Sessions | World鈥檚 Leading Optometry Conferences | Optometry Conferences | Ophthalmology Meetings

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top: 130px;display:none;"> <div style="padding-bottom: 10px;"> <p>GET THE APP</p> </div> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.applications.longdomconferences" target="_blank" id=""> <div class="a_icon_android"> <span><i class="fa fa-android" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </div> </a>   </div> <style> #app_disp_styles { color: white; font: 15px arial; font-weight: 500; padding: 5px 6px; margin: 10px; width: 124px; background: #0b0988; z-index: 101; border-radius: 6px; left: 0; border: 5px solid #fff; border-style: outset; } .a_icon_android { background: #00b4ff; text-align: center; display: inline-block; padding: 6px 5px; border-radius: 5px; margin-left: 32px; } #target a { text-decoration: none; margin: 0 3px; } .a_icon_android span .fa { font-size: 30px; color: #fff; } .a_icon_apple { background: #f6941d; } </style> <div class="inner-page-banner-area sessions-banner"> <div class="container"> <div class="pagination-area"> <h1>Sessions</h1> <div class="backrow cnt-head" style="color: #fff;"> <span class="con-location"> Nov 28-29, 2024  </span> <span class="con-location"> Dubai, UAE</span> </div> <i><span class="edition-title cnt-head">International Conference on </span></i> <h1 class="main_title1 cnt-head">Optometry and Vision Science</h1> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.longdom.com/vision">Home</a> -</li> <li>Sessions</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="about-event-area2 bg-color-balck"> <div class="container"> <div class="accordion-option"> <h3 class="title">Sessions</h3> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="toggle-accordion" accordion-id="#accordion"></a> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="accodion-container"> <div class="col-xs-12 padding-0"> <div class="sessions panel-group panel-box" id="accordion" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading1"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Ophthalmology and Vision Science </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse1" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading1"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Ophthalmology and Vision Science</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Ophthalmology and Vision Science is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses the study of the eyes, visual system, and associated diseases and disorders. It involves a broad range of disciplines, including medicine, optics, biology, neuroscience, and engineering. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Ophthalmology</strong>: Ophthalmology is the medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of eye diseases and disorders. Ophthalmologists are medical doctors who specialize in eye care, performing eye exams, prescribing corrective lenses, diagnosing and treating eye conditions, and performing surgeries such as cataract surgery, LASIK, and retinal detachment repair.</span></span></span><br /> <span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Vision Science</strong>: Vision science is the interdisciplinary study of the visual system, encompassing areas such as visual perception, ocular anatomy and physiology, optics, neurobiology, and psychophysics. Vision scientists conduct research to better understand how the eyes and brain process visual information, develop new diagnostic tools and treatments for eye diseases, and investigate factors that influence visual perception and performance.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Ocular Diseases and Disorders</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Refractive Errors</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Neuro-Ophthalmology</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Pediatric Ophthalmology</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Optical and Imaging Technologies</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Public Health and Preventive Ophthalmology</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading2"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse2" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Regenerative Ophthalmology </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse2" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading2"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Regenerative Ophthalmology</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Regenerative ophthalmology is an evolving field within ophthalmology that focuses on restoring vision and repairing damaged tissues in the eye through regenerative medicine approaches. Regenerative medicine harnesses the body's own repair mechanisms or utilizes exogenous materials to restore function to damaged tissues or organs. In the context of ophthalmology, regenerative approaches aim to treat a variety of eye conditions and diseases, including those that affect the cornea, retina, optic nerve, and other ocular structures. Regenerative ophthalmology represents a rapidly evolving field with the potential to revolutionize the treatment of blinding eye diseases and restore vision in patients who were previously considered untreatable. Continued research, collaboration, and innovation are essential for advancing regenerative therapies and bringing them to the forefront of clinical practice.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Stem Cell Therapy</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Retinal Regeneration</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Corneal Regeneration</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Optic Nerve Regeneration</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Gene Therapy</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Bioengineering and Biomaterials</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading3"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse3" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Low Vision and Rehabilitation </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse3" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading3"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Low Vision and Rehabilitation</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Low vision and rehabilitation focus on helping individuals with significant vision impairment maximize their remaining vision and maintain independence in daily activities. Low vision refers to vision loss that cannot be fully corrected with glasses, contact lenses, medication, or surgery. Low vision rehabilitation encompasses a range of services and interventions aimed at optimizing visual function, enhancing quality of life, and promoting independence for individuals with low vision.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Nanotechnology in Regenerative Ophthalmology</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">CRISPR-Cas Technology</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Biomaterials, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Novel Tools Used in Regenerative Ophthalmology</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading4"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse4" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Ophthalmogenetics and Gene Therapy </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse4" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading4"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Ophthalmogenetics and Gene Therapy </b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Ophthalmogenetics is a specialized field that focuses on the genetic factors underlying eye diseases and conditions. It involves the study of how genetic variations contribute to the development, progression, and inheritance patterns of various ocular disorders. By understanding the genetic basis of eye diseases, ophthalmogeneticists aim to improve diagnostic accuracy, develop targeted therapies, and provide personalized treatment approaches for patients. </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">One of the most promising applications of ophthalmogenetics is in the field of gene therapy. Gene therapy holds tremendous potential for treating a wide range of inherited and acquired eye disorders by addressing the underlying genetic defects. The basic premise of gene therapy is to introduce functional copies of genes into affected cells to restore normal gene expression and cellular function.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Gene Therapy</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Genomics</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Genotype-Phenotype Correlation</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Gene Mutation</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Inherited Retinal Disease</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Ophthalmic Genetics</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Retinal Imaging</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading5"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse5" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Ocular Oncology and Eye Tumours </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse5" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading5"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Ocular Oncology and Eye Tumours</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Ocular oncology is a specialized branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and management of eye tumors, known as eye tumors or ocular tumors. These tumors can develop in various structures of the eye, including the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, and optic nerve. Eye tumors can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant tumors have the potential to spread to other parts of the body, while benign tumors typically remain localized. Some common types of eye tumors include retinoblastoma, melanoma, lymphoma, and various types of carcinoma.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Biomarkers and Early Detection of Cancers</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Adjuvant Therapies</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Improved Visual Outcomes After Ocular Melanoma Treatment</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Types of Ocular Tumors</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Challenges of Ocular Oncology</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading6"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse6" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Keratoprosthetics </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse6" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading6"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Keratoprosthetics</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Keratoprosthetics, also known as artificial corneas or keratoprostheses, are medical devices designed to replace damaged or diseased corneas in individuals with corneal blindness. The cornea is the transparent, dome-shaped outer layer of the eye that plays a critical role in focusing light onto the retina, enabling clear vision. Conditions such as corneal scarring, infections, dystrophies, and trauma can result in corneal opacities or irregularities, leading to visual impairment or blindness. Keratoprostheses serve as substitutes for the natural cornea, restoring the corneal anatomy and improving visual function. These devices are typically made of biocompatible materials such as polymers or metals and are engineered to mimic the optical properties of the cornea while promoting tissue integration and stability within the eye.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Global Scenario of Keratoprosthetics</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Research on Keratoprosthetics</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading7"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse7" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Eye Surgeries </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse7" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading7"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Eye Surgeries</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Eye surgery, also known as ocular surgery, involves surgical procedures performed on the eye or its surrounding structures by an ophthalmologist. Given the eye's delicate nature, special care is essential before, during, and after surgery to minimize the risk of injury. A skilled eye surgeon assesses the patient's condition to determine the most suitable surgical approach and ensures that all necessary safety measures are in place. Eye surgery can address a variety of disorders, including glaucoma, cataracts, detached retinas, retinal tears, diabetic retinopathy, and refractive errors such as nearsightedness or farsightedness. Each procedure is tailored to the specific needs of the patient, with the goal of improving vision and preserving ocular health.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Vitreoretinal Surgery</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Oculoplastic Surgery</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Lasik Surgery</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Cataract Surgery</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Refractive Surgery</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Reconstructive Surgery</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading8"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse8" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Ocular Immunology and Microbiology </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse8" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading8"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Ocular Immunology and Microbiology</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Understanding immunology, particularly the ocular immune response, allows doctors to offer a broader range of care. Ocular Immunologists, who are ophthalmologists with advanced training in Ocular Immunology, possess specialized skills in diagnosing and treating eye conditions stemming from immune system dysregulation. They handle all inflammatory eye disorders, systemic autoimmune diseases, and systemic immunomodulatory therapy, drawing on their expertise and training.</span></span></span><br /> <span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">The human eye, constantly exposed to the environment, encounters various microorganisms, both pathogenic and non-pathogenic. Microbes naturally inhabit different layers of the eye. Infections affecting the outer structures of the eye are among the most common eye diseases. Despite the eye's inherent resistance to germs, infections can occur due to factors such as trauma, surgery, or systemic illnesses.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Uveitis</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Immunomodulatory Therapy (IMT)</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Autoimmune Ocular Disease and Allergy</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Retina Immunobiology</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Eye Microbiota</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Antibiotic Susceptibility</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading9"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse9" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Optometry, Ophthalmoscopy & Ophthalmic Pathology </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse9" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading9"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Optometry, Ophthalmoscopy & Ophthalmic Pathology</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Optometry</strong> is a healthcare profession focused on assessing the eyes and related visual systems to detect defects or abnormalities. Optometrists, who are eye doctors specializing in primary eye care, prescribe glasses or contact lenses to correct refractive errors and provide treatment for various eye disorders.</span></span></span><br /> <span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Ophthalmoscopy</strong>, also known as funduscopy, is a procedure used to examine the retina, optic disc, choroid, and blood vessels at the back of the eye (fundus). It plays a crucial role in both routine physical examinations and comprehensive eye assessments, helping to assess the health of the retina, optic disc, and vitreous humor.</span></span></span><br /> <span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Ophthalmic pathology</strong> is a laboratory-based discipline that involves examining samples obtained from patients to provide diagnostic insights to ophthalmologists and other healthcare professionals. Ophthalmic pathologists analyze tissues collected by ophthalmologists to deliver accurate diagnoses. Through examination under a microscope and other laboratory techniques, they scrutinize the tissue to identify any abnormalities or pathological changes.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Ocular Diseases</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Glasses and Contact Lens</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Blue Light</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Dilated Fundus Examination</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Fundus Photography</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading10"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse10" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse10" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading10"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Pediatric ophthalmology </strong>is an intriguing specialty, albeit challenging due to the complexities of examining young patients. While all ophthalmologists possess some level of training in pediatric eye conditions, pediatric ophthalmologists offer advanced expertise and experience in diagnosing and treating common pediatric eye issues. These specialists focus on inspecting, diagnosing, and managing eye problems in neonates, children, and adolescents, serving as both surgical and medical experts who perform eye surgeries specifically tailored for children.</span></span></span><br /> <span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Strabismus</strong>, characterized by misalignment of the eyes, is a common condition where both eyes fail to point in the same direction simultaneously. "Crossed eyes" represent a prevalent form of strabismus, which can manifest intermittently or persistently. Prolonged presence of strabismus during childhood can lead to amblyopia (lazy eye) and compromised depth perception.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Congenital Eye Disorders</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Eye Alignment Disorders</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Eye Problems in Children</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Diagnosing and Treating Eye Disorders</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading11"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse11" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Eye Allergies, Eye Herpes and Eye Floaters </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse11" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading11"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Eye Allergies, Eye Herpes and Eye Floaters</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Allergic conjunctivitis</strong>, commonly referred to as eye allergies, is a widespread condition where the eyes become irritated by allergens, triggering the production of histamine. This chemical reaction leads to redness, puffiness, and itching of the eyes and conjunctiva.</span></span></span><br /> <span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Herpes simplex virus (HSV)</strong> is a common viral infection that can cause cold sores and, in some cases, eye sores. When HSV affects the eyes, it is referred to as eye herpes, ocular herpes, or herpetic eye disease. Eye herpes can have serious consequences, potentially compromising vision and affecting deeper layers of the eyes.</span></span></span><br /> <span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Eye floaters</strong> are spots, weblike lines, or rings that appear to move through one's field of vision. These floaters may resemble black or grey particles drifting when the eyes are moved or focused on directly. Despite their appearance in front of the eyes, eye floaters are actually within the eye itself.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Symptoms and Cause of Eye Allergy</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) And Its Types</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Conditions That Trigger Eye Floaters</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading12"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse12" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Eye Lens, Refractive Errors and Management </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse12" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading12"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Eye Lens, Refractive Errors and Management</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">The lens, located within the pupil of the eye, plays a crucial role in vision by adjusting its shape to change the eye's focus distance. Essentially, it refracts light rays passing through it onto the retina, producing clear images of objects at various distances. Refractive errors, a common visual issue, arise when the eye's shape prevents light from properly focusing on the retina, leading to difficulty in seeing clearly. Corrective measures such as glasses, contact lenses, or surgery can address refractive errors, which affect a significant number of individuals, with over 150 million Americans experiencing such issues, often unaware that their vision could be improved.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Corrective Lenses for Refractive Error</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Refractive Error Diagnosis and Management</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Types of Eye Surgery for Refractive Errors</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading13"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse13" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Retina and Retinal Detachment </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse13" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading13"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Retina and Retinal Detachment</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">The retina, a delicate membrane lining the inner surface of the eyeball's back, consists of multiple layers, including specialized cells called photoreceptors. When light passes through the eyes, the lens focuses an image onto the retina. Retinal detachment occurs when the retina lifts away from the back of the eye, impairing its function and causing vision to become blurry. This condition poses a significant threat to vision, and prompt evaluation by an ophthalmologist is essential to prevent vision loss. While retinal detachment typically doesn't cause pain, there are often warning signs preceding the detachment that warrant immediate attention.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Retinal Detachment Symptoms</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Retinal tear</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Retinal Detachment Causes and Types</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Retinal Detachment Risk Factors</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Retinal Detachment Prevention</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Nystagmus</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading14"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse14" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Ocular Hypertension, Ocular Migraine and Peripheral Vision Loss </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse14" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading14"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Ocular Hypertension, Ocular Migraine and Peripheral Vision Loss</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Ocular hypertension</strong> refers to elevated internal pressure within the eye, surpassing normal levels. While individuals of all ages can develop this condition, it is more commonly observed in African Americans, individuals over 40 years old, and those with a family history of ocular hypertension or glaucoma. Additionally, individuals with diabetes or severe nearsightedness are at an increased risk.</span></span></span><br /> <span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Ocular migraine</strong> encompasses a variety of migraine subtypes characterized by visual disturbances such as visual loss, blind spots, zig-zag lines, or seeing stars. Unlike other forms of migraine, ocular migraines can occur without accompanying head pain.</span></span></span><br /> <span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Peripheral vision</strong>, also known as side vision, enables individuals to perceive objects surrounding them without needing to move their eyes or turn their head. This visual field also assists in detecting motion and navigating one's environment safely.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Intraocular Pressure</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Retinal Migraine</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Understanding & Treating Ocular Migraine</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Ocular Migraine Triggers</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading15"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse15" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Cornea and External Diseases </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse15" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading15"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Cornea and External Diseases</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">The cornea, a transparent structure covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber, forms the front portion of the eye. Together with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, contributing to approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. The cornea contains unmyelinated nerve endings that are sensitive to touch, temperature, and chemicals, triggering an automatic eyelid response upon stimulation. Due to the critical need for transparency, the healthy cornea lacks blood vessels. Corneal and external diseases affect the outer layer of the eye. Common ocular surface diseases include dry eye, corneal infections, blepharitis, allergies, conjunctivitis, and corneal dystrophies, all of which may result in corneal clouding.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Corneal Allotransplantation</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Corneal Dystrophies</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Blepharitis</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Allergic Disease</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Trachoma</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Corneal Trauma</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading16"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse16" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Uveitis Scleritis & Intraocular Inflammation </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse16" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading16"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Uveitis Scleritis & Intraocular Inflammation</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Uveitis</strong>, characterized by inflammation of the central layer of the eyeball, manifests as redness and swelling. The uvea, a layer rich in blood vessels supplying the eye, is primarily affected. If left untreated, uveitis can lead to irreversible vision loss due to damage to vital eye tissues.</span></span></span><br /> <span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>The sclera</strong>, serving as the eye's protective outer covering and contributing to its white appearance, is intricately connected to the muscles responsible for eye movement. Covering approximately 83 percent of the eye's surface, the sclera can become inflamed and red in a condition known as scleritis, which often causes significant discomfort.</span></span></span><br /> <span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Intraocular inflammation</strong>, also known as uveitis, encompasses various viral and immune-mediated conditions. It can manifest in two forms: acute and chronic.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Immunology and Eye Diseases</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Inflammation Related Eye Disorders</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Treatment and Preventive Measures</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Scleritis-Associated Uveitis</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading17"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse17" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Vision and Eye movement </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse17" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading17"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Vision and Eye movement</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Eye movements represent a measurable characteristic offering insights into cognitive and visual processing. The four primary types of eye movements are saccades, smooth pursuit movements, vergence movements, and vestibulo-ocular movements. While the study of eye movements has a long history, it's only in recent decades that their quantification has yielded significant understanding of psychological processes like reading, visual search, and scene perception. During tasks such as reading or scanning a visual display for a target, our eyes move approximately every 200-350 milliseconds. These movements serve to direct the fovea, the high-resolution region of the retina covering 2 degrees at the center of the visual field, to points of interest for more detailed processing.</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Fixations</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Eye Movements in Visual Cognition</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Foveal Vision</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Scene Perception</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Eye Movements and Visual Search</span></span></span></li> </ul> </p> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading18"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapse18" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> Primary and Secondary Eye Care </a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapse18" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="heading18"> <div class="panel-body"> <p><b>Primary and Secondary Eye Care</b></br><p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Primary eye care (PEC) is an encompassing term that refers to utilizing primary health care services to prevent potentially sight-threatening eye conditions (PHC). PEC involves identifying individuals with treatable causes of blindness and providing diagnosis and treatment for common eye conditions, particularly those leading to acute redness in the eye. It serves as a vital component in preventing blindness across all communities and regions globally. Without access to basic eye care, individuals are likely to only seek diagnosis and treatment at secondary and tertiary facilities, hindering prevention efforts. Acute care addresses urgent treatment needs for short-term, serious eye illnesses, injuries, or health issues. 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