CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>View source for Eoin O'Duffy - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":true,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8d7498e4-b929-40c8-ac80-2190ddb4de9c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Eoin_O'Duffy","wgTitle":"Eoin O'Duffy","wgCurRevisionId":1278549332,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":264669,"wgIsArticle":false,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"edit","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Eoin_O'Duffy","wgRelevantArticleId":264669,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.charinsert.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.edit.collapsibleFooter","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.charinsert","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.charinsert.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg/1200px-O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1718"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg/800px-O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1146"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg/640px-O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="917"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="View source for Eoin O'Duffy - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Eoin_O%27Duffy&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Eoin_O_Duffy rootpage-Eoin_O_Duffy skin-vector-2022 action-edit"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Eoin+O%27Duffy&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Eoin+O%27Duffy&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Eoin+O%27Duffy&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Eoin+O%27Duffy&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">View source for Eoin O'Duffy</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Eoin_O%27Duffy" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eoin_O%27Duffy&action=edit" title="Edit this page"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eoin_O%27Duffy&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eoin_O%27Duffy&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eoin_O%27Duffy&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Eoin_O%27Duffy" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eoin_O%27Duffy&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DEoin_O%2527Duffy%26action%3Dedit"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DEoin_O%2527Duffy%26action%3Dedit"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q964276" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="Eoin O'Duffy">Eoin O'Duffy</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons: </p> <ul class="permissions-errors"><li class="mw-permissionerror-blockedtext"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> from <i>editing</i> Wikipedia.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:L235" title="User:L235">‪L235‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <div class="user-block colocation-webhost" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: #ffefd5; border: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.7em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/40px-Server-multiple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/60px-Server-multiple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/80px-Server-multiple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b>The <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a <a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">web host provider</a> or <a href="/wiki/Colocation_centre" title="Colocation centre">colocation provider</a>.</b> To prevent abuse, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked</a> from editing Wikipedia. <div style="border-top: 1px solid #AAA; clear: both">You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">proxy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a>. <p><b>We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit.</b> For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in. </p><p>If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption#Requesting_and_granting_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">request an IP block exemption</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">appeal this block</a> by adding the following text on your <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">talk page</a>: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Unblock" title="Template:Unblock">unblock</a>|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. <i>Place any further information here.</i> ~~~~}}</code>. <b>You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated.</b> Your IP address can be determined <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Get_my_IP_address?withJS=MediaWiki:Get-my-ip.js">here</a></b></span>. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unblock_Ticket_Request_System" title="Wikipedia:Unblock Ticket Request System">unblock ticket request system</a>. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.</div></div> <p><span class="sysop-show" style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="border:#707070 solid 1px;background-color:#ffe0e0;padding:2px"><b>Administrators:</b></span> The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">IP block exemption</a> user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CheckUser" title="Wikipedia:CheckUser">CheckUser</a> needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPI#Quick_CheckUser_requests" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPI">SPI Quick Checkuser Requests</a>. <b>Unblocking</b> an IP or IP range with this template <b>is highly discouraged</b> without at least contacting the blocking administrator.</span> </p> </div></div> </div> <p>This block will expire on 18:23, 24 August 2026. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even when blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit your <a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">user talk page</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">email</a> administrators and other editors. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>For information on how to proceed, please read the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block#Common_questions" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">FAQ for blocked users</a></b> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">guideline on block appeals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">guide to appealing blocks</a> may also be helpful. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking policy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li><li class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address range has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">globally blocked</a>.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis. </p><p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been globally <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <p><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </p> </div> <p>This block will expire on 15:12, 27 August 2028. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards/Wizard" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards/Wizard">Stewards Block Wizard</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward (page does not exist)">MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward</a> </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Short description|Irish political activist, soldier and police commissioner (1890–1944)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}} {{Use Hiberno-English|date=November 2021}} {{Infobox officeholder | image = O'Duffy portrait.jpg | caption = O'Duffy in Blueshirt attire, {{circa}} 1934 | office = [[Leader of Fine Gael]] | term_start = 8 September 1933 | term_end = 18 September 1934 | predecessor = ''Office established'' | successor = [[W. T. Cosgrave]] | office1 = [[Garda Commissioner]] | term_start1 = 30 September 1922 | term_end1 = February 1933 | predecessor1 = [[Michael Staines]] | successor1 = [[Eamon Broy]] | office2 = [[Teachta Dála]] | term_start2 = [[1921 Irish elections|May 1921]] | term_end2 = [[1923 Irish general election|August 1923]] | constituency2 = [[Monaghan (Dáil constituency)|Monaghan]] | birth_name = Owen Duffy | birth_date = {{birth date|1890|01|28|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Lough Egish]], [[County Monaghan]], Ireland | death_date = {{death date and age|1944|11|30|1890|01|28|df=y}} | death_place = [[Dublin]], Ireland | resting_place = [[Glasnevin Cemetery]], Dublin, Ireland | nationality = [[Irish people|Irish]] | party = {{Ubl|[[Sinn Féin]] (1917–1922)|[[Fine Gael]] (1933–1934)|[[National Corporate Party]] (1935–1937)}} | spouse = | children = | education = | alma_mater = | allegiance = {{Ubl|[[Irish Republic]]|[[Irish Free State]]}} | branch = {{Ubl|[[Irish Volunteers]]|[[Irish Republican Brotherhood]]|[[Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)|Irish Republican Army]]|[[National Army (Ireland)|National Army]]|[[Irish Army]]|[[Irish Brigade (Spanish Civil War)|Irish Brigade]]}} | branch_label = Branch | rank = {{Ubl|[[General]]|[[List of Irish Republican Army chiefs of staff|Chief of Staff]]}} | serviceyears = {{Ubl|1917–1933|1936–1937}} | battles = {{Ubl|[[Irish War of Independence]]|[[Irish Civil War]]|[[Spanish Civil War]]}} | module = {{Listen | embed = yes | title = Eoin O'Duffy's voice | filename = Eoin O'Duffy speaks in Liverpool, 1932.webm | description = Interview recorded 1932 in [[Liverpool]], England }} }} '''Eoin O'Duffy''' (born '''Owen Duffy'''; 28 January 1890 – 30 November 1944) was an Irish revolutionary, soldier, police commissioner and politician. O'Duffy was the leader of the Monaghan Brigade of the [[Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)|Irish Republican Army]] (IRA) and a prominent figure in the [[Ulster]] IRA during the [[Irish War of Independence]]. In this capacity, he became [[List of Irish Republican Army chiefs of staff|Chief of Staff]] of the IRA in 1922. He accepted the [[Anglo-Irish Treaty]] and as a general became Chief of Staff of the [[National Army (Ireland)|National Army]] in the [[Irish Civil War]], on the pro-Treaty side. He had been an early member of [[Sinn Féin]] and was elected a [[Teachta Dála]] (TD) for [[Monaghan (Dáil constituency)|Monaghan]] in the [[Second Dáil]] in 1921, supporting pro-Treaty Sinn Féin in the split of 1922. In 1923 he became associated with [[Cumann na nGaedheal]]. He was appointed as the second [[Garda Commissioner|Commissioner]] of the [[Garda Síochána]] in 1922, the police force of the new [[Irish Free State]], serving until 1933. In 1924, during the [[Irish Army Mutiny]], he was appointed as General Officer Commanding of the [[Irish Army]], holding both roles until 1925.<ref name=dib/> In the 1930s O'Duffy became attracted to the various fascist movements on the continent. In 1933 O'Duffy took control of the paramilitary movement called [[Army Comrades Association]], also known as the Blueshirts. When the Blueshirts merged with Cumann na nGaedhael and [[National Centre Party (Ireland)|National Centre Party]] to form [[Fine Gael]], O'Duffy began the new party's first leader, remaining as such for 13 months. He subsequently raised the [[Irish Brigade (Spanish Civil War)|Irish Brigade]] to fight for the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|Nationalists]] in the [[Spanish Civil War]] as an act of [[Catholic]] solidarity and was inspired by [[Benito Mussolini]]'s Italy to create the [[National Corporate Party]]. During the [[Second World War]], he was clandestinely involved in pro-Axis circles but focused mostly on athletic administration in his capacity as president of the National Athletics and Cycling Association. He died in 1944.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Traynor |first=Jack |title=General Eoin O'Duffy: The Political Life of an Irish Firebrand |date=January 2024 |publisher=McFarland & Co. |year=2024 |isbn=978-1476693262 |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |pages=144}}</ref> O'Duffy was active in multiple sporting bodies, including the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] and the [[Irish Olympic Council]]. ==Early life== Eoin O'Duffy was born Owen Duffy in [[Lough Egish]], near [[Castleblayney]], [[County Monaghan]], on 28 January 1890 to an impoverished [[smallholding|smallholder]] family.<ref>{{cite book|last = McGarry|first=Fearghal|title=Eoin O'Duffy: A Self-Made Hero|publisher=OUP Oxford|year=2005|page=1|isbn=0199276552}}</ref> He was the youngest of seven children.<ref name=dib>{{cite web|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/oduffy-eoin-a6728|title=O'Duffy, Eoin|work=[[Dictionary of Irish Biography]]|last=Long|first=Patrick|access-date=3 February 2022}}</ref> His father, also named Owen Duffy, had inherited his {{convert|15|acre|ha|0|spell=in|order=flip|adj=on}} farm from his father Peter in 1888; however, the family were forced to farm [[conacre]] land and work on the roads to make ends meet. O'Duffy attended Laggan national school.<ref name=nil/> He graduated to a school in Laragh where he developed an interest in the [[Gaelic Revival]] and attended night classes hosted by the [[Gaelic League]].<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 5</ref> He was close to his mother, Bridget Fealy, who died of cancer when he was 12.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 6</ref> O'Duffy was devastated by her death and he wore her ring for the rest of his life.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/from-a-free-state-hero-to-a-buffoon-in-a-blueshirt-26349279.html|title=From a Free State hero to a buffoon in a Blueshirt|work=[[Irish Independent]]|access-date=18 October 2014|archive-date=23 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023040230/http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/from-a-free-state-hero-to-a-buffoon-in-a-blueshirt-26349279.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1909, he sat the king's scholarship examination for [[St Patrick's College, Dublin]], but as a place was not assured, he applied to become a clerk in the county surveyor's office in [[Monaghan]]. O'Duffy decided to pursue a career as a surveyor and came fifth in the local government board examination in 1912.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 7</ref> O'Duffy was appointed and moved to [[Newbliss]] to take up his new position.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 8</ref> He later secured a post as an engineer. ==Involvement in sport== ===Ulster GAA=== O'Duffy was a leading member of the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA) in [[Ulster]]. He was appointed secretary of the [[Ulster GAA|Ulster Provincial Council]] in 1912. He later served as Treasurer of the GAA Ulster Council from 1921 to 1934. His important role in developing the GAA in Ulster is memorialised by the O'Duffy Terrace at the principal provincial stadium, [[St Tiernach's Park]] in [[Clones, County Monaghan]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Sport and Revolutionaries: Reclaiming the Historical Role of Sport in Social and Political Activism|editor-first1=John|editor-last1=Nauright|editor-first2=David K.|editor-last2=Wiggins|publisher=Routledge|date =2016|isbn =9781317519485|page =65}}</ref> In December 2009 a plaque was erected in memory of O'Duffy in Aughnamullen. The plaque was unveiled by the President of the Ulster GAA Council, Tom Daly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hoganstand.com/county/monaghan/article/index/121176|title=General Owen O'Duffy Remembered|publisher=[[Hogan Stand]]|access-date=20 December 2017|archive-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052145/http://www.hoganstand.com/county/monaghan/article/index/121176|url-status=live}}</ref> He was also a member of Harps' Gaelic football club.<ref name=nil>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nli.ie/pdfs/mss%20lists/166_Eoin%20O%27Duffy%20Papers%20Collection%20List.pdf |title=Eoin O'Duffy papers |publisher=[[National Library of Ireland]] |access-date=23 September 2017 |archive-date=24 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924002543/http://www.nli.ie/pdfs/mss%20lists/166_Eoin%20O%27Duffy%20Papers%20Collection%20List.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Other sports=== As well as being a prominent figure in Ulster GAA he was also active in other sports. He was President of the Irish Amateur Handball Association from 1926 to 1934, the [[National Athletic and Cycling Association]] from 1931 to 1934 (which he founded in 1922), and the [[Irish Olympic Council]] from 1931 to 1932.<ref name=nil/> O'Duffy believed in the ideal of "cleaned manliness". He said sport "cultivates in a boy habits of self-control [and] self-denial" and promotes "the cleanest and most wholesome of the instincts of youth". He said a lack of sport caused some boys to have "failed to keep their athleticism, but became weedy youths, smoking too soon, drinking too soon".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/violence-citizenship-and-virility-the-making-of-an-irish-fascist/ |title=Violence, citizenship and virility: The making of an Irish fascist |date=19 February 2013 |publisher=[[History Ireland]] |access-date=21 December 2017 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052822/http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/violence-citizenship-and-virility-the-making-of-an-irish-fascist/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Political activities== ===Irish Republican Army and Sinn Féin=== [[File:Eoin O'Duffy.png|thumb|O'Duffy as Commissioner of the [[Garda Síochána]], 1922]] In 1917, O'Duffy joined the [[Irish Volunteers]] and took an active part in the [[Irish War of Independence]], after that organisation became the [[Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)|Irish Republican Army]] (IRA). He rose rapidly through the ranks. He started as the Section Commander of the [[Clones, County Monaghan|Clones]] Company, then [[Captain]], then [[Commandant]] and finally appointed [[Brigadier]] in 1919.<ref name=nil/> He came to the attention of [[Michael Collins (Irish leader)|Michael Collins]], who enrolled him in the [[Irish Republican Brotherhood]] (IRB) and supported his advancement in the movement's hierarchy.<ref name="ODNBEOD">Fearghal McGarry, 'O'Duffy, Eoin (1890–1944)', [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2011</ref><ref>McGarry (2005), p. 27</ref> One year later, Collins described O'Duffy as "the best man in Ulster".<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 26</ref> O'Duffy's senior involvement in the GAA and knowledge of Monaghan from his job as a surveyor proved invaluable for organisation and recruitment.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 28</ref> In 1918 O'Duffy became secretary of Sinn Féin's north Monaghan area council.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 32</ref> On 14 September 1918 he and [[Daniel Hogan (general)|Daniel Hogan]] were arrested after a GAA match and charged with "illegal assembly". He was imprisoned in [[HM Prison Crumlin Road|Belfast Prison]] and released on 19 November 1918.<ref name=nil/> After his release O'Duffy focused on organising his brigade and built an effective intelligence network by cultivating contacts with susceptible RIC men. He was forced to go on the run after a RIC raid on his house in September 1919 but continued to draw his salary from the Monaghan County Council.<ref>McGarry (2005), pp. 42–43</ref> On 15 February 1920, he (along with [[Ernie O'Malley]]) was involved in the first capture of a [[Royal Irish Constabulary]] (RIC) barracks by the IRA in Ballytrain, in his native Monaghan. The raid boosted local IRA recruitment, shook RIC morale and resulted in the closure of many barracks in rural Monaghan.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 48</ref> O'Duffy was once again arrested and imprisoned in Belfast Prison, where he went on hunger strike.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 49</ref> He was released in June and arranged which Sinn Féin candidates would stand in Monaghan during the [[1920 Irish local elections]].<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 50</ref> O'Duffy's brigade started raiding the homes of Protestants for arms, increasing sectarian tensions.<ref>McGarry (2005), pp. 52–53</ref> The raids were not necessarily targeting protestants but unionists as [[Fearghal McGarry|Fearghall McGarry]] writes "the raids were also motivated by sectarian tensions and the Volunteers’ resentment of Protestant support for the authorities: ‘They gave information concerning the IRA to Crown forces and maintained a most hostile attitude to everything republican.’"<ref>{{Cite book |last=McGarry |first=Fearghal |title=EOIN O’DUFFY A Self-Made Hero |date=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-927655-4 |location=Great Clarendon Street, Oxford |pages=53 |language=en}}</ref> The raids were immensely unpopular even amongst the volunteers and "Local Protestants, many of them isolated in rural nationalist areas, were outraged....In contrast, one Protestant, whose ‘dog was very friendly with the raiders’ received a polite apology for the disturbance, while another paid ‘tribute to the pleasant way that the raiders visited him. They came and parted on the happiest terms.’"<ref>{{Cite book |last=McGarry |first=Fearghall |title=EOIN O’DUFFY A Self-Made Hero |date=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-927655-4 |location=Great Clarendon Street, Oxford |pages=54 |language=en}}</ref> Armed Orangemen began parading the roads of Unionist areas and tit-for-tat killings occurred in reprisal for IRA casualties incurred during raids.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 54</ref> He supported the Belfast Boycott and his brigade began harassing of Protestant stores, burning delivery vans from Belfast, raiding trains carrying northern goods and sabotaging rail tracks.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 57</ref> O'Duffy became more ruthless in 1921, intensifying attacks on British forces and executions of suspected informers and other opponents of the IRA.<ref>McGarry (2005), pp. 58–64</ref> When a Protestant trader named George Lester held up and searched two boys he suspected of being dispatch carriers for the IRA in February 1921, O'Duffy ordered his death. Lester was shot but survived his injury. In retaliation, the [[B Specials]] invaded [[Rosslea]] on 23 February and sacked the Catholic part of the town. One month later the IRA, commanded by O'Duffy, raided the town in reprisal, burning fourteen houses and killing three Protestants, two of them B Specials.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 60</ref> He became director of the army in 1921. In May 1921 he was returned as a [[Sinn Féin]] TD for the [[Monaghan (Dáil constituency)|Monaghan]] constituency to the [[Second Dáil]].<ref name=oireachtas_db>{{cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/General-Eoin-O'Duffy.D.1921-08-16/|title=Eoin O'Duffy|work=Oireachtas Members Database|access-date=26 March 2012|archive-date=31 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831094256/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/General-Eoin-O'Duffy.D.1921-08-16/|url-status=live}}</ref> He was re-elected at the [[1922 Irish general election|1922 general election]].<ref name=elecs_irl>{{cite web|url=http://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?ID=6803|title=Eoin O'Duffy|work=ElectionsIreland.org|access-date=26 March 2012|archive-date=19 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019095445/http://electionsireland.org//candidate.cfm?ID=6803|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 1921, he was made commander of the IRA's 2nd Northern Division. Following the Truce with the British in July 1921, he was sent to [[Belfast]]. After the rioting known as [[Bloody Sunday (1921)|Belfast's Bloody Sunday]], he was given the task of liaising with the British to try to maintain the Truce and defend Catholic areas against attack. During this time he gained the nickname "Give 'em the lead" after delivering a belligerent speech in South [[Armagh]] threatening that if unionists "decided they were against Ireland and against their fellow countrymen" the IRA would "have to use the lead against them".<ref>McGarry (2005), pp. 78–80</ref> He was Director of Organisation in [[Ulster]] and Chief [[Liaison officer]] for Ulster at the time the treaty was signed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0762.pdf#page=24 |title=Witness Statement of Captain Liam McMullen |publisher=[[Bureau of Military History]] |access-date=23 September 2017 |archive-date=24 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924001748/http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0762.pdf#page=24 |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 1922 he became [[List of IRA Chiefs of Staff|IRA Chief of Staff]], replacing [[Richard Mulcahy]]. O'Duffy was the youngest general in Europe until Spanish general [[Francisco Franco]] was promoted to that rank.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} ===Civil War General and Garda Síochána=== [[File:O'Duffy situational NAC.jpg|thumb|O'Duffy in his uniform as [[Garda Commissioner]], {{circa|1922–33}}]] In 1921 he supported the [[Anglo-Irish Treaty]], being pessimistic about the IRA's chances should the war resume and seeing the treaty as a stepping stone to a republic.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 91</ref> [[Frank Aiken]], a future military and political opponent, stated that from the signing of the treaty to the attack on the Four Courts in June 1922, O'Duffy did Herculean work for the pro-treaty cause. Further, Aiken felt that without those endeavours, aided by Mulcahy and [[Eoin MacNeill]], the Civil War would not have taken place.<ref>Síobhra Aiken et al. (ed.), ''The Men Will Talk to Me. Ernie O'Malley's Interviews with the Northern Divisions'' (2018), pp. 199, 207</ref> On 14 January, Dan Hogan was arrested in [[Derry]] by the B Specials. In response, O'Duffy proposed the kidnapping of a hundred prominent Orangemen in [[County Fermanagh|Fermanagh]] and [[County Tyrone|Tyrone]] to Collins. The raid was executed on 7 February.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 99</ref> On 22 April, O'Duffy accused [[Liam Lynch (Irish republican)|Liam Lynch]]'s 1st Southern Division of retaining arms intended for the Northern IRA. Lynch in turn blamed O'Duffy for the arms not reaching the north.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 98</ref> He served as a general in the [[National Army (Ireland)|National Army]] and was given control of the South-Western Command.<ref name=nil/> In the ensuing [[Irish Civil War]] he was one of the architects behind the Free State's strategy of [[Irish Free State offensive|seaborne landings]] in Republican-held areas. He took [[Limerick]] for the Free State in July 1922, before being held up in the [[Battle of Killmallock]] south of the city. The enmities of the Civil War era were to stay with O'Duffy throughout his political career.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} In September 1922, Minister for Home Affairs [[Kevin O'Higgins]] was experiencing indiscipline within the recently formed [[Garda Síochána]] and O'Duffy was appointed [[Garda Commissioner]] after resigning from the army to take up the position. O'Duffy was a fine organiser and has been given much of the credit for the emergence of a largely respected, non-political and unarmed police force. He insisted on a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] ethos to distinguish the Gardaí from their [[Royal Irish Constabulary]] (RIC) predecessors, and regularly told members of the force they were not just men working an ordinary job, but policemen fulfilling their religious duty.<ref>{{cite book|title=A history of the Garda Síochána|first=Liam|last=McNiffe|publisher=Wolfhound Press|date=1997|page=138}}</ref> He was also a vocal opponent of alcohol in the force, instructing Gardaí to avoid it in his first public address as Garda Commissioner. He encouraged Garda members to join the [[Pioneer Total Abstinence Association|Pioneer Total Abstinence Association of the Sacred Heart]]. Although Garda were not allowed to wear pins on their uniform, O'Duffy made an exception for the Pioneer pin.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McGarry |first1=Fearghal |title=Eoin O'Duffy A Self-Made Hero |date=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=120}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Massey |first1=Thomas |title=Edward J. Byrne, 1872-1941 The Forgotten Archbishop of Dublin |date=2010 |publisher=Columbia Press |page=166}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ferriter |first1=Diarmaid |title=Garda morality and policing of 'scarlet women' |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/diarmaid-ferriter-garda-morality-and-policing-of-scarlet-women-1.3933454 |newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref> In 1924 during the [[Irish Army Mutiny]] he was appointed as General Officer Commanding of the [[Irish Army]], holding both roles until 1925.<ref name=dib/> In February, following a [[1933 Irish general election|general election in 1933]], [[President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State|Executive Council President]] [[Éamon de Valera]] dismissed O'Duffy as Garda Commissioner. In the [[Dáil]] de Valera explained the reason for his dismissal, stating "[O'Duffy] was likely to be biased in his attitude because of past political affiliations". The true reason, however, appears to have been the new government's discovery that shortly after the [[1932 Irish general election|1932 election]], O'Duffy was one of the voices urging the [[Cumann na nGaedheal]] government of [[W. T. Cosgrave]] to resort to a [[military coup]] rather than to turn over power to the incoming [[Fianna Fáil]] administration.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 189</ref> O'Duffy refused the offer of another position of equivalent rank in the public service.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 197</ref> [[Ernest Blythe]] said many years later that Cosgrave had become so alarmed by O'Duffy's conduct that had he returned to power he would have also sacked O'Duffy as De Valera had done.<ref>McGarry (2005), pp. 188,386</ref> However O'Duffy's dismissal was criticised in the Dáil at the time by Cumann na nGaedheal politicians.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Oireachtas|first=Houses of the|date=1933-03-14|title=Private Deputies' Business. – Removal From Office of General Eoin O'Duffy, as Commissioner of the Gárda Síochána. – Dáil Éireann (8th Dáil) – Tuesday, 14 Mar 1933 – Houses of the Oireachtas|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1933-03-14/35|access-date=2022-02-22|website=www.oireachtas.ie|language=en-ie}}</ref> ===Leader of the Blueshirts=== [[File:Eoin O'Duffy 1934.jpg|thumb|right|O'Duffy speaking at a rally in September 1934]] In July 1933 O'Duffy, urged by Blythe and [[Thomas F. O'Higgins]], became leader of the [[Army Comrades Association]], an organisation set up to protect [[Cumann na nGaedheal]] public meetings, which had been disrupted under the slogan "No Free Speech for Traitors" by [[Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)|Irish Republican Army]] members newly confident after the elections. O'Duffy and many other conservative elements within the [[Irish Free State]] began to embrace fascist ideology, which was in vogue at that time and O'Duffy was seen to be an ideal choice to lead the Blueshirts as he was considered charismatic, skilled in organising and also untainted by association with the failures of the previous [[Cumann na nGaedheal]] government.<ref>McGarry (2005), pp. 207–208</ref> O'Duffy was approved as leader of the ACA on 20 July.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 209</ref> He soon changed the name of this new movement to the National Guard. An admirer of the Italian leader [[Benito Mussolini]], O'Duffy and his organisation adopted outward symbols of European fascism such as the straight-arm [[Roman salute]] and a distinctive blue uniform. It was not long before they became known as the [[Blueshirts]], similar to the Italian Blackshirts and the German Brownshirts.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} O'Duffy established a weekly newspaper, the Blueshirt, and published a new constitution that promoted corporatism, Irish unification and opposition to "alien" control and influence.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 210</ref> In July 1933, O'Duffy announced plans for a parade by the Blueshirts in Dublin to commemorate Michael Collins, [[Arthur Griffith]], and Kevin O'Higgins. An annual march to Leinster Lawn to commemorate the three pro-Treaty nationalists had been held until Fianna Fáil came to power in 1932.<ref name=":0" /> De Valera feared a similar ''coup d'état'' as seen in Italy and the Special Branch raided the houses of prominent people aligned with Cumann na nGaedheal to seize their firearms.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 216</ref> On 11 August, de Valera reinstated the [[Constitution (Amendment No. 17) Act 1931]], banned the parade and placed Gardaí outside of key locations.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 217</ref> 48 hours before the planned march, 200 men were recruited into an auxiliary special branch of the police soon nicknamed the Broy Harriers.<ref name=":0" /> On 22 August the Blueshirts were declared an illegal organisation.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 218</ref> To circumvent this ban the movement once again adopted a new name, this time styling itself the League of Youth. In 1933 a group of Irish republicans, one member of which was [[Dan Keating]], planned to assassinate O'Duffy in [[Ballyseedy]], [[County Kerry]], while he would be on his way to a meeting. A man was sent to Limerick to find out which car O'Duffy would be travelling in but the man purposely gave false information and O'Duffy escaped.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/4818356.stm |title=Spanish Civil War veterans look back |date=17 March 2006 |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=7 July 2017 |archive-date=18 March 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170318150952/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/4818356.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> During the early stages of the [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War]] in 1935, O'Duffy offered [[Benito Mussolini]] the service of 1000 Blueshirts because he believed the war represented the struggle between civilisation and barbarism. On 18 September, in an interview he said that the Blueshirts were volunteering to fight "not for Italy or against Abyssinia, but for the principle of the [[Corporatism#Fascist corporatism|corporate system]]" against which "the forces of both [[Marxism]] and of [[capitalism]]" were ranged.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/eoin-oduffys-blueshirts-and-the-abyssinian-crisis/\ |publisher=[[History Ireland]] |title=Eoin O'Duffy's Blueshirts and the Abyssinian Crisis |access-date=9 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120010446/https://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/eoin-oduffys-blueshirts-and-the-abyssinian-crisis/ |archive-date=20 November 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> O'Duffy and some of his men also made an appearance at the [[1934 Montreux Fascist conference|1934 International Fascist conference]] in [[Montreux]] where he argued against antisemitism, telling the conference that they had "no Jewish problem in Ireland" and that he "could not subscribe to the principle of the persecution of any race".<ref>{{cite magazine| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,754480,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125075603/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,754480,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=25 November 2010 | magazine=Time | title=INTERNATIONAL: Pax Romanizing | date=31 December 1934}}</ref><ref>McGarry (2005), p. 254</ref> Upon his return to Ireland, he indicated his preference for Italian fascism over German Nazism, stating: "the Nazi policy is not compatible with the corporative system."<ref name=":0" /> ===Fine Gael=== [[File:O'Duffy Blue Shirt Movement fascist salute.jpg|thumb|O'Duffy leading a salute with the [[Blueshirts]], December 1934]] On 24 August 1933, representatives of Cumann na nGaedheal and the [[National Centre Party (Ireland)|National Centre Party]] approached O'Duffy, offering that the Blueshirts join their ranks in exchange for O'Duffy becoming their leader. On 8 September the Blueshirts, under pressure after de Valera's ban on the organisation, approved the merger and so Cumann na nGaedheal, the Centre Party and the Blueshirt movement merged to form [[Fine Gael]].<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 219</ref> O'Duffy, though not a [[Teachta Dála|TD]], became the first leader, with W. T. Cosgrave serving as Vice President and parliamentary leader. The National Guard, now rechristened the Young Ireland Association, was transformed from an illegal paramilitary group into the militant wing of a political party. The new party's policy document, published in mid-November 1933, sought the reunification of Ireland within the [[British Commonwealth]] but made no mention of a corporatist parliament and committed itself to democracy. As a result, O'Duffy was forced to tone down his anti-democratic rhetoric though many of his Blueshirt colleagues continued to advocate authoritarianism.<ref>McGarry (2005), pp. 222–223</ref> Fine Gael meetings were often attacked by IRA members and O'Duffy's touring of rural towns resulted in tensions and violence.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 225</ref> On 6 October 1933 O'Duffy was involved in disturbances in [[Tralee]] during which he was hit with a hammer on the head and had his car torched as he attempted to attend a Fine Gael convention.<ref name=ie/> De Valera used the violence to justify a crackdown on Blueshirt activities. A raid on the Young Ireland Association found evidence that it was the National Guard under another name, and the organisation was once again banned.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 226</ref> O'Duffy responded with a speech in [[Ballyshannon]] where referred to himself as a republican and declared that "whenever Mr de Valera runs away from the Republic and arrests you Republicans, and puts you on board beds in Mountjoy, he is entitled to the fate he gave Mick Collins and Kevin O’Higgins".<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 227</ref> O'Duffy was arrested by the Gardaí several days later.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 228</ref> He was initially released on appeal but was summoned to appear before the Military Tribunal two days later and charged with membership of an illegal organisation and incitement to murder the president of the executive council, however, they were unable to convict him of either charge.<ref>McGarry (2005), pp. 229–230</ref> O'Duffy proved an unsuitable leader: he was a soldier rather than a politician and was temperamental. He resented Cumann na nGaedheal's drift from republicanism following Collins' death in 1922, and insisted that Fine Gael would not "play second fiddle to anybody in the matter of Nationality".<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 235</ref> O'Duffy's nationalistic views alienated ex-Unionists who had supported Cumann na nGaedheal since the civil war, alarmed pro-Commonwealth moderates in Fine Gael, and resulted in O'Duffy being made the subject of an exclusion order in [[Northern Ireland]].<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 239</ref> O'Duffy also clashed with his party on economic matters. Whereas Fine Gael favoured a return to [[pasture]] farming and [[free trade]], O'Duffy was supportive of the experiments in [[tillage]] and [[protectionism]] implemented by his Fianna Fáil rivals, and was forced to attempt to compromise between the two.<ref>McGarry (2005), pp. 241–243</ref> His Fine Gael colleagues who regarded themselves as defenders of law-and-order were embarrassed by the Blueshirts' use of violence and attacks on the Gardaí, in addition to O'Duffy's connections with foreign fascist organisations and his view of the IRA as a communist group.<ref name=nil/> O'Duffy's prestige was damaged when Fine Gael only won majorities on six councils to Fianna Fáil's fifteen in the [[1934 Irish local elections]] after O'Duffy had predicted taking twenty.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/without-the-blueshirts-there-would-have-been-no-fine-gael-1.4399082 |title=Without the Blueshirts, there would have been no Fine Gael |last1=Collins |first1=Stephen |last2=Meehan |first2=Ciara |date=7 November 2020 |work=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=19 January 2021 |quote= |archive-date=4 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104144931/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/without-the-blueshirts-there-would-have-been-no-fine-gael-1.4399082 |url-status=live }}</ref> The cost of Blueshirt activism also began to strain the party financially.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 260</ref> O'Duffy's approval of illegal agitation against the collection of land annuities by the government, declaration of his support for a republic and the revelation of his connections with the [[British Union of Fascists]] and the [[Fedrelandslaget]] were the last straws for moderates in Fine Gael. On 5 and 7 September 1934 Cosgrave, [[Ned Cronin]] and [[James Dillon (Fine Gael politician)|James Dillon]] met O'Duffy resulting in an agreement that O'Duffy could "deliver only carefully prepared and concise speeches from manuscripts" and give interviews "only after consultation and in writing". In response, O'Duffy resigned from the party on 18 September.<ref>McGarry (2005), pp. 261–265</ref> After his resignation, O'Duffy denounced Fine Gael as "the pan-British party of the Free State" and claimed he resigned "because he was not prepared to lead the League of Youth with the Union Jack tied to his neck".<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 240</ref> ===Spanish Civil War=== At first, O'Duffy announced to the press that "he was glad to be out of politics", but in October 1934 he announced his intentions to lead the Blueshirts as an independent movement. The Blueshirts split into two factions, one supporting O'Duffy and the other supporting Ned Cronin's leadership.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 270</ref> O'Duffy and Cronin toured the country attempting to win the support of local Blueshirt branches.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 271</ref> By 1935, the Blueshirts had disintegrated. Seeking to regain his former political influence, O'Duffy attempted to court the IRA, encouraging his followers to wear [[Easter Lily (badge)|Easter lilies]] and desist from informing on republicans.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 279</ref> In June 1935, O'Duffy launched the [[National Corporate Party]], a fascist political party inspired by Italy's Mussolini. The following year, he organised an [[Irish Brigade (Spanish Civil War)|Irish Brigade]] to fight for the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|Nationalists]] in the [[Spanish Civil War]]. He was motivated to do so by [[Ireland–Spain relations|Ireland's historic link with Spain]], his devout anti-communism and a will to defend [[Catholicism]], stating "It is not a conflict between fascism and anti-fascism but between Christ and antichrist".<ref name=ie>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/more-recent-files-devoid-of-oduffy-era-detail-218192.html|title=More recent files devoid of O'Duffy-era detail|last=Dwyer|first=Ryle|date=2012-12-31|website=www.irishexaminer.com|language=en|access-date=2019-10-03|archive-date=26 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726101352/https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/more-recent-files-devoid-of-oduffy-era-detail-218192.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In London in September 1936, O'Duffy met [[Juan de la Cierva, 1st Count of la Cierva|Juan de la Cierva]] and [[Emilio Mola]], promising he would recruit an Irish contingent to fight against the Republicans.<ref>Fearghal McGarry, Irish Politics and the Spanish Civil War, p. 27</ref> Despite the Irish Government advising against participation in the war, 700 of O'Duffy's followers went to Spain to fight on the Nationalist side. He later stated he had received over 7,000 applications but several complications meant only 700 of these made it to Spain.<ref name=hi>{{Cite web |url=http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/ireland-and-the-spanish-civil-war/ |title=Ireland and the Spanish Civil War |date=11 February 2013 |publisher=[[History Ireland]] |access-date=22 September 2017 |archive-date=21 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221052650/http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/ireland-and-the-spanish-civil-war/ |url-status=live }}</ref> O'Duffy's men saw little fighting and were sent home by Nationalist leader [[Francisco Franco]], returning in June 1937.<ref>Thomas Gunning, former secretary to O'Duffy, was also a "suspect" for [[Directorate of Intelligence (Ireland)|Irish Military Intelligence (G2)]], having remained in Spain after the rest of the Irish volunteers departed under a cloud of recrimination. Gunning worked as a newspaper correspondent in Spain for a short time then made his way to Berlin, where he worked for the Propaganda Ministry until his death in 1940.</ref> Franco had not been impressed by the Brigade's lack of military expertise and there were bitter arguments among O'Duffy and his officers about the direction of the Brigade.<ref name=hi/> ==Later life and death== O'Duffy returned to Ireland from Spain in disarray. He wrote a book, ''Crusade in Spain'' (1938), about the Irish Brigade in Spain. The book had antisemitic undertones; O'Duffy wrote that trade unions are "powerful political [[Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory|Jewish-Masonic]] organisations, directed and focused by the [[Communist International]]."<ref name=nil/> He later congratulated General Franco for winning the Spanish Civil War; Franco thanked O'Duffy for his sending congratulations "on the victory of the Spanish Army in defence of Christianity, occidental civilisation and humanity, over the forces of destruction and disorder."<ref name=irishtimes1939/> In 1936 O'Duffy attended the founding meeting of [[Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann]] but never became a member.<ref name=eithne>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U5VnAAAAMAAJ&q=cumann+poblachta+na+heireann |title=Clann Na Poblachta |page=11 |author=Eithne McDermott|year=1998 |publisher=Cork University Press |isbn=9781859181867 }}</ref> In 1940 he also attended the founding meeting of [[Córas na Poblachta]] along with former leaders of the [[Irish Christian Front]].<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 332</ref> In 1939 ''[[The Irish Times]]'' reported that O'Duffy and his followers were trying to set up a new organisation however nothing materialised.<ref name=irishtimes1939>{{Cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/what-o-duffy-did-when-he-came-home-1.782808 |title=What O'Duffy Did When He Came Home |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |access-date=20 December 2017 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052309/https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/what-o-duffy-did-when-he-came-home-1.782808 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was subsequently put under surveillance by the [[Directorate of Military Intelligence (Ireland)|G2]]. In February 1939 he met up with Oskar Pfaus, a German spy whom he put in touch with the IRA. He also met the Italian diplomat Vincenzo Berardis.<ref name=nil/> Berardis assessed O'Duffy as being a committed fascist and noted his approval of the [[S-Plan]] and his opposition to de Valera's coercion against the IRA.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 324</ref> A month later O'Duffy met Berardis again to solicit his support for a new fascist party that would unite Irish fascists and republicans.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 325</ref> He is thought to have met with several leading IRA figures and German diplomat [[Eduard Hempel]] in a remote corner of [[County Donegal]] during the summer of 1939. G2 suspected O'Duffy was "flirting with the IRA" by acting as a negotiator between them and the Germans. At one point O'Duffy was offered a position as an IRA intelligence officer and on another occasion, he was invited to join former IRA Chiefs of Staff [[Moss Twomey]] and [[Andy Cooney]] in a protest against the "Yankee invasion of the Six Counties" in the summer of 1941.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 338</ref> In early November 1940, O'Duffy spoke with German spy [[Hermann Goertz]] in a meeting arranged by [[Seamus O'Donovan]]. O'Duffy made a good impression on Goertz and put him in contact with General [[Hugo MacNeill (Irish Army officer)|Hugo MacNeill]], who met with O'Duffy and German diplomat Henning Thomsen the next month to draw up a bilateral understanding between the Irish army and Germany in the event of a British invasion of Ireland.<ref>McGarry (2005), p. 336</ref> In February-March 1943, transmissions were sent using Goertz's code to the [[Abwehr]] in Berlin purportedly from an associate of O'Duffy which offered to raise a 'Green Division' of volunteers to fight alongside the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front to "fight against Bolshevism". The telegram was sent by Joseph Andrews, a man unconnected to O'Duffy, who had been attempting to extract money from the Germans. He was arrested in Dublin in December 1943. O'Duffy was unaware of the proposal made in his name by Andrews.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Traynor |first=Jack |title=O’Duffy’s ‘Green Division’— fact or fiction? |url=https://www.historyireland.com/oduffys-green-division-fact-or-fiction/ |journal=History Ireland |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=38-40}}</ref> By this time O'Duffy had developed a serious drinking problem<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theirishstory.com/2018/10/24/gods-battle-oduffys-irish-brigade-in-the-spanish-civil-war/#.XZZIdGZ7k2x|title='God's Battle': O'Duffy's Irish Brigade in the Spanish Civil War|last=Dorney|first=John|date=24 October 2018|website=theirishstory.com|access-date=2019-10-03|archive-date=7 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190907010936/http://www.theirishstory.com/2018/10/24/gods-battle-oduffys-irish-brigade-in-the-spanish-civil-war/#.XZZIdGZ7k2x|url-status=live}}</ref> and his health had begun to seriously deteriorate; he died on 30 November 1944, aged 54. He received a [[List of Irish state funerals|state funeral]]. Following Requiem Mass in [[St Mary's Pro-Cathedral]], he was buried in [[Glasnevin Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/cemetery-s-appeal-very-much-alive-1.925489|title=Cemetery's appeal very much alive|author=Staff writer(s)|newspaper=The Irish Times|date=4 January 2008|access-date=18 December 2017|archive-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052257/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/cemetery-s-appeal-very-much-alive-1.925489|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2006 [[RTÉ]] aired a documentary entitled ''Eoin O'Duffy — An Irish Fascist''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://presspack.rte.ie/2006/12/05/hidden-history-founding-fathers-eoin-oduffy-an-irish-fascist/|title=HIDDEN HISTORY: FOUNDING FATHERS. Eoin O'Duffy – an Irish Fascist &#124; RTÉ Presspack|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022144823/https://presspack.rte.ie/2006/12/05/hidden-history-founding-fathers-eoin-oduffy-an-irish-fascist/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Gallery== <gallery> File:Piece 206-070; Owen O'Duffy (Eoin O'Duffy) (1922).pdf|British Army intelligence file for Owen O'Duffy (Eoin O'Duffy) </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * Fearghal McGarry, ''Eoin O'Duffy: A Self-Made Hero'' (Oxford University Press, 2005) * Jack Traynor, ''General Eoin O'Duffy: The Political Life of an Irish Firebrand'' (McFarland & Co., 2024). * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028125911/http://geocities.com/irelandscw/top-Contents-OD.htm |date=28 October 2009 |title=For material on the Irish Bandera}} * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028125910/http://geocities.com/irelandscw/top-Contents-Rep.htm |date=28 October 2009 |title=For material on the International Brigadiers from Ireland}}. * [http://www.threemonkeysonline.com/article_eoin_oduffy_self_made_hero_fearghal_mcgarry.htm Eoin O'Duffy: A Self-Made Hero – Fearghal McGarry interviewed] * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028114011/http://geocities.com/IrelandSCW/docs-IIODuffyReview.htm |date=28 October 2009 |title=A review of McGarry's book}} by Dermot Bolger in the Sunday Independent, (Dublin) 27 November 2005. {{s-start}} {{s-mil}} {{s-new | office}} {{s-ttl|title = [[Chief of Staff of the Defence Forces (Ireland)|Chief of Staff of the Defence Forces]] |years = February–July 1922}} {{s-aft|after = [[Richard Mulcahy]]}} {{s-end}} {{IRA}} {{Chief of Staff of the Irish Defence Forces}} {{Monaghan (Dáil constituency)/TDs}} {{Fine Gael}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oduffy, Eoin}} [[Category:1890 births]] [[Category:1944 deaths]] [[Category:Military personnel from County Monaghan]] [[Category:Antisemitism in Ireland]] [[Category:Burials at Glasnevin Cemetery]] [[Category:Chiefs of Staff of the Defence Forces (Ireland)]] [[Category:Christian fascists]] [[Category:Early Sinn Féin TDs]] [[Category:Fascist politicians]] [[Category:Garda Commissioners]] [[Category:Irish Republican Army (1919–1922) members]] [[Category:Irish far-right politicians]] [[Category:Irish fascists]] [[Category:Irish people of the Spanish Civil War]] [[Category:Leaders of Fine Gael]] [[Category:Members of the 2nd Dáil]] [[Category:Members of the 3rd Dáil]] [[Category:Members of the Blueshirts]] [[Category:National Army (Ireland) generals]] [[Category:Olympic Federation of Ireland officials]] [[Category:Police officers from County Monaghan]] [[Category:People of the Irish Civil War (Pro-Treaty side)]] [[Category:Foreign volunteers in the Spanish Civil War (National faction)]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaghan_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Monaghan (Dáil constituency)">Monaghan (Dáil constituency)</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monaghan_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)&action=edit" title="Monaghan (Dáil constituency)">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Absolute_page_title" title="Template:Absolute page title">Template:Absolute page title</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Absolute_page_title&action=edit" title="Template:Absolute page title">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control" title="Template:Authority control">Template:Authority control</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Authority_control&action=edit" title="Template:Authority control">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Birth_date" title="Template:Birth date">Template:Birth date</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Birth_date&action=edit" title="Template:Birth date">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Both" title="Template:Both">Template:Both</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Both&action=edit" title="Template:Both">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Category_handler" title="Template:Category handler">Template:Category handler</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Category_handler&action=edit" title="Template:Category handler">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Chief_of_Staff_of_the_Irish_Defence_Forces" title="Template:Chief of Staff of the Irish Defence Forces">Template:Chief of Staff of the Irish Defence Forces</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Chief_of_Staff_of_the_Irish_Defence_Forces&action=edit" title="Template:Chief of Staff of the Irish Defence Forces">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Circa" title="Template:Circa">Template:Circa</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Circa&action=edit" title="Template:Circa">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed">Template:Citation needed</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Citation_needed&action=edit" title="Template:Citation needed">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">Template:Cite book</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_book&action=edit" title="Template:Cite book">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">Template:Cite journal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_journal&action=edit" title="Template:Cite journal">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">Template:Cite magazine</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_magazine&action=edit" title="Template:Cite magazine">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">Template:Cite news</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news&action=edit" title="Template:Cite news">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">Template:Cite web</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_web&action=edit" title="Template:Cite web">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Constituency_Teachta%C3%AD_D%C3%A1la_navbox" title="Template:Constituency Teachtaí Dála navbox">Template:Constituency Teachtaí Dála navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Constituency_Teachta%C3%AD_D%C3%A1la_navbox&action=edit" title="Template:Constituency Teachtaí Dála navbox">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Constituency_Teachta%C3%AD_D%C3%A1la_navbox/core" title="Template:Constituency Teachtaí Dála navbox/core">Template:Constituency Teachtaí Dála navbox/core</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Constituency_Teachta%C3%AD_D%C3%A1la_navbox/core&action=edit" title="Template:Constituency Teachtaí Dála navbox/core">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Convert" title="Template:Convert">Template:Convert</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Convert&action=edit" title="Template:Convert">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Count" title="Template:Count">Template:Count</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Count&action=edit" title="Template:Count">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country2nationality" title="Template:Country2nationality">Template:Country2nationality</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country2nationality&action=edit" title="Template:Country2nationality">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:DMCA" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:DMCA">Template:DMCA</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:DMCA&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:DMCA">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dated_maintenance_category" title="Template:Dated maintenance category">Template:Dated maintenance category</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Dated_maintenance_category&action=edit" title="Template:Dated maintenance category">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dated_maintenance_category_(articles)" title="Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)">Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Dated_maintenance_category_(articles)&action=edit" title="Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Death_date_and_age" title="Template:Death date and age">Template:Death date and age</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Death_date_and_age&action=edit" title="Template:Death date and age">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Delink" title="Template:Delink">Template:Delink</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Delink&action=edit" title="Template:Delink">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Delink_question_hyphen-minus" title="Template:Delink question hyphen-minus">Template:Delink question hyphen-minus</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Delink_question_hyphen-minus&action=edit" title="Template:Delink question hyphen-minus">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Detect_singular" title="Template:Detect singular">Template:Detect singular</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Detect_singular&action=edit" title="Template:Detect singular">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:En_dash_range" title="Template:En dash range">Template:En dash range</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:En_dash_range&action=edit" title="Template:En dash range">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME" title="Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME">Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME&action=edit" title="Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Find_country" title="Template:Find country">Template:Find country</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Find_country&action=edit" title="Template:Find country">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fine_Gael" title="Template:Fine Gael">Template:Fine Gael</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fine_Gael&action=edit" title="Template:Fine Gael">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fix" title="Template:Fix">Template:Fix</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fix&action=edit" title="Template:Fix">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fix/category" title="Template:Fix/category">Template:Fix/category</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fix/category&action=edit" title="Template:Fix/category">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hatnote" title="Template:Hatnote">Template:Hatnote</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Hatnote&action=edit" title="Template:Hatnote">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hlist/styles.css" title="Template:Hlist/styles.css">Template:Hlist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Hlist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Hlist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:IRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:IRA">Template:IRA</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:IRA&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:IRA">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_officeholder" title="Template:Infobox officeholder">Template:Infobox officeholder</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_officeholder&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox officeholder">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_officeholder/office" title="Template:Infobox officeholder/office">Template:Infobox officeholder/office</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_officeholder/office&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox officeholder/office">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_Republican_Army_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Template:Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)">Template:Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Irish_Republican_Army_(1919%E2%80%931922)&action=edit" title="Template:Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_TD_table_D%C3%A1il" title="Template:Irish TD table Dáil">Template:Irish TD table Dáil</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Irish_TD_table_D%C3%A1il&action=edit" title="Template:Irish TD table Dáil">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_TD_table_TD_with_party_link" title="Template:Irish TD table TD with party link">Template:Irish TD table TD with party link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Irish_TD_table_TD_with_party_link&action=edit" title="Template:Irish TD table TD with party link">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_TD_table_begin" title="Template:Irish TD table begin">Template:Irish TD table begin</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Irish_TD_table_begin&action=edit" title="Template:Irish TD table begin">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_TD_table_by-election" title="Template:Irish TD table by-election">Template:Irish TD table by-election</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Irish_TD_table_by-election&action=edit" title="Template:Irish TD table by-election">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_TD_table_end" title="Template:Irish TD table end">Template:Irish TD table end</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Irish_TD_table_end&action=edit" title="Template:Irish TD table end">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Is_this_a_D%C3%A1il_constituency_article" title="Template:Is this a Dáil constituency article">Template:Is this a Dáil constituency article</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Is_this_a_D%C3%A1il_constituency_article&action=edit" title="Template:Is this a Dáil constituency article">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Listen" title="Template:Listen">Template:Listen</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Listen&action=edit" title="Template:Listen">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:MONTHNAME" title="Template:MONTHNAME">Template:MONTHNAME</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:MONTHNAME&action=edit" title="Template:MONTHNAME">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:MONTHNUMBER" title="Template:MONTHNUMBER">Template:MONTHNUMBER</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:MONTHNUMBER&action=edit" title="Template:MONTHNUMBER">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Main_other" title="Template:Main other">Template:Main other</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Main_other&action=edit" title="Template:Main other">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_navigation" title="Template:Military navigation">Template:Military navigation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Military_navigation&action=edit" title="Template:Military navigation">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Monaghan_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)/TDs" title="Template:Monaghan (Dáil constituency)/TDs">Template:Monaghan (Dáil constituency)/TDs</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Monaghan_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)/TDs&action=edit" title="Template:Monaghan (Dáil constituency)/TDs">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox" title="Template:Navbox">Template:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Navbox&action=edit" title="Template:Navbox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nbhyph" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Nbhyph">Template:Nbhyph</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Nbhyph&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Nbhyph">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobold" title="Template:Nobold">Template:Nobold</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Nobold&action=edit" title="Template:Nobold">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobold/styles.css" title="Template:Nobold/styles.css">Template:Nobold/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Nobold/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Nobold/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Non_breaking_hyphen" title="Template:Non breaking hyphen">Template:Non breaking hyphen</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Non_breaking_hyphen&action=edit" title="Template:Non breaking hyphen">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nowrap" title="Template:Nowrap">Template:Nowrap</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Nowrap&action=edit" title="Template:Nowrap">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ns_has_subpages" title="Template:Ns has subpages">Template:Ns has subpages</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ns_has_subpages&action=edit" title="Template:Ns has subpages">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ordinal" title="Template:Ordinal">Template:Ordinal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ordinal&action=edit" title="Template:Ordinal">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:PAGENAMEBASE" title="Template:PAGENAMEBASE">Template:PAGENAMEBASE</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:PAGENAMEBASE&action=edit" title="Template:PAGENAMEBASE">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pagetype" title="Template:Pagetype">Template:Pagetype</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Pagetype&action=edit" title="Template:Pagetype">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Party_color" title="Template:Party color">Template:Party color</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Party_color&action=edit" title="Template:Party color">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Plainlist/styles.css" title="Template:Plainlist/styles.css">Template:Plainlist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Plainlist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Plainlist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">Template:Reflist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Reflist&action=edit" title="Template:Reflist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist/styles.css" title="Template:Reflist/styles.css">Template:Reflist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Reflist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Reflist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-aft" title="Template:S-aft">Template:S-aft</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-aft&action=edit" title="Template:S-aft">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-aft/check" title="Template:S-aft/check">Template:S-aft/check</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-aft/check&action=edit" title="Template:S-aft/check">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-aft/filter" title="Template:S-aft/filter">Template:S-aft/filter</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-aft/filter&action=edit" title="Template:S-aft/filter">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-end" title="Template:S-end">Template:S-end</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-end&action=edit" title="Template:S-end">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-mil" title="Template:S-mil">Template:S-mil</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-mil&action=edit" title="Template:S-mil">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-new" title="Template:S-new">Template:S-new</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-new&action=edit" title="Template:S-new">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-start" title="Template:S-start">Template:S-start</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-start&action=edit" title="Template:S-start">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-ttl" title="Template:S-ttl">Template:S-ttl</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-ttl&action=edit" title="Template:S-ttl">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:S-ttl/check" title="Template:S-ttl/check">Template:S-ttl/check</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:S-ttl/check&action=edit" title="Template:S-ttl/check">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:SDcat" title="Template:SDcat">Template:SDcat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:SDcat&action=edit" title="Template:SDcat">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Short_description" title="Template:Short description">Template:Short description</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Short_description&action=edit" title="Template:Short description">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck" title="Template:Short description/lowercasecheck">Template:Short description/lowercasecheck</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck&action=edit" title="Template:Short description/lowercasecheck">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Small" title="Template:Small">Template:Small</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Small&action=edit" title="Template:Small">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Strfind_short" title="Template:Strfind short">Template:Strfind short</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Strfind_short&action=edit" title="Template:Strfind short">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Template_other" title="Template:Template other">Template:Template other</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Template_other&action=edit" title="Template:Template other">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Tooltip" title="Template:Tooltip">Template:Tooltip</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Tooltip&action=edit" title="Template:Tooltip">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Tooltip/styles.css" title="Template:Tooltip/styles.css">Template:Tooltip/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Tooltip/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Tooltip/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Transcluded_section" title="Template:Transcluded section">Template:Transcluded section</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Transcluded_section&action=edit" title="Template:Transcluded section">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Trim" title="Template:Trim">Template:Trim</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Trim&action=edit" title="Template:Trim">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ubl" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Ubl">Template:Ubl</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ubl&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Ubl">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Unbulleted_list" title="Template:Unbulleted list">Template:Unbulleted list</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Unbulleted_list&action=edit" title="Template:Unbulleted list">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Use_Hiberno-English" title="Template:Use Hiberno-English">Template:Use Hiberno-English</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Use_Hiberno-English&action=edit" title="Template:Use Hiberno-English">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Use_dmy_dates" title="Template:Use dmy dates">Template:Use dmy dates</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Use_dmy_dates&action=edit" title="Template:Use dmy dates">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Webarchive" title="Template:Webarchive">Template:Webarchive</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Webarchive&action=edit" title="Template:Webarchive">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno" title="Template:Yesno">Template:Yesno</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno-no" title="Template:Yesno-no">Template:Yesno-no</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno-no&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno-no">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno-yes" title="Template:Yesno-yes">Template:Yesno-yes</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno-yes&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno-yes">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Age" title="Module:Age">Module:Age</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Age&action=edit" title="Module:Age">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Arguments" title="Module:Arguments">Module:Arguments</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Arguments&action=edit" title="Module:Arguments">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control" title="Module:Authority control">Module:Authority control</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/auxiliary" title="Module:Authority control/auxiliary">Module:Authority control/auxiliary</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control/auxiliary&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control/auxiliary">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/config" title="Module:Authority control/config">Module:Authority control/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control/config&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control/config">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler" title="Module:Category handler">Module:Category handler</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/blacklist" title="Module:Category handler/blacklist">Module:Category handler/blacklist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/blacklist&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/blacklist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/config" title="Module:Category handler/config">Module:Category handler/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/config&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/data" title="Module:Category handler/data">Module:Category handler/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/data&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/data">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/shared" title="Module:Category handler/shared">Module:Category handler/shared</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/shared&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/shared">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters" title="Module:Check for unknown parameters">Module:Check for unknown parameters</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters&action=edit" title="Module:Check for unknown parameters">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/COinS" title="Module:Citation/CS1/COinS">Module:Citation/CS1/COinS</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/COinS&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/COinS">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration">Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation">Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities">Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css" title="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css">Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Convert" title="Module:Convert">Module:Convert</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Convert&action=edit" title="Module:Convert">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Convert/data" title="Module:Convert/data">Module:Convert/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Convert/data&action=edit" title="Module:Convert/data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Convert/text" title="Module:Convert/text">Module:Convert/text</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Convert/text&action=edit" title="Module:Convert/text">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ConvertNumeric" title="Module:ConvertNumeric">Module:ConvertNumeric</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ConvertNumeric&action=edit" title="Module:ConvertNumeric">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Country2nationality" title="Module:Country2nationality">Module:Country2nationality</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Country2nationality&action=edit" title="Module:Country2nationality">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Date" title="Module:Date">Module:Date</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Date&action=edit" title="Module:Date">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Delink" title="Module:Delink">Module:Delink</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Delink&action=edit" title="Module:Delink">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Detect_singular" title="Module:Detect singular">Module:Detect singular</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Detect_singular&action=edit" title="Module:Detect singular">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Disambiguation/templates" title="Module:Disambiguation/templates">Module:Disambiguation/templates</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Disambiguation/templates&action=edit" title="Module:Disambiguation/templates">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:EditAtWikidata" title="Module:EditAtWikidata">Module:EditAtWikidata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:EditAtWikidata&action=edit" title="Module:EditAtWikidata">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:File_link" title="Module:File link">Module:File link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:File_link&action=edit" title="Module:File link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Find_country" title="Module:Find country">Module:Find country</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Find_country&action=edit" title="Module:Find country">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote" title="Module:Hatnote">Module:Hatnote</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote/styles.css" title="Module:Hatnote/styles.css">Module:Hatnote/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ISO_3166" title="Module:ISO 3166">Module:ISO 3166</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ISO_3166&action=edit" title="Module:ISO 3166">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ISO_3166/data/National" title="Module:ISO 3166/data/National">Module:ISO 3166/data/National</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ISO_3166/data/National&action=edit" title="Module:ISO 3166/data/National">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Infobox" title="Module:Infobox">Module:Infobox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Infobox&action=edit" title="Module:Infobox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Infobox/styles.css" title="Module:Infobox/styles.css">Module:Infobox/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Infobox/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Infobox/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:InfoboxImage" title="Module:InfoboxImage">Module:InfoboxImage</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:InfoboxImage&action=edit" title="Module:InfoboxImage">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Iso2nationality" title="Module:Iso2nationality">Module:Iso2nationality</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Iso2nationality&action=edit" title="Module:Iso2nationality">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:List" title="Module:List">Module:List</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:List&action=edit" title="Module:List">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Listen" title="Module:Listen">Module:Listen</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Listen&action=edit" title="Module:Listen">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Listen/styles.css" title="Module:Listen/styles.css">Module:Listen/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Listen/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Listen/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Military_navigation" title="Module:Military navigation">Module:Military navigation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Military_navigation&action=edit" title="Module:Military navigation">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:MultiReplace" title="Module:MultiReplace">Module:MultiReplace</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:MultiReplace&action=edit" title="Module:MultiReplace">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Namespace_detect/config" title="Module:Namespace detect/config">Module:Namespace detect/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Namespace_detect/config&action=edit" title="Module:Namespace detect/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Namespace_detect/data" title="Module:Namespace detect/data">Module:Namespace detect/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Namespace_detect/data&action=edit" title="Module:Namespace detect/data">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar" title="Module:Navbar">Module:Navbar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar/configuration" title="Module:Navbar/configuration">Module:Navbar/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar/configuration">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar/styles.css" title="Module:Navbar/styles.css">Module:Navbar/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox" title="Module:Navbox">Module:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox/configuration" title="Module:Navbox/configuration">Module:Navbox/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox/configuration">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox/styles.css" title="Module:Navbox/styles.css">Module:Navbox/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Ns_has_subpages" title="Module:Ns has subpages">Module:Ns has subpages</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Ns_has_subpages&action=edit" title="Module:Ns has subpages">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Ordinal" title="Module:Ordinal">Module:Ordinal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Ordinal&action=edit" title="Module:Ordinal">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype" title="Module:Pagetype">Module:Pagetype</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/config" title="Module:Pagetype/config">Module:Pagetype/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/config&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/disambiguation" class="mw-redirect" title="Module:Pagetype/disambiguation">Module:Pagetype/disambiguation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/disambiguation&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Module:Pagetype/disambiguation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/rfd" title="Module:Pagetype/rfd">Module:Pagetype/rfd</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/rfd&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/rfd">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/setindex" title="Module:Pagetype/setindex">Module:Pagetype/setindex</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/setindex&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/setindex">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/softredirect" title="Module:Pagetype/softredirect">Module:Pagetype/softredirect</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/softredirect&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/softredirect">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ParameterCount" title="Module:ParameterCount">Module:ParameterCount</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ParameterCount&action=edit" title="Module:ParameterCount">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Plain_text" title="Module:Plain text">Module:Plain text</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Plain_text&action=edit" title="Module:Plain text">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Political_party" title="Module:Political party">Module:Political party</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Political_party&action=edit" title="Module:Political party">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Political_party/C" title="Module:Political party/C">Module:Political party/C</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Political_party/C&action=edit" title="Module:Political party/C">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Political_party/F" title="Module:Political party/F">Module:Political party/F</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Political_party/F&action=edit" title="Module:Political party/F">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Political_party/I" title="Module:Political party/I">Module:Political party/I</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Political_party/I&action=edit" title="Module:Political party/I">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Political_party/R" title="Module:Political party/R">Module:Political party/R</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Political_party/R&action=edit" title="Module:Political party/R">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Political_party/S" title="Module:Political party/S">Module:Political party/S</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Political_party/S&action=edit" title="Module:Political party/S">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:SDcat" title="Module:SDcat">Module:SDcat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:SDcat&action=edit" title="Module:SDcat">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Separated_entries" title="Module:Separated entries">Module:Separated entries</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Separated_entries&action=edit" title="Module:Separated entries">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Side_box" title="Module:Side box">Module:Side box</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Side_box&action=edit" title="Module:Side box">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Side_box/styles.css" title="Module:Side box/styles.css">Module:Side box/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Side_box/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Side box/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:String" title="Module:String">Module:String</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:String&action=edit" title="Module:String">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:TableTools" title="Module:TableTools">Module:TableTools</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:TableTools&action=edit" title="Module:TableTools">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Text" title="Module:Text">Module:Text</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Text&action=edit" title="Module:Text">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Unsubst" title="Module:Unsubst">Module:Unsubst</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Unsubst&action=edit" title="Module:Unsubst">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:WPMILHIST_Infobox_style" title="Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style">Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:WPMILHIST_Infobox_style&action=edit" title="Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Wd" title="Module:Wd">Module:Wd</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Wd&action=edit" title="Module:Wd">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Wd/i18n" title="Module:Wd/i18n">Module:Wd/i18n</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Wd/i18n&action=edit" title="Module:Wd/i18n">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Webarchive" title="Module:Webarchive">Module:Webarchive</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Webarchive&action=edit" title="Module:Webarchive">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Webarchive/data" title="Module:Webarchive/data">Module:Webarchive/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Webarchive/data&action=edit" title="Module:Webarchive/data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Wikitext_Parsing" title="Module:Wikitext Parsing">Module:Wikitext Parsing</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikitext_Parsing&action=edit" title="Module:Wikitext Parsing">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Yesno" title="Module:Yesno">Module:Yesno</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Yesno&action=edit" title="Module:Yesno">view source</a>) (protected)</li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="Eoin O'Duffy">Eoin O'Duffy</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eoin_O%27Duffy&action=edit&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >View source for Eoin O'Duffy</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>Add languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-69bdbbc57c-7zwpl","wgBackendResponseTime":509,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.081","walltime":"0.104","ppvisitednodes":{"value":417,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":17286,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6329,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":469,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 76.572 1 -total"," 99.84% 76.447 2 Template:Blocked_text"," 43.34% 33.184 1 Template:Colocationwebhost"," 39.74% 30.433 1 Template:Hidden"," 38.24% 29.279 2 Template:Replace"," 17.04% 13.051 1 Template:Hidden_begin"," 15.65% 11.981 1 Template:Tlx"," 3.45% 2.642 1 Template:Hidden_end"," 2.03% 1.558 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake"," 1.53% 1.168 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.016","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1058815,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-69bdbbc57c-7zwpl","timestamp":"20250303160021","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>