CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Székelys - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"f91fef2a-f0c4-4265-be5d-7d6a4731d56b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Székelys","wgTitle":"Székelys","wgCurRevisionId":1276759567,"wgRevisionId":1276759567,"wgArticleId":415477,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Hungarian-language text","Articles containing Romanian-language text","Articles containing German-language text","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles containing Serbian-language text","Articles containing Slovak-language text","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2024","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with Romanian-language sources (ro)","CS1 Hungarian-language sources (hu)","CS1 Latin-language sources (la)", "Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from October 2020","Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from July 2024","Articles needing footnote reformatting","All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify","Short description matches Wikidata","\"Related ethnic groups\" needing confirmation","Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters","Pages with Hungarian IPA","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2022","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2013","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Hungarian minorities in Europe","Ethnic groups in Romania","Székelys"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Székelys","wgRelevantArticleId":415477,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q147540","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="750"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg/800px-Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="500"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg/640px-Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="400"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Székelys - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Székelys rootpage-Székelys skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Autonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Székelys</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szeklers" title="Szeklers – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Szeklers" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="السيكليس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السيكليس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seculs" title="Seculs – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Seculs" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekell%C9%99r" title="Sekellər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sekellər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%A1%D1%8B" title="Секей халҡы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Секей халҡы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%96" title="Секеі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Секеі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%96" title="Сэкэі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сэкэі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Секеи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Секеи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekelji" title="Sekelji – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sekelji" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADculs_(Transsilv%C3%A0nia)" title="Sículs (Transsilvània) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sículs (Transsilvània)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikulov%C3%A9_(Transylv%C3%A1nie)" title="Sikulové (Transylvánie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sikulové (Transylvánie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely" title="Székely – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Székely" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szekler" title="Szekler – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Szekler" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szekler" title="Szekler – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Szekler" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekele" title="Sekele – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Sekele" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seekelid" title="Seekelid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seekelid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B9" title="Σέκελι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σέκελι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Секеить – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Секеить" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADculos_(Transilvania)" title="Sículos (Transilvania) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sículos (Transilvania)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikuloj" title="Sikuloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sikuloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikulo_(Transilvania)" title="Sikulo (Transilvania) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sikulo (Transilvania)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="سکی‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سکی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicules_(Transylvanie)" title="Sicules (Transylvanie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sicules (Transylvanie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_s%C3%ADculo_(Transilvania)" title="Pobo sículo (Transilvania) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo sículo (Transilvania)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="세케이인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세케이인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekeljo" title="Sekeljo – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sekeljo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekelji" title="Sekelji – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sekelji" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekleri" title="Sekleri – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sekleri" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely" title="Székely – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Székely" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siculi_(Transilvania)" title="Siculi (Transilvania) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Siculi (Transilvania)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="סקלרים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סקלרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%98" title="სეკეი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სეკეი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siculi_(gens_Hungarica)" title="Siculi (gens Hungarica) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Siculi (gens Hungarica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%93keji" title="Sēkeji – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sēkeji" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelyek" title="Székelyek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Székelyek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szeklers" title="Szeklers – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Szeklers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B1%E3%82%A4%E4%BA%BA" title="セーケイ人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セーケイ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szekler" title="Szekler – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Szekler" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seklerzy" title="Seklerzy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Seklerzy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADculos_(Transilv%C3%A2nia)" title="Sículos (Transilvânia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sículos (Transilvânia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secui" title="Secui – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Secui" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Секеи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Секеи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="Székelys – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Székelys" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikuli_(Rumunsko)" title="Sikuli (Rumunsko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sikuli (Rumunsko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%99%D0%B8" title="Секељи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Секељи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekelji" title="Sekelji – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sekelji" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelyt" title="Székelyt – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Székelyt" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szekler" title="Szekler – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Szekler" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekeller" title="Sekeller – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sekeller" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%97" title="Секеї – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Секеї" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely" title="Székely – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Székely" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%87%AF%E4%BC%8A%E4%BA%BA" title="塞凯伊人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塞凯伊人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q147540#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Sz%C3%A9kelys" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Sz%C3%A9kelys" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&oldid=1276759567" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Sz%C3%A9kelys&id=1276759567&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSz%25C3%25A9kelys"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSz%25C3%25A9kelys"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sz%C3%A9kelys" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q147540" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hungarian subgroup in Romania</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Sicels" title="Sicels">Sicels</a>, also called <i>Siculi</i> in Latin.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Secui" redirects here. For the village in Dolj County, Romania, see <a href="/wiki/Teasc" title="Teasc">Teasc</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Székely (disambiguation)">Székely (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Format_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITE#Types_of_citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITE">inline citations</a>, but <b>they are not <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">properly formatted</a>.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&&action=edit">correcting them</a></span>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Székelys</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg/220px-Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg/330px-Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg/440px-Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="Flag of the Székelys">Flag of the Székelys</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">est. 500,000–700,000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidjLfX1q3kJzgCpgPA334_334]_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidjLfX1q3kJzgCpgPA334_334]-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Harghita_County" title="Harghita County">Harghita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Covasna_County" title="Covasna County">Covasna</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Mure%C8%99_County" title="Mureș County">Mureș</a> as well as some villages in <a href="/wiki/Suceava_County" title="Suceava County">Suceava County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tolna_County" title="Tolna County">Tolna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baranya_County" title="Baranya County">Baranya</a>), <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Romania" title="Catholic Church in Romania">Roman Catholic</a> (majority)<br /><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Romania" title="Reformed Church in Romania">Hungarian Reformed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Church_of_Transylvania" title="Unitarian Church of Transylvania">Unitarian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cs%C3%A1ng%C3%B3s" title="Csángós">Csángós</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasz_people" title="Jasz people">Jasz</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Székelys</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[ˈseːkɛj]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Székely runes</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1009384380">.mw-parser-output .script-Hung{font-family:"Noto Sans Old Hungarian"}</style><span class="script-Hung" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 100%;">𐳥𐳋𐳓𐳉𐳗</span>‎), also referred to as <b>Szeklers</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarian</a> subgroup<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> living mostly in the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Land" title="Székely Land">Székely Land</a> in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. In addition to their native villages in <a href="/wiki/Suceava_County" title="Suceava County">Suceava County</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a>, a significant population descending from the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys_of_Bukovina" title="Székelys of Bukovina">Székelys of Bukovina</a> currently lives in <a href="/wiki/Tolna_County" title="Tolna County">Tolna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baranya_County" title="Baranya County">Baranya</a> counties in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and certain districts of <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the Székelys played a role in the defense of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary#Middle_Ages" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in their posture as guards of the eastern border. With the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a> of 1920, <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Land" title="Székely Land">Székely Land</a>) became part of Romania, and the Székely population was a target of <a href="/wiki/Romanianization" title="Romanianization">Romanianization</a> efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1952, during the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">communist rule of Romania</a>, the former counties with the highest concentration of Székely population – <a href="/wiki/Mure%C8%99_County#Historical_county" title="Mureș County">Mureș</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odorhei_County" title="Odorhei County">Odorhei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciuc_County" title="Ciuc County">Ciuc</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trei_Scaune_County" title="Trei Scaune County">Trei Scaune</a> – were legally designated as the <a href="/wiki/Magyar_Autonomous_Region" title="Magyar Autonomous Region">Magyar Autonomous Region</a>. It was superseded in 1960 by the Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region, itself divided in 1968 into two non-autonomous counties, <a href="/wiki/Harghita_County" title="Harghita County">Harghita</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mure%C8%99_County" title="Mureș County">Mureș</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In post-<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> Romania, where the Székelys form roughly half of the ethnic Hungarian population, members of the group have been among the most vocal of Hungarians <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_autonomy_movement" title="Székely autonomy movement">seeking an autonomous Székely region</a> in Transylvania.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were estimated to number about 860,000 in the 1970s and are officially recognized as a distinct minority group by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Romanian government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today's <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Land" title="Székely Land">Székely Land</a> roughly corresponds to the Romanian counties of Harghita, <a href="/wiki/Covasna_County" title="Covasna County">Covasna</a>, and central and eastern Mureș where they currently make up roughly 80% of the population. Based on the official <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Romania#20_October_2011_census" title="Demographic history of Romania">2011 Romanian census</a>, 1,227,623 ethnic Hungarians live in Romania,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mostly in the region of <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, making up 19.6% of the population of this region. Of these, 609,033 live in the counties of Harghita, Covasna, and Mureș, which taken together have a Hungarian majority (58%).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hungarians in <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Land" title="Székely Land">Székely Land</a>, therefore, account for half (49.41%) of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Hungarians in Romania">Hungarians in Romania</a>. When given the choice on the 2011 Romanian census between ethnically identifying as <i>Székely</i> or as <i>Hungarian</i>, the overwhelming majority of the Székelys chose the latter – only 532 persons declared themselves as ethnic <i>Székely</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-insse.ro_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insse.ro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Sz%C3%A9kely_people" title="History of the Székely people">History of the Székely people</a></div> <p>The Székely territories came under the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_the_Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="Count of the Székelys">Count of the Székelys</a> (Latin: <i>Comes Siculorum</i>), initially a royal appointee from the non-Székely Hungarian nobility who was de facto a <a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">margrave</a>; from the 15th century onward, the <a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">voivodes</a> of Transylvania held the office themselves. The Székelys were considered a distinct ethnic group (<i>natio Siculica</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and formed part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Unio_Trium_Nationum" title="Unio Trium Nationum">Unio Trium Nationum</a></i> ("Union of Three Nations"), a coalition of three Transylvanian <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm" title="Estates of the realm">estates</a>, the other two "nations" being the (also predominantly Hungarian) nobility and the <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxons" title="Transylvanian Saxons">Saxons</a> (that is, <a href="/wiki/German_diaspora" title="German diaspora">ethnic German</a> burghers). These three groups ruled Transylvania from 1438 onward, usually in harmony though sometimes in conflict with one another. During the <a href="/wiki/Long_Turkish_War" title="Long Turkish War">Long Turkish War</a>, the Székelys formed an alliance with Prince <a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Brave" title="Michael the Brave">Michael the Brave</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> against the army of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_B%C3%A1thory" title="Andrew Báthory">Andrew Báthory</a>, recently appointed Prince of <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the Székelys played a role in the defense of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary#Middle_Ages" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a> in their posture as guards of the eastern border.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Olahus" title="Nicolaus Olahus">Nicolaus Olahus</a> stated in the book <i>Hungaria et Athila</i> in 1536 that <i>"Hungarians and Székelys share the same language, with the difference that the Székelys have their own words specific to their nation."</i> <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The people of Székelys were in general regarded as the most Hungarian of Hungarians. In 1558, a Hungarian poet, Mihály Vilmányi Libécz voiced this opinion, instructing the reader in his poem that if they had doubts about the correctness of the Hungarian language: <i>"Consult without fail the language of the ancient Székelys, for they are the guardians of the purest Hungarian tongue"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="Origin of the Székelys">Origin of the Székelys</a></div><p> The origin of the Székelys has been much debated. It is now generally accepted that they are descendants of Hungarians. The Székelys have historically claimed descent from <a href="/wiki/Attila_the_Hun" class="mw-redirect" title="Attila the Hun">Attila</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and believed they played a special role in shaping Hungary. Ancient legends recount that a contingent of Huns remained in Transylvania, later allying with the main Hungarian army that <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_conquest_of_the_Carpathian_Basin" title="Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin">conquered the Carpathian Basin</a> in the 9th century. The thirteenth-century chronicler <a href="/wiki/Simon_of_K%C3%A9za" title="Simon of Kéza">Simon of Kéza</a> also claimed that the Székely people descended from Huns who lived in mountainous lands prior to the Hungarian conquest.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>These Székelys were the remains of the Huns, who when they learned that the Hungarians had returned to Pannonia for the second time, went to the returnees on the border of Ruthenia and conquered Pannonia together.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Simon_of_K%C3%A9za" title="Simon of Kéza">Simon of Kéza</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gesta_Hunnorum_et_Hungarorum" title="Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum">Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>They were afraid of the western nations that they would suddenly attack them, so they went to Transylvania and did not call themselves Hungarians, but Székelys. The western clan hated the Huns in Attila's life. The Székelys are thus the remnants of the Huns, who remained in the mentioned field until the return of the other Hungarians. So when they knew that the Hungarians would return to Pannonia again, they hurried to Ruthenia to them, conquering the land of Pannonia together.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Mark_of_Kalt" title="Mark of Kalt">Mark of Kalt</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicon_Pictum" title="Chronicon Pictum">Chronicon Pictum</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Szekelys-in-hungary.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Szekelys-in-hungary.png/220px-Szekelys-in-hungary.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Szekelys-in-hungary.png/330px-Szekelys-in-hungary.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Szekelys-in-hungary.png/440px-Szekelys-in-hungary.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption>Székely people in the Kingdom of Hungary</figcaption></figure> <p>After the theory of Hunnic descent lost scholarly currency in the 20th century, two substantial ideas emerged about Székely ancestry:<sup id="cite_ref-EDRC_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDRC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Some scholars suggested that the Székelys were simply <a href="/wiki/Magyars" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyars">Magyars</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EDRC_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDRC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> like other Hungarians, transplanted in the Middle Ages to guard the frontiers. Researchers could not prove that Székelys spoke a different language.<sup id="cite_ref-EDRC_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDRC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this case, their strong cultural differences from other Hungarians stem from centuries of relative isolation in the mountains.</li> <li>Others suggested Turkic origin as <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabar" title="Kabar">Kabar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Esegel" title="Esegel">Esegel-Bulgar</a> ancestries.<sup id="cite_ref-EDRC_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDRC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Some theories suggest that the Székelys might have absorbed influences from various groups, including Turkic tribes, but this is more about cultural exchange rather than direct lineage. Overall, while there may be historical connections and interactions, the Székelys are primarily of Hungarian origin. <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>According to a new model,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Székelys are the descendants of those "wanderers" who ran away from the feudal state and the landlord system mostly during the 11th and 12th centuries. These parasocial groups settled in border regions and hard-to-reach places (forests, swamps) down where the institutional vacuum allowed them to found independent communities. The Hungarian kings reintegrated these groups into the kingdom's society from the beginning of the 12th century. The Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Hajduk" title="Hajduk">Hajdúk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maroons" title="Maroons">Maroons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%CA%BFApiru" title="ʿApiru">ʿApiru</a> offer an analogy for the process.</li></ul> <p>Some historians have dated the Székely presence in the Eastern <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathian Mountains</a> as early as the fifth century,<sup id="cite_ref-EDRC_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDRC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and found historical evidence that the Székelys were part of the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avar</a><sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> confederation during the so-called <a href="/wiki/Dark_Ages_(historiography)" title="Dark Ages (historiography)">Dark Ages</a>, but this does not mean that they were ethnically Avar. </p><p>Research indicates that Székelys spoke <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001415–416_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001415–416-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toponyms at the Székely settlement area also give proof of their Hungarian mother tongue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001415–416_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001415–416-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Székely dialect does not have more Bulgaro-Turkish loanwords derived from before the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_conquest_of_the_Carpathian_Basin" title="Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin">Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin</a> than standard Hungarian does.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001415–416_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001415–416-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even if the Székelys had been a Turkic stock, they would have had to lose their original vernacular at a very early date.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001415–416_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001415–416-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Autosomal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal">autosomal</a> analysis,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> studying non-European admixture in Europeans, found 4.4% of admixture of East Asian/Central Asian among Hungarians, which was the strongest among sampled populations. It was found at 3.6% in Belarusians, 2.5% in Romanians, 2.3% in Bulgarians and Lithuanians, 1.9% in Poles and 0% in Greeks. The authors stated "This signal might correspond to a small genetic legacy from invasions of peoples from the Asian steppes (e.g., the Huns, Avars, and Bulgars) during the first millennium." </p><p>Among 100 Hungarian men (90 of them from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Hungarian_Plain" title="Great Hungarian Plain">Great Hungarian Plain</a>), the following haplogroups and frequencies are obtained:<sup id="cite_ref-csanyi_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csanyi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Haplogroup </th> <td>R1a</td> <td>R1b</td> <td>I2a1</td> <td>J2</td> <td>E1b1b1a</td> <td>I1</td> <td>G2</td> <td>J1</td> <td>I*</td> <td>E*</td> <td>F*</td> <td>K* </td></tr> <tr> <th>Frequency </th> <td>30%</td> <td>15%</td> <td>13%</td> <td>13%</td> <td>9%</td> <td>8%</td> <td>3%</td> <td>3%</td> <td>3%</td> <td>1%</td> <td>1%</td> <td>1% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 97 Székelys belong to the following haplogroups:<sup id="cite_ref-csanyi_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csanyi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Haplogroup </th> <td>R1b</td> <td>R1a</td> <td>I1</td> <td>J2</td> <td>J1</td> <td>E1b1b1a</td> <td>I2a1</td> <td>G2</td> <td>P*</td> <td>E*</td> <td>N </td></tr> <tr> <th>Frequency </th> <td>20%</td> <td>19%</td> <td>17%</td> <td>11%</td> <td>10%</td> <td>8%</td> <td>5%</td> <td>5%</td> <td>3%</td> <td>1%</td> <td>1% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>It can be inferred that Szekelys have more significant German admixture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The reason for this is unclear. (January 2022)">why?</span></a></i>]</sup> A study sampling 45 <a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%B3c" title="Palóc">Palóc</a> from Budapest and northern Hungary,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> found: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Haplogroup </th> <td>R1a</td> <td>R1b</td> <td>I</td> <td>E</td> <td>G</td> <td>J2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Frequency </th> <td>60%</td> <td>13%</td> <td>11%</td> <td>9%</td> <td>2%</td> <td>2% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A study estimating possible Inner Asian admixture among nearly 500 Hungarians based on paternal lineages only, estimated it at 5.1% in Hungary, at 7.4% in Székelys and at 6.3% at <a href="/wiki/Csangos" class="mw-redirect" title="Csangos">Csangos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has boldly been noted that this is an upper limit by deep SNPs and that the main haplogroups responsible for that contribution are J2-M172 (negative M47, M67, L24, M12), J2-L24, R1a-Z93, Q-M242 and E-M78, the last of which is typically European, while N is still negligible (1.7%). In an attempt to divide N into subgroups L1034 and L708, some Hungarian, Sekler, and Uzbek samples were found to be L1034 SNP positive, while all Mongolians, <a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khanty_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanty people">Khanty</a>, Finnish, and Roma samples showed a negative result for this marker. The 2,500-year-old SNP L1034 was found typical for <a href="/wiki/Mansi_people" title="Mansi people">Mansi</a> and Hungarians, the closest linguistic relatives.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Székely live mainly in Harghita, Covasna and Mureș counties. They identify themselves as Hungarians, but they maintain a somewhat distinct ethnic identity from other Hungarians.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hungarians form a majority of the population in the counties of Covasna and Harghita. They were estimated to number about 860,000 in the 1970s and are officially recognized as a distinct minority group by the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian government">Romanian government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>County </th> <th>Hungarians </th> <th>% of county population </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harghita_County" title="Harghita County">Harghita</a> </td> <td>257,707 </td> <td>84.62% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Covasna_County" title="Covasna County">Covasna</a> </td> <td>150,468 </td> <td>73.74% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mure%C8%99_County" title="Mureș County">Mureș</a> </td> <td>200,858 </td> <td>38.09% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys_of_Bukovina" title="Székelys of Bukovina">Székelys of Bukovina</a>, today settled mostly in Vojvodina and southern Hungary, form a culturally separate group with its own history.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Ethnic map of Harghita, Covasna and Mureș showing areas with Hungarian majority</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Szekely03_original_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="based on the 1992 data"><img alt="based on the 1992 data" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Szekely03_original_map.png/316px-Szekely03_original_map.png" decoding="async" width="211" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Szekely03_original_map.png/475px-Szekely03_original_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Szekely03_original_map.png/633px-Szekely03_original_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">based on the 1992 data</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Szekely03.png" class="mw-file-description" title="based on the 2002 data"><img alt="based on the 2002 data" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Szekely03.png/316px-Szekely03.png" decoding="async" width="211" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Szekely03.png/475px-Szekely03.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Szekely03.png/633px-Szekely03.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">based on the 2002 data</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Szekely04.png" class="mw-file-description" title="based on the 2011 data"><img alt="based on the 2011 data" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Szekely04.png/316px-Szekely04.png" decoding="async" width="211" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Szekely04.png/475px-Szekely04.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Szekely04.png/633px-Szekely04.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">based on the 2011 data</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Autonomy">Autonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Autonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%A1lyhacsempe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/K%C3%A1lyhacsempe.jpg/170px-K%C3%A1lyhacsempe.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/K%C3%A1lyhacsempe.jpg/255px-K%C3%A1lyhacsempe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/K%C3%A1lyhacsempe.jpg/340px-K%C3%A1lyhacsempe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Székely pottery (stove tile)</figcaption></figure> <p>An autonomous Székely region existed between 1952 and 1968. First created as the <a href="/wiki/Magyar_Autonomous_Region" title="Magyar Autonomous Region">Magyar Autonomous Region</a> in 1952, it was renamed the Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region in 1960. Ever since the abolition of the Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region by the <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Ceaușescu</a> regime in 1968, some of the Székely have pressed for their autonomy to be restored. Several proposals have been discussed within the Székely Hungarian community and by the Romanian majority. One of the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_autonomy_initiatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Székely autonomy initiatives">Székely autonomy initiatives</a> is based on the model of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Spanish autonomous community</a> of <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major peaceful demonstration was held in 2006 in favor of autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013 and 2014, thousands of ethnic Hungarians marched for autonomy on 10 March (on the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Freedom_Day" title="Székely Freedom Day">Székely Freedom Day</a>) in <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Mure%C8%99" title="Târgu Mureș">Târgu Mureș</a>, Romania.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 10 March is the anniversary of the execution in Târgu Mureș in 1854, by the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian authorities</a>, of three Székelys who tried to achieve national self-determination.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2015, the Székelys also have the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Autonomy_Day" title="Székely Autonomy Day">Székely Autonomy Day</a>, celebrated every last Sunday of October.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autonomy_for_Sz%C3%A9kely_Land_!_-_2013.10.27_(9).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Autonomy_for_Sz%C3%A9kely_Land_%21_-_2013.10.27_%289%29.JPG/220px-Autonomy_for_Sz%C3%A9kely_Land_%21_-_2013.10.27_%289%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Autonomy_for_Sz%C3%A9kely_Land_%21_-_2013.10.27_%289%29.JPG/330px-Autonomy_for_Sz%C3%A9kely_Land_%21_-_2013.10.27_%289%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Autonomy_for_Sz%C3%A9kely_Land_%21_-_2013.10.27_%289%29.JPG/440px-Autonomy_for_Sz%C3%A9kely_Land_%21_-_2013.10.27_%289%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Demonstration for the Autonomy of Székely Land – 2013, Budapest</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ron_Tam%C3%A1si" title="Áron Tamási">Áron Tamási</a>, a 20th-century Székely writer from <a href="/wiki/Lupeni,_Harghita" title="Lupeni, Harghita">Lupeni, Harghita</a>, wrote many novels about the Székely which set universal stories of love and self-individuation against the backdrop of Székely village culture. Other Székely writers include the folklorist <a href="/wiki/Elek_Benedek" title="Elek Benedek">Elek Benedek</a>, the novelist <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Ny%C3%ADr%C5%91" title="József Nyírő">József Nyírő</a> and the poet <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_K%C3%A1ny%C3%A1di" title="Sándor Kányádi">Sándor Kányádi</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 194px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 192px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg/288px-Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg.png" decoding="async" width="192" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg/432px-Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg/576px-Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 107.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 105.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Szekely_Land.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Coat_of_arms_of_Szekely_Land.svg/158px-Coat_of_arms_of_Szekely_Land.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Coat_of_arms_of_Szekely_Land.svg/236px-Coat_of_arms_of_Szekely_Land.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Coat_of_arms_of_Szekely_Land.svg/315px-Coat_of_arms_of_Szekely_Land.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div> </li> </ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="Flag of the Székelys">flag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="Coat of arms of the Székelys">coat of arms</a> of the Székelys as approved by the <a href="/wiki/Szekler_National_Council" title="Szekler National Council">Szekler National Council</a>, one of the main political organizations of the Székelys.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sun and Moon are the symbols of the Székelys, and are used in the <a href="/wiki/Transylvania#Historical_coat_of_arms_of_Transylvania" title="Transylvania">coat of arms of Transylvania</a> and on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania" title="Coat of arms of Romania">Romanian national coat of arms</a>. The Sun and the Moon, the symbols of the cosmic world, are known from Hungarian grave findings from the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_conquest_of_the_Carpathian_Basin" title="Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin">period of the Hungarian conquest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Hungarians became <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> in the 11th century, the importance of these icons became purely visual and symbolic. The Székelys have succeeded in preserving traditions to an extent unusual even in Central and Eastern Europe. A description of the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Land" title="Székely Land">Székely Land</a> and its traditions was written between 1859 and 1868 by <a href="/wiki/Bal%C3%A1zs_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Balázs Orbán">Balázs Orbán</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelyf%C3%B6ld_le%C3%ADr%C3%A1sa" class="mw-redirect" title="Székelyföld leírása">Description of the Székely Land</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Sz%C3%A9kely_people" title="History of the Székely people">History of the Székely people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugrians">Ugrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Land" title="Székely Land">Székely Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="List of Székelys">List of Székelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sz%C3%A9kely_settlements" title="List of Székely settlements">List of Székely settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szekler_National_Council" title="Szekler National Council">Szekler National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_the_Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="Count of the Székelys">Count of the Székelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys_of_Bukovina" title="Székelys of Bukovina">Székelys of Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugron_de_%C3%81br%C3%A1nfalva" title="Ugron de Ábránfalva">Ugron de Ábránfalva</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">532 of them declared themselves as Székely rather than Hungarian at the 2011 Romanian census.<sup id="cite_ref-insse.ro_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insse.ro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">székelyek</i>; <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">secui</i>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Szekler</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Siculi</i>; <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <span lang="sr">Секељи</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Serbian" title="Romanization of Serbian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Serbian-language romanization"><i lang="sr-Latn">Sekelji</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">Sikuli</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-insse.ro-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-insse.ro_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-insse.ro_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/RPL2002INS/vol4/notavol4.pdf">"Nota metodologica"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Insse.ro<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nota+metodologica&rft.pub=Insse.ro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insse.ro%2Fcms%2Ffiles%2FRPL2002INS%2Fvol4%2Fnotavol4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Archivum Ottomanicum</i>, Volume 20, Mouton, 2002, original from: the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, p. 66, Cited: "A few tens of years ago the Szekler population was estimated at more than 800.000, but now they are probably ca. 500.000 in number."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidjLfX1q3kJzgCpgPA334_334]-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidjLfX1q3kJzgCpgPA334_334]_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEberhardt2003">Eberhardt (2003)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jLfX1q3kJzgC&pg=PA334">334</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Judit Tóth and Endre Sík, "Joining and EU: integration of Hungary or the Hungarians?" In: Willfried Spohn, Anna Triandafyllidou, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gnNs_N3hXbIC"><i>Europeanisation, National Identities and Migration: Changes in Boundary Constructions between Western and Eastern Europe</i></a>, Psychology Press, 2012, p. 228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet1992" class="citation book cs1">Ramet, Sabrina P. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O4GGgAmzl3gC&pg=PA160"><i>Protestantism and politics in eastern Europe and Russia: the communist and postcommunist eras</i></a>. Vol. 3. <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780822312413" title="Special:BookSources/9780822312413"><bdi>9780822312413</bdi></a>. <q>...the Szekler community, now regarded as a subgroup of the Hungarian people.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Protestantism+and+politics+in+eastern+Europe+and+Russia%3A+the+communist+and+postcommunist+eras&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780822312413&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO4GGgAmzl3gC%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStroschein2012" class="citation book cs1">Stroschein, Sherrill (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SC5B3NXPiU4C&pg=PA1"><i>Ethnic Struggle, Coexistence, and Democratization in Eastern Europe</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-00524-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-00524-2"><bdi>978-1-107-00524-2</bdi></a>. <q>Székely, a Hungarian sub-group that is concentrated in the mountainous Hungarian enclave.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Struggle%2C+Coexistence%2C+and+Democratization+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-107-00524-2&rft.aulast=Stroschein&rft.aufirst=Sherrill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSC5B3NXPiU4C%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEberhardt2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEberhardt2003">Eberhardt (2003)</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lexikon.katolikus.hu/S/sz%C3%A9kely%20hat%C3%A1r%C5%91rvid%C3%A9k.html">"székely határőrvidék – Magyar Katolikus Lexikon"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=sz%C3%A9kely+hat%C3%A1r%C5%91rvid%C3%A9k+%E2%80%93+Magyar+Katolikus+Lexikon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flexikon.katolikus.hu%2FS%2Fsz%25C3%25A9kely%2520hat%25C3%25A1r%25C5%2591rvid%25C3%25A9k.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet1997" class="citation book cs1">Ramet, Sabrina P. (1997). "The Hungarians of Transylvania". <i>Whose Democracy?: Nationalism, Religion, and the Doctrine of Collective Rights in Post-1989 Eastern Europe</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">67–</span>69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-8324-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-8324-6"><bdi>978-0-8476-8324-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Hungarians+of+Transylvania&rft.btitle=Whose+Democracy%3F%3A+Nationalism%2C+Religion%2C+and+the+Doctrine+of+Collective+Rights+in+Post-1989+Eastern+Europe&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E67-%3C%2Fspan%3E69&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8476-8324-6&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/579333/Szekler">"Szekler people"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Szekler+people&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F579333%2FSzekler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Columbia-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Szekely.html">"Székely"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Encyclopedia" title="Columbia Encyclopedia">Columbia Encyclopedia</a></i>. 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sz%C3%A9kely&rft.btitle=Columbia+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fdoc%2F1E1-Szekely.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/REZULTATE-DEFINITIVE-RPL_2011.pdf">Romanian Population census of 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130717125951/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/REZULTATE-DEFINITIVE-RPL_2011.pdf">Archived</a> 17 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span>  – recensamant 2002 --> rezultate --> 4. Populatia Dupa Etnie</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/86885327/CESCH-Recensamant-Populatie-2011-CV-Hr">"CESCH- Recensamant Populatie 2011 CV Hr"</a>. Scribd.com. 27 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CESCH-+Recensamant+Populatie+2011+CV+Hr&rft.pub=Scribd.com&rft.date=2012-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F86885327%2FCESCH-Recensamant-Populatie-2011-CV-Hr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mek.niif.hu/03400/03407/html/71.html">"The Székelys in Transylvania"</a>. Mek.niif.hu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sz%C3%A9kelys+in+Transylvania&rft.pub=Mek.niif.hu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmek.niif.hu%2F03400%2F03407%2Fhtml%2F71.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCsukovits2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Csukovits, Enikő (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epa.oszk.hu/00900/00979/00307/pdf/006.pdf"><i>Késő középkori leírások Erdély-képe</i></a> [<i>Image of Transylvania in late medieval descriptions</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Hungarian). <q>Hungari et Siculi eadem lingua utuntur, nisi quod Siculi quaendam peculiaria gentis suae habeant vocabula</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%C3%A9s%C5%91+k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori+le%C3%ADr%C3%A1sok+Erd%C3%A9ly-k%C3%A9pe&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Csukovits&rft.aufirst=Enik%C5%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepa.oszk.hu%2F00900%2F00979%2F00307%2Fpdf%2F006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:14_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlahus" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Olahus, Nicolaus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mek.oszk.hu/20200/20285/20285.pdf"><i>Hungaria et Athila</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Latin).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hungaria+et+Athila&rft.aulast=Olahus&rft.aufirst=Nicolaus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmek.oszk.hu%2F20200%2F20285%2F20285.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:15_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzigethy2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Szigethy, Gábor (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mek.niif.hu/06000/06072/html/gmolah0003.html"><i>Oláh Miklós: Hungária</i></a> (in Hungarian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ol%C3%A1h+Mikl%C3%B3s%3A+Hung%C3%A1ria&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Szigethy&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A1bor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmek.niif.hu%2F06000%2F06072%2Fhtml%2Fgmolah0003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMakkai2001">Makkai (2001)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrook2006" class="citation book cs1">Brook, Kevin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hEuIveNl9kcC&pg=PA170"><i>Jews of Khazaria</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-0302-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-0302-0"><bdi>978-1-4422-0302-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews+of+Khazaria&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-0302-0&rft.aulast=Brook&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhEuIveNl9kcC%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mek.oszk.hu/02200/02249/02249.htm">"KÉZAI SIMON MESTER MAGYAR KRÓNIKÁJA"</a>. <i>mek.oszk.hu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mek.oszk.hu&rft.atitle=K%C3%89ZAI+SIMON+MESTER+MAGYAR+KR%C3%93NIK%C3%81JA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmek.oszk.hu%2F02200%2F02249%2F02249.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mek.oszk.hu/10600/10642/10642.htm"><i>Mark of Kalt: Chronicon Pictum</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EDRC-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EDRC_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EDRC_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EDRC_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EDRC_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EDRC_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cathy O'Grady, Zoltán Kántor and Daniela Tarnovschi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edrc.ro/resurse/rapoarte/Hungarians_of_Romania.pdf">Hungarians of Romania</a>, In: Panayote Dimitras (editor), Center for Documentation and Information on Minorities in Europe — Southeast Europe (CEDIME-SE) Minorities in Southeast Europe, Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center, 2001, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAydemir2019" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Aydemir, Hakan (15–16 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arpad.abtk.hu/en/repository/hadak-utjan-2/01-aydemir">"A székely eredetkérdés megoldása"</a> [Solution of the Szekely origin question)]. <i>A népvándorláskor kutatóinak XXIX. Konferenciája (29th Conference of scholars on the Migration Period)</i> (in Hungarian). Budapest.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+n%C3%A9pv%C3%A1ndorl%C3%A1skor+kutat%C3%B3inak+XXIX.+Konferenci%C3%A1ja+%2829th+Conference+of+scholars+on+the+Migration+Period%29&rft.atitle=A+sz%C3%A9kely+eredetk%C3%A9rd%C3%A9s+megold%C3%A1sa&rft.date=2019-11-15%2F2019-11-16&rft.aulast=Aydemir&rft.aufirst=Hakan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farpad.abtk.hu%2Fen%2Frepository%2Fhadak-utjan-2%2F01-aydemir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeszi2024" class="citation journal cs1">Keszi, Tamás (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/122314563">"An Alternative Proposal Explaining the Origin of the Word and Social Group 'Székely'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Historical Studies on Central Europe</i>. <b>4</b> (1). Eötvös Loránd University: <span class="nowrap">192–</span>216. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.47074%2FHSCE.2024-1.11">10.47074/HSCE.2024-1.11</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10831%2F111365">10831/111365</a></span> – via Academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Studies+on+Central+Europe&rft.atitle=An+Alternative+Proposal+Explaining+the+Origin+of+the+Word+and+Social+Group+%27Sz%C3%A9kely%27&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E192-%3C%2Fspan%3E216&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10831%2F111365&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.47074%2FHSCE.2024-1.11&rft.aulast=Keszi&rft.aufirst=Tam%C3%A1s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F122314563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001415–416-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001415–416_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001415–416_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001415–416_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMakkai2001415–416_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMakkai2001">Makkai (2001)</a>, pp. 415–416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrett_Hellenthal2014" class="citation journal cs1">Garrett Hellenthal; et al. (14 February 2014). "A Genetic Atlas of Human Admixture History". <i>Science</i>. <b>343</b> (6172): 751 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4209567/figure/F3/">Fig.3.</a>). <q>CIs. for the admixture time(s) overlap but predate the Mongol empire, with estimates from 440 to 1080 CE. In each population, one source group has at least some ancestry related to Northeast Asians, with ~2 to 4% of these groups total ancestry linking directly to East Asia. This signal might correspond to a small genetic legacy from invasions of peoples from the Asian steppes (e.g., the Huns, Avesta, Magyars, and Bulgars) during the first millennium CE.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=A+Genetic+Atlas+of+Human+Admixture+History&rft.volume=343&rft.issue=6172&rft.pages=751+%28Fig.3.%29&rft.date=2014-02-14&rft.au=Garrett+Hellenthal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-csanyi-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-csanyi_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-csanyi_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCsányiBogácsi-SzabóTömöryCzibula2008" class="citation journal cs1">Csányi B, Bogácsi-Szabó E, Tömöry G, Czibula Á, et al. (July 2008). "Y-Chromosome Analysis of Ancient Hungarian and Two Modern Hungarian-Speaking Populations from the Carpathian Basin". <i>Annals of Human Genetics</i>. <b>72</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">519–</span>534. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-1809.2008.00440.x">10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00440.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18373723">18373723</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13217908">13217908</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Y-Chromosome+Analysis+of+Ancient+Hungarian+and+Two+Modern+Hungarian-Speaking+Populations+from+the+Carpathian+Basin&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E519-%3C%2Fspan%3E534&rft.date=2008-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13217908%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18373723&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-1809.2008.00440.x&rft.aulast=Cs%C3%A1nyi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Bog%C3%A1csi-Szab%C3%B3%2C+E&rft.au=T%C3%B6m%C3%B6ry%2C+G&rft.au=Czibula%2C+%C3%81&rft.au=Priskin%2C+K&rft.au=Cs%C3%B5sz%2C+A&rft.au=Mende%2C+B&rft.au=Lang%C3%B3%2C+P&rft.au=Csete%2C+K&rft.au=Zsolnai%2C+A&rft.au=Conant%2C+EK&rft.au=Downes%2C+CS&rft.au=Rask%C3%B3%2C+I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeminoPassarinoOefnerLin2000" class="citation journal cs1">Semino O, Passarino G, Oefner PJ, Lin AA, et al. (2000). "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic <i>Homo sapiens sapiens</i> in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective". <i>Science</i>. <b>290</b> (5494): <span class="nowrap">1155–</span>1159. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Sci...290.1155S">2000Sci...290.1155S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.290.5494.1155">10.1126/science.290.5494.1155</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11073453">11073453</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+Genetic+Legacy+of+Paleolithic+Homo+sapiens+sapiens+in+Extant+Europeans%3A+A+Y+Chromosome+Perspective&rft.volume=290&rft.issue=5494&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1155-%3C%2Fspan%3E1159&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11073453&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.290.5494.1155&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000Sci...290.1155S&rft.aulast=Semino&rft.aufirst=O&rft.au=Passarino%2C+G&rft.au=Oefner%2C+PJ&rft.au=Lin%2C+AA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrás_BíróTibor_FehérGusztáv_BárányHorolma_Pamjav2014" class="citation journal cs1">András Bíró; Tibor Fehér; Gusztáv Bárány; Horolma Pamjav (November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268689832">"Testing Central and Inner Asian admixture among contemporary Hungarians"</a>. <i>Forensic Science International: Genetics</i>. <b>15</b>: <span class="nowrap">121–</span>126. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fsigen.2014.11.007">10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.11.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25468443">25468443</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forensic+Science+International%3A+Genetics&rft.atitle=Testing+Central+and+Inner+Asian+admixture+among+contemporary+Hungarians&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E126&rft.date=2014-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fsigen.2014.11.007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25468443&rft.au=Andr%C3%A1s+B%C3%ADr%C3%B3&rft.au=Tibor+Feh%C3%A9r&rft.au=Guszt%C3%A1v+B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny&rft.au=Horolma+Pamjav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F268689832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFehérNémethVándorKornienko2015" class="citation journal cs1">Fehér, T.; Németh, E.; Vándor, A.; Kornienko, I. V.; Csáji, L. K.; Pamjav, H. (1 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-014-0925-2">"Y-SNP L1034: limited genetic link between Mansi and Hungarian-speaking populations"</a>. <i>Molecular Genetics and Genomics</i>. <b>290</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">377–</span>386. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00438-014-0925-2">10.1007/s00438-014-0925-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1617-4623">1617-4623</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25258186">25258186</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Genetics+and+Genomics&rft.atitle=Y-SNP+L1034%3A+limited+genetic+link+between+Mansi+and+Hungarian-speaking+populations&rft.volume=290&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E377-%3C%2Fspan%3E386&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.issn=1617-4623&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25258186&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00438-014-0925-2&rft.aulast=Feh%C3%A9r&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=N%C3%A9meth%2C+E.&rft.au=V%C3%A1ndor%2C+A.&rft.au=Kornienko%2C+I.+V.&rft.au=Cs%C3%A1ji%2C+L.+K.&rft.au=Pamjav%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs00438-014-0925-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStroschein2012" class="citation book cs1">Stroschein, Sherrill (2012). <i>The Realm of St Stephen</i>. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-00524-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-00524-2"><bdi>978-1-107-00524-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Realm+of+St+Stephen&rft.place=London&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-107-00524-2&rft.aulast=Stroschein&rft.aufirst=Sherrill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gandul.info/2006-05-27/politic/romaniei_ii_este_aplicabil">României îi este aplicabil modelul de autonomie al Cataloniei</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060528043717/http://www.gandul.info/2006-05-27/politic/romaniei_ii_este_aplicabil">Archived</a> 28 May 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<i>The Catalan autonomy model is applicable in Romania</i>), <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2ndul" title="Gândul">Gândul</a></i>, 27 May 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hunsor.se/avitus/szekelymanifest060316.htm">"HUNSOR ~ Hungarian Swedish Online Resources"</a>. Hunsor.se<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HUNSOR+~+Hungarian+Swedish+Online+Resources&rft.pub=Hunsor.se&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hunsor.se%2Favitus%2Fszekelymanifest060316.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130310/thousands-ethnic-hungarians-march-autonomy-romania">"Global post"</a>. <i>GlobalPost</i>. MTI. 10 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GlobalPost&rft.atitle=Global+post&rft.date=2013-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpost.com%2Fdispatch%2Fnews%2Fafp%2F130310%2Fthousands-ethnic-hungarians-march-autonomy-romania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140314000414/http://www.politics.hu/20130311/synchronized-demonstrations-for-autonomy-of-szekely-land-take-place-in-europe-america/">"All Hungary Media Group"</a>. Hunsor.se. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politics.hu/20130311/synchronized-demonstrations-for-autonomy-of-szekely-land-take-place-in-europe-america/">the original</a> on 14 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Hungary+Media+Group&rft.pub=Hunsor.se&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politics.hu%2F20130311%2Fsynchronized-demonstrations-for-autonomy-of-szekely-land-take-place-in-europe-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzoó2020" class="citation news cs1">Szoó, Attila (26 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://transylvanianow.com/brussels-should-pay-attention-to-the-szeklers-day-of-szekler-autonomy/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Brussels should pay attention to the Szeklers" – Day of Szekler Autonomy"</a>. <i>Transylvania Now</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transylvania+Now&rft.atitle=%22Brussels+should+pay+attention+to+the+Szeklers%22+%E2%80%93+Day+of+Szekler+Autonomy&rft.date=2020-10-26&rft.aulast=Szo%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Attila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftransylvanianow.com%2Fbrussels-should-pay-attention-to-the-szeklers-day-of-szekler-autonomy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081228020954/http://www.sznt.ro/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=21&lang=en">"The symbols of Szekler National Council | SZNC - Szekler National Council"</a>. Sznt.ro. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sznt.ro/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=21&lang=en">the original</a> on 28 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+symbols+of+Szekler+National+Council+%26%23124%3B+SZNC+-+Szekler+National+Council&rft.pub=Sznt.ro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sznt.ro%2Fen%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D84%26Itemid%3D21%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">András Róna-Tas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I-RTt0Q6AcYC"><i>Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_European_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Central European University Press">Central European University Press</a>, 1999, p. 366</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEberhardt2003" class="citation book cs1">Eberhardt, Piotr (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jLfX1q3kJzgC&pg=PA1"><i>Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe</i></a>. Armonk, NY and London, England: M. E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0665-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0665-5"><bdi>978-0-7656-0665-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+and+Population+Changes+in+Twentieth-century+Central-Eastern+Europe&rft.place=Armonk%2C+NY+and+London%2C+England&rft.pub=M.+E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-0665-5&rft.aulast=Eberhardt&rft.aufirst=Piotr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjLfX1q3kJzgC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Köpeczi, Béla, ed. (2001–2002). <i>History of Transylvania</i>. Boulder, CO; Highland Lakes, NJ: Social Science Monographs; Atlantic Research and Publications. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2001131858">2001131858</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/469634201">469634201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Transylvania&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO%3B+Highland+Lakes%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Social+Science+Monographs%3B+Atlantic+Research+and+Publications&rft.date=2001%2F2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F469634201&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2001131858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span> Co-published with the Hungarian Research Institute of Canada. Distributed by <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>, New York. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakkaiMócsySzász2001" class="citation book cs1">Makkai, László; Mócsy, András; Szász, Zoltán, eds. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mek.niif.hu/03400/03407/html/1.html"><i>From the Beginnings to 1606</i></a>. Vol. 1. Boulder, CO: Social Science Monographs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-479-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-479-2"><bdi>978-0-88033-479-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/422798284">422798284</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Beginnings+to+1606&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft.pub=Social+Science+Monographs&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F422798284&rft.isbn=978-0-88033-479-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmek.niif.hu%2F03400%2F03407%2Fhtml%2F1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span id="CITEREFMakkai2001" class="citation">Makkai, László. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mek.niif.hu/03400/03407/html/82.html">The Three Feudal 'Nations' and the Ottoman Threat</a>". In <a href="#CITEREFMakkaiMócsySzász2001">Makkai, Mócsy & Szász (2001)</a>.</span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>From 1606 to 1830</i>. Vol. 2. 2002b. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-491-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-491-4"><bdi>978-0-88033-491-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51194226">51194226</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+1606+to+1830&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51194226&rft.isbn=978-0-88033-491-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>From 1830 to 1919</i>. Vol. 3. 2002c. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-497-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-497-6"><bdi>978-0-88033-497-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51194272">51194272</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+1830+to+1919&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51194272&rft.isbn=978-0-88033-497-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span id="CITEREFMakkai2001x" class="citation">Makkai, László (2001x). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mek.niif.hu/03400/03407/html/57.html">Transylvania in the medieval Hungarian kingdom (896–1526)</a>". In <a href="#CITEREFMakkaiMócsySzász2001">Makkai, Mócsy & Szász (2001)</a>.</span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Szeklers"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Szeklers">"Szeklers" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 320.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Szeklers&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=320&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASz%C3%A9kelys" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080402050534/http://lgi.osi.hu/documents.php?id=1098">"Minority Cultures: The Szeklers Tortured History"</a></li> <li>Ioan Aurel Pop, "The Ethno-Confessional Structure of Medieval Transylvania and Hungary". Cluj Napoca, 1994 (<i>Bulletin of the Center for Transylvanian Studies</i>, vol. III, number 4, July 1994)</li></ul> <p><b>Hungarian:</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adatbank.transindex.ro/cedula.php?kod=60">Székely history until 1848</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://m.nyest.hu/media/a-szekely-minta-genetikai-tavolsaga-a-tobbi-etnikai-csoporttol-es-mas-neessegektol.jpg?large">[1]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www2.sci.u-szeged.hu/fokozatok/PDF/Kovacsne_Csanyi_Bernadett/PhDertekezes_CsanyiB.pdf">http://www2.sci.u-szeged.hu/fokozatok/PDF/Kovacsne_Csanyi_Bernadett/PhDertekezes_CsanyiB.pdf</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sz%C3%A9kelys" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Székelys">Székelys</a></span>.</div></div> </div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Romania387" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Romania" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Romania387" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Romania">Ethnic groups in Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dominant group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> (16,792,868)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_ethnic_minority_parties" title="Romanian ethnic minority parties">Officially recognised minorities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Hungarians in Romania">Hungarians</a> (1,227,623)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Romania" title="Romani people in Romania">Romani</a> (621,573)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_of_Romania" title="Ukrainians of Romania">Ukrainians</a> (50,920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Romania" title="Germans of Romania">Germans</a> (36,042)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Turks</a> (27,698)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipovans" title="Lipovans">Lipovans</a> (23,487)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Romania" title="Tatars of Romania">Tatars</a> (divided into <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a>) (20,282)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Romania" title="Serbs of Romania">Serbs</a> (18,076)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovaks_of_Romania" title="Slovaks of Romania">Slovaks</a> (13,654)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Romania" title="Bulgarians in Romania">Bulgarians</a> (7,336)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croats_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Croats of Romania">Croats</a> (5,408)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Romania" title="Greeks in Romania">Greeks</a> (3,668)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Jews</a> (3,271)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Romania" title="Italians in Romania">Italians</a> (3,203)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Romania" title="Poles in Romania">Poles</a> (2,543)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechs_of_Romania" title="Czechs of Romania">Czechs</a> (2,477)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_of_Romania" title="Armenians of Romania">Armenians</a> (1,361)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_of_Romania" title="Macedonians of Romania">Macedonians</a> (1,264)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians of Romania">Albanians</a> (520)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusyns_of_Romania" title="Rusyns of Romania">Rusyns</a> (262)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Romania" title="Minorities in Romania">Non-recognized minorities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanians_in_Romania" title="Aromanians in Romania">Aromanians</a> (26,500)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutsuls" title="Hutsuls">Hutsuls</a>* (self-declared, 3,890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cs%C3%A1ng%C3%B3s" title="Csángós">Csángós</a>* (self-declared, 1,536)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanians" title="Megleno-Romanians">Megleno-Romanians</a> (1,200–2,000)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Székelys</a>* (self-declared, 532)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krashovani" title="Krashovani">Krashovani</a>* (self-declared, 207)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a> (175)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a> (5)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Romania" title="Circassians in Romania">Circassians</a> (approximately 10,000 in the mid-19th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellah#In_Dobruja" title="Fellah">Dobrujan Arabs</a> (145 in 1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Romania" title="Immigration to Romania">Immigrant groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovans_in_Romania" title="Moldovans in Romania">Citizens of the Republic of Moldova</a> (177,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Romania" title="Arabs in Romania">Arabs</a> (5,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_diaspora" title="Afghan diaspora">Afghans</a> (2,384)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_of_Romania" title="Chinese of Romania">Chinese</a> (2,243)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indians</a> (1,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipinos</a> (800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Romanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Romanian">Africans</a> (700)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> (700)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_Romania" title="Iranians in Romania">Iranians</a> (610)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurds in Romania">Kurds</a> (500)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicans" title="Mexicans">Mexicans</a> (224)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshis_in_Romania" title="Bangladeshis in Romania">Bangladeshis</a> (100)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>* = Subgroups of officially recognized ethnicities that are not treated by the Romanian authorities as separate minorities.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hungarian_diaspora49" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hungarian_diaspora" title="Template:Hungarian diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hungarian_diaspora" title="Template talk:Hungarian diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hungarian_diaspora49" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_diaspora" title="Hungarian diaspora">Hungarian diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magyarab_people" title="Magyarab people">Magyarab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Austria" title="Hungarians in Austria">Austria</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungarians_in_Vienna" title="History of Hungarians in Vienna">Vienna</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarians of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Finland" title="Hungarians in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarians in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Germany" title="Hungarians in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarians in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarians in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Poland" title="Hungarians in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Hungarians in Romania">Romania</a> <small>(incl. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Transylvanian Székelys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cs%C3%A1ng%C3%B3s" title="Csángós">Csángós</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys_of_Bukovina" title="Székelys of Bukovina">Bukovinian Székelys</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Serbia" title="Hungarians in Serbia">Serbia</a> <small>(incl. <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys_of_Bukovina" title="Székelys of Bukovina">Bukovinian Székelys</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Slovakia" title="Hungarians in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarians in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Ukraine" title="Hungarians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hungarians in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Argentines" title="Hungarian Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Brazilians" title="Hungarian Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Canadians" title="Hungarian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Chile" title="Hungarians in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_h%C3%BAngara_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración húngara en Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Mexicans" title="Hungarian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_h%C3%BAngara_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración húngara en Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Americans" title="Hungarian Americans">United States</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungarian_Americans_in_Metro_Detroit" title="History of Hungarian Americans in Metro Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Ohioans" title="Hungarian Ohioans">Ohio</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Uruguayans" title="Hungarian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarians in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Australians" title="Hungarian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_New_Zealanders" title="Hungarian New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Peoples_speaking_Uralic_languages183" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Finno-Ugric_peoples" title="Template:Finno-Ugric peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Finno-Ugric_peoples" title="Template talk:Finno-Ugric peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Finno-Ugric_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Finno-Ugric peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Peoples_speaking_Uralic_languages183" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Peoples speaking <a href="/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Finnic_peoples" title="Baltic Finnic peoples">Baltic Finns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bjarmians" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjarmians">Bjarmians</a></i> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Setos" title="Setos">Setos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ros" title="Võros">Võros</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">Finns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Finns" title="Forest Finns">Forest Finns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrian_Finns" title="Ingrian Finns">Ingrian Finns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kven_people" title="Kven people">Kvens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornedalians" title="Tornedalians">Tornedalians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhorians" title="Izhorians">Izhorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelians" title="Karelians">Karelians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tver_Karelians" title="Tver Karelians">Tver Karelians</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Livonians" title="Livonians">Livonians</a></i> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vepsians" title="Vepsians">Vepsians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votians" title="Votians">Votes</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kreevins" title="Kreevins">Kreevins</a></i> †</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chud" title="Chud">Chuds</a></i> † <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Volkhov_Chudes" title="Volkhov Chudes">Volkhov Chudes</a></i> †</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Sámi peoples">Sámi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_people" title="Inari Sámi people">Inari Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildin_S%C3%A1mi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kildin Sámi">Kildin Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lule_S%C3%A1mi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lule Sámi">Lule Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pite_S%C3%A1mi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pite Sámi">Pite Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skolts" title="Skolts">Skolt Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Southern Sámi">Southern Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ter_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ter Sámi">Ter Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ume_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ume Sámi">Ume Sámi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volga_Finns" title="Volga Finns">Volga Finns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mari_people" title="Mari people">Mari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meadow_Mari_people" title="Meadow Mari people">Meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Mari_people" title="Hill Mari people">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mari_people" title="Eastern Mari people">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordvins" title="Mordvins">Mordvins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzyas" title="Erzyas">Erzyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokshas" title="Mokshas">Mokshas</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meryans" title="Meryans">Meryans</a></i> †</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meshchera" class="mw-redirect" title="Meshchera">Meshchera</a></i> †</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muromians" class="mw-redirect" title="Muromians">Muroma</a></i> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Permians" title="Permians">Permians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komi_peoples" title="Komi peoples">Komi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Izhma_Komi" title="Izhma Komi">Izhma Komi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurts" title="Udmurts">Udmurts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besermyan" title="Besermyan">Besermans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ob-Ugrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ob-Ugrians">Ob-Ugrians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khanty" title="Khanty">Khanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansi_people" title="Mansi people">Mansi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cs%C3%A1ng%C3%B3s" title="Csángós">Csángós</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Székelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyarabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyarabs">Magyarabs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Samoyedic_peoples" title="Samoyedic peoples">Samoyeds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nenets_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nenets people">Nenets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enets_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Enets people">Enets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nganasan_people" title="Nganasan people">Nganasans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selkup_people" title="Selkup people">Selkups</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamasins" title="Kamasins">Kamasins</a></i> †</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yurats" class="mw-redirect" title="Yurats">Yurats</a></i> †</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mators&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mators (page does not exist)">Mators</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Маторцы">ru</a>]</span></i> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Székelys&oldid=1276759567">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Székelys&oldid=1276759567</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_minorities_in_Europe" title="Category:Hungarian minorities in Europe">Hungarian minorities in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Romania" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Romania">Ethnic groups in Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="Category:Székelys">Székelys</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hungarian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hungarian-language text">Articles containing Hungarian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Romanian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Romanian-language text">Articles containing Romanian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Serbian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Serbian-language text">Articles containing Serbian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Slovak-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Slovak-language text">Articles containing Slovak-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2024">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Romanian-language_sources_(ro)" title="Category:Articles with Romanian-language sources (ro)">Articles with Romanian-language sources (ro)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hungarian-language_sources_(hu)" title="Category:CS1 Hungarian-language sources (hu)">CS1 Hungarian-language sources (hu)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Latin-language_sources_(la)" title="Category:CS1 Latin-language sources (la)">CS1 Latin-language sources (la)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2020">Use dmy dates from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_covered_by_WikiProject_Wikify_from_July_2024" title="Category:Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from July 2024">Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_footnote_reformatting" title="Category:Articles needing footnote reformatting">Articles needing footnote reformatting</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_covered_by_WikiProject_Wikify" title="Category:All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify">All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%22Related_ethnic_groups%22_needing_confirmation" title="Category:"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation">"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_infobox_ethnic_group_with_image_parameters" title="Category:Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters">Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Hungarian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Hungarian IPA">Pages with Hungarian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_January_2022" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2022">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 February 2025, at 15:50<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9kelys&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Székelys</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>52 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-nxq5w","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.897","walltime":"1.116","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5985,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":131419,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9380,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":165064,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1013.736 1 -total"," 22.33% 226.404 2 Template:Reflist"," 11.79% 119.517 3 Template:Navbox"," 10.65% 107.968 1 Template:IPA"," 10.61% 107.560 1 Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Romania"," 10.56% 107.062 8 Template:Sfnp"," 9.20% 93.242 9 Template:Cite_web"," 9.14% 92.647 1 Template:Infobox_ethnic_group"," 8.00% 81.119 2 Template:Short_description"," 7.05% 71.486 13 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.578","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17512127,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAndrás_BíróTibor_FehérGusztáv_BárányHorolma_Pamjav2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAydemir2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrook2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCsukovits2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCsányiBogácsi-SzabóTömöryCzibula_Á2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEberhardt2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFehérNémethVándorKornienko2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarrett_Hellenthal2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeszi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMakkai2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMakkai2001x\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMakkaiMócsySzász2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlahus\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamet1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamet1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeminoPassarinoOefnerLin2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStroschein2012\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSzigethy2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSzoó2020\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 9,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Szekely\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"Ethnic groups in Romania\"] = 1,\n [\"Format citations\"] = 1,\n [\"Google books\"] = 6,\n [\"Harvc\"] = 2,\n [\"Hungarian diaspora\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"In lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox ethnic group\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 6,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Pn\"] = 2,\n [\"Quote\"] = 2,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Script\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 8,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Uralic peoples\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"Why?\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5b756d7cf8-4j5rp","timestamp":"20250220155032","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sz\u00e9kelys","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sz%C3%A9kelys","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q147540","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q147540","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-12-30T05:19:39Z","dateModified":"2025-02-20T15:50:25Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c4\/Flag_of_Szekely_Land.svg","headline":"ethnic group"}</script> </body> </html>