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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1"/><title>Strong's Greek: 2840. κοινόω (koinoó) -- To make common, to defile, to consider unclean</title></title><link rel="canonical" href="http://biblehub.com/greek/2840.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/strongsnew2.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-LR4HSKRP2H"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-LR4HSKRP2H'); </script><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/interlinear/vmenus/matthew/1-1.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmstrongs/greek/2840.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's</a> > <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Greek</a> > 2840</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="../greek/2839.htm" title="2839">◄</a> 2840. koinoó <a href="../greek/2841.htm" title="2841">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheading">Strong's Lexicon</div><div align="left"><span class="toptitle2">koinoó: To make common, to defile, to consider unclean</span></div><p><span class="tophdg">Original Word: </span><span class="greek">κοινόω</span><br><span class="tophdg">Part of Speech: </span>Verb<br><span class="tophdg">Transliteration: </span>koinoó<br><span class="tophdg">Pronunciation: </span>koy-noh'-o<br><span class="tophdg">Phonetic Spelling: </span>(koy-no'-o)<br><span class="tophdg">Definition: </span>To make common, to defile, to consider unclean<br><span class="tophdg">Meaning: </span>I make unclean, pollute, desecrate, mid: I regard (treat) as unclean.<p><span class="tophdg">Word Origin: </span>From the Greek word κοινός (koinos), meaning "common" or "unclean."<p><span class="tophdg">Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: </span> - <b>טָמֵא (tamei):</b> Often translated as "unclean," this Hebrew word is used in the Old Testament to describe ceremonial impurity.<p> - <b>חָלַל (chalal):</b> Meaning "to profane" or "to defile," this word is used in contexts of desecrating something holy.<p><span class="tophdg">Usage: </span>The verb "koinoó" primarily means to make something common or unclean, often in a ceremonial or moral sense. In the New Testament, it is used to describe the act of defiling or rendering something impure, particularly in the context of Jewish ceremonial laws. It can also refer to the act of considering something or someone as unclean or profane.<p><span class="tophdg">Cultural and Historical Background: </span>In Jewish culture, the concept of purity and impurity was central to religious life. The Law of Moses outlined various regulations regarding clean and unclean foods, objects, and practices. To "koinoó" something was to render it unfit for sacred use, often requiring purification rituals. This concept was significant in the early Christian church as it navigated the transition from Jewish ceremonial laws to the new covenant in Christ, where the focus shifted from external rituals to internal purity of heart.<div class="vheading2">HELPS Word-studies</div><p class="discovery"><b>Cognate: 2840</b> <i>koinóō</i> – <i>ceremonially</i> defile, by treating what is sacred as common or ordinary (i.e. "not special"). <a href="/greek/2839.htm">See 2839</a> (<i>koinos</i>).</p><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/discovery.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">NAS Exhaustive Concordance</div><span class="hdg">Word Origin</span><br>from <a href="/greek/2839.htm">koinos</a><br><span class="hdg">Definition</span><br>to make common<br><span class="hdg">NASB Translation</span><br>consider (2), defile (7), defiled (2), defiles (3).<p><div align="center"><span class="smalltext"><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/nasec.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe></span></div><div class="vheading2">Thayer's Greek Lexicon</div><span class="maintitle">STRONGS NT 2840: κοινόω</span><br><br><span class="arttitle"><span class="grktitle">κοινόω</span></span>, <span class="greek2">κοινῷ</span>; 1 aorist infinitive <span class="greek2">κοινῶσαι</span> (cf. <span class="abbreviation">Winer</span>'s Grammar, 91 (86)); perfect <span class="greek2">κεκοίνωκα</span>; perfect passive participle <span class="greek2">κεκοινωμενος</span>; (<span class="greek2">κοινός</span>); <p><span class="textheading">1.</span> in classical Greek <span class="accented">to make common</span>. <p><span class="textheading">2.</span> in Biblical use (see <span class="greek2"><span class="lexref">κοινός</span></span>, 2), a. <span class="accented">to make (levitically) unclean, render unhallowed, defile, profane</span> (which the Greeks express by <span class="greek2">βεβηλόω</span>, cf. <span class="abbreviation">Winer</span>'s De verb. comp. etc. Part ii., p. 24 note 33 (where he calls attention to Luke's accuracy in putting <span class="greek2">κοινοῦν</span> into the mouth of Jews speaking to Jews (<a href="/interlinear/acts/21-28.htm">Acts 21:28</a>) and <span class="greek2">βεβηλοῦν</span> when they address Felix (xxiv. 6))): <a href="/interlinear/revelation/21-27.htm">Revelation 21:27</a> <span class="manuref">Rec.</span>; <a href="/interlinear/matthew/15-11.htm">Matthew 15:11, 18, 20</a>; <a href="/interlinear/mark/7-15.htm">Mark 7:15, 18, 20, 23</a>; passive <a href="/interlinear/hebrews/9-13.htm">Hebrews 9:13</a>; <span class="greek2">τί</span>, <a href="/interlinear/acts/21-28.htm">Acts 21:28</a>; <span class="greek2">γαστέρα</span> <span class="greek2">μαροφαγια</span>, 4 Macc. 7:6. <p><span class="emphasized">b.</span> <span class="accented">to declare or count unclean</span>: <a href="/interlinear/acts/10-15.htm">Acts 10:15</a> (cf. <BIBLE/VERSE_ONLY:Acts 10:28>); <BIBLE/CHAPTER_VERSE:Acts 11:9>; see <span class="greek2"><span class="lexref">δικαιόω</span></span>, 3.<FOOTNOTE:1> <br><br><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/bsoft.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">Strong's Exhaustive Concordance</div>call common, defile, pollute <p>From <a href="/greek/2839.htm">koinos</a>; to make (or consider) profane (ceremonially) -- call common, defile, pollute, unclean. <p>see GREEK <a href="/greek/2839.htm">koinos</a> <div class="vheading2">Forms and Transliterations</div>κεκοίνωκε κεκοινωκεν κεκοίνωκεν κεκοινωμενους κεκοινωμένους κοινοι κοινοί κοινοῖ κοινου κοίνου κοινουντα κοινούντα κοινοῦντα κοινωσαι κοινῶσαι kekoinoken kekoinōken kekoínoken kekoínōken kekoinomenous kekoinoménous kekoinōmenous kekoinōménous koinoi koinoî koinosai koinôsai koinōsai koinō̂sai koinou koínou koinounta koinoûnta<div class="vheading2">Links</div><a href="/interlinear/matthew/1-1.htm">Interlinear Greek</a> • <a href="/interlinear/genesis/1-1.htm">Interlinear Hebrew</a> • <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's Numbers</a> • <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Englishman's Greek Concordance</a> • <a href="/englishmans_hebrew.htm">Englishman's Hebrew Concordance</a> • <a href="/texts/matthew/1-1.htm">Parallel Texts</a></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><div class="vheading">Englishman's Concordance</div><b><a href="/text/matthew/15-11.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Matthew 15:11</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-PIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/15.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">τὸ στόμα <b>κοινοῖ</b> τὸν ἄνθρωπον</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/matthew/15.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> into the mouth <span class="itali">[that] defiles</span> the man,<br><a href="/kjvs/matthew/15.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> into the mouth <span class="itali">defileth</span> a man; but<br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/15-11.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> the mouth <span class="itali">defiles</span> the man<p><b><a href="/text/matthew/15-11.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Matthew 15:11</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-PIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/15.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">στόματος τοῦτο <b>κοινοῖ</b> τὸν ἄνθρωπον</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/matthew/15.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> this <span class="itali">defiles</span> the man.<br><a href="/kjvs/matthew/15.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> the mouth, this <span class="itali">defileth</span> a man.<br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/15-11.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> mouth this <span class="itali">defiles</span> the man<p><b><a href="/text/matthew/15-18.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Matthew 15:18</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-PIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/15.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐξέρχεται κἀκεῖνα <b>κοινοῖ</b> τὸν ἄνθρωπον</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/matthew/15.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> and those <span class="itali">defile</span> the man.<br><a href="/kjvs/matthew/15.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> the heart; and they <span class="itali">defile</span> the man.<br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/15-18.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> come forth and these <span class="itali">defile</span> the man<p><b><a href="/text/matthew/15-20.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Matthew 15:20</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Neuter Plural">V-PPA-NNP</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/15.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐστιν τὰ <b>κοινοῦντα</b> τὸν ἄνθρωπον</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/matthew/15.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> These <span class="itali">are the things which defile</span> the man;<br><a href="/kjvs/matthew/15.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> [the things] which <span class="itali">defile</span> a man:<br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/15-20.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> are they which <span class="itali">defile</span> the man<p><b><a href="/text/matthew/15-20.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Matthew 15:20</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-PIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/15.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">φαγεῖν οὐ <b>κοινοῖ</b> τὸν ἄνθρωπον</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/matthew/15.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> hands <span class="itali">does not defile</span> the man.<br><a href="/kjvs/matthew/15.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> hands <span class="itali">defileth</span> not<br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/15-20.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> eating not <span class="itali">defiles</span> the man<p><b><a href="/text/mark/7-15.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Mark 7:15</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Infinitive Active">V-ANA</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/mark/7.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ὃ δύναται <b>κοινῶσαι</b> αὐτόν ἀλλὰ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/mark/7.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> which can <span class="itali">defile</span> him if it goes<br><a href="/kjvs/mark/7.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> him can <span class="itali">defile</span> him: but<br><a href="/interlinear/mark/7-15.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> which is able <span class="itali">to defile</span> him but<p><b><a href="/text/mark/7-15.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Mark 7:15</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Neuter Plural">V-PPA-NNP</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/mark/7.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐστιν τὰ <b>κοινοῦντα</b> τὸν ἄνθρωπον</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/mark/7.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> out of the man <span class="itali">are what defile</span> the man.<br><a href="/kjvs/mark/7.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> those are they <span class="itali">that defile</span> the man.<br><a href="/interlinear/mark/7-15.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> are the things which <span class="itali">defile</span> the man<p><b><a href="/text/mark/7-18.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Mark 7:18</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Infinitive Active">V-ANA</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/mark/7.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">δύναται αὐτὸν <b>κοινῶσαι</b> </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/mark/7.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> from outside cannot <span class="itali">defile</span> him,<br><a href="/kjvs/mark/7.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> the man, [it] cannot <span class="itali">defile</span> him;<br><a href="/interlinear/mark/7-18.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> is able him <span class="itali">to defile</span><p><b><a href="/text/mark/7-20.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Mark 7:20</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-PIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/mark/7.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐκπορευόμενον ἐκεῖνο <b>κοινοῖ</b> τὸν ἄνθρωπον</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/mark/7.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> out of the man, <span class="itali">that is what defiles</span> the man.<br><a href="/kjvs/mark/7.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> the man, that <span class="itali">defileth</span> the man.<br><a href="/interlinear/mark/7-20.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> goes forth that <span class="itali">defiles</span> the man<p><b><a href="/text/mark/7-23.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Mark 7:23</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-PIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/mark/7.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐκπορεύεται καὶ <b>κοινοῖ</b> τὸν ἄνθρωπον</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/mark/7.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> from within <span class="itali">and defile</span> the man.<br><a href="/kjvs/mark/7.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> from within, and <span class="itali">defile</span> the man.<br><a href="/interlinear/mark/7-23.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> go forth and <span class="itali">defile</span> the man<p><b><a href="/text/acts/10-15.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Acts 10:15</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Imperative Active - 2nd Person Singular">V-PMA-2S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/acts/10.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">σὺ μὴ <b>κοίνου</b> </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/acts/10.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> no <span class="itali">[longer] consider</span> unholy.<br><a href="/kjvs/acts/10.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> not thou <span class="itali">common.</span><br><a href="/interlinear/acts/10-15.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> you not <span class="itali">call unholy</span><p><b><a href="/text/acts/11-9.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Acts 11:9</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Imperative Active - 2nd Person Singular">V-PMA-2S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/acts/11.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">σὺ μὴ <b>κοίνου</b> </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/acts/11.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> no <span class="itali">longer consider</span> unholy.'<br><a href="/kjvs/acts/11.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> not thou <span class="itali">common.</span><br><a href="/interlinear/acts/11-9.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> you not <span class="itali">call unholy</span><p><b><a href="/text/acts/21-28.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Acts 21:28</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-RIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/acts/21.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἱερὸν καὶ <b>κεκοίνωκεν</b> τὸν ἅγιον</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/acts/21.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> into the temple <span class="itali">and has defiled</span> this<br><a href="/kjvs/acts/21.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> and <span class="itali">hath polluted</span> this<br><a href="/interlinear/acts/21-28.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> temple and <span class="itali">defiled</span> the holy<p><b><a href="/text/hebrews/9-13.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Hebrews 9:13</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Perfect Participle Middle or Passive - Accusative Masculine Plural">V-RPM/P-AMP</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/hebrews/9.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ῥαντίζουσα τοὺς <b>κεκοινωμένους</b> ἁγιάζει πρὸς</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/hebrews/9.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> those <span class="itali">who have been defiled</span> sanctify<br><a href="/kjvs/hebrews/9.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> sprinkling <span class="itali">the unclean,</span> sanctifieth<br><a href="/interlinear/hebrews/9-13.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> sprinkling the <span class="itali">defiled</span> sanctifies for<p><b><a href="/greek/2840.htm">Strong's Greek 2840</a><br><a href="/greek/strongs_2840.htm">14 Occurrences</a></b><br><br><a href="/greek/kekoino_ken_2840.htm">κεκοίνωκεν — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/kekoino_menous_2840.htm">κεκοινωμένους — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/koino_sai_2840.htm">κοινῶσαι — 2 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/koinoi_2840.htm">κοινοῖ — 6 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/koinou_2840.htm">κοίνου — 2 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/koinounta_2840.htm">κοινοῦντα — 2 Occ.</a><br><br></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script><br /><br /> </div> <div id="left"><a href="/greek/2839.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="2839"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="2839" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/greek/2841.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="2841"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="2841" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhchap.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>