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-webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Ethiopia</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">18,822 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Ethiopia</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Ethiopia">People</a></li></ul></div><style 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24976546/Health_Insurance_Technology_in_Ethiopia_Willingness_to_Pay_and_Its_Implication_for_Health_Care_Financing">Health Insurance Technology in Ethiopia: Willingness to Pay and Its Implication for Health Care Financing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Low-income households in rural areas of Ethiopia are facing catastrophic out-of-pocket health care expenditure due to lack of proper financing mechanism complemented with unexpected health related shock. However, to smooth their health... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24976546" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Low-income households in rural areas of Ethiopia are facing catastrophic out-of-pocket health care expenditure due to lack of proper financing mechanism complemented with unexpected health related shock. However, to smooth their health care consumer spending, they need to have a cost-effective health insurance. This study analyzes' Households Willingness to Pay (WTP) for health insurance and the potential market for this cost effective health insurance products. The data used in this study was collected from rural households in East Shewa zone, Adama Woreda, which constitutes about 500 household heads respondents. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) with double bounded dichotomous choice (DBDC) elicitation method was used to estimate respondents WTP for proposed health insurance technology. The result of the study shows that households' average WTP (considering their ability to pay) is higher than their cost of public health care and self-treatment per year at a national level on average. Variables such as farm income, frequent visit to the health center, age, education, and insurance cost (premium) are significant determinants of households' willingness to pay. For the hypothetical health insurance scenario, households do have enough willingness to pay to cover cost for public health care consumption expenditure if the payment mode is planned, conducive and once per year. The study implies valuable information for policy makers and concerned stakeholders such as the Ministry of health and different private insurance provider in health care financing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24976546" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="608f0e36cb30612bdf96714ced1a902c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45307314,"asset_id":24976546,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45307314/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10561352" href="https://utas.academia.edu/NnaemekaEmodi">Nnaemeka V Emodi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10561352" type="text/json">{"id":10561352,"first_name":"Nnaemeka","last_name":"Emodi","domain_name":"utas","page_name":"NnaemekaEmodi","display_name":"Nnaemeka V Emodi","profile_url":"https://utas.academia.edu/NnaemekaEmodi?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10561352/3193141/35363720/s65_nnaemeka.emodi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24976546 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24976546"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24976546, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24976546", }); 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However, to smooth their health care consumer spending, they need to have a cost-effective health insurance. This study analyzes' Households Willingness to Pay (WTP) for health insurance and the potential market for this cost effective health insurance products. The data used in this study was collected from rural households in East Shewa zone, Adama Woreda, which constitutes about 500 household heads respondents. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) with double bounded dichotomous choice (DBDC) elicitation method was used to estimate respondents WTP for proposed health insurance technology. The result of the study shows that households' average WTP (considering their ability to pay) is higher than their cost of public health care and self-treatment per year at a national level on average. Variables such as farm income, frequent visit to the health center, age, education, and insurance cost (premium) are significant determinants of households' willingness to pay. For the hypothetical health insurance scenario, households do have enough willingness to pay to cover cost for public health care consumption expenditure if the payment mode is planned, conducive and once per year. The study implies valuable information for policy makers and concerned stakeholders such as the Ministry of health and different private insurance provider in health care financing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45307314,"asset_id":24976546,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10561352,"first_name":"Nnaemeka","last_name":"Emodi","domain_name":"utas","page_name":"NnaemekaEmodi","display_name":"Nnaemeka V Emodi","profile_url":"https://utas.academia.edu/NnaemekaEmodi?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10561352/3193141/35363720/s65_nnaemeka.emodi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":91335,"name":"Cost Effectiveness Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Effectiveness_Analysis?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":102385,"name":"Willingness To Pay-WTP","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Willingness_To_Pay-WTP?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":475399,"name":"Health Insurance Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Insurance_Policy?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":1388211,"name":"Logit and Probit models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logit_and_Probit_models-1?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71580104" data-work_id="71580104" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71580104/The_Tigray_War_and_Regional_Implications_Volume_2_Final">The Tigray War and Regional Implications (Volume 2) Final</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A comprehensive analysis of the war in the Ethiopian region of Tigray. This builds on the work of Volume 1, published in June 2021 and takes the narrative about the war to December 2021. With a forward by the former New Zealand Prime... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71580104" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A comprehensive analysis of the war in the Ethiopian region of Tigray. This builds on the work of Volume 1, published in June 2021 and takes the narrative about the war to December 2021. With a forward by the former New Zealand Prime Minister, Helen Clark.<br />Chapters on: <br />1. The development of the war, with maps.<br />2. Humanitarian relief and famine<br />3. Eritrea and the sanctions regime<br />4. Diplomacy - both in the region and by the international community<br />5. Sexual violence and rape<br />6. The role of the Eritrean and Tigrayan diasporas<br />7. The looting and destruction of Tigray's unique heritage</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71580104" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e4cca6fc9bd32db7c20f8274ab657b7e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80862780,"asset_id":71580104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80862780/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4947728" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/MartinPlaut">Martin Plaut</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4947728" type="text/json">{"id":4947728,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Plaut","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"MartinPlaut","display_name":"Martin Plaut","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/MartinPlaut?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4947728/2138728/19411316/s65_martin.plaut.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71580104 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71580104"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71580104, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71580104", }); 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This builds on the work of Volume 1, published in June 2021 and takes the narrative about the war to December 2021. With a forward by the former New Zealand Prime Minister, Helen Clark.\nChapters on: \n1. The development of the war, with maps.\n2. Humanitarian relief and famine\n3. Eritrea and the sanctions regime\n4. Diplomacy - both in the region and by the international community\n5. Sexual violence and rape\n6. The role of the Eritrean and Tigrayan diasporas\n7. The looting and destruction of Tigray's unique heritage\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80862780,"asset_id":71580104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4947728,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Plaut","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"MartinPlaut","display_name":"Martin Plaut","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/MartinPlaut?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4947728/2138728/19411316/s65_martin.plaut.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":8697,"name":"European Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":9817,"name":"Humanitarian Intervention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanitarian_Intervention?f_ri=21361"},{"id":10318,"name":"British Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=21361"},{"id":13475,"name":"Foreign Aid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Aid?f_ri=21361"},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361"},{"id":22892,"name":"Eritrea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eritrea?f_ri=21361"},{"id":32571,"name":"Horn of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horn_of_Africa?f_ri=21361"},{"id":49396,"name":"African Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Union?f_ri=21361"},{"id":79735,"name":"USA Foreign Policy in Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/USA_Foreign_Policy_in_Africa?f_ri=21361"},{"id":218914,"name":"Antiquities Looting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiquities_Looting?f_ri=21361"},{"id":281447,"name":"Ethiopian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_History?f_ri=21361"},{"id":993963,"name":"Ethiopian Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_Christianity?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1897500,"name":"Tigray","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tigray?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36957797" data-work_id="36957797" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36957797/Black_Moses_the_DNA_evidence">Black Moses: the DNA evidence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">DNA and other evidence suggests the early history of the Hebrew Old Testament concerns two entirely separate people united by monotheism and military conquest. The first, taking the name of Israelites from Israel (Jacob), the grandson of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36957797" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">DNA and other evidence suggests the early history of the Hebrew Old Testament concerns two entirely separate people united by monotheism and military conquest. The first, taking the name of Israelites from Israel (Jacob), the grandson of the Patriarch Jacob, had a brief stay in the Egyptian Eastern Delta before falling out of favour and eventually fleeing to West Arabia in the chaos of Bronze Age collapse ca.1200 BC. There they were overwhelmed in a lengthy campaign by a black Nubian Cushitic-speaking people called the Hebrew, recently converted to the cult of YHWH. The two peoples intermarried but the Nubian priesthood dominated thereafter and eventually reinvented itself as part of the Semitic Abrahamic tradition. Cut off through Babylonian exile from its gene pool in West Arabia, the Nubian high priesthood identified the present-day area of Israel and Palestine as the Promised Land of Moses and portrayed themselves as a special Middle East people who had escaped slavery in the Delta, not as a black Nubian enslaved gold mining force that had fled to Yemen during a time of ecological disaster characterised by severe earthquake and volcanic activity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36957797" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b4a26c67f9cb56e79051df9361e13c6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56907854,"asset_id":36957797,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56907854/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="213409" href="https://queen-of-sheba-university.academia.edu/BernardLeeman">Bernard Leeman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="213409" type="text/json">{"id":213409,"first_name":"Bernard","last_name":"Leeman","domain_name":"queen-of-sheba-university","page_name":"BernardLeeman","display_name":"Bernard Leeman","profile_url":"https://queen-of-sheba-university.academia.edu/BernardLeeman?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/213409/48929/15115164/s65_bernard.leeman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36957797 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36957797"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36957797, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36957797", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36957797]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36957797").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36957797").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36957797"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">37</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abrahamic_Religions">Abrahamic Religions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="107" type="text/json">{"id":107,"name":"Abrahamic Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abrahamic_Religions?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15800" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History">Islamic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15800" type="text/json">{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17928" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Hebrew">Ancient Hebrew</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17928" type="text/json">{"id":17928,"name":"Ancient Hebrew","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Hebrew?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36957797]'), work: {"id":36957797,"title":"Black Moses: the DNA evidence","created_at":"2018-07-02T02:49:49.486-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36957797/Black_Moses_the_DNA_evidence?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_36957797","summary":"DNA and other evidence suggests the early history of the Hebrew Old Testament concerns two entirely separate people united by monotheism and military conquest. The first, taking the name of Israelites from Israel (Jacob), the grandson of the Patriarch Jacob, had a brief stay in the Egyptian Eastern Delta before falling out of favour and eventually fleeing to West Arabia in the chaos of Bronze Age collapse ca.1200 BC. There they were overwhelmed in a lengthy campaign by a black Nubian Cushitic-speaking people called the Hebrew, recently converted to the cult of YHWH. The two peoples intermarried but the Nubian priesthood dominated thereafter and eventually reinvented itself as part of the Semitic Abrahamic tradition. Cut off through Babylonian exile from its gene pool in West Arabia, the Nubian high priesthood identified the present-day area of Israel and Palestine as the Promised Land of Moses and portrayed themselves as a special Middle East people who had escaped slavery in the Delta, not as a black Nubian enslaved gold mining force that had fled to Yemen during a time of ecological disaster characterised by severe earthquake and volcanic activity. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56907854,"asset_id":36957797,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":213409,"first_name":"Bernard","last_name":"Leeman","domain_name":"queen-of-sheba-university","page_name":"BernardLeeman","display_name":"Bernard Leeman","profile_url":"https://queen-of-sheba-university.academia.edu/BernardLeeman?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/213409/48929/15115164/s65_bernard.leeman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":107,"name":"Abrahamic Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abrahamic_Religions?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":17928,"name":"Ancient 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Israelites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hebrew_Israelites?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1212319,"name":"Midianite-Kenite Hypothesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Midianite-Kenite_Hypothesis?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1566113,"name":"Midianites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Midianites?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1715579,"name":"Makeda Queen of Sheba","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Makeda_Queen_of_Sheba?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1997919,"name":"Twelve Tribes of Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2847826,"name":"Beta Israel history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beta_Israel_history?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34046949" data-work_id="34046949" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34046949/Kushitic_Oromos_Ancestry_in_Ethiopia_Ancient_Sudan_and_Semitic_Amharas_and_Tigrays_Abyssinians_Ancestry_in_Yemen">Kushitic Oromos' Ancestry in Ethiopia (: Ancient Sudan) & Semitic Amharas' & Tigrays' (Abyssinians') Ancestry in Yemen</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The following text is a response sent to an email dispatched to me by the Chairman of the exiled Oromo Parliamentarians who struggle for the Independence and Self-determination of the 5 millennia long Kushitic Ethiopian Nation of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34046949" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The following text is a response sent to an email dispatched to me by the Chairman of the exiled Oromo Parliamentarians who struggle for the Independence and Self-determination of the 5 millennia long Kushitic Ethiopian Nation of the Oromos. <br />The Hamitic - Kushitic Oromo Nation - due to criminal, inhuman and evil persecution conceived by the colonial powers (France, England and America) and executed by the colonially promoted barbaric and incestuous pseudo-Christian Abyssinians - lost their kingdoms and were engulfed within the Cemetery of Nations Fake Ethiopia, which consists in the world's most tyrannical realm and the location of the world's more abhorrent, more enduring, and more multifaceted genocides. There are more than 45 million Oromos in Abyssinia (Fake Ethiopia) and Kenya today, despite the notorious and pathetic falsehood propagated by Wikipedia. <br />The present text enumerates all the major points of historical distortion and falsification carried out and diffused by the colonial academia, mass media, and diplomats, as well as by their local agents and criminal executioners, i.e. the barbaric, incestuous and Anti-Christian tribes of Amhara and Tigray (: the Abyssinians), who usurped the fair name of Ethiopia, which historically denotes the land of North Sudan and the Kushitic Nation that prospered there either in the Antiquity or in the Christian Era. Both, the Oromos and the Arabic-speaking (but not Arab) populations of Northern-Central Sudan are the descendants of Ancient Sudan's (i.e. Ancient Ethiopia's) Kushitic populations.<br />Representative photographic documentation was herewith added to the text in order to better illustrate the topic.<br /><br />Refutation of historical forgeries propagated by European colonials and incestuous Abyssinians<br />First published here:<br /><a href="https://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/2017/07/26/kushitic-oromos-ancestry-in-ethiopia-ancient-sudan-semitic-amharas-tigrays-abyssinians-ancestry-in-yemen/" rel="nofollow">https://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/2017/07/26/kushitic-oromos-ancestry-in-ethiopia-ancient-sudan-semitic-amharas-tigrays-abyssinians-ancestry-in-yemen/</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34046949" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1f4ab1d52cb8b87355ec2b4b58d3246a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53985938,"asset_id":34046949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53985938/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44497389" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis">Shamsaddin Megalommatis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44497389" type="text/json">{"id":44497389,"first_name":"Shamsaddin","last_name":"Megalommatis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShamsaddinMegalommatis","display_name":"Shamsaddin Megalommatis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShamsaddinMegalommatis?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44497389/12057299/152717816/s65_shamsaddin.megalommatis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34046949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34046949"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34046949, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34046949", }); 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There are more than 45 million Oromos in Abyssinia (Fake Ethiopia) and Kenya today, despite the notorious and pathetic falsehood propagated by Wikipedia. \nThe present text enumerates all the major points of historical distortion and falsification carried out and diffused by the colonial academia, mass media, and diplomats, as well as by their local agents and criminal executioners, i.e. the barbaric, incestuous and Anti-Christian tribes of Amhara and Tigray (: the Abyssinians), who usurped the fair name of Ethiopia, which historically denotes the land of North Sudan and the Kushitic Nation that prospered there either in the Antiquity or in the Christian Era. 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u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Excavations were carried out in 1999 on the location of Stela 2 at the ancient site of Aksum in northern Ethiopia. These excavations have permitted the documentation of the foundation of this stela, which was transported to Rome in 1937.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3439296" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Excavations were carried out in 1999 on the location of Stela 2 at the ancient site of Aksum in northern Ethiopia. <br />These excavations have permitted the documentation of the foundation of this stela, which was transported to Rome in 1937. Preparations were also made for the stela’s return to the site in 2005 and its re-erection in 2008 at the exact location where it stood in the 3rd or 4th century AD. <br />The excavations also made it possible to re-examine our perception of the three giant stelae on the site, from their conception and erection to their destruction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3439296" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f14b73203854b497cfb0a6c311977a0f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31745325,"asset_id":3439296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31745325/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="194011" href="https://inrap.academia.edu/BertrandPoissonnier">Bertrand Poissonnier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="194011" type="text/json">{"id":194011,"first_name":"Bertrand","last_name":"Poissonnier","domain_name":"inrap","page_name":"BertrandPoissonnier","display_name":"Bertrand Poissonnier","profile_url":"https://inrap.academia.edu/BertrandPoissonnier?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/194011/46495/2279906/s65_bertrand.poissonnier.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3439296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3439296"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3439296, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3439296", }); 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Ritual Landscape","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obelisks._Ritual_Landscape?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34347216" data-work_id="34347216" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34347216/Konstr%C3%BCktivizm_Sosyal_%C4%B0n%C5%9Fac%C4%B1l%C4%B1k_Kuram%C4%B1_Ba%C4%9Flam%C4%B1nda_Afrika_Birli%C4%9Fi_The_African_Union_within_the_Social_Constructivist_Framework_">Konstrüktivizm (Sosyal İnşacılık) Kuramı Bağlamında Afrika Birliği (The African Union within the Social Constructivist Framework)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sosyal bir varlık olan insanın başından geçen olaylar sonucu edindiği tecrübeler, beşeri hayattaki örgütlenme gerekçelerini değiştirebilmekte veya çeşitlendirebilmektedir. Yaşanan bu süreç devam ettiği müddetçe ulusal veya uluslararası... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34347216" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sosyal bir varlık olan insanın başından geçen olaylar sonucu edindiği tecrübeler, beşeri hayattaki örgütlenme gerekçelerini değiştirebilmekte veya çeşitlendirebilmektedir. Yaşanan bu süreç devam ettiği müddetçe ulusal veya uluslararası örgütlenmelerin de hızla artacağı aşikârdır. Zira toplumları oluşturan fertlerin karşılıklı etkileşimiyle bu sürece dahil olan farklı kesimlerin çıkarları ve kimlikleri birleşince daha geniş alanları kapsama ve kolektifleşme eğilimi görülmektedir. Bu durum, bir örgütün bünyesinde barındırdığı ülkelerin çıkarlarını ve kimliklerini diğerleriyle yakınlaştırma eğilimi içerisine girerek, bu süreci yapıcı manada ilerletmekte ve ortak çıkar ile ortak kimlik olgusunun kapsadığı alanın da genişlemesini sağlamaktadır. Dolayısıyla uluslararası bir örgüt, zamanla kendi üyelerinden özerklik kazanıp, uluslararası sistemde kendi başına siyasi bir aktör olabilme yoluna girebilme gücüne ulaşabilmektedir. Bu yönüyle konstrüktivizm kuramı, uluslararası dengeler açısından temel birimlerin yalnızca devletler olmadığını; devletlerin çıkar ve kimliklerinin belirli bir tarihî süreçle şekillenmesi yanında Afrika Birliği'nin de yapısı gereği bu sistemin bir unsuru olduğunun altını çizmektedir.<br /><br />The experiences, which people as social beings accumulate, diversify and transform their aims of organization in social life. As this process prolongs, the number of national and international organizations shall increase rapidly. The interactions of individuals who make up societies combine with the identities and interests of different segments of people and produce a process of collectivization. This situation results in countries in an organization draw their identities and interests closer with others and enlarges the common space of identity and interest. Therefore, an international organization gains autonomy from its own members and transforms into a political actor on its own in international system. The constructivist theory underlines that states are not the only primary units in international arena, that the identity and interests of states shape through historical process and that African Union is a part of this system.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34347216" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3db50e7cb8d8d8ba070bf36777710fda" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54240228,"asset_id":34347216,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54240228/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29792481" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MuhammedTANDO%C4%9EAN">Muhammed TANDOĞAN</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29792481" type="text/json">{"id":29792481,"first_name":"Muhammed","last_name":"TANDOĞAN","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MuhammedTANDOĞAN","display_name":"Muhammed TANDOĞAN","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MuhammedTANDO%C4%9EAN?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29792481/8571147/77532958/s65_muhammed.tando_an.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34347216 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34347216"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34347216, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34347216", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34347216]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34347216").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34347216").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34347216"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1456" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese">Portuguese</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1456" type="text/json">{"id":1456,"name":"Portuguese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22892" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22892" type="text/json">{"id":22892,"name":"Eritrea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eritrea?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34642" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel">Israel</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34642" type="text/json">{"id":34642,"name":"Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34347216]'), work: {"id":34347216,"title":"Konstrüktivizm (Sosyal İnşacılık) Kuramı Bağlamında Afrika Birliği (The African Union within the Social Constructivist Framework)","created_at":"2017-08-24T22:13:54.652-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34347216/Konstr%C3%BCktivizm_Sosyal_%C4%B0n%C5%9Fac%C4%B1l%C4%B1k_Kuram%C4%B1_Ba%C4%9Flam%C4%B1nda_Afrika_Birli%C4%9Fi_The_African_Union_within_the_Social_Constructivist_Framework_?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_34347216","summary":"Sosyal bir varlık olan insanın başından geçen olaylar sonucu edindiği tecrübeler, beşeri hayattaki örgütlenme gerekçelerini değiştirebilmekte veya çeşitlendirebilmektedir. Yaşanan bu süreç devam ettiği müddetçe ulusal veya uluslararası örgütlenmelerin de hızla artacağı aşikârdır. Zira toplumları oluşturan fertlerin karşılıklı etkileşimiyle bu sürece dahil olan farklı kesimlerin çıkarları ve kimlikleri birleşince daha geniş alanları kapsama ve kolektifleşme eğilimi görülmektedir. Bu durum, bir örgütün bünyesinde barındırdığı ülkelerin çıkarlarını ve kimliklerini diğerleriyle yakınlaştırma eğilimi içerisine girerek, bu süreci yapıcı manada ilerletmekte ve ortak çıkar ile ortak kimlik olgusunun kapsadığı alanın da genişlemesini sağlamaktadır. Dolayısıyla uluslararası bir örgüt, zamanla kendi üyelerinden özerklik kazanıp, uluslararası sistemde kendi başına siyasi bir aktör olabilme yoluna girebilme gücüne ulaşabilmektedir. Bu yönüyle konstrüktivizm kuramı, uluslararası dengeler açısından temel birimlerin yalnızca devletler olmadığını; devletlerin çıkar ve kimliklerinin belirli bir tarihî süreçle şekillenmesi yanında Afrika Birliği'nin de yapısı gereği bu sistemin bir unsuru olduğunun altını çizmektedir.\n\nThe experiences, which people as social beings accumulate, diversify and transform their aims of organization in social life. As this process prolongs, the number of national and international organizations shall increase rapidly. The interactions of individuals who make up societies combine with the identities and interests of different segments of people and produce a process of collectivization. This situation results in countries in an organization draw their identities and interests closer with others and enlarges the common space of identity and interest. Therefore, an international organization gains autonomy from its own members and transforms into a political actor on its own in international system. The constructivist theory underlines that states are not the only primary units in international arena, that the identity and interests of states shape through historical process and that African Union is a part of this system.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54240228,"asset_id":34347216,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29792481,"first_name":"Muhammed","last_name":"TANDOĞAN","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MuhammedTANDOĞAN","display_name":"Muhammed TANDOĞAN","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MuhammedTANDO%C4%9EAN?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29792481/8571147/77532958/s65_muhammed.tando_an.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1456,"name":"Portuguese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":22892,"name":"Eritrea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eritrea?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":34642,"name":"Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":62467,"name":"Piracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piracy?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2012162,"name":"Ottoman State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_State?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2772904,"name":"the Red Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/the_Red_Sea?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2772906,"name":"Harar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harar?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80058651" data-work_id="80058651" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80058651/Journal_of_Veterinary_Medicine_and_Animal_Health">Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80058651" data-share-source="work_strip" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8646199" href="https://haramaya.academia.edu/dinaolBelina">dinaol Belina</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8646199" type="text/json">{"id":8646199,"first_name":"dinaol","last_name":"Belina","domain_name":"haramaya","page_name":"dinaolBelina","display_name":"dinaol Belina","profile_url":"https://haramaya.academia.edu/dinaolBelina?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8646199/9832773/10958263/s65_dinaol.belina.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80058651 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80058651"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80058651, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80058651", }); });</script></li><li 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var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80058651]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80058651").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80058651").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80058651"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effectiveness">Effectiveness</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1821" type="text/json">{"id":1821,"name":"Effectiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effectiveness?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50781" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haematology">Haematology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50781" type="text/json">{"id":50781,"name":"Haematology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haematology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80058651]'), work: {"id":80058651,"title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","created_at":"2022-05-27T09:40:17.801-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80058651/Journal_of_Veterinary_Medicine_and_Animal_Health?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_80058651","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86566484,"asset_id":80058651,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8646199,"first_name":"dinaol","last_name":"Belina","domain_name":"haramaya","page_name":"dinaolBelina","display_name":"dinaol Belina","profile_url":"https://haramaya.academia.edu/dinaolBelina?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8646199/9832773/10958263/s65_dinaol.belina.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":1821,"name":"Effectiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effectiveness?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":50781,"name":"Haematology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haematology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":66080,"name":"Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age?f_ri=21361"},{"id":94271,"name":"Parasite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasite?f_ri=21361"},{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia?f_ri=21361"},{"id":129770,"name":"Key words","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Key_words?f_ri=21361"},{"id":146949,"name":"Bovine Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bovine_Tuberculosis?f_ri=21361"},{"id":164565,"name":"Gondar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gondar?f_ri=21361"},{"id":164859,"name":"DCM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DCM?f_ri=21361"},{"id":252969,"name":"Goats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Goats?f_ri=21361"},{"id":260829,"name":"Cattle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cattle?f_ri=21361"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=21361"},{"id":985415,"name":"Abattoir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abattoir?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1187634,"name":"P","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/P?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1314833,"name":"Road Transportation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Road_Transportation?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1818464,"name":"Quails","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quails?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2432544,"name":"Septicemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Septicemia?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2522881,"name":"gastrointestinal nematodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/gastrointestinal_nematodes?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64317244" data-work_id="64317244" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64317244/Observations_on_the_Clinical_Examination_of_the_Camel_Camelus_dromedarius_in_the_Field">Observations on the Clinical Examination of the Camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) in the Field</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Camels usually inhabit remote areas, where diagnostic facilities and laboratories are very scarce. The species differences between the camel and other domestic animals necessitate some specific examination techniques. The objective of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64317244" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Camels usually inhabit remote areas, where diagnostic facilities and laboratories are very scarce. The species differences between the camel and other domestic animals necessitate some specific examination techniques. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical examination methods and sources of common errors that require special consideration in the camel. Young camels are examined in the standing position, while adults require restraint. Restraining procedures, both standing and in sternal recumbency, are described. New equipment and a crush were designed. The body temperature of the camels examined fluctuated from 35.7 to 38.9°C, being lowest in the morning and highest in the afternoon; high temperature in the morning is indicative of fever, while high afternoon temperatures could be hyperthermia. It was difficult to take the pulse rate for routine procedures. The heart rate ranged from 35 to 50 per min; there was no difference between the heart rate in the morning a...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64317244" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="21ff27e8b99481094f0efd8be886472f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76406863,"asset_id":64317244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76406863/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="172808978" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MeftheTefera">Mefthe Tefera</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="172808978" type="text/json">{"id":172808978,"first_name":"Mefthe","last_name":"Tefera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MeftheTefera","display_name":"Mefthe Tefera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MeftheTefera?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64317244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64317244"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64317244, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64317244", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64317244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64317244").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64317244").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64317244"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology">Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="167" type="text/json">{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="657" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Medicine">Veterinary Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="657" type="text/json">{"id":657,"name":"Veterinary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Medicine?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64317244]'), work: {"id":64317244,"title":"Observations on the Clinical Examination of the Camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) in the Field","created_at":"2021-12-15T08:14:15.350-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64317244/Observations_on_the_Clinical_Examination_of_the_Camel_Camelus_dromedarius_in_the_Field?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_64317244","summary":"Camels usually inhabit remote areas, where diagnostic facilities and laboratories are very scarce. The species differences between the camel and other domestic animals necessitate some specific examination techniques. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical examination methods and sources of common errors that require special consideration in the camel. Young camels are examined in the standing position, while adults require restraint. Restraining procedures, both standing and in sternal recumbency, are described. New equipment and a crush were designed. The body temperature of the camels examined fluctuated from 35.7 to 38.9°C, being lowest in the morning and highest in the afternoon; high temperature in the morning is indicative of fever, while high afternoon temperatures could be hyperthermia. It was difficult to take the pulse rate for routine procedures. The heart rate ranged from 35 to 50 per min; there was no difference between the heart rate in the morning a...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76406863,"asset_id":64317244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":172808978,"first_name":"Mefthe","last_name":"Tefera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MeftheTefera","display_name":"Mefthe Tefera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MeftheTefera?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":657,"name":"Veterinary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Medicine?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=21361"},{"id":35414,"name":"Veterinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary?f_ri=21361"},{"id":114630,"name":"Camels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Camels?f_ri=21361"},{"id":131298,"name":"Heart rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_rate?f_ri=21361"},{"id":191117,"name":"High Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Temperature?f_ri=21361"},{"id":202428,"name":"Respiration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiration?f_ri=21361"},{"id":240716,"name":"Body Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Temperature?f_ri=21361"},{"id":516735,"name":"Physical examination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_examination?f_ri=21361"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=21361"},{"id":661684,"name":"Pulse Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulse_Rate?f_ri=21361"},{"id":831691,"name":"Animal Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Diseases?f_ri=21361"},{"id":911025,"name":"Lymph Node","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymph_Node?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1030683,"name":"Rumen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rumen?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2295471,"name":"Respiratory Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiratory_Rate?f_ri=21361"},{"id":3622123,"name":"Domestic animal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_animal?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61273981" data-work_id="61273981" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61273981/Epidemiology_of_nematode_parasites_of_sheep_around_Jimma_southwestern_Ethiopia">Epidemiology of nematode parasites of sheep around Jimma, southwestern Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61273981" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate">Climate</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13701" type="text/json">{"id":13701,"name":"Climate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57433" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality">Seasonality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57433" type="text/json">{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61273981]'), work: {"id":61273981,"title":"Epidemiology of nematode parasites of sheep around Jimma, southwestern Ethiopia","created_at":"2021-11-08T00:04:46.017-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61273981/Epidemiology_of_nematode_parasites_of_sheep_around_Jimma_southwestern_Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_61273981","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74357652,"asset_id":61273981,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34820138,"first_name":"Markos","last_name":"Tibbo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarkosTibboDambi","display_name":"Markos Tibbo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarkosTibboDambi?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34820138/15518564/16120552/s65_markos.tibbo_dambi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":13701,"name":"Climate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":84913,"name":"Sheep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sheep?f_ri=21361"},{"id":448916,"name":"Abattoirs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abattoirs?f_ri=21361"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=21361"},{"id":564878,"name":"Body Weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Weight?f_ri=21361"},{"id":632512,"name":"Tropical animal health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_animal_health?f_ri=21361"},{"id":649451,"name":"Seasons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasons?f_ri=21361"},{"id":733594,"name":"Rotational Grazing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotational_Grazing?f_ri=21361"},{"id":749782,"name":"Long Term Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Monitoring?f_ri=21361"},{"id":928896,"name":"Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Small Ruminants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology_of_Gastrointestinal_Nematodes_In_Small_Ruminants?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2504686,"name":"Packed cell volume","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Packed_cell_volume?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2573890,"name":"Body Weight Gain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Weight_Gain?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2677637,"name":"Sex Characteristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Characteristics?f_ri=21361"},{"id":3617396,"name":"Climatic condition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatic_condition?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28472178 coauthored" data-work_id="28472178" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28472178/Awareness_and_attitudes_of_a_rural_Ethiopian_community_toward_suicidal_behaviour_A_key_informant_study_in_Butajira_Ethiopia">Awareness and attitudes of a rural Ethiopian community toward suicidal behaviour: A key informant study in Butajira, Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28472178" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a0bff30fd79038078c0e1dac01a79ff" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48821768,"asset_id":28472178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli">Escherichia coli</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="83128" type="text/json">{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133057" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/71242951/Readiness_of_Health_Centers_and_Primary_Hospitals_for_the_Implementation_of_Proposed_Health_Insurance_Schemes_in_Southwest_Ethiopia">Readiness of Health Centers and Primary Hospitals for the Implementation of Proposed Health Insurance Schemes in Southwest Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In response to the 2005 World Health Assembly, many low income countries developed different healthcare financing mechanisms with risk pooling stategy to ensure universal coverage of health services. Accordingly, service availability and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71242951" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In response to the 2005 World Health Assembly, many low income countries developed different healthcare financing mechanisms with risk pooling stategy to ensure universal coverage of health services. Accordingly, service availability and readiness of the health system to bear the responsibility of providing service have critical importance. The objective of this study was to assess service availability and readiness of health centers and primary hospitals to bear the responsibility of providing service for the members of health insurance schemes. A facility based cross sectional study design with quantitative data collection methods was employed. Of the total 18 districts in Jimma Zone, 6(33.3%) districts were selected randomly. In the selected districts, there were 21 functional public health facilities (health centers and primary hospitals) which were included in the study. Data were collected by interviewer administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were calculated by usi...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71242951" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="874731e069142358d562d8b311b169fc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80672471,"asset_id":71242951,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80672471/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="176437940" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SAbazinab">Sabit Abazinab</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="176437940" type="text/json">{"id":176437940,"first_name":"Sabit","last_name":"Abazinab","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SAbazinab","display_name":"Sabit Abazinab","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SAbazinab?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71242951 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71242951"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71242951, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71242951", }); 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Accordingly, service availability and readiness of the health system to bear the responsibility of providing service have critical importance. The objective of this study was to assess service availability and readiness of health centers and primary hospitals to bear the responsibility of providing service for the members of health insurance schemes. A facility based cross sectional study design with quantitative data collection methods was employed. Of the total 18 districts in Jimma Zone, 6(33.3%) districts were selected randomly. In the selected districts, there were 21 functional public health facilities (health centers and primary hospitals) which were included in the study. Data were collected by interviewer administered questionnaire. 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Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Perception?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":153168,"name":"Data Collection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Collection?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":160242,"name":"Hiv Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hiv_Infection?f_ri=21361"},{"id":320996,"name":"HIV testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_testing?f_ri=21361"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=21361"},{"id":562100,"name":"North East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_East?f_ri=21361"},{"id":690362,"name":"Risk Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Behavior?f_ri=21361"},{"id":791585,"name":"Health Care Provider","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Provider?f_ri=21361"},{"id":874382,"name":"Medical 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href="https://www.academia.edu/16817995/Evidence_for_stone_tool_assisted_consumption_of_animal_tissues_before_3_39_million_years_ago_at_Dikika_Ethiopia">Evidence for stone-tool-assisted consumption of animal tissues before 3.39 million years ago at Dikika, Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16817995" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a9ceb76579d44b48fc6c1961c3add93" rel="nofollow" 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Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Power?f_ri=21361"},{"id":519447,"name":"Hominidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominidae?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1256683,"name":"Bone and Bones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_and_Bones?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39996158" data-work_id="39996158" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39996158/Ethiopian_Lakes">Ethiopian Lakes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Of numerous lakes available in Ethiopia few are here for your inspiration…Lake Tana, Lake Awassa , Chamo and Abayaa Lakes, Lake Langano, Lake Zquala and lake Zewaye</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39996158" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c60537c6d5ddfbbe1088ab795cc0b2f6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60186666,"asset_id":39996158,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60186666/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down 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u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2985" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_Studies">Ethiopian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2985" type="text/json">{"id":2985,"name":"Ethiopian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_Studies?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13269" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_languages">Ethiopian languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13269" type="text/json">{"id":13269,"name":"Ethiopian languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_languages?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21009" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Ethiopia">Anthropology of Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21009" type="text/json">{"id":21009,"name":"Anthropology of Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39996158]'), work: {"id":39996158,"title":"Ethiopian Lakes","created_at":"2019-08-02T05:15:00.309-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39996158/Ethiopian_Lakes?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_39996158","summary":"Of numerous lakes available in Ethiopia few are here for your inspiration…Lake Tana, Lake Awassa , Chamo and Abayaa Lakes, Lake Langano, Lake Zquala and lake Zewaye 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35690985/Formal_Education_and_Migration_Aspirations_in_Ethiopia">Formal Education and Migration Aspirations in Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Expanding access to formal education is a universal aim of development policy worldwide, and young people today are gaining access to schooling on unprecedented levels. Taking Ethiopia as a case study, this paper explores the mobility... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35690985" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Expanding access to formal education is a universal aim of development policy worldwide, and young people today are gaining access to schooling on unprecedented levels. Taking Ethiopia as a case study, this paper explores the mobility impacts of increasing educational attainment. First, we analyse internal migration data for Ethiopia using national Labour Force Survey data, and find that that rural-to-urban migration has now replaced rural-to-rural migration as most common migration trajectory within Ethiopia. The pursuit of work and education were key motivations for rural-to-urban migration, and those with higher levels of education moved more. Second, we show how rising levels of primary and secondary education influence aspirations to migrate, distinguishing between internal and international destinations. Using novel survey data collected among rural and urban Ethiopian youth for the Young Lives project, we find that even completing primary levels of education increases the aspiration to live elsewhere. By studying the linkages between education and migration aspirations, alongside other development indicators like wealth, employment, and levels of self-efficacy, this paper contributes to an on-going debate about the relationship between development and migration and challenges common assumptions that migration is simply driven by poverty and need in poorer countries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35690985" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8dc36b879a537ce3468bb16131a04331" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55562061,"asset_id":35690985,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55562061/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18733072" href="https://duke.academia.edu/KerilynSchewel">Kerilyn Schewel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18733072" type="text/json">{"id":18733072,"first_name":"Kerilyn","last_name":"Schewel","domain_name":"duke","page_name":"KerilynSchewel","display_name":"Kerilyn Schewel","profile_url":"https://duke.academia.edu/KerilynSchewel?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18733072/5209299/44146522/s65_kerilyn.schewel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35690985 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35690985"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35690985, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35690985", }); 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5302529/Teaching_mothers_to_provide_home_treatment_of_malaria_in_Tigray_Ethiopia_a_randomised_trial">Teaching mothers to provide home treatment of malaria in Tigray, Ethiopia: a randomised trial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5302529" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a534de068dd706b31de92216ac6aeda" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17969" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy">Health Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17969" type="text/json">{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5302529]'), work: {"id":5302529,"title":"Teaching mothers to provide home treatment of 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78027936/Evaluation_of_a_measles_vaccine_campaign_in_Ethiopia_using_oral_fluid_antibody_surveys">Evaluation of a measles vaccine campaign in Ethiopia using oral-fluid antibody surveys</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We undertook a study to demonstrate the potential contribution of oral-fluid (OF) antibody prevalence surveys in evaluating measles vaccine campaigns. In Asela town, southern Ethiopia, oral fluids were collected from 1928 children aged 9... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78027936" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We undertook a study to demonstrate the potential contribution of oral-fluid (OF) antibody prevalence surveys in evaluating measles vaccine campaigns. In Asela town, southern Ethiopia, oral fluids were collected from 1928 children aged 9 months to 5 years attending for campaign immunization in December 1999 and 6 months later, from 745 individuals aged 9 months to 19 years, in the same location. Measles antibody status was determined by microimmune measles specific IgG enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Antibody prevalence was estimated at 48% in children attending for vaccination (pre-campaign), and 85% post-campaign in the comparable age group. The estimated reduction in the susceptible proportion was 75%. In older children the proportion antibody negative post-campaign was 28% in 7-9 year olds, and 13% in 10-14 year olds levels of susceptibility which raise concern over continued measles transmission. This is the first evaluation of a measles vaccine campaign based on oral-fluid seroprevalence surveys and it demonstrates the merit of oral-fluid surveys in informing health authorities about vaccination strategy refinement.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78027936" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="164441535" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EshetuLemma3">Eshetu Lemma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="164441535" type="text/json">{"id":164441535,"first_name":"Eshetu","last_name":"Lemma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EshetuLemma3","display_name":"Eshetu Lemma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EshetuLemma3?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78027936 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78027936"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78027936, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78027936", }); 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This is the first evaluation of a measles vaccine campaign based on oral-fluid seroprevalence surveys and it demonstrates the merit of oral-fluid surveys in informing health authorities about vaccination strategy refinement.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":164441535,"first_name":"Eshetu","last_name":"Lemma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EshetuLemma3","display_name":"Eshetu Lemma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EshetuLemma3?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological 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preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2583557,"name":"Enzyme Immunoassay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Immunoassay?f_ri=21361"},{"id":3755587,"name":"Mass vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_vaccination?f_ri=21361"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76317713" data-work_id="76317713" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76317713/Farmers_perception_of_impacts_of_bovine_trypanosomosis_and_tsetse_fly_in_selected_districts_in_Baro_Akobo_and_Gojeb_river_basins_Southwestern_Ethiopia">Farmers’ perception of impacts of bovine trypanosomosis and tsetse fly in selected districts in Baro-Akobo and Gojeb river basins, Southwestern Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76317713" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9cffe2a0a10e9c8d0e916396e4557bd2" rel="nofollow" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29046542/Le_Processus_de_paix_pour_lEthiopie_et_lErythr%C3%A9e">Le Processus de paix pour l'Ethiopie et l'Erythrée</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Le choix de traiter le processus de paix pour l’Erythrée et L’Ethiopie comme sujet de mémoire est influencé par mon immense désir de voir la paix s´installer non seulement entre ces deux Etats, mais également dans toute la région de la... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29046542" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Le choix de traiter le processus de paix pour l’Erythrée et L’Ethiopie comme sujet de mémoire est influencé par mon immense désir de voir la paix s´installer non seulement entre ces deux Etats, mais également dans  toute la région de la Corne de l’Afrique ébranlée depuis des décennies par des conflits meurtriers, du Soudan jusqu’en Somalie. <br />Pour cela la résolution du  conflit entre l’Ethiopie et l’Erythrée, qui persiste encore, est jugée comme un facteur crucial tant les répercussions sont considérables pour les autres conflits de la région. Ces répercussions s´étendent également aux Etats occidentaux à travers les vagues de réfugiés, de migrants,  ou encore des actes de piraterie observés récemment en Somalie et largement médiatisés. Cela dit, il ne faut pas oublier les craintes de voir s´installer un islamisme militant et internationalisé dans la région qui fait beaucoup parler d´elle dans la presse actuelle. Le conflit s’est donc internationalisé .<br />Par ailleurs, il est important d´évoquer le rôle que joue et que peut jouer le droit international dans la résolution des conflits inter- étatiques à travers  ce cas. <br />Le projet a donc comme but d´analyser le processus de paix pour en tirer des conclusions basées sur les résultats, d’éclairer le rôle que joue et que peut jouer le droit international pour le maintien de la paix dans le monde et plus spécialement pour le cas analysé. Je commence par un aperçu du conflit comme introduction. Ensuite je présente les deux accords fondamentaux pour l’analyse : les accords d´Alger. J´analyserai après, le déroulement des procédures envisagées dans ces accords. Là-dessus, je me concentrerai sur la mission des Nations Unies pour l’Erythrée et l’Ethiopie (MINUEE) et le travail de la commission frontalière pour l’Erythrée et l’Ethiopie (CFEE). Les tentatives diplomatiques pour résoudre la crise entre les deux Etats seront également mentionnées, notamment la crise de démarcation de la frontière. Avant de passer à la conclusion j’analyserai l’exigence érythréenne d’une action punitive par le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies en mettant en question l’obligation et  la probabilité d’une telle action. La conclusion contient les résultats majeurs de l’analyse du processus de paix et donne une idée sur l’efficacité du droit international face à la souveraineté des Etats.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29046542" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="083fb43defaf5313f63c9c597d2b0049" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49499686,"asset_id":29046542,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49499686/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54769525" href="https://hertie-school.academia.edu/AlexanderSchwarzer">Alexander Schwarzer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54769525" type="text/json">{"id":54769525,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Schwarzer","domain_name":"hertie-school","page_name":"AlexanderSchwarzer","display_name":"Alexander Schwarzer","profile_url":"https://hertie-school.academia.edu/AlexanderSchwarzer?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/2cdf828e795cd701f8a9fe186a2011a7?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29046542 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29046542"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29046542, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29046542", }); 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Ces répercussions s´étendent également aux Etats occidentaux à travers les vagues de réfugiés, de migrants, ou encore des actes de piraterie observés récemment en Somalie et largement médiatisés. Cela dit, il ne faut pas oublier les craintes de voir s´installer un islamisme militant et internationalisé dans la région qui fait beaucoup parler d´elle dans la presse actuelle. Le conflit s’est donc internationalisé .\nPar ailleurs, il est important d´évoquer le rôle que joue et que peut jouer le droit international dans la résolution des conflits inter- étatiques à travers ce cas. \nLe projet a donc comme but d´analyser le processus de paix pour en tirer des conclusions basées sur les résultats, d’éclairer le rôle que joue et que peut jouer le droit international pour le maintien de la paix dans le monde et plus spécialement pour le cas analysé. Je commence par un aperçu du conflit comme introduction. Ensuite je présente les deux accords fondamentaux pour l’analyse : les accords d´Alger. J´analyserai après, le déroulement des procédures envisagées dans ces accords. Là-dessus, je me concentrerai sur la mission des Nations Unies pour l’Erythrée et l’Ethiopie (MINUEE) et le travail de la commission frontalière pour l’Erythrée et l’Ethiopie (CFEE). Les tentatives diplomatiques pour résoudre la crise entre les deux Etats seront également mentionnées, notamment la crise de démarcation de la frontière. Avant de passer à la conclusion j’analyserai l’exigence érythréenne d’une action punitive par le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies en mettant en question l’obligation et la probabilité d’une telle action. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction">Reproduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4559" type="text/json">{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19826" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactation">Lactation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19826" type="text/json">{"id":19826,"name":"Lactation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactation?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour">Animal Behaviour</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22838" type="text/json">{"id":22838,"name":"Animal Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behaviour?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48337233]'), work: {"id":48337233,"title":"The reproductive cycle of the gelada baboon","created_at":"2021-05-04T14:26:18.839-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48337233/The_reproductive_cycle_of_the_gelada_baboon?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_48337233","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67003100,"asset_id":48337233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12767910,"first_name":"robin","last_name":"dunbar","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"rdunbar","display_name":"robin 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Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2915986,"name":"Haplorhini","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haplorhini?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14992937" data-work_id="14992937" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14992937/Using_a_GIS_to_model_interventions_to_strengthen_the_emergency_referral_system_for_maternal_and_newborn_health_in_Ethiopia">Using a GIS to model interventions to strengthen the emergency referral system for maternal and newborn health in Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14992937" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="50550603beaaf57a165d3a0bc4ec0db3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43669420,"asset_id":14992937,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43669420/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33989310" href="https://columbia.academia.edu/LynnFreedman">Lynn Freedman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33989310" type="text/json">{"id":33989310,"first_name":"Lynn","last_name":"Freedman","domain_name":"columbia","page_name":"LynnFreedman","display_name":"Lynn Freedman","profile_url":"https://columbia.academia.edu/LynnFreedman?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14992937 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14992937"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14992937, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14992937", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14992937 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14992937; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14992937"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); 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u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1681" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making">Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1681" type="text/json">{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9191" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis">Network Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9191" type="text/json">{"id":9191,"name":"Network Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14992937]'), work: {"id":14992937,"title":"Using a GIS to model interventions to strengthen the emergency referral system for maternal and newborn health in 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Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":52043,"name":"Maternal Mortality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Mortality?f_ri=21361"},{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=21361"},{"id":55155,"name":"Emergency Medical Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergency_Medical_Services?f_ri=21361"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=21361"},{"id":103289,"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gynecology_and_Obstetrics?f_ri=21361"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=21361"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1213131,"name":"Geographic Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1286118,"name":"GIS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GIS?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1310413,"name":"Child Health Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Health_Services?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19281136" data-work_id="19281136" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19281136/Within_herd_spread_of_contagious_bovine_pleuropneumonia_in_Ethiopian_highlands">Within-herd spread of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Ethiopian highlands</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19281136" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f6be2c621acb9a26df836bdb87e22592" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40533343,"asset_id":19281136,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40533343/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29507503" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RenaudLancelot">Renaud Lancelot</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29507503" type="text/json">{"id":29507503,"first_name":"Renaud","last_name":"Lancelot","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RenaudLancelot","display_name":"Renaud Lancelot","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RenaudLancelot?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19281136 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19281136"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19281136, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19281136", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19281136 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19281136; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19281136"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19281136 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19281136"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19281136; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19281136]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19281136").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19281136").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19281136"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Husbandry">Animal Husbandry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37881" type="text/json">{"id":37881,"name":"Animal Husbandry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Husbandry?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43819" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preventive_Veterinary_Medicine">Preventive Veterinary Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43819" type="text/json">{"id":43819,"name":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preventive_Veterinary_Medicine?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="174502" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence">Incidence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="174502" type="text/json">{"id":174502,"name":"Incidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19281136]'), work: {"id":19281136,"title":"Within-herd spread of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Ethiopian 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17559143" data-work_id="17559143" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17559143/Post_migration_changes_in_gender_relations_among_Ethiopian_couples_living_in_Canada">Post-migration changes in gender relations among Ethiopian couples living in Canada</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Ethiopian community ofToronto, Canada, has identified the prevention of marital conflict and partner abuse as a priority issue. Previous research and community discussions suggested that changes in gender relations following migration... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17559143" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Ethiopian community ofToronto, Canada, has identified the prevention of marital conflict and partner abuse as a priority issue. Previous research and community discussions suggested that changes in gender relations following migration contribute to both marital conflict and partner abuse. The objective of this community-based pilot study was to explore post-migration changes in gender relations among Ethiopian couples in order to inform the development of violence-prevention strategies. Qualitative research methods and analyses were used. In-depth interviews and focus-group discussions were conducted with 8 couples who had been married in Ethiopia and migrated to Toronto. The findings indicate changes in gender relations following migration as well as concordant and discordant patterns of change. Change was found to be associated with factors such as age, number of years married, experience in a third country, and gender-role socialization. Implications for future research and n...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17559143" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7254111a2f940bc5ded8d0707ebf35fa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39579452,"asset_id":17559143,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39579452/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37353182" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NoreenStuckless">Noreen Stuckless</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37353182" type="text/json">{"id":37353182,"first_name":"Noreen","last_name":"Stuckless","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NoreenStuckless","display_name":"Noreen Stuckless","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NoreenStuckless?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17559143 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17559143"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17559143, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17559143", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17559143]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17559143").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17559143").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17559143"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54114" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canada">Canada</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54114" type="text/json">{"id":54114,"name":"Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canada?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172809" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpersonal_Relations">Interpersonal Relations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172809" type="text/json">{"id":172809,"name":"Interpersonal Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpersonal_Relations?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17559143]'), work: {"id":17559143,"title":"Post-migration changes in gender relations among Ethiopian couples living in Canada","created_at":"2015-10-31T15:39:39.399-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17559143/Post_migration_changes_in_gender_relations_among_Ethiopian_couples_living_in_Canada?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_17559143","summary":"The Ethiopian community ofToronto, Canada, has identified the prevention of marital conflict and partner abuse as a priority issue. Previous research and community discussions suggested that changes in gender relations following migration contribute to both marital conflict and partner abuse. The objective of this community-based pilot study was to explore post-migration changes in gender relations among Ethiopian couples in order to inform the development of violence-prevention strategies. Qualitative research methods and analyses were used. In-depth interviews and focus-group discussions were conducted with 8 couples who had been married in Ethiopia and migrated to Toronto. The findings indicate changes in gender relations following migration as well as concordant and discordant patterns of change. Change was found to be associated with factors such as age, number of years married, experience in a third country, and gender-role socialization. Implications for future research and n...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39579452,"asset_id":17559143,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37353182,"first_name":"Noreen","last_name":"Stuckless","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NoreenStuckless","display_name":"Noreen Stuckless","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NoreenStuckless?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":54114,"name":"Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canada?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":172809,"name":"Interpersonal Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpersonal_Relations?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61130363" data-work_id="61130363" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61130363/Epidemiology_of_influenza_in_Ethiopia_findings_from_influenza_sentinel_surveillance_and_respiratory_infection_outbreak_investigations_2009_2015">Epidemiology of influenza in Ethiopia: findings from influenza sentinel surveillance and respiratory infection outbreak investigations, 2009–2015</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61130363" data-share-source="work_strip" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43142305" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IsraelTareke">Israel Tareke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43142305" type="text/json">{"id":43142305,"first_name":"Israel","last_name":"Tareke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IsraelTareke","display_name":"Israel Tareke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IsraelTareke?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61130363 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61130363"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61130363, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61130363", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61130363 InlineList-item 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" + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61130363]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61130363").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61130363").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61130363"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61130363]'), work: {"id":61130363,"title":"Epidemiology of influenza in Ethiopia: findings from influenza sentinel surveillance and respiratory infection outbreak investigations, 2009–2015","created_at":"2021-11-06T12:17:49.799-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61130363/Epidemiology_of_influenza_in_Ethiopia_findings_from_influenza_sentinel_surveillance_and_respiratory_infection_outbreak_investigations_2009_2015?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_61130363","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74277645,"asset_id":61130363,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43142305,"first_name":"Israel","last_name":"Tareke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IsraelTareke","display_name":"Israel Tareke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IsraelTareke?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":57907,"name":"Disease Outbreaks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Outbreaks?f_ri=21361"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=21361"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=21361"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=21361"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=21361"},{"id":509782,"name":"Respiratory Tract Infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiratory_Tract_Infections?f_ri=21361"},{"id":649451,"name":"Seasons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasons?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2609978,"name":"Sentinel surveillance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sentinel_surveillance?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2940273,"name":"real time polymerase chain reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/real_time_polymerase_chain_reaction?f_ri=21361"},{"id":4011258,"name":"Influenza vaccines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Influenza_vaccines?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_57729602" data-work_id="57729602" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57729602/Factors_determining_late_antenatal_care_booking_and_the_content_of_care_among_pregnant_mother_attending_antenatal_care_services_in_East_Wollega_administrative_zone_West_Ethiopia">Factors determining late antenatal care booking and the content of care among pregnant mother attending antenatal care services in East Wollega administrative zone, West Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57729602" 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="156730938" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RegeaDabsu">Regea Dabsu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="156730938" type="text/json">{"id":156730938,"first_name":"Regea","last_name":"Dabsu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RegeaDabsu","display_name":"Regea Dabsu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RegeaDabsu?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_57729602 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="57729602"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57729602, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_57729602", }); });</script></li><li 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var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57729602]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_57729602").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_57729602").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="57729602"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7428" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Education">Health Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7428" type="text/json">{"id":7428,"name":"Health 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type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=57729602]'), work: {"id":57729602,"title":"Factors determining late antenatal care booking and the content of care among pregnant mother attending antenatal care services in East Wollega administrative zone, West Ethiopia","created_at":"2021-10-14T01:16:10.501-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/57729602/Factors_determining_late_antenatal_care_booking_and_the_content_of_care_among_pregnant_mother_attending_antenatal_care_services_in_East_Wollega_administrative_zone_West_Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_57729602","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72487287,"asset_id":57729602,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":156730938,"first_name":"Regea","last_name":"Dabsu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RegeaDabsu","display_name":"Regea Dabsu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RegeaDabsu?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7428,"name":"Health Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Education?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=21361"},{"id":402446,"name":"Maternal Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Age?f_ri=21361"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1327745,"name":"Prenatal Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prenatal_Care?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2486603,"name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveys_and_Questionnaires?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50515412" data-work_id="50515412" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50515412/Infective_endocarditis_in_Ethiopian_children_a_hospital_based_review_of_cases_in_Addis_Ababa">Infective endocarditis in Ethiopian children: a hospital based review of cases in Addis Ababa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a 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type="text/json">{"id":37788,"name":"Pediatric Cardiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Cardiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50515412]'), work: {"id":50515412,"title":"Infective endocarditis in Ethiopian children: a hospital based review of cases in Addis Ababa","created_at":"2021-08-01T08:10:06.305-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50515412/Infective_endocarditis_in_Ethiopian_children_a_hospital_based_review_of_cases_in_Addis_Ababa?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_50515412","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68470151,"asset_id":50515412,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30555674,"first_name":"amha","last_name":"mekasha","domain_name":"addisababa","page_name":"amhamekasha","display_name":"amha mekasha","profile_url":"https://addisababa.academia.edu/amhamekasha?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":37772,"name":"Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":37788,"name":"Pediatric Cardiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Cardiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":57980,"name":"Congenital Heart Defects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congenital_Heart_Defects?f_ri=21361"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=21361"},{"id":108961,"name":"Rheumatic Heart Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheumatic_Heart_Disease?f_ri=21361"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=21361"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=21361"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=21361"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=21361"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=21361"},{"id":676575,"name":"eNDOCARDITIS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/eNDOCARDITIS?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47141953" data-work_id="47141953" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47141953/_Why_should_I_worry_since_I_have_healthy_feet_A_qualitative_study_exploring_barriers_to_use_of_footwear_among_rural_community_members_in_northern_Ethiopia">‘Why should I worry, since I have healthy feet?’ A qualitative study exploring barriers to use of footwear among rural community members in northern Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47141953" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="88509643" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbiyuAsmamaw">Abiyu Asmamaw</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="88509643" type="text/json">{"id":88509643,"first_name":"Abiyu","last_name":"Asmamaw","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbiyuAsmamaw","display_name":"Abiyu Asmamaw","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbiyuAsmamaw?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/88509643/25054058/23856079/s65_abiyu.asmamaw.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47141953 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47141953"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47141953, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47141953", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47141953 InlineList-item 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data-has-card-for-ri="12135" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research">Qualitative Research</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12135" type="text/json">{"id":12135,"name":"Qualitative Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47141953]'), work: {"id":47141953,"title":"‘Why should I worry, since I have healthy feet?’ A qualitative study exploring barriers to use of footwear among rural community members in northern Ethiopia","created_at":"2021-04-21T01:03:56.265-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47141953/_Why_should_I_worry_since_I_have_healthy_feet_A_qualitative_study_exploring_barriers_to_use_of_footwear_among_rural_community_members_in_northern_Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_47141953","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66391970,"asset_id":47141953,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":88509643,"first_name":"Abiyu","last_name":"Asmamaw","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbiyuAsmamaw","display_name":"Abiyu Asmamaw","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbiyuAsmamaw?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/88509643/25054058/23856079/s65_abiyu.asmamaw.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4193,"name":"Focus Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Groups?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":12135,"name":"Qualitative Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":29675,"name":"Shoes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shoes?f_ri=21361"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=21361"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=21361"},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2345130,"name":"Socioeconomic Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Factors?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2947462,"name":"Rural Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Population?f_ri=21361"},{"id":3196731,"name":"Interviews as topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interviews_as_topic?f_ri=21361"},{"id":3804450,"name":"Elephantiasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elephantiasis?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45515373" data-work_id="45515373" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45515373/The_Implications_of_State_Intervention_for_Self_Governe_Irrigation_Schemes_Insights_From_Tigray_Ethiopia">The Implications of State Intervention for Self-Governe Irrigation Schemes: Insights From Tigray, Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The development of smallholder irrigation is a policy priority in Ethiopia, yet little consideration has been given to the role state interventions play in enabling or constraining effective self-governance in farmer-managed schemes. To... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45515373" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The development of smallholder irrigation is a policy priority in Ethiopia, yet little consideration has been given to the role state interventions play in enabling or constraining effective self-governance in farmer-managed schemes. To address this gap in evidence, research was conducted in Tigray, northern Ethiopia, in two irrigation sites. Focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with key informants were the primary means of collecting data on local institutional arrangements, government interventions and management challenges. An opinion poll provided additional insights. Our case studies indicate that effective self-governance cannot easily be crafted by external actors. The introduction of modern irrigation technologies and formalized management arrangements has fostered dependency on external support and increased state influence in key decision-making processes, whilst traditional water user associations remain largely autonomous but have little access to financial resources. State interventions have also been poorly tailored to local context with negative consequences for performance, although there have been some successes where traditional arrangements for water management have been integrated into new institutions. The incorporation of farmer perspectives into performance assessments could facilitate more responsive interventions, and remains an important area of irrigation research and practice. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45515373" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6752def571e7350424ee868ed281dbc3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66005147,"asset_id":45515373,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66005147/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23676018" href="https://vu-nl.academia.edu/JavierRodr%C3%ADguezRos">Javier Rodríguez Ros</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23676018" type="text/json">{"id":23676018,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Rodríguez Ros","domain_name":"vu-nl","page_name":"JavierRodríguezRos","display_name":"Javier Rodríguez Ros","profile_url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/JavierRodr%C3%ADguezRos?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23676018/52031225/40127513/s65_javier.rodr_guez_ros.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45515373 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45515373"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45515373, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45515373", }); 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To address this gap in evidence, research was conducted in Tigray, northern Ethiopia, in two irrigation sites. Focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with key informants were the primary means of collecting data on local institutional arrangements, government interventions and management challenges. An opinion poll provided additional insights. Our case studies indicate that effective self-governance cannot easily be crafted by external actors. The introduction of modern irrigation technologies and formalized management arrangements has fostered dependency on external support and increased state influence in key decision-making processes, whilst traditional water user associations remain largely autonomous but have little access to financial resources. State interventions have also been poorly tailored to local context with negative consequences for performance, although there have been some successes where traditional arrangements for water management have been integrated into new institutions. The incorporation of farmer perspectives into performance assessments could facilitate more responsive interventions, and remains an important area of irrigation research and practice. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley \\\u0026 Sons, Ltd.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66005147,"asset_id":45515373,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23676018,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Rodríguez Ros","domain_name":"vu-nl","page_name":"JavierRodríguezRos","display_name":"Javier Rodríguez Ros","profile_url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/JavierRodr%C3%ADguezRos?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23676018/52031225/40127513/s65_javier.rodr_guez_ros.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3724,"name":"Irrigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":4162,"name":"Bricolage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bricolage?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":45401,"name":"Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Management?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":63804,"name":"Institutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutions?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6115159 coauthored" data-work_id="6115159" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6115159/Evaluation_of_three_years_of_the_SAFE_strategy_Surgery_Antibiotics_Facial_cleanliness_and_Environmental_improvement_for_trachoma_control_in_five_districts_of_Ethiopia_hyperendemic_for_trachoma">Evaluation of three years of the SAFE strategy (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement) for trachoma control in five districts of Ethiopia hyperendemic for trachoma</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6115159" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e671d6eba793c2d677c9a25c5f70c41b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33021040,"asset_id":6115159,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button 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data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="647" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery">Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="647" type="text/json">{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" 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trachoma","created_at":"2014-02-17T20:42:35.634-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6115159/Evaluation_of_three_years_of_the_SAFE_strategy_Surgery_Antibiotics_Facial_cleanliness_and_Environmental_improvement_for_trachoma_control_in_five_districts_of_Ethiopia_hyperendemic_for_trachoma?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_6115159","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33021040,"asset_id":6115159,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9253967,"first_name":"Teshome","last_name":"Gebre","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TeshomeGebre","display_name":"Teshome Gebre","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TeshomeGebre?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9253967/2973334/3487799/s65_teshome.gebre.jpg"},{"id":31426342,"first_name":"Estifanos","last_name":"Shargie","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EstifanosShargie","display_name":"Estifanos 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Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The status of natural riparian vegetation along the Dabbis River of West Shoa, Oromia Region, Ethiopia was assessed in selected plots to identify the state of health by examining vegetation types and structure, vegetation change, soil... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17776396" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The status of natural riparian vegetation along the Dabbis River of West Shoa, Oromia Region, Ethiopia was assessed in  selected plots  to identify the state of health by examining vegetation types and structure, vegetation change, soil cover, soil quality and  water quality. Rapid survey of these indicators and systematic sampling was used to collect data from 72 plots both upstream-downstream and left-right sides of the river. Vegetation cover and type, soil and water measurements were compared to determine the less degraded and degraded plots and abundance, diversity and dominance of vegetation were calculated by using Shannon Diversity index to assert these findings.  The results indicated about 55 % of the plots were covered mainly by herbs/grasses, about 57.0 %  had poor soil, in nearly  55 % of plots water  was mucky and dark in colour, whereas  in about 90 % of the plots river was shallow. When all the indicators combined about 75 % of the plots, both up- and down-stream and left- and right- sides were found more or less degraded. Laboratory analysis indicated that soil structure, pH and moisture content were different between the less degraded and degraded sites. Evidence indicated that sites away from villages had less plots with bare land and herb (18%) and relatively more trees (5.6%) while river side by the city of Ambo had more plots with herb cover or bare land (22%) and less tree cover (only 1.9%). Though Shannon-Simpson indices and evenness indicated more or less similar diversity between the less degraded and degraded plots, the former were more rich. The main  reason of the degradation of the riparian vegetation was identified as cutting trees and removing vegetation  for fuel, agricultural field expansion and livestock grazing. The local community, typical farming and natural ecosystem dependent, were found to have knowledge about the degradation of the riparian vegetation and their utility and usefulness. The need of community participation and government involvement for management of riparian vegetation was indicated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17776396" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="122dd56742f1f98dac3c8281990eb898" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39704603,"asset_id":17776396,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39704603/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37926061" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DiribaOljiraGemedaHabtamuAshagre">Diriba Oljira Gemeda, Habtamu Ashagre</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37926061" type="text/json">{"id":37926061,"first_name":"Diriba Oljira Gemeda, Habtamu","last_name":"Ashagre","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DiribaOljiraGemedaHabtamuAshagre","display_name":"Diriba Oljira Gemeda, Habtamu Ashagre","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DiribaOljiraGemedaHabtamuAshagre?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-17776396">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-17776396"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://pharmgb.academia.edu/MiZuberi">M.i. 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Rapid survey of these indicators and systematic sampling was used to collect data from 72 plots both upstream-downstream and left-right sides of the river. Vegetation cover and type, soil and water measurements were compared to determine the less degraded and degraded plots and abundance, diversity and dominance of vegetation were calculated by using Shannon Diversity index to assert these findings. The results indicated about 55 % of the plots were covered mainly by herbs/grasses, about 57.0 % had poor soil, in nearly 55 % of plots water was mucky and dark in colour, whereas in about 90 % of the plots river was shallow. When all the indicators combined about 75 % of the plots, both up- and down-stream and left- and right- sides were found more or less degraded. Laboratory analysis indicated that soil structure, pH and moisture content were different between the less degraded and degraded sites. Evidence indicated that sites away from villages had less plots with bare land and herb (18%) and relatively more trees (5.6%) while river side by the city of Ambo had more plots with herb cover or bare land (22%) and less tree cover (only 1.9%). Though Shannon-Simpson indices and evenness indicated more or less similar diversity between the less degraded and degraded plots, the former were more rich. The main reason of the degradation of the riparian vegetation was identified as cutting trees and removing vegetation for fuel, agricultural field expansion and livestock grazing. The local community, typical farming and natural ecosystem dependent, were found to have knowledge about the degradation of the riparian vegetation and their utility and usefulness. The need of community participation and government involvement for management of riparian vegetation was indicated. 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topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interviews_as_topic?f_ri=21361"},{"id":3516057,"name":"Community health services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_health_services?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74790393" data-work_id="74790393" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74790393/Reducing_HIV_related_risk_and_mental_health_problems_through_a_client_centred_psychosocial_intervention_for_vulnerable_adolescents_in_Addis_Ababa_Ethiopia">Reducing HIV-related risk and mental health problems through a client-centred psychosocial intervention for vulnerable adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ethiopia is experiencing an increasingly urban HIV epidemic, alongside a rise in urban adolescent migration. Adolescent migrants are often confronted by unique social challenges, including living in a difficult environment, abuse and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74790393" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ethiopia is experiencing an increasingly urban HIV epidemic, alongside a rise in urban adolescent migration. Adolescent migrants are often confronted by unique social challenges, including living in a difficult environment, abuse and mental health problems. These issues can increase adolescents&#39; vulnerability to HIV and compromise their capacity to protect themselves and others from HIV. We piloted and assessed the effects of a targeted psychosocial intervention to reduce mental health problems and improve HIV-related outcomes among migrant adolescents in Addis Ababa. A pre- and post-comparison design was used in a cohort of 576 female and 154 male migrant adolescents aged 15 to 18 years in Addis Ababa receiving services from two service delivery organizations, Biruh Tesfa and Retrak. We implemented a three-month client-centred, counsellor-delivered psychosocial intervention, based on findings from formative research among the same target population, to address participants&#39;...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74790393" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a51e19d38ec544a8384fefc62b65180e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82813816,"asset_id":74790393,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82813816/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="72059827" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NrupaJani">Nrupa Jani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="72059827" type="text/json">{"id":72059827,"first_name":"Nrupa","last_name":"Jani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NrupaJani","display_name":"Nrupa Jani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NrupaJani?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74790393 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74790393"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74790393, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74790393", }); 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Adolescent migrants are often confronted by unique social challenges, including living in a difficult environment, abuse and mental health problems. These issues can increase adolescents\u0026#39; vulnerability to HIV and compromise their capacity to protect themselves and others from HIV. We piloted and assessed the effects of a targeted psychosocial intervention to reduce mental health problems and improve HIV-related outcomes among migrant adolescents in Addis Ababa. A pre- and post-comparison design was used in a cohort of 576 female and 154 male migrant adolescents aged 15 to 18 years in Addis Ababa receiving services from two service delivery organizations, Biruh Tesfa and Retrak. We implemented a three-month client-centred, counsellor-delivered psychosocial intervention, based on findings from formative research among the same target population, to address participants\u0026#39;...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82813816,"asset_id":74790393,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":72059827,"first_name":"Nrupa","last_name":"Jani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NrupaJani","display_name":"Nrupa Jani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NrupaJani?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":4714,"name":"Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and 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Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychosocial_Support_Systems?f_ri=21361"},{"id":3887581,"name":"HIV infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_infections?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3817164" data-work_id="3817164" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3817164/Secrets_of_Long_Life_Cross_Cultural_Explorations_in_Sustainably_Enhancing_Vitality_and_Promoting_Longevity_via_Elders_Practice_Wisdom">Secrets of Long Life: Cross-Cultural Explorations in Sustainably Enhancing Vitality and Promoting Longevity via Elders’ Practice Wisdom</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7471" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Style">Life Style</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7471" type="text/json">{"id":7471,"name":"Life Style","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Style?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3817164]'), work: {"id":3817164,"title":"Secrets of Long Life: Cross-Cultural Explorations in Sustainably Enhancing Vitality and Promoting Longevity via Elders’ Practice Wisdom","created_at":"2013-06-29T09:55:38.945-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3817164/Secrets_of_Long_Life_Cross_Cultural_Explorations_in_Sustainably_Enhancing_Vitality_and_Promoting_Longevity_via_Elders_Practice_Wisdom?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_3817164","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50126906,"asset_id":3817164,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4695337,"first_name":"Murali","last_name":"Nair","domain_name":"usc","page_name":"MuraliNair","display_name":"Murali Nair","profile_url":"https://usc.academia.edu/MuraliNair?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4695337/1978676/2337146/s65_murali.nair.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":7471,"name":"Life Style","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Style?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=21361"},{"id":14406,"name":"Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health?f_ri=21361"},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361"},{"id":31239,"name":"Traditional Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Knowledge?f_ri=21361"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=21361"},{"id":57511,"name":"Cross-Cultural Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Cultural_Comparison?f_ri=21361"},{"id":61214,"name":"Longevity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longevity?f_ri=21361"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=21361"},{"id":134396,"name":"Belize","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Belize?f_ri=21361"},{"id":172892,"name":"Life Expectancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Expectancy?f_ri=21361"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=21361"},{"id":369093,"name":"Food habits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_habits?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10173548" data-work_id="10173548" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10173548/Migration_and_State_Responsibility_Ethiopian_Domestic_Workers_in_Lebanon">Migration and State Responsibility: Ethiopian Domestic Workers in Lebanon</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Lebanon is one of the most popular destinations to Ethiopian Migrant Workers. It has ratified major international human rights and labor standards. Nevertheless, quite a number of migrant workers, migrant domestic workers in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10173548" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Lebanon is one of the most popular destinations to <br />Ethiopian Migrant Workers. It has ratified major international <br />human rights and labor standards. Nevertheless, quite a number <br />of migrant workers, migrant domestic workers in particular, face <br />impediments to the full enjoyment of their rights. They have no <br />legal security of employment under the Lebanese labor law. This <br />article analyzes whether Lebanon has the obligation (both <br />negative and positive) to comply with the responsibility to <br />respect, protect and fulfill the rights of Ethiopian Migrant <br />Domestic Workers in its territory even though the State has not <br />yet ratified any convention which distinctively protects migrant <br />workers. The article aims to uphold the benefits of migration to <br />economic growth and development in both the origin and <br />destination countries enhanced through safeguarding the rights of <br />migrant workers by the States involved. To this end, <br />International Human rights and Labor Conventions ratified by <br />Lebanon are analyzed in detail.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10173548" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="97968e7a689dab9fa82cd6bd3c509b9e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36276114,"asset_id":10173548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36276114/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17711752" href="https://ijsrp.academia.edu/ijsrporg">IJSRP Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17711752" type="text/json">{"id":17711752,"first_name":"IJSRP","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"ijsrp","page_name":"ijsrporg","display_name":"IJSRP Journal","profile_url":"https://ijsrp.academia.edu/ijsrporg?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17711752/5071259/5816444/s65_ijsrp.org.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10173548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10173548"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10173548, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10173548", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10173548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10173548; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10173548"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10173548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10173548"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10173548; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10173548]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10173548").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10173548").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10173548"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4850" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration">Migration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4850" type="text/json">{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6736" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6736" type="text/json">{"id":6736,"name":"Lebanon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebanon?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25774" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Responsibility">State Responsibility</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25774" type="text/json">{"id":25774,"name":"State Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Responsibility?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10173548]'), work: {"id":10173548,"title":"Migration and State Responsibility: Ethiopian Domestic Workers in Lebanon","created_at":"2015-01-15T00:12:52.657-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10173548/Migration_and_State_Responsibility_Ethiopian_Domestic_Workers_in_Lebanon?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_10173548","summary":"Lebanon is one of the most popular destinations to\r\nEthiopian Migrant Workers. It has ratified major international\r\nhuman rights and labor standards. Nevertheless, quite a number\r\nof migrant workers, migrant domestic workers in particular, face\r\nimpediments to the full enjoyment of their rights. They have no\r\nlegal security of employment under the Lebanese labor law. This\r\narticle analyzes whether Lebanon has the obligation (both\r\nnegative and positive) to comply with the responsibility to\r\nrespect, protect and fulfill the rights of Ethiopian Migrant\r\nDomestic Workers in its territory even though the State has not\r\nyet ratified any convention which distinctively protects migrant\r\nworkers. The article aims to uphold the benefits of migration to\r\neconomic growth and development in both the origin and\r\ndestination countries enhanced through safeguarding the rights of\r\nmigrant workers by the States involved. To this end,\r\nInternational Human rights and Labor Conventions ratified by\r\nLebanon are analyzed in detail. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36276114,"asset_id":10173548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17711752,"first_name":"IJSRP","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"ijsrp","page_name":"ijsrporg","display_name":"IJSRP Journal","profile_url":"https://ijsrp.academia.edu/ijsrporg?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17711752/5071259/5816444/s65_ijsrp.org.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":6736,"name":"Lebanon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebanon?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":25774,"name":"State Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Responsibility?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":165249,"name":"Domestic Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Work?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66088214" data-work_id="66088214" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66088214/Discussing_culture_and_gender_based_violence_in_comprehensive_sexuality_education_in_Ethiopia">Discussing culture and gender-based violence in comprehensive sexuality education in Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The effectiveness of education programmes, including comprehensive sexuality education (CSE), to address gender-based violence in schools is under increasing scrutiny. Explanations for the persisting challenges with these programmes have... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66088214" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The effectiveness of education programmes, including comprehensive sexuality education (CSE), to address gender-based violence in schools is under increasing scrutiny. Explanations for the persisting challenges with these programmes have so far typically pointed towards ‘culture’. Drawing on a qualitative case study in Ethiopia, this paper analyses the relations between gender-based violence and culture, as it is presented in CSE. It reveals that uncritical conceptions of tradition and modernity, as well as ‘good’ and ‘bad’ cultures in CSE, fail to address and discuss gender relations and patriarchy as the root causes of gender-based violence. This enhances the vulnerability of young women and the reduces the effectiveness of CSE in addressing gender-based violence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66088214" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fae57a4e34df4b3d20e45ea40ee38285" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77417917,"asset_id":66088214,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77417917/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="205146" href="https://uva.academia.edu/HULYAKOSARALTINYELKEN">HULYA KOSAR ALTINYELKEN</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="205146" type="text/json">{"id":205146,"first_name":"HULYA","last_name":"KOSAR ALTINYELKEN","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"HULYAKOSARALTINYELKEN","display_name":"HULYA KOSAR ALTINYELKEN","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/HULYAKOSARALTINYELKEN?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/205146/364157/441221/s65_hulya.kosar_altinyelken.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66088214 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66088214"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66088214, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66088214", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66088214 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66088214; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66088214"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66088214 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66088214"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66088214; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66088214]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66088214").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66088214").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66088214"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3162" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Development">Educational Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3162" type="text/json">{"id":3162,"name":"Educational Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Development?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="76876" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_and_education">Culture and education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="76876" type="text/json">{"id":76876,"name":"Culture and education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_and_education?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66088214]'), work: {"id":66088214,"title":"Discussing culture and gender-based violence in comprehensive sexuality education in Ethiopia","created_at":"2021-12-27T02:58:28.900-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66088214/Discussing_culture_and_gender_based_violence_in_comprehensive_sexuality_education_in_Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","dom_id":"work_66088214","summary":"The effectiveness of education programmes, including comprehensive sexuality education (CSE), to address gender-based violence in schools is under increasing scrutiny. Explanations for the persisting challenges with these programmes have so far typically pointed towards ‘culture’. Drawing on a qualitative case study in Ethiopia, this paper analyses the relations between gender-based violence and culture, as it is presented in CSE. It reveals that uncritical conceptions of tradition and modernity, as well as ‘good’ and ‘bad’ cultures in CSE, fail to address and discuss gender relations and patriarchy as the root causes of gender-based violence. 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Saturday, May 17, 1955- Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41893973" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bf7b9b69d435123e9715af67bfcf822b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62024477,"asset_id":41893973,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62024477/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="98757369" href="https://escu.academia.edu/esket">Eske T (Eskender Tesfaye)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="98757369" type="text/json">{"id":98757369,"first_name":"Eske","last_name":"(Eskender Tesfaye)","domain_name":"escu","page_name":"esket","display_name":"Eske T (Eskender Tesfaye)","profile_url":"https://escu.academia.edu/esket?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/98757369/23072207/31948890/s65_get.mpmstudent.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41893973 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41893973"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41893973, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41893973", }); 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Saturday, May 17, 1955- Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62024477,"asset_id":41893973,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":98757369,"first_name":"Eske","last_name":"(Eskender Tesfaye)","domain_name":"escu","page_name":"esket","display_name":"Eske T (Eskender Tesfaye)","profile_url":"https://escu.academia.edu/esket?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/98757369/23072207/31948890/s65_get.mpmstudent.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":49396,"name":"African Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Union?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":237106,"name":"Julius Nyerere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Julius_Nyerere?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":507420,"name":"Ahmadou Ahidjo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ahmadou_Ahidjo?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":1015463,"name":"Haile Selassie I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haile_Selassie_I?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1262237,"name":"Sekou Toure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sekou_Toure?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4132107" data-work_id="4132107" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4132107/Soil_transmitted_helminths_and_schistosoma_mansoni_infections_among_school_children_in_zarima_town_northwest_Ethiopia">Soil transmitted helminths and schistosoma mansoni infections among school children in zarima town, northwest Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background In Ethiopia, because of low quality drinking water supply and latrine coverage, helminths infections are the second most predominant causes of outpatient morbidity. Indeed, there is a scarcity of information on the prevalence... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4132107" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background In Ethiopia, because of low quality drinking water supply and latrine coverage, helminths infections are the second most predominant causes of outpatient morbidity. Indeed, there is a scarcity of information on the prevalence of soil transmitted helminths and Schistosomiasis in Ethiopia, special in study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of soil transmitted helminths and intestinal Schistosomiasis. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted among 319 school children of Zarima town from April 1 to May 25, 2009. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and possible risk factors exposure. Early morning stool samples were collected and a Kato Katz semi concentration technique was used to examine and count parasitic load by compound light microscope. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS-15 version and p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Out of 319 study subjects, 263 (82.4%) of the study participants infected with one or more parasites. From soil transmitted helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant isolate (22%) followed by Hookworms (19%) and Trichuris trichiura (2.5%). Schistosoma mansoni was also isolated in 37.9% of the study participants. Hookworm and S. mansoni infections showed statistically significant associations with shoe wearing and swimming habit of school children, respectively. Conclusion Prevalence of soil transmitted helminths (STH) and S.mansoni was high and the diseases were still major health problem in the study area which alerts public health intervention as soon as possible.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4132107" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a40857d63f9f51071ff453593ce0b6d4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50019862,"asset_id":4132107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50019862/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4989256" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlemuAbebe">Abebe Alemu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4989256" type="text/json">{"id":4989256,"first_name":"Abebe","last_name":"Alemu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlemuAbebe","display_name":"Abebe Alemu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlemuAbebe?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4132107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4132107"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4132107, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4132107", }); 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Indeed, there is a scarcity of information on the prevalence of soil transmitted helminths and Schistosomiasis in Ethiopia, special in study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of soil transmitted helminths and intestinal Schistosomiasis. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted among 319 school children of Zarima town from April 1 to May 25, 2009. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and possible risk factors exposure. Early morning stool samples were collected and a Kato Katz semi concentration technique was used to examine and count parasitic load by compound light microscope. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS-15 version and p-value \u003c 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Out of 319 study subjects, 263 (82.4%) of the study participants infected with one or more parasites. From soil transmitted helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant isolate (22%) followed by Hookworms (19%) and Trichuris trichiura (2.5%). Schistosoma mansoni was also isolated in 37.9% of the study participants. Hookworm and S. mansoni infections showed statistically significant associations with shoe wearing and swimming habit of school children, respectively. Conclusion Prevalence of soil transmitted helminths (STH) and S.mansoni was high and the diseases were still major health problem in the study area which alerts public health intervention as soon as possible.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50019862,"asset_id":4132107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4989256,"first_name":"Abebe","last_name":"Alemu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlemuAbebe","display_name":"Abebe Alemu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlemuAbebe?f_ri=21361","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":1605,"name":"Soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=21361"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=21361"},{"id":98225,"name":"Schistosomiasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schistosomiasis?f_ri=21361"},{"id":120641,"name":"Drinking Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water?f_ri=21361"},{"id":125564,"name":"Statistical Significance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance?f_ri=21361"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=21361"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=21361"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=21361"},{"id":317051,"name":"School Children","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/School_Children?f_ri=21361"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=21361"},{"id":375824,"name":"Trichuris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trichuris?f_ri=21361"},{"id":387476,"name":"Health Problems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Problems?f_ri=21361"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=21361"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=21361"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=21361"},{"id":777305,"name":"Schistosoma Mansoni","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schistosoma_Mansoni?f_ri=21361"},{"id":876566,"name":"Microbiology and Parasitology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology_and_Parasitology?f_ri=21361"},{"id":966020,"name":"Cross sectional Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_sectional_Study?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1111139,"name":"Ascaris Lumbricoides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ascaris_Lumbricoides?f_ri=21361"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13568197" data-work_id="13568197" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div 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in Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13801746" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ccc0fbf8c221cd29a09601637405f366" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44934681,"asset_id":13801746,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Beall","profile_url":"https://case.academia.edu/CynthiaBeall?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32903563/35500621/30769464/s65_cynthia.beall.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13801746 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13801746"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13801746, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13801746", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13801746 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13801746; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13801746"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21361" type="text/json">{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67133" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia">Anoxia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67133" type="text/json">{"id":67133,"name":"Anoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anoxia?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="121665" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_methylation">DNA methylation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="121665" type="text/json">{"id":121665,"name":"DNA methylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_methylation?f_ri=21361","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13801746]'), work: {"id":13801746,"title":"The Genetic Architecture of Adaptations to High Altitude in 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Sickness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude_Sickness?f_ri=21361"},{"id":453528,"name":"Acclimatization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acclimatization?f_ri=21361"},{"id":558653,"name":"PLoS Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_Genetics?f_ri=21361"},{"id":577239,"name":"Altitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude?f_ri=21361"},{"id":1311261,"name":"Hemoglobins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemoglobins?f_ri=21361"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11992858 coauthored" data-work_id="11992858" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11992858/Do_Mobile_Phone_Surveys_Work_in_Poor_Countries">Do Mobile Phone Surveys Work in Poor Countries?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this project, we analyzed whether mobile phone-based surveys are a feasible and cost-effective approach for gathering statistically representative information in four low-income countries (Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Mozambique, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11992858" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this project, we analyzed whether mobile phone-based surveys are a feasible and cost-effective approach for gathering statistically representative information in four low-income countries (Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe). Specifically, we focused on three primary research questions. First, can the mobile phone survey platform reach a nationally representative sample? Second, to what extent does linguistic fractionalization affect the ability to produce a representative sample? Third, how effectively does monetary compensation impact survey completion patterns? We find that samples from countries with higher mobile penetration rates more closely resembled the actual population. After weighting on demographic variables, sample imprecision was a challenge in the two lower feasibility countries (Ethiopia and Mozambique) with a sampling error of +/- 5 to 7 percent, while Zimbabwe’s estimates were more precise (sampling error of +/- 2.8 percent). Surveys performed reasonably well in reaching poor demographics, especially in Afghanistan and Zimbabwe. Rural women were consistently under-represented in the country samples, especially in Afghanistan and Ethiopia. Countries’ linguistic fractionalization may influence the ability to obtain nationally representative samples, although a material effect was difficult to discern through penetration rates and market composition. Although the  experimentation design of the incentive compensation plan was compromised in Ethiopia and Zimbabwe, it seems that offering compensation for survey completion mitigated attrition rates in several of the pilot countries while not reducing overall costs. These effects varied across countries and cultural settings.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11992858" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ecb18a649bdd14084a9f24da4acf5bc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37336911,"asset_id":11992858,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37336911/download_file?st=MTczMzAwOTQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="211267" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/JonMellon">Jon Mellon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="211267" type="text/json">{"id":211267,"first_name":"Jon","last_name":"Mellon","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"JonMellon","display_name":"Jon Mellon","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/JonMellon?f_ri=21361","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/211267/48665/3965128/s65_jon.mellon.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-11992858">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-11992858"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://eui.academia.edu/TiagoPeixoto">Tiago Peixoto</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-11992858'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-11992858').html(); 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Countries’ linguistic fractionalization may influence the ability to obtain nationally representative samples, although a material effect was difficult to discern through penetration rates and market composition. Although the experimentation design of the incentive compensation plan was compromised in Ethiopia and Zimbabwe, it seems that offering compensation for survey completion mitigated attrition rates in several of the pilot countries while not reducing overall costs. 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