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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Kirish</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Shaxsiy uskunalar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Shaxsiy uskunalar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Foydalanuvchi menyusi" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=uz.wikipedia.org&uselang=uz"><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&returnto=Chili+qalampiri" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hisob yaratish</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Chili+qalampiri" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Kirish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chiqishni amalga oshirgan tahrirchilar uchun sahifalar <a href="/wiki/Yordam:Mundarija" aria-label="Tahrirlash haqida batafsil maʼlumot"><span>batafsil maʼlumot</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyContributions" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar roʻyxati [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Qoʻshilgan hissa</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyTalk" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar munozarasi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tarix" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tarix</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tarix-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tarix subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tarix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kelib_chiqishi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelib_chiqishi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Kelib chiqishi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelib_chiqishi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yevropaga_tarqatish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yevropaga_tarqatish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Yevropaga tarqatish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yevropaga_tarqatish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osiyoga_tarqalishi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osiyoga_tarqalishi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Osiyoga tarqalishi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osiyoga_tarqalishi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ishlab_chiqarish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ishlab_chiqarish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ishlab chiqarish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ishlab_chiqarish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turlari_va_navlari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turlari_va_navlari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Turlari va navlari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turlari_va_navlari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intensivlik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intensivlik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Intensivlik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Intensivlik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Intensivlik subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Intensivlik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oddiy_qalampir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oddiy_qalampir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Oddiy qalampir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oddiy_qalampir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mashhur_issiq_qalampir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mashhur_issiq_qalampir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Mashhur issiq qalampir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mashhur_issiq_qalampir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foydalanadi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foydalanadi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Foydalanadi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foydalanadi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Foydalanadi subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Foydalanadi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pazandachilikda_foydalanish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pazandachilikda_foydalanish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Pazandachilikda foydalanish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pazandachilikda_foydalanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manzarali_oʻsimliklar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manzarali_oʻsimliklar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Manzarali oʻsimliklar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manzarali_oʻsimliklar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topikal_foydalanish_va_sogʻliqni_saqlash_tadqiqotlari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topikal_foydalanish_va_sogʻliqni_saqlash_tadqiqotlari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Topikal foydalanish va sogʻliqni saqlash tadqiqotlari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topikal_foydalanish_va_sogʻliqni_saqlash_tadqiqotlari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimyoviy_tirnash_xususiyati_beruvchi_moddalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimyoviy_tirnash_xususiyati_beruvchi_moddalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Kimyoviy tirnash xususiyati beruvchi moddalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimyoviy_tirnash_xususiyati_beruvchi_moddalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekinlarni_himoya_qilish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekinlarni_himoya_qilish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Ekinlarni himoya qilish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekinlarni_himoya_qilish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oziq-ovqat_himoyasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oziq-ovqat_himoyasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Oziq-ovqat himoyasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oziq-ovqat_himoyasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ozuqa_qiymati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ozuqa_qiymati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ozuqa qiymati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ozuqa_qiymati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imlo_va_foydalanish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imlo_va_foydalanish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Imlo va foydalanish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imlo_va_foydalanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xavfsizlik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xavfsizlik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Xavfsizlik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xavfsizlik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manbalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manbalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Manbalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manbalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chili qalampiri</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 113 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-113" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">113 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campli" title="Campli – achin" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Campli" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="فلفل حار – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلفل حار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="فلفل حار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فلفل حار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="জলকীয়া – assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জলকীয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabia" title="Tabia – bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tabia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sili" title="Sili – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sili" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Чырвоны перац – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чырвоны перац" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%87%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Люта чушка – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Люта чушка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombok_(tanaman)" title="Lombok (tanaman) – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Lombok (tanaman)" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A" title="মরিচ – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মরিচ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cili" title="Čili – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Čili" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitxo" title="Bitxo – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bitxo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%98" title="بیبەری تیژ – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بیبەری تیژ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilli_papri%C4%8Dka" title="Chilli paprička – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chilli paprička" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupur_tsili" title="Pupur tsili – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pupur tsili" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilipfeffer" title="Chilipfeffer – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chilipfeffer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9" title="Τσίλι – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσίλι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chili pepper" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapsiketo" title="Kapsiketo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kapsiketo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aj%C3%AD" title="Ají – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ají" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1illipipar" title="Tšillipipar – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšillipipar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipermin" title="Pipermin – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pipermin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF" title="فلفل تند – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلفل تند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tak%C3%ADn" title="Takín – fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Takín" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piment" title="Piment – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Piment" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_(pemento)" title="Chile (pemento) – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chile (pemento)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%27%E1%BB%B9i" title="Ky'ỹi – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ky'ỹi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82" title="મરચું – gujarot" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મરચું" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%9C_%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A3" title="פלפל חריף – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלפל חריף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A" title="मिर्च – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मिर्च" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mircha" title="Mircha – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mircha" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cili" title="Čili – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Čili" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piman" title="Piman – gaityan" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Piman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="gaityan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csilipaprika" title="Csilipaprika – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csilipaprika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80_%D5%BA%D5%B2%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%B2" title="Կարմիր պղպեղ – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարմիր պղպեղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chabi" title="Chabi – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Chabi" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabai" title="Cabai – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cabai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili-pimento" title="Chili-pimento – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chili-pimento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili-pipar" title="Chili-pipar – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Chili-pipar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peperoncino" title="Peperoncino – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Peperoncino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E8%BE%9B%E5%AD%90" title="唐辛子 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="唐辛子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombok_abang" title="Lombok abang – yavan" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lombok abang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yavan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="წიწაკა – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წიწაკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kp%C9%9B%C9%9Bnz%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Kpɛɛnzʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpɛɛnzʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabi" title="Cabi – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Cabi" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮೆಣಸಿನಕಾಯಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೆಣಸಿನಕಾಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%B6%94" title="고추 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고추" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%98%D9%95_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%AF%D9%86" title="مرژٕ وانٛگن – kashmircha" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مرژٕ وانٛگن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmircha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Esot" title="Îsot – kurdcha" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îsot" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80_(%D1%87%D3%A9%D0%BF)" title="Калемпир (чөп) – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калемпир (чөп)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum_(fructus)" title="Capsicum (fructus) – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Capsicum (fructus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipil%C3%AD" title="Pilipilí – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Pilipilí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ໝາກເຜັດ – laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໝາກເຜັດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raudonasis_pipiras" title="Raudonasis pipiras – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Raudonasis pipiras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cili_pipari" title="Čili pipari – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čili pipari" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbhi" title="Cabbhi – madur" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Cabbhi" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="मर्चाई – maythili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मर्चाई" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maythili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakay_(zavamaniry)" title="Sakay (zavamaniry) – malagasiy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sakay (zavamaniry)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lado" title="Lado – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Lado" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чили пиперка – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чили пиперка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="မြေက် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="မြေက်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipare" title="Kipare – mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Kipare" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="मिरची – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मिरची" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cili" title="Cili – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cili" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%84%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ငရုတ်ပင် – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ငရုတ်ပင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="اخلاد – mozandaron" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اخلاد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mozandaron" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="खुर्सानी – nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खुर्सानी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="मल्ता – nevar" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मल्ता" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabe" title="Cabe – nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Cabe" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilipeper" title="Chilipeper – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chilipeper" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilipepar" title="Chilipepar – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Chilipepar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9D%DF%99%DF%8F%DF%AC%DF%95%DF%8F" title="ߝߙߏ߬ߕߏ – nko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߝߙߏ߬ߕߏ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="nko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piment_(frouque)" title="Piment (frouque) – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Piment (frouque)" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeed%C3%ADch%CA%BC%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC" title="Azeedíchʼííʼ – navaxo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Azeedíchʼííʼ" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piment" title="Piment – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Piment" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Цывзы – osetin" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цывзы" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lara" title="Lara – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Lara" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papryka_chili" title="Papryka chili – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Papryka chili" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%86" title="مرچ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مرچ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimenta_chili" title="Pimenta chili – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pimenta chili" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utsu" title="Utsu – kechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Utsu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardei_iute" title="Ardei iute – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ardei iute" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Острый перец – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Острый перец" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D)" title="मरीचिका (शाकम्) – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मरीचिका (शाकम्)" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%BA%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AA" title="ᱢᱟᱺᱨᱤᱪ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱺᱨᱤᱪ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%B3%D8%A7%DA%99%DA%BE%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%86" title="ڳاڙھا مرچ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڳاڙھا مرچ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cili" title="Čili – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Čili" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="මිරිස් – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මිරිස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chili pepper" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cili_papri%C4%8Dka" title="Čili paprička – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čili paprička" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cili" title="Čili – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čili" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mhiripiri" title="Mhiripiri – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mhiripiri" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besbaas" title="Besbaas – somalicha" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Besbaas" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalicha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cili_(biljka)" title="Čili (biljka) – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Čili (biljka)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cab%C3%A9" title="Cabé – sundan" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Cabé" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilipeppar" title="Chilipeppar – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chilipeppar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮುಂಚಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಮುಂಚಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF" title="మిరపకాయ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మిరపకాయ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="พริก – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พริก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sili_(bunga)" title="Sili (bunga) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sili (bunga)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C4%B1_biber" title="Acı biber – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Acı biber" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%84%D9%85%DB%87%DA%86" title="قىزىلمۇچ – uyg‘ur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قىزىلمۇچ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uyg‘ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Перець чилі – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перець чилі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%86" title="مرچ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مرچ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%9At" title="Ớt – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ớt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harang" title="Harang – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Harang" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%A3%E8%8C%84%EF%BC%88%E6%9E%9C%E5%AE%9E%EF%BC%89" title="辣茄（果实） – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="辣茄（果实）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ზაფანა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზაფანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ata_%E1%B9%A3%E1%BB%8D%CC%80mb%E1%BB%8D%CC%80" title="Ata ṣọ̀mbọ̀ – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ata ṣọ̀mbọ̀" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%A3%E6%A4%92" title="辣椒 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="辣椒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%A3%E6%A4%92" title="辣椒 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="辣椒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q165199#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=history"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umumiy </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:WhatLinksHere/Chili_qalampiri" title="Ushbu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalar roʻyxati [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Bu yerga ishoratlar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Achill.jpg/330px-Achill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Achill.jpg/440px-Achill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2270" data-file-height="1238" /></a><figcaption> Yosh chili oʻsimliklari</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Chili qalampiri</b> (shuningdek, <b>chile</b>, <b>qalampiri</b>, <b>chilli qalampiri</b> yoki <b>chilli</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) achchiq ta'mi uchun yetishtiriladigan <a href="/wiki/Ituzumdoshlar" title="Ituzumdoshlar">ituzumdoshlar</a> oilasiga mansub <i><a href="/wiki/Qalampir" title="Qalampir">Capsicum</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Urug%CA%BB_(zoologiya)" title="Urugʻ (zoologiya)">turkumidagi</a> oʻsimliklarning reza mevali navlari<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Chili qalampiri koʻplab oshxonalarda taomlarga „achchiq“ taʼm berish uchun ziravor sifatida ishlatiladi. Kapsaitsin va kapsaitsinoidlar deb nomlanuvchi birikmalar chili qalampirini iste'mol qilganda yoki topikal ravishda qoʻllanganda ularga intensivligini beruvchi moddalardir. Qalampirning boshqa navlariga bolgar qalampiri kiradi. C<i>hili qalampiri</i> (turli darajada) oʻtkir yoki „achchiq“ ta'mga ega, <i>bolgar qalampiri</i> esa odatda ovqatga qoʻshimcha shirinlik va mazali ta'm berish uchun qo'llanadi. </p><p>Chili qalampiri <a href="/wiki/Markaziy_Amerika" title="Markaziy Amerika">Markaziy</a> yoki <a href="/wiki/Janubiy_Amerika" title="Janubiy Amerika">Janubiy Amerikada</a> paydo boʻlgan deb taxmin qilinadi<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pickersgill_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pickersgill-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chiou_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chiou-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Birinchi marta <a href="/wiki/Meksika" title="Meksika">Meksikada</a> yetishtirilgan<sup id="cite_ref-Kraft_2014_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraft_2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kolumbiya almashinuvidan soʻng, butun dunyo boʻylab chili qalampirining koʻplab <a href="/wiki/Nav" title="Nav">navlari</a> tarqaldi, ular ham oziq-ovqat, ham anʼanaviy tibbiyot uchun ishlatiladi. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shimoliy_Amerika" title="Shimoliy Amerika">Shimoliy Amerika</a> va <a href="/wiki/Yevropa" title="Yevropa">Yevropada</a> yetishtiriladigan navlarning barchasi <i><a href="/wiki/Shirin_qalampir" title="Shirin qalampir">Capsicum annuum</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Nav" title="Nav">navidan</a> kelib chiqqan. Odatda mevalari oq, sariq, qizil yoki binafsha ranggacha boʻladi. 2019-yilda dunyoda xom yashil chili qalampiri ishlab chiqarish 38 million tonnani tashkil etdi. Butun dunyo boʻylab ishlab chiqarilgan qalambirning teng yarmi Xitoyda yetishtiriladi<sup id="cite_ref-fao2019_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarix">Tarix</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tarix" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tarix"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelib_chiqishi">Kelib chiqishi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Kelib chiqishi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kelib chiqishi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Capsicum</i> oʻsimliklari zamonaviy <a href="/wiki/Boliviya" title="Boliviya">Boliviyada</a> paydo boʻlgan va miloddan avvalgi 7500 yildan beri taomlarning bir qismi boʻlib kelgan<sup id="cite_ref-Pickersgill_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pickersgill-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bosland_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bosland-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ular Amerikada yetishtirilgsn eng qadimgi <a href="/wiki/Qishloq_xo%CA%BBjaligi" title="Qishloq xoʻjaligi">ekinlardan</a> biri hisoblanadi<sup id="cite_ref-bosland_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bosland-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Chili qalampirini yetishtirishning kelib chiqishi taxminan 6000 yil oldin sharqiy-markaziy <a href="/wiki/Meksika" title="Meksika">Meksikada</a> boshlangan,<sup id="cite_ref-Kraft_2014_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraft_2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2014-yilda Nyu-York botanika bogʻi matbuoti tomonidan olib borilgan tadqiqotlarga koʻra, chili oʻsimliklari birinchi marta Amerikaning turli joylarida mustaqil ravishda yetishtirilgan<sup id="cite_ref-Chiou_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chiou-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ular Meksika, Markaziy Amerika<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> va Janubiy Amerikaning baʼzi qismlarida yetishtirilgan oʻzini changlatuvchi ekinlardan biri boʻlgan<sup id="cite_ref-bosland_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bosland-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peruda</a> <i>Capsicum</i> turkumi xilma-xilligi eng koʻp, chunki bu joy diversifikatsiya markazi boʻlib, u yerda barcha navlar Kolumbgacha boʻlgan davrga qadar oʻstirilgan va isteʼmol qilingan<sup id="cite_ref-van_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Yovvoyi <i>Capsicum</i> qalampirining eng katta xilma-xilligi Boliviyada uchraydi. Boliviya isteʼmolchilari ikkita asosiy o'simlikni ajratib koʻrsatishadi: kichik yumaloq mevalarga ega turlar C.<i>ulupicas</i>, C. <i>eximium</i>, <i>C.</i> <i>cardenasii, C. eshbaughii</i> va <i>C. caballeroi</i> landraces va kichik choʻzilgan mevalarga ega turlar C.<i>arivivis</i>, <i>C. baccatum</i> var. <i>baccatum</i> va <i>C. chacoense</i> navlari<sup id="cite_ref-van_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yevropaga_tarqatish">Yevropaga tarqatish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Yevropaga tarqatish" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Yevropaga tarqatish"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> va uning ekipaji Karib dengiziga yetib borganida, ular birinchi boʻlin c<i>apsikum bilan tanishgan yevropaliklar boʻlishgan.</i> Ular oʻsimliklarni „qalampir“ deb atashdi, chunki ular Yevropada maʼlum boʻlgan <i>Piper</i> jinsining <a href="/wiki/Murch" title="Murch">qora qalampiri</a> kabi, boshqa ziravorlardan farqli oʻlaroq, achchiq, issiq taʼmga ega<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_2000_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi_2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osiyoga_tarqalishi">Osiyoga tarqalishi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Osiyoga tarqalishi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Osiyoga tarqalishi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chili qalampiri oʻzining savdo qiymati va qora qalampirning achchiqligiga oʻxshashligi sababli <a href="/wiki/Portugaliya_imperiyasi" title="Portugaliya imperiyasi">portugaliyalik savdogarlar</a> tomonidan Osiyoga olib kirilgan<sup id="cite_ref-bosland_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bosland-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cabi_2000_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi_2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hindistonda portugallar tomonidan 16-asrning oxirlarida kiritilgan<sup id="cite_ref-E.V.Nybe2007_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E.V.Nybe2007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 21-asr Osiyo oshxonasida chili qalampiri keng qoʻllanilmoqda<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ishlab_chiqarish">Ishlab chiqarish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Ishlab chiqarish" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ishlab chiqarish"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:18em; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Chilli va qalampir ishlab chiqarish, yashil — 2020 yil </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddf; width:75%;">Mintaqa </th> <th style="background:#ddf; width:25%;"><small>(Million tonna)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xitoy" title="Xitoy"> Xitoy</a> </td> <td>16.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meksika" title="Meksika">Meksika</a> </td> <td>2.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indoneziya bayrogʻi"><img alt="Indoneziya bayrogʻi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/25px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/38px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Indoneziya" title="Indoneziya">Indoneziya</a></span> </td> <td>2.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya">Turkiya</a> </td> <td>2.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ispaniya" title="Ispaniya">Ispaniya</a> </td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Dunyo</b> </td> <td><b>36.1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><small>Manba: <a href="/wiki/Birlashgan_Millatlar_Tashkiloti" title="Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti">Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining</a> FAOSTAT</small> <sup id="cite_ref-fao2020_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao2020-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>2020-yilda butun dunyo boʻylab 36 million tonna yashil chili qalampiri ishlab chiqarildi. Xitoy esa jami qalampirninf 46 % ni ishlab chiqardi<sup id="cite_ref-fao2020_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao2020-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turlari_va_navlari">Turlari va navlari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Turlari va navlari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Turlari va navlari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Thai_peppers.jpg/220px-Thai_peppers.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Fayl:Thai_peppers.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Thai_peppers.jpg/220px-Thai_peppers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Thai_peppers.jpg/330px-Thai_peppers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Thai_peppers.jpg/440px-Thai_peppers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption> Tailand qalampiri, xilma-xilligi boʻyicha <a href="/wiki/Piri-piri" title="Piri-piri">Afrika qush koʻziga</a> oʻxshash, kattaligi uchun sezilarli kuchga ega.</figcaption></figure> <p>Chili qalampirining beshta xonaki turi mavjud. <i><a href="/wiki/Shirin_qalampir" title="Shirin qalampir">Capsicum annuum</a></i> koʻplab keng tarqalgan navlarni oʻz ichiga oladi . <i>Capsicum frutescens</i> tarkibiga malagueta, tabasko, <a href="/wiki/Piri-piri" title="Piri-piri">piri piri</a> va malavi kambuzi navlari kiradi. <i>Capsicum chinense</i>, naga, habanero, datil va skotch bonneti kabi eng issiq qalampirni oʻz ichiga oladi. <i>Capsicum pubescens</i> Janubiy Amerika rokoto qalampirini oʻz ichiga oladi. <i>Capsicum baccatum</i> Janubiy Amerika aji qalampirini oʻz ichiga oladi<sup id="cite_ref-springer_2013_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-springer_2013-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Yashil va qizil bolgar qalampiri, masalan, <i>C. annuumning</i> bir xil navi, faqat pishmagan qalampir yashil boʻladi. Xuddi shu turlarda jalapeno, poblano (quritilganda ancho deb ataladi), Nyu-Meksiko, serrano va boshqa navlar mavjud.  </p><p>Qalampirlar odatda uchta guruhga boʻlinadi: bolgar qalampiri, shirin qalampir va achchiq qalampir. Eng mashhur qalampir navlari ushbu toifalardan biriga tegishli boʻladi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intensivlik">Intensivlik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Intensivlik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Intensivlik"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chili qalampiriga oʻtkirligini (achchiq issiqlik) beradigan moddalar kapsaitsin (8-metil- <i>N</i> -vanilil-6-nonenamid) va bir nechta tegishli kimyoviy moddalardir, ular birgalikda <i>kapsaitsinoidlar</i> deb ataladi<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kapsaitsin miqdori turlicha va oʻsayotgan sharoitga qarab oʻzgaradi. Suv taʼsiriga uchragan qalampir odatda katta mevalarni hosil qiladi. Habanero oʻsimligi stressga noqulay sharoitga tushib qolganda , masalan, suv miqdori kamayganda mevaning baʼzi qismlarida kapsaitsin kontsentratsiyasi oshadi<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Qalampirni sutemizuvchilar, masalan, odamlar isteʼmol qilganda, kapsaitsin ogʻiz va tomoqdagi ogʻriq retseptorlari bilan bogʻlanib, umurtqa pogʻonasi orqali miya sopi va <a href="/wiki/Ko%CA%BBrish_do%CA%BBmbog%CA%BBi" title="Koʻrish doʻmbogʻi">talamusda</a> ogʻriqni keltirib chiqaradi<sup id="cite_ref-oneill_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oneill-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Biroq, qushlar issiqni sezmaydilar va shuning uchun ular eng issiq qalampirni ham isteʼmol qilishlari mumkin. Chili qalampirining „issiqligi“ ning intensivligi odatda 1912-yilda amerikalik farmatsevt <a href="/wiki/Uilbur_Skovil" title="Uilbur Skovil">Uilbur Skovil</a> tomonidan ixtiro qilingan Scoville issiqlik birliklarida (SHU) oʻlchanadi<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Zamonaviy usul — chili qalampir navining kapsaitsinoid tarkibini toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri oʻlchash uchun <a href="/wiki/Yuqori_samarali_suyuqlik_xromatografiya" title="Yuqori samarali suyuqlik xromatografiya">yuqori samarali suyuqlik xromatografiyasi</a> (HPLC) yordamida SHU ning miqdoriy tahlilidir . Sof kapsaitsin xona haroratida hidrofobik, rangsiz, hidsiz va kristaldan mumsimon qattiq moddadir. </p><p>Bir tadqiqotga koʻra, kapsaitsin oʻsimlik tomonidan sutemizuvchilar yirtqichlari va <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganizmlar" title="Mikroorganizmlar">mikroblardan</a>, xususan, chili qalampirining ayrim turlariga hujum qiladigan hemipteran va <a href="/wiki/Fuzarium" title="Fuzarium">fusarium</a> qoʻziqorinidan himoya sifatida ishlab chiqariladi<sup id="cite_ref-pnas_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pnas-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Qalampirlar kapsaitsin miqdorini oʻsimlik urugʻlarida qoʻziqorin yirtqichlaridan kelib chiqqan zararga mutanosib ravishda oshiradi<sup id="cite_ref-pnas_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pnas-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oddiy_qalampir">Oddiy qalampir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Oddiy qalampir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Oddiy qalampir"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bhoot_Jolokia_%28_Ghost_Chili_pepper_%29.jpg/220px-Bhoot_Jolokia_%28_Ghost_Chili_pepper_%29.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Fayl:Bhoot_Jolokia_(_Ghost_Chili_pepper_).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bhoot_Jolokia_%28_Ghost_Chili_pepper_%29.jpg/220px-Bhoot_Jolokia_%28_Ghost_Chili_pepper_%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bhoot_Jolokia_%28_Ghost_Chili_pepper_%29.jpg/330px-Bhoot_Jolokia_%28_Ghost_Chili_pepper_%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bhoot_Jolokia_%28_Ghost_Chili_pepper_%29.jpg/440px-Bhoot_Jolokia_%28_Ghost_Chili_pepper_%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2556" data-file-height="2496" /></a><figcaption> Qizil Bhut Jolokia va yashil qushlarning koʻzlari chili</figcaption></figure> <p>Koʻp ishlatiladigan qalampirda keng intensivlik mavjud: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td>Bolgar qalampiri </td> <td>0 SHU </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fresno, jalapeno </td> <td>3500-10000 SHU </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kayenne </td> <td>30 000-50 000 SHU </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Piri-piri" title="Piri-piri">Piri piri</a> </td> <td>50 000-100 000 SHU </td></tr> <tr> <td>Habanero, skotch bonneti, qushning koʻzi </td> <td>100 000-350 000 SHU <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mashhur_issiq_qalampir">Mashhur issiq qalampir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Mashhur issiq qalampir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Mashhur issiq qalampir"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dunyodagi eng issiq 8 ta qalampir (mamlakatlar boʻyicha): </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mamlakat </th> <th>Turi </th> <th>Issiqlik </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qo%CA%BBshma_Shtatlar" title="Qoʻshma Shtatlar"><img alt="Qoʻshma Shtatlar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari </td> <td>Qalampir X </td> <td>3,18M SHU(*) <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uels" title="Uels"><img alt="Uels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> Uels </td> <td>Ajdaho nafasi </td> <td>2,48 million SHU(*) <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qo%CA%BBshma_Shtatlar" title="Qoʻshma Shtatlar"><img alt="Qoʻshma Shtatlar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari </td> <td>Karolina Reaper </td> <td>2,2M SHU <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_va_Tobago" title="Trinidad va Tobago"><img alt="Trinidad va Tobago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> Trinidad va Tobago </td> <td>Trinidad moruga chayon </td> <td>2,0M SHU(*) <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston"><img alt="Hindiston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Hindiston </td> <td>Bhut jolokia (arvoh qalampir) </td> <td>1,58 million SHU <sup id="cite_ref-trinidad_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trinidad-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_va_Tobago" title="Trinidad va Tobago"><img alt="Trinidad va Tobago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> Trinidad va Tobago </td> <td>Trinidad Scorpion Butch T </td> <td>1,463M SHU <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Angliya" title="Angliya"><img alt="Angliya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> Angliya </td> <td>Naga Viper </td> <td>1,4M SHU <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Angliya" title="Angliya"><img alt="Angliya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> Angliya </td> <td>Infinity chili </td> <td>1,2M SHU <sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>QAYD: Yulduzcha (*) bilan belgilangan SHU daʼvolari Ginnesning rekordlar kitobi tomonidan tasdiqlanmagan<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foydalanadi">Foydalanadi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Foydalanadi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Foydalanadi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pazandachilikda_foydalanish">Pazandachilikda foydalanish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Pazandachilikda foydalanish" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Pazandachilikda foydalanish"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Chipotlestipicos.jpg/220px-Chipotlestipicos.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Fayl:Chipotlestipicos.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Chipotlestipicos.jpg/220px-Chipotlestipicos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Chipotlestipicos.jpg/330px-Chipotlestipicos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Chipotlestipicos.jpg/440px-Chipotlestipicos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1404" /></a><figcaption> Tutun bilan quritilgan chipotle</figcaption></figure> <p>Chili qalampir mevalari rezavorlardir. Ular koʻpincha sabzavot kabi tayyorlanadi va isteʼmol qilinadi. Butun mevalar quritilishi va keyin maydalanishi yoki ziravor sifatida ishlatiladigan chili kukuniga aylantirilishi mumkin. Chililarni saqlash muddatini uzaytirish uchun quritish mumkin. Chili qalampirini shoʻrlash, dukkaklarini moyga botirish yoki tuzlash orqali ham saqlash mumkin. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tinolang_Manok.jpg/170px-Tinolang_Manok.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Fayl:Tinolang_Manok.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tinolang_Manok.jpg/220px-Tinolang_Manok.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tinolang_Manok.jpg/330px-Tinolang_Manok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tinolang_Manok.jpg/440px-Tinolang_Manok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="2186" /></a><figcaption> <i>Labuyo</i> chili barglari bilan Filippin <i>tinola</i> tovuq shoʻrva</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chilly_ap.JPG/220px-Chilly_ap.JPG"><img resource="/wiki/Fayl:Chilly_ap.JPG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chilly_ap.JPG/220px-Chilly_ap.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chilly_ap.JPG/330px-Chilly_ap.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chilly_ap.JPG/440px-Chilly_ap.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption> Hindistondagi bozorda chili</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Shrimp.paste-Sambal.Belacan-01.jpg/220px-Shrimp.paste-Sambal.Belacan-01.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Fayl:Shrimp.paste-Sambal.Belacan-01.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Shrimp.paste-Sambal.Belacan-01.jpg/220px-Shrimp.paste-Sambal.Belacan-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Shrimp.paste-Sambal.Belacan-01.jpg/330px-Shrimp.paste-Sambal.Belacan-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Shrimp.paste-Sambal.Belacan-01.jpg/440px-Shrimp.paste-Sambal.Belacan-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption> <i>Sambal</i> — Indoneziya, Malayziya va <a href="/wiki/Singapur_oshxonasi" title="Singapur oshxonasi">Singapur oshxonalarida</a> chili pastasining nomi.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thai_curry_paste_at_the_market_so_good_I_brought_some_home_%283195324838%29.jpg/220px-Thai_curry_paste_at_the_market_so_good_I_brought_some_home_%283195324838%29.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Fayl:Thai_curry_paste_at_the_market_so_good_I_brought_some_home_(3195324838).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thai_curry_paste_at_the_market_so_good_I_brought_some_home_%283195324838%29.jpg/220px-Thai_curry_paste_at_the_market_so_good_I_brought_some_home_%283195324838%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thai_curry_paste_at_the_market_so_good_I_brought_some_home_%283195324838%29.jpg/330px-Thai_curry_paste_at_the_market_so_good_I_brought_some_home_%283195324838%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thai_curry_paste_at_the_market_so_good_I_brought_some_home_%283195324838%29.jpg/440px-Thai_curry_paste_at_the_market_so_good_I_brought_some_home_%283195324838%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption> Tailand kori pastalarida koʻp miqdorda chili mavjud</figcaption></figure> <p>Poblano kabi koʻplab yangi chililarning tashqi poʻstlogʻi qattiq boʻlib, pishirish paytida buzilmaydi. </p><p>Deyarli barcha boshqa <a href="/wiki/Ituzumdoshlar" title="Ituzumdoshlar">Solanaceous</a> ekinlarning barglarida toksinlar boʻlsa-da, chili qalampirida yoʻq.  Bir oz achchiq va mevadek issiqlik beruvchi barglar Filippin oshxonasida <a href="/wiki/Bargli_sabzavotlar" title="Bargli sabzavotlar">koʻkat</a> sifatida ishlatiladi, bu yerda ular <i>dahon ng sili</i> (soʻzma-soʻz „chili barglari“) deb ataladi. Ular tovuq shoʻrvasida ishlatiladi<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Koreys oshxonasida barglar kimchida ishlatilishi mumkin<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Yapon oshxonasida barglar koʻkatlar sifatida foydalaniladi, shuningdek, saqlash uchun <i>tsukudani</i> uslubida pishiriladi. </p><p>Koʻpgina meksika taomlari, shu jumladan chili rellenosidagi butun chilidan foydalanadi. Quritilgan butun chilini maydalashdan oldin qayta tiklash mumkin. Meksikaning shimolidagi <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa" title="Sinaloa">Sinaloa</a> va <a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a> shtatlarida chiltepin qalampiri (yovvoyi qalampir) taomlarga achchiqlik qoʻshish uchun pishloq va shoʻrvalarda ishlatiladi. Meksikaning janubida mol sousi ancho chipotle qalampiri kabi quritilgan chili bilan tayyorlanadi. Chililar salsalarda ishlatiladi. Meksikalik uy xoʻjaliklari odatda chili oʻsimliklarini yetishtiradilar. </p><p>Hindistonda koʻpchilik uy xoʻjaliklari doimo yangi issiq yashil chili zaxirasini saqlaydilar. Odatda taom tayyorlashning dastlabki bosqichlarida yogʻ qalampir bilan ozgina qovuriladi. Hindistonning baʼzi shtatlari, masalan, Rajastanda barcha taomlarni faqat ziravorlar va chili yordamida tayyorlanadi. </p><p>Chili Butanda asosiy meva hisoblanadi. Butanliklar bu hosilni <i>ema</i> (Dzongxada) yoki <i>yakkaxon</i> (Sharchopda) deb atashadi. </p><p>Chili koʻplab oshxonalarda ishlatiladi. Ushbu maqolaning boshqa joylarida aytib oʻtilganlardan tashqari baʼzi diqqatga sazovor chili taomlari orasida arrabbiata sousi, paprikash, mol poblano, <a href="/wiki/Nam-prik" title="Nam-prik">nam phrik</a>, <i>sambal</i> va <a href="/wiki/Som_tam_salati" title="Som tam salati">som tam</a> mavjud. </p><p>Yangi yoki quritilgan chili koʻpincha issiq sousni tayyorlash uchun ishlatiladi. Issiq souslar koʻplab oshxonalarda, jumladan, Shimoliy Afrikadan harissa, Xitoydan chili yogʻi (Yaponiyada rāyu deb nomlanadi) va Tailanddan <a href="/wiki/Siracha" title="Siracha">srirachada uchraydi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manzarali_oʻsimliklar"><span id="Manzarali_o.CA.BBsimliklar"></span>Manzarali oʻsimliklar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manzarali oʻsimliklar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Manzarali oʻsimliklar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rangi va chiroyli tashqi koʻrinishi sababli chili oʻsimliklarini bogʻ uchun dekorativ oʻsimlik sifatida oʻstirish mumkin. </p> <ul><li>Qora marvarid qalampiri : kichik gilos shaklidagi mevalari bor. Barglari jigarrangdan tortib qora rangacha boʻladi<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Black_Pearl_-_Ornamental_Pepper.JPG/330px-Black_Pearl_-_Ornamental_Pepper.JPG"><img alt="Black Pearl Pepper." resource="/wiki/Fayl:Black_Pearl_-_Ornamental_Pepper.JPG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Black_Pearl_-_Ornamental_Pepper.JPG/220px-Black_Pearl_-_Ornamental_Pepper.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Black_Pearl_-_Ornamental_Pepper.JPG/330px-Black_Pearl_-_Ornamental_Pepper.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Black_Pearl_-_Ornamental_Pepper.JPG/440px-Black_Pearl_-_Ornamental_Pepper.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption> Qora marvarid qalampiri</figcaption></figure></li> <li>Qora venger qalampiri: binafsha gullar va binafsharang tomirlarga ega yashil barglar, jalapeno shaklidagi mevalari bor<sup id="cite_ref-seedsbydesign_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seedsbydesign-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Yepiskop toji qalampiri, Rojdestvo bolgar qalampiri: qizil yepiskop toji yoki qizil Rojdestvo qo‘ng‘irog‘iga o‘xshagan uch qirrali shakli tufayli shunday nomlangan<sup id="cite_ref-bishopscrown_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bishopscrown-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topikal_foydalanish_va_sogʻliqni_saqlash_tadqiqotlari"><span id="Topikal_foydalanish_va_sog.CA.BBliqni_saqlash_tadqiqotlari"></span>Topikal foydalanish va sogʻliqni saqlash tadqiqotlari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Topikal foydalanish va sogʻliqni saqlash tadqiqotlari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Topikal foydalanish va sogʻliqni saqlash tadqiqotlari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chili qalampiri tarkibidagi oʻtkir kimyoviy kapsaitsin ogʻriqni yoʻqotish uchun topikal malhamlar, burun spreylari va teri yamoqlarida <a href="/wiki/Analgetiklar" class="mw-redirect" title="Analgetiklar">analgetik</a> sifatida ishlatiladi<sup id="cite_ref-fattori_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fattori-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 2022-yilgi dastlabki tadqiqotlarni koʻrib chiqish shuni koʻrsatdiki, chili qalampirini muntazam isteʼmol qilish yurak- qon tomir kasalliklari va <a href="/wiki/Saraton_(kasallik)" title="Saraton (kasallik)">saraton kasalligidan</a> oʻlim xavfini kamaytirishi mumkin<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kimyoviy_tirnash_xususiyati_beruvchi_moddalar">Kimyoviy tirnash xususiyati beruvchi moddalar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Kimyoviy tirnash xususiyati beruvchi moddalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Kimyoviy tirnash xususiyati beruvchi moddalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chilidan olingan kapsaitsin qalampir purkagichlarida va baʼzi koʻzdan yosh oqizuvchi gazlarni tayyorlashda ishlatiladi. Bu buyumlar itoatsiz shaxslar yoki olomonni nazorat qilish uchun kamroq zarar beradigan qurol sifatida ishlatiladi<sup id="cite_ref-haar_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haar-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Bunday mahsulotlar notoʻgʻri foydalanish shikastlanish yoki oʻlimga olib kelishi mumkin<sup id="cite_ref-haar_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haar-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekinlarni_himoya_qilish">Ekinlarni himoya qilish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Ekinlarni himoya qilish" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Ekinlarni himoya qilish"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Afrika va <a href="/wiki/Osiyo_mamlakatlari_ro%CA%BByxati" class="mw-redirect" title="Osiyo mamlakatlari roʻyxati">Osiyo</a> mamlakatlarida dehqonlar va fillar oʻrtasidagi nizolar uzoq vaqtdan beri keng tarqalgan boʻlib, u yerda fillar tunda ekinlarni yoʻq qiladi, don uylariga bostirib kirishadi va baʼzan odamlarni oʻldiradi. Fermerlar chilidan fillarga qarshi foydalana boshladilar. Fillar kapsaitsinni yoqtirmaydi. Fillar katta, sezgir burunga ega boʻlgani sababli, chili hidi ularga noqulaylik tugʻdiradi. Qimmatbaho ekinlar atrofida bir necha qator meva ekib, dehqonlar fillar oʻta olmaydigan bufer zonasini yaratadilar. Buning uchun chili goʻng bombalari ham qoʻllanadi. Bu goʻng va chilini aralashtirishdan yasalgan gʻishtdir. Bomba yondirilganda zararli tutun hosil qiladi, bu och fillarni dehqonlarning dalalaridan uzoqlashtiradi. Bu odamlar va fillar oʻrtasidagi xavfli jismoniy qarama-qarshilikni kamaytirishi mumkin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oziq-ovqat_himoyasi">Oziq-ovqat himoyasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Oziq-ovqat himoyasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Oziq-ovqat himoyasi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Qushlar kapsaitsinga nisbatan bir xil sezuvchanlikka ega emas. Chili qalampiri qushlar tomonidan isteʼmol qilinadi, bu chili qalampirida urugʻlarning tarqalishiga hissa qoʻshishi mumkin, chunki uchayotgan qush urugʻlarni ota-ona oʻsimlikidan oʻtib, undan uzoqroqqa yoyishi mumkin. Ovqat hazm qilish tizimi har qanday quruqlikda yoki daraxtda yashovchi sutemizuvchilarga qaraganda bir xil sharoitlarda buni amalga oshirishi mumkin, bu esa resurslar uchun raqobatni kamaytiradi<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ozuqa_qiymati">Ozuqa qiymati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Ozuqa qiymati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Ozuqa qiymati"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>  Qizil tarkibida qalampir 88 % suv, 9 % <a href="/wiki/Uglevodlar" title="Uglevodlar">uglevodlar</a>, 2 % protein va 0,4 % yogʻ (stol) bor. Chili qalampirining 100 grammida 40 <a href="/wiki/Kaloriya" title="Kaloriya">kaloriya mavjud</a> va <a href="/wiki/Askorbin_kislota" title="Askorbin kislota">S</a> <a href="/wiki/Piridoksin" title="Piridoksin">vitamini va <sub>B6</sub></a> vitaminining boy manbaidir (stol). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Imlo_va_foydalanish">Imlo va foydalanish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Imlo va foydalanish" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Imlo va foydalanish"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uchta imlo <i>chili</i>, <i>chile</i> va <i>chilli</i> boʻlib, ularning hammasi lugʻatlar tomonidan tan olingan. </p> <ul><li><i>Chili</i> Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari va Kanadaning ingliz tilida keng qoʻllanadi<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Biroq, u odatda chili con carne (soʻzma-soʻz „goʻshtli chili“) ning qisqa nomi sifatida ishlatiladi<sup id="cite_ref-MW_chili_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW_chili-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> goʻshtlarning koʻpchiligi chili kukuni bilan ziravorlanadi, bu esa oʻz navbatida toza quritilgan, maydalangan chili qalampiriga ishora qilishi mumkin.</li> <li><i>Chile</i> Meksikada va boshqa Lotin Amerikasi mamlakatlarida<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, shuningdek, Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari va Kanadaning baʼzi qismlarida eng keng tarqalgan ispan imlosida oʻsimlik va uning mevasini bildiradi. Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlarining janubi-gʻarbiy qismida (ayniqsa, Nyu-Meksikoda) <i>chili</i> bu mevadan tayyorlangan qalin, achchiq, sirkasiz sousni bildiradi.</li> <li><i>Chilli</i><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> uchun <a href="/wiki/Atstek_tili" title="Atstek tili">Náhuatl tilidagi</a> soʻzning asl <a href="/wiki/Romanizatsiya" title="Romanizatsiya">romanizatsiyalashtirilgani</a> boʻlgan va <i>Oksford inglizcha lugʻatiga</i> koʻra afzal qilingan ingliz imlosi boʻlib, u shuningdek, <i>chili</i> va <i>chili</i> variantlari sifatida roʻyxatga olingan<sup id="cite_ref-OED1933_chilli_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED1933_chilli-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <i>Chilli</i> (va uning koʻplik <i>chillilari</i>) Hindiston,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shri-Lanka,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Avstraliya, Malayziya, Yangi Zelandiya, Pokiston, Singapur va Janubiy Afrikada eng keng tarqalgan imlo.</li></ul> <p><i>Qalampir</i> dastlab <i>Capsicum</i> emas, balki <i>Piper</i> turkumiga kiritilgan boʻlsa-da, ikkinchisi ingliz lugʻatlarida, jumladan <i>Oksford inglizcha lugʻatida</i><sup id="cite_ref-OED1913_pepper_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED1913_pepper-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> va Merriam-Websterda mavjud. <i>Qalampir</i> soʻzi botanika va pazandachilik sohalarida turli turdagi oʻtkir oʻsimliklar va ularning mevalari nomida ham keng qoʻllanadi<sup id="cite_ref-OED1913_pepper_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED1913_pepper-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xavfsizlik">Xavfsizlik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Xavfsizlik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Xavfsizlik"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Achchiq qalampirdagi <a href="/wiki/Efir_moylari" title="Efir moylari">efir moyi</a> terida qichishish xususiyatini keltirib chiqarishi mumkin, bu esa qoʻl yuvish va koʻzlarga yoki tananing har qanday nozik qismlariga teginishda ehtiyot boʻlishni talab qiladi<sup id="cite_ref-bhg_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bhg-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Achchiq qalampirni isteʼmol qilish oshqozon ogʻrigʻi, <a href="/wiki/Giperventilyatsiya" title="Giperventilyatsiya">giperventiliya</a>, terlash, <a href="/wiki/Qusish" title="Qusish">qusishga</a> olib kelishi mumkin<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 73.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 71.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Habanero_closeup_edit2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Habanero qalampiri"><img alt="Habanero qalampiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Habanero_closeup_edit2.jpg/107px-Habanero_closeup_edit2.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Habanero_closeup_edit2.jpg/160px-Habanero_closeup_edit2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Habanero_closeup_edit2.jpg/214px-Habanero_closeup_edit2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Habanero" title="Habanero">Habanero</a> qalampiri</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Buds_and_flowers_of_chili_plants.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kurtaklar va gullar"><img alt="Kurtaklar va gullar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Buds_and_flowers_of_chili_plants.jpg/300px-Buds_and_flowers_of_chili_plants.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Buds_and_flowers_of_chili_plants.jpg/450px-Buds_and_flowers_of_chili_plants.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Buds_and_flowers_of_chili_plants.jpg/600px-Buds_and_flowers_of_chili_plants.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1844" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kurtaklar va gullar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 217.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Chili_pepper.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dalada pishmagan chili"><img alt="Dalada pishmagan chili" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chili_pepper.jpg/323px-Chili_pepper.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chili_pepper.jpg/484px-Chili_pepper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chili_pepper.jpg/645px-Chili_pepper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1061" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dalada pishmagan chili</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Shan_Hills,_Myanmar,_Red_chili_pepper_plant.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dalada pishgan chili, Myanma"><img alt="Dalada pishgan chili, Myanma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shan_Hills%2C_Myanmar%2C_Red_chili_pepper_plant.jpg/321px-Shan_Hills%2C_Myanmar%2C_Red_chili_pepper_plant.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shan_Hills%2C_Myanmar%2C_Red_chili_pepper_plant.jpg/481px-Shan_Hills%2C_Myanmar%2C_Red_chili_pepper_plant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shan_Hills%2C_Myanmar%2C_Red_chili_pepper_plant.jpg/641px-Shan_Hills%2C_Myanmar%2C_Red_chili_pepper_plant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dalada pishgan chili, Myanma</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Black_pearl_cultivar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qora marvarid navi"><img alt="Qora marvarid navi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Black_pearl_cultivar.jpg/135px-Black_pearl_cultivar.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Black_pearl_cultivar.jpg/202px-Black_pearl_cultivar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Black_pearl_cultivar.jpg/269px-Black_pearl_cultivar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="709" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Qora marvarid navi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Cubanelle_Peppers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kubanel qalampiri"><img alt="Kubanel qalampiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cubanelle_Peppers.jpg/240px-Cubanelle_Peppers.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cubanelle_Peppers.jpg/359px-Cubanelle_Peppers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cubanelle_Peppers.jpg/479px-Cubanelle_Peppers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="481" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kubanel qalampiri</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Chilli_paper_bd.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Urugʻlar bilan pishgan chili qalampiri"><img alt="Urugʻlar bilan pishgan chili qalampiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Chilli_paper_bd.jpg/320px-Chilli_paper_bd.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Chilli_paper_bd.jpg/479px-Chilli_paper_bd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Chilli_paper_bd.jpg/639px-Chilli_paper_bd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3424" data-file-height="1931" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Urugʻlar bilan pishgan chili qalampiri</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 171.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 169.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:HotPeppersinMarket.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karib dengizi bozorida skotch bonnet chili qalampiri"><img alt="Karib dengizi bozorida skotch bonnet chili qalampiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/HotPeppersinMarket.jpg/254px-HotPeppersinMarket.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/HotPeppersinMarket.jpg/380px-HotPeppersinMarket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/HotPeppersinMarket.jpg/507px-HotPeppersinMarket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="568" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Karib dengizi bozorida skotch bonnet chili qalampiri</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Chillies_drying_in_Kathmandu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Katmandu, Nepalda quritilgan chili qalampiri"><img alt="Katmandu, Nepalda quritilgan chili qalampiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Chillies_drying_in_Kathmandu.jpg/276px-Chillies_drying_in_Kathmandu.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Chillies_drying_in_Kathmandu.jpg/414px-Chillies_drying_in_Kathmandu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Chillies_drying_in_Kathmandu.jpg/552px-Chillies_drying_in_Kathmandu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="773" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Katmandu, Nepalda quritilgan chili qalampiri</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Mujer_chiles_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="San-Pedro Atokpanda quritilgan chilidan tomirlar va urugʻlarni olib tashlash"><img alt="San-Pedro Atokpanda quritilgan chilidan tomirlar va urugʻlarni olib tashlash" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mujer_chiles_3.JPG/135px-Mujer_chiles_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mujer_chiles_3.JPG/202px-Mujer_chiles_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mujer_chiles_3.JPG/270px-Mujer_chiles_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Pedro_Atocpan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Pedro Atocpan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">San-Pedro Atokpanda</a> quritilgan chilidan tomirlar va urugʻlarni olib tashlash</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:2014_Dried_chilli_flakes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Quritilgan qalampir parchalari va yangi chili"><img alt="Quritilgan qalampir parchalari va yangi chili" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/2014_Dried_chilli_flakes.jpg/180px-2014_Dried_chilli_flakes.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/2014_Dried_chilli_flakes.jpg/270px-2014_Dried_chilli_flakes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/2014_Dried_chilli_flakes.jpg/360px-2014_Dried_chilli_flakes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Quritilgan qalampir parchalari va yangi chili</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Chili_pepper_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Iordaniyaning Amman shahridagi anʼanaviy restoranda chili qalampiri"><img alt="Iordaniyaning Amman shahridagi anʼanaviy restoranda chili qalampiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Chili_pepper_01.JPG/272px-Chili_pepper_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Chili_pepper_01.JPG/408px-Chili_pepper_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Chili_pepper_01.JPG/544px-Chili_pepper_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Iordaniyaning Amman shahridagi anʼanaviy restoranda chili qalampiri</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Phrik_haeng.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Quritilgan Tailand qush koʻzlari chili"><img alt="Quritilgan Tailand qush koʻzlari chili" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Phrik_haeng.jpg/180px-Phrik_haeng.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Phrik_haeng.jpg/270px-Phrik_haeng.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Phrik_haeng.jpg/360px-Phrik_haeng.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Quritilgan Tailand <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bird%27s_eye_chili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bird's eye chili (sahifa yaratilmagan)">qush koʻzlari chili</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Aesthetic_green_Chillies.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Yashil qalampir"><img alt="Yashil qalampir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Aesthetic_green_Chillies.JPG/321px-Aesthetic_green_Chillies.JPG" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Aesthetic_green_Chillies.JPG/481px-Aesthetic_green_Chillies.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Aesthetic_green_Chillies.JPG/641px-Aesthetic_green_Chillies.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="2896" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yashil qalampir</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Andhra_Chillies.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guntur chilli quyoshda quritilmoqda, Andxra-Pradesh, Hindiston"><img alt="Guntur chilli quyoshda quritilmoqda, Andxra-Pradesh, Hindiston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Andhra_Chillies.jpg/270px-Andhra_Chillies.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Andhra_Chillies.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="247" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guntur_chilli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guntur chilli (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Guntur chilli</a> quyoshda quritilmoqda, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andxra-Pradesh</a>, Hindiston</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Sundried_chilli.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imogiri shahrida quritilgan chili"><img alt="Imogiri shahrida quritilgan chili" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sundried_chilli.jpg/126px-Sundried_chilli.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sundried_chilli.jpg/189px-Sundried_chilli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sundried_chilli.jpg/253px-Sundried_chilli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1641" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imogiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imogiri (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Imogiri</a> shahrida quritilgan chili</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Red_chili_peppers_Mesilla_NM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nyu-Meksiko chililari Nyu-Meksiko shtatining Mesilla shahridagi zavodda quritilgan"><img alt="Nyu-Meksiko chililari Nyu-Meksiko shtatining Mesilla shahridagi zavodda quritilgan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Red_chili_peppers_Mesilla_NM.jpg/240px-Red_chili_peppers_Mesilla_NM.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Red_chili_peppers_Mesilla_NM.jpg/359px-Red_chili_peppers_Mesilla_NM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Red_chili_peppers_Mesilla_NM.jpg/479px-Red_chili_peppers_Mesilla_NM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2881" data-file-height="2166" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Mexico_chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Mexico chile (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Nyu-Meksiko chililari Nyu-Meksiko</a> shtatining <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesilla,_New_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesilla, New Mexico (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Mesilla shahridagi</a> zavodda quritilgan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 81.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 79.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:A_bottle_of_chili_pepper_wine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Virjiniyadan chili qalampir sharobi"><img alt="Virjiniyadan chili qalampir sharobi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/A_bottle_of_chili_pepper_wine.jpg/119px-A_bottle_of_chili_pepper_wine.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/A_bottle_of_chili_pepper_wine.jpg/178px-A_bottle_of_chili_pepper_wine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/A_bottle_of_chili_pepper_wine.jpg/237px-A_bottle_of_chili_pepper_wine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1493" data-file-height="2262" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Virjiniyadan chili qalampir sharobi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 81.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 79.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Ristras_Drying.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arizonada quritilgan chili qalampiri"><img alt="Chili peppers drying in hanging ristras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ristras_Drying.jpg/119px-Ristras_Drying.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ristras_Drying.jpg/179px-Ristras_Drying.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ristras_Drying.jpg/239px-Ristras_Drying.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizonada</a> quritilgan chili qalampiri</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:White_flower_of_chili_paper_plant.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kechasi chili qogʻozining oq guli"><img alt="Kechasi chili qogʻozining oq guli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/White_flower_of_chili_paper_plant.jpg/135px-White_flower_of_chili_paper_plant.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/White_flower_of_chili_paper_plant.jpg/202px-White_flower_of_chili_paper_plant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/White_flower_of_chili_paper_plant.jpg/270px-White_flower_of_chili_paper_plant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kechasi chili qogʻozining oq guli</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Pimientos_choriceros.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Choricero qalampiri"><img alt="Choricero qalampiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pimientos_choriceros.jpg/120px-Pimientos_choriceros.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pimientos_choriceros.jpg/180px-Pimientos_choriceros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pimientos_choriceros.jpg/240px-Pimientos_choriceros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choricero_peppers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choricero peppers (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Choricero qalampiri</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 154.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 152.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Chilli_pickle_in_a_plate_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hindistonda tuzlangan chili"><img alt="Hindistonda tuzlangan chili" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Chilli_pickle_in_a_plate_2.jpg/229px-Chilli_pickle_in_a_plate_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Chilli_pickle_in_a_plate_2.jpg/344px-Chilli_pickle_in_a_plate_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Chilli_pickle_in_a_plate_2.jpg/459px-Chilli_pickle_in_a_plate_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2513" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hindistonda tuzlangan chili</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Chili_peppers_cultivated_in_Myanmar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Myanmada etishtirilgan chili qalampiri"><img alt="Myanmada etishtirilgan chili qalampiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Chili_peppers_cultivated_in_Myanmar.jpg/135px-Chili_peppers_cultivated_in_Myanmar.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Chili_peppers_cultivated_in_Myanmar.jpg/202px-Chili_peppers_cultivated_in_Myanmar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Chili_peppers_cultivated_in_Myanmar.jpg/270px-Chili_peppers_cultivated_in_Myanmar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Myanmada etishtirilgan chili qalampiri</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Inle_Lake,_Dried_red_chili_(chilli)_pepper,_Capsicum_annuum,_Myanmar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Quritilgan chili qalampir parchalari, Myanma"><img alt="Quritilgan chili qalampir parchalari, Myanma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Inle_Lake%2C_Dried_red_chili_%28chilli%29_pepper%2C_Capsicum_annuum%2C_Myanmar.jpg/240px-Inle_Lake%2C_Dried_red_chili_%28chilli%29_pepper%2C_Capsicum_annuum%2C_Myanmar.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Inle_Lake%2C_Dried_red_chili_%28chilli%29_pepper%2C_Capsicum_annuum%2C_Myanmar.jpg/360px-Inle_Lake%2C_Dried_red_chili_%28chilli%29_pepper%2C_Capsicum_annuum%2C_Myanmar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Inle_Lake%2C_Dried_red_chili_%28chilli%29_pepper%2C_Capsicum_annuum%2C_Myanmar.jpg/480px-Inle_Lake%2C_Dried_red_chili_%28chilli%29_pepper%2C_Capsicum_annuum%2C_Myanmar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Quritilgan chili qalampir parchalari, Myanma</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 123.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 121.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Green-chillies.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shimoliy Hindistondan yashil chilli. Ular koʻplab hind taomlarida ziravor sifatida ishlatiladi."><img alt="Shimoliy Hindistondan yashil chilli. Ular koʻplab hind taomlarida ziravor sifatida ishlatiladi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Green-chillies.jpg/182px-Green-chillies.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Green-chillies.jpg/273px-Green-chillies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Green-chillies.jpg/364px-Green-chillies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shimoliy Hindistondan yashil chilli. Ular koʻplab hind taomlarida ziravor sifatida ishlatiladi.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/et-sunday-magazine/indian-chilli-displacing-jalapenos-in-global-cuisine/articleshow/8190311.cms">„Indian chilli displacing jalapenos in global cuisine“</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Economic_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Economic Times (sahifa yaratilmagan)">The Economic Times</a></i> (2011-yil 8-may).</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/rhodcv/hort410/pepper/pe00001.htm">„HORT410. Peppers – Notes“</a></span>.  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Purdue_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purdue University (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Purdue University</a> Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture. — „Common name: pepper. Latin name: Capsicum annuum L. ... Harvested organ: fruit. Fruit varies substantially in shape, pericarp thickness, color and pungency.“. 2018-yil 26-dekabrda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226060452/https://hort.purdue.edu/rhodcv/hort410/pepper/pe00001.htm%0A%20">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2009-yil 20-oktyabr.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation">Mishan, Ligaya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/18/t-magazine/hot-chiles-pepper-spice.html">„How The Chili Became Hot“</a>. The New York Times. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 1-oktyabr.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pickersgill-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pickersgill_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pickersgill_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">"Relationships Between Weedy and Cultivated Forms in Some Species of Chili Peppers (Genus Capsicum)". <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i> <b>25</b> (4): 683–691. December 1971. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1558-5646.1971.tb01926.x">10.1111/j.1558-5646.1971.tb01926.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28564789">28564789</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Relationships+Between+Weedy+and+Cultivated+Forms+in+Some+Species+of+Chili+Peppers+%28Genus+Capsicum%29&rft.jtitle=Evolution%3B+International+Journal+of+Organic+Evolution&rft.date=December+1971&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=683%E2%80%93691&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1558-5646.1971.tb01926.x&rft_id=info:pmid/28564789&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chiou-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chiou_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chiou_5-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43305668">"A Systematic Approach to Species-Level Identification of Chile Pepper (Capsicum spp.) Seeds: Establishing the Groundwork for Tracking the Domestication and Movement of Chile Peppers through the Americas and Beyond"</a>. <i>Economic Botany</i> (New York Botanical Garden Press) <b>68</b> (3): 316–336. 16 December 2014. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12231-014-9279-2">10.1007/s12231-014-9279-2</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43305668">https://www.jstor.org/stable/43305668</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Qaraldi: 11 February 2022</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Systematic+Approach+to+Species-Level+Identification+of+Chile+Pepper+%28Capsicum+spp.%29+Seeds%3A+Establishing+the+Groundwork+for+Tracking+the+Domestication+and+Movement+of+Chile+Peppers+through+the+Americas+and+Beyond&rft.jtitle=Economic+Botany&rft.date=16+December+2014&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=316%E2%80%93336&rft.pub=New+York+Botanical+Garden+Press&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12231-014-9279-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43305668&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>Chili qalampiri]]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kraft_2014-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kraft_2014_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kraft_2014_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4035960">"Multiple lines of evidence for the origin of domesticated chili pepper, Capsicum annuum, in Mexico"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i> <b>111</b> (17): 6165–6170. April 2014. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1308933111">10.1073/pnas.1308933111</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24753581">24753581</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4035960/?tool=pmcentrez">4035960</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4035960</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Multiple+lines+of+evidence+for+the+origin+of+domesticated+chili+pepper%2C+Capsicum+annuum%2C+in+Mexico&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.date=April+2014&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=6165%E2%80%936170&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.1308933111&rft_id=info:pmid/24753581&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D4035960&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fao2019-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fao2019_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC">„Green chili production in 2019; Crops/World Regions/Production Quantity/Green Chillies and Peppers from pick lists“</a></span>.  UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Statistics Division (FAOSTAT) (2021). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 12-dekabr.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bosland-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bosland_8-0">8,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bosland_8-1">8,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bosland_8-2">8,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bosland_8-3">8,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> „<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1996/V3-479.html">Capsicums: Innovative uses of an ancient crop</a>“, <i>Progress in New Crops</i>. Arlington, VA: ASHS Press, 1998 — 479–487-bet.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Progress+in+New+Crops&rft.atitle=Capsicums%3A+Innovative+uses+of+an+ancient+crop&rft.date=1998&rft.pub=ASHS+Press&rft.place=Arlington%2C+VA&rft.pages=479%E2%80%93487"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-04/uoc--bot041614.php">„Birthplace of the domesticated chili pepper identified in Mexico“</a></span>.  EurekaAlert, <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science (sahifa yaratilmagan)">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a> (2014-yil 21-aprel).</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Carrizo García, Carolina; Barfuss, Michael H. J.; Sehr, Eva M.; Barboza, Gloria E.; Samuel, Rosabelle; Moscone, Eduardo A.; Ehrendorfer, Friedrich (July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4934398">"Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers ( Capsicum, Solanaceae)"</a> (en). <i>Annals of Botany</i> <b>118</b> (1): 35–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Faob%2Fmcw079">10.1093/aob/mcw079</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0305-7364">0305-7364</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27245634">27245634</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4934398/?tool=pmcentrez">4934398</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4934398</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+relationships%2C+diversification+and+expansion+of+chili+peppers+%28+Capsicum%2C+Solanaceae%29&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Botany&rft.aulast=Carrizo+Garc%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=Carolina&rft.au=Carrizo+Garc%C3%ADa%2C%26%2332%3BCarolina&rft.au=Barfuss%2C%26%2332%3BMichael+H.+J.&rft.au=Sehr%2C%26%2332%3BEva+M.&rft.au=Barboza%2C%26%2332%3BGloria+E.&rft.au=Samuel%2C%26%2332%3BRosabelle&rft.au=Moscone%2C%26%2332%3BEduardo+A.&rft.au=Ehrendorfer%2C%26%2332%3BFriedrich&rft.date=July+2016&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=35%E2%80%9351&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Faob%2Fmcw079&rft_id=info:pmid/27245634&rft.issn=0305-7364&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D4934398&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-van-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-van_11-0">11,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-van_11-1">11,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4581705">"Screening Genetic Resources of Capsicum Peppers in Their Primary Center of Diversity in Bolivia and Peru"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i> <b>10</b> (9): e0134663. 2015. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0134663">10.1371/journal.pone.0134663</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26402618">26402618</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4581705/?tool=pmcentrez">4581705</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4581705</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Screening+Genetic+Resources+of+Capsicum+Peppers+in+Their+Primary+Center+of+Diversity+in+Bolivia+and+Peru&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.date=2015&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=e0134663&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0134663&rft_id=info:pmid/26402618&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D4581705&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cabi_2000-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cabi_2000_12-0">12,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cabi_2000_12-1">12,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ESCNZMvMAYAC">Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums</a></i> (en). New York City: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Agriculture_and_Bioscience_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (sahifa yaratilmagan)">CABI</a>, 2000 — 1-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780851993355" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780851993355">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">9780851993355</span></a>. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 29-noyabr.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peppers%3A+Vegetable+and+Spice+Capsicums&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=%5B%5BCentre+for+Agriculture+and+Bioscience+International%7CCABI%5D%5D&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=1 &rft.isbn=9780851993355&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DESCNZMvMAYAC"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/currytaleofcooks00coll">Curry</a></i>. Oxford University Press, February 2006. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-09-943786-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-09-943786-4">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-09-943786-4</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Curry&rft.date=February+2006&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-09-943786-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcurrytaleofcooks00coll"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-E.V.Nybe2007-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-E.V.Nybe2007_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HHs6ANrJ-MEC&pg=PA107">Spices</a></i>. New India Publishing, 1 January 2007 — 107–-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-81-89422-44-8" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-81-89422-44-8">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-81-89422-44-8</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spices&rft.date=1+January+2007&rft.pub=New+India+Publishing&rft.pages=107%E2%80%93 &rft.isbn=978-81-89422-44-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHHs6ANrJ-MEC%26pg%3DPA107"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-forbes-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-forbes_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnmcquaid/2015/02/20/whats-driving-the-global-chili-pepper-craze/#367c71eb7e0d">„What's driving the global chili pepper craze?“</a></span>. <i>Forbes Media</i> (2015-yil 20-fevral). Qaraldi: 2019-yil 25-may.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fao2020-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fao2020_16-0">16,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fao2020_16-1">16,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC">„Green chili production in 2020; Crops/World Regions/Production Quantity/Green Chillies and Peppers from pick lists“</a></span>.  UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Statistics Division (FAOSTAT) (2022). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 17-may.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-springer_2013-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-springer_2013_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p9MKNopksAgC">Conservation of tropical plant species</a></i> (en). New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springer Science+Business Media (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Springer</a>, 2013 — 397-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9781461437758" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9781461437758">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">9781461437758</span></a>. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 28-noyabr.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conservation+of+tropical+plant+species&rft.date=2013&rft.pub=%5B%5BSpringer+Science%2BBusiness+Media%7CSpringer%5D%5D&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=397 &rft.isbn=9781461437758&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp9MKNopksAgC"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">"Studies on the pungent principles of red pepper. Part VIII. On the chemical constitutions of the pungent principles." (English). <i>Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi</i> <b>35</b>: 923–927. 1961. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1271%2Fnogeikagaku1924.35.10_923">10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.35.10_923</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+pungent+principles+of+red+pepper.+Part+VIII.+On+the+chemical+constitutions+of+the+pungent+principles.&rft.jtitle=Nippon+Nogeikagaku+Kaishi&rft.date=1961&rft.volume=35&rft.pages=923%E2%80%93927&rft_id=info:doi/10.1271%2Fnogeikagaku1924.35.10_923&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">"Studies on the pungent principles of red pepper. Part XI. Determination and contents of the two pungent" (Japanese). <i>J. Agric. Chem. Soc. Japan</i> <b>36</b>: 251–254. 1962.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+pungent+principles+of+red+pepper.+Part+XI.+Determination+and+contents+of+the+two+pungent&rft.jtitle=J.+Agric.+Chem.+Soc.+Japan&rft.date=1962&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=251%E2%80%93254&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">"Water Deficit Affects the Accumulation of Capsaicinoids in Fruits of Capsicum chinense Jacq." (en). <i>HortScience</i> <b>46</b> (3): 487–492. 1 March 2011. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.21273%2FHORTSCI.46.3.487">10.21273/HORTSCI.46.3.487</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0018-5345">0018-5345</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Water+Deficit+Affects+the+Accumulation+of+Capsaicinoids+in+Fruits+of+Capsicum+chinense+Jacq.&rft.jtitle=HortScience&rft.date=1+March+2011&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=487%E2%80%93492&rft_id=info:doi/10.21273%2FHORTSCI.46.3.487&rft.issn=0018-5345&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oneill-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-oneill_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3462993">"Unravelling the mystery of capsaicin: a tool to understand and treat pain"</a>. <i>Pharmacological Reviews</i> <b>64</b> (4): 939–971. October 2012. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1124%2Fpr.112.006163">10.1124/pr.112.006163</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23023032">23023032</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3462993/?tool=pmcentrez">3462993</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3462993</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Unravelling+the+mystery+of+capsaicin%3A+a+tool+to+understand+and+treat+pain&rft.jtitle=Pharmacological+Reviews&rft.date=October+2012&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=939%E2%80%93971&rft_id=info:doi/10.1124%2Fpr.112.006163&rft_id=info:pmid/23023032&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D3462993&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tabasco.com/info_booth/faq/scoville_how.cfm">„History of the Scoville Scale | FAQS“</a></span>.  Tabasco.Com. 2010-yil 23-avgustda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100823044606/http://www.tabasco.com/info_booth/faq/scoville_how.cfm">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2010-yil 23-dekabr.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pnas-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pnas_23-0">23,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pnas_23-1">23,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2575311">"Evolutionary ecology of pungency in wild chilies"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i> <b>105</b> (33): 11808–11811. August 2008. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0802691105">10.1073/pnas.0802691105</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18695236">18695236</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2575311/?tool=pmcentrez">2575311</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2575311</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evolutionary+ecology+of+pungency+in+wild+chilies&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.date=August+2008&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=33&rft.pages=11808%E2%80%9311811&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.0802691105&rft_id=info:pmid/18695236&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D2575311&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homecooking.about.com/library/weekly/blhotchiles.htm">„Chile Pepper Heat Scoville Scale“</a></span>.  Homecooking.about.com (2000-yil 11-oktyabr). 2012-yil 26-fevralda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120226211137/http://homecooking.about.com/library/weekly/blhotchiles.htm">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 19-oktyabr.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/sns-dailymeal-1812885-pepper-x-worlds-hottest-pepper-hot-sauce-92317-20170923-story.html">„Pepper X is the new hottest pepper in the world“</a></span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Los Angeles Times (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Los Angeles Times</a></i> (2017-yil 23-sentyabr).</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/nature/the-hottest-chilli-in-the-world-was-created-in-wales-accidentally.aspx">„The Hottest Chilli in the World was Created in Wales Accidentally“</a></span>. <i>National Geographic</i> (2018-yil 22-yanvar). 2018-yil 18-fevralda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180218091449/http://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/nature/the-hottest-chilli-in-the-world-was-created-in-wales-accidentally.aspx">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 17-fevral.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2013/11/confirmed-smokin-eds-carolina-reaper-sets-new-record-for-hottest-chilli-53033/">„Confirmed: Smokin Ed's Carolina Reaper sets new record for hottest chilli“</a></span>.  Guinness World Records (2013-yil 19-noyabr). Qaraldi: 2014-yil 8-noyabr.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.yahoo.com/trinidad-moruga-scorpion-wins-hottest-pepper-title-015457622.html">„Trinidad Moruga Scorpion wins hottest pepper title“</a></span>. <i>Yahoo! News</i> (2012-yil 16-fevral). 2012-yil 1-aprelda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120401082127/http://news.yahoo.com/trinidad-moruga-scorpion-wins-hottest-pepper-title-015457622.html">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 11-may.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trinidad-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-trinidad_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yourlife.usatoday.com/fitness-food/story/2012-03-11/Chile-Pepper-Institute-studies-whats-hot/53490214/1">„Chile Pepper Institute studies what's hot“</a>. <i>Your life</i>. USA Today (2012-yil 11-mart). 2012-yil 14-martda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314210249/http://yourlife.usatoday.com/fitness-food/story/2012-03-11/Chile-Pepper-Institute-studies-whats-hot/53490214/1">arxivlangan</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/journal/aussies-grow-worlds-hottest-chilli.htm">„Aussies grow world's hottest chilli“</a></span>. <i>Australian Geographic</i> (2011-yil 12-aprel). 2011-yil 28-oktyabrda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028152226/http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/journal/aussies-grow-worlds-hottest-chilli.htm">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2011-yil 12-aprel.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/title-of-worlds-hottest-chili-pepper-stolen--again-2225925.html">„Title of world's hottest chili pepper stolen – again“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> (2011-yil 25-fevral). Qaraldi: 2011-yil 27-fevral.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12505344">„"Record-breaking" chilli is hot news“</a>. <i>BBC News</i> (2011-yil 19-fevral). Qaraldi: 2011-yil 20-fevral.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/">„Home“</a></span>. <i>Guinness World Records</i>.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribo.org/">„Dahon ng Sili (Chili pepper leaves)“</a></span>. <i>Tribo ความสุขบนเตียง</i>. 2007-yil 12-martda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312093900/http://www.tribo.org/vegetables/dahongsili.html">arxivlangan</a>.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sfood.info/cuisine/kimchi/k35.htm">„Vitamin Rich Chili pepper Leaf Kimchi“</a></span>. <i>Ssoft International Corporation</i>. 2009-yil 14-noyabrda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091114231725/http://sfood.info/cuisine/kimchi/k35.htm">arxivlangan</a>.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seedsbydesign-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-seedsbydesign_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seedsbydesign.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=1478&Itemid=42">„Chilies as Ornamental Plants“</a></span>. <i>Seedsbydesign</i>. 2013-yil 15-mayda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515183915/http://www.seedsbydesign.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=1478&Itemid=42">arxivlangan</a>.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bishopscrown-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bishopscrown_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cayennediane.com/peppers/bishops-crown-pepper/">„Bishop's crown pepper, image“</a></span>. <i>CayenneDiane.com</i>.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fattori-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fattori_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6273101">"Capsaicin: Current Understanding of Its Mechanisms and Therapy of Pain and Other Pre-Clinical and Clinical Uses"</a>. <i>Molecules</i> <b>21</b> (7): 844. June 2016. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fmolecules21070844">10.3390/molecules21070844</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27367653">27367653</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273101/?tool=pmcentrez">6273101</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6273101</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Capsaicin%3A+Current+Understanding+of+Its+Mechanisms+and+Therapy+of+Pain+and+Other+Pre-Clinical+and+Clinical+Uses&rft.jtitle=Molecules&rft.date=June+2016&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=844&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fmolecules21070844&rft_id=info:pmid/27367653&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D6273101&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=8688560">"Association of pepper intake with all-cause and specific cause mortality - A systematic review and meta-analysis"</a>. <i>American Journal of Preventive Cardiology</i> <b>9</b>: 100301. March 2022. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajpc.2021.100301">10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100301</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34977833">34977833</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8688560/?tool=pmcentrez">8688560</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=8688560</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Association+of+pepper+intake+with+all-cause+and+specific+cause+mortality+-+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Cardiology&rft.date=March+2022&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=100301&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ajpc.2021.100301&rft_id=info:pmid/34977833&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D8688560&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-haar-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-haar_40-0">40,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-haar_40-1">40,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5649076">"Health impacts of chemical irritants used for crowd control: a systematic review of the injuries and deaths caused by tear gas and pepper spray"</a>. <i>BMC Public Health</i> <b>17</b> (1): 831. October 2017. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12889-017-4814-6">10.1186/s12889-017-4814-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29052530">29052530</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sahifa yaratilmagan)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5649076/?tool=pmcentrez">5649076</a><span class="printonly">. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5649076</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Health+impacts+of+chemical+irritants+used+for+crowd+control%3A+a+systematic+review+of+the+injuries+and+deaths+caused+by+tear+gas+and+pepper+spray&rft.jtitle=BMC+Public+Health&rft.date=October+2017&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=831&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs12889-017-4814-6&rft_id=info:pmid/29052530&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D5649076&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2001-07-26_412_6845/page/n57">"Seed dispersal. Directed deterrence by capsaicin in chilies"</a>. <i>Nature</i> <b>412</b> (6845): 403–404. July 2001. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F35086653">10.1038/35086653</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11473305">11473305</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2001-07-26_412_6845/page/n57">https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2001-07-26_412_6845/page/n57</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Seed+dispersal.+Directed+deterrence+by+capsaicin+in+chilies&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.date=July+2001&rft.volume=412&rft.issue=6845&rft.pages=403%E2%80%93404&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F35086653&rft_id=info:pmid/11473305&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_nature-uk_2001-07-26_412_6845%2Fpage%2Fn57&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Canadian Oxford Dictionary</i> lists <i>chili</i> as the main entry, and labels <i>chile</i> as a variant, and <i>chilli</i> as a British variant.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MW_chili-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MW_chili_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoza:Cite_Merriam-Webster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoza:Cite Merriam-Webster (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Andoza:Cite Merriam-Webster</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/seedtocivilizati0000heis">Seed To Civilization: The Story of Food</a></i>. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, August 1990. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-674-79681-2" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-674-79681-2">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-674-79681-2</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seed+To+Civilization%3A+The+Story+of+Food&rft.date=August+1990&rft.pub=Cambridge%3A+Harvard+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-674-79681-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fseedtocivilizati0000heis"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.271839/page/n349/mode/1up">"Chilli, chilly"</a> (en). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=OED&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OED (sahifa yaratilmagan)">OED</a></i>. <b>2 C</b> (1 Corrected re-issue nashri). Oxford, UK. 1933. p. 346<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.271839/page/n349/mode/1up">https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.271839/page/n349/mode/1up</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Qaraldi: 2021-07-19</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Chilli%2C+chilly&rft.atitle=%5B%5BOED%5D%5D&rft.date=1933&rft.volume=2+C&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B346&rft.edition=1+Corrected+re-issue&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.271839%2Fpage%2Fn349%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED1933_chilli-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OED1933_chilli_46-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.271839/page/n349/mode/1up">"Chilli, chilly"</a> (en). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=OED&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OED (sahifa yaratilmagan)">OED</a></i>. <b>2 C</b> (1 Corrected re-issue nashri). Oxford, UK. 1933. p. 346<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.271839/page/n349/mode/1up">https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.271839/page/n349/mode/1up</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Qaraldi: 2021-07-19</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Chilli%2C+chilly&rft.atitle=%5B%5BOED%5D%5D&rft.date=1933&rft.volume=2+C&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B346&rft.edition=1+Corrected+re-issue&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.271839%2Fpage%2Fn349%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Usage example: <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/agri-biz/article2872144.ece">„Fall in exports crushes chilli prices in Guntur“</a>. Thehindubusinessline.com. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 21-aprel.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Usage example: <span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sundaytimes.lk/100314/Magazine/sundaytimesmagazine_06.html">„Chilli, Capsicum and Pepper are spicy plants grown for the pod. Green chilli is a culinary requirement in any Sri Lankan household“</a></span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sunday_Times_(Sri_Lanka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">The Sunday Times</a></i>. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 21-aprel.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED1913_pepper-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OED1913_pepper_49-0">49,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OED1913_pepper_49-1">49,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99996/page/n949/mode/1up">"Pepper"</a> (en). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=OED&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OED (sahifa yaratilmagan)">OED</a></i>. <b>7 N–Poy</b> (1 Corrected re-issue nashri). Oxford, UK. 1913. p. 663<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99996/page/n949/mode/1up">https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99996/page/n949/mode/1up</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Qaraldi: 2021-07-19</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Pepper&rft.atitle=%5B%5BOED%5D%5D&rft.date=1913&rft.volume=7+N%E2%80%93Poy&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B663&rft.edition=1+Corrected+re-issue&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.99996%2Fpage%2Fn949%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chili_qalampiri"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bhg-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bhg_50-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><i>Andrea Beck.</i> <span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/cooking-techniques/handling-hot-peppers/">„How to Handle Hot Peppers and Chiles Safely“</a></span>.  Better Homes and Gardens (2019-yil 8-may). 2022-yil 19-oktyabrda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221019085812/https://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/cooking-techniques/handling-hot-peppers/">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 19-oktyabr.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation">Veronique Greenwood. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20161020-can-you-hurt-yourself-eating-chilli-peppers">„Many of us love the burning sensation from hot chillies. But are they doing us any harm?“</a>. <i>BBC</i> (2016-yil 21-oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 23-iyul.</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""><pre>"<a dir="ltr" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&oldid=5327623">https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chili_qalampiri&oldid=5327623</a>" dan olindi </pre></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Categories" title="Maxsus:Categories">Turkum</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Meksika_oshxonasi" title="Turkum:Meksika oshxonasi">Meksika oshxonasi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Hindiston_ziravorlari" title="Turkum:Hindiston ziravorlari">Hindiston ziravorlari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Chili_qalampiri" title="Turkum:Chili 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