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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>The Living Ocean: Understanding and Protecting Marine Biodiversity - Boyce Thorne-Miller - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_viewport_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/v2_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><script>_OC_Hooks = ["_OC_Page", "_OC_SearchReload", "_OC_TocReload", "_OC_EmptyFunc", "_OC_SearchPage", "_OC_QuotePage" ];for (var _OC_i = 0; _OC_i < _OC_Hooks.length; _OC_i++) {eval("var " + _OC_Hooks[_OC_i] + ";");}function _OC_InitHooks () {for (var i = 0; i < _OC_Hooks.length; i++) {var func = arguments[i];eval( _OC_Hooks[i] + " = func;");}}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Living_Ocean.html?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Living_Ocean.html?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C"/><meta name="title" content="The Living Ocean"/><meta name="description" content="The first edition of The Living Ocean, published in 1991 by Island Press in association with Friends of the Earth, was widely praised by scientists, policymakers, instructors, and general readers as a useful and accessible introduction to the science and policy of biological diversity in marine environments. Since that time, much new research has been conducted and numerous national and international policy initiatives have been undertaken.With 1998 designated by the United Nations as the International Year of the Ocean, this new, revised and expanded, edition is a welcome and much-needed addition to the literature.This edition brings the volume up-to-date, and re-establishes it as an essential primer for anyone wishing to gain an understanding of marine biodiversity and how it can be protected. It provides an overview of basic concepts and principles and a review of relevant policy issues and existing instruments. 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displayed by permission of \u003ca class=link_aux href=\"https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026pg=PP1\u0026q=http://www.islandpress.org\u0026clientid=ca-print-island_press\u0026linkid=1\u0026usg=AOvVaw169aytgyaApusjx16a1YkS\u0026source=gbs_pub_info_r\"\u003eIsland Press\u003c/a\u003e","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":true,"has_scanned_text":false,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"publisher":"Island Press","publication_date":"1999","subject":"Nature","num_pages":240,"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026source=gbs_vpt_hover","synposis":"The first edition of The Living Ocean, published in 1991 by Island Press in association with Friends of the Earth, was widely praised by scientists, policymakers, instructors, and general readers as a useful and accessible introduction to the science and policy of biological diversity in marine environments. Since that time, much new research has been conducted and numerous national and international policy initiatives have been undertaken.With 1998 designated by the United Nations as the International Year of the Ocean, this new, revised and expanded, edition is a welcome and much-needed addition to the literature.This edition brings the volume up-to-date, and re-establishes it as an essential primer for anyone wishing to gain an understanding of marine biodiversity and how it can be protected. It provides an overview of basic concepts and principles and a review of relevant policy issues and existing instruments. The author:defines biological diversity and discusses the importance of threats to marine biodiversity reviews the current status of scientific knowledge describes the major coastal and oceanic ecosystem types and addresses the major threats in each presents a general discussion of the ways in which government and the public can protect marine biological diversity provides specific examples of national and international policies, legal instruments, programs, and institutions addresses how social, economic, political, and ethical considerations affect decisions to conserve marine biological diversity considers the involvement of citizens in developing ocean policy The book also includes a useful glossary that provides information about basic biological concepts, and a comprehensive bibliography. 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Includes bibliographical references ( p . ) and index . ISBN 1-55963-677-7 ( cloth ) . — ISBN 1-55963–678–5 ( pbk . ) 1. Marine biology . 2\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026pg=PR6\u0026dq=Marine+biodiversity"},{"page_id":"PR7","page_number":"vii","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 37 Chapter Four Coastal Marine Ecosystems 59 Chapter Five Open - Ocean Ecosystems 83 Chapter Six Conservation of \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e III Chapter Seven International and National Initiatives for Conservation of Marine\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PR8","page_number":"viii","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. 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A major problem in assessing both\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA3","page_number":"3","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eocean\u003c/b\u003e environment have been agreed on and now need to be implemented by the nations of the world . This book is intended to be a brief introduction to the science and pol- icy of \u003cb\u003ebiodiversity\u003c/b\u003e in \u003cb\u003emarine\u003c/b\u003e environments and the relationship\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA4","page_number":"4","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. appropriate time to raise people\u0026#39;s consciousness about the biodiversity of the ocean and to suggest a path toward implementing increased protection for living marine\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA5","page_number":"5","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Chapter One The Importance of \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e It is difficult to assess the number of species in the marine environment or their abundance , status ( whether their\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA6","page_number":"6","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. how many are confined to relatively small geographic areas and which ones are indeed threatened or endangered.1 Modern extinctions in the ocean may not be as rare as\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA7","page_number":"7","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Functional diversity , which refers to the variety of biological processes , or functions , characteristic of a particular ecosystem When ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 7."},{"page_id":"PA9","page_number":"9","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. value to humans , either as commercial resources or as providers of valuable services . Whereas the ethical reasons apply under all ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 9."},{"page_id":"PA10","page_number":"10","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. ing of the atmosphere . As global warming takes place , the increased mois- ture in the warmer air is predicted to give rise to more clouds , which will shade the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA11","page_number":"11","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. thesis , thereby creating a feedback mechanism for reducing the excess car- bon dioxide in the atmosphere ( generated by industrial ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 11."},{"page_id":"PA12","page_number":"12","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e for Humans Numerous marine species can be considered \u0026quot; goods \u0026quot; for human use , con- sumption , and commerce . Living marine resources may be a source of food and food supplements ; compounds used in drugs and for\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA13","page_number":"13","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. animals that should be eating plants — chickens , cows , and pigs . Sea plants have not proved to be a major food worldwide , as once ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 13."},{"page_id":"PA14","page_number":"14","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. strains that are incapable of reproducing if they escape into the natural environment . The ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Biodiversity has become 14 THE LIVING OCEAN."},{"page_id":"PA15","page_number":"15","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Chapter Two The Threats to \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Biodiversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only since the 1970s with threats to marine\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA16","page_number":"16","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. species with which we have shared this planet ... biodiversity are summarized in the sections that follow . Overfishing , Overhunting , and Aquaculture The demise\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA17","page_number":"17","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. monk seal — all victims of overhunting . The hunting of whales reached its peak in the 1950s and 1960s , when the whaling industry was ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 17."},{"page_id":"PA18","page_number":"18","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. fewer than thirty are taken in quantities that ... biodiversity . Yet as bad as the situation is for those marine species purposely exploited by humans , that is\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA19","page_number":"19","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. trawlers in international waters , and insufficient regulation , both national and international . Although no commercial fish species has ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 19."},{"page_id":"PA22","page_number":"22","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ebiodiversity\u003c/b\u003e of affected ecosystems . Furthermore , because of the fluid and dynamic nature of the \u003cb\u003eocean\u003c/b\u003e , chem- icals entering \u003cb\u003emarine\u003c/b\u003e waters can be broadcast far beyond their sources of emission . In addition to physical dispersal\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA23","page_number":"23","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. rally , whether or not they result in pollution . The term toxic does not mean that the substance always causes death ; other harmful and ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 23."},{"page_id":"PA26","page_number":"26","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. treaties , etc. ) have identified nutrient pollution as one of the most serious marine environmental problems in the less developed countries of the world , where\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA29","page_number":"29","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. However , while this is happening , some of the oil is consumed by creatures that don\u0026#39;t survive its toxic effects , and some kills eggs ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 29."},{"page_id":"PA31","page_number":"31","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. and dioxins and furans , by - products of the industrial use of chlorine chem- istry and therefore by - products also of municipal and ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 31."},{"page_id":"PA34","page_number":"34","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. the response to the problem has been just as troublesome . Lawmakers and environmental managers have waged war on all non - native species except those that are\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA35","page_number":"35","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. is exceeded , including many coral species already living at the top of their ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Policy and regulatory The Threats to \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 35."},{"page_id":"PA37","page_number":"37","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Chapter Three How Science Describes \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Policy and regulatory decisions regarding the conservation of biodiversity are based on available scientific\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA41","page_number":"41","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. of nutrients tend to increase species diversity , while large or constant influxes tend to reduce it . Biological Factors Affecting Species ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 41."},{"page_id":"PA45","page_number":"45","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. among separate populations of many marine species — a surprising bit of knowledge gleaned from modern biochemical techniques that can identify genetic structure within\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA47","page_number":"47","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. microalgae are the essential base of the food web in the sea and that the productivity of marine ecosystems depends on sunlight and nutrients to fuel the growth of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA48","page_number":"48","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. needed to drive the reaction ( photosynthesis ) , but a few special organisms can instead use the energy tied up in simple chemical bonds ( chemosyn- thesis ) . These\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA51","page_number":"51","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Nevertheless , it is true that many marine species are widely distributed as a result of their mode of reproduction , which takes advantage of the ability of the fluid\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA53","page_number":"53","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. surface microlayer . The microlayer has a character that distinguishes it from the environments on either side . Its thickness has been ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 53."},{"page_id":"PA55","page_number":"55","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. part to the increase in nutrients flowing into coastal waters from centers of human population and agriculture . There is no terrestrial ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 55."},{"page_id":"PA57","page_number":"57","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. realm includes the intertidal shores , the shallow continental shelf ... Marine Ecosystems The division of the ocean How Science Describes \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 57."},{"page_id":"PA69","page_number":"69","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. species diversity than rocky shores , in part because the substrate is unsta- ble and food sources are limited . However , the meiofauna of sandy shores — the tiny\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA71","page_number":"71","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emarine biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e and that technology is not always the culprit : History shows that Caribbean coastal ecosystems were severely degraded long before ecologists began to study them . Large vertebrates such as the green turtle\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA84","page_number":"84","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. 4 with the winds blowing westward around the equator and eastward at the midlatitudes . The currents thus generated deviate from their westward or eastward\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA85","page_number":"85","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Biotic communities of the open ocean are composed of plankton that drift with the ocean currents and nekton that swim . Phytoplankton ( plant plankton ) include minute\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA86","page_number":"86","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. light organs on their undersides . Phosphorescent plankton are also com- mon in coastal waters . Filter feeding is another common phenomenon , in fact it is the pre\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA102","page_number":"102","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. so the majority of the collected species were rare , and it is still not known how broadly distributed they might be.29 Surveys in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA103","page_number":"103","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. ences in the productivity of overlying waters . Reduced diversity in the Arctic Ocean is probably due to a combination of the Arctic basin\u0026#39;s isola- tion from the rest\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA108","page_number":"108","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. along this eastern boundary current . El Niño patterns in the Pacific give rise to such changes over very broad scales . The effects on marine food chains all along\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA109","page_number":"109","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Biologists who study the marine environment in general and the deep sea in particular understand that the deep sea floor can be surprisingly rich in species diversity\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA111","page_number":"111","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Chapter Six Conservation of \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e We rely on science to describe marine ecosystems and biological communi- ties , to determine their functions and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA112","page_number":"112","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Although science has learned a great deal about marine ecosystems and \u003cb\u003emarine biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e since then , the essence of this statement still rings true , and the more we\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA113","page_number":"113","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. · • strict regulation or prevention of emissions at the source . In all but the shallowest sediments , retrieval of pollutants is not an ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 113."},{"page_id":"PA115","page_number":"115","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. · ecosystems great distances apart . Similarly , pollutants may be carried over long distances , as in the case of persistent organic ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 115."},{"page_id":"PA116","page_number":"116","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Protection of Species One of the most common approaches to biodiversity protection is through the identification and differential protection of endangered , threatened\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA119","page_number":"119","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. in a process called command - and - control management , first the landscapes and then the seascapes will be manipulated so that humans ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 119."},{"page_id":"PA120","page_number":"120","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. One management alternative that has been rarely ... biodiversity in coastal waters and to some species in open - ocean waters — are largely unregulated . Until\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA123","page_number":"123","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. filter sewage water or using modern composting toilets instead of water- based sewage collection . Some nutrient - rich compounds in ... \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e 123."},{"page_id":"PA135","page_number":"135","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Chapter Seven International and National Initiatives for Conservation of \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e The rapidly changing conditions of the global environment pose threats to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA136","page_number":"136","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. dom To fish the high seas , and nations began extending sovereignty off- shore when it became technically possible to exploit the nonliving resources of the sea — oil\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA140","page_number":"140","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. processes that are more environmentally ... biodiversity . Some of these are arms of the United Nations that have responsibility for international affairs\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA141","page_number":"141","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emarine biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e are briefly described on the following pages . There are numerous others that are rele- vant but cannot be covered in the space of this book . In many cases , these treaties , laws , and programs have not yet\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA145","page_number":"145","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emarine biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e could be greatly enhanced by these initiatives . U.S. Laws and Agencies An act of Congress in 1966 established the Commission on Marine Science , Engineering and Resources , known as the Stratton Commission after the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA146","page_number":"146","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. act , known as the Ocean Act , established a new commission , the National Ocean Council , to revisit the issues and provide advice for development of a new national\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA147","page_number":"147","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. tee of intellectual property rights , such as patents , over their national genetic resources . Although these concerns are not immediately applicable to the marine\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA152","page_number":"152","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Specifically , the treaty establishes a basis for sustainable management of the world\u0026#39;s fisheries ; addresses the problem of inadequate data ; provides for\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA159","page_number":"159","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. • includes two banks that are covered with rich ... biodiversity in the coastal United States . Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary ( 1992 ) , 2,181 square\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA160","page_number":"160","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. lenge is to make the sanctuaries effective with ... biodiversity , and as has been seen , they are an important element in the management of protected areas , in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA165","page_number":"165","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. form of grants rather than loans , for projects that will benefit the global environment in four areas , called \u0026quot; focal areas . \u0026quot; These are biodiversity , cli- mate\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA166","page_number":"166","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. tional agreements ; and ( 4 ) help oversee the implementation of protective laws and agreements . In the case of \u003cb\u003emarine biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e , the educational role of involved\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA167","page_number":"167","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Chapter Eight Can \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Be Saved ? Despite all the efforts to address different aspects of the threat to biodiver- sity on land and in the ocean , there\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA174","page_number":"174","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. opment will occur only when we have belief ... biodiversity and the supportive func- tions of marine ecosystems as we have displaced one functioning terrestrial\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA183","page_number":"183","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Bibliography Aarkrog , A. , S. Boelskifte , H ... Biodiversity of the pelagic ocean . Conservation Biology 7 : 760-772 . Angel , M. 1997. Pelagic biodiversity\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026pg=PA183\u0026dq=Marine+biodiversity"},{"page_id":"PA186","page_number":"186","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Carlson , C. 1988. NEPA and the conservation of biological diversity . Environmental Law 19 : 15-36 . Carlton , J. 1993. Neoextinctions of marine invertebrates\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026pg=PA186\u0026dq=Marine+biodiversity"},{"page_id":"PA188","page_number":"188","snippet_text":"... ocean . Oceanus 35 : 60-67 . Earle , S. A. 1991. Sharks , squids , and horseshoe crabs - The significance of \u003cb\u003emarine biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e . BioScience 41 : 506-509 . Earle , S. A. 1995. Sea Change : A Message of the Oceans . Addison - Wesley\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026pg=PA188\u0026dq=Marine+biodiversity"},{"page_id":"PA189","page_number":"189","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. large calanoid copepods Neocalanus spp . Marine Ecology Progress Series 39 : 49-68 . Frost , B. W. 1996. Phytoplankton bloom on iron rations . Nature 383 : 475-476\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026pg=PA189\u0026dq=Marine+biodiversity"},{"page_id":"PA190","page_number":"190","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Gribbin , J. 1988. The oceanic key to climatic ... biodiversity . Chap . 3 ( pp . 107-191 ) in V. Heywood , UNEP : Global Biodiversity Assessment . Cambridge\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026pg=PA190\u0026dq=Marine+biodiversity"},{"page_id":"PA201","page_number":"201","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. ( eds . ) , Freedom for the Seas in the Twenty ... biodiversity in its global context . Chap . 1 ( pp . 1-17 ) in R. Ormond , J. Gage , and M. Angel ( eds\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026pg=PA201\u0026dq=Marine+biodiversity"},{"page_id":"PA204","page_number":"204","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Basel Convention on the Control of ... Biodiversity , marine assessing changes in , 43-44 benefits of , for humans , 9 , 12-14 can it be saved ?, 167-74 guiding\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026pg=PA204\u0026dq=Marine+biodiversity"},{"page_id":"PA205","page_number":"205","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary , 118 Characteristic diversity , 7 Charismatic species , 5 Chemical pollution , 22-32 metals , 29-30 nutrient , 23-26 oil\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026pg=PA205\u0026dq=Marine+biodiversity"},{"page_id":"PA206","page_number":"206","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Conservation of \u003cb\u003emarine biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e , properties that affect ( continued ) food web complexity , 114 planktonic organisms , 113 populations versus species , 113-14\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026pg=PA206\u0026dq=Marine+biodiversity"},{"page_id":"PA208","page_number":"208","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. Genetic engineering , 13-14 Genetic resources ... Biodiversity , The , \u0026quot; xiv Incentives and disincentives , 131-32 Indicator species , 45 Individual transferable\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026pg=PA208\u0026dq=Marine+biodiversity"},{"page_id":"PA210","page_number":"210","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eBiodiversity\u003c/b\u003e , \u003cb\u003emarine Marine\u003c/b\u003e Environment Protection Committee of the International Maritime Organization , 149-50 , 157 , 161 \u003cb\u003eMarine\u003c/b\u003e Mammal Protection Act ( MMPA ) , 151 \u003cb\u003eMarine\u003c/b\u003e mammals , 78-79 , 82 , 97 , 106 initiatives to protect , 150-51\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026pg=PA210\u0026dq=Marine+biodiversity"},{"page_id":"PT6","snippet_text":"Understanding and Protecting \u003cb\u003eMarine Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e Boyce Thorne-Miller. The Living Ocean is an essential primer for anyone wishing to gain an understanding of \u003cb\u003emarine biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e and how it can be protected . It provides an overview of\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ZM7MEk7f4Q4C\u0026pg=PT6\u0026dq=Marine+biodiversity"}],"search_query_escaped":"Marine biodiversity"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>