CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91341235cdd98936',cH: '6OfFQoFYqDODRa_4peQXFFpf334jQlsSzQjh9OI.CO0-1739777416-1.2.1.1-Q6LsxEElFTrUJ2AjD4ISyUbBxRwubEhR3JmsHCzxtFHjNWHx1M93hCdLwHxj1R_p',cUPMDTk: "\/10012664\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=OlfjE3aLahJX0jDAoBvYYYb2gyf7zjA7qR40YuuSPYo-1739777416-1.0.1.1-6jDO02JwX9WPhmwNRbl8zG2FkzXsACecCPuYyX6RDpw",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777416',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10012664\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=OlfjE3aLahJX0jDAoBvYYYb2gyf7zjA7qR40YuuSPYo-1739777416-1.0.1.1-6jDO02JwX9WPhmwNRbl8zG2FkzXsACecCPuYyX6RDpw",md: "Y4emLdhxriLJfBKdQN0JIlMKlAvx6aPIQbia7e0X3pc-1739777416-1.2.1.1-k7xlYhpEcQ5tHROG_KOKDZ9z.vc27G8_E3IC0dms9.4TZEP.S1k8HGKJdhHiB4tFZaD_SmTb0WhEgl181EksYViT0IETWWoLX52DMUv_wq9P0SE7kwl7n6gHmF1ytN.acN3dQ8LNkoH7nZ6nwCK.J0dhfBETdJg7Y3SKj04Oh.iCTgbNTFJycAnnojyJXNDX5YsacOrckDUMEw1VvteoEjYjNeH3c4dTzSCWJ5.1cIHeUpK5LSWYnAsZ9W42oYU7uzSDHbJz8F6CnK2cpwc2Ka.taEFez570IlYEogqXqOQdovo86VYSfvDyX4E3fVQcAbNeyTZOQOucx2YndObiwsEmb8bs1lqOFDEZDSD.HMSxGGz4r9E64JfYe2DpbMilcxhPWXl.x08spYFBxVlrto0QRVQ241mziNKF9PGcTn8qoaVFVhwOPbjIFJDa7AAF7tmHUNcYiAzGm4lzdGAZY_urDnqAdmQRGyGN3NdJmoMqJI_sxtnOGXjIwOzhvanwlVJYRu_ropc_9UJ9VIt5ARal3q940ouOTE_bpyYmxduO2PjkRnCx51lFYmUO02I9kuAp1TV3Msd2cBr16.4w49PbVYT3ADG0guwd6Pg7LRG9Y3RTceVoEo8exkEwWnddQI3BGLXmvauSwd2HkjmZixiJXfjaGHfPoojG9IbUIFGndBcfQ.2dvONPPwHoaJimVl9ZvF8LB0UPLRzeEo6LioqT7.dwag9JclsyRY5KaQwtFbHDlixJQHEv2K_wE1LRMBrkCX19X6FefZJ9zpDiKrE3plfYZLBFPy0APvi4UAx.AzonfQrl_yVb10pAd4uDysUmOT8S6D3DkKCrgJV0utYyGh88M38IIQ9.ienq.06m6zpNcQywwwI7bxU1fDEH28s2jHUWptzctMoeDgCwGZqQyCArdhKQ9Fev0P6Pb353QZ2.goZ0On.zduG3SFiiGRq6mLGXY4wATvbANxsdKB.PUutfT_8wU2tI_ym15ue6_dPrJDgfQTf7dkcvYQyNhnw2t4XyNTyo9wEYbNVIp8FRF0CZMU0MV_AkgwJ3r7lkXWMkm.B3AHUoUrkzwbqTula7Vk4qbor3Q0czO1yD9e_jSqs8mrtYo3h6YzPRgNGueSdVqZfCk16eSOT_Ekc.gJFelGREsAcnn_.Sgp3EXg7qe8OJtC2TnpcD9lrXPSDNbMsHu4apUkuzYfAJCO2OzKICGf1C2ku_Iab.KaBUy3EnpK8P6.NF0A1y6b03TgJzQIG2xDdtbROVvLa3abfVL5ZK3Kyc7gV2MfI3O0HnL25bKD5.tAngbXbVwaCQrCtm5goA4pxZ9x2HTXH8O99VDKKgL1R4EQABt0a0K5kYvSpqxVEsWNoG.vYVRIC9I5JsE9LDlB59cxETK1ZK7gutuATaWdtO0anm8_McNCe6euXpbpk5R2JjPPx0UYq.wjoL3NREGQO1inBp9JmLxf.00Cx6TuqMbZYZAsyTYda79y1Pv1juOmZHnG5af_btTldfh6M1K2yOM8SPFdi5p.6m86Xctn7sVgDHX45VLfrhCfMGZ2XJdfS_uIU4fVYgde9ulH10PRtOGt6ypUNLxK61otnXUnSlm.PKp1qgIP2zTmby98PwAPZR9TTa6qxPAdDcTh3BvaW0x99iCtkuCXRAk44KwQGl0DRDtzzcr.1vxtj5oWNafGRxxkkQXHeCzt.JcNz9K3vuBLPTO4pblcwprXafCGHYSI.LrJUsNgAb1kQbeB_TmGi45WfoprqmfEQh0WtoHMcPwFHB_XAK.xb1Z.r3Bs3Iqu95NRf61tkEj3B_lxS3dWPGT.Pyxe.lvKgMEW0IS5FOpYwo8HUSPlD91DMXkW0EkeCB_dtGAxCE3jAqUvBXtq7h7mzp9y4Duxw",mdrd: "S_EbaX01OcgG8b2xBs7vGXXDwVA.YwKRuv0Dv2aWctU-1739777416-1.2.1.1-HKXimgaj9SUYlVrQGCGEokM3IYvjKqcO8nZBKSYhrfTC52ZosDKjgLwe360EQMpxyGBdhHotuaILk7bs5ufciHxGtb5weUe3zwwyMXCclyKezLdAJjqiHKe9f8bOWR0M2hpJ53c0uBVUVDsqPhupTQLfBnJxAfQiO51j_mmr4MAICsBZrbRE3wXJG6VI_fmIK4ujef8TUwWD7xr6B4BymQXhZJaFozzZBB6dEIWEKG.YXHh7vAJqSz190KH3xrT711HhwdR2wu9WHAn3d3t0QhVpSLDiTlrCYYVhavlCNxWX342kVnmAwl7kkmA7bFJEA0Si1jkD1ZQ5o5_TSKNRyJbzRNbD8j00h9sgkeIotfRp5w_tCWirC9f7eYVo4l2fJvSKoVyW6gahpjU4j7p0l7N0GSPYNdB28AIMpHP96Sl4DjhdigD8VUfWXrcAZW7Bw_bWmmK3A_5yW0dNxRH5GGuztxZqUcBBLUPGydAKD6LWrevDj91OdVGHOLokRaUG_vtPfmA3Co8yHee7b8w7tMOTBo9rIwKwyuJQQtuyzC5IzBqAzMP3VwUwxrIYEY2B3AfJLbicTS8LTFbaBdAzDnMxD4uDSsqxfCiUSTAJWQvqdD45KUkMnXD3wMBfr.9h.CQRGcGSA1BRqSQjR0bwoQz6Wapr52X_n2qw5RJyGnRY40aRjI1oY0JFTk8u5e7ODzJW5moqWj5my6k5plyTT6f2kS6cNX4EA5vzFWaQ0MLrSi4SRfj.GwQUObq52cW3w6ndLok1zenw3gBtJ466z4lu09xkAVAr89AURs4ppGwBOiMLc4ZIAL6LH3kaazVbFRk9tQasWKx24HZ_bPykWlHaEdJdO79Lna42PXpRUKS.19P3.5P.QRlbuRVrZL6Gj3dZJvFYfBShqiR2ef32bnaAU.NcQaxH8MjVUjOUeRY99Pf3rbjGnCAmZyvA9znULlU_J7nru27BZ8Px6asgECcU__5yTvunMSgdenoVrwS9oS4m_YwkDDMBPTELZjo7m8nFVUOKCacVt3rFYVKaSEAoP6okEq6tSdfxm1RYa67h62gD6nSvgeU25N8ycgbEA9x59InL29iwchyp2nvDLF3_xZNWiazN9S2_hofqPmigY2OecOF7JarXHUdSb.hxQTxQhRmvLmRwwURNmIvQlCLOFQEgxfh5WshGxyCzw9B1.ZtAtErK4W_Y7rL7Qg3XhGrm_ahGUAUqzbz2cYnFe1yDfXG0QAFXhuqBPgRjyooG_z5TXBts1m1r9be9qpcMYJJzLTQEC8FJKchb_lO9z1Fue0C4d_Au5McL2FK4Q1M.5yP5zG9qokvU32L.hPXfPiW0pZIIaGhOC6sm1qMHiloygaX8aPi4TkE9HSnAXmHzn.tW0L5beWfoOynL.9CZvxoRXYa2LaF7Zwy49_sHZdjDgiexo6rXJ5oVKlf6XrzrXsdJ7P_NYnZZsDCD0ha7etVTToaeb0I8Dt8YO2_1zuNW20B9e55pcfG2zn03rmFtxwAJOri0bw9o6_MkFTeS5KNsVSBe_ISHZ1SZV_VRaS_m_rdXoxsFKPDf6A_cT6heyt5r6dGXm6nqsRnLTxhryNLMVk62sde83jHeW8KnbkbNKXy4VmJzd0F38HQhT.HF3LFmhUV0uC4DuprLC1kAZB81iQetlBXSsoL2gXl6kGBI2P7og9eVMGQ1kC1OdKS.JYq12ktEeVYuEH0Ljf.9jOhR1eyW.hw_glK9dtCn1nGw1fOoyc7v.cyJ8xFL7dOtyvgkCkzuybuPMWiT2B3qlu0nsIA9GgOEx5jYlmM0f28xf30NT0UOS8R0OAH7qi64NqKrFmQ8JWPWMPERjdpAwrl7VKKOrwUuKgICSLNl8tvRvscbktfyF9xmvspv2G810m_9ghn6_rTxCHI5zhBlGf8FOnTKXyo6ZWdQQvXHtYjQ2pkKHUJRcJrUl7UL8t9u8BppZ_hCM6OL8pxI0sGM"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91341235cdd98936';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10012664\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=OlfjE3aLahJX0jDAoBvYYYb2gyf7zjA7qR40YuuSPYo-1739777416-1.0.1.1-6jDO02JwX9WPhmwNRbl8zG2FkzXsACecCPuYyX6RDpw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>