CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Barney Frank - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5fa4d6aa-7cec-411d-bac2-933d21f3f001","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Barney_Frank","wgTitle":"Barney Frank","wgCurRevisionId":1257460895,"wgRevisionId":1257460895,"wgArticleId":5052153,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Good articles","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages","Use American English from April 2024","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from July 2024","Articles with hAudio microformats","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014", "Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch","People appearing on C-SPAN","Barney Frank","1940 births","20th-century American LGBTQ people","20th-century American male writers","20th-century American non-fiction writers","20th-century American politicians","21st-century American LGBTQ people","21st-century American male writers","21st-century American non-fiction writers","21st-century American politicians","American agnostics","American gay politicians","American LGBTQ rights activists","American male non-fiction writers","American people of Polish-Jewish descent","American people of Russian-Jewish descent","American political writers","Bayonne High School alumni","Censured or reprimanded members of the United States House of Representatives","Democratic Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives","Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts","Gay Jews","Harvard College alumni","Harvard Law School alumni", "Jewish agnostics","Jewish American non-fiction writers","Jewish American state legislators in Massachusetts","Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives","LGBTQ members of the United States Congress","LGBTQ people from New Jersey","LGBTQ rights in Massachusetts","LGBTQ state legislators in Massachusetts","Living people","Politicians from Bayonne, New Jersey","American Zionists"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Barney_Frank","wgRelevantArticleId":5052153,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["autoconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"} ,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q537287","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Barney_Frank_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg/1200px-Barney_Frank_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1697"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Barney_Frank_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg/800px-Barney_Frank_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1131"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Barney_Frank_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg/640px-Barney_Frank_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="905"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Barney Frank - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Barney_Frank rootpage-Barney_Frank skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Barney+Frank" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Barney+Frank" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Barney+Frank" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Barney+Frank" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life,_education,_and_early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life,_education,_and_early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life, education, and early career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life,_education,_and_early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-congressional_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-congressional_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Pre-congressional career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-congressional_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._House_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 U.S. House of Representatives </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-U.S._House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle U.S. House of Representatives subsection </button> <ul id="toc-U.S._House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Tenure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Scandal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Public image </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fannie_Mae_and_Freddie_Mac" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fannie_Mae_and_Freddie_Mac"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fannie_Mae_and_Freddie_Mac-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subprime_mortgage_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subprime_mortgage_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.4 Subprime mortgage crisis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subprime_mortgage_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions_and_votes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions_and_votes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Political positions and votes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_positions_and_votes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political positions and votes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_positions_and_votes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abortion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abortion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Abortion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abortion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Civil rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drugs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drugs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Drugs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drugs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Economic issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Online_gambling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_gambling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Online gambling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online_gambling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Relations with Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-House_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-House_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Post-House career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-House_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Sexuality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Electoral history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Barney Frank</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" > 21 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83" title="بارني فرانك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بارني فرانك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="بارنی فرانک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بارنی فرانک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7" title="ברני פרנק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברני פרנק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%81rnijs_Frenks" title="Bārnijs Frenks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bārnijs Frenks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83" title="بارنى فرانك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بارنى فرانك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Barney Frank" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B" title="巴尼·弗蘭克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴尼·弗蘭克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q537287#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Barney_Frank" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barney_Frank&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barney_Frank&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barney_Frank&action=edit">View source</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barney_Frank&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Barney_Frank" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Barney_Frank" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barney_Frank&oldid=1257460895" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barney_Frank&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Barney_Frank&id=1257460895&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBarney_Frank">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBarney_Frank">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Barney_Frank&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barney_Frank&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barnett_Frank" hreflang="en">Wikisource</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q537287" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (born 1940)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Barney Frank</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Barney_Frank_(cropped)(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Barney_Frank_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg/220px-Barney_Frank_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Barney_Frank_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg/330px-Barney_Frank_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Barney_Frank_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg/440px-Barney_Frank_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1844" data-file-height="2607" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 4th congressional district">4th</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 3, 1981 – January 3, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Robert Drinan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Joe Kennedy III</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_Financial_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Financial Services Committee">House Financial Services Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Bachus" title="Spencer Bachus">Spencer Bachus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Waters" title="Maxine Waters">Maxine Waters</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_LaFalce" title="John LaFalce">John LaFalce</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Bachus" title="Spencer Bachus">Spencer Bachus</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/House_Financial_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Financial Services Committee">House Financial Services Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Oxley" title="Mike Oxley">Mike Oxley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Bachus" title="Spencer Bachus">Spencer Bachus</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1981</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Eliot Wadsworth</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Thomas Vallely</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives%27_5th_Suffolk_district" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives' 5th Suffolk district">5th Suffolk</a> (1973–1979) <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives%27_8th_Suffolk_district" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives' 8th Suffolk district">8th Suffolk</a> (1979–1981)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Barnett Frank</div> (1940-03-31) March 31, 1940 (age 84) <a href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne, New Jersey</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Jim Ready</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2012)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep._Barney_Frank_on_the_Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008.ogg" title="File:Rep. Barney Frank on the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.ogg">Barney Frank's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="482" data-mwtitle="Rep._Barney_Frank_on_the_Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Rep._Barney_Frank_on_the_Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/Rep._Barney_Frank_on_the_Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008.ogg/Rep._Barney_Frank_on_the_Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Frank, as chair of the <a href="/wiki/House_Financial_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Financial Services Committee">House Financial Services Committee</a>, on the need for the <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008" title="Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008">Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008</a> Recorded September 29, 2008</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Barnett Frank (born March 31, 1940) is a retired American politician. He served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> from 1981 to 2013. A <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a>, Frank served as chairman of the <a href="/wiki/House_Financial_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Financial Services Committee">House Financial Services Committee</a> from 2007 to 2011 and was a leading co-sponsor of the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodd–Frank Act">Dodd–Frank Act</a>. Frank, a resident of <a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton, Massachusetts</a>, was considered the most prominent gay politician in the United States during his time in Congress.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne, New Jersey</a>, Frank graduated from <a href="/wiki/Bayonne_High_School" title="Bayonne High School">Bayonne High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> He worked as a political aide before winning election to the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a> in 1972. He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> in 1980 with 52 percent of the vote. He was re-elected every term thereafter by wide margins. In 1987, he publicly <a href="/wiki/Came_out" class="mw-redirect" title="Came out">came out</a> as <a href="/wiki/Gay_men" title="Gay men">gay</a>, becoming the first member of Congress to do so voluntarily. From 2003 until his retirement, Frank was the leading Democrat on the House Financial Services Committee, and he served as committee chairman when his party held a House majority from 2007 to 2011. In July 2012, he married his long-time partner, James Ready, becoming the first member of Congress to marry someone of the same sex while in office.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Frank did not seek re-election in <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2012 United States House of Representatives elections">2012</a>, and was succeeded by fellow Democrat <a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Joe Kennedy III</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Frank's autobiography, A Life in Politics from the Great Society to Same-Sex Marriage, was published in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-us.macmillan.com-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Prior to his time in the House of Representatives, Frank served in the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a> from 1973 to 1981.<a href="#cite_note-1975-76-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-1973-1974-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-1977-78-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-1979-80-15">[15]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_education,_and_early_career">Early life, education, and early career</h2></div> Frank was born in <a href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne, New Jersey</a>, one of four children of Elsie (née Golush) and Samuel Frank.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> His family was Jewish, and his grandparents had emigrated from Poland and Russia.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Frank's father ran a truck stop in <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a>—a place Frank has described as "totally corrupt"—and when Frank was 6 or 7, his father served a year in prison for refusing to testify to a <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> against Frank's uncle.<a href="#cite_note-Toobin-19">[19]</a> Frank was educated at <a href="/wiki/Bayonne_High_School" title="Bayonne High School">Bayonne High School</a>, before matriculating at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a>, where he resided in Matthews Hall his first year and then in <a href="/wiki/Kirkland_House" title="Kirkland House">Kirkland House</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winthrop_House" title="Winthrop House">Winthrop House</a>. He graduated in 1962. Frank's undergraduate studies were interrupted by the death of his father, and Frank took a year off to help resolve the family's affairs prior to his graduation.<a href="#cite_note-Toobin-19">[19]</a> In 1964, he was a volunteer in Mississippi during <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Summer" title="Freedom Summer">Freedom Summer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> He taught undergraduates at Harvard while studying for a PhD in Government, but left in 1968 before completing the degree, to become Boston mayor <a href="/wiki/Kevin_White_(mayor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevin White (mayor)">Kevin White</a>'s Chief Assistant, a position he held for three years. He then served for a year as Administrative Assistant to Congressman <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Harrington" title="Michael J. Harrington">Michael J. Harrington</a>. In 1977, Frank graduated from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>, where he was once a student of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a>,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> while serving as a Massachusetts state representative. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-congressional_career">Pre-congressional career</h2></div> In 1972, Frank was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a> where he served for eight years.<a href="#cite_note-1973-1974-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-1975-76-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-1977-78-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-1979-80-15">[15]</a> He made a name for himself in the mid-1970s as a political defender of the <a href="/wiki/Combat_Zone_(Boston)" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Zone (Boston)">Combat Zone</a>, Boston's notorious red light district. Neighborhoods in Frank's district bordered the Combat Zone. As a means of dealing with crime in the area (including violence, police corruption and the infiltration by organized crime), he introduced a bill into the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts General Court</a> that would have legalized the sex-for-hire business but kept it quarantined in a red light district, which would have been moved to Boston's Financial District.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In 1979, Frank <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States" title="Admission to the bar in the United States">was admitted to the bar</a> in Massachusetts. While in state and local government, he taught, part-time, at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Boston" title="University of Massachusetts Boston">University of Massachusetts Boston</a>, the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_School_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy School of Government">John F. Kennedy School of Government</a> at Harvard, and at <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a>. He published numerous articles on politics and public affairs; in 1992, he published Speaking Frankly, an essay on the role the Democratic Party should play in the 1990s. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._House_of_Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1981_Barney_Frank_p62.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/1981_Barney_Frank_p62.jpg/220px-1981_Barney_Frank_p62.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/1981_Barney_Frank_p62.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>1981, Congressional Pictorial Directory – Frank's first term as Congressman</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3></div> In 1980, Frank ran for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> in the 4th congressional district, hoping to succeed Reverend <a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Robert Drinan</a>, who had left Congress, following a call by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> for priests to withdraw from political positions. In the Democratic <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary</a> held on September 16, 1980, Frank won 52% of the vote in a four-candidate field.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> As the Democratic nominee, he faced <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> Richard A. Jones in the general election and won narrowly, 52–48%.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> For his first term, Frank represented a district in the western and southern suburbs of Boston, anchored by <a href="/wiki/Brookline,_Massachusetts" title="Brookline, Massachusetts">Brookline</a> and his hometown of <a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton</a>. However, in 1982, <a href="/wiki/Redistricting" title="Redistricting">redistricting</a> forced him to run against <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Heckler" title="Margaret Heckler">Margaret Heckler</a>, who represented a district centered on the <a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(Massachusetts)" title="South Coast (Massachusetts)">South Coast</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Fall_River,_Massachusetts" title="Fall River, Massachusetts">Fall River</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Bedford" class="mw-redirect" title="New Bedford">New Bedford</a>. Although the newly configured district retained Frank's district number—the 4th—it was geographically more Heckler's district. Frank focused on Heckler's initial support for President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s tax cuts, and won with 60% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Frank did not face another serious race again for a quarter-century.<a href="#cite_note-Advocate-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Advocate2-30">[30]</a> From 1984 to 2008, he won re-election 12 times with at least 67% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, Frank won with more than an overwhelming 97% of the vote, with no challenge from a major political party. In 2010, Frank ran for his 16th term. Public opinion polling showed him facing his first credible challenge since defeating Heckler in 1982. His opponent was Republican <a href="/wiki/Sean_Bielat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sean Bielat">Sean Bielat</a>, a U.S. Marine veteran and businessman.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In mid-September, an internal poll showed Frank leading 48–38%.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In late October, he loaned his campaign $200,000.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In early October, <a href="/wiki/The_Cook_Political_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cook Political Report">The Cook Political Report</a> changed its assessment of the district from "solid Democratic" to "likely Democratic"—meaning that while Frank was favored, a victory by Bielat could not be entirely ruled out. While Frank had a 3-to-1 advantage in terms of cash on hand, Bielat outraised him in September.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> On October 25, a survey by The Boston Globe showed Frank leading 46–33%.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Frank won re-election to his 16th term, 54–43%.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> On November 28, 2011, Frank announced at a news conference that he would not seek re-election in 2012. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure">Tenure</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scandal">Scandal</h4></div> In 1985, Frank was still publicly <a href="/wiki/Closeted" title="Closeted">closeted</a>. That year he hired Steve Gobie, a <a href="/wiki/Male_prostitute" class="mw-redirect" title="Male prostitute">male prostitute</a>, for sex, and they became "more friends than sexual partners."<a href="#cite_note-mayflower-38">[38]</a> Frank housed Gobie and hired him with personal funds as an aide, housekeeper and driver and paid for his attorney and court-ordered psychiatrist.<a href="#cite_note-mayflower-38">[38]</a> In 1987, Frank evicted Gobie after being advised by his landlord that Gobie kept escorting despite the support and was doing so in the residence.<a href="#cite_note-mayflower-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Skeleton-39">[39]</a> Later that year, Gobie's friends persuaded him that he had a gay male version of <a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Madam" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayflower Madam">Mayflower Madam</a>, a TV movie about an escort service.<a href="#cite_note-mayflower-38">[38]</a> In 1989, Gobie tried to initiate a bidding war for the story between <a href="/wiki/WUSA-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WUSA-TV">WUSA-TV</a> (Channel 9), <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mayflower-38">[38]</a> He then gave the story to The Washington Times for nothing, in hopes of getting a book contract.<a href="#cite_note-Skeleton-39">[39]</a> Amid calls for an investigation, Frank asked the <a href="/wiki/House_Ethics_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Ethics Committee">House Ethics Committee</a> to investigate his relationship "in order to ensure that the public record is clear."<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The Committee found no evidence that Frank had known of or been involved in the alleged illegal activity and dismissed all Gobie's more scandalous claims; they recommended a reprimand for Frank using his congressional office to fix 33 of Gobie's parking tickets and for misstatements of fact in a memorandum relating to Gobie's criminal probation record.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The House voted 408–18 to reprimand Frank.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The attempts to <a href="/wiki/Censure" title="Censure">censure</a> and expel Frank were led by Republican <a href="/wiki/Larry_Craig" title="Larry Craig">Larry Craig</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Eventually, Frank would criticize Craig for hypocrisy after Craig's own <a href="/wiki/Larry_Craig_scandal" title="Larry Craig scandal">arrest in 2007</a> for lewd conduct in a public restroom.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Despite the controversy, Frank won re-election in 1990 with 66 percent of the vote, and by larger margins until the <a href="/wiki/United_States_elections,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="United States elections, 2010">2010 mid-term elections</a> when his victory margin went down to eleven points.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In 2003, a documentary film about Barney Frank entitled Let's Get Frank was released. The documentary recounted Barney Frank's struggle coming out in public and political life as a prominent gay man, the height of which was his reprimand following the Gobie scandal, and documented Frank's dedicated defense of <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">U.S. President Bill Clinton</a> during his impeachment trial in January and February 1999.<a href="#cite_note-Eisner_2004-49">[49]</a> At the time of its release, Let's Get Frank received mixed reviews, some celebrating the film, as Ken Eisner did in Variety,<a href="#cite_note-Eisner_2004-49">[49]</a> and others struggling with Everly's distinct style and the dual telling of Frank's own personal story along with that of the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Impeachment" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton Impeachment">Clinton Impeachment Trial</a> through Frank's eyes, as Ed Halter did in The Village Voice.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> This work has since been included in the film canon, and is now considered to be a classic.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_image">Public image</h4></div> "Mr. Frank has earned a reputation during his 28 years in Congress as a sharp-tongued and quick-witted debater," summarized The New York Times in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> In one quip, he said he was unable to complete his review of the <a href="/wiki/Starr_Report" title="Starr Report">Starr Report</a> detailing President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>'s relationship with <a href="/wiki/Monica_Lewinsky" title="Monica Lewinsky">Monica Lewinsky</a>, complaining that it was "too much reading about <a href="/wiki/Heterosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterosexual">heterosexual</a> sex".<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In 2004 and again in 2006, a survey of Capitol Hill staffers published in <a href="/wiki/Washingtonian_(magazine)" title="Washingtonian (magazine)">Washingtonian</a> gave Frank the title of the "brainiest", "funniest", and "most eloquent" member of the House.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In 2008, the same survey named him "brainiest", and runner up for "workhorse", and "most eloquent";<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> in 2010, he was named "brainiest", "workhorse", and "funniest".<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> He is also widely considered to have been, during his tenure, one of the most powerful or smart members of Congress.<a href="#cite_note-out-2009-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60minutes-2008-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Democratic speech writer—and later U.S. representative for New Jersey—<a href="/wiki/Josh_Gottheimer" title="Josh Gottheimer">Josh Gottheimer</a>, in his book Ripples of Hope: Great American Civil Rights Speeches, describes Frank as "one of the brightest and most energetic defenders of civil rights issues."<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fannie_Mae_and_Freddie_Mac">Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac</h4></div> Frank was scrutinized for campaign contributions from <a href="/wiki/Fannie_Mae" title="Fannie Mae">Fannie Mae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Mac" title="Freddie Mac">Freddie Mac</a>. <a href="/wiki/OpenSecrets" title="OpenSecrets">OpenSecrets</a> reported in 2009 that Frank received over $42,000 in campaign contributions from the two organizations since 1989.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Fannie Mae also made grants in 1994 and 2001 of $75,000 to a charity cofounded by Frank's mother.<a href="#cite_note-Morgenson_and_Rosner_69-70-63">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Sammon" title="Bill Sammon">Bill Sammon</a>, political editor of <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>, claimed the donations from Fannie and Freddie influenced his support of their lending programs, and said that Frank did not play a strong enough role in reforming the institutions in the years leading up to the <a href="/wiki/Economic_crisis_of_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic crisis of 2008">economic crisis of 2008</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In their 2011 book Reckless Endangerment, New York Times business reporter <a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Morgenson" title="Gretchen Morgenson">Gretchen Morgenson</a> and co-author Josh Rosner called Frank a "major recipient of Fannie Mae's largesse, albeit indirectly" and "a perpetual protector of Fannie."<a href="#cite_note-Morgenson_Rosner_68-69-65">[65]</a> Additionally, in 1991, Fannie Mae hired Herb Moses, Frank's domestic partner, to a managerial position following a recommendation by Frank. While with Fannie Mae from 1991 to 1998, Moses oversaw projects "relaxing Fannie Mae's restrictions on home improvement loans and small farm mortgages", wrote Morgenson and Rosner.<a href="#cite_note-Morgenson_Rosner_68-69-65">[65]</a> During a 1991 hearing of the House Banking subcommittee on housing and community development, Frank objected to a proposal by <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a> director <a href="/wiki/Robert_Reischauer" title="Robert Reischauer">Robert Reischauer</a> to make "safety and soundness" the primary objective for Fannie Mae, aggressively enough that subcommittee chair <a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Gonzalez" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry B. Gonzalez">Henry B. Gonzalez</a> needed to intervene to allow Reischauer a chance to speak.<a href="#cite_note-Morgenson_and_Rosner_69-70-63">[63]</a> In 2006, a Fannie Mae representative stated in SEC filings that they "did not participate in large amounts of these non-traditional mortgages in 2004 and 2005."<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In response to criticism, Frank said, "In 2004, it was Bush who started to push Fannie and Freddie into subprime mortgages, because they were boasting about how they were expanding homeownership for low-income people. And I said at the time, 'Hey—(a) this is going to jeopardize their profitability, but (b) it's going to put people in homes they can't afford, and they're gonna lose them.'"<a href="#cite_note-Toobin-19">[19]</a> In 2009 Frank responded to what he called "wholly inaccurate efforts by Republicans to blame Democrats, and [me] in particular" for the <a href="/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis" title="Subprime mortgage crisis">subprime mortgage crisis</a>, which is linked to the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932010#Origins_and_growth_of_the_housing_bubble" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2010">financial crisis of 2007–2009</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FSATRA-67">[67]</a> He outlined his efforts to reform these institutions and add regulations, but met resistance from Republicans, with the main exception being a bill with Republican <a href="/wiki/Mike_Oxley" title="Mike Oxley">Mike Oxley</a> that died because of opposition from President Bush.<a href="#cite_note-FSATRA-67">[67]</a> The 2005 bill included Frank objectives, which were to impose tighter regulation of Fannie and Freddie and new funds for rental housing. Frank and Mike Oxley achieved broad bipartisan support for the bill in the Financial Services Committee, and it passed the House. But the Senate never voted on the measure, in part because President Bush was likely to veto it. "If it had passed, that would have been one of the ways we could have reined in the bowling ball going downhill called housing," Oxley told Frank. In an op-ed piece in The Wall Street Journal, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_B._Lindsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence B. Lindsey">Lawrence B. Lindsey</a>, a former economic adviser to President George W. Bush, wrote that Frank "is the only politician I know who has argued that we needed tighter rules that intentionally produce fewer homeowners and more renters."<a href="#cite_note-Toobin-19">[19]</a> Once control shifted to the Democrats, Frank was able to help guide both the Federal Housing Reform Act (H.R. 1427) and the Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act (H.R. 3915) to passage in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-FSATRA-67">[67]</a> Frank also said that the Republican-led <a href="/wiki/Gramm%E2%80%93Leach%E2%80%93Bliley_Act" title="Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act">Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act</a> of 1999, which repealed part of the <a href="/wiki/Glass%E2%80%93Steagall_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass–Steagall Act">Glass–Steagall Act</a> of 1933 and removed the wall between commercial and investment banks, contributed to the financial meltdown.<a href="#cite_note-FSATRA-67">[67]</a> Frank stated further that "during twelve years of Republican rule no reform was adopted regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In 2007, a few months after I became the chairman, the House passed a strong reform bill; we sought to get the [Bush] administration's approval to include it in the economic stimulus legislation in January 2008; and finally got it passed and onto <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">President Bush</a>'s desk in July 2008. Moreover, "we were able to adopt it in nineteen months, and we could have done it much quicker if the [Bush] administration had cooperated."[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subprime_mortgage_crisis">Subprime mortgage crisis</h4></div> As former chairman of the <a href="/wiki/House_Financial_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Financial Services Committee">House Financial Services Committee</a>, beginning in 2007, Frank was "at the center of power".<a href="#cite_note-Advocate-29">[29]</a> Frank has been a critic of aspects of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> system, partnering with some Republicans in opposition to some policies.<a href="#cite_note-nytimesmagazine-68">[68]</a> Frank says that he and Republican Congressman <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> "first bonded because we were both conspicuous nonworshipers at the Temple of the Fed and of the High Priest <a href="/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan">Alan Greenspan</a>."<a href="#cite_note-nytimesmagazine-68">[68]</a> Frank has been involved in mortgage foreclosure bailout issues.<a href="#cite_note-Loan_Mod-69">[69]</a> In 2008 Frank supported passage of the American Housing Rescue & Foreclosure Prevention Act, intended to protect thousands of homeowners from <a href="/wiki/Foreclosure" title="Foreclosure">foreclosure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Advocate-29">[29]</a> This law, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/3221">H.R. 3221</a>, is considered one of the most important and complex issues on which he worked.<a href="#cite_note-Advocate-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In an August 2007 op-ed piece in <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>, Frank wrote, "In the debate between those who believe in essentially <a href="/wiki/Unregulated_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Unregulated markets">unregulated markets</a> and others who hold that <a href="/wiki/Regulated_market" title="Regulated market">reasonable regulation</a> diminishes market excesses without inhibiting their basic function, the <a href="/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis" title="Subprime mortgage crisis">subprime situation</a> unfortunately provides ammunition for the latter view."<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Frank was also instrumental in the passage of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/5244">H.R. 5244</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Credit_Cardholders%27_Bill_of_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Credit Cardholders' Bill of Rights">Credit Cardholders' Bill of Rights</a> Act of 2008, a measure that drew praise from editorial boards and consumer advocates.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In 2007. Frank co-sponsored legislation to reform the Section 202 refinancing program, which is for affordable housing for the elderly, and Section 811 disabled programs.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Frank has been a chief advocate of the National Housing Trust Fund,<a href="#cite_note-Toobin-19">[19]</a> which was created as part of the <a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Economic_Recovery_Act_of_2008" title="Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008">Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008</a> and was the first affordable housing program to be enacted by the Congress since 1990.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis" title="Subprime mortgage crisis">subprime mortgage crisis</a>, Frank was characterized as "a key deal-maker, an unlikely bridge between his party's left-wing base and ... <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> conservatives" in the Bush administration.<a href="#cite_note-ALWBB-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hank_Paulson" class="mw-redirect" title="Hank Paulson">Hank Paulson</a>, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Treasury_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Treasury Secretary">U.S. Treasury Secretary</a> for the Bush administration, said he enjoyed Frank's penchant for brokering deals, "he is looking to get things done and make a difference, he focuses on areas of agreement and tries to build on those."<a href="#cite_note-ALWBB-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> noted that the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Housing_Administration" title="Federal Housing Administration">Federal Housing Administration</a>'s crucial role in the nation's housing market, providing low-down-payment mortgages during the crisis of 2007–2010 when no mortgages would otherwise have been available, "helped avert full-scale disaster" by helping people purchase or refinance homes and thereby putting a floor under falling home prices. However, due to the tighter flow of credit from the banks, total FHA loans in 2009 were four times that of 2006, raising concern that year that if the economy were to dip back into recession, more Fed funds could be required to keep those loans afloat. Frank's response was that the additional defaults—2.2% more of the total portfolio in 2009 than the year before—were worth the economic stabilization of the broader policy, noting "It was an effort to keep prices from falling too fast." In that context, he opined, "I don't think it's a bad thing that the bad loans occurred." In fact, the unprecedented number of loans made since 2008 were noted to be performing far better than those in the prior two years.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions_and_votes">Political positions and votes</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barney_Frank_in_Congressional_office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Barney_Frank_in_Congressional_office.jpg/220px-Barney_Frank_in_Congressional_office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Barney_Frank_in_Congressional_office.jpg/330px-Barney_Frank_in_Congressional_office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Barney_Frank_in_Congressional_office.jpg/440px-Barney_Frank_in_Congressional_office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption>Frank in 2002 in his congressional office</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abortion">Abortion</h3></div> In 2009 Frank had a 100% rating from <a href="/wiki/NARAL_Pro-Choice_America" class="mw-redirect" title="NARAL Pro-Choice America">NARAL Pro-Choice America</a>, indicating a <a href="/wiki/Pro-choice" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-choice">pro-choice</a> voting record.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> He voted against the <a href="/wiki/Partial-Birth_Abortion_Ban_Act" title="Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act">Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act</a>,<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Unborn_Victims_of_Violence_Act" title="Unborn Victims of Violence Act">Unborn Victims of Violence Act</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> and against restrictions on the transportation of minors across state lines by non-family members to circumvent local abortion laws. In 1993 Frank co-sponsored the "Freedom of Choice Act" (H.R.25) (1993-H25) to "protect the reproductive rights of women".<a href="#cite_note-foa-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In 2006, he co-sponsored the "Compassionate Assistance for Rape Emergencies Act" (S.3945) (06-S3945), a bill for "emergency contraception for rape victims".<a href="#cite_note-foa-82">[82]</a> In 2007 he co-sponsored the "Compassionate Care for Servicewomen Act" (S.1800 & HR.2064) (07-HR2064) to "providing emergency contraception at military facilities"; the "Prevention First Act" (S.21&H.R.463 2009-S21) to "expand access to preventive health care services that help reduce <a href="/wiki/Unintended_pregnancy" title="Unintended pregnancy">unintended pregnancy</a>, reduce abortions, and improve access to women's health care".<a href="#cite_note-foa-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_rights">Civil rights</h3></div> In 1987, Frank was the Chair of the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Administrative Law and Governmental Relations in the <a href="/wiki/100th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="100th Congress">100th Congress</a>. In this position, he was one of the staunchest supporters of redress and reparations for <a href="/wiki/Japanese_American_internment" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese American internment">Japanese American internment</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In 2001, Frank co-sponsored an <a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="List of amendments to the United States Constitution">amendment</a> to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a> to apply <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">equal rights</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Gender_differences" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender differences">gender differences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FCvl-86">[86]</a> In 2002 he co-sponsored the "Federal Agency Protection of Privacy Act" (H.R.4561) to require a "Privacy Impact Statement" on new federal rules.<a href="#cite_note-FCvl-86">[86]</a> In 2002 he was scored at 93% by the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> on civil rights issues indicating a pro-<a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> voting record.<a href="#cite_note-FCvl-86">[86]</a> In 2006, Frank was one of three Representatives to oppose the <a href="/wiki/Respect_for_America%27s_Fallen_Heroes_Act" title="Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act">Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act</a>, which restricted protests (notably those of <a href="/wiki/Fred_Phelps" title="Fred Phelps">Fred Phelps</a>' <a href="/wiki/Westboro_Baptist_Church" title="Westboro Baptist Church">Westboro Baptist Church</a>) at soldiers' funerals. He opposed the bill, which passed unanimously in the Senate, on <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">civil liberties</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">constitutional</a> grounds. Frank said of the vote, "I think it's very likely to be found unconstitutional. It's true that when you defend civil liberties you are typically defending people who do obnoxious things ... You play into their hand when you let them provoke you into overdoing it. I don't want these thugs to [make the] claim [that] America is hypocritical."<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People" class="mw-redirect" title="National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</a> scored him at 100% in 2006 indicating a pro-<a href="/wiki/Affirmative-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Affirmative-action">affirmative-action</a> stance.<a href="#cite_note-FCvl-86">[86]</a> In 2007, Frank co-sponsored the "Partnership Benefits and Obligations Act" (S.2521/H.R.4838) to "provide benefits to <a href="/wiki/Domestic_partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic partners">domestic partners</a> of Federal employees".<a href="#cite_note-FCvl-86">[86]</a> That same year, he co-sponsored the "<a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a>" (S.J.RES.10/H.J.RES.40) to "strengthen the ongoing efforts of women across the country to obtain equal treatment."<a href="#cite_note-FCvl-86">[86]</a> In 2009, he signed bills recognizing the 40th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a> and the 100th anniversary of the NAACP.<a href="#cite_note-FCvl-86">[86]</a> Frank has been outspoken on many <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> issues, including lesbian, gay, <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> (<a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a>) <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">rights</a>. In 1987, he publicly <a href="/wiki/Came_out" class="mw-redirect" title="Came out">came out</a> as gay.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In 1990, Frank was instrumental in crafting the <a href="/wiki/1990_Immigration_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Immigration Act">1990 Immigration Act</a>, which restated the reasons for which a person could be denied entry into the country. The act did not include "<a href="/wiki/Sexual_preference" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual preference">sexual preference</a> exclusion[s]", reforming earlier immigration law which allowed persons to be excluded for a sexual deviance "afflict[ion]".<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> He said in a 1996 interview: "I'm used to being in the minority. I'm a <a href="/wiki/Left-handedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-handedness">left-handed</a> gay Jew. I've never felt, automatically, a member of any majority." In 1995, then-Republican <a href="/wiki/House_Majority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="House Majority Leader">House Majority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Armey" title="Dick Armey">Dick Armey</a> famously referred to Frank as "Barney <a href="/wiki/Faggot_(slang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faggot (slang)">Fag</a>" in a press interview. Armey apologized and said it was "a slip of the tongue". Frank did not accept Armey's explanation, saying "I turned to my own expert, my mother, who reports that in 59 years of marriage, no one ever introduced her as Elsie Fag."<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In 1998, Frank founded the national LGBT Democratic organization, <a href="/wiki/National_Stonewall_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="National Stonewall Democrats">National Stonewall Democrats</a>. In 2006, Frank and incoming <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> were accused by Rep. <a href="/wiki/John_Hostettler" title="John Hostettler">John Hostettler</a> (R-<a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">IN</a>) of having a "radical <a href="/wiki/Homosexual_agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual agenda">homosexual agenda</a>"; Frank responded "I do have things I would like to see adopted on behalf of LGBT people: they include the <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">right to marry the individual of our choice</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell" title="Don't ask, don't tell">right to serve in the military</a> to defend our country; and the <a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination_law_in_the_United_States" title="Employment discrimination law in the United States">right to a job based solely on our own qualifications</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Toobin-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-RFOTIOPWT-91">[91]</a> I acknowledge that this is an agenda, but I do not think that any self-respecting <a href="/wiki/Political_radicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political radicalism">radical</a> in history would have considered advocating people's rights to get married, join the army, and earn a living as a terribly inspiring <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary" title="Revolutionary">revolutionary</a> platform."<a href="#cite_note-RFOTIOPWT-91">[91]</a> Frank's stance on <a href="/wiki/Outing" title="Outing">outing</a> gay Republicans has been called the "Frank Rule" whereby a <a href="/wiki/Closeted" title="Closeted">closeted</a> person who uses her or his power, position, or notoriety to hurt <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> people can be outed.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The issue became relevant during the <a href="/wiki/Mark_Foley_scandal" title="Mark Foley scandal">Mark Foley scandal</a> of 2006, during which Frank clarified his position on <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Real_Time_with_Bill_Maher" title="Real Time with Bill Maher">Real Time with Bill Maher</a>: "I think there's a <a href="/wiki/Privacy_law" title="Privacy law">right to privacy</a>. But the right to privacy should not be a right to <a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">hypocrisy</a>. And people who want to demonize other people shouldn't then be able to go home and close the door and do it themselves."<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In February 2009, Frank was one of three <a href="/wiki/Closeted" title="Closeted">openly</a> gay members of Congress, along with <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Baldwin" title="Tammy Baldwin">Tammy Baldwin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jared_Polis" title="Jared Polis">Jared Polis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>. In April 2009, Frank was named in the LGBT magazine <a href="/wiki/Out_(magazine)" title="Out (magazine)">Out</a>'s "Annual Power 50 List", landing at the top spot.<a href="#cite_note-out-2009-58">[58]</a> In 2006 the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">Human Rights Campaign</a> scored him at 100% indicating a pro-<a href="/wiki/Gay-rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay-rights">gay-rights</a> stance.<a href="#cite_note-FCvl-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3></div> In 2000, Frank was rated at 89% by <a href="/wiki/Citizens_United_for_Rehabilitation_of_Errants" title="Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants">Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants</a>, indicating pro-rehabilitation crime votes.<a href="#cite_note-FrOC-94">[94]</a> He co-sponsored "Innocence Protection Act of 2001" (H.R. 912, S.486) to "reduce the risk that innocent persons may be executed [by examining DNA evidence more thoroughly]" and the "National Death Penalty Moratorium Act of 2001" (H.R.1038, S.233) to limit capital punishment until the <a href="/wiki/National_Commission_on_the_Death_Penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="National Commission on the Death Penalty">National Commission on the Death Penalty</a> reviewed the "fairness of the imposition of the death penalty".<a href="#cite_note-FrOC-94">[94]</a> In 2001, he also co-sponsored the "Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act" (01-HR1343) to "provide Federal assistance to States and local jurisdictions to prosecute <a href="/wiki/Hate_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hate crimes">hate crimes</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FrOC-94">[94]</a> Frank co-sponsored the "Recidivism Reduction and Second Chance Act of 2007" to reduce <a href="/wiki/Recidivism" title="Recidivism">recidivism</a>. (this became Public Law No: 110-199).<a href="#cite_note-FrOC-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drugs">Drugs</h3></div> In 2001, Frank authored the States' Rights to Medical Marijuana Act (H.R. 2592), an attempt to stop the federal government from preempting <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Medical cannabis in the United States">state medical marijuana laws</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> He consistently voted for the bipartisan <a href="/wiki/Rohrabacher%E2%80%93Farr_amendment" title="Rohrabacher–Farr amendment">Hinchey–Rohrabacher amendment</a>, annually proposed by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Hinchey" title="Maurice Hinchey">Maurice Hinchey</a> (D-<a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">NY</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Dana_Rohrabacher" title="Dana Rohrabacher">Dana Rohrabacher</a> (R-<a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a>), to prohibit the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice Department</a> from prosecuting individuals complying with state medical cannabis laws.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In March 2008, he proposed the <a href="/wiki/Personal_Use_of_Marijuana_by_Responsible_Adults_Act_of_2008" title="Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2008">Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2008</a> (HR 5843), which would have <a href="/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States">legalized at the federal level small amounts of the drug</a>, but which died in committee during the 110th Congress. On June 18, 2009, he re-introduced the bill as the <a href="/wiki/Personal_Use_of_Marijuana_by_Responsible_Adults_Act_of_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2009">Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2009</a> (HR 2943).<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> On June 23, 2011, Frank introduced the <a href="/wiki/Ending_Federal_Marijuana_Prohibition_Act" title="Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act">Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act</a> to remove marijuana from the <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Controlled Substances Act">Controlled Substances Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Commenting on legislation to remove federal criminal penalties for possession of small amounts of marijuana for personal use, Frank stated "In a free society a large degree of human activity is none of the government's business. We should make criminal what's going to hurt other people and other than that we should leave it to people to make their own choices."<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In 2003, he was rated "A" by Vote Hemp, indicating a pro-hemp voting record.<a href="#cite_note-fdr-100">[100]</a> In 2006 he was rated "+30" by <a href="/wiki/NORML" class="mw-redirect" title="NORML">NORML</a>, indicating a pro-drug-reform stance.<a href="#cite_note-fdr-100">[100]</a> In 2007 he co-sponsored the "Drug Sentencing Reform & Kingpin Trafficking Act" ((S.1711) 07-S1711) to "target cocaine kingpins and address sentencing disparity between crack and powder cocaine".<a href="#cite_note-fdr-100">[100]</a> In 2008, Frank sponsored "Removing Impediments to Students Education" (RISE) ((H.R.5157) 08-HR5157) to allow rehabilitated drug offenders to get student loans.<a href="#cite_note-fdr-100">[100]</a> In 2009 Frank signed the "Community AIDS and Hepatitis Prevention Act" (HR 179 2009-H179) to "use Federal funds for <a href="/wiki/Syringe_exchange_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Syringe exchange program">syringe exchange programs</a> for purposes of reducing the transmission of bloodborne pathogens, including HIV and viral <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis" title="Hepatitis">hepatitis</a>" and the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Hemp_Farming_Act_of_2009" title="Industrial Hemp Farming Act of 2009">Industrial Hemp Farming Act of 2009</a> (H.R.1866 2009-H1866) to "grant each state regulating authority for the growing and processing of industrial hemp."<a href="#cite_note-fdr-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_issues">Economic issues</h3></div> Frank was a member of the Congressional Internet Caucus established in 1996 to "promoting growth and advancement of the Internet and advance the United States' world leadership in the digital world".<a href="#cite_note-Ftech-101">[101]</a> In 2001, he co-sponsored the "Anti-Spamming Act" (01-HR718) to protect people and businesses from "unsolicited and unwanted electronic mail".<a href="#cite_note-Ftech-101">[101]</a> In 2006, Frank voted for the "Communications, Opportunity, Promotion, and Enhancement Act" (Bill HR 5252 Amendment 987) to "establish "<a href="/wiki/Network_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Network neutrality">network neutrality</a>" (non-tiered Internet)."<a href="#cite_note-Ftech-101">[101]</a> In 2008, Frank voted against the "FISA Amendments Act" (Bill HR6304) which would give retroactive immunity for those involved in the <a href="/wiki/NSA_warrantless_surveillance_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="NSA warrantless surveillance controversy">NSA warrantless surveillance controversy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ftech-101">[101]</a> That same year, he co-sponsored overturning <a href="/wiki/Concentration_of_media_ownership#United_States" title="Concentration of media ownership">FCC approval of media consolidation</a> (S.J.RES.28&H.J.RES.79 2008-SJR28).<a href="#cite_note-Ftech-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3></div> In 1993, Frank co-sponsored "Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments" (H.R.3392) to regulate more contaminants under the <a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Clean Water Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOENV-102">[102]</a> In 2001, he co-sponsored the "National Forest Protection and Restoration Act" (H.R.1494) to "prohibiting commercial logging on Federal public lands".<a href="#cite_note-FOENV-102">[102]</a> In 2003, he was rated 95% by the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Conservation_Voters" title="League of Conservation Voters">League of Conservation Voters</a>, indicating pro-environment votes.<a href="#cite_note-FOENV-102">[102]</a> In 2007, he co-sponsored the "Great Cats and Rare Canids Act" (H.R.1464) to "provide financial resources and to foster international cooperation for promoting conservation of rare <a href="/wiki/Felids" class="mw-redirect" title="Felids">felids</a> & <a href="/wiki/Canids" class="mw-redirect" title="Canids">canids</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOENV-102">[102]</a> In the same year, he co-sponsored the "Animal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act" (S.261/H.R.137) to "strengthen prohibitions against <a href="/wiki/Animal_fighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal fighting">animal fighting</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOENV-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> In 1996 Frank co-sponsored the "Federal Law Enforcement Dependents Assistance Act" (H.R.4111. Became Public Law No: 104–238.) "to provide educational assistance to the dependents of Federal law enforcement officials who are killed or disabled in the performance of their duties."<a href="#cite_note-hls-103">[103]</a> In 2001 Frank co-sponsored "the MX Missile Stand-Down Act" (01-HR2718) to take fifty <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeper_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Peacekeeper missiles">Peacekeeper missiles</a> off of high-alert status as well as the Landmine Elimination and Victim Assistance Act (01-HR948).<a href="#cite_note-hls-103">[103]</a> As of December 2003, Frank had an 89% rating by <a href="/wiki/Peace_Action" title="Peace Action">Peace Action</a>, indicating a pro-peace voting record.<a href="#cite_note-hls-103">[103]</a> In 2005, he co-sponsored "Rail Security Act" (S.1379/H.R.153) (05-S1379) giving higher priority to rail transportation security.<a href="#cite_note-hls-103">[103]</a> In 2008, he co-sponsored the "Veterans Suicide Study Act" ( (S.2899/H.R.4204) 08-S2899) designed to study and address suicides among veterans.<a href="#cite_note-hls-103">[103]</a> Frank advocated for a 25-percent reduction in the overall <a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_United_States" title="Military budget of the United States">Military budget of the United States</a>. "The math is compelling: if we do not make reductions approximating 25 percent of the military budget starting fairly soon, it will be impossible to continue to fund an adequate level of domestic activity ... ," wrote Frank. He claimed that such a significant reduction would have no effect on the United States' ability to defend itself. "If," he said, "beginning one year from now, we were to cut military spending by 25 percent from its projected levels, we would still be immeasurably stronger than any combination of nations with whom we might be engaged."<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Frank supports having fewer <a href="/wiki/F-35_Lightning_II" class="mw-redirect" title="F-35 Lightning II">F-35 Joint Strike Fighter planes</a>, but also supports a $3-billion <a href="/wiki/General_Electric/Rolls-Royce_F136" title="General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136">backup engine project</a> that the Pentagon does not want.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Frank told <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Keith_Olbermann" title="Keith Olbermann">Keith Olbermann</a> that he actually wanted to cut the entire F-35 program, but as long as military spending continued, he would fight for his district's share of it.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online_gambling">Online gambling</h3></div> Frank has partnered with <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> in support of online gambling rights. In 2006, both strongly opposed H.R. 4777, the Internet Gambling Prohibition and Enforcement Act, and H.R. 4411, the Goodlatte-Leach Internet Gambling Prohibition Act.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> To restore online gambling rights, in 2007 Frank sponsored H.R. 2046, the Internet Gambling Regulation and Enforcement Act.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> This bill would have established licensing and regulation of online gaming sites. It provided for age verification and protections for compulsive gamblers. In 2008, he and Paul introduced H.R. 5767, the Payment Systems Protection Act, a bill that sought to place a moratorium on enforcement of the <a href="/wiki/Unlawful_Internet_Gambling_Enforcement_Act_of_2006" title="Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006">Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006</a> while the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Treasury Department">United States Treasury Department</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> defined "unlawful Internet gambling". As a result of these efforts, Frank (who does not gamble) has been praised by <a href="/wiki/Poker" title="Poker">poker</a> players and online gamblers, including many Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_Israel">Relations with Israel</h3></div> Frank has been a determined supporter of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>. "The Israeli government has been a wholly democratic one from the beginning," he said in a lecture to students. "It is one of the freest democracies in the world".<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> He attributed the primary reason for Israel's long war to his belief that Palestinians are unwilling to make concessions. In August 2009, a confidential memo written by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Israel" title="List of diplomatic missions of Israel">consul general of Israel</a> in Boston, <a href="/wiki/Nadav_Tamir" title="Nadav Tamir">Nadav Tamir</a>, was leaked to the Israeli media. In the memo, Tamir said that Israel's dealings with the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a> on differences over <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">settlements</a> were eroding <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Israel–United States relations">US support</a>. After Tamir was reprimanded by the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli government">Israeli government</a>, Frank defended Tamir in a letter sent to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>, in which Frank wrote: "I was sorry to learn that he (Tamir) is being criticized because of his accurate reporting of significant (negative) sentiment in the United States ... If the people who work for me did not give me the kind of straightforward, thoughtful analysis that the consul is providing, even if it wasn't the most welcome news, that failure — not the information — would cause me unhappiness."<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-House_career">Post-House career</h2></div> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_cliff" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal cliff">fiscal cliff</a> legislation at the start of 2013, Frank stated<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> that he was interested in the interim appointment that Governor <a href="/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Deval Patrick</a> was expected to make to fill <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>'s <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> seat once the latter resigned<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> to serve as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a>. Frank had initially said he was not interested in the seat, but went on to change his mind, noting that "that [fiscal cliff] deal now means that February, March, and April are going to be among the most important months in American financial history". He said he would not run in the special election that would be held to fill the seat for the remainder of Kerry's term.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Frank joined the board of directors of the New York-based <a href="/wiki/Signature_Bank" title="Signature Bank">Signature Bank</a> on June 17, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-blogs.wsj.com-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> In 2018, Frank was featured on <a href="/wiki/Sacha_Baron_Cohen" title="Sacha Baron Cohen">Sacha Baron Cohen</a>'s spoof comedy series <a href="/wiki/Who_Is_America%3F" title="Who Is America?">Who Is America?</a>, discussing the <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape" title="Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape">Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate conspiracy theory</a> with Baron Cohen's alter ego Billy Wayne Ruddick Jr. Frank eventually walked out of the interview. On December 8, 2022, Frank, despite being retired from the U.S. Congress, was present on the floor of the House of Representatives when the <a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">Respect for Marriage Act</a> was successfully passed.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/house-poised-pass-bill-protecting-same-sex-interracial/story?id=94494928">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> Frank resides in a studio apartment complex in <a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton, Massachusetts</a>. His husband, Jim Ready, is a <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a> enthusiast whom Frank met during a gay political fundraiser in <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Advocate2-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> On July 7, 2012, Frank married Ready at the Boston Marriott Newton in suburban <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Frank's net worth was estimated by <a href="/wiki/OpenSecrets" title="OpenSecrets">OpenSecrets</a> to be between $619,024 and $1,510,000.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Frank chose not to participate in the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_pension" title="Congressional pension">Congressional pension</a> system. He said he did not believe that he would live long enough after retirement to reap benefits over contributions, and that he was convinced that he would remain single and have no beneficiary.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> His sister, <a href="/wiki/Ann_Lewis" title="Ann Lewis">Ann Lewis</a>, served as a senior adviser for the <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign">Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Subsequently, after leaving office, I half jokingly objected when Bill Maher, one of my favorite TV hosts, asked if I felt uncomfortable sitting next to a pot-smoking atheist on the set of his show. I replied that that there were two of us on that stage who fit those categories. The media reached the conclusion that I had come out as an atheist. In fact, I am not an atheist. I don't know enough to have any firm view on the subject, and it has never seemed important to me. I have had a life-long aversion to wrestling with questions that I know I can never answer. My tolerance for intellectual uncertainty is very low.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank2015218-124">[124]</a> </blockquote> </div> On August 3, 2013, Frank expressed sympathy with the host's <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a> on the television program <a href="/wiki/Real_Time_with_Bill_Maher" title="Real Time with Bill Maher">Real Time with Bill Maher</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In his biography, however, Frank states unequivocally that he is not an atheist and is uncomfortable expressing firm views on questions for which he is unable to provide an answer. Frank's agnosticism led him to resolve—if he had been appointed as interim senator—to take the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office" title="Oath of office">oath of office</a> on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>, rather than the Bible. For most of his life and entire congressional career, Frank was known as a Jew. Frank continues to identify strongly with the Jewish community and has been careful throughout his career that his agnosticism not reflect negatively on other Jews. For example, when he stopped going to temple services on the <a href="/wiki/High_Holy_Days" title="High Holy Days">High Holy Days</a> he was careful to remain at home and out of the public eye so that other Jews would not be criticized using his example.<a href="#cite_note-us.macmillan.com-10">[10]</a> In May 2014, the <a href="/wiki/American_Humanist_Association" title="American Humanist Association">American Humanist Association</a> awarded Frank the Humanist of the Year<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> and during his acceptance speech he spoke about his personal beliefs and the complexities of working in government. He talked primarily about the politicized case of <a href="/wiki/Terri_Schiavo" class="mw-redirect" title="Terri Schiavo">Terri Schiavo</a> and the public's evolving view about government intrusion into personal healthcare decisions.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">That notion, that there was a religious obligation to intervene in human affairs, angered most of the American people. You've got to show people what the implications are of the view that religion should govern our public affairs, as opposed to being merely a personal guide.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexuality">Sexuality</h3></div> According to Stuart Weisberg's 2009 biography Barney Frank: The Story of America's Only Left-Handed, Gay, Jewish Congressman, Frank dated women in an effort to deny his homosexuality. His last romance with a woman was a nearly two-year-long affair with Irish-American Catholic <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Sullivan_Alioto" title="Kathleen Sullivan Alioto">Kathleen Sullivan</a>, a Boston School Committee member and the daughter of former <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a> owner <a href="/wiki/Billy_Sullivan_(American_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billy Sullivan (American football)">Billy Sullivan</a>, that began in 1974. When the two split up, at Frank's instigation, he admitted to her that he was gay. He was still closeted publicly. According to Frank, he "realized it was crazy" to try to have a romance with someone he cared for but was not sexually compatible with due to his homosexuality. "That was the last effort to avoid being gay," Weisberg quotes Frank as saying. Frank never again dated a woman.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> In 2015, in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Boston_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Magazine">Boston Magazine</a>, Frank said it was unfair to Sullivan to date her with him being gay.<a href="#cite_note-dating-129">[129]</a> Frank started <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">coming out</a> as gay to friends before he ran for Congress and came out publicly on May 30, 1987, "prompted in part by increased media interest in his private life" and the death of <a href="/wiki/Stewart_McKinney_(politician)" title="Stewart McKinney (politician)">Stewart McKinney</a>, "a <a href="/wiki/Closeted" title="Closeted">closeted</a> <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a> Republican representative from Connecticut". Frank told The Washington Post after McKinney's death that there was "An unfortunate debate about 'Was he or wasn't he? Didn't he or did he?' I said to myself, I don't want that to happen to me."<a href="#cite_note-anniversary-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-to_be_Frank-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barney-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[note 1]</a> Frank's announcement had little impact on his electoral prospects.<a href="#cite_note-to_be_Frank-131">[131]</a> Shortly after coming out, Frank met and began dating Herb Moses, an economist and LGBT activist; their relationship lasted for eleven years until an amicable break-up in July 1998.<a href="#cite_note-to_be_Frank-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-DC's_Most_Influ-134">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-And_Then_The-135">[134]</a> Moses, who was an executive at Fannie Mae from 1991 to 1998, was the first partner of an openly gay member of Congress to receive spousal benefits and the two were considered "Washington's most powerful and influential gay couple".<a href="#cite_note-DC's_Most_Influ-134">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 4th congressional district">Massachusetts's 4th congressional district</a>: Results 1980–2010<a href="#cite_note-clerk-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-fedelect-137">[136]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th> </th> <th>Democrat </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th> </th> <th>Republican </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th> </th> <th>Third Party </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th> </th> <th>Third Party </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 1980">1980</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">103,466 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Richard Jones </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">95,898 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">48% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 1982">1982</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">151,305 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">60% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Heckler" title="Margaret Heckler">Margaret Heckler</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">82,804 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">40% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 1984">1984</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">172,903 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">74% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Jim Forte </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60,121 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">26% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 1986">1986</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">134,387 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">89% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">No candidate </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Thomas DeVisscher </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politics)">Independent</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC" align="right">16,857 </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC" align="right">11% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 1988">1988</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">169,729 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">70% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Debra Tucker </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">71,661 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">30% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 1990">1990</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">143,473 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">66% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">John Soto </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">75,454 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">34% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 1992">1992</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">182,633 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">68% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Edward McCormick </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">70,665 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">26% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Luke Lumina </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Independent Voters </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC" align="right">13,670 </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC" align="right">5% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Dennis Ingalls </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_for_LaRouche" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom for LaRouche">Freedom for LaRouche</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC" align="right">2,797 </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC" align="right">1% </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 1994">1994</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">168,942 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">99% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">No candidate </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Others </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC"> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC" align="right">853 </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC" align="right">1% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 1996">1996</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">183,844 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">72% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Jonathan Raymond </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">72,701 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">28% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_1998" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 1998">1998</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">148,340 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">98% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">No candidate </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Others </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC"> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC" align="right">2,380 </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC" align="right">2% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 2000">2000</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">200,638 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">75% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Martin Travis </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">56,553 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">21% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#FED105">David Euchner </td> <td style="background:#FED105"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> </td> <td style="background:#FED105">10,553 </td> <td style="background:#FED105">4% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_2002" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 2002">2002</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">166,125 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">99% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">No candidate </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Others </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC"> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">1,691 </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">1% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 2004">2004</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">219,260 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">78% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">No candidate </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Morse_(journalist)" title="Chuck Morse (journalist)">Charles Morse</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politics)">Independent</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">62,293 </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">22% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 2006">2006</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">196,513 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">98% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">No candidate </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Others </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC"> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">2,730 </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">1% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 2008">2008</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">203,032 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">68% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Earl Sholley </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">75,571 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">25% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Susan Allen </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politics)">Independent</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">19,848 </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">7% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_election,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House election, 2010">2010</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Barney Frank </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">126,194 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">54% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Bielat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sean Bielat">Sean Bielat</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">101,517 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">43% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Susan Allen </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politics)">Independent</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">3,445 </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">1% </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Donald Jordan </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Tax Revolt Independent </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">2,873 </td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC">1% </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FeWOGwAACAAJ">Financing Foreign Aid: A Case Study in the Budgetary Process</a> (1962)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9g1BGwAACAAJ">Budget for a Strong America</a> (1989)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/speakingfranklyw00fran">Speaking Frankly: What's Wrong with the Democrats and How to Fix It</a> (1992)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/194550.Improper_Bostonians">Improper Bostonians: Lesbian and Gay History from the Puritans to Playland (Foreword by Barney Frank)</a> (2000)</li> <li>"American Immigration Law: A Case Study in the Effective Use of the Political Process" in J. D'Emilio (Ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1184239.Creating_Change">Creating Change: Sexuality, Public Policy, and Civil Rights (pp 208-235).</a> St. Martin's Press (2000)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/656001.Positively_Gay">Positively Gay: New Approaches to Gay and Lesbian Life (Foreword by Barney Frank)</a> (2001)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/19504729-dodd-frank-wall-street-reform-and-consumer-protection-act-or-hr-4173">"Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act or HR 4173 (with 111th Congress and Christopher J. Dodd)"</a> (2010)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/10367700-crossing-the-barriers">Crossing the Barriers: The Autobiography of Allan H. Spear (Foreword by Barney Frank)</a> (2010)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/8305903-on-the-brink">On the Brink: Inside the Race to Stop the Collapse of the Global Financial System (Foreword by Barney Frank)</a> (2011)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/30825332-time-on-two-crosses">Time on Two Crosses: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin (Afterword by Barney Frank)"</a> (2014)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22237165-frank">Frank: A Life in Politics from the Great Society to Same-Sex Marriage</a> (2015)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/49432910-dodd-frank-wall-street-reform-and-consumer-protection-act-hr-4173">"Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, HR 4173 (with 111th Congress and Christopher J. Dodd)"</a> (2017)</li> <li>"The Economic and Political Implications of the Dodd-Frank Act" in S. O'Halloran & T. Groll (Eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/50830288-after-the-crash">After the Crash: Financial Crises and Regulatory Responses (pp 261-280). </a> Columbia University Press (2019)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2007310500">Let's Get Frank (2003)</a> by Bart Everly (executive produced by Jonathan Van Meter, co-produced by Ruth Rachel Anderson-Avraham), <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> (LOC) Catalog</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2452352/">Compared to What: The Improbable Journey of Barney Frank (2014)</a> by Sheila Canavan and Michael Chandler, IMDb</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Boston">LGBT culture in Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Jewish members of the United States Congress">List of Jewish members of the United States Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT members of the United States Congress">List of LGBT members of the United States Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">List of federal political scandals in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_sex_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political sex scandals in the United States">List of federal political sex scandals in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_expelled,_censured,_or_reprimanded" title="List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded">List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> Frank, who was elected to the House in 1980, was the first gay congressional representative to <a href="/wiki/Come_out" class="mw-redirect" title="Come out">come out</a> on his own. Congressman <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">Gerry Studds</a> had been the only openly gay federal legislator, having survived the revelation during a <a href="/wiki/1983_congressional_page_sex_scandal" title="1983 congressional page sex scandal">1983 Congressional sex scandal</a> that he had had a relationship with a seventeen-year-old male <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Page" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives Page">page</a> a decade earlier. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120719164948/http://www.biography.com/people/barney-frank-20878097">"Barney Frank Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Biography_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Biography Channel">The Biography Channel</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/barney-frank-20878097">the original</a> on July 19, 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barney+Frank+Biography&rft.pub=The+Biography+Channel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fbarney-frank-20878097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeoples2012" class="citation news cs1">Peoples, Steve (December 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121217144353/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/liberal-icon-frank-eyes-high-profile-retirement">"Liberal icon Frank eyes high-profile retirement"</a>. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/liberal-icon-frank-eyes-high-profile-retirement">the original</a> on December 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Liberal+icon+Frank+eyes+high-profile+retirement&rft.date=2012-12-16&rft.aulast=Peoples&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigstory.ap.org%2Farticle%2Fliberal-icon-frank-eyes-high-profile-retirement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Keefe2012" class="citation news cs1">O'Keefe, Ed (December 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/2chambers/wp/2012/12/03/when-barney-frank-announced-he-was-coming-out-of-the-room-er-the-closet/">"When Barney Frank announced he was 'coming out of the room' (er ... the closet)"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=When+Barney+Frank+announced+he+was+%27coming+out+of+the+room%27+%28er+...+the+closet%29&rft.date=2012-12-03&rft.aulast=O%27Keefe&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2F2chambers%2Fwp%2F2012%2F12%2F03%2Fwhen-barney-frank-announced-he-was-coming-out-of-the-room-er-the-closet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiritsy2007" class="citation news cs1">Kiritsy, Laura (May 31, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119181159/http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=glbt&sc2=news&sc3=&id=20762">"Happy Anniversary, Barney Frank!"</a>. Edge Boston. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=glbt&sc2=news&sc3=&id=20762">the original</a> on January 19, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Edge+Boston&rft.atitle=Happy+Anniversary%2C+Barney+Frank%21&rft.date=2007-05-31&rft.aulast=Kiritsy&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edgeboston.com%2Findex.php%3Fch%3Dnews%26sc%3Dglbt%26sc2%3Dnews%26sc3%3D%26id%3D20762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.out.com/out-exclusives/power-50/2009/04/03/3rd-annual-power-50#slide-49">"3rd Annual Power 50"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Out_(magazine)" title="Out (magazine)">Out</a>. April 2009. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Out&rft.atitle=3rd+Annual+Power+50&rft.date=2009-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.out.com%2Fout-exclusives%2Fpower-50%2F2009%2F04%2F03%2F3rd-annual-power-50%23slide-49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaroneUjifusa1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barone_(pundit)" title="Michael Barone (pundit)">Barone, Michael</a>; Ujifusa, Grant (1987). <a href="/wiki/The_Almanac_of_American_Politics" title="The Almanac of American Politics">The Almanac of American Politics 1988</a>. p. 555.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Almanac+of+American+Politics+1988&rft.pages=555&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Barone&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Ujifusa%2C+Grant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSink2012" class="citation web cs1">Sink, Justin (January 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/104077-barney-frank-to-marry-longtime-partner/">"Barney Frank To Marry Longtime Partner"</a>. The Hill. Retrieved March 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Barney+Frank+To+Marry+Longtime+Partner&rft.date=2012-01-26&rft.aulast=Sink&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fblog-briefing-room%2Fnews%2F104077-barney-frank-to-marry-longtime-partner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoh2012" class="citation news cs1">Goh, Melisa (July 8, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2012/07/08/156458523/barney-frank-gets-married-the-bridegrooms-wore-black">"Barney Frank Gets Married; The Bridegrooms Wore Black"</a>. NPR. Retrieved March 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Barney+Frank+Gets+Married%3B+The+Bridegrooms+Wore+Black&rft.date=2012-07-08&rft.aulast=Goh&rft.aufirst=Melisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2012%2F07%2F08%2F156458523%2Fbarney-frank-gets-married-the-bridegrooms-wore-black&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2011" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, jessica (November 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111130005018/http://hotlineoncall.nationaljournal.com/archives/2011/11/barney-frank-to.php">"Barney Frank to retire from Congress"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hotlineoncall.nationaljournal.com/archives/2011/11/barney-frank-to.php">the original</a> on November 30, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Journal&rft.atitle=Barney+Frank+to+retire+from+Congress&rft.date=2011-11-28&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=jessica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhotlineoncall.nationaljournal.com%2Farchives%2F2011%2F11%2Fbarney-frank-to.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-us.macmillan.com-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-us.macmillan.com_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-us.macmillan.com_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacmillan" class="citation web cs1">Macmillan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://us.macmillan.com/frank/barneyfrank">"Frank"</a>. Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macmillan&rft.atitle=Frank&rft.au=Macmillan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fus.macmillan.com%2Ffrank%2Fbarneyfrank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2015/03/16/book-review-frank-life-politics-from-great-society-same-sex-marriage-barney-frank/pcULlWUpdM4DgLgurxbc3L/story.html">"'Frank: A Life in Politics From the Great Society to Same-Sex Marriage' by Barney Frank"</a>. The Boston Globe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=%27Frank%3A+A+Life+in+Politics+From+the+Great+Society+to+Same-Sex+Marriage%27+by+Barney+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Farts%2Fbooks%2F2015%2F03%2F16%2Fbook-review-frank-life-politics-from-great-society-same-sex-marriage-barney-frank%2FpcULlWUpdM4DgLgurxbc3L%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1975-76-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1975-76_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1975-76_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manualforuseofge200506mass/page/338/mode/2up">"Organization of the Legislature Since 1780"</a>. Manual for the Use of the General Court. Boston: Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 2005. p. 338+.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Organization+of+the+Legislature+Since+1780&rft.btitle=Manual+for+the+Use+of+the+General+Court&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=338%2B&rft.pub=Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanualforuseofge200506mass%2Fpage%2F338%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1973-1974-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1973-1974_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1973-1974_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/publicofficersof19731974bost/page/n3/mode/2up">1973–1974 Public Officers of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts</a>. 1973 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1973%E2%80%931974+Public+Officers+of+the+Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpublicofficersof19731974bost%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1977-78-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1977-78_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1977-78_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/publicofficersof19771978bost">1977–1978 Public Officers of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts</a>. 1977 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1977%E2%80%931978+Public+Officers+of+the+Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpublicofficersof19771978bost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1979-80-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1979-80_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1979-80_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/publicofficersof19791980bost/mode/2up">1979-1980 Public Officers of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts</a>. Boston.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1979-1980+Public+Officers+of+the+Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts&rft.place=Boston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpublicofficersof19791980bost%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCusack2009" class="citation news cs1">Cusack, Bob (September 7, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/house/49669-barney-frank-wants-cabinet-post/">"Barney Frank wants Cabinet post"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. Retrieved September 8, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Barney+Frank+wants+Cabinet+post&rft.date=2009-09-07&rft.aulast=Cusack&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fhouse%2F49669-barney-frank-wants-cabinet-post%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413235145/https://www.nysun.com/arts/elsie-frank-92-activist-mother-of-rep-barney">"Elsie Frank, 92, Activist Mother of Rep. Barney Frank and Ann Lewis"</a>. The New York Sun. August 9, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nysun.com/arts/elsie-frank-92-activist-mother-of-rep-barney">the original</a> on April 13, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Sun&rft.atitle=Elsie+Frank%2C+92%2C+Activist+Mother+of+Rep.+Barney+Frank+and+Ann+Lewis&rft.date=2005-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysun.com%2Farts%2Felsie-frank-92-activist-mother-of-rep-barney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130704072736/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/reps/frank.htm">"barney frank"</a>. Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/reps/frank.htm">the original</a> on July 4, 2013. Retrieved March 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=barney+frank&rft.pub=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com%2F~battle%2Freps%2Ffrank.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toobin-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Toobin_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toobin_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toobin_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toobin_19-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toobin_19-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toobin_19-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_Toobin2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Jeffrey Toobin (January 5, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/01/12/090112fa_fact_toobin">"Barney's Great Adventure: The most outspoken man in the House gets some real power"</a>. The New Yorker.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Barney%27s+Great+Adventure%3A+The+most+outspoken+man+in+the+House+gets+some+real+power&rft.date=2009-01-05&rft.au=Jeffrey+Toobin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Freporting%2F2009%2F01%2F12%2F090112fa_fact_toobin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Bruce Watson, Freedom Summer: The Savage Season That Made Mississippi Burn and Made America a Democracy, at 161–162 (Viking 2010). </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9J9lw2MSG0">Speech at the Council of Foreign Relations</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, November 14, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"A Frank Suggestion: Hookers in the Financial District". Boston Herald-American. November 25, 1976.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Herald-American&rft.atitle=A+Frank+Suggestion%3A+Hookers+in+the+Financial+District&rft.date=1976-11-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer,_Anne_Gray2009" class="citation web cs1">Fischer, Anne Gray (September 29, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724094328/http://v.tgdn.net/2009/09/guest-post-anne-gray-fischer-history-of-the-combat-zone.html">"Guest Post: Anne Gray Fischer Presents A History of 'The Combat Zone'"</a>. Vernacular. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://v.tgdn.net/2009/09/guest-post-anne-gray-fischer-history-of-the-combat-zone.html">the original</a> on July 24, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vernacular&rft.atitle=Guest+Post%3A+Anne+Gray+Fischer+Presents+A+History+of+%27The+Combat+Zone%27&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft.au=Fischer%2C+Anne+Gray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fv.tgdn.net%2F2009%2F09%2Fguest-post-anne-gray-fischer-history-of-the-combat-zone.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=412560">"MA District 4 – D Primary Race – Sep 16, 1980"</a>. Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MA+District+4+%E2%80%93+D+Primary+Race+%E2%80%93+Sep+16%2C+1980&rft.pub=Our+Campaigns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D412560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/massachusettsele1980mass">Massachusetts Election Results, 1980</a>. 1980.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Massachusetts+Election+Results%2C+1980&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmassachusettsele1980mass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClerk_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives1981" class="citation book cs1">Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1980election.pdf">Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 4, 1980</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statistics+of+the+Presidential+and+Congressional+Election+of+November+4%2C+1980&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1981&rft.au=Clerk+of+the+U.S.+House+of+Representatives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclerk.house.gov%2Fmember_info%2FelectionInfo%2F1980election.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=49564">"MA District 4 Race – Nov 04, 1980"</a>. Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MA+District+4+Race+%E2%80%93+Nov+04%2C+1980&rft.pub=Our+Campaigns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D49564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=37091">"MA District 4 Race – Nov 02, 1982"</a>. Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MA+District+4+Race+%E2%80%93+Nov+02%2C+1982&rft.pub=Our+Campaigns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D37091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Advocate-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Advocate_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Advocate_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Advocate_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Advocate_29-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2008" class="citation news cs1">Gallagher, John (September 9, 2008). "Politics: A Broader Bully Pulpit: As Congress grapples with solutions for a faltering economy, Barney Frank sits at the center of power". <a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(LGBT_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Advocate (LGBT magazine)">The Advocate</a>. p. 24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Advocate&rft.atitle=Politics%3A+A+Broader+Bully+Pulpit%3A+As+Congress+grapples+with+solutions+for+a+faltering+economy%2C+Barney+Frank+sits+at+the+center+of+power&rft.pages=24&rft.date=2008-09-09&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Advocate2-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Advocate2_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Advocate2_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenoit_Denizet-Lewis,_with_photographs_by_Henry_Leutwyler2009" class="citation web cs1">Benoit Denizet-Lewis, with photographs by Henry Leutwyler (January 13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090126083533/http://advocate.com/issue_story_ektid67124.asp">"Harrumph! Barney Frank is smiling. Really. (front cover, pages 56–61)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(LGBT_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Advocate (LGBT magazine)">The Advocate</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://advocate.com/issue_story_ektid67124.asp">the original</a> on January 26, 2009. Retrieved December 11, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Advocate&rft.atitle=Harrumph%21+Barney+Frank+is+smiling.+Really.+%28front+cover%2C+pages+56%E2%80%9361%29&rft.date=2009-01-13&rft.au=Benoit+Denizet-Lewis%2C+with+photographs+by+Henry+Leutwyler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadvocate.com%2Fissue_story_ektid67124.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=982">"Candidate – Barney Frank"</a>. Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Candidate+%E2%80%93+Barney+Frank&rft.pub=Our+Campaigns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FCandidateDetail.html%3FCandidateID%3D982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=235392">"Candidate – Sean Bielat"</a>. Our Campaigns. September 14, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Candidate+%E2%80%93+Sean+Bielat&rft.pub=Our+Campaigns&rft.date=2010-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FCandidateDetail.html%3FCandidateID%3D235392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111219095920/http://www.seanbielat.org/news/2010-09-22/poll-support-barney-frank-drops-below-50-bielat-within-10">"Poll: Support for Barney Frank Drops Below 50%; Bielat within 10 | Sean Bielat for Congress"</a>. Seanbielat.org. September 22, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seanbielat.org/news/2010-09-22/poll-support-barney-frank-drops-below-50-bielat-within-10">the original</a> on December 19, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poll%3A+Support+for+Barney+Frank+Drops+Below+50%25%3B+Bielat+within+10+%26%23124%3B+Sean+Bielat+for+Congress&rft.pub=Seanbielat.org&rft.date=2010-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seanbielat.org%2Fnews%2F2010-09-22%2Fpoll-support-barney-frank-drops-below-50-bielat-within-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101022002621/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20020175-503544.html">"Barney Frank Loans Campaign $200K as He Fights Tea Party Challenge – Political Hotsheet"</a>. CBS News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20020175-503544.html">the original</a> on October 22, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Barney+Frank+Loans+Campaign+%24200K+as+He+Fights+Tea+Party+Challenge+%E2%80%93+Political+Hotsheet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2F8301-503544_162-20020175-503544.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmanda_Paulson2010" class="citation web cs1">Amanda Paulson (October 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/The-Vote/2010/1019/Could-Barney-Frank-lose-his-House-seat-to-newcomer-Sean-Bielat">"Could Barney Frank lose his House seat to newcomer Sean Bielat?"</a>. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved December 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Could+Barney+Frank+lose+his+House+seat+to+newcomer+Sean+Bielat%3F&rft.date=2010-10-19&rft.au=Amanda+Paulson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FUSA%2FPolitics%2FThe-Vote%2F2010%2F1019%2FCould-Barney-Frank-lose-his-House-seat-to-newcomer-Sean-Bielat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWirzbicki2010" class="citation news cs1">Wirzbicki, Alan (October 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2010/10/25/democrats_hold_edge_in_two_key_house_contests/">"Democrats hold edge in two key House contests"</a>. The Boston Globe. Retrieved December 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Democrats+hold+edge+in+two+key+House+contests&rft.date=2010-10-25&rft.aulast=Wirzbicki&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmassachusetts%2Farticles%2F2010%2F10%2F25%2Fdemocrats_hold_edge_in_two_key_house_contests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=490778">"MA – District 04 Race – Nov 02, 2010"</a>. Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MA+%E2%80%93+District+04+Race+%E2%80%93+Nov+02%2C+2010&rft.pub=Our+Campaigns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D490778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mayflower-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mayflower_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mayflower_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mayflower_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mayflower_38-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mayflower_38-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDedman1989" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Dedman" title="Bill Dedman">Dedman, Bill</a> (August 27, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/tours/scandal/gobie2.htm">"TV Movie Led to Prostitute's Disclosures"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961225013122/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/tours/scandal/gobie2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 1996. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=TV+Movie+Led+to+Prostitute%27s+Disclosures&rft.date=1989-08-27&rft.aulast=Dedman&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Flocal%2Flongterm%2Ftours%2Fscandal%2Fgobie2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skeleton-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Skeleton_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skeleton_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlson1989" class="citation magazine cs1">Carlson, Margaret (September 25, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/vault/issue/1989-09-25/page/24/">"A Skeleton in Barney's Closet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Vol. 134, no. 13. p. 24. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=A+Skeleton+in+Barney%27s+Closet&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1989-09-25&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Fvault%2Fissue%2F1989-09-25%2Fpage%2F24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOreskes,_Michael1989" class="citation news cs1">Oreskes, Michael (August 29, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/29/us/rep-frank-asks-for-full-inquiry-by-ethics-panel.html">"Rep. Frank Asks For Full Inquiry By Ethics Panel"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508131447/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/29/us/rep-frank-asks-for-full-inquiry-by-ethics-panel.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rep.+Frank+Asks+For+Full+Inquiry+By+Ethics+Panel&rft.date=1989-08-29&rft.au=Oreskes%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F08%2F29%2Fus%2Frep-frank-asks-for-full-inquiry-by-ethics-panel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, Page 37 -"In numerous instances where an assertion made by Mr. Gobie (either publicly or during his Committee deposition) was investigated for accuracy, the assertion was contradicted by third-party sworn testimony or other evidence of Mr. Gobie himself." </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/evs/1990/roll271.xml">"Final Vote Results for Roll Call 271"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Vote+Results+for+Roll+Call+271&rft.pub=United+States+House+of+Representatives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclerk.house.gov%2Fevs%2F1990%2Froll271.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPovich1990" class="citation news cs1">Povich, Elaine S. (July 27, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111205201113/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1990-07-27/news/9003030287_1_stephen-gobie-male-prostitute-reprimand">"Frank Reprimanded for Aiding Prostitute"</a>. Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1990/07/27/frank-reprimanded-for-aiding-prostitute/">the original</a> on December 5, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Frank+Reprimanded+for+Aiding+Prostitute&rft.date=1990-07-27&rft.aulast=Povich&rft.aufirst=Elaine+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F1990%2F07%2F27%2Ffrank-reprimanded-for-aiding-prostitute%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans,_RowlandNovak,_Robert1989" class="citation news cs1">Evans, Rowland; Novak, Robert (October 17, 1989). "What to do about Barney Frank // Congress faces nasty confrontation on handling sexual misconduct". Austin American Statesman. Austin, Texas. p. A.8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Austin+American+Statesman&rft.atitle=What+to+do+about+Barney+Frank+%2F%2F+Congress+faces+nasty+confrontation+on+handling+sexual+misconduct&rft.pages=A.8&rft.date=1989-10-17&rft.au=Evans%2C+Rowland&rft.au=Novak%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Outrage_(2009_film)" title="Outrage (2009 film)">Outrage</a> (2009), Kirby Dick, writer and director; Amy Ziering, producer; Douglas Blush and Matthew Clarke, editors; Chain Camera Pictures; Magnolia Pictures, distributor. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Hehir,_Andrew2009" class="citation web cs1">O'Hehir, Andrew (May 7, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2009/05/07/kirby_dick/">"Beyond the Multiplex: Behind Washington's closet door"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salon.com&rft.atitle=Beyond+the+Multiplex%3A+Behind+Washington%27s+closet+door&rft.date=2009-05-07&rft.au=O%27Hehir%2C+Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2009%2F05%2F07%2Fkirby_dick%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEspo2007" class="citation web cs1">Espo, David (August 29, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070907165735/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070829/ap_on_go_co/craig_arrest">"GOP senators say Craig should resign"</a>. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070829/ap_on_go_co/craig_arrest">the original</a> on September 7, 2007. Retrieved July 20, 2024 – via Yahoo News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GOP+senators+say+Craig+should+resign&rft.date=2007-08-29&rft.aulast=Espo&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fs%2Fap%2F20070829%2Fap_on_go_co%2Fcraig_arrest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane,_Charles2010" class="citation news cs1">Lane, Charles (November 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112032844/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/postpartisan/2010/11/sean_bielat_sore_loser.html">"Sean Bielat, sore loser"</a>. PostPartisan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/postpartisan/2010/11/sean_bielat_sore_loser.html">the original</a> on January 12, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PostPartisan&rft.atitle=Sean+Bielat%2C+sore+loser&rft.date=2010-11-03&rft.au=Lane%2C+Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoices.washingtonpost.com%2Fpostpartisan%2F2010%2F11%2Fsean_bielat_sore_loser.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eisner_2004-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eisner_2004_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eisner_2004_49-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisner2004" class="citation web cs1">Eisner, Ken (October 26, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2004/film/reviews/let-s-get-frank-1200529955/">"Let's Get Frank"</a>. Variety. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Let%27s+Get+Frank&rft.date=2004-10-26&rft.aulast=Eisner&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2004%2Ffilm%2Freviews%2Flet-s-get-frank-1200529955%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalter2004" class="citation web cs1">Halter, Ed (July 12, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040722051034/http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0428/halter1.php">"Barney Rumble: Superficial Doc Revisits Clinton's Gay '90s"</a>. The Village Voice. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.villagevoice.com/2004/07/06/barney-rumble-superficial-doc-revisits-clintons-gay-90s/">the original</a> on July 22, 2004. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Village+Voice&rft.atitle=Barney+Rumble%3A+Superficial+Doc+Revisits+Clinton%27s+Gay+%2790s&rft.date=2004-07-12&rft.aulast=Halter&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.villagevoice.com%2F2004%2F07%2F06%2Fbarney-rumble-superficial-doc-revisits-clintons-gay-90s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2007310500">Let's Get Frank (2003) - Library of Congress (LOC)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections-search.bfi.org.uk/web/Details/ChoiceFilmWorks/150699956">Let's Get Frank (2003) - British Film Institute (BFI)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanati2008" class="citation news cs1">Sanati, Cyrus (October 9, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/f/barney_frank/index.html">"Barney Frank"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100329182118/http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/f/barney_frank/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2010. Retrieved April 23, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Barney+Frank&rft.date=2008-10-09&rft.aulast=Sanati&rft.aufirst=Cyrus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftopics.nytimes.com%2Ftop%2Freference%2Ftimestopics%2Fpeople%2Ff%2Fbarney_frank%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050129132007/http://www.planetout.com/news/article-print.html?1998/09/09/5">"Frank Part of Starr Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PlanetOut_Inc." title="PlanetOut Inc.">PlanetOut Inc.</a> September 9, 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetout.com/news/article-print.html?1998/09/09/5">the original</a> on January 29, 2005. Retrieved October 25, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Part+of+Starr+Review&rft.pub=PlanetOut+Inc.&rft.date=1998-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetout.com%2Fnews%2Farticle-print.html%3F1998%2F09%2F09%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061110170209/http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/mediapolitics/1666.html">"Best and Worst of Congress"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washingtonian_(magazine)" title="Washingtonian (magazine)">Washingtonian</a>. September 1, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonian.com/2006/09/01/best-and-worst-of-congress/">the original</a> on November 10, 2006. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washingtonian&rft.atitle=Best+and+Worst+of+Congress&rft.date=2006-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonian.com%2F2006%2F09%2F01%2Fbest-and-worst-of-congress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080901033638/http://www.washingtonian.com/blogarticles/people/capitalcomment/9097.html">"Washingtonian's Best & Worst of Congress"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washingtonian_(magazine)" title="Washingtonian (magazine)">Washingtonian</a>. August 25, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonian.com/blogarticles/people/capitalcomment/9097.html">the original</a> on September 1, 2008. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washingtonian&rft.atitle=Washingtonian%27s+Best+%26+Worst+of+Congress&rft.date=2008-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonian.com%2Fblogarticles%2Fpeople%2Fcapitalcomment%2F9097.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100919041126/http://www.washingtonian.com/print/articles/6/0/16736.html">"2010 Best & Worst of Congress"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washingtonian_(magazine)" title="Washingtonian (magazine)">Washingtonian</a>. September 13, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonian.com/print/articles/6/0/16736.html">the original</a> on September 19, 2010. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washingtonian&rft.atitle=2010+Best+%26+Worst+of+Congress&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonian.com%2Fprint%2Farticles%2F6%2F0%2F16736.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-out-2009-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-out-2009_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-out-2009_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090410144356/http://www.out.com/power50/covers.asp?category=1.%20Barney%20Frank">"3rd Annual Power 50: 1. Barney Frank"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Out_(magazine)" title="Out (magazine)">Out</a>. April 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.out.com/power50/covers.asp?category=1.%20Barney%20Frank">the original</a> on April 10, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Out&rft.atitle=3rd+Annual+Power+50%3A+1.+Barney+Frank&rft.date=2009-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.out.com%2Fpower50%2Fcovers.asp%3Fcategory%3D1.%2520Barney%2520Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60minutes-2008-59"><a href="#cite_ref-60minutes-2008_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218082117/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/12/11/60minutes/main4663945.shtml">"Barney Frank on Bailouts, Welfare"</a>. <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a>. CBS News. December 14, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/barney-frank-on-bailouts-welfare/">the original</a> on December 18, 2008. Retrieved July 20, 2024. <q>Barney Frank has been called the "smartest guy in Congress"...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=60+Minutes&rft.atitle=Barney+Frank+on+Bailouts%2C+Welfare&rft.date=2008-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fbarney-frank-on-bailouts-welfare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/2008/05/13/washington/13barneybox.html">"A Way With Words"</a>. The New York Times. May 13, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424144301/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/13/washington/13barneybox.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Way+With+Words&rft.date=2008-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F05%2F13%2Fwashington%2F13barneybox.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosh_Gottheimer2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Josh_Gottheimer" title="Josh Gottheimer">Josh Gottheimer</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ripplesofhopegre00gott">Ripples of Hope: Great American Civil Rights Speeches</a>. New York: Basic Civitas Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ripplesofhopegre00gott/page/463">463</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-02752-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-02752-0"><bdi>0-465-02752-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ripples+of+Hope%3A+Great+American+Civil+Rights+Speeches&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=463&rft.pub=Basic+Civitas+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-465-02752-0&rft.au=Josh+Gottheimer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fripplesofhopegre00gott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2009" class="citation web cs1">Meyer, Lindsay Renick (November 18, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091122170724/http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2009/11/barney-frank-pushes-for-regula.html">"Barney Frank Pushes for Regulation Despite Financial Industry Funds"</a>. OpenSecrets. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2009/11/barney-frank-pushes-for-regula/">the original</a> on November 22, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barney+Frank+Pushes+for+Regulation+Despite+Financial+Industry+Funds&rft.pub=OpenSecrets&rft.date=2009-11-18&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Lindsay+Renick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opensecrets.org%2Fnews%2F2009%2F11%2Fbarney-frank-pushes-for-regula%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morgenson_and_Rosner_69-70-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morgenson_and_Rosner_69-70_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgenson_and_Rosner_69-70_63-1">b</a> Morgenson and Rosner 2011, pp. 69-70. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSammon,_Bill2008" class="citation news cs1">Sammon, Bill (October 3, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/lawmaker-accused-of-fannie-mae-conflict-of-interest">"Lawmaker Accused of Fannie Mae Conflict of Interest"</a>. Fox News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081005081804/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C432501%2C00.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2008. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lawmaker+Accused+of+Fannie+Mae+Conflict+of+Interest&rft.date=2008-10-03&rft.au=Sammon%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Flawmaker-accused-of-fannie-mae-conflict-of-interest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morgenson_Rosner_68-69-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morgenson_Rosner_68-69_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgenson_Rosner_68-69_65-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgensonRosner2011" class="citation book cs1">Morgenson, Gretchen; Rosner, Joshua (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FwUW2yuJzW0C">Reckless Endangerment: How Outsized Ambition, Greed, and Corruption Led to Economic Armageddon</a>. New York: Times Books. pp. 68–69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-9120-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-9120-5"><bdi>978-0-8050-9120-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reckless+Endangerment%3A+How+Outsized+Ambition%2C+Greed%2C+and+Corruption+Led+to+Economic+Armageddon&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=68-69&rft.pub=Times+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-9120-5&rft.aulast=Morgenson&rft.aufirst=Gretchen&rft.au=Rosner%2C+Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFwUW2yuJzW0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> SEC filing, Fannie Mae, Form 10-K, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/Fannie_Mae_(FNMA)/Filing/10-K/2006/Form_10-K/D43015#114">Filing archived at Wikinvest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150630044827/http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/Fannie_Mae_(FNMA)/Filing/10-K/2006/Form_10-K/D43015#114">Archived</a> June 30, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310522/000095013306005230/0000950133-06-005230.txt">unformatted data at the SEC.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FSATRA-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FSATRA_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FSATRA_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FSATRA_67-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FSATRA_67-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120915080550/http://democrats.financialservices.house.gov/press/PRArticle.aspx?NewsID=465">"Frank Seeks Antidote to Republican Amnesia"</a>. Committee on Financial Services. March 12, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://democrats.financialservices.house.gov/press/PRArticle.aspx?NewsID=465">the original</a> on September 15, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Seeks+Antidote+to+Republican+Amnesia&rft.pub=Committee+on+Financial+Services&rft.date=2009-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemocrats.financialservices.house.gov%2Fpress%2FPRArticle.aspx%3FNewsID%3D465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimesmagazine-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimesmagazine_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimesmagazine_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaldwell,_Christopher2007" class="citation news cs1">Caldwell, Christopher (July 22, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/magazine/22Paul-t.html">"The Antiwar, Anti-Abortion, Anti-Drug-Enforcement-Administration, Anti-Medicare Candidacy of Dr. Ron Paul"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307154508/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/magazine/22Paul-t.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Antiwar%2C+Anti-Abortion%2C+Anti-Drug-Enforcement-Administration%2C+Anti-Medicare+Candidacy+of+Dr.+Ron+Paul&rft.date=2007-07-22&rft.au=Caldwell%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F07%2F22%2Fmagazine%2F22Paul-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loan_Mod-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Loan_Mod_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStory2008" class="citation news cs1">Story, Louise (November 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/2008/11/13/business/economy/13mortgage.html">"Lawmakers Debate Pitfalls of Loan Modification"</a>. The New York Times. p. B3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424164654/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/13/business/economy/13mortgage.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lawmakers+Debate+Pitfalls+of+Loan+Modification&rft.pages=B3&rft.date=2008-11-13&rft.aulast=Story&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F11%2F13%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2F13mortgage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100708001511/http://financialservices.house.gov/FHA.html">"Information about the American Housing Rescue & Foreclosure Prevention Act"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services">United States House Committee on Financial Services</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://financialservices.house.gov/FHA.html">the original</a> on July 8, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+about+the+American+Housing+Rescue+%26+Foreclosure+Prevention+Act&rft.pub=United+States+House+Committee+on+Financial+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffinancialservices.house.gov%2FFHA.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2007" class="citation news cs1">Frank, Barney (August 20, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150507020333/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a6eeecbe-4eb5-11dc-85e7-0000779fd2ac.html%23axzz3ZPk9DCBT">"A (sub)prime argument for more regulation"</a>. Financial Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a6eeecbe-4eb5-11dc-85e7-0000779fd2ac.html">the original</a> on May 7, 2015. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=A+%28sub%29prime+argument+for+more+regulation&rft.date=2007-08-20&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Barney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fa6eeecbe-4eb5-11dc-85e7-0000779fd2ac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/2008/03/29/opinion/29sat3.html">"Plastic Card Tricks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. March 29, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080423162026/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/29/opinion/29sat3.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2008. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Plastic+Card+Tricks&rft.date=2008-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F03%2F29%2Fopinion%2F29sat3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/2008/05/03/opinion/03sat2.html">"The Fed Aims at Credit Cards"</a>. The New York Times. May 3, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424164723/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/03/opinion/03sat2.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Fed+Aims+at+Credit+Cards&rft.date=2008-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F05%2F03%2Fopinion%2F03sat2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828035610/http://www.house.gov/apps/list/press/financialsvcs_dem/press0731083.shtml">"Press release on the Credit Cardholders' Bill of Rights"</a>. House Financial Services Committee. July 31, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.house.gov/apps/list/press/financialsvcs_dem/press0731083.shtml">the original</a> on August 28, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+release+on+the+Credit+Cardholders%27+Bill+of+Rights&rft.pub=House+Financial+Services+Committee&rft.date=2008-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.house.gov%2Fapps%2Flist%2Fpress%2Ffinancialsvcs_dem%2Fpress0731083.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120223082030/http://www.ancor.org/issues/housing/Section811ReformFactSheet03-27-09.pdf">Increase Housing Opportunities for People with Disabilities! Co-Sponsor H.R. 1675: The Frank Melville Supportive Housing Investment Act</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120228232737/http://www.nhtf.org/template/page.cfm?id=40">"National Housing Trust Fund"</a>. Nhtf.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhtf.org/template/page.cfm?id=40">the original</a> on February 28, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Housing+Trust+Fund&rft.pub=Nhtf.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhtf.org%2Ftemplate%2Fpage.cfm%3Fid%3D40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ALWBB-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ALWBB_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ALWBB_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerszenhorn2008" class="citation news cs1">Herszenhorn, David M. (May 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/13/washington/13barney.html">"A Liberal Wit Builds Bridges to the G.O.P"</a>. The New York Times. p. A1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424164707/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/13/washington/13barney.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Liberal+Wit+Builds+Bridges+to+the+G.O.P&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2008-05-13&rft.aulast=Herszenhorn&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F05%2F13%2Fwashington%2F13barney.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreitfeldStory2009" class="citation news cs1">Streitfeld, David; Story, Louise (October 9, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/2009/10/09/business/09fha.html">"F.H.A. Problems Raising Concern of Policy Makers"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710075934/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/09/business/09fha.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=F.H.A.+Problems+Raising+Concern+of+Policy+Makers&rft.date=2009-10-09&rft.aulast=Streitfeld&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Story%2C+Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F10%2F09%2Fbusiness%2F09fha.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100821012207/http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/government-and-you/us-government/congressional-records/congressional-record-on-choice-2009.pdf">"2009 Congressional Record on Choice"</a> (PDF). NARAL. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/government-and-you/us-government/congressional-records/congressional-record-on-choice-2009.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on August 21, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+Congressional+Record+on+Choice&rft.pub=NARAL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prochoiceamerica.org%2Fgovernment-and-you%2Fus-government%2Fcongressional-records%2Fcongressional-record-on-choice-2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2003/roll530.xml">"Final Vote Results for Roll Call 530 (Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act)"</a>. House of Representatives. October 2, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Vote+Results+for+Roll+Call+530+%28Partial-Birth+Abortion+Ban+Act%29&rft.pub=House+of+Representatives&rft.date=2003-10-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclerk.house.gov%2Fevs%2F2003%2Froll530.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2004/roll031.xml">"Final Vote Results for Roll Call 31 (Unborn Victims of Violence Act)"</a>. House of Representatives. February 26, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Vote+Results+for+Roll+Call+31+%28Unborn+Victims+of+Violence+Act%29&rft.pub=House+of+Representatives&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclerk.house.gov%2Fevs%2F2004%2Froll031.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-foa-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foa_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-foa_82-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-foa_82-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank_Abortion.htm">"Barney Frank on Abortion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/On_the_Issues" title="On the Issues">On the Issues</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barney+Frank+on+Abortion&rft.pub=On+the+Issues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2FMA%2FBarney_Frank_Abortion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank.htm">"Barney Frank on Abortion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/On_the_Issues" title="On the Issues">On the Issues</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barney+Frank+on+Abortion&rft.pub=On+the+Issues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2FMA%2FBarney_Frank.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncrr-la.org/NCRR_archives/welcome_intro.htm">"Intro"</a>. NCRR – Nikkei for Civil Rights and Redress.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intro&rft.pub=NCRR+%E2%80%93+Nikkei+for+Civil+Rights+and+Redress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncrr-la.org%2FNCRR_archives%2Fwelcome_intro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726065359/http://www.fresnocountybar.org/files/Ikeda-Japanese_Internment-Redress.doc">"The Japanese-American Story of Internment and Redress"</a>. Fresno County Bar Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fresnocountybar.org/files/Ikeda-Japanese_Internment-Redress.doc">the original</a> on July 26, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Japanese-American+Story+of+Internment+and+Redress&rft.pub=Fresno+County+Bar+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fresnocountybar.org%2Ffiles%2FIkeda-Japanese_Internment-Redress.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCvl-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FCvl_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCvl_86-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCvl_86-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCvl_86-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCvl_86-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCvl_86-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCvl_86-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCvl_86-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank_Civil_Rights.htm">"Barney Frank on Civil Rights"</a>. <a href="/wiki/On_the_Issues" title="On the Issues">On the Issues</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barney+Frank+on+Civil+Rights&rft.pub=On+the+Issues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2FMA%2FBarney_Frank_Civil_Rights.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnna_Margolis,_Anna2006" class="citation web cs1">Anna Margolis, Anna (May 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061108125228/http://www.hubpolitics.com/archives/000572.php">"Rep. Frank Votes Against "Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act""</a>. HubPolitics.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hubpolitics.com/archives/000572.php">the original</a> on November 8, 2006. Retrieved November 29, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HubPolitics.com&rft.atitle=Rep.+Frank+Votes+Against+%22Respect+for+America%27s+Fallen+Heroes+Act%22&rft.date=2006-05-11&rft.au=Anna+Margolis%2C+Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hubpolitics.com%2Farchives%2F000572.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/31/us/representative-frank-discloses-he-is-homosexual.html">"Representative Frank Discloses He Is Homosexual"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. May 31, 1987. Retrieved October 19, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Representative+Frank+Discloses+He+Is+Homosexual&rft.date=1987-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F05%2F31%2Fus%2Frepresentative-frank-discloses-he-is-homosexual.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304000448/http://www.out4immigration.org/immigration/page.html?&mimid=N3DE98KBUMQ39M4WNKSS16LKM7MD3C0A&cid=1136">"History of LGBT & Immigration"</a>. Out4Immigration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.out4immigration.org/immigration/page.html?&mimid=N3DE98KBUMQ39M4WNKSS16LKM7MD3C0A&cid=1136">the original</a> on March 4, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+LGBT+%26+Immigration&rft.pub=Out4Immigration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.out4immigration.org%2Fimmigration%2Fpage.html%3F%26mimid%3DN3DE98KBUMQ39M4WNKSS16LKM7MD3C0A%26cid%3D1136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich1995" class="citation news cs1">Rich, Frank (February 2, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/02/opinion/journal-closet-clout.html">"Journal; Closet Clout"</a>. The New York Times. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Journal%3B+Closet+Clout&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1995-02-02&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F02%2F02%2Fopinion%2Fjournal-closet-clout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RFOTIOPWT-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RFOTIOPWT_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFOTIOPWT_91-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080801144133/http://www.house.gov/frank/antidiscriminationmarch2008.html">"News Release from Barney Frank"</a>. United States House of Representatives. March 4, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.house.gov/frank/antidiscriminationmarch2008.html">the original</a> on August 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News+Release+from+Barney+Frank&rft.pub=United+States+House+of+Representatives&rft.date=2008-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.house.gov%2Ffrank%2Fantidiscriminationmarch2008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIreland,_Doug2004" class="citation news cs1">Ireland, Doug (September 23, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laweekly.com/2004-09-23/news/the-outing/">"The outing: David Dreier and his straight hypocrisy"</a>. LA Weekly.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LA+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+outing%3A+David+Dreier+and+his+straight+hypocrisy&rft.date=2004-09-23&rft.au=Ireland%2C+Doug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laweekly.com%2F2004-09-23%2Fnews%2Fthe-outing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061104121533/http://www.hbo.com/billmaher/episode/2006_10_20_ep86.html">"Real Time with Bill Maher: Episode Guide – episode 86"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>. October 20, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hbo.com/billmaher/episode/2006_10_20_ep86.html">the original</a> on November 4, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Real+Time+with+Bill+Maher%3A+Episode+Guide+%E2%80%93+episode+86&rft.pub=HBO&rft.date=2006-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hbo.com%2Fbillmaher%2Fepisode%2F2006_10_20_ep86.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FrOC-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FrOC_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FrOC_94-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FrOC_94-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FrOC_94-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank_Crime.htm">"Barney Frank on Crime"</a>. <a href="/wiki/On_the_Issues" title="On the Issues">On the Issues</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barney+Frank+on+Crime&rft.pub=On+the+Issues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2FMA%2FBarney_Frank_Crime.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank,_Barney2002" class="citation web cs1">Frank, Barney (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090329134329/http://www.house.gov/frank/medmar2002.html">"Frank Calls for Action on Medical Marijuana Legislation"</a>. United States House of Representatives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.house.gov/frank/medmar2002.html">the original</a> on March 29, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Calls+for+Action+on+Medical+Marijuana+Legislation&rft.pub=United+States+House+of+Representatives&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Frank%2C+Barney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.house.gov%2Ffrank%2Fmedmar2002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180930234404/http://www.drugscience.org/Archive/bcr1/n1_hinchey_ref.html">"The Hinchey-Rohrabacher Amendment (2003–2006)"</a>. DrugScience.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drugscience.org/Archive/bcr1/n1_hinchey_ref.html">the original</a> on September 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DrugScience.org&rft.atitle=The+Hinchey-Rohrabacher+Amendment+%282003%E2%80%932006%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugscience.org%2FArchive%2Fbcr1%2Fn1_hinchey_ref.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2008/03/barney_frank_lets_decriminaliz.html">"Barney Frank: Let's decriminalize marijuana"</a>. The Star-Ledger. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star-Ledger&rft.atitle=Barney+Frank%3A+Let%27s+decriminalize+marijuana&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fhudson%2Findex.ssf%2F2008%2F03%2Fbarney_frank_lets_decriminaliz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://norml.org/news/2011/06/23/members-of-congress-introduce-first-federal-measure-since-1937-to-legalize-the-adult-use-of-marijuana-bipartisan-coalition-backs-the-ending-federal-marijuana-prohibition-act-of-2011">"Members Of Congress Introduce First Federal Measure Since 1937 To Legalize The Adult Use Of Marijuana -- Bipartisan Coalition Backs The 'Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act of 2011'"</a>. NORML. June 23, 2011. Retrieved December 20, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NORML&rft.atitle=Members+Of+Congress+Introduce+First+Federal+Measure+Since+1937+To+Legalize+The+Adult+Use+Of+Marijuana+--+Bipartisan+Coalition+Backs+The+%27Ending+Federal+Marijuana+Prohibition+Act+of+2011%27&rft.date=2011-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnorml.org%2Fnews%2F2011%2F06%2F23%2Fmembers-of-congress-introduce-first-federal-measure-since-1937-to-legalize-the-adult-use-of-marijuana-bipartisan-coalition-backs-the-ending-federal-marijuana-prohibition-act-of-2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0807/30/cnr.05.html">"President Bush, Dems Spar Over Energy; 5.4 Magnitude Quake Rattles Los Angeles; Attacking Obama's 'Celebrity'; Rep. Barney Frank's Marijuana Bill (interview)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN_Newsroom" title="CNN Newsroom">CNN Newsroom</a>. July 30, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+Newsroom&rft.atitle=President+Bush%2C+Dems+Spar+Over+Energy%3B+5.4+Magnitude+Quake+Rattles+Los+Angeles%3B+Attacking+Obama%27s+%27Celebrity%27%3B+Rep.+Barney+Frank%27s+Marijuana+Bill+%28interview%29&rft.date=2008-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftranscripts.cnn.com%2FTRANSCRIPTS%2F0807%2F30%2Fcnr.05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fdr-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fdr_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fdr_100-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fdr_100-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fdr_100-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fdr_100-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank_Drugs.htm">"Barney Frank on Drugs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/On_the_Issues" title="On the Issues">On the Issues</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barney+Frank+on+Drugs&rft.pub=On+the+Issues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2FMA%2FBarney_Frank_Drugs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ftech-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ftech_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ftech_101-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ftech_101-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ftech_101-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ftech_101-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank_Technology.htm">"Barney Frank on Technology"</a>. <a href="/wiki/On_the_Issues" title="On the Issues">On the Issues</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barney+Frank+on+Technology&rft.pub=On+the+Issues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2FMA%2FBarney_Frank_Technology.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOENV-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOENV_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOENV_102-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOENV_102-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOENV_102-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOENV_102-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank_Environment.htm">"Barney Frank on the Environment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/On_the_Issues" title="On the Issues">On the Issues</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barney+Frank+on+the+Environment&rft.pub=On+the+Issues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2FMA%2FBarney_Frank_Environment.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hls-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hls_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hls_103-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hls_103-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hls_103-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hls_103-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank_Homeland_Security.htm">"Barney Frank on Homeland Security"</a>. <a href="/wiki/On_the_Issues" title="On the Issues">On the Issues</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barney+Frank+on+Homeland+Security&rft.pub=On+the+Issues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2FMA%2FBarney_Frank_Homeland_Security.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank,_Barney2009" class="citation journal cs1">Frank, Barney (February 11, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenation.com/article/cut-military-budget">"Cut the Military Budget"</a>. The Nation. Retrieved February 15, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Cut+the+Military+Budget&rft.date=2009-02-11&rft.au=Frank%2C+Barney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Fcut-military-budget&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVellajo,_Stephanie2010" class="citation news cs1">Vellajo, Stephanie (May 27, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2010/05/frank_wants_100.html">"Frank wants $100b cut from defense spending"</a>. The Boston Globe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Frank+wants+%24100b+cut+from+defense+spending&rft.date=2010-05-27&rft.au=Vellajo%2C+Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fpoliticalintelligence%2F2010%2F05%2Ffrank_wants_100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.com/">"Making cuts to fix the deficit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Countdown_with_Keith_Olbermann" title="Countdown with Keith Olbermann">Countdown with Keith Olbermann</a>. <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111209004258/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3036677/vp/38118275#38118275">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Countdown+with+Keith+Olbermann&rft.atitle=Making+cuts+to+fix+the+deficit&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018013459/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:h.r.04777:">"Thomas (Library of Congress): HR 4777"</a>. Thomas.loc.gov. September 22, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:h.r.04777:">the original</a> on October 18, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thomas+%28Library+of+Congress%29%3A+HR+4777&rft.pub=Thomas.loc.gov&rft.date=2006-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbdquery%2Fz%3Fd109%3Ah.r.04777%3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081125231725/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:h.r.04411:">"Thomas (Library of Congress): HR 4411"</a>. Thomas.loc.gov. July 13, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:h.r.04411:">the original</a> on November 25, 2008. Retrieved December 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thomas+%28Library+of+Congress%29%3A+HR+4411&rft.pub=Thomas.loc.gov&rft.date=2006-07-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbdquery%2Fz%3Fd109%3Ah.r.04411%3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408124652/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:h2046:">"Thomas (Library of Congress): HR 2046"</a>. Thomas.loc.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:h2046:">the original</a> on April 8, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thomas+%28Library+of+Congress%29%3A+HR+2046&rft.pub=Thomas.loc.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbdquery%2Fz%3Fd110%3Ah2046%3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViser2008" class="citation news cs1">Viser, Matt (July 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2008/07/13/unlikely_ace_for_online_gambling/?page=1">"Unlikely ace for online gambling"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Unlikely+ace+for+online+gambling&rft.date=2008-07-13&rft.aulast=Viser&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmassachusetts%2Farticles%2F2008%2F07%2F13%2Funlikely_ace_for_online_gambling%2F%3Fpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChen2012" class="citation news cs1">Chen, Daphne (February 24, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailycal.org/2012/02/24/barney-frank-gives-speech-on-relationship-between-u-s-and-israel">"Barney Frank gives speech on relationship between U.S. and Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Californian" title="The Daily Californian">The Daily Californian</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Californian&rft.atitle=Barney+Frank+gives+speech+on+relationship+between+U.S.+and+Israel&rft.date=2012-02-24&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Daphne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycal.org%2F2012%2F02%2F24%2Fbarney-frank-gives-speech-on-relationship-between-u-s-and-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKampeas2009" class="citation news cs1">Kampeas, Ron (August 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090817212841/http://jta.org/news/article/2009/08/15/1007267/frank-defends-tamir">"Frank defends Israeli diplomat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency" title="Jewish Telegraphic Agency">Jewish Telegraphic Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/2009/08/15/united-states/frank-defends-israeli-diplomat">the original</a> on August 17, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Frank+defends+Israeli+diplomat&rft.date=2009-08-15&rft.aulast=Kampeas&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2009%2F08%2F15%2Funited-states%2Ffrank-defends-israeli-diplomat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSean_Sullivan2013" class="citation news cs1">Sean Sullivan (January 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/01/04/barney-frank-wants-temporary-senate-appointment/">"Barney Frank wants temporary Senate appointment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved January 30, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Barney+Frank+wants+temporary+Senate+appointment&rft.date=2013-01-04&rft.au=Sean+Sullivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fpost-politics%2Fwp%2F2013%2F01%2F04%2Fbarney-frank-wants-temporary-senate-appointment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDomenico_Montanaro2013" class="citation news cs1">Domenico Montanaro (January 28, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/01/28/16740791-mass-special-election-to-replace-kerry-likely-june-25-primary-april-30?lite">"Mass. special election to replace Kerry likely June 25; primary April 30"</a>. firstread.nbcnews.com]. Retrieved January 30, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mass.+special+election+to+replace+Kerry+likely+June+25%3B+primary+April+30&rft.date=2013-01-28&rft.au=Domenico+Montanaro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffirstread.nbcnews.com%2F_news%2F2013%2F01%2F28%2F16740791-mass-special-election-to-replace-kerry-likely-june-25-primary-april-30%3Flite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> Orol, Ronald D. (January 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.marketwatch.com/election/2013/01/04/retired-rep-barney-frank-bank-reform-author-wants-u-s-senate-seat-now/">"Retired Rep. Barney Frank, bank-reform author, wants U.S. Senate seat now"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MarketWatch" title="MarketWatch">MarketWatch</a>. Retrieved January 4, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Seelye, Katharine Q., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/31/us/politics/boston-lawyer-chosen-for-kerrys-senate-seat.html">"Governor Names Longtime Friend to Kerry's Seat"</a>, New York Times, January 30, 2013. Retrieved January 30, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-blogs.wsj.com-117"><a href="#cite_ref-blogs.wsj.com_117-0">^</a> Ensign, Rachel Louise, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2015/06/17/barney-frank-yes-that-barney-frank-joins-a-bank-board/">"Barney Frank–Yes, THAT Barney Frank–Joins a Bank Board"</a>, The Wall Street Journal, June 17, 2015. Retrieved July 24, 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/2015/06/18/barney-frank-bank-board/">"This champion of financial reform just joined a bank's board"</a>. Fortune. Retrieved March 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=This+champion+of+financial+reform+just+joined+a+bank%27s+board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2015%2F06%2F18%2Fbarney-frank-bank-board%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2012" class="citation web cs1">McLaughlin, Tim (July 13, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-barneyfrank-wedding/rep-barney-frank-weds-in-same-sex-marriage-idUSBRE86C0TH20120713">"Rep. Barney Frank to marry partner in same-sex ceremony"</a>. Reuters. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Rep.+Barney+Frank+to+marry+partner+in+same-sex+ceremony&rft.date=2012-07-13&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-barneyfrank-wedding%2Frep-barney-frank-weds-in-same-sex-marriage-idUSBRE86C0TH20120713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2012" class="citation news cs1">McLaughlin, Tim (July 8, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120710225145/http://ca.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idCABRE86700820120708?feedType=RSS&feedName=domesticNews&rpc=603&sp=true">"Congressman Barney Frank weds in same-sex marriage"</a>. Reuters Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ca.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idCABRE86700820120708?feedType=RSS&feedName=domesticNews&rpc=603&sp=true">the original</a> on July 10, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Congressman+Barney+Frank+weds+in+same-sex+marriage&rft.date=2012-07-08&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fca.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FdomesticNews%2FidCABRE86700820120708%3FfeedType%3DRSS%26feedName%3DdomesticNews%26rpc%3D603%26sp%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pfds/CIDsummary.php?CID=N00000275&year=2010">"Personal Finances – Barney Frank (D-Mass), 2010"</a>. OpenSecrets.org. <a href="/wiki/OpenSecrets" title="OpenSecrets">OpenSecrets</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenSecrets.org&rft.atitle=Personal+Finances+%E2%80%93+Barney+Frank+%28D-Mass%29%2C+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opensecrets.org%2Fpfds%2FCIDsummary.php%3FCID%3DN00000275%26year%3D2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pineapple.fm/70-over-70-ep-21">""The Gentleman's Time Has Expired" with Barney Frank"</a>. 70 Over 70. 2020. Event occurs at 37:50. Retrieved October 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=70+Over+70&rft.date=2020&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpineapple.fm%2F70-over-70-ep-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWildman2008" class="citation news cs1">Wildman, Sarah (January 2, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jan/02/hillaryclinton.usa">"A Clinton operative plays operator"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=A+Clinton+operative+plays+operator&rft.date=2008-01-02&rft.aulast=Wildman&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2008%2Fjan%2F02%2Fhillaryclinton.usa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank2015218-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank2015218_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrank2015">Frank 2015</a>, p. 218. </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramnickMoore2018" class="citation news cs1">Kramnick, Isaac; Moore, R. Laurence (August 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lithub.com/is-atheism-the-last-unforgivable-sin-of-american-politics/">"Is Atheism the Last Unforgivable Sin of American Politics?"</a>. Lit Hub. Retrieved August 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Is+Atheism+the+Last+Unforgivable+Sin+of+American+Politics%3F&rft.date=2018-08-18&rft.aulast=Kramnick&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft.au=Moore%2C+R.+Laurence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flithub.com%2Fis-atheism-the-last-unforgivable-sin-of-american-politics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanhumanist.org/news/2014-05-atheists-gather-in-philadelphia-for-73rd-annual-amer/">"Atheists Gather in Philadelphia for 73rd Annual American Humanist Association Conference"</a> (Press release). American Humanist Association. May 29, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atheists+Gather+in+Philadelphia+for+73rd+Annual+American+Humanist+Association+Conference&rft.pub=American+Humanist+Association&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanhumanist.org%2Fnews%2F2014-05-atheists-gather-in-philadelphia-for-73rd-annual-amer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank" class="citation magazine cs1">Frank, Barney. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehumanist.com/magazine/november-december-2014/features/how-to-achieve-equality-talk-to-your-members-of-congress">"How to Achieve Equality? Talk to Your Members of Congress"</a>. The Humanist. Vol. 74, no. 6. Washington, DC: American Humanist Association. pp. 12–17. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-7399">0018-7399</a>. Retrieved March 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Humanist&rft.atitle=How+to+Achieve+Equality%3F+Talk+to+Your+Members+of+Congress&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=12-17&rft.issn=0018-7399&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Barney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehumanist.com%2Fmagazine%2Fnovember-december-2014%2Ffeatures%2Fhow-to-achieve-equality-talk-to-your-members-of-congress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisberg2009" class="citation book cs1">Weisberg, S. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/barneyfrankstory00weis">Barney Frank: the Story of America's only left-handed, gay, Jewish congressman</a>. Amherst: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Press" title="University of Massachusetts Press">University of Massachusetts Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781558497214" title="Special:BookSources/9781558497214"><bdi>9781558497214</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barney+Frank%3A+the+Story+of+America%27s+only+left-handed%2C+gay%2C+Jewish+congressman&rft.place=Amherst&rft.pub=University+of+Massachusetts+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781558497214&rft.aulast=Weisberg&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbarneyfrankstory00weis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dating-129"><a href="#cite_ref-dating_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Zulen-Wood2015" class="citation web cs1">Van Zulen-Wood, Simon (March 16, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2015/03/16/barney-frank-interview/">"Q&A with Barney Frank"</a>. Boston Magazine. Retrieved February 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Magazine&rft.atitle=Q%26A+with+Barney+Frank&rft.date=2015-03-16&rft.aulast=Van+Zulen-Wood&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonmagazine.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2F03%2F16%2Fbarney-frank-interview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-anniversary-130"><a href="#cite_ref-anniversary_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiritsy2007" class="citation news cs1">Kiritsy, Laura (May 31, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200512202135/http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=glbt&sc2=news&sc3=&id=20762">"Happy Anniversary, Barney Frank!"</a>. Edge Boston. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=glbt&sc2=news&sc3=&id=20762">the original</a> on May 12, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Edge+Boston&rft.atitle=Happy+Anniversary%2C+Barney+Frank%21&rft.date=2007-05-31&rft.aulast=Kiritsy&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edgeboston.com%2Findex.php%3Fch%3Dnews%26sc%3Dglbt%26sc2%3Dnews%26sc3%3D%26id%3D20762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-to_be_Frank-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-to_be_Frank_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-to_be_Frank_131-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-to_be_Frank_131-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierce2005" class="citation news cs1">Pierce, Charles P. (October 2, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/globe/magazine/articles/2005/10/02/to_be_frank/">"To Be Frank"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe#Magazine" title="The Boston Globe">Globe Magazine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Globe+Magazine&rft.atitle=To+Be+Frank&rft.date=2005-10-02&rft.aulast=Pierce&rft.aufirst=Charles+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fglobe%2Fmagazine%2Farticles%2F2005%2F10%2F02%2Fto_be_frank%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barney-132"><a href="#cite_ref-Barney_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlos_Santoscoy2009" class="citation web cs1">Carlos Santoscoy (September 20, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100102204753/http://ontopmag.com/article.aspx?id=4568&MediaType=1&Category=26">"Barney Frank's 'Left-Handed Gay Jew' No Tell-All"</a>. On Top Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ontopmag.com/article.aspx?id=4568&MediaType=1&Category=26">the original</a> on January 2, 2010. Retrieved January 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=On+Top+Magazine&rft.atitle=Barney+Frank%27s+%27Left-Handed+Gay+Jew%27+No+Tell-All&rft.date=2009-09-20&rft.au=Carlos+Santoscoy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fontopmag.com%2Farticle.aspx%3Fid%3D4568%26MediaType%3D1%26Category%3D26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DC's_Most_Influ-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DC's_Most_Influ_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DC's_Most_Influ_134-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WD0dAAAAIBAJ&pg=6736,534553&dq=washington's-most-prominent-and-influential-gay-couple-rep-barney-frank&hl=en">"DC's Most Influential Gay Couple Calls It Quits"</a>. The Tuscaloosa News (<a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>). July 3, 1998. Retrieved January 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tuscaloosa+News+%28Associated+Press%29&rft.atitle=DC%27s+Most+Influential+Gay+Couple+Calls+It+Quits&rft.date=1998-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DWD0dAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6736%2C534553%26dq%3Dwashington%27s-most-prominent-and-influential-gay-couple-rep-barney-frank%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-And_Then_The-135"><a href="#cite_ref-And_Then_The_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaudia_Dreifus1996" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Dreifus" title="Claudia Dreifus">Claudia Dreifus</a> (February 4, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/04/magazine/and-then-there-was-frank.html">"And Then There Was Frank"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved January 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=And+Then+There+Was+Frank&rft.date=1996-02-04&rft.au=Claudia+Dreifus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F02%2F04%2Fmagazine%2Fand-then-there-was-frank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-clerk-136"><a href="#cite_ref-clerk_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070725184700/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html">"Office of the House Clerk – Electoral Statistics"</a>. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html">the original</a> on July 25, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Office+of+the+House+Clerk+%E2%80%93+Electoral+Statistics&rft.pub=Clerk+of+the+United+States+House+of+Representatives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclerk.house.gov%2Fmember_info%2FelectionInfo%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fedelect-137"><a href="#cite_ref-fedelect_137-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/electionresults.shtml">"Election Results"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Election+Results&rft.pub=Federal+Election+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fec.gov%2Fpubrec%2Felectionresults.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2015" class="citation book cs1">Frank, B. (2015). Frank: a life in politics from the Great Society to same-sex marriage. New York: <a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux" title="Farrar, Straus and Giroux">Farrar, Straus and Giroux</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780374280307" title="Special:BookSources/9780374280307"><bdi>9780374280307</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank%3A+a+life+in+politics+from+the+Great+Society+to+same-sex+marriage&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780374280307&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuttman2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Ruttman" title="Larry Ruttman">Ruttman, L.</a> (2013). "Barney Frank: Fan and Congressman". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanjewsamer00rutt">American Jews and America's Game</a>. Lincoln: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press" title="University of Nebraska Press">University of Nebraska Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanjewsamer00rutt/page/55">55</a>–64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780803264755" title="Special:BookSources/9780803264755"><bdi>9780803264755</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Barney+Frank%3A+Fan+and+Congressman&rft.btitle=American+Jews+and+America%27s+Game&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pages=55-64&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780803264755&rft.aulast=Ruttman&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanjewsamer00rutt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisberg2009" class="citation book cs1">Weisberg, S. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/barneyfrankstory00weis">Barney Frank: the Story of America's only left-handed, gay, Jewish congressman</a>. Amherst: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Press" title="University of Massachusetts Press">University of Massachusetts Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781558497214" title="Special:BookSources/9781558497214"><bdi>9781558497214</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barney+Frank%3A+the+Story+of+America%27s+only+left-handed%2C+gay%2C+Jewish+congressman&rft.place=Amherst&rft.pub=University+of+Massachusetts+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781558497214&rft.aulast=Weisberg&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbarneyfrankstory00weis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarney+Frank" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Barney Frank at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" class="extiw" title="c:Barney Frank">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" class="extiw" title="q:Barney Frank">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/author:Barney_Frank" class="extiw" title="s:author:Barney Frank">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?762">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=f000339">Biography</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MA04036">Financial information (federal office)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/26897">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vote_Smart" title="Vote Smart">Vote Smart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1204889/">Filmography</a> on <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Movie Database">IMDb (the Internet Movie Database)</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Eliot Wadsworth</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives%27_5th_Suffolk_district" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives' 5th Suffolk district">5th</a> Suffolk district 1973–1979 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Daniel Pokaski</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Francis Dailey</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives%27_8th_Suffolk_district" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives' 8th Suffolk district">8th</a> Suffolk district 1979–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Thomas Vallely</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Robert Drinan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 4th congressional district">Massachusetts's 4th congressional district</a> 1981–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph P. Kennedy III">Joe Kennedy</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_LaFalce" title="John LaFalce">John LaFalce</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_Financial_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Financial Services Committee">House Financial Services Committee</a> 2003–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Bachus" title="Spencer Bachus">Spencer Bachus</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Oxley" title="Mike Oxley">Mike Oxley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/House_Financial_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Financial Services Committee">House Financial Services Committee</a> 2007–2011 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Bachus" title="Spencer Bachus">Spencer Bachus</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_Financial_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Financial Services Committee">House Financial Services Committee</a> 2011–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Waters" title="Maxine Waters">Maxine Waters</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Petri" title="Tom Petri">Tom Petri</a></div>as Former US Representative </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of precedence of the United States">Order of precedence of the United States</a> as Former US Representative </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Engel" title="Eliot Engel">Eliot Engel</a></div>as Former US Representative </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Template:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Ames" title="Fisher Ames">F. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Holten" title="Samuel Holten">Holten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson_J._Skinner" title="Thomson J. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bacon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Bacon (Massachusetts politician)">J. Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Quincy_III" title="Josiah Quincy III">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward_Jr." title="Artemas Ward Jr.">Ward Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mason_(politician)" title="Jonathan Mason (politician)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Appleton" title="Nathan Appleton">N. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">A. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fletcher_(American_politician)" title="Richard Fletcher (American politician)">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">A. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Appleton" title="Nathan Appleton">N. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Atkins_Eliot_(politician)" title="Samuel Atkins Eliot (politician)">S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_Scudder" title="Zeno Scudder">Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Eliot" title="Thomas D. Eliot">T. D. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bernard_Hall" title="Robert Bernard Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Eliot" title="Thomas D. Eliot">T. D. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buffington_(politician)" title="James Buffington (politician)">Buffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Crapo" title="William W. Crapo">Crapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Davis" title="Robert T. Davis">R. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Randall" title="Charles S. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_B._Wright" title="Ashley B. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_P._Lawrence" title="George P. Lawrence">G. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_T._Treadway" title="Allen T. Treadway">Treadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Heselton" title="John W. Heselton">Heselton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">Conte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">Olver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Neal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="21" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/100px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/150px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/200px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyman_(congressman)" title="William Lyman (congressman)">W. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyman_(congressman)" title="William Lyman (congressman)">W. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shepard" title="William Shepard">Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Crowninshield" title="Jacob Crowninshield">J. Crowninshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Pickman_Jr." title="Benjamin Pickman Jr.">Pickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Reed_(politician)" title="William Reed (politician)">W. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee" title="Nathaniel Silsbee">Silsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Barstow" title="Gideon Barstow">Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Williams_Crowninshield" title="Benjamin Williams Crowninshield">B. Crowninshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_C._Phillips" title="Stephen C. Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall_I" title="Leverett Saltonstall I">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._King" title="Daniel P. King">D. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rantoul_Jr." title="Robert Rantoul Jr.">Rantoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_B._Fay" title="Francis B. Fay">Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Crocker" title="Samuel L. Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buffington_(politician)" title="James Buffington (politician)">Buffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakes_Ames" title="Oakes Ames">O. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_W._Harris" title="Benjamin W. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Long" title="John Davis Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_A._Morse" title="Elijah A. Morse">E. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Churchill" title="George B. Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Bowles" title="Henry L. Bowles">Bowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Kirk_Kaynor" title="Will Kirk Kaynor">Kaynor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Granfield" title="William J. Granfield">Granfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Clason" title="Charles R. Clason">Clason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Furcolo" title="Foster Furcolo">Furcolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">Boland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">McGovern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Gerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearjashub_Bourne" title="Shearjashub Bourne">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Coffin_Jr." title="Peleg Coffin Jr.">Coffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lyman" title="Samuel Lyman">S. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Mattoon" title="Ebenezer Mattoon">Mattoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_Cutler" title="Manasseh Cutler">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_St._Loe_Livermore" title="Edward St. Loe Livermore">Livermore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_White_(politician)" title="Leonard White (politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Varnum" title="John Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayton_P._Osgood" title="Gayton P. Osgood">Osgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Cushing" title="Caleb Cushing">Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Abbott" title="Amos Abbott">A. Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Duncan" title="James H. Duncan">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Wiley_Edmands" title="J. Wiley Edmands">Edmands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Damrell" title="William S. Damrell">Damrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">C. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thomas_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thomas (politician)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">A. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginery_Twichell" title="Ginery Twichell">Twichell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whiting_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William Whiting (Massachusetts politician)">Whiting I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Pierce" title="Henry L. Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbridge_A._Field" title="Walbridge A. Field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Dean" title="Benjamin Dean">B. Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbridge_A._Field" title="Walbridge A. Field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Ranney" title="Ambrose Ranney">Ranney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Andrew" title="John F. Andrew">J. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Thayer" title="John R. Thayer">J. R. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwood_Hoar" title="Rockwood Hoar">R. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Washburn" title="Charles G. Washburn">C. Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Thayer" title="John A. Thayer">J. A. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilder" title="William Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Paige" title="Calvin Paige">Paige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Foss" title="Frank H. Foss">F. Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Casey" title="Joseph E. Casey">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Philbin" title="Philip J. Philbin">Philbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Drinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Donohue" title="Harold Donohue">Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Blute" title="Peter Blute">Blute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">Trahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 4th congressional district">4th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">L. Lincoln Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Hastings" title="Seth Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Richardson" title="William M. Richardson">W. Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dana_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Samuel Dana (Massachusetts politician)">Dana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asahel_Stearns" title="Asahel Stearns">Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Fuller" title="Timothy Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">E. Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoar" title="Samuel Hoar">Sa. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Parmenter" title="William Parmenter">Parmenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Palfrey" title="John G. Palfrey">Palfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Sabine" title="Lorenzo Sabine">Sabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Walley" title="Samuel H. Walley">Walley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_B._Comins" title="Linus B. Comins">Comins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">A. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_S._Frost" title="Rufus S. Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gardner_Abbott" title="Josiah Gardner Abbott">J. Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Collins_(mayor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Collins (mayor)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._O%27Neil" title="Joseph H. O'Neil">O'Neil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_D._Apsley" title="Lewis D. Apsley">Apsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Weymouth" title="George W. Weymouth">Weymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Q._Tirrell" title="Charles Q. Tirrell">Tirrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Mitchell" title="John Joseph Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilder" title="William Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Winslow" title="Samuel Winslow">Winslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Stobbs" title="George R. Stobbs">Stobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehr_G._Holmes" title="Pehr G. Holmes">P. Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Donohue" title="Harold Donohue">Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Drinan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Kennedy III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">Auchincloss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 5th congressional district">5th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Partridge" title="George Partridge">Partridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearjashub_Bourne" title="Shearjashub Bourne">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Freeman_Jr." title="Nathaniel Freeman Jr.">Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_Williams" title="Lemuel Williams">L. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dwight_(politician)" title="Thomas Dwight (politician)">T. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ely" title="William Ely">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_H._Mills" title="Elijah H. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lathrop" title="Samuel Lathrop">Lathrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Sibley" title="Jonas Sibley">Sibley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">J. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Jr." title="Levi Lincoln Jr.">L. Lincoln Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hudson_(American_politician)" title="Charles Hudson (American politician)">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Charles Allen (Massachusetts politician)">C. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anson_Burlingame" title="Anson Burlingame">Burlingame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Alley" title="John B. Alley">Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Z._Bowman" title="Selwyn Z. Bowman">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_D._Hayden" title="Edward D. Hayden">Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Hoar" title="Sherman Hoar">Sh. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_T._Stevens" title="Moses T. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shadrach_Knox" class="mw-redirect" title="William Shadrach Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_Ames" title="Butler Ames">B. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Rogers" title="John Jacob Rogers">J. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">E. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Bradford_Morse" title="F. Bradford Morse">B. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_W._Cronin" title="Paul W. Cronin">Cronin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">P. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Shannon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Shannon (Massachusetts politician)">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_G._Atkins" title="Chester G. Atkins">Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">Meehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 6th congressional district">6th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Sr." title="John Reed Sr.">J. Reed Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Smith" title="Josiah Smith">J. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taggart" title="Samuel Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Clesson_Allen" title="Samuel Clesson Allen">S. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Locke (Massachusetts politician)">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_G._Kendall" title="Joseph G. Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grennell_Jr." title="George Grennell Jr.">Grennell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Alvord" title="James C. Alvord">Alvord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmyn_Baker" title="Osmyn Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ashmun" title="George Ashmun">Ashmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Davis" title="George T. Davis">G. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth_Upham" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Wentworth Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Davis_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Timothy Davis (Massachusetts politician)">T. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Alley" title="John B. Alley">Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Perkins_Thompson" title="Charles Perkins Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Loring" title="George B. Loring">Loring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_F._Stone" title="Eben F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Lovering" title="Henry B. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cogswell" title="William Cogswell">Cogswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Moody" title="William Henry Moody">Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Peabody_Gardner" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Peabody Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willfred_W._Lufkin" title="Willfred W. Lufkin">Lufkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Piatt_Andrew" title="A. Piatt Andrew">A.P. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Bates" title="George J. Bates">G. Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Bates" title="William H. Bates">W. Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Harrington" title="Michael J. Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">Mavroules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Torkildsen" title="Peter G. Torkildsen">Torkildsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">Tierney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Moulton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 7th congressional district">7th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bullock" title="Stephen Bullock">Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_Bishop" title="Phanuel Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum_Mitchell" title="Nahum Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Joseph Barker (Massachusetts politician)">Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Turner_Jr." title="Charles Turner Jr.">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Hulbert" title="John W. Hulbert">Hulbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Shaw_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Shaw (Massachusetts politician)">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Dwight" title="Henry W. Dwight">H. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Clesson_Allen" title="Samuel Clesson Allen">S. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grennell_Jr." title="George Grennell Jr.">Grennell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Rockwell" title="Julius Rockwell">J. Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Brooks" title="George M. Brooks">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_C._Esty" title="Constantine C. Esty">Esty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_R._Hoar" title="Ebenezer R. Hoar">E. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Tarbox" title="John K. Tarbox">Tarbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Russell_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician)">W. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_F._Stone" title="Eben F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cogswell" title="William Cogswell">Cogswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Everett" title="William Everett">W. Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Emerson_Barrett" title="William Emerson Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Roberts" title="Ernest W. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Francis_Phelan" title="Michael Francis Phelan">Phelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Maloney" title="Robert S. Maloney">Maloney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Connery_Jr." title="William P. Connery Jr.">W. Connery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Connery" title="Lawrence J. Connery">L. Connery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Lane" title="Thomas J. Lane">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">Capuano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Pressley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 8th congressional district">8th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Grout" title="Jonathan Grout">Grout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Ames" title="Fisher Ames">F. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_(politician)" title="Harrison Gray Otis (politician)">Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_Williams" title="Lemuel Williams">L. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_L._Green" title="Isaiah L. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Gardner" title="Gideon Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_L._Green" title="Isaiah L. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabdiel_Sampson" title="Zabdiel Sampson">Sampson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Hobart" title="Aaron Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lathrop" title="Samuel Lathrop">Lathrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_C._Bates" title="Isaac C. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Calhoun" title="William B. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann" title="Horace Mann">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappan_Wentworth" title="Tappan Wentworth">Wentworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_L._Knapp" title="Chauncey L. Knapp">Knapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Train" title="Charles R. Train">Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Denison_Baldwin" class="mw-redirect" title="John Denison Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">G. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._S._Williams" title="John M. S. Williams">J. M. S. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Warren" title="William W. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Claflin" title="William Claflin">Claflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Candler" title="John W. Candler">Candler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Russell_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician)">W Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Herbert_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Herbert Allen">C. H. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_T._Greenhalge" title="Frederic T. Greenhalge">Greenhalge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_T._Stevens" title="Moses T. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._McCall" title="Samuel W. McCall">McCall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Simpson_Deitrick" title="Frederick Simpson Deitrick">Deitrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Dallinger" title="Frederick W. Dallinger">Dallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Irving_Thayer" title="Harry Irving Thayer">H. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Dallinger" title="Frederick W. Dallinger">Dallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Daniel_Healey" title="Arthur Daniel Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angier_Goodwin" title="Angier Goodwin">Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">Kennedy II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">Capuano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Lynch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 9th congressional district">9th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_Bishop" title="Phanuel Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Dean" title="Josiah Dean">J. Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_Wheaton" title="Laban Wheaton">Wheaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Folger_Jr." title="Walter Folger Jr.">Folger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Dwight" title="Henry W. Dwight">H. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jackson_(Massachusetts_politician,_born_1783)" title="William Jackson (Massachusetts politician, born 1783)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Soden_Hastings" title="William Soden Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Williams (Massachusetts politician)">H. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Hale" title="Artemas Hale">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orin_Fowler" title="Orin Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Little" title="Edward P. Little">Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Witt" title="Alexander De Witt">De Witt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Thayer" title="Eli Thayer">E. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmith_Bailey" title="Goldsmith Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa_Walker" title="Amasa Walker">A. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">W. Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvah_Crocker" title="Alvah Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">G. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Rice" title="William W. Rice">W. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lyman_III" title="Theodore Lyman III">T. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_D._Ely" title="Frederick D. Ely">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Burnett" title="Edward Burnett">Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Candler" title="John W. Candler">Candler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Williams" title="George F. Williams">G. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._O%27Neil" title="Joseph H. O'Neil">O'Neil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Conry" title="Joseph A. Conry">Conry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Keliher" title="John A. Keliher">Keliher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Murray" title="William Francis Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Roberts" title="Ernest W. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvan_T._Fuller" title="Alvan T. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Underhill" title="Charles L. Underhill">Underhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Russell" title="Richard M. Russell">R. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Eliot" title="Thomas H. Eliot">T. H. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_W._Nicholson" title="Donald W. Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Keith" title="Hastings Keith">Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Day_Hicks" title="Louise Day Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">Moakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Keating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 10th congressional district">10th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sewall_(congressman)" title="Samuel Sewall (congressman)">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Read" title="Nathan Read">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Hastings" title="Seth Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabez_Upham" title="Jabez Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Allen_(congressman)" title="Joseph Allen (congressman)">J. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Brigham" title="Elijah Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_Wheaton" title="Laban Wheaton">Wheaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baylies" title="Francis Baylies">F Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bailey_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Bailey (Massachusetts politician)">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Alexander_Scammell_Dearborn" title="Henry Alexander Scammell Dearborn">H. A. S. Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">W. Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Borden" title="Nathaniel B. Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Williams (Massachusetts politician)">H. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Borden" title="Nathaniel B. Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barker_Burnell" title="Barker Burnell">Burnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grinnell_(politician)" title="Joseph Grinnell (politician)">Grinnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_Scudder" title="Zeno Scudder">Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dickinson" title="Edward Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_C._Chaffee" title="Calvin C. Chaffee">Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Delano" title="Charles Delano">Delano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvah_Crocker" title="Alvah Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Stevens" title="Charles A. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Hawley_Seelye" title="Julius Hawley Seelye">Seelye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa_Norcross" title="Amasa Norcross">Norcross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Rice" title="William W. Rice">W. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Russell" title="John E. Russell">J. E. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McEttrick" title="Michael J. McEttrick">McEttrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Henry_Atwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrison Henry Atwood">Atwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Barrows" title="Samuel J. Barrows">Barrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Naphen" title="Henry F. Naphen">Naphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._McNary" title="William S. McNary">McNary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._O%27Connell" title="Joseph F. O'Connell">O'Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Murray" title="William Francis Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Francis_Tague" title="Peter Francis Tague">Tague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Francis_Tague" title="Peter Francis Tague">Tague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Douglass" title="John J. Douglass">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Tinkham" title="George H. Tinkham">Tinkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Herter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Curtis" title="Laurence Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Heckler" title="Margaret Heckler">Heckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">Studds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">Delahunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Keating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">11th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Bradbury" title="Theophilus Bradbury">Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailey_Bartlett" title="Bailey Bartlett">Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_Cutler" title="Manasseh Cutler">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stedman" title="William Stedman">Stedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abijah_Bigelow" title="Abijah Bigelow">A. Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Brigham" title="Elijah Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Adams_(politician)" title="Benjamin Adams (politician)">B. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Russell" title="Jonathan Russell">J. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Hobart" title="Aaron Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Richardson_(American_politician)" title="Joseph Richardson (American politician)">J. Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barker_Burnell" title="Barker Burnell">Burnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Trafton" title="Mark Trafton">Trafton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_W._Chapin" title="Chester W. Chapin">Chapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whiting_II" title="William Whiting II">Whiting II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Wallace_(politician)" title="Rodney Wallace (politician)">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_S._Coolidge" title="Frederick S. Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Franklin_Draper_(politician)" title="William Franklin Draper (politician)">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Sprague" title="Charles F. Sprague">Sprague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Powers" title="Samuel L. Powers">Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Andrew_Sullivan" title="John Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_James_Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew James Peters">Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Tinkham" title="George H. Tinkham">Tinkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Douglass" title="John J. Douglass">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Higgins" class="mw-redirect" title="John Patrick Higgins">Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Flaherty" title="Thomas A. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Burke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James A. Burke (Massachusetts politician)">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 12th congressional district">12th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">H. Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Parker_(Massachusetts_judge)" title="Isaac Parker (Massachusetts judge)">I. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Lee" title="Silas Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Thatcher" title="Samuel Thatcher">S. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson_J._Skinner" title="Thomson J. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Larned" title="Simon Larned">Larned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas_Bidwell" title="Barnabas Bidwell">Bidwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Bacon" title="Ezekiel Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dewey" title="Daniel Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Hulbert" title="John W. Hulbert">Hulbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Strong" title="Solomon Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Kendall" title="Jonas Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Bigelow" title="Lewis Bigelow">L. Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baylies" title="Francis Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Hodges" title="James L. Hodges">Hodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_W._Rockwell_(politician)" title="Francis W. Rockwell (politician)">F. Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crawford_Crosby" title="John Crawford Crosby">Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_A._Morse" title="Elijah A. Morse">E. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Lovering" title="William C. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Powers" title="Samuel L. Powers">Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Gallivan" title="James A. Gallivan">Gallivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Keith" title="Hastings Keith">Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">Studds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 13th congressional district">13th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Seaver" title="Ebenezer Seaver">Seaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Ruggles" title="Nathaniel Ruggles">Ruggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dowse" title="Edward Dowse">Dowse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Randall" title="Charles S. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simpkins" title="John Simpkins">Simpkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Greene" title="William S. Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Mitchell" title="John Joseph Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Carter" title="William Henry Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Wigglesworth" title="Richard B. Wigglesworth">Wigglesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Burke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James A. Burke (Massachusetts politician)">Burke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_14th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 14th congressional district">14th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cutts" title="Richard Cutts">Cutts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_King" title="Cyrus King">C. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Holmes_(Maine_politician)" title="John Holmes (Maine politician)">J. Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Lovering" title="William C. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Foss" title="Eugene Foss">E. Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Harris" title="Robert O. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gilmore" title="Edward Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Olney_II" title="Richard Olney II">Olney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_A._Frothingham" title="Louis A. Frothingham">Frothingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Wigglesworth" title="Richard B. Wigglesworth">Wigglesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_15th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 15th congressional district">15th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ilsley" title="Daniel Ilsley">Ilsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Whitman" title="Ezekiel Whitman">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Widgery" title="William Widgery">Widgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bradbury_(American_politician)" title="George Bradbury (American politician)">Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Whitman" title="Ezekiel Whitman">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Greene" title="William S. Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Leach" title="Robert M. Leach">Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_16th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 16th congressional district">16th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Thatcher" title="Samuel Thatcher">S. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Cook" title="Orchard Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Tallman" title="Peleg Tallman">Tallman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Davis_(American_politician)" title="Samuel Davis (American politician)">S. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Brown_(politician)" title="Benjamin Brown (politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Orr_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Benjamin Orr (Massachusetts politician)">Orr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Langdon_Hill" title="Mark Langdon Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chandler_Thacher" title="Thomas Chandler Thacher">Thacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Walsh_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Joseph Walsh (Massachusetts politician)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_17th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 17th congressional district">17th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Bruce" title="Phineas Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chandler" title="John Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barzillai_Gannett" title="Barzillai Gannett">Gannett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Carr_(District_of_Maine_politician)" title="Francis Carr (District of Maine politician)">F. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiel_Wood" title="Abiel Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Carr_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Carr (Massachusetts politician)">J. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Wilson (Massachusetts politician)">Wilson</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kinsley" title="Martin Kinsley">Kinsley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_18th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 18th congressional district">18th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Wilson (Massachusetts politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rice_(1768)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Rice (1768)">T. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Parker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Parker (Massachusetts politician)">J. Parker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_19th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 19th congressional district">19th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Parker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Parker (Massachusetts politician)">J. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Conner" title="Samuel S. Conner">Conner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Gage" title="Joshua Gage">Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Cushman" title="Joshua Cushman">Cushman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_20th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 20th congressional district">20th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Hubbard" title="Levi Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion_Parris" title="Albion Parris">Parris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Lincoln" title="Enoch Lincoln">E. Lincoln</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" title="Massachusetts's at-large congressional seat">At-large</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Cobb_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="David Cobb (Massachusetts politician)">Cobb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Financial_Services_chairs" title="Template:US House Financial Services chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Financial_Services_chairs" title="Template talk:US House Financial Services chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Financial_Services_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Financial Services chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services">Chairs of the United States House Committee on Financial Services</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_M._Pomeroy" title="Theodore M. Pomeroy">Pomeroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Maynard" title="Horace Maynard">Maynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Cox" title="Samuel S. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aylett_Hawes_Buckner" class="mw-redirect" title="Aylett Hawes Buckner">Buckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Crapo" title="William W. Crapo">Crapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aylett_Hawes_Buckner" class="mw-redirect" title="Aylett Hawes Buckner">Buckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg_Curtin" title="Andrew Gregg Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beriah_Wilkins" title="Beriah Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Emery_Dorsey" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington Emery Dorsey">Dorsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bacon_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Bacon (New York)">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKendree_Springer" title="William McKendree Springer">Springer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriott_Henry_Brosius" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriott Henry Brosius">Brosius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_N._Fowler" title="Charles N. Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Vreeland" title="Edward B. Vreeland">Vreeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Pujo" title="Arsène Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Glass" title="Carter Glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Francis_Phelan" title="Michael Francis Phelan">Phelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Platt" title="Edmund Platt">Platt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Thomas_McFadden" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Thomas McFadden">McFadden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Steagall" title="Henry B. Steagall">Steagall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_P._Wolcott" title="Jesse P. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_P._Wolcott" title="Jesse P. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_Patman" title="Wright Patman">Patman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">Reuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_St._Germain" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernand St. Germain">St. Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Henry B. González">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Leach" title="Jim Leach">Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Oxley" title="Mike Oxley">Oxley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Bachus" title="Spencer Bachus">Bachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Hensarling" title="Jeb Hensarling">Hensarling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Waters" title="Maxine Waters">Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McHenry" title="Patrick McHenry">McHenry</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537287#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537287#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537287#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114834581">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/165508255">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/273893/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJppDBgmdv3GJqd4HyXfMP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/140603662">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no90017119">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007473289305171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000339">US Congress</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/059371390">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6xq7wnc">SNAC</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6183m1x">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barney_Frank&oldid=1257460895">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barney_Frank&oldid=1257460895</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Barney_Frank" title="Category:Barney Frank">Barney Frank</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940_births" title="Category:1940 births">1940 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_LGBTQ_people" title="Category:20th-century American LGBTQ people">20th-century American LGBTQ people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_male_writers" title="Category:20th-century American male writers">20th-century American male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers">20th-century American non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_politicians" title="Category:20th-century American politicians">20th-century American politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_LGBTQ_people" title="Category:21st-century American LGBTQ people">21st-century American LGBTQ people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_male_writers" title="Category:21st-century American male writers">21st-century American male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers">21st-century American non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_politicians" title="Category:21st-century American politicians">21st-century American politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_agnostics" title="Category:American agnostics">American agnostics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_gay_politicians" title="Category:American gay politicians">American gay politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_LGBTQ_rights_activists" title="Category:American LGBTQ rights activists">American LGBTQ rights activists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_male_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:American male non-fiction writers">American male non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Polish-Jewish_descent" title="Category:American people of Polish-Jewish descent">American people of Polish-Jewish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Russian-Jewish_descent" title="Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent">American people of Russian-Jewish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_political_writers" title="Category:American political writers">American political writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bayonne_High_School_alumni" title="Category:Bayonne High School alumni">Bayonne High School alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Censured_or_reprimanded_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Category:Censured or reprimanded members of the United States House of Representatives">Censured or reprimanded members of the United States House of Representatives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Democratic_Party_members_of_the_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Category:Democratic Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives">Democratic Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Democratic_Party_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts">Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gay_Jews" title="Category:Gay Jews">Gay Jews</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_College_alumni" title="Category:Harvard College alumni">Harvard College alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_Law_School_alumni" title="Category:Harvard Law School alumni">Harvard Law School alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_agnostics" title="Category:Jewish agnostics">Jewish agnostics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_American_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:Jewish American non-fiction writers">Jewish American non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_American_state_legislators_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:Jewish American state legislators in Massachusetts">Jewish American state legislators in Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Category:Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives">Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Category:LGBTQ members of the United States Congress">LGBTQ members of the United States Congress</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_people_from_New_Jersey" title="Category:LGBTQ people from New Jersey">LGBTQ people from New Jersey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_rights_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:LGBTQ rights in Massachusetts">LGBTQ rights in Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_state_legislators_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:LGBTQ state legislators in Massachusetts">LGBTQ state legislators in Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Category:Politicians from Bayonne, New Jersey">Politicians from Bayonne, New Jersey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Zionists" title="Category:American Zionists">American Zionists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_April_2024" title="Category:Use American English from April 2024">Use American English from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from July 2024">Use mdy dates from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_wikidata_mismatch" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch">Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 00:33 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barney_Frank&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-hjwn4","wgBackendResponseTime":173,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.347","walltime":"2.699","ppvisitednodes":{"value":26687,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":370498,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":19932,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":491466,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2306.165 1 -total"," 36.50% 841.790 2 Template:Reflist"," 20.45% 471.526 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 17.52% 404.128 60 Template:Cite_web"," 10.00% 230.583 47 Template:Cite_news"," 8.13% 187.378 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 6.76% 155.877 1 Template:Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts"," 6.60% 152.229 2 Template:Navbox"," 4.99% 115.085 36 Template:Main_other"," 4.98% 114.782 1 Template:Quote_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.286","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14659518,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAmanda_Paulson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnna_Margolis,_Anna2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaroneUjifusa1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenoit_Denizet-Lewis,_with_photographs_by_Henry_Leutwyler2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaldwell,_Christopher2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarlos_Santoscoy2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarlson1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChen2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClaudia_Dreifus1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClerk_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCusack2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDedman1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDomenico_Montanaro2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEisner2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEspo2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans,_RowlandNovak,_Robert1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFischer,_Anne_Gray2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrank\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrank,_Barney2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrank,_Barney2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrank2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrank2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGallagher2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoh2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalter2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerszenhorn2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIreland,_Doug2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeffrey_Toobin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJosh_Gottheimer2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKampeas2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiritsy2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKramnickMoore2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLane,_Charles2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacmillan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLaughlin2012\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMeyer2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorgensonRosner2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Hehir,_Andrew2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Keefe2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOreskes,_Michael1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeoples2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPierce2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPovich1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRich1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuttman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSammon,_Bill2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanati2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSean_Sullivan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSink2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStory2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStreitfeldStory2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Zulen-Wood2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVellajo,_Stephanie2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFViser2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeisberg2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWildman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWirzbicki2010\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 47,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 60,\n [\"CongLinks\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Frank, Barney\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts\"] = 1,\n [\"Party shading/Democratic\"] = 48,\n [\"Party shading/Independent\"] = 44,\n [\"Party shading/Libertarian\"] = 4,\n [\"Party shading/Republican\"] = 48,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 6,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 7,\n [\"S-end\"] = 2,\n [\"S-par\"] = 2,\n [\"S-prec\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 2,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 7,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"US House Financial Services chairs\"] = 1,\n [\"USBill\"] = 2,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Ushr\"] = 2,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","380","27.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","18.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","7.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","5.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","80","5.7"],["rawset","40","2.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::unstripNoWiki","40","2.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","40","2.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","40","2.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::interwikiMap","40","2.9"],["[others]","300","21.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-fjjlm","timestamp":"20241125133422","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Barney Frank","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barney_Frank","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q537287","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q537287","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-09-18T00:11:52Z","dateModified":"2024-11-15T00:33:56Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d4\/Barney_Frank_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg","headline":"American politician, former member of the House of Representatives for Massachusetts"}</script> </body> </html>