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<button aria-controls="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Filmography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Box_office_ranking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Box_office_ranking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Box office ranking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Box_office_ranking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Discography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spin-offs" 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id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88" title="أبوت وكوستيلو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبوت وكوستيلو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello" title="Abbott and Costello – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Abbott and Costello" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88" title="ابوت و کاستلو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ابوت و کاستلو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_a_Costello" title="Abbott a Costello – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Abbott a Costello" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_und_Costello" title="Abbott und Costello – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abbott und Costello" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%84_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Άμποτ και Κοστέλο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άμποτ και Κοστέλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianni_e_Pinotto" title="Gianni e Pinotto – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Gianni e Pinotto" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_y_Costello" title="Abbott y Costello – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abbott y Costello" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_kaj_Costello" title="Abbott kaj Costello – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abbott kaj Costello" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88" title="ابوت و کاستلو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابوت و کاستلو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_et_Costello" title="Abbott et Costello – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abbott et Costello" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_e_Costello" title="Abbott e Costello – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Abbott e Costello" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EB%B2%97%EA%B3%BC_%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%94%EB%A1%9C" title="애벗과 코스텔로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="애벗과 코스텔로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%A2%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%A9_%D6%87_%D5%94%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%B8" title="Էբբոթ և Քոսթելլո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էբբոթ և Քոսթելլո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_dan_Costello" title="Abbott dan Costello – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abbott dan Costello" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianni_e_Pinotto" title="Gianni e Pinotto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gianni e Pinotto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%95" title="אבוט וקוסטלו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבוט וקוסטלו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="ებოტი და კოსტელო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ებოტი და კოსტელო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_%C3%A9s_Costello" title="Abbott és Costello – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Abbott és Costello" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88" title="ابوت وكوستيلو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابوت وكوستيلو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_en_Costello" title="Abbott en Costello – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abbott en Costello" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9C%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%81%A8%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%AD" title="アボットとコステロ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アボットとコステロ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_og_Costello" title="Abbott og Costello – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abbott og Costello" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_i_Costello" title="Abbott i Costello – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abbott i Costello" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_%26_Costello" title="Abbott & Costello – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abbott & Costello" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_%C8%99i_Costello" title="Abbott și Costello – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abbott și Costello" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Эбботт и Костелло – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эбботт и Костелло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello" title="Abbott and Costello – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Abbott and Costello" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_i_Costello" title="Abbott i Costello – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Abbott i Costello" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_ja_Costello" title="Abbott ja Costello – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abbott ja Costello" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_och_Costello" title="Abbott och Costello – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Abbott och Costello" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_ve_Costello" title="Abbott ve Costello – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Abbott ve Costello" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23679#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is missing information</b> about the team's history (including their beginnings, success, and split), and their legacy/influence.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Abbott_and_Costello" title="Talk:Abbott and Costello">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn"><span class="fn">Abbott and Costello</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbott_and_Costello_circa_1940s.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Abbott_and_Costello_circa_1940s.JPG/220px-Abbott_and_Costello_circa_1940s.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Abbott_and_Costello_circa_1940s.JPG/330px-Abbott_and_Costello_circa_1940s.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Abbott_and_Costello_circa_1940s.JPG/440px-Abbott_and_Costello_circa_1940s.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1327" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Abbott (left) and Costello (right) circa 1940s</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="How this comedian performs, e.g. stand-up comedy, film or television actor, etc.">Medium</span></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque">Burlesque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a>, film, radio, television</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1935–1957</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Comedic_genres" title="Comedic genres">Genres</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Word_play" title="Word play">Word play</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physical_comedy" title="Physical comedy">physical comedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surreal_humour" title="Surreal humour">surreal humour</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abbott and Costello</b> were an American <a href="/wiki/Double_act" title="Double act">comedy duo</a> composed of comedians <a href="/wiki/Bud_Abbott" title="Bud Abbott">Bud Abbott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lou_Costello" title="Lou Costello">Lou Costello</a>, whose work in radio, film, and television made them the most popular comedy team of the 1940s and 1950s, and the highest-paid entertainers in the world during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. Their patter routine "<a href="/wiki/Who%27s_on_First%3F" title="Who's on First?">Who's on First?</a>" is considered one of the greatest comedy routines of all time,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a version of which appears in their 1945 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Naughty_Nineties" title="The Naughty Nineties">The Naughty Nineties</a></i>. </p><p>Abbott and Costello made their film debut in the 1940 comedy <i><a href="/wiki/One_Night_in_the_Tropics" title="One Night in the Tropics">One Night in the Tropics</a></i>. The following year, they appeared in three war-themed comedies: <i><a href="/wiki/Buck_Privates" title="Buck Privates">Buck Privates</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Navy_(film)" title="In the Navy (film)">In the Navy</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Keep_%27Em_Flying" title="Keep 'Em Flying">Keep 'Em Flying</a></i>. They also appeared in the 1941 <a href="/wiki/Horror_comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Horror comedy">horror comedy</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Hold_That_Ghost" title="Hold That Ghost">Hold That Ghost</a></i>, and went on to appear in several other horror comedies, including <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Frankenstein" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein">Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein</a></i> (1948), <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Killer,_Boris_Karloff" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer, Boris Karloff">Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer, Boris Karloff</a></i> (1949), <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Invisible_Man" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man">Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man</a></i> (1951), <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Dr._Jekyll_and_Mr._Hyde" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde">Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde</a></i> (1953), and <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Mummy" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy">Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy</a></i> (1955). Other films starring the duo include <i><a href="/wiki/Pardon_My_Sarong" title="Pardon My Sarong">Pardon My Sarong</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Done_It%3F_(1942_film)" title="Who Done It? (1942 film)">Who Done It?</a></i> (both 1942), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Time_of_Their_Lives" title="The Time of Their Lives">The Time of Their Lives</a></i> (1946), <i><a href="/wiki/Buck_Privates_Come_Home" title="Buck Privates Come Home">Buck Privates Come Home</a></i> (1947), <i><a href="/wiki/Africa_Screams" title="Africa Screams">Africa Screams</a></i> (1949), and <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Go_to_Mars" title="Abbott and Costello Go to Mars">Abbott and Costello Go to Mars</a></i> (1953). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burlesque">Burlesque</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Burlesque"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two comedians had crossed paths a few times previously, but first worked together in 1935 at the <a href="/wiki/Eltinge_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Eltinge Theatre">Eltinge Burlesque Theater</a> on <a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd Street</a> in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-Hollywood_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hollywood-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their first performance resulted from Costello's regular partner becoming ill, and Abbott substituting for him.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other performers in the show, including Abbott's wife, encouraged a permanent pairing. The duo built an act by refining and reworking numerous burlesque sketches with Abbott as the devious <a href="/wiki/Straight_man" title="Straight man">straight man</a> and Costello as the dimwitted comic. </p><p>Decades later, when <a href="/wiki/AMC_Theatres" title="AMC Theatres">AMC</a> moved the old theater 168 feet (51 metres) further west on 42nd Street to its current location, giant balloons of Abbott and Costello were rigged to appear to pull it.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radio">Radio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbott,_Costello_and_Carmen_Miranda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Abbott%2C_Costello_and_Carmen_Miranda.jpg/220px-Abbott%2C_Costello_and_Carmen_Miranda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Abbott%2C_Costello_and_Carmen_Miranda.jpg/330px-Abbott%2C_Costello_and_Carmen_Miranda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Abbott%2C_Costello_and_Carmen_Miranda.jpg/440px-Abbott%2C_Costello_and_Carmen_Miranda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Miranda" title="Carmen Miranda">Carmen Miranda</a>, <i>The Streets of Paris</i>, in 1939.</figcaption></figure> <p>The team's first known radio broadcast was on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kate_Smith_Hour" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kate Smith Hour">The Kate Smith Hour</a></i> on February 3, 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first, the similarities between their voices made it difficult for radio listeners (as opposed to stage audiences) to tell them apart during their rapid-fire <a href="/wiki/Repartee" class="mw-redirect" title="Repartee">repartee</a>. As a result, Costello affected a high-pitched, childish voice. "<a href="/wiki/Who%27s_on_First%3F" title="Who's on First?">Who's on First?</a>" was first performed for a national radio audience the following month.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They performed on the program as regulars for two years, while also landing roles in a Broadway revue, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Streets_of_Paris" title="The Streets of Paris">The Streets of Paris</a></i>, in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbott_and_Costello_1950s.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Abbott_and_Costello_1950s.JPG/220px-Abbott_and_Costello_1950s.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Abbott_and_Costello_1950s.JPG/330px-Abbott_and_Costello_1950s.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Abbott_and_Costello_1950s.JPG/440px-Abbott_and_Costello_1950s.JPG 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="919" /></a><figcaption>Abbott and Costello on radio (note Abbott without toupee normally worn in films)</figcaption></figure> <p>After debuting their own program, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Abbott_and_Costello_Show_(radio_program)" title="The Abbott and Costello Show (radio program)">The Abbott and Costello Show</a></i>, as <a href="/wiki/Fred_Allen" title="Fred Allen">Fred Allen</a>'s summer replacement in 1940,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abbott and Costello joined <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bergen" title="Edgar Bergen">Edgar Bergen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charlie_McCarthy" title="Charlie McCarthy">Charlie McCarthy</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chase_and_Sanborn_Hour" title="The Chase and Sanborn Hour">The Chase and Sanborn Hour</a></i> in 1941. Two of their films (<i><a href="/wiki/Hold_That_Ghost" title="Hold That Ghost">Hold That Ghost</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Buck_Privates" title="Buck Privates">Buck Privates</a></i>) were adapted for radio that year. <i>Hold That Ghost</i> was presented as a half-hour adaptation on August 1, 1941 on <a href="/wiki/Louella_Parsons" title="Louella Parsons">Louella Parsons</a>' <i>Hollywood Premiere</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Buck Privates</i> was presented on <i><a href="/wiki/Lux_Radio_Theatre" title="Lux Radio Theatre">Lux Radio Theatre</a></i> as a one-hour adaptation on October 13, 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their program returned in its own weekly time slot starting on October 8, 1942, with <a href="/wiki/Camel_(cigarette)" title="Camel (cigarette)">Camel</a> cigarettes as sponsor. </p><p><i>The Abbott and Costello Show</i> mixed comedy with musical interludes (by vocalists such as <a href="/wiki/Connie_Haines" title="Connie Haines">Connie Haines</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashley_Eustis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashley Eustis (page does not exist)">Ashley Eustis</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Delta_Rhythm_Boys" title="The Delta Rhythm Boys">the Delta Rhythm Boys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skinnay_Ennis" title="Skinnay Ennis">Skinnay Ennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Maxwell" title="Marilyn Maxwell">Marilyn Maxwell</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Les_Baxter" title="Les Baxter">Les Baxter</a> Singers). </p><p>Among the show's regular and semi-regular performers were <a href="/wiki/Joe_Kirk" title="Joe Kirk">Joe Kirk</a> (Costello's brother-in-law) as the excitable Sicilian immigrant Mr. Bacciagalupe, <a href="/wiki/Artie_Auerbach" title="Artie Auerbach">Artie Auerbach</a> as Mr. Kitzel, <a href="/wiki/Elvia_Allman" title="Elvia Allman">Elvia Allman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iris_Adrian" title="Iris Adrian">Iris Adrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mel_Blanc" title="Mel Blanc">Mel Blanc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wally_Brown" title="Wally Brown">Wally Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Douglas" title="Sharon Douglas">Sharon Douglas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verna_Felton" title="Verna Felton">Verna Felton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Fields" title="Sidney Fields">Sidney Fields</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Nelson_(actor)" title="Frank Nelson (actor)">Frank Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha_Wentworth" title="Martha Wentworth">Martha Wentworth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benay_Venuta" title="Benay Venuta">Benay Venuta</a>. Guest stars included <a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Andrews_Sisters" title="The Andrews Sisters">The Andrews Sisters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ken_Niles" title="Ken Niles">Ken Niles</a> was the show's longtime announcer, doubling as an exasperated foil to Costello, who routinely insulted his on-air wife (played by Elvia Allman). Niles was succeeded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Roy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Roy (page does not exist)">Michael Roy</a>, alternating over the years with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bingman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Bingman (page does not exist)">Frank Bingman</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Doyle_(announcer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Doyle (announcer) (page does not exist)">Jim Doyle</a>. </p><p>The show went through several orchestras, including those of Ennis, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hoff_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Hoff (musician) (page does not exist)">Charles Hoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matty_Matlock" title="Matty Matlock">Matty Matlock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matty_Malneck" title="Matty Malneck">Matty Malneck</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Meakin_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Meakin (musician) (page does not exist)">Jack Meakin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Will_Osborne_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Will Osborne (musician) (page does not exist)">Will Osborne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Rich" title="Fred Rich">Fred Rich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leith_Stevens" title="Leith Stevens">Leith Stevens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_van_Steeden" title="Peter van Steeden">Peter van Steeden</a>. </p><p>The show's writers included <a href="/wiki/Howard_Harris_(writer)" title="Howard Harris (writer)">Howard Harris</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Fimberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hal Fimberg (page does not exist)">Hal Fimberg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parke_Levy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parke Levy (page does not exist)">Parke Levy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Prindle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Prindle (page does not exist)">Don Prindle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddie_Cherkose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eddie Cherkose (page does not exist)">Eddie Cherkose</a> (later known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddie_Maxwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eddie Maxwell (page does not exist)">Eddie Maxwell</a>), <a href="/wiki/Leonard_B._Stern" title="Leonard B. Stern">Leonard B. Stern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ragaway" title="Martin Ragaway">Martin Ragaway</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Conlan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Conlan (page does not exist)">Paul Conlan</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddie_Forman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eddie Forman (page does not exist)">Eddie Forman</a>, as well as producer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Gosch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Gosch (page does not exist)">Martin Gosch</a>. Sound effects were handled primarily by Floyd Caton. </p><p>In 1947, the show moved to <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> (the former NBC <a href="/wiki/Blue_Network" title="Blue Network">Blue Network</a>). During their time on ABC the duo also hosted a 30-minute children's radio program (<i>The Abbott and Costello Children's Show</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on Saturday mornings. The program featured child vocalist Anna Mae Slaughter and child announcer <a href="/wiki/John_Wilder_(producer)" title="John Wilder (producer)">Johnny McGovern</a>. It finished its run in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-dunningota_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dunningota-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film">Film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1940, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Studios</a> signed them for a musical, <i><a href="/wiki/One_Night_in_the_Tropics" title="One Night in the Tropics">One Night in the Tropics</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Allan_Jones_(actor)" title="Allan Jones (actor)">Allan Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Kelly" title="Nancy Kelly">Nancy Kelly</a>. Cast in supporting roles, Abbott and Costello stole the picture with several classic routines, including "Who's on First?". Signed to a two-picture contract, their second film, <i><a href="/wiki/Buck_Privates" title="Buck Privates">Buck Privates</a></i> (1941), directed by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lubin" title="Arthur Lubin">Arthur Lubin</a> and co-starring <a href="/wiki/The_Andrews_Sisters" title="The Andrews Sisters">The Andrews Sisters</a>, was a massive hit, earning $4 million at the box office and launching Abbott and Costello as stars.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their next film was a haunted house comedy, <i>Oh, Charlie!</i>; however, <i>Buck Privates</i> was so successful that the studio decided to delay the release so the team could hastily film and release a second service comedy. <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Navy_(film)" title="In the Navy (film)">In the Navy</a></i> (1941), co-starred crooner <a href="/wiki/Dick_Powell" title="Dick Powell">Dick Powell</a> and the Andrews Sisters, and initially out-grossed <i>Buck Privates</i>. Loew's Criterion in Manhattan was open until 5 a.m. to oblige over 49,000 customers during the film's first week.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Oh, Charlie</i> went back into production to add music featuring the Andrews Sisters and Ted Lewis. The film was eventually retitled <i><a href="/wiki/Hold_That_Ghost" title="Hold That Ghost">Hold That Ghost</a></i> (1941).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The duo next appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/Ride_%27Em_Cowboy_(1942_film)" title="Ride 'Em Cowboy (1942 film)">Ride 'Em Cowboy</a></i> (1941), with <a href="/wiki/Dick_Foran" title="Dick Foran">Dick Foran</a>, but its release was delayed so they could appear in a third service comedy, <i><a href="/wiki/Keep_%27Em_Flying" title="Keep 'Em Flying">Keep 'Em Flying</a></i> (1941). This was their last film directed by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lubin" title="Arthur Lubin">Arthur Lubin</a>. All of their 1941 films were big hits, and Abbott and Costello were voted the <a href="/wiki/Top_Ten_Money_Making_Stars_Poll" title="Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll">third biggest box office attraction</a> in the country in 1941. </p><p>Universal loaned the team to <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> for a musical comedy, <i><a href="/wiki/Rio_Rita_(1942_film)" title="Rio Rita (1942 film)">Rio Rita</a></i> (1942). During filming Abbott and Costello had their hand and foot prints set in concrete at what was then "<a href="/wiki/TCL_Chinese_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="TCL Chinese Theatre">Grauman's Chinese Theatre</a>". Back at Universal they made <i><a href="/wiki/Pardon_My_Sarong" title="Pardon My Sarong">Pardon My Sarong</a></i> (1942), a spoof of South Sea Island movies; and <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Done_It%3F_(1942_film)" title="Who Done It? (1942 film)">Who Done It?</a></i> (1942), a comedy-mystery. </p><p>In 1942, exhibitors voted them the top box office stars in the country, and their earnings for the fiscal year were $789,026.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team did a 35-day tour during the summer of 1942 to promote and sell War Bonds. The Treasury Department credited them with $85 million in sales.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the tour the team starred in <i><a href="/wiki/It_Ain%27t_Hay" title="It Ain't Hay">It Ain't Hay</a></i> (1943), from a story by <a href="/wiki/Damon_Runyon" title="Damon Runyon">Damon Runyon</a>; and <i><a href="/wiki/Hit_the_Ice_(film)" title="Hit the Ice (film)">Hit the Ice</a></i> (1943). </p><p>Costello was stricken with <a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_fever" title="Rheumatic fever">rheumatic fever</a> upon his return from a winter tour of army bases in March 1943 and was bedridden for approximately six months. On November 4, 1943, the same day that Costello returned to radio after a one-year hiatus due to his illness, his infant son Lou Jr. (nicknamed "Butch" and born November 6, 1942) died in an accidental drowning in the family's swimming pool.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maxene Andrews remembers visiting Costello with sisters Patty and LaVerne during his illness, and remembered how Costello's demeanor changed after the tragic loss of his son, recalling, "He didn't seem as fun-loving and as warm...He seemed to anger easily...there was a difference in his attitude".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After Costello recovered, the duo returned to MGM for <i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_a_Harem" title="Lost in a Harem">Lost in a Harem</a></i> (1944) then were back at Universal for <i><a href="/wiki/In_Society" title="In Society">In Society</a></i> (1944), <i><a href="/wiki/Here_Come_the_Co-Eds" title="Here Come the Co-Eds">Here Come the Co-Eds</a></i> (1945) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Naughty_Nineties" title="The Naughty Nineties">The Naughty Nineties</a></i> (1945). Their third and final film for MGM was <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_in_Hollywood" title="Abbott and Costello in Hollywood">Abbott and Costello in Hollywood</a></i> (1945). </p><p>In 1945, a rift developed when Abbott hired a domestic servant who had been fired by Costello. Costello refused to speak to his partner except when performing. The following year they made two films, (<i><a href="/wiki/Little_Giant" title="Little Giant">Little Giant</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Time_of_Their_Lives" title="The Time of Their Lives">The Time of Their Lives</a></i>), in which they appeared as separate characters rather than as a team. This was likely the result of the tensions between them, plus the fact that their most recent films had not performed as well at the box office. Abbott resolved the rift when he suggested naming Costello's pet charity, a foundation for underprivileged children, the "Lou Costello Jr. Youth Foundation." The facility opened in 1947 and still serves the <a href="/wiki/Boyle_Heights,_Los_Angeles" title="Boyle Heights, Los Angeles">Boyle Heights</a> district of Los Angeles. </p><p>Abbott and Costello reunited as a team in <i><a href="/wiki/Buck_Privates_Come_Home" title="Buck Privates Come Home">Buck Privates Come Home</a></i> (1947), a sequel to their 1941 hit. In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wistful_Widow_of_Wagon_Gap" title="The Wistful Widow of Wagon Gap">The Wistful Widow of Wagon Gap</a></i> (1947) they were supported by <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Main" title="Marjorie Main">Marjorie Main</a>. They signed a new contract with Universal which allowed them to appear in films outside of their studio contract.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first of these, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Noose_Hangs_High" title="The Noose Hangs High">The Noose Hangs High</a></i> (1948), was distributed by <a href="/wiki/Eagle-Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle-Lion">Eagle-Lion</a>. </p><p>The team's next film, <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Frankenstein" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein">Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein</a></i> (1948), co-starring <a href="/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi">Bela Lugosi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lon_Chaney_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Lon Chaney Jr">Lon Chaney Jr</a>, was a massive hit and revitalized the duo's careers. It was followed by <i><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Hayride" title="Mexican Hayride">Mexican Hayride</a></i> (1948), an adaptation of a <a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a> musical without the songs. They followed with <i><a href="/wiki/Africa_Screams" title="Africa Screams">Africa Screams</a></i> (1949) for Nassour Studios, an independent company which was released through <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a>. Back at Universal, they returned to horror comedy with <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Killer,_Boris_Karloff" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer, Boris Karloff">Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer, Boris Karloff</a></i> (1949). </p><p>The pair was sidelined again for several months when Costello suffered a relapse of rheumatic fever. They returned to the screen in <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_in_the_Foreign_Legion" title="Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion">Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion</a></i> (1950). They returned the following year in <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Invisible_Man" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man">Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man</a></i> (1951); then <i><a href="/wiki/Comin%27_Round_the_Mountain" title="Comin' Round the Mountain">Comin' Round the Mountain</a></i> (1952), a hillbilly comedy. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm/220px-seek%3D25-Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="160" data-durationhint="4984" data-mwtitle="Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_(1952).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_(1952).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="658" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="988" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1482" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1482" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="198" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="330" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="494" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="494" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJack_and_the_Beanstalk_%281952%29.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_(1952_film)" title="Jack and the Beanstalk (1952 film)">Jack and the Beanstalk</a></i> (1952)</figcaption></figure> <p>Their first color film, <i><a href="/wiki/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_(1952_film)" title="Jack and the Beanstalk (1952 film)">Jack and the Beanstalk</a></i> (1952), was an independent production distributed by <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> After filming <i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_Alaska" title="Lost in Alaska">Lost in Alaska</a></i> (1952) back at Universal, they made a second independent color movie, <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Captain_Kidd" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Captain Kidd">Abbott and Costello Meet Captain Kidd</a></i> (1952) co-starring <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a>, which was also distributed by Warner Bros. </p><p>At Universal, they starred in <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Go_to_Mars" title="Abbott and Costello Go to Mars">Abbott and Costello Go to Mars</a></i> (1953) and <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Dr._Jekyll_and_Mr._Hyde" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde">Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde</a></i> (1953). They were forced to withdraw from <i><a href="/wiki/Fireman_Save_My_Child_(1954_film)" title="Fireman Save My Child (1954 film)">Fireman Save My Child</a></i> in 1954 due to Costello's ill health, and were replaced by lookalikes <a href="/wiki/Hugh_O%27Brian" title="Hugh O'Brian">Hugh O'Brian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Hackett" title="Buddy Hackett">Buddy Hackett</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Spike_Jones_and_his_City_Slickers" class="mw-redirect" title="Spike Jones and his City Slickers">Spike Jones and his City Slickers</a>. Their last two films for Universal were <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Keystone_Kops" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Keystone Kops">Abbott and Costello Meet the Keystone Kops</a></i> (1955) and <i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Mummy" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy">Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy</a></i> (1955). In 1956, they appeared in their final film together, <i><a href="/wiki/Dance_With_Me,_Henry" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance With Me, Henry">Dance With Me, Henry</a></i>, an independent production released through United Artists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television">Television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbott_and_costello_this_is_your_life.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Abbott_and_costello_this_is_your_life.jpg/220px-Abbott_and_costello_this_is_your_life.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Abbott_and_costello_this_is_your_life.jpg/330px-Abbott_and_costello_this_is_your_life.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Abbott_and_costello_this_is_your_life.jpg/440px-Abbott_and_costello_this_is_your_life.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>Abbott and Costello on NBC's <i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_Your_Life_(American_franchise)" title="This Is Your Life (American franchise)">This Is Your Life</a></i> November 21, 1956</figcaption></figure> <p>In January 1951, Abbott and Costello joined the roster of rotating hosts of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Colgate_Comedy_Hour" title="The Colgate Comedy Hour">The Colgate Comedy Hour</a></i> on NBC. (<a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_and_Lewis" title="Martin and Lewis">Martin and Lewis</a> were among the others.) Each show was a live hour of <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> in front of an audience, revitalizing the comedians' performances and giving their old routines a new sparkle. </p><p>From the fall of 1952 to the spring of 1954, a filmed half-hour series, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Abbott_and_Costello_Show" title="The Abbott and Costello Show">The Abbott and Costello Show</a></i>, appeared in syndication on over 40 local stations across the United States. Loosely based on their radio series, the show cast the duo as unemployed wastrels. One of the show's <a href="/wiki/Running_gag" title="Running gag">running gags</a> involved Abbott perpetually hounding Costello to get a job, while Abbott was happily unemployed. The show featured <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Fields" title="Sidney Fields">Sidney Fields</a> as their landlord and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Brooke" title="Hillary Brooke">Hillary Brooke</a> as a neighbor and sometime love interest for Costello. Other regulars were future Stooge <a href="/wiki/Joe_Besser" title="Joe Besser">Joe Besser</a> as Stinky, a whiny child in a <a href="/wiki/Little_Lord_Fauntleroy" title="Little Lord Fauntleroy">Little Lord Fauntleroy</a> suit; <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Jones_(actor)" title="Gordon Jones (actor)">Gordon Jones</a> as Mike the cop, who always lost patience with Costello; Joe Kirk, an Italian immigrant caricature whose role varied with the requirements of the script; and <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Barber" title="Bobby Barber">Bobby Barber</a>, who played many "extra" parts. </p><p>The simple plot lines were often an excuse to recreate comedy routines from their films and burlesque days, including "Who's on First?" Since Costello owned the series (with Abbott working on salary), this allowed them to own these versions of the classic routines as well. The 2nd season was more story-driven. There was no continuity. Although <i>The Abbott and Costello Show</i> originally ran for only two seasons, it found a larger viewership in reruns from the 1960s to the 1990s. The shows have also been released in three different DVD sets over the years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Who's_on_First?""><span id=".22Who.27s_on_First.3F.22"></span>"Who's on First?"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: "Who's on First?""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_on_First%3F" title="Who's on First?">Who's on First?</a></div> <p>"Who's on First?" is Abbott and Costello's signature routine. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine (December 26, 1999) named it the best comedy routine of the 20th century. The sketch was based on other earlier burlesque wordplay routines. They began honing the routine shortly after teaming up in 1936, and performed it in vaudeville in 1937 and 1938. It was first heard by a national radio audience on March 24, 1938, when the team were regulars on the Kate Smith radio show.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By then, <a href="/wiki/John_Grant_(screenwriter)" title="John Grant (screenwriter)">John Grant</a> had been writing or adapting other sketches for the team and may have helped expand "Who's on First?" prior to its radio debut. He stayed on as their head writer into the 1950s. </p><p>Depending upon the version, Abbott has either organized a new baseball team and the players have nicknames, or he points out the proliferation of nicknames in baseball (citing <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a> sibling <a href="/wiki/Pitcher" title="Pitcher">pitchers</a> <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Dean" title="Dizzy Dean">Dizzy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dean_(baseball)" title="Paul Dean (baseball)">Daffy Dean</a>) before launching into the routine. The <a href="/wiki/Infielder" title="Infielder">infielders</a>' nicknames are Who (<a href="/wiki/First_baseman" title="First baseman">first base</a>), What (<a href="/wiki/Second_baseman" title="Second baseman">second base</a>) and I Don't Know (<a href="/wiki/Third_baseman" title="Third baseman">third base</a>). The key to the routine is Costello's mounting frustration set against Abbott's unyielding formality. Audio recordings are readily available on the Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A notable version is the first television performance on the 1951 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Colgate_Comedy_Hour" title="The Colgate Comedy Hour">Colgate Comedy Hour</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AbbottCostelloWhosOnFirst.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/AbbottCostelloWhosOnFirst.jpg/220px-AbbottCostelloWhosOnFirst.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/AbbottCostelloWhosOnFirst.jpg/330px-AbbottCostelloWhosOnFirst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/AbbottCostelloWhosOnFirst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="251" /></a><figcaption>Abbott and Costello performing "<a href="/wiki/Who%27s_on_First%3F" title="Who's on First?">Who's on First?</a>"</figcaption></figure> <p>"Who's on First?" is believed to be available in as many as twenty versions, ranging from one minute to up to ten minutes. The team could time the routine at will, adding or deleting portions as needed for films, radio or television. The longest version is seen in "The Actors' Home" episode of their filmed TV series, running approximately eight minutes. A live performance commemorating the opening day of the Lou Costello Jr Youth Foundation in 1947 was recorded, and has been included in numerous comedy albums. The team's final performance of "Who's on First?" on TV was on <a href="/wiki/The_Steve_Allen_Show" title="The Steve Allen Show">Steve Allen's variety show</a> in 1957. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_lives">Personal lives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal lives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abbott and Costello both married performers they met in burlesque. Abbott wed Betty Smith, a dancer and comedienne, in 1918, and Costello married a chorus girl, Anne Battler, in 1934. The Costellos had four children; the Abbotts adopted two. Abbott and Costello faced personal demons at times. Both were inveterate gamblers and had serious health problems. Abbott suffered from <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a> and turned to alcohol for seizure management. Costello had occasional, near-fatal bouts with <a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_fever" title="Rheumatic fever">rheumatic fever</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1950s, Abbott and Costello's popularity waned with the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Martin_and_Lewis" title="Martin and Lewis">Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis</a>. Another reason for their decline was overexposure.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each year they made two new films, while <a href="/wiki/Realart_Pictures_Inc." title="Realart Pictures Inc.">Realart Pictures</a> re-issued their older hits; their filmed television series was widely syndicated, and the same routines appeared frequently on the Colgate program. (Writer Parke Levy told Jordan R. Young, in <i>The Laugh Crafters: Comedy Writing in Radio and TV's Golden Age</i>, that he was stunned to learn that the pair were afraid to perform new material.) </p><p>Universal dropped the comedy team in 1955 after they could not agree on contract terms. In the early 1950s, the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a> charged them for back taxes, forcing them to sell their homes and most of their assets, including the rights to most of their films.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956, they made one independent film, <i><a href="/wiki/Dance_with_Me,_Henry" title="Dance with Me, Henry">Dance with Me, Henry</a></i>, and Costello was the subject of the television program <i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_Your_Life_(American_franchise)" title="This Is Your Life (American franchise)">This Is Your Life</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then formally dissolved their partnership in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his posthumously published 1959 autobiography, <i><a href="/wiki/My_Wicked,_Wicked_Ways" title="My Wicked, Wicked Ways">My Wicked, Wicked Ways</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Errol_Flynn" title="Errol Flynn">Errol Flynn</a> claims that he triggered the breakup. Flynn, a chronic practical joker, invited them, along with their wives and children, to his house for dinner, and afterwards, he commenced to show a home movie that "accidentally" turned out to be hard-core pornography. While Flynn pretended to be baffled, Costello and Abbott each blamed the other for the film's substitution. </p><p>In his last years, Costello made about ten solo appearances on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Steve_Allen_Show" title="The Steve Allen Show">The Steve Allen Show</a></i> doing many of the old routines without Abbott. Costello performed <a href="/wiki/Stand-up_comedy" title="Stand-up comedy">stand-up</a> in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, and appeared in episodes of <i><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Theater" title="General Electric Theater">GE Theater</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Wagon_Train" title="Wagon Train">Wagon Train</a></i>. On March 3, 1959, not long after completing his lone solo film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_30_Foot_Bride_of_Candy_Rock" title="The 30 Foot Bride of Candy Rock">The 30 Foot Bride of Candy Rock</a></i>, he died of a heart attack three days short of his 53rd birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abbott attempted a comeback in 1960 with <a href="/wiki/Candy_Candido" title="Candy Candido">Candy Candido</a>. Although the new act received good reviews, Abbott quit, saying, "No one could ever live up to Lou." Abbott made a solo, dramatic appearance on an episode of <i>General Electric Theater</i> in 1961. In 1966, Abbott voiced his character in a series of 156 five-minute <i><a href="/wiki/The_Abbott_and_Costello_Cartoon_Show" title="The Abbott and Costello Cartoon Show">Abbott and Costello</a></i> cartoons made by <a href="/wiki/Hanna-Barbera" title="Hanna-Barbera">Hanna-Barbera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Costello's character was voiced by Stan Irwin. Bud Abbott died of cancer on April 24, 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Movie</th> <th>Lou Costello Role</th> <th>Bud Abbott Role</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1940</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/One_Night_in_the_Tropics" title="One Night in the Tropics">One Night in the Tropics</a></i></td> <td>Costello</td> <td>Abbott</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal</a><br />Film debut </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Buck_Privates" title="Buck Privates">Buck Privates</a></i></td> <td>Herbie Brown</td> <td>Slicker Smith</td> <td>Universal<br />First starring roles<sup id="cite_ref-EB_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Navy_(film)" title="In the Navy (film)">In the Navy</a></i></td> <td>Pomeroy Watson</td> <td>Smokey Adams</td> <td>Universal </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Hold_That_Ghost" title="Hold That Ghost">Hold That Ghost</a></i></td> <td>Ferdinand Jones</td> <td>Chuck Murray</td> <td>Universal </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Keep_%27Em_Flying" title="Keep 'Em Flying">Keep 'Em Flying</a></i></td> <td>Heathcliffe</td> <td>Blackie Benson</td> <td>Universal </td></tr> <tr> <td>1942</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ride_%27Em_Cowboy_(1942_film)" title="Ride 'Em Cowboy (1942 film)">Ride 'Em Cowboy</a></i></td> <td>Willoughby</td> <td>Duke</td> <td>Universal </td></tr> <tr> <td>1942</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Rio_Rita_(1942_film)" title="Rio Rita (1942 film)">Rio Rita</a></i></td> <td>Wishy Dunn</td> <td>Doc</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metro_Goldwyn_Mayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Goldwyn Mayer">MGM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1942</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Pardon_My_Sarong" title="Pardon My Sarong">Pardon My Sarong</a></i></td> <td>Wellington Phlug</td> <td>Algy Shaw</td> <td>Universal </td></tr> <tr> <td>1942</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Done_It%3F_(1942_film)" title="Who Done It? (1942 film)">Who Done It?</a></i></td> <td>Mervyn Milgrim</td> <td>Chick Larkin</td> <td>Universal </td></tr> <tr> <td>1943</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/It_Ain%27t_Hay" title="It Ain't Hay">It Ain't Hay</a></i></td> <td>Wilbur Hoolihan</td> <td>Grover Mickridge</td> <td>Universal </td></tr> <tr> <td>1943</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Hit_the_Ice_(film)" title="Hit the Ice (film)">Hit the Ice</a></i></td> <td>Tubby McCoy</td> <td>Flash Fulton</td> <td>Universal </td></tr> <tr> <td>1944</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/In_Society" title="In Society">In Society</a></i></td> <td>Albert Mansfield</td> <td>Eddie Harrington</td> <td>Universal </td></tr> <tr> <td>1944</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_a_Harem" title="Lost in a Harem">Lost in a Harem</a></i></td> <td>Harvey Garvey</td> <td>Peter Johnson</td> <td>MGM </td></tr> <tr> <td>1945</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Here_Come_the_Co-Eds" title="Here Come the Co-Eds">Here Come the Co-Eds</a></i></td> <td>Oliver Quackenbush</td> <td>Slats McCarthy</td> <td>Universal </td></tr> <tr> <td>1945</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Naughty_Nineties" title="The Naughty Nineties">The Naughty Nineties</a></i></td> <td>Sebastian Dinwiddie</td> <td>Dexter Broadhurst</td> <td>Universal<br />"<a href="/wiki/Who%27s_on_First%3F" title="Who's on First?">Who's on First?</a>" routine from this film is featured at the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">National Baseball Hall of Fame</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1945</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_in_Hollywood" title="Abbott and Costello in Hollywood">Abbott and Costello in Hollywood</a></i></td> <td>Abercrombie</td> <td>Buzz Kurtis</td> <td>MGM </td></tr> <tr> <td>1946</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Giant" title="Little Giant">Little Giant</a></i></td> <td>Benny Miller</td> <td>John Morrison/Tom Chandler</td> <td>Universal </td></tr> <tr> <td>1946</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Time_of_Their_Lives" title="The Time of Their Lives">The Time of Their Lives</a></i></td> <td>Horatio Prim</td> <td>Cuthbert/Dr. Greenway</td> <td>Universal </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Buck_Privates_Come_Home" title="Buck Privates Come Home">Buck Privates Come Home</a></i></td> <td>Herbie Brown</td> <td>Slicker Smith</td> <td>Universal-International<br />Sequel to <i><a href="/wiki/Buck_Privates" title="Buck Privates">Buck Privates</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wistful_Widow_of_Wagon_Gap" title="The Wistful Widow of Wagon Gap">The Wistful Widow of Wagon Gap</a></i></td> <td>Chester Wooley</td> <td>Duke Egan</td> <td>Universal-International </td></tr> <tr> <td>1948</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Noose_Hangs_High" title="The Noose Hangs High">The Noose Hangs High</a></i></td> <td>Tommy Hinchcliffe</td> <td>Ted Higgins</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eagle-Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle-Lion">Eagle-Lion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1948</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Frankenstein" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein">Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein</a></i></td> <td>Wilbur Gray</td> <td>Chick Young</td> <td>Universal-International </td></tr> <tr> <td>1948</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Hayride" title="Mexican Hayride">Mexican Hayride</a></i></td> <td>Joe Bascom/Humphrey Fish</td> <td>Harry Lambert</td> <td>Universal-International </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Africa_Screams" title="Africa Screams">Africa Screams</a></i></td> <td>Stanley Livington</td> <td>Buzz Johnson</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Killer,_Boris_Karloff" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer, Boris Karloff">Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer, Boris Karloff</a></i></td> <td>Freddie Phillips</td> <td>Casey Edwards</td> <td>Universal-International </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_in_the_Foreign_Legion" title="Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion">Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion</a></i></td> <td>Lou Hotchkiss</td> <td>Bud Jones</td> <td>Universal-International </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Invisible_Man" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man">Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man</a></i></td> <td>Lou Francis</td> <td>Bud Alexander</td> <td>Universal-International </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Comin%27_Round_the_Mountain" title="Comin' Round the Mountain">Comin' Round the Mountain</a></i></td> <td>Wilbert Smith</td> <td>Al Stewart</td> <td>Universal-International </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_(1952_film)" title="Jack and the Beanstalk (1952 film)">Jack and the Beanstalk</a></i></td> <td>Jack</td> <td>Mr. Dinklepuss</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a><br />In sepia and color. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_Alaska" title="Lost in Alaska">Lost in Alaska</a></i></td> <td>George Bell</td> <td>Tom Watson</td> <td>Universal-International </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952-54</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Abbott_and_Costello_Show" title="The Abbott and Costello Show">The Abbott and Costello Show</a></i></td> <td>Himself</td> <td>Himself</td> <td>Television Show; Presented by Allan Enterprises </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Captain_Kidd" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Captain Kidd">Abbott and Costello Meet Captain Kidd</a></i></td> <td>Oliver "Puddin' Head" Johnson</td> <td>Rocky Stonebridge</td> <td>Warner Bros.<br />In color </td></tr> <tr> <td>1953</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Go_to_Mars" title="Abbott and Costello Go to Mars">Abbott and Costello Go to Mars</a></i></td> <td>Orville</td> <td>Lester</td> <td>Universal-International </td></tr> <tr> <td>1953</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Dr._Jekyll_and_Mr._Hyde" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde">Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde</a></i></td> <td>Tubby</td> <td>Slim</td> <td>Universal-International </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Keystone_Kops" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Keystone Kops">Abbott and Costello Meet the Keystone Kops</a></i></td> <td>Willie Piper</td> <td>Harry Pierce</td> <td>Universal-International </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Mummy" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy">Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy</a></i></td> <td>Costello (erroneously listed in the film as "Freddie Franklin")</td> <td>Abbott (erroneously listed in the film as "Pete Patterson")</td> <td>Universal-International </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_with_Me,_Henry" title="Dance with Me, Henry">Dance with Me, Henry</a></i></td> <td>Lou Henry</td> <td>Bud Flick</td> <td>United Artists<br />Final film as a duo </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_of_Abbott_and_Costello" title="The World of Abbott and Costello">The World of Abbott and Costello</a></i></td> <td>Himself</td> <td>Himself</td> <td>Universal<br /><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation film</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_office_ranking">Box office ranking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Box office ranking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a number of years Abbott and Costello were ranked among the most popular stars in the US according to the Quigley Publishers Poll of Exhibitors: </p> <ul><li>1941 – 3rd<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1942 – 1st (US), 2nd (UK)</li> <li>1943 – 3rd (US), 3rd (UK)</li> <li>1944 – 8th (US), 10th (UK)</li> <li>1945 – 11th (US), 8th (UK)</li> <li>1946 – 20th</li> <li>1947 – 16th<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1948 – 3rd</li> <li>1949 – 3rd</li> <li>1950 – 6th (US), 2nd (UK)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1951 – 4th (US), 4th (UK)</li> <li>1952 – 11th</li> <li>1953 – 20th</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1942: <i>Laugh, Laugh, Laugh</i> (Parts I and II) Victor 27737<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spin-offs">Spin-offs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Spin-offs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1960s cartoon series was not the first time Abbott and Costello were animated. During the height of their popularity in the 1940s, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Looney_Tunes" title="Looney Tunes">Looney Tunes</a>/<a href="/wiki/Merrie_Melodies" title="Merrie Melodies">Merrie Melodies</a> animation unit produced 3 cartoons featuring the pair as cats or mice named "<a href="/wiki/Babbit_and_Catstello" title="Babbit and Catstello">Babbit and Catstello</a>". One of the cartoons, Bob Clampett's <i><a href="/wiki/A_Tale_of_Two_Kitties" title="A Tale of Two Kitties">A Tale of Two Kitties</a></i> (1942), introduced <a href="/wiki/Tweety" title="Tweety">Tweety</a>. The other cartoons are <i>A Tale of Two Mice</i> and <i>Mouse-Merized Cat</i>. In all three cartoons, <a href="/wiki/Tedd_Pierce" title="Tedd Pierce">Tedd Pierce</a> (normally a storyman/writer for the cartoons) and Mel Blanc, respectively, provide voice impressions of the comedy duo. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbott_costello_caricature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Abbott_costello_caricature.jpg/220px-Abbott_costello_caricature.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Abbott_costello_caricature.jpg/330px-Abbott_costello_caricature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Abbott_costello_caricature.jpg/440px-Abbott_costello_caricature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption>Caricature of the pair from NBC-TV's Colgate Comedy Hour.</figcaption></figure> <p>The revival of their former television series in syndicated reruns in the late 1960s and early 1970s helped spark renewed interest in the duo, as did the televising of many of their old film hits. In 1994, comedian <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Seinfeld" title="Jerry Seinfeld">Jerry Seinfeld</a>—who says Abbott and Costello were strong influences on his work—hosted a television special <i>Abbott and Costello Meet Jerry Seinfeld</i> (the title refers to the duo's popular film series in which they met some of Universal's famed horror picture characters), on NBC; the special was said to have been seen in 20 million homes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Abbott_and_Costello" title="Special:EditPage/Abbott and Costello">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Abbott and Costello were frequently referred to in 1940s <a href="/wiki/Looney_Tunes" title="Looney Tunes">Looney Tunes</a> cartoons, such as <i><a href="/wiki/A_Tale_of_Two_Kitties" title="A Tale of Two Kitties">A Tale of Two Kitties</a></i> (1942), <i><a href="/wiki/A_Tale_of_Two_Mice" class="mw-redirect" title="A Tale of Two Mice">A Tale of Two Mice</a></i> (1945), <i><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Canine_Canteen" title="Hollywood Canine Canteen">Hollywood Canine Canteen</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Daffy" title="Hollywood Daffy">Hollywood Daffy</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mouse-Merized_Cat" title="The Mouse-Merized Cat">The Mouse-Merized Cat</a></i> (all three from 1946).<sup id="cite_ref-warnercompanion.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warnercompanion.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A catchphrase from Abbott and Costello's radios show, <i>"I'm only three and a half years old"</i> was often quoted in these cartoons too.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even <a href="/wiki/Bugs_Bunny" title="Bugs Bunny">Bugs Bunny</a>'s famous <a href="/wiki/Catchphrase" title="Catchphrase">catchphrase</a>, <i>"Ain't I a stinker?"</i> was borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Lou_Costello" title="Lou Costello">Lou Costello</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-warnercompanion.com_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warnercompanion.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although they are not inductees of the Hall itself, Abbott and Costello are among the few non-baseball personnel to be memorialized in the <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball Hall of Fame">Baseball Hall of Fame</a>. A plaque and a gold record of the "Who's on First?" sketch have been on permanent display there since 1956, and the routine runs on an endless video loop in the exhibit area.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their "<a href="/wiki/Who%27s_on_First%3F" title="Who's on First?">Who's on First?</a>" routine has been referred to numerous times. In the 1988 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Rain_Man" title="Rain Man">Rain Man</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">autistic</a> character Raymond Babbitt recites an affectless "Who's on First?" as a <a href="/wiki/Defence_mechanisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence mechanisms">defence mechanism</a>. In 1982, <i><a href="/wiki/Tonight_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonight Show">Tonight Show</a></i> host <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Carson" title="Johnny Carson">Johnny Carson</a> performed a topical sketch as then-President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> in which "Who's on First?"-style confusion arose from the names of Interior Secretary <a href="/wiki/James_G._Watt" title="James G. Watt">James Watt</a>, Palestinian leader <a href="/wiki/Yassir_Arafat" class="mw-redirect" title="Yassir Arafat">Yassir Arafat</a> and Chinese leader <a href="/wiki/Hu_Yaobang" title="Hu Yaobang">Hu Yaobang</a>. </p><p>The comedy group <i><a href="/wiki/The_Credibility_Gap" title="The Credibility Gap">The Credibility Gap</a></i> performed a <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> update of "Who's on First?" using the names of rock groups <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guess_Who" title="The Guess Who">The Guess Who</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yes_(band)" title="Yes (band)">Yes</a>, recorded and released on their first album, <i>The Bronze Age of Radio</i>. On the January 13, 2001, episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i> host <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Sheen" title="Charlie Sheen">Charlie Sheen</a> and <i>SNL</i> cast-member <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Dratch" title="Rachel Dratch">Rachel Dratch</a> performed a modified version of "Who's on First?" in a sketch. NBC's <i><a href="/wiki/Studio_60_on_the_Sunset_Strip" title="Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip">Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip</a></i> (2006), a drama about life backstage at a television comedy series, used "Who's on First?" as a plot device. </p><p>A TV movie called <i>Bud and Lou</i>, based on a book by Hollywood correspondent <a href="/wiki/Bob_Thomas_(reporter)" title="Bob Thomas (reporter)">Bob Thomas</a>, was broadcast in 1978. Starring <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Korman" title="Harvey Korman">Harvey Korman</a> as Bud Abbott and <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Hackett" title="Buddy Hackett">Buddy Hackett</a> as Lou Costello, the film told the duo's life story, focusing on Costello and portraying him as volatile and petty. </p><p>Jerry Seinfeld is an avid Abbott and Costello fan and their influence on him was celebrated in a 1994 NBC special, <i>Abbott and Costello Meet Jerry Seinfeld</i>. Seinfeld's TV series includes numerous references to the team. George Costanza's middle name is "Louis", after Costello. "<a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_(Seinfeld)" title="The Old Man (Seinfeld)">The Old Man</a>" (Season 4, Episode 18, aired February 18, 1993) featured a cantankerous old man named "Sid Fields" (played by veteran actor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Erwin" title="Bill Erwin">Bill Erwin</a>) as a tribute to the landlord on the Abbott and Costello TV show. A friend of Kramer's is named Mickey Abbott. A copywriter for the J. Peterman catalog is named Eddie Sherman, after the team's longtime agent. In Episode 30, <a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Kramer" title="Cosmo Kramer">Kramer</a> hears the famous Abbott and Costello line, "His father was a mudder. His mother was a mudder." </p><p>In 1991, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service"> US Postal Service</a> featured Abbott and Costello on a first-class stamp, part of a "Comedian Commemorative Issue", illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Al_Hirschfeld" title="Al Hirschfeld">Al Hirschfeld</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, <a href="/wiki/Montclair_State_University" title="Montclair State University">Montclair State University</a> dedicated a student residential complex named The Abbott and Costello Center on Clove Road in the <a href="/wiki/Little_Falls,_New_Jersey" title="Little Falls, New Jersey">Little Falls</a> portion of the university's campus.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood:_Men_in_Tights" title="Robin Hood: Men in Tights">Robin Hood: Men in Tights</a></i>, a 1993 spoof comedy directed by <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Van_Patten" title="Dick Van Patten">Dick Van Patten</a> played the part of the Abbot. At one point, a man who looked and sounded like Lou Costello (played by <a href="/wiki/Chuck_McCann" title="Chuck McCann">Chuck McCann</a>) yelled "Hey, Abbott!", in exactly the same way Lou did in the Abbott and Costello movies, repeating a joke from Brooks' Robin Hood sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/When_Things_Were_Rotten" title="When Things Were Rotten">When Things Were Rotten</a></i> in which Van Patten shouted the line. Van Patten responds, "I hate that guy!" </p><p>Abbott and Costello were inducted into the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Hall_of_Fame" title="New Jersey Hall of Fame">New Jersey Hall of Fame</a> in 2009. </p><p>In 2015, a non-profit fan film was produced titled <i>Abbott & Costello Meet Superman.</i> The film was screened at the Superman Celebration Film Festival in Metropolis Illinois and is currently streaming on YouTube. Abbott and Costello are played by two actors from New York, Aaron M. Lambert and Jake Navatka. </p><p>In the 2016 sci-fi movie <i><a href="/wiki/Arrival_(film)" title="Arrival (film)">Arrival</a></i>, the two Heptapods (<a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">alien beings</a>) are named Abbott and Costello by the scientists, because the one named Abbott is taller and quieter while the one named Costello is shorter and chattier. The names also have <a href="/wiki/Diegesis" title="Diegesis">extra-diegetic</a> significance as two of the main themes in the movie are <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">(mis)communication</a>, which mirrors themes of the "Who's on First?" routine.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRon_Palumbo" class="citation web cs1">Ron Palumbo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/WhosOnFirst-Palumbo.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Who's On First?"--Abbott and Costello (October 6, 1938)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Library of Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Who%27s+On+First%3F%22--Abbott+and+Costello+%28October+6%2C+1938%29&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.au=Ron+Palumbo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fstatic%2Fprograms%2Fnational-recording-preservation-board%2Fdocuments%2FWhosOnFirst-Palumbo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hollywood-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hollywood_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Abbott and Costello in Hollywood</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-399-51605-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-399-51605-0">0-399-51605-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Furmanek, Bob, and Ron Palumbo. "Abbott and Costello in Hollywood." Perigee, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, Sunday, February 28, 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/13">"Abbott, Bud; and Costello, Lou"</a></span>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Vol. I: A-Ak –Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago. 2010. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/13">13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8"><bdi>978-1-59339-837-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abbott%2C+Bud%3B+and+Costello%2C+Lou&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=13&rft.edition=15th&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59339-837-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewencyclopaedia2009ency%2Fpage%2F13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/40/Radio-Life-1940-06-02.pdf#page=3">"Abbott-Costello Replaces Allen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Radio Life</i>. June 2, 1940. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Life&rft.atitle=Abbott-Costello+Replaces+Allen&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1940-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Radio-Life%2F40s%2F40%2FRadio-Life-1940-06-02.pdf%23page%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=G_EjAAAAIBAJ&pg=3714%2C227296&q=Hollywood+Premiere+Abbott+Costello+Hold+Ghost">"Program Selections"</a>. <i>Toledo Blade (Ohio)</i>. August 1, 1941. p. 4 (Peach Section)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade+%28Ohio%29&rft.atitle=Program+Selections&rft.pages=4+%28Peach+Section%29&rft.date=1941-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DG_EjAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3714%252C227296%26q%3DHollywood%2BPremiere%2BAbbott%2BCostello%2BHold%2BGhost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CvsnAAAAIBAJ&pg=3974%2C2110646&q=Abbott+Costello+Buck+Privates">"Program Selections"</a>. <i>Toledo Blade (Ohio)</i>. October 13, 1941. p. 4 (Peach Section)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade+%28Ohio%29&rft.atitle=Program+Selections&rft.pages=4+%28Peach+Section%29&rft.date=1941-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DCvsnAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3974%252C2110646%26q%3DAbbott%2BCostello%2BBuck%2BPrivates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/download/AbbottAndCostelloChildrensShow12181948/AbbottAndCostelloChildrensShow12181948_vbr.m3u">[1]</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dunningota-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dunningota_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunning1998" class="citation book cs1">Dunning, John (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fi5wPDBiGfMC&dq=%22The+Abbott+and+Costello+Show,+comedy%22&pg=PA2"><i>On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio</i></a> (Revised ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 2–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507678-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507678-3"><bdi>978-0-19-507678-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Air%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+Old-Time+Radio&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=2-3&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507678-3&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFi5wPDBiGfMC%26dq%3D%2522The%2BAbbott%2Band%2BCostello%2BShow%2C%2Bcomedy%2522%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palumbo, Ron. <i>Hold That Ghost: The Complete Filmscript</i> Bear Manor Media, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/variety156-1944-10#page/n97/mode/1up">"111 Film Toppers earned close to $18 mill in '42"</a>. <i>Variety</i>: 6. October 18, 1944<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=111+Film+Toppers+earned+close+to+%2418+mill+in+%2742&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1944-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fvariety156-1944-10%23page%2Fn97%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lou's on First: The Tragic Life of Hollywood's Greatest Clown Warmly Recounted by his Youngest Child <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-49914-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-49914-0">0-312-49914-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/1940sComedy/Comedy-abbotAndCostello-WhosOnFirst1942.mp3">"Listen to "Who's on First?" from a 1942 radio performance"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(MP3)</span>. <i>Archive.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archive.org&rft.atitle=Listen+to+%22Who%27s+on+First%3F%22+from+a+1942+radio+performance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2F1940sComedy%2FComedy-abbotAndCostello-WhosOnFirst1942.mp3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/AbbottCostelloWhosOnFirst/AbbottAndCostello-WhosOnFirst.mp4">"Abbott and Costello performing "Who's on First?" in 1951 from the Colgate Comedy Hour"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(MP4)</span>. <i>Archive.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archive.org&rft.atitle=Abbott+and+Costello+performing+%22Who%27s+on+First%3F%22+in+1951+from+the+Colgate+Comedy+Hour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2FAbbottCostelloWhosOnFirst%2FAbbottAndCostello-WhosOnFirst.mp4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0182579/bio">"Lou Costello Biography"</a>. <i>Internet Movie Database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Movie+Database&rft.atitle=Lou+Costello+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0182579%2Fbio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/TIYL_Lou_Costello/TIYL_Lou_Costello_512kb.mp4">"This is your Life Lou Costello"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(MP4)</span>. <i>Archive.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archive.org&rft.atitle=This+is+your+Life+Lou+Costello&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2FTIYL_Lou_Costello%2FTIYL_Lou_Costello_512kb.mp4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1957/07/15/archives/abbott-costello-split-comedy-team-breaks-up-to-let-abbott-raise.html">"Abbott, Costello Split. Comedy Team Breaks Up to Let Abbott Raise Horses"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>. July 15, 1957.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Abbott%2C+Costello+Split.+Comedy+Team+Breaks+Up+to+Let+Abbott+Raise+Horses&rft.date=1957-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1957%2F07%2F15%2Farchives%2Fabbott-costello-split-comedy-team-breaks-up-to-let-abbott-raise.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2cZRAAAAIBAJ&dq=lou+costello&pg=7136,2077109">"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"</a>. <i>News.google.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2017</span> – via Google News Archive Search.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News.google.com&rft.atitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D2cZRAAAAIBAJ%26dq%3Dlou%2Bcostello%26pg%3D7136%2C2077109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlynnMeyers2002" class="citation book cs1">Flynn, Errol; Meyers, Jeffrey (November 4, 2002). <i>My Wicked, Wicked Ways: The Autobiography of Errol Flynn</i>. Cooper Square Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0815412509" title="Special:BookSources/0815412509"><bdi>0815412509</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Wicked%2C+Wicked+Ways%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Errol+Flynn&rft.pub=Cooper+Square+Press&rft.date=2002-11-04&rft.isbn=0815412509&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=Errol&rft.au=Meyers%2C+Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytobit-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1959/03/04/archives/lou-costello-52-dies-on-coast-comic-had-teamed-with-abbott-little.html">"Lou Costello, 52, Dies on Coast. Comic Had Teamed With Abbott. 'Little Guy Trying to Be a Big Shot' in Films and on TV-Partners Broke Up in '57"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. March 4, 1959.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lou+Costello%2C+52%2C+Dies+on+Coast.+Comic+Had+Teamed+With+Abbott.+%27Little+Guy+Trying+to+Be+a+Big+Shot%27+in+Films+and+on+TV-Partners+Broke+Up+in+%2757&rft.date=1959-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1959%2F03%2F04%2Farchives%2Flou-costello-52-dies-on-coast-comic-had-teamed-with-abbott-little.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070530054057/http://www.toontracker.com/lh-ac/lh-ac.htm">"Toon Tracker's Laurel & Hardy/Abbott & Costello Cartoons Page"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toontracker.com/lh-ac/lh-ac.htm">the original</a> on May 30, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toon+Tracker%27s+Laurel+%26+Hardy%2FAbbott+%26+Costello+Cartoons+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toontracker.com%2Flh-ac%2Flh-ac.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rY5AAAAAIBAJ&pg=4590,5423224&dq=bud+abbott+dies&hl=en">"The Glasgow Herald"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2017</span> – via Google News Archive Search.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Glasgow+Herald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DrY5AAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4590%2C5423224%26dq%3Dbud%2Babbott%2Bdies%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Mickey Rooney Tops List Three Times in a Row: Leads Money-Making Stars Again in 1941; Hollywood Luminaries Pay Capital a Visit; Items of News and Gossip of the Theater". <i>The Washington Post</i>. January 2, 1942. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Mickey+Rooney+Tops+List+Three+Times+in+a+Row%3A+Leads+Money-Making+Stars+Again+in+1941%3B+Hollywood+Luminaries+Pay+Capital+a+Visit%3B+Items+of+News+and+Gossip+of+the+Theater&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1942-01-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_L._Coe1948" class="citation news cs1">Richard L. Coe (January 3, 1948). "Bing's Lucky Number: Pa Crosby Dons 4th B.O. Crown". <i>The Washington Post</i>. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Bing%27s+Lucky+Number%3A+Pa+Crosby+Dons+4th+B.O.+Crown&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1948-01-03&rft.au=Richard+L.+Coe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Of Local Origin". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. December 29, 1950. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Of+Local+Origin&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1950-12-29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NwwEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22laugh+laugh+laugh%22&pg=PT13">"On the Records"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. January 10, 1942. p. 14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=On+the+Records&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1942-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNwwEAAAAMBAJ%26dq%3D%2522laugh%2Blaugh%2Blaugh%2522%26pg%3DPT13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-warnercompanion.com-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-warnercompanion.com_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-warnercompanion.com_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warnercompanion.com/eowbcc-a.html">"The Warner Brothers Cartoon Companion: A"</a>. <i>www.warnercompanion.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.warnercompanion.com&rft.atitle=The+Warner+Brothers+Cartoon+Companion%3A+A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.warnercompanion.com%2Feowbcc-a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warnercompanion.com/eowbcc-i.html">"The Warner Brothers Cartoon Companion: I"</a>. <i>www.warnercompanion.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.warnercompanion.com&rft.atitle=The+Warner+Brothers+Cartoon+Companion%3A+I&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.warnercompanion.com%2Feowbcc-i.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vaiden.net/abbott.html">"Other Abbott and Costello horror comedies are: Hold That Ghost (1941), Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948), Jack and"</a>. <i>www.vaiden.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vaiden.net&rft.atitle=Other+Abbott+and+Costello+horror+comedies+are%3A+Hold+That+Ghost+%281941%29%2C+Abbott+and+Costello+Meet+Frankenstein+%281948%29%2C+Jack+and&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaiden.net%2Fabbott.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lambiek.net/artists/a/avery_tex.htm">"Tex Avery"</a>. <i>lambiek.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lambiek.net&rft.atitle=Tex+Avery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lambiek.net%2Fartists%2Fa%2Favery_tex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baseballhall.org/discover/short-stops/whos-on-first">"Who's On First Joined the Hall 60 years ago | Baseball Hall of Fame"</a>. <i>baseballhall.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=baseballhall.org&rft.atitle=Who%27s+On+First+Joined+the+Hall+60+years+ago+%7C+Baseball+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbaseballhall.org%2Fdiscover%2Fshort-stops%2Fwhos-on-first&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://postalmuseum.si.edu/object/npm_1993.2015.145">"29c Bud Abbott and Lou Costello single"</a>. <i>National Postal Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Postal+Museum&rft.atitle=29c+Bud+Abbott+and+Lou+Costello+single&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpostalmuseum.si.edu%2Fobject%2Fnpm_1993.2015.145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbott+and+Costello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.montclair.edu/publications/News/NewsRelease903village.html">Who's on First? At MSU, it's Bud and Lou</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201090520/http://www.montclair.edu/publications/News/NewsRelease903village.html">Archived</a> February 1, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2016/11/18/all_your_arrival_plot_questions_explained.html">All you Arrival plot questions, explained</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170108013511/http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2016/11/18/all_your_arrival_plot_questions_explained.html">Archived</a> January 8, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anobile, Richard J. (ed.), <i>Who's on First?: Verbal and Visual Gems from the Films of Abbott & Costello</i> (1972) Avon Books</li> <li>Costello, Chris, <i>Lou's on First: The Tragic Life of Hollywood's Greatest Clown Warmly Recounted by His Youngest Child</i> (1982) St. Martin's Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-49914-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-49914-0">0-312-49914-0</a></li> <li>Cox, Stephen and Lofflin, John, <i>The Abbott & Costello Story: Sixty Years of "Who's on First?"</i> (1997) Cumberland House Publishing (A revised and updated edition of <i>The Official Abbott & Costello Scrapbook</i>)</li> <li>Cox, Stephen and Lofflin, John, <i>The Official Abbott & Costello Scrapbook</i> (1990) Contemporary Books, Inc.</li> <li>Dunning, John, <i>On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio</i> (1998) Oxford University Press</li> <li>Firestone, Ross (ed.), "Bud Abbott and Lou Costello" from <i>The Big Radio Comedy Program</i> (1978) Contemporary Books, Inc.</li> <li>Furmanek, Bob and Palumbo, Ron, <i>Abbott and Costello in Hollywood</i> (1991) Perigee <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-399-51605-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-399-51605-0">0-399-51605-0</a></li> <li>Maltin, Leonard, <i>The Great Movie Comedians</i> (1978) Crown Publishers</li> <li>Maltin, Leonard, <i>Movie Comedy Teams</i> (1970, revised 1985) New American Library</li> <li>Miller, Jeffrey S., <i>The Horror Spoofs of Abbott and Costello: A Critical Assessment of the Comedy Team's Monster Films</i> (2004) McFarland & Co.</li> <li>Mulholland, Jim, <i>The Abbott and Costello Book</i> (1975) Popular Library</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Nachman_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerald Nachman (journalist)">Nachman, Gerald</a>. <i>Raised on Radio</i> (1998) Pantheon Books</li> <li>Nollen, Scott Allen, <i>Abbott and Costello on the Home Front: A Critical Study of the Wartime Films</i> (2009) McFarland & Co.</li> <li>Palumbo, Ron, <i>Buck Privates: The Original Screenplay</i> (2012) Bear Manor Media.</li> <li>Palumbo, Ron, <i>Hold That Ghost: The Original Screenplay</i> (2016) Bear Manor Media.</li> <li>Sforza, John, "Swing It! The Andrews Sisters Story" (2000) University Press of Kentucky</li> <li>Sies, Luther F., <i>Encyclopedia of American Radio</i> (2000) McFarland & Co.</li> <li>Terrace, Vincent, <i>Radio Programs</i> (1999) McFarland & Co.</li> <li>Thomas, Bob, <i>Bud & Lou: The Abbott and Costello Story</i> (1977) J.B. Lippincott Co. (Dual biography featuring a highly unflattering portrait of Lou Costello, contested by friends and family members)</li> <li>Young, Jordan R., <i>The Laugh Crafters: Comedy Writing in Radio and TV's Golden Age</i> (1999) Past Times</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Abbott_and_Costello" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Abbott and Costello">Abbott and Costello</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiohalloffame.com/abbott-costello">Abbott and Costello</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Radio_Hall_of_Fame" title="Radio Hall of Fame">Radio Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://way-back-when.net/shows/comedy/abbott-and-costello-show">Abbott and Costello on Way Back When</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017134239/http://way-back-when.net/shows/comedy/abbott-and-costello-show">Archived</a> October 17, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laughterlog.com/2009/03/26/abbott-and-costello/">Laughterlog.com</a> Full listing of A&C on Radio, Film, television, Record and in Books.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190815060028/http://www.abbottandcostello.net/">Official Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abbottandcostello.net/abbott_costello_log.pdf">Abbott and Costello Radio Log</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.otroutlaws.com/album/9/various-artists/the-abbott-and-costello-show">Abbott and Costello on Old Time Radio Outlaws</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abbottandcostellofanclub.com">Official Fan Club</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=abbott%20AND%20mediatype%3Amovies">Abbott and Costello</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zootradio.com/Abbott_And_Costello.php">Zoot Radio, Abbott And Costello Radio Shows</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abbott-and-costello-whos-on-first.info/">Abbott and Costello – Who's on First?</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="Abbott_and_Costello" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abbott and Costello</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bud_Abbott" title="Bud Abbott">Bud Abbott</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lou_Costello" title="Lou Costello">Lou Costello</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Night_in_the_Tropics" title="One Night in the Tropics">One Night in the Tropics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buck_Privates" title="Buck Privates">Buck Privates</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Navy_(film)" title="In the Navy (film)">In the Navy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hold_That_Ghost" title="Hold That Ghost">Hold That Ghost</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keep_%27Em_Flying" title="Keep 'Em Flying">Keep 'Em Flying</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ride_%27Em_Cowboy_(1942_film)" title="Ride 'Em Cowboy (1942 film)">Ride 'Em Cowboy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rio_Rita_(1942_film)" title="Rio Rita (1942 film)">Rio Rita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pardon_My_Sarong" title="Pardon My Sarong">Pardon My Sarong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Done_It%3F_(1942_film)" title="Who Done It? (1942 film)">Who Done It?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Ain%27t_Hay" title="It Ain't Hay">It Ain't Hay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hit_the_Ice_(film)" title="Hit the Ice (film)">Hit the Ice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Society" title="In Society">In Society</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_a_Harem" title="Lost in a Harem">Lost in a Harem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here_Come_the_Co-Eds" title="Here Come the Co-Eds">Here Come the Co-Eds</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Naughty_Nineties" title="The Naughty Nineties">The Naughty Nineties</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_in_Hollywood" title="Abbott and Costello in Hollywood">Abbott and Costello in Hollywood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Giant" title="Little Giant">Little Giant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Time_of_Their_Lives" title="The Time of Their Lives">The Time of Their Lives</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buck_Privates_Come_Home" title="Buck Privates Come Home">Buck Privates Come Home</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wistful_Widow_of_Wagon_Gap" title="The Wistful Widow of Wagon Gap">The Wistful Widow of Wagon Gap</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Noose_Hangs_High" title="The Noose Hangs High">The Noose Hangs High</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Frankenstein" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein">Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Hayride" title="Mexican Hayride">Mexican Hayride</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Africa_Screams" title="Africa Screams">Africa Screams</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Killer,_Boris_Karloff" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer, Boris Karloff">Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer, Boris Karloff</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_in_the_Foreign_Legion" title="Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion">Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Invisible_Man" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man">Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comin%27_Round_the_Mountain" title="Comin' Round the Mountain">Comin' Round the Mountain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_and_the_Beanstalk_(1952_film)" title="Jack and the Beanstalk (1952 film)">Jack and the Beanstalk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_Alaska" title="Lost in Alaska">Lost in Alaska</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Captain_Kidd" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Captain Kidd">Abbott and Costello Meet Captain Kidd</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Go_to_Mars" title="Abbott and Costello Go to Mars">Abbott and Costello Go to Mars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Dr._Jekyll_and_Mr._Hyde" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde">Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Keystone_Kops" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Keystone Kops">Abbott and Costello Meet the Keystone Kops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_the_Mummy" title="Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy">Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_with_Me,_Henry" title="Dance with Me, Henry">Dance with Me, Henry</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_30_Foot_Bride_of_Candy_Rock" title="The 30 Foot Bride of Candy Rock">The 30 Foot Bride of Candy Rock</a></i> (Costello only)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_of_Abbott_and_Costello" title="The World of Abbott and Costello">The World of Abbott and Costello</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shorts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/10,000_Kids_and_a_Cop" title="10,000 Kids and a Cop">10,000 Kids and a Cop</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Abbott_and_Costello_Show" title="The Abbott and Costello Show">The Abbott and Costello Show</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Abbott_and_Costello_Show_episodes" title="List of The Abbott and Costello Show episodes">episodes</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Abbott_and_Costello_Cartoon_Show" title="The Abbott and Costello Cartoon Show">The Abbott and Costello Cartoon Show</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Abbott_and_Costello_Show_(radio_program)" title="The Abbott and Costello Show (radio program)">The Abbott and Costello Show</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Who%27s_on_First%3F" title="Who's on First?">Who's on First?</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cartoons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babbit_and_Catstello" title="Babbit and Catstello">Babbit and Catstello</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Tale_of_Two_Kitties" title="A Tale of Two Kitties">A Tale of Two Kitties</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mouse-Merized_Cat" title="The Mouse-Merized Cat">The Mouse-Merized Cat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tale_of_Two_Mice" title="Tale of Two Mice">Tale of Two Mice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Canine_Canteen" title="Hollywood Canine Canteen">Hollywood Canine Canteen</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23679#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23679#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23679#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/bd66f7df-645c-4cc3-9f0a-b1011338a671">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&oldid=1259822554">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abbott_and_Costello&oldid=1259822554</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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