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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American geophysicist and oceanographer (1906–1974)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the professor of surgery, see <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ewing_(surgeon)" title="Maurice Ewing (surgeon)">Maurice Ewing (surgeon)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Maurice Ewing</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M.Ewing-1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/32/M.Ewing-1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="262" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="262" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ewing in 1948</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">William Maurice Ewing</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1906-05-12</span>)</span>May 12, 1906<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Lockney,_Texas" title="Lockney, Texas">Lockney, Texas</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 4, 1974<span style="display:none">(1974-05-04)</span> (aged 67)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston, Texas</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Agassiz_Medal" title="Alexander Agassiz Medal">Alexander Agassiz Medal</a> <small>(1954)</small><br /> <a href="/wiki/William_Bowie_Medal" title="William Bowie Medal">William Bowie Medal</a> <small>(1957)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Cullum_Geographical_Medal" title="Cullum Geographical Medal">Cullum Geographical Medal</a> <small>(1961)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/John_J._Carty_Award_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science">John J. Carty Award</a> <small>(1963)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Wollaston_Medal" title="Wollaston Medal">Wollaston Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1969)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> <small>(1973)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Vetlesen_Prize" title="Vetlesen Prize">Vetlesen Prize</a> <small>(1960)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> <small>(1972)</small><sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Bucher_Medal" title="Walter H. Bucher Medal">Walter H. Bucher Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1974)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Penrose_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Penrose Medal">Penrose Medal</a> <small>(1974)</small></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Geophysics" title="Geophysics">geophysics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Underwater_acoustics" title="Underwater acoustics">underwater acoustics</a><br />oceanography</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lehigh_University" title="Lehigh University">Lehigh University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas">University of Texas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i> Calculation of ray paths from seismic travel-time curves </i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1931)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harold_A._Wilson_(physicist)" title="Harold A. Wilson (physicist)">Harold A. Wilson</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Maurice</b> "<b>Doc</b>" <b>Ewing</b> (May 12, 1906 – May 4, 1974) was an American geophysicist and oceanographer.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ewing has been described as a pioneering <a href="/wiki/Geophysicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Geophysicist">geophysicist</a> who worked on the research of <a href="/wiki/Reflection_seismology" title="Reflection seismology">seismic reflection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Refraction" title="Refraction">refraction</a> in ocean basins, ocean bottom photography, <a href="/wiki/Underwater_acoustics" title="Underwater acoustics">submarine sound transmission</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/SOFAR_channel" title="SOFAR channel">SOFAR channel</a>), deep sea <a href="/wiki/Core_sample" title="Core sample">core samples</a> of the ocean bottom, theory and observation of <a href="/wiki/Seismic_wave" title="Seismic wave">earthquake surface waves</a>, fluidity of the Earth's core, generation and propagation of <a href="/wiki/Seismology" title="Seismology">microseisms</a>, submarine <a href="/wiki/Reflection_seismology" title="Reflection seismology">explosion seismology</a>, marine gravity surveys, <a href="/wiki/Bathymetry" title="Bathymetry">bathymetry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sedimentation" title="Sedimentation">sedimentation</a>, natural <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">radioactivity</a> of ocean waters and sediments, study of <a href="/wiki/Abyssal_plain" title="Abyssal plain">abyssal plains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Submarine_canyon" title="Submarine canyon">submarine canyons</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Ewing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born in <a href="/wiki/Lockney,_Texas" title="Lockney, Texas">Lockney, Texas</a>, where he was the eldest surviving child of a large farm family. He won a scholarship to attend <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a>, earning a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a> with honors in 1926. He completed his graduate studies at the same institution, earning an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a> in 1927 and being awarded his <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> in 1931. In 1928 he was married to Avarilla Hildenbrand, and the couple had a son. The couple divorced in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ewing worked as an instructor at the Rice Institute while pursuing his PhD before joining the faculty at <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_University" title="Lehigh University">Lehigh University</a> in 1930, where he served until 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While at Lehigh, he was instrumental in initiating a program in geophysics. In 1944 he married Margaret Sloan Kidder, with whom he had four children.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He moved to <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, becoming a professor of geology in 1947. In 1959 he was named the Higgins Professor of Geology at Columbia. Dr. Ewing (often simply called 'Doc' by those who worked with him) was the founder (established in 1949) and first director of Lamont Geological Observatory (now known as <a href="/wiki/Lamont%E2%80%93Doherty_Earth_Observatory" title="Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory">Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory</a> (LDEO) in <a href="/wiki/Palisades,_New_York" title="Palisades, New York">Palisades, New York</a>) where he worked with <a href="/wiki/J._Lamar_Worzel" title="J. Lamar Worzel">J. Lamar Worzel</a> (gravity specialist), <a href="/wiki/Frank_Press" title="Frank Press">Dr. Frank Press</a> (seismologist), <a href="/wiki/John_Elliott_Nafe" title="John Elliott Nafe">Jack Nafe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Oliver_(scientist)" title="Jack Oliver (scientist)">Jack Oliver</a>, and geologists and oceanographic cartographers <a href="/wiki/Bruce_C._Heezen" title="Bruce C. Heezen">Dr. Bruce Heezen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marie_Tharp" title="Marie Tharp">Marie Tharp</a>. </p><p>The former LDEO <a href="/wiki/Research_vessel" title="Research vessel">research vessel</a> <i><a href="/wiki/R/V_Maurice_Ewing" class="mw-redirect" title="R/V Maurice Ewing">R/V Maurice Ewing</a></i> was named in his honor. </p><p>He divorced a second time, and married his third wife Harriet Greene Bassett in 1965. In 1972 he joined the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Medical_Branch" title="University of Texas Medical Branch">University of Texas Medical Branch</a> at <a href="/wiki/Galveston" class="mw-redirect" title="Galveston">Galveston</a>, and was named the head of the Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences of the Marine Biomedical Institute. </p><p>During his career he published over 340 scientific papers. He served as president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Geophysical_Union" title="American Geophysical Union">American Geophysical Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seismological_Society_of_America" title="Seismological Society of America">Seismological Society of America</a>. He led over 50 oceanic expeditions. He made many contributions to <a href="/wiki/Oceanography" title="Oceanography">oceanography</a>, including the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Sofar_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sofar channel">SOFAR Channel</a>, the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Sofar_bomb" title="Sofar bomb">sofar bomb</a>, and did much fundamental work on <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plate tectonics</a>. While he was working on SOFAR, Ewing engaged in deep water photography, partly as a hobby and partly to help the government identify lost ships destroyed by U-boats.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the chief scientist on board the <a href="/wiki/Glomar_Challenger" title="Glomar Challenger">Glomar Challenger</a>. He originated <a href="/wiki/Project_Mogul" title="Project Mogul">Project Mogul</a>, an early program to detect Soviet nuclear weapons tests. </p><p>Ewing suffered a fatal stroke in 1974 in <a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Ewing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penrose_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Penrose Medal">Penrose Medal</a>, 1974 (posthumously)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Bucher_Medal" title="Walter H. Bucher Medal">Walter H. Bucher Medal</a>, 1974</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bowie_Medal" title="William Bowie Medal">William Bowie Medal</a>, 1957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._Day_Medal" title="Arthur L. Day Medal">Arthur L. Day Medal</a>, 1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Carty_Award_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science">John J. Carty Award</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>, 1963<sup id="cite_ref-Carty_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carty-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Distinguished_Public_Service_Award" title="Navy Distinguished Public Service Award">Navy Distinguished Public Service Award</a>, 1955</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Powers_Memorial_Award" title="Sidney Powers Memorial Award">Sidney Powers Memorial Medal</a>, 1968</li> <li>Robert Earl McConnell Award, 1973</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a>, 1973</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vega Medal">Vega Medal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Society_for_Anthropology_and_Geography" title="Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography">Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography</a>, 1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullum_Geographical_Medal" title="Cullum Geographical Medal">Cullum Geographical Medal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Geographical_Society" title="American Geographical Society">American Geographical Society</a>, 1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Medal_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society">Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society</a>, 1964</li> <li>Elected to the National Academy of Sciences, 1948</li> <li>Elected a Foreign Member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>, 1956<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Elected a Foreign Member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> (1972)<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>, 1938</li> <li>Elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>, 1938<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>, 1951</li> <li>Elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>, 1959</li> <li>Foreign Member of the <a href="/wiki/Geological_Society_of_London" title="Geological Society of London">Geological Society of London</a>, 1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Guggenheim Fellow">Guggenheim Fellow</a>, 1938, 1953, 1955</li> <li>Vetlesen Prize, 1960<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Eleven honorary degrees</li> <li>Geophysics Laboratory at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Medical_Branch" title="University of Texas Medical Branch">University of Texas Medical Branch</a> Marine Science Institute was renamed Maurice Ewing Hall.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ewing_Medal" title="Maurice Ewing Medal">Maurice Ewing Medals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Exploration_Geophysicists" title="Society of Exploration Geophysicists">Society of Exploration Geophysicists</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Geophysical_Union" title="American Geophysical Union">American Geophysical Union</a> were named after him.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">lunar</a> <a href="/wiki/Wrinkle_ridge" title="Wrinkle ridge">wrinkle ridge</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Dorsa_Ewing" title="Dorsa Ewing">Dorsa Ewing</a></i> was named after him.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Ewing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_geophysicists" title="List of geophysicists">List of geophysicists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RV_Maurice_Ewing" title="RV Maurice Ewing">Research Vessel Maurice Ewing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Ewing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-frs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBullard1975" class="citation journal cs1">Bullard, E. (1975). "William Maurice Ewing 12 May 1906 -- 4 May 1974". <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>21</b>: 268–311. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1975.0007">10.1098/rsbm.1975.0007</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:58639151">58639151</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=William+Maurice+Ewing+12+May+1906+--+4+May+1974&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=268-311&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1975.0007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A58639151%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bullard&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Ewing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrake1974" class="citation journal cs1">Drake, C. L. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.3128712">"Maurice Ewing"</a>. <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>27</b> (7): 59. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974PhT....27g..59D">1974PhT....27g..59D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.3128712">10.1063/1.3128712</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Maurice+Ewing&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=59&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.3128712&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1974PhT....27g..59D&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=C.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1063%252F1.3128712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Ewing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/alumni/Magazine/Winter2001/ewing.html">Maurice Ewing and the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenioff1951" class="citation journal cs1">Benioff, H. (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1063427">"Sound Waves in the Atmosphere Generated by a Small Earthquake"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>37</b> (9): 600–603. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1951PNAS...37..600B">1951PNAS...37..600B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.37.9.600">10.1073/pnas.37.9.600</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1063427">1063427</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16589019">16589019</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Sound+Waves+in+the+Atmosphere+Generated+by+a+Small+Earthquake&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=600-603&rft.date=1951&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1063427%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16589019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.37.9.600&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1951PNAS...37..600B&rft.aulast=Benioff&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1063427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Ewing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver1958" class="citation journal cs1">Oliver, J. (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC534559">"Seismic Surface Waves at Palisades from Explosions in Nevada and the Marshall Islands"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>44</b> (8): 780–785. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958PNAS...44..780O">1958PNAS...44..780O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.44.8.780">10.1073/pnas.44.8.780</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC534559">534559</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16590271">16590271</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Seismic+Surface+Waves+at+Palisades+from+Explosions+in+Nevada+and+the+Marshall+Islands&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=780-785&rft.date=1958&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC534559%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16590271&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.44.8.780&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1958PNAS...44..780O&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC534559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Ewing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEwing1959" class="citation journal cs1">Ewing, M. (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC222565">"Significance of the Worzel Deep Sea Ash"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>45</b> (3): 355–361. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1959PNAS...45..355E">1959PNAS...45..355E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.45.3.355">10.1073/pnas.45.3.355</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC222565">222565</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16590390">16590390</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Significance+of+the+Worzel+Deep+Sea+Ash&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=355-361&rft.date=1959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC222565%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16590390&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.45.3.355&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1959PNAS...45..355E&rft.aulast=Ewing&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC222565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Ewing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnofrio2001" class="citation book cs1">Onofrio, Jan (2001-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fh9kC4lCZxgC"><i>Texas Biographical Dictionary</i></a>. Somerset Publishers, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780403099924" title="Special:BookSources/9780403099924"><bdi>9780403099924</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Texas+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pub=Somerset+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.isbn=9780403099924&rft.aulast=Onofrio&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFh9kC4lCZxgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Ewing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><i>www.lehigh.edu</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lehigh.edu/~inspc/Lehigh_History/physics-history.pdf">https://www.lehigh.edu/~inspc/Lehigh_History/physics-history.pdf</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lehigh.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lehigh.edu%2F~inspc%2FLehigh_History%2Fphysics-history.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Ewing" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/05/archives/dr-maruice-ewing-earth-scientist-dies-worked-for-oil-companies.html">"Maurice Ewing, Earth Scientist, Dies"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 1974-05-05. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Maurice+Ewing%2C+Earth+Scientist%2C+Dies&rft.date=1974-05-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F05%2F05%2Farchives%2Fdr-maruice-ewing-earth-scientist-dies-worked-for-oil-companies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Ewing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ewing, (William) Maurice." <i>Current Biography 1953</i>. The H.W. Wilson Company. 1954. p.189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carty-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carty_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229180532/http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_carty">"John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science"</a>. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_carty">the original</a> on 29 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+J.+Carty+Award+for+the+Advancement+of+Science&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fsite%2FPageServer%3Fpagename%3DAWARDS_carty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Ewing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528025012/https://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00000193">"M. Ewing (1906 - 1974)"</a>. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00000193">the original</a> on 28 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M.+Ewing+%281906+-+1974%29&rft.pub=Royal+Netherlands+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwc.knaw.nl%2Fbiografie%2Fpmknaw%2F%3Fpagetype%3DauthorDetail%26aId%3DPE00000193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Ewing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm?initial=&year=1938&unit_id=&institution=Lehigh+University">"APS Fellow Archive"</a>. <i>American Physical Society</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Physical+Society&rft.atitle=APS+Fellow+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aps.org%2Fprograms%2Fhonors%2Ffellowships%2Farchive-all.cfm%3Finitial%3D%26year%3D1938%26unit_id%3D%26institution%3DLehigh%2BUniversity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Ewing" class="Z3988"></span> (search on year=1938 and institution=Lehigh University)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/vetlesen/recipients/1960/me_bio.html">The Vetlesen Prize</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051112084054/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/vetlesen/recipients/1960/me_bio.html">Archived</a> 2005-11-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Ewing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040808004439/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ldeo/hist/images/history4.jpg">Photo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EuhccACOd1U">Video Lecture Explaining SOFAR Spheres</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/ewing-william.pdf">National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harpers.org/archive/1958/09/the-coming-ice-age/">Article regarding Ewing's work with William Donn on Ice Ages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/05/archives/dr-maruice-ewing-earth-scientist-dies-worked-for-oil-companies.html">Maurice Ewing, Earth Scientist, Dies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.123.3207.1061?sid=d1e12e2b-a186-41c9-a678-2c15debd644d">A Theory of Ice Ages, Maurice Ewing and William L. Donn</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://okretypodwodne.edu.pl/wspolczesne-op/sosus-tajna-bron-cz-1/">SOSUS system monitorowania i kontroli dźwięku pod wodą w czasie Zimnej Wojny. cz. 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Www.okretypodwodne.edu.pl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Www.okretypodwodne.edu.pl (page does not exist)">www.okretypodwodne.edu.pl</a> (pl)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://okretypodwodne.edu.pl/wspolczesne-op/sosus-tajna-bron-cz-2/">SOSUS system monitorowania i kontroli dźwięku pod wodą w czasie Zimnej Wojny. cz. 2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Www.okretypodwodne.edu.pl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Www.okretypodwodne.edu.pl (page does not exist)">www.okretypodwodne.edu.pl</a> (pl)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://okretypodwodne.edu.pl/wspolczesne-op/sosus-tajna-bron-cz-3/">SOSUS system monitorowania i kontroli dźwięku pod wodą w czasie Zimnej Wojny. cz. 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1561583#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1561583#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1561583#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109984120">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/92872655">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1728817/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfCwd3mfmpqH4mcc3xJjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/116618345">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50010907">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15135048v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15135048v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35604684">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2006357402&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p114257833">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007322913805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02816868?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=74919">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/440784">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1011826">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd116618345.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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