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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Exodus 1:11 So the Egyptians appointed taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. As a result, they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/exodus/1-11.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/16/02_Exo_01_11.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Exodus 1:11 - Oppression by a New King" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="So the Egyptians appointed taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. 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They appointed brutal slave drivers over them, hoping to wear them down with crushing labor. They forced them to build the cities of Pithom and Rameses as supply centers for the king.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/exodus/1.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with heavy burdens. They built for Pharaoh store cities, Pithom and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/exodus/1.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />So the Egyptians appointed taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. As a result, they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/exodus/1.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh treasure cities, Pithom and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/exodus/1.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh supply cities, Pithom and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/exodus/1.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />So they appointed taskmasters over them to oppress them with hard labor. And they built for Pharaoh storage cities, Pithom and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/exodus/1.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />So they appointed taskmasters over them to afflict them with hard labor. And they built for Pharaoh storage cities, Pithom and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/exodus/1.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />So they appointed taskmasters over them to afflict them with hard labor. And they built for Pharaoh storage cities, Pithom and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/exodus/1.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />So they appointed taskmasters over them to afflict them with hard labors. And they built for Pharaoh storage cities, Pithom and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/exodus/1.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />So they set taskmasters over them to oppress them with hard labor. And the sons of Israel built Pithom and Raamses as storage cities for Pharaoh.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/exodus/1.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />So the Egyptians assigned taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. They built Pithom and Rameses as supply cities for Pharaoh.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/exodus/1.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />So the Egyptians assigned taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. They built Pithom and Rameses as supply cities for Pharaoh. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/exodus/1.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh store-cities, Pithom and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/exodus/1.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />The Egyptians put slave bosses in charge of the people of Israel and tried to wear them down with hard work. Those bosses forced them to build the cities of Pithom and Rameses, where the king could store his supplies. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/exodus/1.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh store cities, Pithom and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/exodus/1.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />So the Egyptians put slave drivers in charge of them in order to oppress them through forced labor. They built Pithom and Rameses as supply cities for Pharaoh.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/exodus/1.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />So the Egyptians put slave drivers over them to crush their spirits with hard labor. The Israelites built the cities of Pithom and Rameses to serve as supply centers for the king. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/exodus/1.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />So the Egyptians placed supervisors over them, oppressing them with heavy burdens. The Israelis built the supply cities of Pithom and Rameses for Pharaoh. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/exodus/1.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />So the Egyptians appointed taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. As a result, they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/exodus/1.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />So they put foremen over the Israelites to oppress them with hard labor. As a result they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/exodus/1.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with their burdens. They built storage cities for Pharaoh: Pithom and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/exodus/1.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />Therefore they set over them task-masters, to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh treasure-cities, Pithom, and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/exodus/1.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with their burdens. They built storage cities for Pharaoh: Pithom and Raamses. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/exodus/1.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />And they set princes of tribute over it, so as to afflict it with their burdens, and it builds the store-cities of Pithom and Rameses for Pharaoh;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/exodus/1.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> And they set over it princes of tribute, so as to afflict it with their burdens, and it buildeth store-cities for Pharaoh, Pithom and Raamses;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/exodus/1.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And they will set over them leaders of the tributes in order to afflict them in their burdens. And they will build cities of stores for Pharaoh, Pithom and Raamses.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/exodus/1.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />Therefore he set over them masters of the works, to afflict them with burdens, and they built for Pharao cities of tabernacles, Phithom and Ramesses. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/exodus/1.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />And so he set over them masters of the works, in order to afflict them with burdens. And they built for Pharaoh the cities of the tabernacles: Pithom and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/exodus/1.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />Accordingly, they set supervisors over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. Thus they had to build for Pharaoh the garrison cities of Pithom and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/exodus/1.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />Therefore they set taskmasters over them to oppress them with forced labor. They built supply cities, Pithom and Rameses, for Pharaoh.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/exodus/1.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />Therefore they appointed over them cruel taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh cities with storehouses, Pithom and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/exodus/1.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And they placed evil Rulers over them that would oppress them in their oppression and they were building cities, places of storage for Pharaoh, Pithom and Raamsis.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/exodus/1.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh store-cities, Pithom and Raamses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/exodus/1.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />And he set over them task-masters, who should afflict them in their works; and they built strong cities for Pharao, both Pitho, and Ramesses, and On, which is Heliopolis.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/exodus/1-11.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kVae3PiKqhs?start=63" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/exodus/1.htm">Oppression by a New King</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">10</span>Come, let us deal shrewdly with them, or they will increase even more; and if a war breaks out, they may join our enemies, fight against us, and leave the country.” <span class="reftext">11</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/7760.htm" title="7760: way·yā·śî·mū (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp) -- To put, place, set. Or siym; a primitive root; to put.">So the Egyptians appointed</a> <a href="/hebrew/8269.htm" title="8269: śā·rê (N-mpc) -- Chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince. From sarar; a head person.">taskmasters</a> <a href="/hebrew/4522.htm" title="4522: mis·sîm (N-mp) -- Or mic; from macac; properly, a burden, i.e. A tax in the form of forced labor."></a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘ā·lāw (Prep:: 3ms) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications.">over</a> <a href="/hebrew/4616.htm" title="4616: lə·ma·‘an (Conj) -- From anah; properly, heed, i.e. Purpose; used only adverbially, on account of, teleologically, in order that.">the Israelites to</a> <a href="/hebrew/6031.htm" title="6031: ‘an·nō·ṯōw (V-Piel-Inf:: 3ms) -- To be bowed down or afflicted. A primitive root; to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive.">oppress them</a> <a href="/hebrew/5450.htm" title="5450: bə·siḇ·lō·ṯām (Prep-b:: N-fpc:: 3mp) -- A burden. From cebel; porterage.">with forced labor.</a> <a href="/hebrew/1129.htm" title="1129: way·yi·ḇen (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms) -- To build. A primitive root; to build.">As a result, they built</a> <a href="/hebrew/6619.htm" title="6619: pi·ṯōm (N-proper-fs) -- A place in Eg. Of Egyptian derivation; Pithom, a place in Egypt.">Pithom</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: wə·’eṯ- (Conj-w:: DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/7486.htm" title="7486: ra·‘am·sês (N-proper-fs) -- A city in Eg. Or Raamcec; of Egyptian origin; Rameses or Raamses, a place in Egypt.">and Rameses</a> <a href="/hebrew/4543.htm" title="4543: mis·kə·nō·wṯ (N-fp) -- Supply, storage. By transp. From kanac; a magazine.">as store</a> <a href="/hebrew/5892.htm" title="5892: ‘ā·rê (N-fpc) -- Excitement. Or par; or ayar; from uwr a city in the widest sense.">cities</a> <a href="/hebrew/6547.htm" title="6547: lə·p̄ar·‘ōh (Prep-l:: N-proper-ms) -- A title of Eg. kings. Of Egyptian derivation; Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings.">for Pharaoh.</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> </span><span class="reftext">12</span>But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and flourished; so the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/5-4.htm">Exodus 5:4-9</a></span><br />But the king of Egypt said to them, “Moses and Aaron, why do you draw the people away from their work? Get back to your labor!” / Pharaoh also said, “Look, the people of the land are now numerous, and you would be stopping them from their labor.” / That same day Pharaoh commanded the taskmasters of the people and their foremen: ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/2-23.htm">Exodus 2:23-25</a></span><br />After a long time, the king of Egypt died. The Israelites groaned and cried out under their burden of slavery, and their cry for deliverance from bondage ascended to God. / So God heard their groaning, and He remembered His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. / God saw the Israelites and took notice.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/3-7.htm">Exodus 3:7-9</a></span><br />The LORD said, “I have indeed seen the affliction of My people in Egypt. I have heard them crying out because of their oppressors, and I am aware of their sufferings. / I have come down to rescue them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land to a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey—the home of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. / And now the cry of the Israelites has reached Me, and I have seen how severely the Egyptians are oppressing them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/6-5.htm">Exodus 6:5-6</a></span><br />Furthermore, I have heard the groaning of the Israelites, whom the Egyptians are enslaving, and I have remembered My covenant. / Therefore tell the Israelites: ‘I am the LORD, and I will bring you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians and deliver you from their bondage. I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with mighty acts of judgment.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/12-40.htm">Exodus 12:40-41</a></span><br />Now the duration of the Israelites’ stay in Egypt was 430 years. / At the end of the 430 years, to the very day, all the LORD’s divisions went out of the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/genesis/15-13.htm">Genesis 15:13-14</a></span><br />Then the LORD said to Abram, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a land that is not their own, and they will be enslaved and mistreated four hundred years. / But I will judge the nation they serve as slaves, and afterward they will depart with many possessions.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/genesis/47-11.htm">Genesis 47:11-12</a></span><br />So Joseph settled his father and brothers in the land of Egypt and gave them property in the best part of the land, the district of Rameses, as Pharaoh had commanded. / Joseph also provided his father and brothers and all his father’s household with food for their families.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/105-25.htm">Psalm 105:25</a></span><br />whose hearts He turned to hate His people, to conspire against His servants.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/7-17.htm">Acts 7:17-19</a></span><br />As the time drew near for God to fulfill His promise to Abraham, our people in Egypt increased greatly in number. / Then another king, who knew nothing of Joseph, arose over Egypt. / He exploited our people and oppressed our fathers, forcing them to abandon their infants so they would die.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/7-34.htm">Acts 7:34</a></span><br />I have indeed seen the oppression of My people in Egypt. I have heard their groaning and have come down to deliver them. Now come, I will send you back to Egypt.’<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/13-17.htm">Acts 13:17</a></span><br />The God of the people of Israel chose our fathers. He made them into a great people during their stay in Egypt, and with an uplifted arm He led them out of that land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/hebrews/11-23.htm">Hebrews 11:23-27</a></span><br />By faith Moses’ parents hid him for three months after his birth, because they saw that he was a beautiful child, and they were unafraid of the king’s edict. / By faith Moses, when he was grown, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh’s daughter. / He chose to suffer oppression with God’s people rather than to experience the fleeting enjoyment of sin. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/nehemiah/9-9.htm">Nehemiah 9:9-10</a></span><br />You saw the affliction of our fathers in Egypt; You heard their cry at the Red Sea. / You performed signs and wonders against Pharaoh, all his officials, and all the people of his land, for You knew they had acted with arrogance against our fathers. You made a name for Yourself that endures to this day.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/26-6.htm">Deuteronomy 26:6-8</a></span><br />But the Egyptians mistreated us and afflicted us, putting us to hard labor. / So we called out to the LORD, the God of our fathers; and the LORD heard our voice and saw our affliction, toil, and oppression. / Then the LORD brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm, with great terror, signs, and wonders.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/numbers/20-15.htm">Numbers 20:15-16</a></span><br />how our fathers went down to Egypt, where we lived many years. The Egyptians mistreated us and our fathers, / and when we cried out to the LORD, He heard our voice, sent an angel, and brought us out of Egypt. Now look, we are in Kadesh, a city on the edge of your territory.</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh treasure cities, Pithom and Raamses.</p><p class="hdg">to afflict.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/3-7.htm">Exodus 3:7</a></b></br> And the LORD said, I have surely seen the affliction of my people which <i>are</i> in Egypt, and have heard their cry by reason of their taskmasters; for I know their sorrows;</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/5-15.htm">Exodus 5:15</a></b></br> Then the officers of the children of Israel came and cried unto Pharaoh, saying, Wherefore dealest thou thus with thy servants?</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/genesis/15-13.htm">Genesis 15:13</a></b></br> And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land <i>that is</i> not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years;</p><p class="hdg">burdens.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/2-11.htm">Exodus 2:11</a></b></br> And it came to pass in those days, when Moses was grown, that he went out unto his brethren, and looked on their burdens: and he spied an Egyptian smiting an Hebrew, one of his brethren.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/5-4.htm">Exodus 5:4,5</a></b></br> And the king of Egypt said unto them, Wherefore do ye, Moses and Aaron, let the people from their works? get you unto your burdens… </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/psalms/68-13.htm">Psalm 68:13</a></b></br> Though ye have lien among the pots, <i>yet shall ye be as</i> the wings of a dove covered with silver, and her feathers with yellow gold.</p><p class="hdg">Raamses.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/genesis/47-11.htm">Genesis 47:11</a></b></br> And Joseph placed his father and his brethren, and gave them a possession in the land of Egypt, in the best of the land, in the land of Rameses, as Pharaoh had commanded.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/proverbs/27-4.htm">Proverbs 27:4</a></b></br> Wrath <i>is</i> cruel, and anger <i>is</i> outrageous; but who <i>is</i> able to stand before envy?</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/genesis/31-50.htm">Afflict</a> <a href="/genesis/40-4.htm">Appointed</a> <a href="/genesis/35-7.htm">Built</a> <a href="/genesis/49-14.htm">Burdens</a> <a href="/genesis/47-21.htm">Cities</a> <a href="/genesis/49-15.htm">Forced</a> <a href="/genesis/41-51.htm">Hard</a> <a href="/revelation/18-10.htm">Heavy</a> <a href="/genesis/49-15.htm">Labor</a> <a href="/1_peter/2-18.htm">Masters</a> <a href="/james/2-6.htm">Oppress</a> <a href="/genesis/50-20.htm">Order</a> <a href="/genesis/41-34.htm">Overseers</a> <a href="/genesis/50-7.htm">Pharaoh</a> <a href="/genesis/25-16.htm">Princes</a> <a href="/genesis/47-11.htm">Rameses</a> <a href="/genesis/49-15.htm">Slave</a> <a href="/jeremiah/40-10.htm">Storage</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/17-12.htm">Store-Cities</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/17-12.htm">Store-Towns</a> <a href="/genesis/49-24.htm">Strength</a> <a href="/isaiah/60-17.htm">Taskmasters</a> <a href="/exodus/5-14.htm">Task-Masters</a> <a href="/genesis/43-23.htm">Treasure</a> <a href="/genesis/49-15.htm">Tribute</a> <a href="/genesis/43-21.htm">Weight</a> <a href="/genesis/39-11.htm">Work</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/exodus/1-12.htm">Afflict</a> <a href="/exodus/4-11.htm">Appointed</a> <a href="/exodus/17-15.htm">Built</a> <a href="/exodus/2-11.htm">Burdens</a> <a href="/leviticus/25-32.htm">Cities</a> <a href="/exodus/3-19.htm">Forced</a> <a href="/exodus/1-14.htm">Hard</a> <a href="/exodus/5-9.htm">Heavy</a> <a href="/exodus/1-13.htm">Labor</a> <a href="/exodus/3-7.htm">Masters</a> <a href="/exodus/3-9.htm">Oppress</a> <a href="/exodus/1-22.htm">Order</a> <a href="/exodus/5-6.htm">Overseers</a> <a href="/exodus/1-19.htm">Pharaoh</a> <a href="/exodus/15-15.htm">Princes</a> <a href="/exodus/12-37.htm">Rameses</a> <a href="/exodus/2-5.htm">Slave</a> <a href="/1_kings/9-19.htm">Storage</a> <a href="/1_kings/9-19.htm">Store-Cities</a> <a href="/1_kings/9-19.htm">Store-Towns</a> <a href="/exodus/6-6.htm">Strength</a> <a href="/exodus/3-7.htm">Taskmasters</a> <a href="/exodus/3-7.htm">Task-Masters</a> <a href="/exodus/19-5.htm">Treasure</a> <a href="/numbers/31-28.htm">Tribute</a> <a href="/exodus/6-9.htm">Weight</a> <a href="/exodus/1-13.htm">Work</a><div class="vheading2">Exodus 1</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/1-1.htm">The children of Israel, after Joseph's death, increase.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">8. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/1-8.htm">The more they are oppressed by a new king, the more they multiply.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">15. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/1-15.htm">The godliness of the midwives in saving the male children alive.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">22. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/1-22.htm">Pharaoh commands the male children to be cast into the river</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/exodus/1.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/exodus/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/exodus/1.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div><b>So the Egyptians appointed taskmasters over the Israelites</b><br>The appointment of taskmasters signifies a shift from the Israelites being honored guests in Egypt during Joseph's time to becoming oppressed slaves. This change reflects the new Pharaoh's fear of the Israelites' growing population and potential power (<a href="/exodus/1-8.htm">Exodus 1:8-10</a>). Taskmasters were likely Egyptian officials or overseers who enforced labor and maintained control over the Israelites, ensuring they remained subjugated. This oppression fulfills God's prophecy to Abraham that his descendants would be enslaved and mistreated in a foreign land for 400 years (<a href="/genesis/15-13.htm">Genesis 15:13</a>).<p><b>to oppress them with forced labor</b><br>The forced labor imposed on the Israelites was a means of control and suppression. It was intended to break their spirit and prevent them from becoming a threat to the Egyptians. This labor was harsh and relentless, as described later in <a href="/exodus/5-6.htm">Exodus 5:6-14</a>, where the Israelites were forced to make bricks without straw. The oppression of the Israelites is a recurring theme in the Bible, symbolizing the bondage of sin and the need for divine deliverance, which is ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who frees humanity from spiritual slavery (<a href="/john/8-34.htm">John 8:34-36</a>).<p><b>As a result, they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh</b><br>Pithom and Rameses were significant cities in ancient Egypt, serving as storage centers for grain and other goods. The construction of these cities by the Israelites underlines the scale of their forced labor and the wealth of the Egyptian empire. Archaeological evidence suggests that these cities were located in the eastern Nile Delta, a region known for its fertile land and strategic importance. The mention of Rameses connects to the biblical narrative of the Exodus, as it is also the starting point of the Israelites' journey out of Egypt (<a href="/exodus/12-37.htm">Exodus 12:37</a>). The building of these cities can be seen as a type of Christ's work, where He prepares a place for His people (<a href="/john/14-2.htm">John 14:2-3</a>), contrasting the oppressive labor of the Israelites with the rest and freedom found in Him.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/p/pharaoh.htm">Pharaoh</a></b><br>The ruler of Egypt who enslaved the Israelites, fearing their growing numbers and potential power.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/t/taskmasters.htm">Taskmasters</a></b><br>Egyptian overseers appointed to enforce harsh labor on the Israelites, ensuring their oppression and control.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/i/israelites.htm">Israelites</a></b><br>The descendants of Jacob living in Egypt, who were subjected to slavery and harsh treatment by the Egyptians.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/p/pithom_and_rameses.htm">Pithom and Rameses</a></b><br>Cities built by the Israelites under forced labor, serving as storage cities for Pharaoh.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/e/egypt.htm">Egypt</a></b><br>The land where the Israelites were enslaved, representing a place of bondage and oppression.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/u/understanding_oppression.htm">Understanding Oppression</a></b><br>Recognize the reality of oppression in the world and the importance of seeking justice and freedom for those who are enslaved or marginalized.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/g/god's_sovereignty_in_trials.htm">God's Sovereignty in Trials</a></b><br>Trust in God's sovereignty and His ultimate plan for deliverance, even when circumstances seem dire and oppressive.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/s/spiritual_bondage_and_freedom.htm">Spiritual Bondage and Freedom</a></b><br>Reflect on the spiritual bondage of sin and the freedom offered through Christ, paralleling the physical bondage of the Israelites and their eventual liberation.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_role_of_leadership.htm">The Role of Leadership</a></b><br>Consider the impact of leadership, both good and bad, and the responsibility leaders have to care for and uplift those under their authority.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/b/building_for_god's_glory.htm">Building for God's Glory</a></b><br>Contrast building for earthly powers with building for God's glory, emphasizing the importance of dedicating our work and efforts to God's purposes.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_exodus_1.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Exodus 1</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_do_finds_contradict_exodus.htm">Why do archaeological findings contradict the biblical Exodus story?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/does_psalm_129_1-2_match_israel's_history.htm">How does Psalm 129:1–2 align with historical records of Israel’s early afflictions, and is there evidence outside the Bible to confirm such repeated oppression?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/exodus_6_6__why_no_evidence_for_exodus.htm">Exodus 6:6: How can we reconcile the lack of archaeological evidence for a large-scale exodus with the biblical narrative? </a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_does_exodus_show_israelites_as_slaves.htm">Why does Exodus depict the Israelites as slaves in Egypt when no Egyptian records mention this?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/exodus/1.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(11) <span class= "bld">Task-masters.</span>--Heb., <span class= "ital">chiefs of tributes. </span>The Egyptian system of forced labour, which it was now resolved to extend to the Israelites, involved the appointment of two sets of officers--a lower class, who personally overlooked the labourers, and forced them to perform their tasks, and a higher class of superintendents, who directed the distribution of the labour, and assigned to all the tasks which they were to execute. The "task-masters" of the present passage are these high officials.<p><span class= "bld">To afflict them.</span>--This was the object of the whole proceeding. It was hoped that severe labour under the lash would produce so much suffering that the number of the Israelites would be thinned, and their multiplication stopped. Humanly speaking, the scheme was a "wise" one--i.e., one likely to be successful.<p><span class= "bld">They built for Pharaoh treasure-cities.</span>--By "treasure-cities" we are to understand "magazines"--<span class= "ital">i.e., </span>strongholds, where munitions of war could be laid up for use in case of an invasion. (In <a href="/1_kings/9-19.htm" title="And all the cities of store that Solomon had, and cities for his chariots, and cities for his horsemen, and that which Solomon desired to build in Jerusalem, and in Lebanon, and in all the land of his dominion.">1Kings 9:19</a>, and <a href="/2_chronicles/8-4.htm" title="And he built Tadmor in the wilderness, and all the store cities, which he built in Hamath.">2Chronicles 8:4</a>, the same expression is translated "cities of store.") The Pharaohs of the nineteenth dynasty gave great attention to the guarding of the north-eastern frontier in this way.<p><span class= "bld">Pithom.</span>--This city is reasonably identified with the "Patumus" of Herodotus (ii. 158), which was in Lower Egypt, not far from Bubastis (<span class= "ital">Tel Basta</span>)<span class= "ital">. </span>It is mentioned in the inscriptions of the nineteenth dynasty under the name of Pi-Tum (Brugsch, <span class= "ital">History of Egypt, </span>vol. ii. p. 128). It was, as the name implies, a city of the sun-god, and was probably not very far from Heliopolis, the main seat of the sun-god's worship.<p><span class= "bld">Raamses.</span>--Pi-Ramesu, the city of Rameses, was the ordinary seat of the Court during the earlier part of the nineteenth dynasty. It appears to have been a new name for Tanis, or for a suburb of Tanis, which overshadowed the old city. Rameses II. claims to have built the greater part of it; but it was probably commenced by his father, Seti, who made the defence of the north-eastern frontier one of his main cares. The name must be considered as a mere variant rendering of the Egyptian Ramessu or Ramesu. The site is marked by the mounds at San.<p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/exodus/1.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 11.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">They did set over them taskmasters</span>. Literally, "lords of tribute," or "lords of service." The term used, <span class="accented">sarey massim</span>, is the Egyptian official title for over-lookers of forced labour. It occurs in this sense on the monument representing brick-making, which has been supposed by some to be a picture of the Hebrews at work. (See Cook, in the 'Speaker's Commentary,' vol. 1. pt. 1. p. 253, and compare Brugsch, 'History of Egypt,' vol. 1. p. 376.) <span class="cmt_word">To afflict them with their burdens</span>. Among the tasks set the labourers in the representation above alluded to are the carrying of huge lumps of clay and of water-jars on one shoulder, and also the conveyance of bricks from place to place by means of a yoke<span class="cmt_word">. They built for Pharaoh treasure-cities</span>, <span class="cmt_word">Pithom and Raamses</span>. By "treasure-cities" we are to understand "store-cities," or "cities of store," as the same word is translated in <a href="/1_kings/9-19.htm">1 Kings 9:19</a> and <a href="/2_chronicles/8-4.htm">2 Chronicles 8:4</a>. Such cities contained depots of provisions and magazines of arms. They were generally to be found on all assailable frontiers in ancient as in modern times. (Compare <a href="/2_chronicles/11-5.htm">2 Chronicles 11:5, 12</a>; 2 Chronicles 33:28, etc.) Of the cities here mentioned, which the Israelites are said to have "built," or helped to build, <span class="cmt_word">Pithom</span> is in all probability the Patumes of Herodotus (2:158), which was not far from Bubastis, now Tel-Basta. Its exact site is uncertain, but if identical with the Thou, or Thoum, of the ' Itinerary of An-tonine,' it must have lain north of the Canal of Necho, not south, where most maps place it. The word means "abode of the sun," or rather "of the setting sun," called by the Egyptians Tam, or Atum. Names formed on the model were very common under the nineteenth dynasty, Rameses II. having built a Pa-Ra, a Pa-Ammon, and a Pa-Phthah in Nubia (Brugsch, 'History of Egypt,' vol. it. p. 90). Pa-Tum itself has not been found among the cities of this period (<span class="accented">ib.</span> p. 99), but appears in the records of the twentieth dynasty as a place where the Setting-Sun god had a treasury ('Records of the Past,' vol. 6. p. 54). The name Rameses is probably put for Pa-Rameses (as Thoum for Pa-Tum), a city frequently mentioned in the inscriptions of the nineteenth dynasty, and particularly favoured by Rameses II., whose city it was especially called ('Records of the Past,' vol. it. p. 77; vol. 6. p. 13), and by whom it was greatly enlarged, if not wholly built. We incline to believe that the building was commenced by Seti, who named the place, as he did his great temple, the Rameseum, after his father. The city was, according to Brugsch, a sort of suburb of Tanis ('History of Egypt,' vol. 2 p. 94). It was a magnificent place, and under Rameses II. and his son Menephthah was the ordinary residence of the court. Hence the miracles of Moses are said to have been wrought "in the field of Zoan," <span class="accented">i.e</span>. the country about Tanis (<a href="/psalms/78-12.htm">Psalm 78:12, 43</a>). <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/exodus/1-11.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">So [the Egyptians] appointed</span><br /><span class="heb">וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ</span> <span class="translit">(way·yā·śî·mū)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7760.htm">Strong's 7760: </a> </span><span class="str2">Put -- to put, place, set</span><br /><br /><span class="word">taskmasters</span><br /><span class="heb">שָׂרֵ֣י</span> <span class="translit">(śā·rê)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine plural construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_8269.htm">Strong's 8269: </a> </span><span class="str2">Chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince</span><br /><br /><span class="word">over</span><br /><span class="heb">עָלָיו֙</span> <span class="translit">(‘ā·lāw)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition | third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5921.htm">Strong's 5921: </a> </span><span class="str2">Above, over, upon, against</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the Israelites to</span><br /><span class="heb">לְמַ֥עַן</span> <span class="translit">(lə·ma·‘an)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunction<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4616.htm">Strong's 4616: </a> </span><span class="str2">Purpose -- intent</span><br /><br /><span class="word">oppress</span><br /><span class="heb">עַנֹּת֖וֹ</span> <span class="translit">(‘an·nō·ṯōw)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6031.htm">Strong's 6031: </a> </span><span class="str2">To be bowed down or afflicted</span><br /><br /><span class="word">them with forced labor.</span><br /><span class="heb">בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם</span> <span class="translit">(bə·siḇ·lō·ṯām)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-b | Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5450.htm">Strong's 5450: </a> </span><span class="str2">Porterage</span><br /><br /><span class="word">As a result, they built</span><br /><span class="heb">וַיִּ֜בֶן</span> <span class="translit">(way·yi·ḇen)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1129.htm">Strong's 1129: </a> </span><span class="str2">To build</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Pithom</span><br /><span class="heb">פִּתֹ֖ם</span> <span class="translit">(pi·ṯōm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6619.htm">Strong's 6619: </a> </span><span class="str2">Pithom -- a place in Egypt</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and Rameses</span><br /><span class="heb">רַעַמְסֵֽס׃</span> <span class="translit">(ra·‘am·sês)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7486.htm">Strong's 7486: </a> </span><span class="str2">Rameses -- a city in Egypt</span><br /><br /><span class="word">as store</span><br /><span class="heb">מִסְכְּנוֹת֙</span> <span class="translit">(mis·kə·nō·wṯ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - feminine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4543.htm">Strong's 4543: </a> </span><span class="str2">Supply, storage</span><br /><br /><span class="word">cities</span><br /><span class="heb">עָרֵ֤י</span> <span class="translit">(‘ā·rê)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - feminine plural construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5892.htm">Strong's 5892: </a> </span><span class="str2">Excitement</span><br /><br /><span class="word">for Pharaoh.</span><br /><span class="heb">לְפַרְעֹ֔ה</span> <span class="translit">(lə·p̄ar·‘ōh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6547.htm">Strong's 6547: </a> </span><span class="str2">Pharaoh -- a title of Egypt kings</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/exodus/1-11.htm">Exodus 1:11 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/exodus/1-11.htm">Exodus 1:11 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/exodus/1-11.htm">Exodus 1:11 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/exodus/1-11.htm">Exodus 1:11 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/exodus/1-11.htm">Exodus 1:11 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/exodus/1-11.htm">Exodus 1:11 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/exodus/1-11.htm">Exodus 1:11 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/exodus/1-11.htm">Exodus 1:11 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/exodus/1-11.htm">Exodus 1:11 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/exodus/1-11.htm">Exodus 1:11 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/exodus/1-11.htm">OT Law: Exodus 1:11 Therefore they set taskmasters over them (Exo. 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