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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-London,_Berlin_and_Paris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#London,_Berlin_and_Paris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>London, Berlin and Paris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-London,_Berlin_and_Paris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Furniture_and_rugs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Furniture_and_rugs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Furniture and rugs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Furniture_and_rugs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_success" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_success"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Early success</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_success-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_1940s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_1940s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Late 1940s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_1940s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>1950s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s_and_1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s_and_1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>1960s and 1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s_and_1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Themes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Themes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Themes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Crucifixion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Crucifixion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The Crucifixion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Crucifixion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Popes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reclining_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reclining_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Reclining figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reclining_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_screaming_mouth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_screaming_mouth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>The screaming mouth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_screaming_mouth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Auction_value" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auction_value"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Auction value</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auction_value-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estate_assignment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estate_assignment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Estate assignment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estate_assignment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Studio_relocation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studio_relocation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Studio relocation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studio_relocation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catalogue_raisonné" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catalogue_raisonné"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span><i>Catalogue raisonné</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catalogue_raisonné-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_and_further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_and_further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources and further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_and_further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis Bacon (artist)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(skilder)" title="Francis Bacon (skilder) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Francis Bacon (skilder)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="فرانسيس بيكون (رسام) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرانسيس بيكون (رسام)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(artista)" title="Francis Bacon (artista) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Francis Bacon (artista)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(pintor)" title="Francis Bacon (pintor) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Francis Bacon (pintor)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA)" title="Фрэнсіс Бэкан (мастак) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэнсіс Бэкан (мастак)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA)" title="Фрэнсіс Бэкан (мастак) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фрэнсіс Бэкан (мастак)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BD_(%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Френсис Бейкън (художник) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Френсис Бейкън (художник)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(pintor)" title="Francis Bacon (pintor) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Francis Bacon (pintor)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(mal%C3%AD%C5%99)" title="Francis Bacon (malíř) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francis Bacon (malíř)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(pittore)" title="Francis Bacon (pittore) – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Francis Bacon (pittore)" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(maler)" title="Francis Bacon (maler) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Francis Bacon (maler)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(Maler)" title="Francis Bacon (Maler) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Francis Bacon (Maler)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(kunstnik)" title="Francis Bacon (kunstnik) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Francis Bacon (kunstnik)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD_(%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82)" title="Φράνσις Μπέικον (καλλιτέχνης) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φράνσις Μπέικον (καλλιτέχνης)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(pintor)" title="Francis Bacon (pintor) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Francis Bacon (pintor)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(pentristo)" title="Francis Bacon (pentristo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Francis Bacon (pentristo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(margolaria)" title="Francis Bacon (margolaria) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Francis Bacon (margolaria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86_(%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4)" title="فرانسیس بیکن (نقاش) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانسیس بیکن (نقاش)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(peintre)" title="Francis Bacon (peintre) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Francis Bacon (peintre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Francis Bacon" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(artista)" title="Francis Bacon (artista) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Francis Bacon (artista)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%9C%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%BB%A8_(%ED%99%94%EA%B0%80)" title="프랜시스 베이컨 (화가) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랜시스 베이컨 (화가)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD_%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B6_(%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B9)" title="Ֆրենսիս Բեկոն (նկարիչ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրենսիս Բեկոն (նկարիչ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(umjetnik)" title="Francis Bacon (umjetnik) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francis Bacon (umjetnik)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(seniman)" title="Francis Bacon (seniman) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Francis Bacon (seniman)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(listama%C3%B0ur)" title="Francis Bacon (listamaður) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Francis Bacon (listamaður)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(pittore)" title="Francis Bacon (pittore) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Francis Bacon (pittore)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8)" title="פרנסיס בייקון (צייר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנסיס בייקון (צייר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98)" title="ფრენსის ბეკონი (მხატვარი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრენსის ბეკონი (მხატვარი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Bacon_(pictor)" title="Franciscus Bacon (pictor) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franciscus Bacon (pictor)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(Moler)" title="Francis Bacon (Moler) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Francis Bacon (Moler)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(1909)" title="Francis Bacon (1909) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Francis Bacon (1909)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(fest%C5%91)" title="Francis Bacon (festő) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francis Bacon (festő)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Френсис Бејкон (сликар) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Френсис Бејкон (сликар)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="فرانسيس بيكون (رسام من المملكه المتحده) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانسيس بيكون (رسام من المملكه المتحده)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(schilder)" title="Francis Bacon (schilder) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Francis Bacon (schilder)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3_(%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93%E5%AE%B6)" title="フランシス・ベーコン (芸術家) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランシス・ベーコン (芸術家)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(maler)" title="Francis Bacon (maler) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Francis Bacon (maler)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A8_(%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸਿਸ ਬੇਕਨ (ਕਲਾਕਾਰ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸਿਸ ਬੇਕਨ (ਕਲਾਕਾਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(pitor)" title="Francis Bacon (pitor) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Francis Bacon (pitor)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(malarz)" title="Francis Bacon (malarz) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Francis Bacon (malarz)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(artista)" title="Francis Bacon (artista) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Francis Bacon (artista)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(pictor)" title="Francis Bacon (pictor) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Francis Bacon (pictor)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_(%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Бэкон, Фрэнсис (художник) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бэкон, Фрэнсис (художник)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(artist)" title="Francis Bacon (artist) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Francis Bacon (artist)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(slikar)" title="Francis Bacon (slikar) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francis Bacon (slikar)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Франсис Бејкон (сликар) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Франсис Бејкон (сликар)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(slikar)" title="Francis Bacon (slikar) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francis Bacon (slikar)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(taidemaalari)" title="Francis Bacon (taidemaalari) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Francis Bacon (taidemaalari)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(konstn%C3%A4r)" title="Francis Bacon (konstnär) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Francis Bacon (konstnär)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99)" title="ฟรานซิส เบคอน (ศิลปิน) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟรานซิส เบคอน (ศิลปิน)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(ressam)" title="Francis Bacon (ressam) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Francis Bacon (ressam)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Френсіс Бекон (художник) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Френсіс Бекон (художник)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(ngh%E1%BB%87_s%C4%A9)" title="Francis Bacon (nghệ sĩ) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Francis Bacon (nghệ sĩ)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(man-aarte)" title="Francis Bacon (man-aarte) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Francis Bacon (man-aarte)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%9F%B9%E6%A0%B9" title="法蘭西斯·培根 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法蘭西斯·培根" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%9F%B9%E6%A0%B9_(%E7%94%BB%E5%AE%B6)" title="弗朗西斯·培根 (画家) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗朗西斯·培根 (画家)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Irish-born British figurative painter (1909–1992)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Francis Bacon</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Bacon_by_John_Dekin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/Francis_Bacon_by_John_Dekin.jpg/220px-Francis_Bacon_by_John_Dekin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/af/Francis_Bacon_by_John_Dekin.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="313" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1909-10-28</span>)</span>28 October 1909<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">28 April 1992<span style="display:none">(1992-04-28)</span> (aged 82)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Painter</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_paintings_by_Francis_Bacon" title="List of paintings by Francis Bacon">Full list</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Francis Bacon</b> (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992) was an Irish-born British <a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">figurative</a> painter known for his raw, unsettling imagery. Focusing on the human form, his subjects included <a href="/wiki/Crucify" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucify">crucifixions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">portraits</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">popes</a>, self-portraits, and portraits of close friends, with abstracted figures sometimes isolated in geometrical structures.<sup id="cite_ref-faerna_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faerna-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rejecting various classifications of his work, Bacon said he strove to render "the brutality of fact."<sup id="cite_ref-faerna_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faerna-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He built up a reputation as one of the giants of contemporary art with his unique style.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bacon said that he saw images "in series", and his work, which numbers in the region of 590 extant paintings along with many others he destroyed,<sup id="cite_ref-MH_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> typically focused on a single subject for sustained periods, often in <a href="/wiki/Triptych" title="Triptych">triptych</a> or <a href="/wiki/Diptych" title="Diptych">diptych</a> formats. His output can be broadly described as sequences or variations on single motifs; including the 1930s <a href="/wiki/Picasso" class="mw-redirect" title="Picasso">Picasso</a>-influenced bio-morphs and <a href="/wiki/Furies" class="mw-redirect" title="Furies">Furies</a>, the 1940s male heads isolated in rooms or geometric structures, the 1950s "screaming popes," the mid-to-late 1950s animals and lone figures, the early 1960s crucifixions, the mid-to-late 1960s portraits of friends, the 1970s self-portraits, and the cooler, more technical 1980s paintings. </p><p>Bacon did not begin to paint until his late twenties, having drifted in the late 1920s and early 1930s as an interior decorator, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bon_vivant" class="extiw" title="wikt:bon vivant">bon vivant</a> and gambler.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmied_1996,_121_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmied_1996,_121-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said that his artistic career was delayed because he spent too long looking for subject matter that could sustain his interest. His breakthrough came with the 1944 triptych <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Studies_for_Figures_at_the_Base_of_a_Crucifixion" title="Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion">Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion</a></i>, which sealed his reputation as a uniquely bleak chronicler of the human condition. From the mid-1960s, he mainly produced portraits of friends and drinking companions, either as single, diptych or triptych panels. Following the suicide of his lover George Dyer in 1971 (memorialised in his <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Triptychs" title="The Black Triptychs"><i>Black Triptychs</i></a>, and a number of posthumous portraits), his art became more sombre, inward-looking and preoccupied with the passage of time and death. The climax of his later period is marked by the masterpieces <i>Study for Self-Portrait</i> (1982) and <i><a href="/wiki/Study_for_a_Self-Portrait%E2%80%94Triptych,_1985%E2%80%9386" title="Study for a Self-Portrait—Triptych, 1985–86">Study for a Self-Portrait—Triptych, 1985–86</a></i>. </p><p>Despite his <a href="/wiki/Existentialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Existentialist">existentialist</a> and bleak outlook, Bacon was <a href="/wiki/Charisma" title="Charisma">charismatic</a>, articulate and well-read. A <i>bon vivant</i>, he spent his middle age eating, drinking and gambling in London's <a href="/wiki/Soho" title="Soho">Soho</a> with like-minded friends including <a href="/wiki/Lucian_Freud" title="Lucian Freud">Lucian Freud</a> (although they fell out in the mid-1970s, for reasons neither ever explained), <a href="/wiki/John_Deakin" title="John Deakin">John Deakin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muriel_Belcher" title="Muriel Belcher">Muriel Belcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Moraes" title="Henrietta Moraes">Henrietta Moraes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Farson" title="Daniel Farson">Daniel Farson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Baker" title="Tom Baker">Tom Baker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Bernard" title="Jeffrey Bernard">Jeffrey Bernard</a>. After Dyer's suicide, he largely distanced himself from this circle, and while still socially active and his passion for gambling and drinking continued, he settled into a platonic and somewhat fatherly relationship with his eventual heir, John Edwards. </p><p>Since his death, Bacon's reputation has grown steadily, and his work is among the most acclaimed, expensive and sought-after on the art market. In the late 1990s, a number of major works, previously assumed destroyed,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including early 1950s pope paintings and 1960s portraits, re-emerged to set record prices at auction. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Bacon%27s_birthplace_at_63_Baggot_Street_Dublin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Francis_Bacon%27s_birthplace_at_63_Baggot_Street_Dublin.jpg/150px-Francis_Bacon%27s_birthplace_at_63_Baggot_Street_Dublin.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Francis_Bacon%27s_birthplace_at_63_Baggot_Street_Dublin.jpg/225px-Francis_Bacon%27s_birthplace_at_63_Baggot_Street_Dublin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Francis_Bacon%27s_birthplace_at_63_Baggot_Street_Dublin.jpg/300px-Francis_Bacon%27s_birthplace_at_63_Baggot_Street_Dublin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Francis Bacon's birthplace at 63 Baggot Street, Dublin</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francis Bacon was born on 28 October 1909 in 63 <a href="/wiki/Lower_Baggot_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Baggot Street">Lower Baggot Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, all of Ireland was still part of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a>. His father, Army Captain Anthony Edward "Eddy" Mortimer Bacon, was born in <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>, South Australia, to an English father and an Australian mother.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eddy was a veteran of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">racehorse trainer</a>, and the grandson of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Bacon_(British_Army_officer)" title="Anthony Bacon (British Army officer)">Major-General Anthony Bacon</a>, who claimed descent from <a href="/wiki/Sir_Nicholas_Bacon,_1st_Baronet,_of_Redgrave" title="Sir Nicholas Bacon, 1st Baronet, of Redgrave">Sir Nicholas Bacon</a>, elder half-brother of <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon,_1st_Viscount_St_Albans" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Albans">Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Albans</a>, who is better known as "Sir Francis Bacon", the Elizabethan statesman, philosopher, and essayist.<sup id="cite_ref-pepp4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pepp4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bacon's mother, Christina Winifred "Winnie" Firth, was heiress to a <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a> steel business and coal mine. He had an older brother, Harley,<sup id="cite_ref-1911_Census_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911_Census-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two younger sisters, Ianthe and Winifred, and a younger brother, Edward. Bacon was raised by the family <a href="/wiki/Nanny" title="Nanny">nanny</a>, Jessie Lightfoot, from <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, known as "Nanny Lightfoot", a maternal figure who remained close to him until her death. During the early 1940s, he rented the ground floor of 7 Cromwell Place, <a href="/wiki/South_Kensington" title="South Kensington">South Kensington</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Everett_Millais" title="John Everett Millais">John Everett Millais</a>'s old studio. Nanny Lightfoot helped him install an illicit <a href="/wiki/Roulette" title="Roulette">roulette</a> wheel there, organised by Bacon and his friends.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed by art critics that Bacon's interest in a working-class perspective developed due to his relationship with Nanny Lightfoot.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevens_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The family moved house between Ireland and England several times, leading to a sense of displacement which remained with Bacon throughout his life. They lived in Cannycourt House in <a href="/wiki/County_Kildare" title="County Kildare">County Kildare</a> from 1911,<sup id="cite_ref-1911_Census_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911_Census-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later moving to Westbourne Terrace in London, close to where Bacon's father worked at the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Army (United Kingdom)">Territorial Force Records Office</a>. They returned to Ireland after the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. Bacon lived with his maternal grandmother and step-grandfather, Winifred and Kerry Supple, at Farmleigh, <a href="/wiki/Abbeyleix" title="Abbeyleix">Abbeyleix</a>, County Laois, although the rest of the family again moved to <a href="/wiki/Straffan" title="Straffan">Straffan Lodge</a> near <a href="/wiki/Naas" title="Naas">Naas</a>, County Kildare.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Bacon was shy as a child and enjoyed dressing up. This, and his effeminate manner, angered his father.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevens_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A story emerged in 1992 of his father having had Bacon horsewhipped by their <a href="/wiki/Groom_(horses)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groom (horses)">grooms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bacon was also gravely ill as a child, suffering from <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a> and an allergy to horses.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevens_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His poor health meant his formal education was sporadic; he received lessons at home from a private tutor, and from 1924 to 1926 attended <a href="/wiki/Dean_Close_School" title="Dean Close School">Dean Close</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">boarding school</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham" title="Cheltenham">Cheltenham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1924, shortly after the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a>, his parents moved to <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a>, first to Prescott House in <a href="/wiki/Gotherington" title="Gotherington">Gotherington</a>, then Linton Hall near the border with <a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a>. At a <a href="/wiki/Fancy-dress_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Fancy-dress party">fancy-dress party</a> at the Firth family home, Cavendish Hall in <a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a>, Bacon dressed as a <a href="/wiki/Flapper" title="Flapper">flapper</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Eton_crop" title="Eton crop">Eton crop</a>, beaded dress, lipstick, high heels, and a long cigarette holder. In 1926, the family moved back to Straffan Lodge. His sister, Ianthe, twelve years his junior, recalled that Bacon made drawings of ladies with <a href="/wiki/Cloche_hat" title="Cloche hat">cloche hats</a> and long cigarette holders. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I'm not sure Francis had a lot in common with my mother, because she didn't take much notice of his art or anything. I remember sometimes he brought home things that he'd drawn and, I don't know what my mother did with them she wasn't wildly interested in it. They were always, what we used to call 1920s ladies you know, with the cloche hat and, cigarette holder [<i>gestures long holder</i>]. That sort of thing. They were always drawings like that. They were very nice. What happened to them I don't know. – And, funnily enough I actually remember them.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ianthe Knott (<i><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a></i> Bacon) interviewed for <a href="/wiki/Arena_(British_TV_series)" title="Arena (British TV series)"><i>Bacon's Arena</i></a>, dir. Adam Low, broadcast 19 March 2005 at 9 pm on <a href="/wiki/BBC2" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC2">BBC2</a></cite></div></blockquote><p> Later that year, Bacon was thrown out of Straffan Lodge following an incident in which his father found him admiring himself in front of a large mirror wearing his mother's underwear.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="London,_Berlin_and_Paris"><span id="London.2C_Berlin_and_Paris"></span>London, Berlin and Paris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: London, Berlin and Paris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bacon spent the latter half of 1926 in London, on an allowance of £3 a week from his mother's <a href="/wiki/Trust_fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Trust fund">trust fund</a>, reading <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>. Although poor (£5 was then the average weekly wage),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bacon found that by avoiding rent and engaging in petty theft, he could survive. To supplement his income, he briefly tried his hand at domestic service, but although he enjoyed cooking, he became bored and resigned. He was sacked from a telephone-answering position at a shop selling women's clothes in <a href="/wiki/Poland_Street" title="Poland Street">Poland Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Soho" title="Soho">Soho</a> after writing a <a href="/wiki/Poison_pen_letter" title="Poison pen letter">poison pen letter</a> to the owner. </p><p>Bacon found himself drifting through London's homosexual underworld, aware that he was able to attract a certain type of rich man, something he was quick to take advantage of, having developed a taste for good food and wine. One was a relative of Winnie Harcourt-Smith, another breeder of racehorses, who was renowned for his manliness. Bacon claimed his father had asked this "uncle" to take him 'in-hand' and 'make a man of him'. Bacon had a difficult relationship with his father, once admitting to being sexually attracted to him.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> in 1927, where he saw <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)" title="Metropolis (1927 film)">Metropolis</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Sergei Eisenstein</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin" title="Battleship Potemkin">Battleship Potemkin</a></i>, both later to be influences on his work. He spent two months in Berlin, though Harcourt-Smith left after one: "He soon got tired of me, of course, and went off with a woman ... I didn't really know what to do, so I hung on for a while." </p><p>Bacon, then 17, spent the next year and a half in Paris. He met Yvonne Bocquentin, pianist and connoisseur,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the opening of an exhibition. Aware of his own need to learn <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, Bacon lived for three months with Madame Bocquentin and her family at their house near <a href="/wiki/Chantilly,_Oise" title="Chantilly, Oise">Chantilly, Oise</a>. He travelled into Paris to visit the city's art galleries.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chantilly" title="Château de Chantilly">Château de Chantilly</a> (Musée Condé) he saw <a href="/wiki/The_Massacre_of_the_Innocents_(Poussin)" title="The Massacre of the Innocents (Poussin)">Nicolas Poussin's <i>Massacre of the Innocents</i></a>, a painting which he often referred to in his later work.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bacon moved back to London in the winter of 1928/29 to work as an interior designer. He took a studio at 17 Queensberry Mews West, <a href="/wiki/South_Kensington" title="South Kensington">South Kensington</a>, sharing the upper floor with Eric Allden – his first collector – and his childhood nanny, Jessie Lightfoot. In 1929, he met Eric Hall, his <a href="/wiki/Patron" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron">patron</a> and lover in an often torturous and abusive relationship. Bacon left the Queensberry Mews West studio in 1931 and had no settled space for some years. He probably shared a studio with <a href="/wiki/Roy_De_Maistre" title="Roy De Maistre">Roy De Maistre</a> circa 1931/32 in <a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_London" title="Chelsea, London">Chelsea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Furniture_and_rugs">Furniture and rugs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Furniture and rugs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1933 <i><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_(1933)" title="Crucifixion (1933)">Crucifixion</a></i> was his first painting to attract public attention, and was in part based on <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Dancers" title="The Three Dancers">The Three Dancers</a></i> of 1925. It was not well received; disillusioned, he abandoned painting for nearly a decade, and suppressed his earlier works.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He visited Paris in 1935 where he bought a secondhand book on anatomical diseases of the mouth containing high quality hand-coloured plates of both open mouths and oral interiors,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which haunted and obsessed him for the remainder of his life. These and the scene with the nurse screaming on the <a href="/wiki/Potemkin_Stairs" title="Potemkin Stairs">Odessa steps</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin" title="Battleship Potemkin">Battleship Potemkin</a></i> later became recurrent parts of Bacon's iconography, with the angularity of Eisenstein's images often combined with the thick red palette of his recently purchased medical tome. </p><p>In the winter of 1935–36, <a href="/wiki/Roland_Penrose" title="Roland Penrose">Roland Penrose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Read" title="Herbert Read">Herbert Read</a>, making a first selection for the <i>International Surrealist Exhibition</i>, visited his studio at 71 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hospital_Road" title="Royal Hospital Road">Royal Hospital Road</a>, Chelsea saw "three or four large canvases including one with a grandfather clock", but found his work "insufficiently <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surreal</a> to be included in the show". Bacon claimed Penrose told him "Mr. Bacon, don't you realise a lot has happened in painting since the <a href="/wiki/Impressionists" class="mw-redirect" title="Impressionists">Impressionists</a>?" In 1936 or 1937 Bacon moved from 71 Royal Hospital Road to the top floor of 1 <a href="/wiki/Glebe_Place" title="Glebe Place">Glebe Place</a>, Chelsea, which Eric Hall had rented. The following year, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a> moved to the top two floors of the building where De Maistre had his studio, on Eccleston Street and commissioned from Bacon, by now a friend, a writing desk (with wide drawers and a red linoleum top). Expressing one of his basic concerns from the late 1930s, Bacon said that his artistic career was delayed because he spent too long looking for subject matter that could sustain his interest.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmied_1996,_121_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmied_1996,_121-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1937, at <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Agnew_and_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Agnew and Sons">Thomas Agnew and Sons</a>, 43 Old Bond Street, London, Bacon exhibited in a group show, <i>Young British Painters</i>, which included <a href="/wiki/Graham_Sutherland" title="Graham Sutherland">Graham Sutherland</a> and Roy De Maistre. Eric Hall organised the show. He showed four works: <i>Figures in a Garden</i> (1936); <i>Abstraction</i>, <i>Abstraction from the Human Form</i> (known from magazine photographs) and <i>Seated Figure</i> (also lost). These paintings prefigure <i>Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion</i> (1944) in alternatively representing a <a href="/wiki/Tripod" title="Tripod">tripod</a> structure (<i>Abstraction</i>), bared <a href="/wiki/Teeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeth">teeth</a> (<i>Abstraction from the Human Form</i>), and both being biomorphic in form. </p><p>On 1 June 1940, Bacon's father died. Bacon was named sole Trustee/Executor of his father's will, which requested the funeral be as "private and simple as possible". Unfit for active wartime service, Bacon volunteered for <a href="/wiki/Civil_defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil defence">civil defence</a> and worked full-time in the <a href="/wiki/Air_Raid_Precautions" title="Air Raid Precautions">Air Raid Precautions</a> (ARP) rescue service; the fine dust of bombed London worsened his asthma and he was discharged. At the height of <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">the Blitz</a>, Eric Hall rented a cottage for Bacon and himself at Bedales Lodge in <a href="/wiki/Steep,_Hampshire" title="Steep, Hampshire">Steep</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Petersfield,_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Petersfield, Hampshire">Petersfield, Hampshire</a>. <i>Figure Getting Out of a Car</i> (ca. 1939/1940) was painted here but is known only from an early 1946 photograph taken by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Rose_Pulham" title="Peter Rose Pulham">Peter Rose Pulham</a>. The photograph was taken shortly before the canvas was painted over by Bacon and retitled <i>Landscape with Car</i>. An ancestor to the biomorphic form of the central panel of <i>Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion</i> (1944), the composition was suggested by a photograph of Hitler getting out of a car at one of the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_rallies" title="Nuremberg rallies">Nuremberg rallies</a>. Bacon claims to have "copied the car and not much else".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bacon and Hall in 1943 took the ground floor of 7 Cromwell Place, South Kensington, formerly the house and studio of <a href="/wiki/John_Everett_Millais" title="John Everett Millais">John Everett Millais</a>. High-vaulted and north-lit, its roof was recently bombed – Bacon was able to adapt a large old <a href="/wiki/Billiard_room" title="Billiard room">billiard room</a> at the back as his studio. Lightfoot, lacking an alternative location, slept on the kitchen table. They held illicit <a href="/wiki/Roulette" title="Roulette">roulette</a> parties, organised by Bacon with the assistance of Hall. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_success">Early success</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early success"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Studies_for_Figures_at_the_Base_of_a_Crucifixion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Three_Studies_for_Figures_at_the_Base_of_a_Crucifixion.jpg/450px-Three_Studies_for_Figures_at_the_Base_of_a_Crucifixion.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/11/Three_Studies_for_Figures_at_the_Base_of_a_Crucifixion.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="210" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Studies_for_Figures_at_the_Base_of_a_Crucifixion" title="Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion">Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion</a></i>, 1944. Oil and pastel on Sundeala board. <a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1944 Bacon had gained confidence and moved toward developing his unique signature style.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Studies_for_Figures_at_the_Base_of_a_Crucifixion" title="Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion">Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion</a></i> had summarised themes explored in his earlier paintings, including his examination of Picasso's <a href="/wiki/Biomorphism" title="Biomorphism">biomorphs</a>, his interpretations of the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">Crucifixion</a>, and the Greek Furies. It is generally considered his first mature piece;<sup id="cite_ref-Melvyn_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melvyn-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he regarded his works before the triptych as irrelevant. The painting caused a sensation when exhibited in 1945 and established him as a foremost post-war painter. Remarking on the cultural significance of <i>Three Studies</i>, <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_(art_critic)" title="John Russell (art critic)">John Russell</a> observed in 1971 that "there was painting in England before the Three Studies, and painting after them, and no one ... can confuse the two."<sup id="cite_ref-Russell_1971,_22_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russell_1971,_22-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Painting_(1946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Painting (1946)">Painting (1946)</a></i> was shown in several group shows including in the British section of <i>Exposition internationale d'art moderne</i> (18 November – 28 December 1946) at the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne" title="Musée National d'Art Moderne">Musée National d'Art Moderne</a>, for which Bacon travelled to Paris. Within a fortnight of the sale of <i>Painting (1946)</i> to the <a href="/wiki/Hanover_Gallery" title="Hanover Gallery">Hanover Gallery</a> Bacon used the proceeds to decamp from London to <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>. After staying at a succession of hotels and flats, including the Hôtel de Ré, Bacon settled in a large villa, La Frontalière, in the hills above the town. Hall and Lightfoot would come to stay. Bacon spent much of the next few years in Monte Carlo apart from short visits to London. From Monte Carlo, Bacon wrote to Sutherland and <a href="/wiki/Erica_Brausen" title="Erica Brausen">Erica Brausen</a>. His letters to Brausen show he painted there, but no paintings are known to survive. Bacon said he became "obsessed" with the <a href="/wiki/Casino_de_Monte_Carlo" class="mw-redirect" title="Casino de Monte Carlo">Casino de Monte Carlo</a>, where he would "spend whole days". Falling in debt from gambling, he was unable to afford a new canvas. This compelled him to paint on the raw, unprimed side of his previous work, a practice he kept throughout his life.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948, <i>Painting (1946)</i> sold to <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Barr" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Barr">Alfred Barr</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> (MoMA) in New York for £240. Bacon wrote to Sutherland asking that he apply <a href="/wiki/Fixative_(drawing)" title="Fixative (drawing)">fixative</a> to the patches of <a href="/wiki/Pastel" title="Pastel">pastel</a> on <i>Painting (1946)</i> before it was shipped to New York. (The work is now too fragile to be moved from MoMA for exhibition elsewhere.) At least one visit to Paris in 1946 brought Bacon into contact with French postwar painting and Left Bank ideas such as <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had, by this time, embarked on his lifelong friendship with <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Rawsthorne" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabel Rawsthorne">Isabel Rawsthorne</a>, a painter closely involved with <a href="/wiki/Giacometti" class="mw-redirect" title="Giacometti">Giacometti</a> and the Left Bank set.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They shared many interests, including ethnography and classical literature.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_1940s">Late 1940s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Late 1940s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1947, Sutherland introduced Bacon to Brausen, who represented Bacon for twelve years. Despite this, Bacon did not mount a one-man show in Brausen's Hanover Gallery until 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bacon returned to London and Cromwell Place late in 1948. </p><p>The following year Bacon exhibited his "Heads" series, most notable for <i><a href="/wiki/Head_VI" title="Head VI">Head VI</a></i>, Bacon's first surviving engagement with Velázquez's <i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Pope_Innocent_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Portrait of Pope Innocent X">Portrait of Pope Innocent X</a></i> (three 'popes' were painted in Monte Carlo in 1946 but were destroyed). He kept an extensive inventory of images for source material, but preferred not to confront the major works in person; he viewed <i>Portrait of Innocent X</i> only once, much later in his life.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950s">1950s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1950s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Studies_for_the_Portrait_of_Henrietta_Moraes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/Three_Studies_for_the_Portrait_of_Henrietta_Moraes.jpg/440px-Three_Studies_for_the_Portrait_of_Henrietta_Moraes.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/32/Three_Studies_for_the_Portrait_of_Henrietta_Moraes.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="196" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Studies_for_a_Portrait_of_Henrietta_Moraes" title="Three Studies for a Portrait of Henrietta Moraes">Three Studies for a Portrait of Henrietta Moraes</a></i>, 1963</figcaption></figure> <p>Bacon's main haunt was <a href="/wiki/The_Colony_Room" class="mw-redirect" title="The Colony Room">The Colony Room</a>, a private drinking club at 41 <a href="/wiki/Dean_Street" title="Dean Street">Dean Street</a> in Soho, known as "Muriel's" after <a href="/wiki/Muriel_Belcher" title="Muriel Belcher">Muriel Belcher</a>, its proprietor.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belcher had run the Music-box club in <a href="/wiki/Leicester_Square" title="Leicester Square">Leicester Square</a> during the war, and secured a 3 – 11pm drinking licence for the Colony Room bar as a private-members club. Bacon was an early member, joining the day after its opening in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was 'adopted' by Belcher as a 'daughter', and allowed free drinks and £10 a week to bring in friends and rich patrons. In 1948 he met <a href="/wiki/John_Minton_(artist)" title="John Minton (artist)">John Minton</a>, a regular at Muriel's, as were the painters <a href="/wiki/Lucian_Freud" title="Lucian Freud">Lucian Freud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Auerbach" title="Frank Auerbach">Frank Auerbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Swift" title="Patrick Swift">Patrick Swift</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)" title="Vogue (magazine)">Vogue</a></i> photographer <a href="/wiki/John_Deakin" title="John Deakin">John Deakin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1950, Bacon met the art critic <a href="/wiki/David_Sylvester" title="David Sylvester">David Sylvester</a>, then best known for his writing on <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Henry Moore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Alberto Giacometti</a>. Sylvester had admired and written about Bacon since 1948. Bacon's artistic inclinations in the 1950s moved towards his abstracted figures which were typically isolated in geometrical cage-like spaces, and set against flat, nondescript backgrounds. Bacon said that he saw images "in series", and his work typically focused more on a single subject for sustained periods, often in <a href="/wiki/Triptych" title="Triptych">triptych</a> or <a href="/wiki/Diptych" title="Diptych">diptych</a> formats.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although his decisions might have been driven by the fact that in the 1950s he tended to produce group works for specific showings, usually leaving things until the last minute, there is significant development in his aesthetic choices during this period which influenced his preference for the represented content in his paintings.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On 30 April 1951, Jessie Lightfoot, his childhood nanny, died at Cromwell Place; Bacon was gambling in <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> when he learned of her death. She had been his closest companion, joining him in London on his return from Paris, and lived with him and Eric Alden at Queensberry Mews West, and later with Eric Hall near Petersfield, in Monte Carlo and at Cromwell Place. Stricken, Bacon sold the 7 Cromwell Place apartment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1952, Bacon met Peter Lacy a pianist and former RAF pilot from a similar social background to himself.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lacy was a violent alcoholic who was disliked by Bacon's contemporaries but was also described as the love of Bacon's life. The pair engaged in an off and on relationship which had a significant S&M aspect where Bacon would deliberately provoke acts of violence from Lacy.<sup id="cite_ref-Acocella_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acocella-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid 1950s Lacy moved to Tangier, Morocco and Bacon also began to spend some of his time there.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1958 he aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Fine_Art" title="Marlborough Fine Art">Marlborough Fine Art</a> gallery, who remained as his sole dealer until 1992. In return for a 10-year contract, Marlborough advanced him money against current and future paintings, with the price of each determined by its size.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A painting measuring 20 inches by 24 inches was valued at £165 ($462), while one of 65 inches by 78 inches was valued at £420 ($1,176); these were sizes Bacon favoured. According to the contract, the painter would try to supply the gallery with £3,500 ($9,800) worth of pictures each year.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s_and_1970s">1960s and 1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1960s and 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Triptychs" title="The Black Triptychs">The Black Triptychs</a></div> <p>In 1962, Bacon's lover Peter Lacy died from the effects of alcoholism the day before Bacon opened a retrospective exhibition in the TATE.<sup id="cite_ref-Acocella_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acocella-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bacon met George Dyer in 1963 at a pub,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although a much-repeated myth claims they met when Dyer burgled Bacon's flat.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dyer was about 30 years old, from London's <a href="/wiki/East_End" class="mw-redirect" title="East End">East End</a>. He came from a family steeped in crime, and had till then spent his life drifting between theft and prison. Bacon's earlier relationships had been with older and tumultuous men. His previous lover, Peter Lacy, had a reputation for tearing up Bacon's paintings, beating him in drunken rages, and at times leaving him on streets half-conscious.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bacon was now the dominating personality, attracted to Dyer's vulnerability and trusting nature. Dyer was impressed by Bacon's self-confidence and success, and Bacon acted as a protector and father figure to the insecure younger man.<sup id="cite_ref-mlp211_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlp211-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dyer was, like Bacon, a borderline alcoholic and similarly took obsessive care with his appearance. Pale-faced and a chain-smoker, Dyer typically confronted his daily hangovers by drinking again. His compact and athletic build belied a docile and inwardly tortured personality, although the art critic <a href="/wiki/Michael_Peppiatt" title="Michael Peppiatt">Michael Peppiatt</a> describes him as having the air of a man who could "land a decisive punch". Their behaviours eventually overwhelmed their affair, and by 1970 Bacon was merely providing Dyer with enough money to stay more or less permanently drunk.<sup id="cite_ref-mlp211_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlp211-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Bacon's work moved from the extreme subject matter of his early paintings to portraits of friends in the mid-1960s, Dyer became a dominating presence.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bacon's paintings emphasise Dyer's physicality, yet are uncharacteristically tender. More than any other of Bacon's close friends, Dyer came to feel inseparable from his portraits. The paintings gave him stature, a <i>raison d'etre</i>, and offered meaning to what Bacon described as Dyer's "brief interlude between life and death".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many critics have described Dyer's portraits as favourites, including <a href="/wiki/Michel_Leiris" title="Michel Leiris">Michel Leiris</a> and Lawrence Gowing. Yet as Dyer's novelty diminished within Bacon's circle of sophisticated intellectuals, Dyer became increasingly bitter and ill at ease. Although Dyer welcomed the attention the paintings brought him, he did not pretend to understand or even like them. "All that money an' I fink they're reely 'orrible," he observed with choked pride.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dyer abandoned crime but descended into alcoholism. Bacon's money attracted hangers-on for <a href="/wiki/Binge_drinking" title="Binge drinking">benders</a> around London's Soho. Withdrawn and reserved when sober, Dyer was highly animated and aggressive when drunk, and often attempted to "pull a Bacon" by buying large rounds and paying for expensive dinners for his wide circle. Dyer's erratic behaviour inevitably wore thin with his cronies, with Bacon, and with Bacon's friends. Most of Bacon's art world associates regarded Dyer as a nuisance – an intrusion into the world of high culture to which <i>their</i> Bacon belonged.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dyer reacted by becoming increasingly needy and dependent. By 1971, he was drinking alone and only in occasional contact with his former lover.<sup id="cite_ref-mlp211_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlp211-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1971, Dyer joined Bacon in Paris for the opening of Bacon's retrospective at the <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais" title="Grand Palais">Grand Palais</a></i>. While Bacon's career was at a peak, he was described at the time as Britain's "greatest living painter", Dyer knew that his own importance to Bacon was in decline. To gain attention, he planted cannabis in his flat and phoned the police, and attempted suicide on a number of occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Paris, Bacon and Dyer initially shared a hotel room, but Bacon left. When he returned on the morning of 24 October, with Danziger-Miles and Valerie Beston, they discovered Dyer's body. They persuaded the hotel manager not to announce the death for two days.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bacon spent the following day surrounded by people eager to meet him. In mid-evening of the following day he was "informed" that Dyer had taken an overdose of <a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">barbiturates</a> and was dead. Bacon continued with the retrospective and displayed powers of self-control "to which few of us could aspire", according to Russell.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bacon was deeply affected by the loss of Dyer, and had recently lost four other friends and his nanny. From this point, death haunted his life and work.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though outwardly stoic at the time, he was inwardly broken. He did not express his feelings to critics, but later admitted to friends that "daemons, disaster and loss" now stalked him as if his own version of the <a href="/wiki/Erinyes" title="Erinyes">Eumenides</a> (Greek for The Furies).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bacon spent the remainder of his stay in Paris attending to promotional activities and funeral arrangements. He returned to London later that week to comfort Dyer's family.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the funeral many of Dyer's friends, including hardened East-End criminals, broke down in tears. As the coffin was lowered into the grave one friend was overcome and screamed "you bloody fool!" Bacon remained stoic during the proceedings, but in the following months suffered an emotional and physical breakdown. Deeply affected, over the following two years he painted a number of single canvas portraits of Dyer, and the three highly regarded "<a href="/wiki/Black_Triptychs" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Triptychs">Black Triptychs</a>", each of which details moments immediately before and after Dyer's suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-p243_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p243-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While on holiday, Bacon was admitted to the private Clinica Ruber, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His chronic <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, which had plagued him all his life, had developed into a more severe respiratory condition and he could not talk or breathe very well. </p><p>He died of a <a href="/wiki/Heart_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a> on 28 April 1992, aged 82. He bequeathed his estate (then valued at £11 million) to his heir and sole legatee John Edwards; in 1998, at Edwards' request, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Clarke" title="Brian Clarke">Brian Clarke</a>, a friend of Bacon and Edwards, was installed as sole executor of the estate by the High Court, following the Court's severing of all ties between Bacon's former gallery, <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Fine_Art" title="Marlborough Fine Art">Marlborough Fine Art</a>, and his estate.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998 the director of the <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lane_Gallery" title="Hugh Lane Gallery">Hugh Lane Gallery</a> in Dublin secured Edwards' and Clarke's donation of the contents of Bacon's studio at 7 Reece Mews, <a href="/wiki/South_Kensington" title="South Kensington">South Kensington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contents of his studio were surveyed, moved, and reconstructed in the gallery.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Crucifixion">The Crucifixion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Crucifixion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The imagery of the crucifixion weighs heavily in the work of Francis Bacon.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critic John Russell wrote that the crucifixion in Bacon's work is a "generic name for an environment in which bodily harm is done to one or more persons and one or more other persons gather to watch".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bacon admitted that he saw the scene as "a magnificent <a href="/wiki/Armature_(sculpture)" title="Armature (sculpture)">armature</a> on which you can hang all types of feeling and sensation".<sup id="cite_ref-Sch78_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sch78-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believed the imagery of the crucifixion allowed him to examine "certain areas of human behaviour" in a unique way, as the armature of the theme had been accumulated by so many old masters.<sup id="cite_ref-Sch78_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sch78-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though he came to painting relatively late in life – he did not begin to paint seriously until his late 30s – crucifixion scenes can be found in his earliest works.<sup id="cite_ref-Sy13_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sy13-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1933, his patron Eric Hall commissioned a series of three paintings based on the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early paintings were influenced by such old masters as <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Gr%C3%BCnewald" title="Matthias Grünewald">Matthias Grünewald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Sy13_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sy13-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also by Picasso's late 1920s/early 1930s biomorphs and the early work of the <a href="/wiki/Surrealists" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrealists">Surrealists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popes">Popes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Popes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bacon's series of Popes, largely quoting Velázquez's famous <i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Innocent_X" title="Portrait of Innocent X">Portrait of Innocent X</a></i> (1650, Galeria Doria Pamphili, Rome), are striking images which further develop motifs already found in his earlier works, like the <i>Study for Three Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion</i>, such as the screaming open mouth. The figures of the popes, pictorially isolated by partly curved parallel lines indicating psychological forces and symbolising inner energy like strength of feeling, are alienated from their original representation and, stripped of their representation of power to allegories of suffering humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-Rump,_146-168_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rump,_146-168-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reclining_figures">Reclining figures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reclining figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many of Bacon's paintings are "inhabited" by reclining figures. Single, or, as in triptychs, repeated with variations, they can be commented by symbolic indexes (like circular arrows as signs for rotation), turning painted images to blueprints for moving images of the type of contemporary GIFs. The composition of especially the nude figures is influenced by the sculptural work of <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>. The multi-phasing of his rendition of the figures, which often is also applied to the sitters in the portraits, is also a reference to <a href="/wiki/Eadweard_Muybridge" title="Eadweard Muybridge">Eadweard Muybridge</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chronophotography" title="Chronophotography">chronophotography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rump,_146-168_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rump,_146-168-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_screaming_mouth">The screaming mouth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The screaming mouth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eisenstein_Potemkin_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Eisenstein_Potemkin_2.jpg/160px-Eisenstein_Potemkin_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Eisenstein_Potemkin_2.jpg/240px-Eisenstein_Potemkin_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Eisenstein_Potemkin_2.jpg/320px-Eisenstein_Potemkin_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Still from <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Sergei Eisenstein</a>'s 1925 silent film <i><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin" title="Battleship Potemkin">Battleship Potemkin</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The inspiration for the recurring motif of screaming mouths in many Bacons of the late 1940s and early 1950s was drawn from a number of sources, including medical text books. <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Clark_(radiographer)" title="Kathleen Clark (radiographer)">Kathleen Clark</a>'s 1939 book of <a href="/wiki/Radiography" title="Radiography">X-Ray photographs</a> was a major source.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also used the works of <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Gr%C3%BCnewald" title="Matthias Grünewald">Matthias Grünewald</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and photographic stills of the nurse in the Odessa Steps scene in Eisenstein's 1925 <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin" title="Battleship Potemkin">Battleship Potemkin</a></i>. Bacon saw the film in 1935, and viewed it frequently thereafter. He kept in his studio a photographic still of the scene, showing a close-up of the nurse's head screaming in panic and terror and with broken <a href="/wiki/Pince-nez" title="Pince-nez">pince-nez</a> spectacles hanging from her blood-stained face. He referred to the image throughout his career, using it as a source of inspiration.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bacon described the screaming mouth as a catalyst for his work, and incorporated its shape when painting the <a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">chimera</a>. His use of the motif can be seen in one of his first surviving works,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Abstraction from the Human Form</i>. By the early 1950s it became an obsessive concern, to the point, according to art critic and Bacon biographer Michael Peppiatt, "it would be no exaggeration to say that, if one could really explain the origins and implications of this scream, one would be far closer to understanding the whole art of Francis Bacon."<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auction_value">Auction value</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Auction value"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Popes and large triptychs, in their time, commanded the highest prices at auction.<sup id="cite_ref-theartnewspaper_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theartnewspaper-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1989 Bacon was the most expensive living artist after one of his triptychs sold at <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> for over <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>6 million. In 2007, actress <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> consigned <i>Study for Portrait II</i> (1956) from the estate of her late husband <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Ponti" title="Carlo Ponti">Carlo Ponti</a> at <a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was auctioned for the then record price of £14.2 million ($27.5 million).<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, the <i>Triptych, 1976</i> sold at Sotheby's for €55.465 million ($86.28 million), then a record for a work by Bacon and the highest price paid for a postwar work of art at auction at the time. In 2013, <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Studies_of_Lucian_Freud" title="Three Studies of Lucian Freud">Three Studies of Lucian Freud</a></i> sold at Christie's New York for $142.4 million, surpassing both <i>Triptych</i> and <i>1976</i> in auctioned value, the record for highest auction price of a work of art at that time, surpassing the fourth version of <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Edvard Munch</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Scream" title="The Scream"><i>Scream</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Salvator_Mundi_(Leonardo)" title="Salvator Mundi (Leonardo)"><i>Salvator Mundi</i></a></i> later sold for a higher price.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estate_assignment">Estate assignment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Estate assignment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, England's High Court ruled that Marlborough Fine Art, Bacon's former gallery, had to be replaced by a new, independent representative for the administration of the estate. The estate then engaged as representation the <a href="/wiki/Tony_Shafrazi" title="Tony Shafrazi">Tony Shafrazi Gallery</a> in New York, and Faggionato Fine Arts in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-theartnewspaper_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theartnewspaper-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, the estate sued Marlborough UK and Marlborough International, Vaduz, charging them with wrongfully exploiting Bacon in a relationship that was <i>manifestly disadvantageous</i> to him until his death in 1992, and to his estate.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suit alleged Marlborough in London grossly underpaid Bacon for his works and resold them through its Liechtenstein branch at much higher prices, contending that Marlborough never supplied a complete accounting of Bacon's works, and failed to account for up to 33 of his paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The litigation was settled out of court in early 2002, following Edwards' diagnosis of lung cancer, with both sides paying their own costs.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the legal process, an undisclosed number of Bacon's paintings were recovered from Marlborough, and "vast quantities of correspondence and documents relating to Bacon's life were handed over by the gallery".<sup id="cite_ref-Independent_'Battle_Called_Off'_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent_'Battle_Called_Off'-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, the estate was handed to a four-person trust based in <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studio_relocation">Studio relocation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Studio relocation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ricostruzione_delle_studio_di_francis_bacon_di_7_reece_mews,_londra,_usato_dal_1961_al_1992,_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ricostruzione_delle_studio_di_francis_bacon_di_7_reece_mews%2C_londra%2C_usato_dal_1961_al_1992%2C_01.jpg/220px-Ricostruzione_delle_studio_di_francis_bacon_di_7_reece_mews%2C_londra%2C_usato_dal_1961_al_1992%2C_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ricostruzione_delle_studio_di_francis_bacon_di_7_reece_mews%2C_londra%2C_usato_dal_1961_al_1992%2C_01.jpg/330px-Ricostruzione_delle_studio_di_francis_bacon_di_7_reece_mews%2C_londra%2C_usato_dal_1961_al_1992%2C_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ricostruzione_delle_studio_di_francis_bacon_di_7_reece_mews%2C_londra%2C_usato_dal_1961_al_1992%2C_01.jpg/440px-Ricostruzione_delle_studio_di_francis_bacon_di_7_reece_mews%2C_londra%2C_usato_dal_1961_al_1992%2C_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3522" data-file-height="4781" /></a><figcaption>The site of Bacon's relocated studio, Dublin</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1998, Bacon's sole heir John Edwards and the artist <a href="/wiki/Brian_Clarke" title="Brian Clarke">Brian Clarke</a>, sole executor of Bacon's estate, donated the contents of Bacon's studio to the <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lane_Gallery" title="Hugh Lane Gallery">Hugh Lane Gallery</a> in Dublin.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hugh_Lane_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hugh_Lane-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The studio at 7 Reece Mews had remained largely untouched since Bacon's death in 1992. A team of archaeologists, art historians, conservators and curators oversaw the relocation to Dublin.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The locations of over 7,000 items were mapped, survey and elevation drawings made, the items packed and catalogued, and the studio was rebuilt, including the original doors, floor, walls and ceiling.<sup id="cite_ref-Hugh_Lane_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hugh_Lane-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001 the relocated studio was opened to the public, with a fully comprehensive database.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every item in the studio has a database entry. Each entry consists of an image and a factual account of an object. The database has entries on approximately 570 books and catalogues, 1,500 photographs, 100 slashed canvases, 1,300 leaves torn from books, 2,000 artist's materials and 70 drawings. Other categories include Bacon's correspondence, magazines, newspapers and vinyl records.<sup id="cite_ref-Hugh_Lane_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hugh_Lane-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catalogue_raisonné"><span id="Catalogue_raisonn.C3.A9"></span><i>Catalogue raisonné</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Catalogue raisonné"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A first, incomplete <i><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_raisonn%C3%A9" title="Catalogue raisonné">catalogue raisonné</a></i> was compiled by curator Ronald Alley in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-aa_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aa-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, a five-volume <i>Francis Bacon: Catalogue Raisonné</i>, documenting 584 paintings by Bacon, was compiled and published by the <a href="/wiki/Martin_Harrison_(art_historian)" title="Martin Harrison (art historian)">Martin Harrison</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-aa_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aa-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_paintings_by_Francis_Bacon" title="List of paintings by Francis Bacon">List of paintings by Francis Bacon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-faerna-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-faerna_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faerna_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFaerna1995" class="citation book cs1">Faerna, Jóse María (1995). <i>Bacon</i>. Abrams.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bacon&rft.pub=Abrams&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Faerna&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B3se+Mar%C3%ADa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorwich1985–1993" class="citation book cs1">Norwich, John Julius (1985–1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11814265"><i>Oxford illustrated encyclopedia</i></a>. Judge, Harry George., Toyne, Anthony. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-869129-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-869129-7"><bdi>0-19-869129-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11814265">11814265</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+illustrated+encyclopedia&rft.place=Oxford+%5BEngland%5D&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1985%2F1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11814265&rft.isbn=0-19-869129-7&rft.aulast=Norwich&rft.aufirst=John+Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F11814265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MH-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MH_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrison, Martin. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christies.com/sales/francis-bacon-the-complete-prints-october-2013/william-blake.aspx">Out of the Black Cavern</a>". <a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a>. Retrieved 4 November 2018 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191111155818/https://www.christies.com/sales/francis-bacon-the-complete-prints-october-2013/william-blake.aspx">Archived</a> on 11 November 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmied_1996,_121-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmied_1996,_121_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmied_1996,_121_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schmied (1996), 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some had appeared in black-and-white photographs in the late 1950s Catalogue Raisonné.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTate" class="citation web cs1">Tate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/francis-bacon-682">"Francis Bacon (1909–1992) – Tate"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216175014/http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/francis-bacon-682">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Francis+Bacon+%281909%E2%80%931992%29+%E2%80%93+Tate&rft.au=Tate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fart%2Fartists%2Ffrancis-bacon-682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080131084758/http://www.francis-bacon.com/world/?c=Family">"The Estate of Francis Bacon | Bacon's World"</a>. 31 January 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francis-bacon.com/world/?c=Family">the original</a> on 31 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Estate+of+Francis+Bacon+%7C+Bacon%27s+World&rft.date=2008-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francis-bacon.com%2Fworld%2F%3Fc%3DFamily&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pepp4-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pepp4_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peppiatt (1996), 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1911_Census-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1911_Census_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1911_Census_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1911/Kildare/Gilltown/Kennycourt/543341/">"Bacon family's 1911 census form details"</a>. Census.nationalarchives.ie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721125504/http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1911/Kildare/Gilltown/Kennycourt/543341/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bacon+family%27s+1911+census+form+details&rft.pub=Census.nationalarchives.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.nationalarchives.ie%2Fpages%2F1911%2FKildare%2FGilltown%2FKennycourt%2F543341%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Higgins, Charlotte (22 November 2009). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/nov/22/francis-bacon-legacy-revisited">Sado-masochism and stolen shoe polish: Bacon's legacy revisited</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. Retrieved 25 June 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stevens-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stevens_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevens_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevens_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_StevensAnnalyn_SwanRobert_Storr" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Stevens_(art_critic)" title="Mark Stevens (art critic)">Mark Stevens</a>; <a href="/wiki/Annalyn_Swan" title="Annalyn Swan">Annalyn Swan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Storr_(art_academic)" title="Robert Storr (art academic)">Robert Storr</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heni.com/talks/francis-bacon-revelations">"Francis Bacon: Revelations"</a>. <i>HENI Talks</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HENI+Talks&rft.atitle=Francis+Bacon%3A+Revelations&rft.au=Mark+Stevens&rft.au=Annalyn+Swan&rft.au=Robert+Storr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheni.com%2Ftalks%2Ffrancis-bacon-revelations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"I was told by a homosexual friend of Francis' that he'd once admitted that his father, the dreaded and failed horse trainer, had arranged that his small son spend his childhood being systematically and viciously horsewhipped by his Irish grooms.", <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Blackwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Caroline Blackwood">Caroline Blackwood</a>, "Francis Bacon (1909–1992)", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i>, Volume 39, No. 15, 24 September 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCappock2010" class="citation journal cs1">Cappock, Margarita (September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/bacon-francis-a0297">"Bacon, Francis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Irish_Biography" title="Dictionary of Irish Biography">Dictionary of Irish Biography</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3318%2Fdib.000297.v2">10.3318/dib.000297.v2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240602181603/https://www.dib.ie/biography/bacon-francis-a0297">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Irish+Biography&rft.atitle=Bacon%2C+Francis&rft.date=2010-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3318%2Fdib.000297.v2&rft.aulast=Cappock&rft.aufirst=Margarita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dib.ie%2Fbiography%2Fbacon-francis-a0297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeppiatt2015" class="citation book cs1">Peppiatt, Michael (2015). "Conversations at Night". <i>Francis Bacon in Your Blood: A Memoir</i>. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4088-5624-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4088-5624-6"><bdi>978-1-4088-5624-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Conversations+at+Night&rft.btitle=Francis+Bacon+in+Your+Blood%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4088-5624-6&rft.aulast=Peppiatt&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1491140/A-taste-of-life-in-Britain-in-1925.html">"A taste of life in Britain in 1925"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. June 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322164951/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1491140/A-taste-of-life-in-Britain-in-1925.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=A+taste+of+life+in+Britain+in+1925&rft.date=2005-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1491140%2FA-taste-of-life-in-Britain-in-1925.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoor2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Noor, Tausif (9 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/culture/francis-bacon-revelations-review/">"Behind the Hedonist Persona of Francis Bacon. Annalyn Swan and Mark Stevens's comprehensive study of the British artist is a sensitive investigation into his artistic identity"</a>. <i>The Nation</i> (book review).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Hedonist+Persona+of+Francis+Bacon.+Annalyn+Swan+and+Mark+Stevens%E2%80%99s+comprehensive+study+of+the+British+artist+is+a+sensitive+investigation+into+his+artistic+identity&rft.date=2021-06-09&rft.aulast=Noor&rft.aufirst=Tausif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Fculture%2Ffrancis-bacon-revelations-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell1997" class="citation news cs1">Russell, John (27 July 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/27/books/a-magnificent-mischief-maker.html">"A Magnificent Mischief-Maker"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Magnificent+Mischief-Maker&rft.date=1997-07-27&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F07%2F27%2Fbooks%2Fa-magnificent-mischief-maker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peppiatt (1996), 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140721012509/https://www.hughlane.ie/whatson-collections/300-francis-bacon-art-books">"Francis Bacon: Art Books, Dublin City Gallery"</a>. 21 July 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hughlane.ie/whatson-collections/300-francis-bacon-art-books">the original</a> on 21 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Francis+Bacon%3A+Art+Books%2C+Dublin+City+Gallery&rft.date=2014-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hughlane.ie%2Fwhatson-collections%2F300-francis-bacon-art-books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francis-bacon.com/life/family-friends-sitters/roy-de-maistre">Roy De Maistre 1894 - 1968</a>". Estate of Francis Bacon. Retrieved 30 January 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peppiatt, Michael. <i>Francis Bacon: Anatomy of an Enigma</i>. New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrünwaldGrayson1902" class="citation web cs1">Grünwald, Ludwig; Grayson, Charles Prevost (8 November 1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/atlasabstractofd00gr">"Atlas and abstract of the diseases of the larynx"</a>. Philadelphia : W.B Saunders – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atlas+and+abstract+of+the+diseases+of+the+larynx&rft.pub=Philadelphia+%3A+W.B+Saunders&rft.date=1902-11-08&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%BCnwald&rft.aufirst=Ludwig&rft.au=Grayson%2C+Charles+Prevost&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatlasabstractofd00gr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/francis-bacon-1909-1992-landscape-with-car-4931766-details.aspx">Landscape with Car</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203231312/http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/francis-bacon-1909-1992-landscape-with-car-4931766-details.aspx">Archived</a> 3 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Christies, 2007. Retrieved June 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaden-Guest1998" class="citation book cs1">Haden-Guest, A. (1998). <i>True Colors: The Real Life of the Art World</i>. United Kingdom: Atlantic Monthly Press. p. 278. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871137258" title="Special:BookSources/9780871137258"><bdi>9780871137258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=True+Colors%3A+The+Real+Life+of+the+Art+World&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=278&rft.pub=Atlantic+Monthly+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780871137258&rft.aulast=Haden-Guest&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melvyn-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Melvyn_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Bragg" title="Melvyn Bragg">Bragg, Melvyn</a>. "Francis Bacon". <i>South Bank Show</i>. BBC documentary film, first aired 9 June 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russell_1971,_22-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Russell_1971,_22_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell (1971), 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWrathall2016" class="citation news cs1">Wrathall, Claire (6 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/francis-bacons-monaco-magic-is-highlighted-in-a-new-exhibition/">"Francis Bacon's Monaco magic is highlighted in a new exhibition"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161023052014/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/francis-bacons-monaco-magic-is-highlighted-in-a-new-exhibition/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Francis+Bacon%27s+Monaco+magic+is+highlighted+in+a+new+exhibition&rft.date=2016-07-06&rft.aulast=Wrathall&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fluxury%2Ftravel%2Ffrancis-bacons-monaco-magic-is-highlighted-in-a-new-exhibition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter by Bacon to G. Sutherland, 30 December 1946, Monte Carlo, National Galleries and Museums of Wales.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobi2021" class="citation book cs1">Jacobi, Carol (2021). <i>Out of the Cage: The Art of Isabel Rawsthorne</i>. Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0500971055" title="Special:BookSources/978-0500971055"><bdi>978-0500971055</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Out+of+the+Cage%3A+The+Art+of+Isabel+Rawsthorne&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0500971055&rft.aulast=Jacobi&rft.aufirst=Carol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobi2009" class="citation journal cs1">Jacobi, Carol (2009). "Cat's Cradle – Francis Bacon and the Art of 'Isabel Rawsthorne'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Visual Culture in Britain</i>. <b>10</b> (3): 293–314. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14714780903265945">10.1080/14714780903265945</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191479882">191479882</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Visual+Culture+in+Britain&rft.atitle=Cat%27s+Cradle+%E2%80%93+Francis+Bacon+and+the+Art+of+%27Isabel+Rawsthorne%27&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=293-314&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14714780903265945&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191479882%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Jacobi&rft.aufirst=Carol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lmgallery.com/artists/francis-bacon/">Francis Bacon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130127214847/http://www.lmgallery.com/artists/francis-bacon/">Archived</a> 27 January 2013 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> L&M Arts, New York / Los Angeles.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peppiatt, 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw57211/Muriel-Belcher-Francis-Bacon">Muriel Belcher; Francis Bacon</a>". <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a>. Retrieved 26 June 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2020/sep/13/from-francis-bacon-to-tracey-emin-soho-historic-colony-room-club-in-pictures">From Francis Bacon to Tracey Emin: Soho's historic Colony Room Club – in pictures</a>". <i>The Guardian</i>, 13 September 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christies.com/features/gallery-talk-francis-bacon-portrait-of-henrietta-m-2141-3.aspx">Gallery Talk: Francis Bacon, Portrait of Henrietta Moraes</a>". <a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a>. Retrieved 30 January 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coffield, Darren; Koons, Emin (9 May 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artlyst.com/news/drink-pay-f-off-tales-colony-londons-lost-bohemia/">"Drink-Up Pay-Up F-Off: Tales from the Colony – London's Lost Bohemia"</a>. <i>Artlyst</i>. Retrieved 30 January 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peppiatt (1996), p. 87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlberge2021" class="citation news cs1">Alberge, Dalya (8 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/jan/08/francis-bacon-adored-each-other-book-casts-new-light-peter-lacy">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'They adored each other': book casts new light on Francis Bacon's lover"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27They+adored+each+other%27%3A+book+casts+new+light+on+Francis+Bacon%27s+lover&rft.date=2021-01-08&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Alberge&rft.aufirst=Dalya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2021%2Fjan%2F08%2Ffrancis-bacon-adored-each-other-book-casts-new-light-peter-lacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acocella-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acocella_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acocella_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcocella2021" class="citation news cs1">Acocella, Joan (17 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/05/24/francis-bacons-frightening-beauty">"Francis Bacon's Frightening Beauty"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Francis+Bacon%E2%80%99s+Frightening+Beauty&rft.date=2021-05-17&rft.issn=0028-792X&rft.aulast=Acocella&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2021%2F05%2F24%2Ffrancis-bacons-frightening-beauty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2024" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Jonathan (8 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/oct/09/francis-bacon-human-presence-review-national-portrait-gallery-london">"Francis Bacon: Human Presence review – 'This whirligig of horrors is the best Bacon show I've ever seen'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Francis+Bacon%3A+Human+Presence+review+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%98This+whirligig+of+horrors+is+the+best+Bacon+show+I%E2%80%99ve+ever+seen%E2%80%99&rft.date=2024-10-08&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2024%2Foct%2F09%2Ffrancis-bacon-human-presence-review-national-portrait-gallery-london&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barnebys.com/blog/obsessive-love-francis-bacon-and-peter-lacy">"Obsessive Love: Francis Bacon and Peter Lacy | Barnebys Magazine"</a>. <i>Barnebys.com</i>. 3 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barnebys.com&rft.atitle=Obsessive+Love%3A+Francis+Bacon+and+Peter+Lacy+%7C+Barnebys+Magazine&rft.date=2020-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barnebys.com%2Fblog%2Fobsessive-love-francis-bacon-and-peter-lacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shnayerson,_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Shnayerson, Michael">Shnayerson, Michael</a> (August 2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2000/08/francis-bacon-200008">"Francis Bacon's Tangled Web"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513012042/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2000/08/francis-bacon-200008">Archived</a> 13 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sothebys.com/en/news-video/auction-essays/contemporary-art-evening-auction-essays/2014/06/george-dyer-francis-bacon.html">"Consumed by his own Effigy: George Dyer's Relationship with Francis Bacon on Sotheby's Blog"</a>. Sotheby's. 9 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301212517/http://www.sothebys.com/en/news-video/auction-essays/contemporary-art-evening-auction-essays/2014/06/george-dyer-francis-bacon.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumed+by+his+own+Effigy%3A+George+Dyer%27s+Relationship+with+Francis+Bacon+on+Sotheby%27s+Blog&rft.pub=Sotheby%27s&rft.date=2014-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sothebys.com%2Fen%2Fnews-video%2Fauction-essays%2Fcontemporary-art-evening-auction-essays%2F2014%2F06%2Fgeorge-dyer-francis-bacon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Akbar, Arifa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20070425/ai_n19033680">"Inside the Mind of Francis Bacon"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2012">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. <i>The Independent</i> (London), 25 April 2007. Retrieved 29 July 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heaney, Joe. "Love is the Devil". <i><a href="/wiki/Gay_Times" title="Gay Times">Gay Times</a></i>, September 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mlp211-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mlp211_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mlp211_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mlp211_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peppiatt (1996), 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrison-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harrison_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrison, Martin. "Francis Bacon: lost and found". <i>Apollo Magazine</i>, 1 March 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peppiatt (1996), 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peppiatt (1996), 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peppiatt (1996), 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norton, James (13 March 2005). "The six loves of Francis Bacon". <i>Sunday Herald</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bacon.nl/site_engels/popups/personen_dyer.html">"George Dyer"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205044119/http://www.bacon.nl/site_engels/popups/personen_dyer.html">Archived</a> 5 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Gemeentemuseum_Den_Haag" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeentemuseum Den Haag">Gemeentemuseum Den Haag</a>, 2001. Retrieved 29 July 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b08cwq3v/francis-bacon-a-brush-with-violence">"Francis Bacon: A Brush with Violence"</a>. bbc.co.uk. 28 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170129193909/http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b08cwq3v/francis-bacon-a-brush-with-violence">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Francis+Bacon%3A+A+Brush+with+Violence&rft.pub=bbc.co.uk&rft.date=2017-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fiplayer%2Fepisode%2Fb08cwq3v%2Ffrancis-bacon-a-brush-with-violence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell (1970), 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell (1971), 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell (1970), 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell (1971), p. 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p243-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p243_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peppiatt (1996), 243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeppiattPriseman2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Peppiatt" title="Michael Peppiatt">Peppiatt, Michael</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Priseman" title="Robert Priseman">Priseman, Robert</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robert-priseman.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/The-Francis-Bacon-Interiors.pdf"><i>The Francis Bacon Interiors: Michael Peppiatt in Conversation with Robert Priseman</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Seabrook Press. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9562082-2-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9562082-2-4"><bdi>978-0-9562082-2-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Francis+Bacon+Interiors%3A+Michael+Peppiatt+in+Conversation+with+Robert+Priseman&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Seabrook+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-9562082-2-4&rft.aulast=Peppiatt&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Priseman%2C+Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robert-priseman.com%2Fwordpress%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F07%2FThe-Francis-Bacon-Interiors.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelarge" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Delarge, Jean-Pierre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ledelarge.fr/14212_artiste_BACON_Francis">"Bacon, Francis"</a> [The Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Plastic Arts]. <i>Dictionnaire des arts plastiques modernes et contemporains</i> (in French). Delarge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126083424/https://www.ledelarge.fr/14212_artiste_BACON_Francis">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionnaire+des+arts+plastiques+modernes+et+contemporains&rft.atitle=Bacon%2C+Francis&rft.aulast=Delarge&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ledelarge.fr%2F14212_artiste_BACON_Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ficacci, 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hughlane.ie/history-of-studio-relocation">"Dublin City Gallery The Hugh Lane, Francis Bacon Studio, <i>History of Studio Relocation</i>"</a>. Hughlane.ie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100805212841/http://www.artnews.com/issues/article.asp?art_id=2948">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dublin+City+Gallery+The+Hugh+Lane%2C+Francis+Bacon+Studio%2C+History+of+Studio+Relocation&rft.pub=Hughlane.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hughlane.ie%2Fhistory-of-studio-relocation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For his relation to Deleuze, the body and religion, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanzaro2009" class="citation journal cs1">Sanzaro, Francis (2009). "A Review of <i>Francis Bacon: A Centenary Retrospective</i> at the Metropolitan Museum of Art". <i>Comparative and Continental Philosophy</i>. <b>1</b> (2): 279–285. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1558%2Fccp.v1i2.279">10.1558/ccp.v1i2.279</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170280225">170280225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+and+Continental+Philosophy&rft.atitle=A+Review+of+Francis+Bacon%3A+A+Centenary+Retrospective+at+the+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=279-285&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1558%2Fccp.v1i2.279&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170280225%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sanzaro&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell, 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sch78-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sch78_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sch78_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schmied, 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sy13-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sy13_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sy13_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sylvester, 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davies_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies & Yard, 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bürger, Peter. In Zweite (2006), 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rump,_146-168-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rump,_146-168_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rump,_146-168_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rump, 146–168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bir.org.uk/useful-information/history-of-radiology/1960s/1960s-radiology-and-radiography.aspx">"Radiology and radiography in the 1960s - British Institute of Radiology"</a>. <i>www.bir.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bir.org.uk&rft.atitle=Radiology+and+radiography+in+the+1960s+-+British+Institute+of+Radiology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bir.org.uk%2Fuseful-information%2Fhistory-of-radiology%2F1960s%2F1960s-radiology-and-radiography.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schmied, 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Throughout his career, Bacon destroyed a great many of his paintings.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peppiatt, 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theartnewspaper-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theartnewspaper_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theartnewspaper_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Thornton,_Sarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Thornton, Sarah">Thornton, Sarah</a> (29 August 2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theartnewspaper.com/article.asp?id=16013">"Francis Bacon claims his place at the top of the market"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_Newspaper" title="The Art Newspaper">The Art Newspaper</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305135500/http://www.theartnewspaper.com/article.asp?id=16013">Archived</a> 5 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gleadell, Colin. (30 January 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3662858/Art-sales-Sophia-Lorens-slice-of-Bacon.html">"Art sales: Sophia Loren's slice of Bacon"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122131816/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3662858/Art-sales-Sophia-Lorens-slice-of-Bacon.html">Archived</a> 22 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[s.n.] (9 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6344157.stm">Bacon portrait breaks sale record</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104175120/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6344157.stm">Archived</a> 4 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. BBC. Retrieved September 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christies.com/features/Leonardo-and-Post-War-results-New-York-8729-3.aspx">"Leonardo's Salvator Mundi makes auction history"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106092943/https://www.christies.com/features/Leonardo-and-Post-War-results-New-York-8729-3.aspx">Archived</a> 6 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Christie's, 15 November 2017. Retrieved November 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoggan2001" class="citation news cs1">Boggan, Steve (31 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francis-bacon.com/publication/bacon-blackmailed-art-gallery-owner-court-told-dispute-over-ps100m-fees">"Bacon 'blackmailed' by art gallery owner, court told in dispute over £100m fees"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. Independent UK; The Estate of Francis Bacon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021233857/http://www.francis-bacon.com/publication/bacon-blackmailed-art-gallery-owner-court-told-dispute-over-ps100m-fees">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Bacon+%27blackmailed%27+by+art+gallery+owner%2C+court+told+in+dispute+over+%C2%A3100m+fees&rft.date=2001-10-31&rft.aulast=Boggan&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francis-bacon.com%2Fpublication%2Fbacon-blackmailed-art-gallery-owner-court-told-dispute-over-ps100m-fees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoggan2001" class="citation news cs1">Boggan, Steve (28 November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/i-wooed-bacon-with-claridges-champagne-but-london-gallery-cheated-me-says-dealer-9164449.html">"I wooed Bacon with Claridge's champagne but London gallery cheated me, says dealer"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. Independent UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022122719/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/i-wooed-bacon-with-claridges-champagne-but-london-gallery-cheated-me-says-dealer-9164449.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=I+wooed+Bacon+with+Claridge%27s+champagne+but+London+gallery+cheated+me%2C+says+dealer&rft.date=2001-11-28&rft.aulast=Boggan&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Fi-wooed-bacon-with-claridges-champagne-but-london-gallery-cheated-me-says-dealer-9164449.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Judith_H._Dobrzynski" title="Judith H. Dobrzynski">Judith H. Dobrzynski</a> (20 April 2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/20/arts/dadaist-s-heirs-also-fight-marlborough-over-estate.html">Dadaist's Heirs Also Fight Marlborough Over Estate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161104000511/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/20/arts/dadaist-s-heirs-also-fight-marlborough-over-estate.html">Archived</a> 4 November 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The New York Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan Riding (7 March 2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/07/arts/john-edwards-53-francis-bacon-confidant.html">John Edwards, 53, Francis Bacon Confidant</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170516054356/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/07/arts/john-edwards-53-francis-bacon-confidant.html">Archived</a> 16 May 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Independent_'Battle_Called_Off'-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Independent_'Battle_Called_Off'_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoggan2002" class="citation news cs1">Boggan, Steve (2 February 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/battle-called-off-between-bacon-estate-and-gallery-9139988.html">"Battle called off between Bacon estate and gallery"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. Independent UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022122116/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/battle-called-off-between-bacon-estate-and-gallery-9139988.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Battle+called+off+between+Bacon+estate+and+gallery&rft.date=2002-02-02&rft.aulast=Boggan&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fcrime%2Fbattle-called-off-between-bacon-estate-and-gallery-9139988.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel, Henry (21 April 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/7615712/Francis-Bacon-heirs-battle-Van-Gogh-foundation.html">"Francis Bacon heirs battle Van Gogh foundation"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043151/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/7615712/Francis-Bacon-heirs-battle-Van-Gogh-foundation.html">Archived</a> 6 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke" class="citation web cs1">Clarke, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francis-bacon.com/content/detritus">"Detritus"</a>. <i>Francis Bacon</i>. The Estate of Francis Bacon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191114233817/http://francis-bacon.com/content/detritus">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Francis+Bacon&rft.atitle=Detritus&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francis-bacon.com%2Fcontent%2Fdetritus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hugh_Lane-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hugh_Lane_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hugh_Lane_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hugh_Lane_86-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hughlane.ie/history-of-studio-relocation">"Francis Bacon Studio: History of Studio Relocation"</a>. <i>The Hugh Lane</i>. Dublin City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191201065627/http://www.hughlane.ie/history-of-studio-relocation">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hugh+Lane&rft.atitle=Francis+Bacon+Studio%3A+History+of+Studio+Relocation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hughlane.ie%2Fhistory-of-studio-relocation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francis-bacon.com/removal-7-reece-mews">"Removal of 7 Reece Mews"</a>. <i>Francis Bacon</i>. The Estate of Francis Bacon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191121134016/http://www.francis-bacon.com/removal-7-reece-mews">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Francis+Bacon&rft.atitle=Removal+of+7+Reece+Mews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francis-bacon.com%2Fremoval-7-reece-mews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artiststudiomuseum.org/studio-museums/francis-bacon-studio/">"Francis Bacon Studio"</a>. <i>Artist's Studio Museum Network</i>. Watts Gallery. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190812094325/http://www.artiststudiomuseum.org/studio-museums/francis-bacon-studio/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Artist%27s+Studio+Museum+Network&rft.atitle=Francis+Bacon+Studio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artiststudiomuseum.org%2Fstudio-museums%2Ffrancis-bacon-studio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Bacon+%28artist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aa-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aa_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aa_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adams, Alexander (21 July 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theartnewspaper.com/comment/reviews/books/all-together-now-on-the-francis-bacon-catalogue-raisonn/">"All together now: on the Francis Bacon catalogue raisonné"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_Newspaper" title="The Art Newspaper">The Art Newspaper</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160729211500/http://theartnewspaper.com/comment/reviews/books/all-together-now-on-the-francis-bacon-catalogue-raisonn/">Archived</a> 29 July 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_and_further_reading">Sources and further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sources and further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Archimbaud, Michel. <i>Francis Bacon: The Final Vision</i>. New York: Phaidon Press, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7148-2983-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7148-2983-8">0-7148-2983-8</a></li> <li>Bacon, Francis. <i>Francis Bacon: Important Paintings from the Estate</i>. New York: Tony Shafrazi gallery, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-891475-16-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-891475-16-9">1-891475-16-9</a></li> <li>Baldassari, Anne. <i>Bacon-Picasso: The Life of Images</i>. London: Flammarion, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-08-030486-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-08-030486-0">2-08-030486-0</a></li> <li>Brighton, Andrew. <i>Francis Bacon</i>. London: Tate Publishing, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85437-307-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85437-307-2">1-85437-307-2</a></li> <li>Cappock, Margarita. <i>Francis Bacon's Studio</i>. London: Merrell Publishers, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85894-276-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85894-276-4">1-85894-276-4</a></li> <li>Deleuze, Gilles. <i><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon:_The_Logic_of_Sensation" title="Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation">Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation</a></i>. Paris: Continuum International Publishing- Mansell, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-7318-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-7318-0">0-8264-7318-0</a></li> <li>Domino, Christophe. <i>Francis Bacon</i>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-30076-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-30076-3">0-500-30076-3</a></li> <li>Edwards, John. <i>7 Reece Mews: Francis Bacon's Studio</i>. London: Thames & Hudson, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-51034-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-51034-2">0-500-51034-2</a></li> <li>Farson, Daniel. <i>The Gilded Gutter Life of Francis Bacon</i>. London: Vintage, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-930781-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-930781-2">0-09-930781-2</a></li> <li>Gale, Matthew & Sylvester David. <i>Francis Bacon: Working on Paper</i> London: Tate Publishing, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85437-280-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85437-280-7">1-85437-280-7</a></li> <li>Hammer, Martin. <i>Bacon and Sutherland</i>. Boston: Yale University Press, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10796-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10796-X">0-300-10796-X</a></li> <li>Hammer, Martin. <i>Francis Bacon: Portraits and Heads</i>. Edinburgh: National Galleries of Scotland, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-903278-66-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-903278-66-X">1-903278-66-X</a></li> <li>Harrison, Martin. <i>In Camera, Francis Bacon: Photography, Film and the Practice of Painting</i>. Thames & Hudson, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-23820-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-23820-0">0-500-23820-0</a></li> <li>Harrison, Martin; Daniels, Rebecca. <i>Francis Bacon Incunabula</i>. London: Thames & Hudson, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-09344-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-09344-3">978-0-500-09344-3</a></li> <li>Kundera, Milan & Borel, France. <i>Bacon: Portraits and Self-portraits</i>. London: Thames & Hudson, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-09266-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-09266-4">0-500-09266-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppiatt,_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Peppiatt, Michael">Peppiatt, Michael</a>. <i>Francis Bacon: Anatomy of an Enigma</i>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-81616-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-81616-0">0-297-81616-0</a></li> <li>Peppiatt, Michael. <i>Francis Bacon in the 1950s</i>. London: Yale University Press, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-12192-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-12192-X">0-300-12192-X</a></li> <li>Rothenstein, John (intro); Alley, Ronald. <i>Catalogue raisonnè and documentation</i>, 1964. <i>Francis Bacon</i>. Thames and Hudson</li> <li>Rump, Gerhard Charles. Francis Bacons Menschenbild. In: Gerhard Charles Rump: Kunstpsychologie, Kunst und Psycoanalyse, Kunstwissenschaft. (1981), pp. 146–168 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-487-07126-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-487-07126-6">3-487-07126-6</a></li> <li>Russell, John. <i>Francis Bacon</i>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-20271-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-20271-0">0-500-20271-0</a></li> <li>Sabatier, Bruno. "The Complete Graphic Work, Catalogue Raisonné", Paris, JSC Gallery, 2012.</li> <li>Schmied, Wieland. <i>Francis Bacon: Commitment and Conflict</i>. London: Prestel Verlag, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7913-3472-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-7913-3472-7">3-7913-3472-7</a></li> <li>Sinclair, Andrew Francis. <i>Bacon: His Life and Violent Times</i>. London, <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Stevenson" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinclair Stevenson">Sinclair Stevenson</a>, 1993; New York, Crown</li> <li>Steffen, Barbara; Bryson, Norman. <i>Francis Bacon and the Tradition of Art</i>. Zurich: Skira Editore, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-8491-721-2" title="Special:BookSources/88-8491-721-2">88-8491-721-2</a></li> <li>Stevens, Mark; Swan, Annalyn. <i>Francis Bacon: Revelations</i>. Knopf, 2021. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307271624" title="Special:BookSources/9780307271624">9780307271624</a></li> <li>Sylvester, David. <i>Interviews with Francis Bacon</i>. London: Thames & Hudson, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-27475-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-27475-4">0-500-27475-4</a></li> <li>Sylvester, David. <i>Looking Back at Francis Bacon</i>. London: Thames & Hudson, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-01994-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-01994-0">0-500-01994-0</a></li> <li>Sylvester, David. <i>Francis Bacon: The Human Body</i>. London: Hayward Gallery, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85332-175-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85332-175-3">1-85332-175-3</a></li> <li>Sylvester, David. <i>About Modern Art: Critical Essays 1948–2000</i>. London: Pimlico, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-0563-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7126-0563-0">0-7126-0563-0</a></li> <li>Todoli, Vincente. <i>Francis Bacon: Caged. Uncaged.</i> Lisbon: Fundacao De Serralves, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/972-739-109-5" title="Special:BookSources/972-739-109-5">972-739-109-5</a></li> <li>Van Alphen, Ernst. <i>Francis Bacon and the Loss of Self</i>. London: Reaktion Books, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948462-34-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-948462-34-5">0-948462-34-5</a></li> <li>Zweite, Armin. <i>Francis Bacon: The Violence of the Real</i>. London: Thames and Hudson, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-09335-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-09335-0">0-500-09335-0</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Guggenheim Collection">Guggenheim Collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/272">Francis Bacon</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gallery.ca/library/ngc035.html">Francis Bacon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210609014119/https://www.gallery.ca/library/ngc035.html">Archived</a> 9 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Canada" title="National Gallery of Canada">National Gallery of Canada</a>, Ottawa, Ontario</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110705082429/http://channel.tate.org.uk/media/26515710001">Damien Hirst on Francis Bacon</a>, Tate</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgrO5za0lSY"><span class="plainlinks"><i>Francis Bacon: A Brush with Violence</i> (2017) BBC</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Francis_Bacon_(artist)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Francis_Bacon_(artist)" title="Template:Francis Bacon (artist)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Francis_Bacon_(artist)" title="Template talk:Francis Bacon (artist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Francis_Bacon_(artist)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Francis Bacon (artist)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Francis_Bacon_(artist)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis Bacon (artist)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_paintings_by_Francis_Bacon" title="List of paintings by Francis Bacon">List of paintings</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Crucifixions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_(1933)" title="Crucifixion (1933)">Crucifixion</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wound_for_a_Crucifixion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wound for a Crucifixion (page does not exist)">Wound for a Crucifixion</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fragment_of_a_Crucifixion" title="Fragment of a Crucifixion">Fragment of a Crucifixion</a></i> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Figure_in_a_Landscape" title="Figure in a Landscape">Figure in a Landscape</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Painting_1946" title="Painting 1946">Painting 1946</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Study_for_Crouching_Nude" title="Study for Crouching Nude">Study for Crouching Nude</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Figures_(1953)" title="Two Figures (1953)">Two Figures</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Studies_from_the_Human_Head&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three Studies from the Human Head (page does not exist)">Three Studies from the Human Head</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Study_for_Portrait_II_(After_the_Life_Mask_of_William_Blake)" title="Study for Portrait II (After the Life Mask of William Blake)">Study for Portrait II (After the Life Mask of William Blake)</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Version_No._2_of_Lying_Figure_with_Hypodermic_Syringe" title="Version No. 2 of Lying Figure with Hypodermic Syringe">Version No. 2 of Lying Figure with Hypodermic Syringe</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Study_for_a_Bullfight,_Number_2" title="Study for a Bullfight, Number 2">Study for a Bullfight, Number 2</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Studies_of_the_Male_Back" title="Three Studies of the Male Back">Three Studies of the Male Back</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blood_on_the_Floor_(painting)" title="Blood on the Floor (painting)">Blood on the Floor</a></i> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Head series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Head_I" title="Head I">Head I</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Head_II" title="Head II">Head II</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Head_III" title="Head III">Head III</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Head_IV" title="Head IV">Head IV</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Head_V" title="Head V">Head V</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Head_VI" title="Head VI">Head VI</a></i> (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Popes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Study_after_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Study after Velázquez">Study after Velázquez</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Study_after_Vel%C3%A1zquez%27s_Portrait_of_Pope_Innocent_X" title="Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X">Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Figure_with_Meat" title="Figure with Meat">Figure with Meat</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Untitled_(Pope)" title="Untitled (Pope)">Untitled (Pope)</a></i> (c. 1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Study_from_Innocent_X" title="Study from Innocent X">Study from Innocent X</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Study_of_Red_Pope_1962._2nd_version_1971" title="Study of Red Pope 1962. 2nd version 1971">Study of Red Pope 1962. 2nd version 1971</a></i> (1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Triptychs_by_Francis_Bacon" title="Triptychs by Francis Bacon">Triptychs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Studies_for_Figures_at_the_Base_of_a_Crucifixion" title="Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion">Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Studies_for_a_Crucifixion" title="Three Studies for a Crucifixion">Three Studies for a Crucifixion</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Figures_in_a_Room" title="Three Figures in a Room">Three Figures in a Room</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_(Francis_Bacon,_1965)" title="Crucifixion (Francis Bacon, 1965)">Crucifixion</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triptych_Inspired_by_T.S._Eliot%27s_Poem_%22Sweeney_Agonistes%22" title="Triptych Inspired by T.S. Eliot's Poem "Sweeney Agonistes"">Triptych Inspired by T.S. Eliot's Poem "Sweeney Agonistes"</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Figures_Lying_on_a_Bed_with_Attendants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Two Figures Lying on a Bed with Attendants (page does not exist)">Two Figures Lying on a Bed with Attendants</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triptych,_1976" title="Triptych, 1976">Triptych, 1976</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triptych_Inspired_by_the_Oresteia_of_Aeschylus" title="Triptych Inspired by the Oresteia of Aeschylus">Triptych Inspired by the Oresteia of Aeschylus</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Second_Version_of_Triptych_1944" title="Second Version of Triptych 1944">Second Version of Triptych 1944</a></i> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Triptychs" title="The Black Triptychs"><i>Black Triptychs</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Triptych%E2%80%93August_1972" title="Triptych–August 1972">Triptych–August 1972</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triptych,_May%E2%80%93June_1973" title="Triptych, May–June 1973">Triptych, May–June 1973</a></i> (1973)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Male portraits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Studies_for_a_Portrait_of_George_Dyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three Studies for a Portrait of George Dyer (page does not exist)">Three Studies for a Portrait of George Dyer</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_George_Dyer_Talking" title="Portrait of George Dyer Talking">Portrait of George Dyer Talking</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Studies_for_George_Dyer" title="Three Studies for George Dyer">Three Studies for George Dyer</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_George_Dyer_and_Lucian_Freud" title="Portrait of George Dyer and Lucian Freud">Portrait of George Dyer and Lucian Freud</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Studies_of_Lucian_Freud" title="Three Studies of Lucian Freud">Three Studies of Lucian Freud</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Michel_Leiris_(1976)" title="Portrait of Michel Leiris (1976)">Portrait of Michel Leiris</a></i> (1976)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Female portraits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Studies_for_a_Portrait_of_Henrietta_Moraes" title="Three Studies for a Portrait of Henrietta Moraes">Three Studies for a Portrait of Henrietta Moraes</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Studies_for_a_Portrait_of_Muriel_Belcher" title="Three Studies for a Portrait of Muriel Belcher">Three Studies for a Portrait of Muriel Belcher</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Isabel_Rawsthorne_Standing_in_a_Street_in_Soho" title="Portrait of Isabel Rawsthorne Standing in a Street in Soho">Portrait of Isabel Rawsthorne Standing in a Street in Soho</a></i> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Self-portraits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Studies_for_Self_Portrait_(1973)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three Studies for Self Portrait (1973) (page does not exist)">Three Studies for Self Portrait</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-portrait_(Bacon,_1973)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Self-portrait (Bacon, 1973) (page does not exist)">Self-portrait</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Studies_for_Self-Portrait_(1979)" title="Three Studies for Self-Portrait (1979)">Three Studies for Self-Portrait</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Study_for_a_Self-Portrait%E2%80%94Triptych,_1985%E2%80%9386" title="Study for a Self-Portrait—Triptych, 1985–86">Study for a Self-Portrait—Triptych, 1985–86</a></i> (1985–86)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Summary articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_large_triptychs_by_Francis_Bacon" title="List of large triptychs by Francis Bacon">List of large triptychs by Francis Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triptychs_by_Francis_Bacon" title="Triptychs by Francis Bacon">Triptychs by Francis Bacon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Triptychs" title="The Black Triptychs">The Black Triptychs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influences_on_Francis_Bacon" title="Influences on Francis Bacon">Influences on Francis Bacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon:_The_Logic_of_Sensation" title="Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation"><i>Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation</i> (1981 book)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Is_the_Devil:_Study_for_a_Portrait_of_Francis_Bacon" title="Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon"><i>Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon</i> (1998 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154340#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/14789843">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11850570X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79139544">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12054593n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12054593n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35011666">Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500021153">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/3435">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/824/">Victoria</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/318123">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agsa.sa.gov.au/collection-publications/collection/creators/_/2925/">South Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/140689">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.000297.v1">Ireland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11850570X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6hm5w8x">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&oldid=1259689051">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&oldid=1259689051</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Francis_Bacon_(artist)" title="Category:Francis Bacon (artist)">Francis Bacon (artist)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1909_births" title="Category:1909 births">1909 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