Radio Union's Region 3 Twelfth Regional Conference</i>. Document No. 04/XII/057. 6 Mart 2006 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jarl.or.jp/iaru-r3/12r3c/docs/057.doc">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">2 Haziran</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=konferans&rft.atitle=The+Current+Status+of+Amateur+Radio+in+the+Mainland+of+China&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Amateur+Radio+Union%27s+Region+3+Twelfth+Regional+Conference&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Chinese+Radio+Sports+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jarl.or.jp%2Fiaru-r3%2F12r3c%2Fdocs%2F057.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARRLetp-28"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-ARRLetp_28-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arrl.org/FandES/tbp/">"The ARRL Amateur Radio Education & Technology Program"</a>. <i>ARRL.org</i>. 25 Haziran 2007 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070625204553/http://www.arrl.org/FandES/tbp/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">13 Temmuz</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ARRL.org&rft.atitle=The+ARRL+Amateur+Radio+Education+%26+Technology+Program&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arrl.org%2FFandES%2Ftbp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.btk.gov.tr/amator-telsizcilik">"Amatör telsizcilik"</a>. <i>BTK</i>. 17 Aralık 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231217201439/https://www.btk.gov.tr/amator-telsizcilik">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Aralık 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BTK&rft.atitle=Amat%C3%B6r+telsizcilik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.btk.gov.tr%2Famator-telsizcilik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kiyiemniyeti.gov.tr/sss#:~:text=Bu%20durumda%20%C3%B6zel%20g%C3%BCnlere%20ili%C5%9Fkin,en%20%C3%A7ok%2060%20g%C3%BCn%20uzat%C4%B1labilir.">"KEGM - SSS"</a>. 28 Mart 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328105109/https://www.kiyiemniyeti.gov.tr/sss#:~:text=Bu%20durumda%20%C3%B6zel%20g%C3%BCnlere%20ili%C5%9Fkin,en%20%C3%A7ok%2060%20g%C3%BCn%20uzat%C4%B1labilir.">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">28 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KEGM+-+SSS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kiyiemniyeti.gov.tr%2Fsss%23%3A~%3Atext%3DBu%2520durumda%2520%25C3%25B6zel%2520g%25C3%25BCnlere%2520ili%25C5%259Fkin%2Cen%2520%25C3%25A7ok%252060%2520g%25C3%25BCn%2520uzat%25C4%25B1labilir.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AAmat%C3%B6r+telsizci" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1939892&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1939892&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otorite_kontrol%C3%BC" title="Otorite kontrolü">Otorite kontrolü</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1939892" title="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin"><img alt="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCmle%C5%9Fik_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Tümleşik Otorite Dosyası">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4155645-8">4155645-8</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ek_Cumhuriyeti_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Çek Cumhuriyeti Millî Kütüphanesi">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph124982&CON_LNG=ENG">ph124982</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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