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searchaux" style="display:none">Christian monastic order, c. 1200–1541</div> <p>The <b>Brothers of Penitence</b> or <b>Friars of the Sack</b> (<i>Fratres Saccati</i>) were an <a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinian</a> community also known as <b>Boni Homines</b> or <b>Bonshommes</b>, with houses in Spain, France and England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brothers_of_Penitence&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "Friars of the Sack" were so called because of their simple clothing, usually made from sackcloth. The order was founded in Italy and followed a rule based on that of St. Augustine. The Brothers of Penitence lived a severe life. They wore rough sackcloth and walked either barefoot or with simple wooden sandals. The friars of the order never ate meat and were only allowed to drink water.<sup id="cite_ref-Gasquet_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gasquet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Fratres Saccati</i> arrived in Spain sometime in the thirteenth century. They had a house at <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Saragossa</a> (Spain) in the time of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a> (d. 1216) and one about the same time at <a href="/wiki/Valenciennes" title="Valenciennes">Valenciennes</a> (northern France). They had one house in Paris, in a street called after them the rue de Sachettes. </p><p>In 1257 they were introduced into England. <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Paris" title="Matthew Paris">Matthew Paris</a> records under this year that "a certain new and unknown order of friars appeared in London", duly furnished with credentials from the Pope; and he mentions later that they were called from the style of their habit <i>Fratres Saccati</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were first settled at <a href="/wiki/Aldersgate" title="Aldersgate">Aldersgate Without</a> but by 1272 had moved to <a href="/wiki/Lothbury" title="Lothbury">Lothbury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPegge17725_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPegge17725-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paris' notation about a "novum ordum" has led some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (February 2024)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> to suggest that the Fratres Saccati were the order quite soon afterwards established at <a href="/wiki/Ashridge_Priory" title="Ashridge Priory">Ashridge</a> (Hertfordshire) and <a href="/wiki/Edington_Priory" title="Edington Priory">Edington</a> (Wiltshire), though this was repudiated in a 1943 article in the journal <a href="/wiki/Speculum_(journal)" title="Speculum (journal)"><i>Speculum</i></a> by Richard Emory, who attributes the original connection to Helyot's <i>Dictionnaire des Ordres Religieux</i>, compiled in Paris in the mid-19th century. </p><p>The members in Italy joined the Bonites, founded by John Buoni, which in turn became part of the new mendicant order, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Order of Saint Augustine">Hermits of Saint Augustine</a>, established in 1256 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_IV" title="Pope Alexander IV">Pope Alexander IV</a> with the papal bull <i>Licet Ecclesiae catholicae</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heimbucher_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heimbucher-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The order was suppressed as a result of a decree of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Lyons" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Lyons">Council of Lyons</a> in 1274; this led to the closure of the European friaries of the order, and the members were absorbed into other orders.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Friaries_in_England">Friaries in England</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brothers_of_Penitence&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Friaries in England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides London and perhaps Ashridge and Edington, several monastic houses have been linked to the order. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Leicester_Friars_of_the_Sack" title="Leicester Friars of the Sack">Leicester Friary</a> was founded before 1283 and is thought to have been just beyond the Western Gate of Leicester's old town walls. The friary was closed before 1295. There is a record of another house in <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn" title="King's Lynn">Bishop's Lynn</a>. A seal matrix of a Prior of this house was found in King's Lynn in 1992.<<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/197412">https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/197412</a>> Walter Bette of [[Clenchwart on|South Clenchwarton]], and Catherine his wife, made a grant to 'the brothers of penitence of Jesus Christ' of land with buildings in <a href="/wiki/North_Lynn" title="North Lynn">North Lynn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Provence" title="Eleanor of Provence">Queen Eleanor</a> took the "Sac-Friars" under her protection and gave them land and a building on Colechurch Street in the City of London, in the parish of <a href="/wiki/St_Olave%27s_Church,_Old_Jewry" title="St Olave's Church, Old Jewry">St Olave's Church</a>. Other houses were in Cambridge (1258), Norwich (1266), Newcastle (1272), and Lincoln.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPegge17726_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPegge17726-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the house in Canterbury was given to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPegge17727_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPegge17727-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brothers_of_Penitence&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gasquet-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gasquet_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F.A. Gasquet, <i>English Monastic Life</i>, pp. 234-242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunter-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02672b.htm">Hunter-Blair, Oswald. "Boni Homines." The Catholic Encyclopedia</a> Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 30 May 2021 <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPegge17725-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPegge17725_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPegge1772">Pegge 1772</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heimbucher-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heimbucher_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07281a.htm">Heimbucher, Max. "Hermits of St. Augustine." The Catholic Encyclopedia</a> Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 30 May 2021 <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d-ryDwAAQBAJ&dq=Fratres+Saccati&pg=PA77">Olderr, Steven. <i>Dictionary of World Monasticism</i>, McFarland, 2020, p.78</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781476640877" title="Special:BookSources/9781476640877">9781476640877</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews2006" class="citation book cs1">Andrews, Frances (2006). <i>The Other Friars: The Carmelite, Augustinian, Sack and Pied</i>. Boydell & Brewer. p. 175-233. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846154973" title="Special:BookSources/9781846154973"><bdi>9781846154973</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Other+Friars%3A+The+Carmelite%2C+Augustinian%2C+Sack+and+Pied&rft.pages=175-233&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781846154973&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Frances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrothers+of+Penitence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NRO BL/MD 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPegge17726-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPegge17726_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPegge1772">Pegge 1772</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPegge17727-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPegge17727_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPegge1772">Pegge 1772</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPegge1772" class="citation book cs1">Pegge, Samuel (1772). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z39LAAAAcAAJ"><i>Memoir concerning the Sac-Friars or fratres de poenitentia Jesu Christi as settled here in England</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoir+concerning+the+Sac-Friars+or+fratres+de+poenitentia+Jesu+Christi+as+settled+here+in+England&rft.date=1772&rft.aulast=Pegge&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz39LAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrothers+of+Penitence" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Boni Homines". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boni+Homines&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrothers+of+Penitence" class="Z3988"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brothers_of_Penitence&oldid=1270238703">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brothers_of_Penitence&oldid=1270238703</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Independent_Augustinian_communities" title="Category:Independent Augustinian communities">Independent Augustinian communities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1276_establishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1276 establishments in Europe">1276 establishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholic_friars" title="Category:Roman Catholic friars">Roman Catholic friars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Catholic_religious_orders" title="Category:History of Catholic religious orders">History of Catholic religious orders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_religious_orders_established_in_the_13th_century" title="Category:Christian religious orders established in the 13th century">Christian religious orders established in the 13th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1541_disestablishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1541 disestablishments in Europe">1541 disestablishments in Europe</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Source_attribution" title="Category:Source attribution">Source attribution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases" title="Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases">All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_February_2024" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2024">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1913_Catholic_Encyclopedia_without_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference">Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_incorporating_text_from_the_1913_Catholic_Encyclopedia_without_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference">Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 January 2025, at 16:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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