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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/><title>Cog - ROBOTS: Your Guide to the World of Robotics</title><meta name="description" content="Cog was a humanoid robot designed by Rodney Brooks's group at MIT as a platform to study robot cognition. It could track faces, grasp objects, and, perhaps most famously, play with a Slinky."/><meta name="keywords" content="cog, mit, united states, humanoid robots, humanoids, research robots, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, ai, cognition, neuroscience, manipulation, rodney brooks, historical robots, robotics history, robot, robots, robotics, robots guide, ieee robots, science, technology, engineering"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Cog"/><meta property="og:title" content="Cog"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Cog was a humanoid robot designed by Rodney Brooks's group at MIT as a platform to study robot cognition. It could track faces, grasp objects, and, perhaps most famously, play with a Slinky."/><meta property="og:description" content="Cog was a humanoid robot designed by Rodney Brooks's group at MIT as a platform to study robot cognition. It could track faces, grasp objects, and, perhaps most famously, play with a Slinky."/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/83e61660f6e2102644a16175346e199a4f66f832-1200x630.jpg?w=1200&h=630"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/83e61660f6e2102644a16175346e199a4f66f832-1200x630.jpg?w=1200&h=630"/><meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="A human shaped robot with exposed electronics looks at it's fingers, which are pushed together to form an O."/><meta property="og:image:alt" content="A human shaped robot with exposed electronics looks at it's fingers, which are pushed together to form an O."/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@robotsapp"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="ROBOTS: Your Guide to the World of Robotics"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://robotsguide.com/robots/cog"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="539931291641024"/><meta name="google-site-verification" content="L-skWDKE3KKfxCj4MKcOwZUVoZ1L_MkSRLAsNxx-JIw"/><meta name="parsely-title" content="Cog"/><meta name="parsely-link" content="https://robotsguide.com/robots/cog"/><meta name="parsely-section" content="Robots"/><meta name="parsely-type" content="post"/><meta name="parsely-image-url" content="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/f472e6f17bdaf74cd3acb8f516f04bfe2baa247f-500x500.jpg"/><meta name="parsely-pub-date" content="2018-05-18T00:00:00.000Z"/><meta name="parsely-author" content="Robots Team"/><meta name="parsely-tags" content="cog, mit, united states, humanoid robots, humanoids, research robots, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, ai, cognition, neuroscience, manipulation, rodney brooks, historical robots, robotics history, robot, robots, robotics, robots guide, ieee robots, science, technology, engineering"/><script src="https://cmp.osano.com/AzyzptTmRlqVd2LRf/3bec1d73-e15a-4cc5-a3d1-1d642f5b34ca/osano.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/build/_assets/global-BEPTSMCP.css"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.sanity.io"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.sanity.io"/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/build/_assets/ABCFavoritPro-Light-4H3RRRRA.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/build/_assets/ABCFavoritPro-Book-DOZMQ7DW.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/build/_assets/ABCFavoritMono-Light-FTPT6CHG.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/build/_assets/ABCFavoritMono-Regular-22AOQEZA.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/build/_assets/magic360-7SYXUTLT.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/build/_assets/robot-2WPHQXIE.css"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://robotsguide.com/robots/cog"/><style> @font-face { font-family: ABC Favorit Pro; src: url(/build/_assets/ABCFavoritPro-Light-4H3RRRRA.woff2) format(woff2); font-style: normal; font-weight: 200; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: ABC Favorit Pro; src: url(/build/_assets/ABCFavoritPro-Book-DOZMQ7DW.woff2) format(woff2); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: ABC Favorit Mono; src: url(/build/_assets/ABCFavoritMono-Light-FTPT6CHG.woff2) format(woff2); font-style: normal; font-weight: 200; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: ABC Favorit Mono; src: url(/build/_assets/ABCFavoritMono-Regular-22AOQEZA.woff2) format(woff2); font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; } </style><script type="application/ld+json">[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","@id":"https://robotsguide.com/#publisher","logo":"https://robotsguide.com/icon-512.png","name":"ROBOTS: Your Guide to the World of Robotics","url":"https://robotsguide.com","parentOrganization":{"@type":"Organization","url":"https://spectrum.ieee.org","name":"IEEE Spectrum"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/robotsguide/","https://twitter.com/robotsapp","https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE93DACF9552ACD2D"]},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://robotsguide.com/#site","url":"https://robotsguide.com","name":"ROBOTS: Your Guide to the World of Robotics","description":"The world's largest catalog of robots, drones, and self-driving cars, with thousands of photos, videos, tech specs, news, and information on how to get into robotics. 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ruled-container-md"><header><h1>Cog</h1></header><div class="split-switcher" data-variant="seven-three" data-direction="rtl"><div class="robot-hero__img ruled-md padding-bottom-l"><figure class=""><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/bae0f184c28d3732807d368bbb60eeec4a2ee9de-2048x1536.jpg?rect=98,0,1848,1536&w=2000&auto=format 2000w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/bae0f184c28d3732807d368bbb60eeec4a2ee9de-2048x1536.jpg?rect=98,0,1848,1536&w=1400&auto=format 1400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/bae0f184c28d3732807d368bbb60eeec4a2ee9de-2048x1536.jpg?rect=98,0,1848,1536&w=900&auto=format 900w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/bae0f184c28d3732807d368bbb60eeec4a2ee9de-2048x1536.jpg?rect=98,0,1848,1536&w=600&auto=format 600w, " sizes=" (max-width: 420px) 300px, (max-width: 550px) 450px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 600px, (max-width: 1440px) 700px, 1000px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/bae0f184c28d3732807d368bbb60eeec4a2ee9de-2048x1536.jpg?rect=98,0,1848,1536&w=900&auto=format" alt="A human shaped robot with exposed electronics looks at it's fingers, which are pushed together to form an O." style="aspect-ratio:1.2034313725490196;background-color:#d65331"/><button class="lightbox__open"><svg viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20.8672 9C20.8672 8.65482 20.5874 8.375 20.2422 8.375H14.6172C14.272 8.375 13.9922 8.65482 13.9922 9C13.9922 9.34518 14.272 9.625 14.6172 9.625H19.6172V14.625C19.6172 14.9702 19.897 15.25 20.2422 15.25C20.5874 15.25 20.8672 14.9702 20.8672 14.625V9ZM19.8002 8.55806L11.315 17.0433L12.1988 17.9272L20.6841 9.44194L19.8002 8.55806Z"></path><path d="M8.375 20.2422C8.375 20.5874 8.65482 20.8672 9 20.8672H14.625C14.9702 20.8672 15.25 20.5874 15.25 20.2422C15.25 19.897 14.9702 19.6172 14.625 19.6172H9.625V14.6172C9.625 14.272 9.34518 13.9922 9 13.9922C8.65482 13.9922 8.375 14.272 8.375 14.6172V20.2422ZM9.44194 20.6841L17.9272 12.1988L17.0433 11.315L8.55806 19.8002L9.44194 20.6841Z"></path></svg></button><figcaption><span class="caption">Cog exercises its fingers. </span><span> </span><span class="credit">Photo: Sam Ogden/Science Source</span></figcaption></figure></div><div class="robot-hero__content ruled-md stack"><div class="robot-hero__description"><p>Cog was a humanoid robot designed by Rodney Brooks's group at MIT as a platform to study robot cognition. It could track faces, grasp objects, and, perhaps most famously, play with a Slinky.</p></div><dl class="stack"><dt class="text-label-s">Creator</dt><dd class="text-body-1 creator"><p><a href="https://www.mit.edu/" class="arrow-link" data-arrow-direction="up-right" data-arrow-animation="up-right" data-arrow-color="inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MIT</a></p></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Year</dt><dd class="text-body-1">1993</dd><dt class="text-label-s">Country</dt><dd><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?country=united-states">United States 🇺🇸</a></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Categories</dt><dd><ul class="cluster"><li><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?category=humanoids">Humanoids</a></li><li><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?category=research">Research</a></li></ul></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Features</dt><dd><ul class="cluster"><li><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?feature=arms">Arms</a></li><li><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?feature=dexterity">Dexterity</a></li><li><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?feature=hands">Hands</a></li><li><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?feature=partially-autonomous">Partially Autonomous</a></li><li><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?feature=teleoperated">Teleoperated</a></li><li><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?feature=vision">Vision</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="videos" class="robot-videos split-switcher"><figure class="youtube-facade"><button class="youtube-facade__button" aria-label="Play video: Rodney Brooks and his team present Cog."><img aria-hidden="true" srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9197eeda598354b5460887391843ffe49d9716bd-480x360.jpg?w=2000&auto=format 2000w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9197eeda598354b5460887391843ffe49d9716bd-480x360.jpg?w=1400&auto=format 1400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9197eeda598354b5460887391843ffe49d9716bd-480x360.jpg?w=900&auto=format 900w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9197eeda598354b5460887391843ffe49d9716bd-480x360.jpg?w=600&auto=format 600w, " sizes=" (max-width: 420px) 300px, (max-width: 550px) 450px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 600px, 700px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9197eeda598354b5460887391843ffe49d9716bd-480x360.jpg?w=900&auto=format" alt="Rodney Brooks and his team present Cog." width="480" height="360" style="background-color:#bcb9ba" loading="lazy"/><div class="play-button" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="play-icon"><path d="M35.4069 23.1238C36.0977 23.5037 36.0977 24.4963 35.4069 24.8762L18.4819 34.1849C17.8155 34.5515 17 34.0693 17 33.3087L17 14.6913C17 13.9307 17.8155 13.4485 18.4819 13.8151L35.4069 23.1238Z"></path></svg></div></button><figcaption><span class="caption">Rodney Brooks and his team present Cog.</span><span> </span><span class="credit">Video: PlasticPals</span></figcaption></figure><div class="ruled-md"><div class="thumbs"><h3 class="text-label-s">More videos</h3><div class="thumb-scroller over-scroll stack"><form method="get" action="/robots/cog"><input type="hidden" name="video" value="1"/><button type="submit" class="thumb active"><figure class=""><div class="thumb-wrapper"><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9197eeda598354b5460887391843ffe49d9716bd-480x360.jpg?rect=0,45,480,270&w=500&h=281&auto=format 500w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9197eeda598354b5460887391843ffe49d9716bd-480x360.jpg?rect=0,45,480,270&w=400&h=225&auto=format 400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9197eeda598354b5460887391843ffe49d9716bd-480x360.jpg?rect=0,45,480,270&w=300&h=169&auto=format 300w, " sizes=" (max-width: 1280px) 150px, (max-width: 1440px) 200px, 250px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9197eeda598354b5460887391843ffe49d9716bd-480x360.jpg?rect=0,45,480,270&w=400&h=225&auto=format" alt="Rodney Brooks and his team present Cog." style="background-color:#bcb9ba" loading="lazy"/></div><figcaption><span class="caption">Rodney Brooks and his team present Cog.</span></figcaption></figure></button></form><form method="get" action="/robots/cog"><input type="hidden" name="video" value="2"/><button type="submit" class="thumb "><figure class=""><div class="thumb-wrapper"><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/d5c6a25550697888a11a5c69dbdabfca9bea17e6-480x360.jpg?rect=0,45,480,270&w=500&h=281&auto=format 500w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/d5c6a25550697888a11a5c69dbdabfca9bea17e6-480x360.jpg?rect=0,45,480,270&w=400&h=225&auto=format 400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/d5c6a25550697888a11a5c69dbdabfca9bea17e6-480x360.jpg?rect=0,45,480,270&w=300&h=169&auto=format 300w, " sizes=" (max-width: 1280px) 150px, (max-width: 1440px) 200px, 250px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/d5c6a25550697888a11a5c69dbdabfca9bea17e6-480x360.jpg?rect=0,45,480,270&w=400&h=225&auto=format" alt="A researcher demos Cog's arms." style="background-color:#cbc4a1" loading="lazy"/></div><figcaption><span class="caption">A researcher demos Cog's arms.</span></figcaption></figure></button></form><form method="get" action="/robots/cog"><input type="hidden" name="video" value="3"/><button type="submit" class="thumb "><figure class=""><div class="thumb-wrapper"><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/29aa3ad0e0421eee4baf1c15efd8dfc22bc5ce96-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=500&h=281&auto=format 500w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/29aa3ad0e0421eee4baf1c15efd8dfc22bc5ce96-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=400&h=225&auto=format 400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/29aa3ad0e0421eee4baf1c15efd8dfc22bc5ce96-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,361&w=300&h=169&auto=format 300w, " sizes=" (max-width: 1280px) 150px, (max-width: 1440px) 200px, 250px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/29aa3ad0e0421eee4baf1c15efd8dfc22bc5ce96-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=400&h=225&auto=format" alt="Rodney Brooks explains why he built Cog." style="background-color:#3c3021" loading="lazy"/></div><figcaption><span class="caption">Rodney Brooks explains why he built Cog.</span></figcaption></figure></button></form><form method="get" action="/robots/cog"><input type="hidden" name="video" value="4"/><button type="submit" class="thumb "><figure class=""><div class="thumb-wrapper"><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9931b45ef282e9726e85dc5e9d43feda9ed988dc-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=500&h=281&auto=format 500w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9931b45ef282e9726e85dc5e9d43feda9ed988dc-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=400&h=225&auto=format 400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9931b45ef282e9726e85dc5e9d43feda9ed988dc-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,361&w=300&h=169&auto=format 300w, " sizes=" (max-width: 1280px) 150px, (max-width: 1440px) 200px, 250px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9931b45ef282e9726e85dc5e9d43feda9ed988dc-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=400&h=225&auto=format" alt="Cog learning to learn." style="background-color:#35335e" loading="lazy"/></div><figcaption><span class="caption">Cog learning to learn.</span></figcaption></figure></button></form><form method="get" action="/robots/cog"><input type="hidden" name="video" value="5"/><button type="submit" class="thumb "><figure class=""><div class="thumb-wrapper"><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/40b9c7fc3663c2b14874ef5c821949a24476fcea-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=500&h=281&auto=format 500w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/40b9c7fc3663c2b14874ef5c821949a24476fcea-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=400&h=225&auto=format 400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/40b9c7fc3663c2b14874ef5c821949a24476fcea-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,361&w=300&h=169&auto=format 300w, " sizes=" (max-width: 1280px) 150px, (max-width: 1440px) 200px, 250px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/40b9c7fc3663c2b14874ef5c821949a24476fcea-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=400&h=225&auto=format" alt="Teaching Cog to recognize objects." style="background-color:#343949" loading="lazy"/></div><figcaption><span class="caption">Teaching Cog to recognize objects.</span></figcaption></figure></button></form></div><div class="thumb-reel reel"><form method="get" action="/robots/cog"><input type="hidden" name="video" value="1"/><button type="submit" class="thumb active"><figure class=""><div class="thumb-wrapper"><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9197eeda598354b5460887391843ffe49d9716bd-480x360.jpg?rect=0,45,480,270&w=400&h=225&auto=format 400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9197eeda598354b5460887391843ffe49d9716bd-480x360.jpg?rect=0,45,480,270&w=300&h=169&auto=format 300w, " sizes=" (max-width: 480px) 150px, 200px, " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9197eeda598354b5460887391843ffe49d9716bd-480x360.jpg?rect=0,45,480,270&w=400&h=225&auto=format" alt="Rodney Brooks and his team present Cog." style="background-color:#bcb9ba" loading="lazy"/></div><figcaption><span class="caption">Rodney Brooks and his team present Cog.</span></figcaption></figure></button></form><form method="get" action="/robots/cog"><input type="hidden" name="video" value="2"/><button type="submit" class="thumb "><figure class=""><div class="thumb-wrapper"><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/d5c6a25550697888a11a5c69dbdabfca9bea17e6-480x360.jpg?rect=0,45,480,270&w=400&h=225&auto=format 400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/d5c6a25550697888a11a5c69dbdabfca9bea17e6-480x360.jpg?rect=0,45,480,270&w=300&h=169&auto=format 300w, " sizes=" (max-width: 480px) 150px, 200px, " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/d5c6a25550697888a11a5c69dbdabfca9bea17e6-480x360.jpg?rect=0,45,480,270&w=400&h=225&auto=format" alt="A researcher demos Cog's arms." style="background-color:#cbc4a1" loading="lazy"/></div><figcaption><span class="caption">A researcher demos Cog's arms.</span></figcaption></figure></button></form><form method="get" action="/robots/cog"><input type="hidden" name="video" value="3"/><button type="submit" class="thumb "><figure class=""><div class="thumb-wrapper"><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/29aa3ad0e0421eee4baf1c15efd8dfc22bc5ce96-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=400&h=225&auto=format 400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/29aa3ad0e0421eee4baf1c15efd8dfc22bc5ce96-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,361&w=300&h=169&auto=format 300w, " sizes=" (max-width: 480px) 150px, 200px, " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/29aa3ad0e0421eee4baf1c15efd8dfc22bc5ce96-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=400&h=225&auto=format" alt="Rodney Brooks explains why he built Cog." style="background-color:#3c3021" loading="lazy"/></div><figcaption><span class="caption">Rodney Brooks explains why he built Cog.</span></figcaption></figure></button></form><form method="get" action="/robots/cog"><input type="hidden" name="video" value="4"/><button type="submit" class="thumb "><figure class=""><div class="thumb-wrapper"><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9931b45ef282e9726e85dc5e9d43feda9ed988dc-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=400&h=225&auto=format 400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9931b45ef282e9726e85dc5e9d43feda9ed988dc-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,361&w=300&h=169&auto=format 300w, " sizes=" (max-width: 480px) 150px, 200px, " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9931b45ef282e9726e85dc5e9d43feda9ed988dc-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=400&h=225&auto=format" alt="Cog learning to learn." style="background-color:#35335e" loading="lazy"/></div><figcaption><span class="caption">Cog learning to learn.</span></figcaption></figure></button></form><form method="get" action="/robots/cog"><input type="hidden" name="video" value="5"/><button type="submit" class="thumb "><figure class=""><div class="thumb-wrapper"><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/40b9c7fc3663c2b14874ef5c821949a24476fcea-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=400&h=225&auto=format 400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/40b9c7fc3663c2b14874ef5c821949a24476fcea-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,361&w=300&h=169&auto=format 300w, " sizes=" (max-width: 480px) 150px, 200px, " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/40b9c7fc3663c2b14874ef5c821949a24476fcea-640x480.jpg?rect=0,60,640,360&w=400&h=225&auto=format" alt="Teaching Cog to recognize objects." style="background-color:#343949" loading="lazy"/></div><figcaption><span class="caption">Teaching Cog to recognize objects.</span></figcaption></figure></button></form></div></div></div></div><div class="robot-ratings ruled-container-md"><h2 class="text-label-s">Rate this Robot</h2><div class="robot-ratings__inner"><div class="robot-rating overall ruled-md"><div class="robot-rating__inner"><header class="repel"><h3 class="text-label-s">Overall Rating</h3></header><div class="robot-rating__content"><form method="post" action="/robots/cog"><input type="hidden" name="id" value="robot_cog"/><input type="radio" id="rating-star-5" name="overall" value="5"/><label for="rating-star-5" title="5 Stars" aria-label="5 Stars"><svg viewBox="0 0 38 36" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M18.2867 1.19529C18.5112 0.504305 19.4888 0.504305 19.7133 1.19529L23.5464 12.9924C23.6468 13.3014 23.9348 13.5106 24.2597 13.5106H36.6639C37.3905 13.5106 37.6926 14.4404 37.1048 14.8674L27.0695 22.1584C26.8067 22.3494 26.6967 22.6879 26.7971 22.997L30.6302 34.7941C30.8547 35.4851 30.0639 36.0596 29.4761 35.6326L19.4408 28.3416C19.178 28.1506 18.822 28.1506 18.5592 28.3416L8.52393 35.6326C7.93615 36.0596 7.14529 35.4851 7.3698 34.7941L11.2029 22.997C11.3033 22.6879 11.1933 22.3494 10.9305 22.1584L0.895237 14.8674C0.307452 14.4404 0.609533 13.5106 1.33608 13.5106H13.7403C14.0652 13.5106 14.3532 13.3014 14.4536 12.9924L18.2867 1.19529Z"></path></svg></label><input type="radio" id="rating-star-4" name="overall" value="4"/><label for="rating-star-4" title="4 Stars" aria-label="4 Stars"><svg viewBox="0 0 38 36" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M18.2867 1.19529C18.5112 0.504305 19.4888 0.504305 19.7133 1.19529L23.5464 12.9924C23.6468 13.3014 23.9348 13.5106 24.2597 13.5106H36.6639C37.3905 13.5106 37.6926 14.4404 37.1048 14.8674L27.0695 22.1584C26.8067 22.3494 26.6967 22.6879 26.7971 22.997L30.6302 34.7941C30.8547 35.4851 30.0639 36.0596 29.4761 35.6326L19.4408 28.3416C19.178 28.1506 18.822 28.1506 18.5592 28.3416L8.52393 35.6326C7.93615 36.0596 7.14529 35.4851 7.3698 34.7941L11.2029 22.997C11.3033 22.6879 11.1933 22.3494 10.9305 22.1584L0.895237 14.8674C0.307452 14.4404 0.609533 13.5106 1.33608 13.5106H13.7403C14.0652 13.5106 14.3532 13.3014 14.4536 12.9924L18.2867 1.19529Z"></path></svg></label><input type="radio" id="rating-star-3" name="overall" value="3"/><label for="rating-star-3" title="3 Stars" aria-label="3 Stars"><svg viewBox="0 0 38 36" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M18.2867 1.19529C18.5112 0.504305 19.4888 0.504305 19.7133 1.19529L23.5464 12.9924C23.6468 13.3014 23.9348 13.5106 24.2597 13.5106H36.6639C37.3905 13.5106 37.6926 14.4404 37.1048 14.8674L27.0695 22.1584C26.8067 22.3494 26.6967 22.6879 26.7971 22.997L30.6302 34.7941C30.8547 35.4851 30.0639 36.0596 29.4761 35.6326L19.4408 28.3416C19.178 28.1506 18.822 28.1506 18.5592 28.3416L8.52393 35.6326C7.93615 36.0596 7.14529 35.4851 7.3698 34.7941L11.2029 22.997C11.3033 22.6879 11.1933 22.3494 10.9305 22.1584L0.895237 14.8674C0.307452 14.4404 0.609533 13.5106 1.33608 13.5106H13.7403C14.0652 13.5106 14.3532 13.3014 14.4536 12.9924L18.2867 1.19529Z"></path></svg></label><input type="radio" id="rating-star-2" name="overall" value="2"/><label for="rating-star-2" title="2 Stars" aria-label="2 Stars"><svg viewBox="0 0 38 36" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M18.2867 1.19529C18.5112 0.504305 19.4888 0.504305 19.7133 1.19529L23.5464 12.9924C23.6468 13.3014 23.9348 13.5106 24.2597 13.5106H36.6639C37.3905 13.5106 37.6926 14.4404 37.1048 14.8674L27.0695 22.1584C26.8067 22.3494 26.6967 22.6879 26.7971 22.997L30.6302 34.7941C30.8547 35.4851 30.0639 36.0596 29.4761 35.6326L19.4408 28.3416C19.178 28.1506 18.822 28.1506 18.5592 28.3416L8.52393 35.6326C7.93615 36.0596 7.14529 35.4851 7.3698 34.7941L11.2029 22.997C11.3033 22.6879 11.1933 22.3494 10.9305 22.1584L0.895237 14.8674C0.307452 14.4404 0.609533 13.5106 1.33608 13.5106H13.7403C14.0652 13.5106 14.3532 13.3014 14.4536 12.9924L18.2867 1.19529Z"></path></svg></label><input type="radio" id="rating-star-1" name="overall" value="1"/><label for="rating-star-1" title="1 Stars" aria-label="1 Stars"><svg viewBox="0 0 38 36" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M18.2867 1.19529C18.5112 0.504305 19.4888 0.504305 19.7133 1.19529L23.5464 12.9924C23.6468 13.3014 23.9348 13.5106 24.2597 13.5106H36.6639C37.3905 13.5106 37.6926 14.4404 37.1048 14.8674L27.0695 22.1584C26.8067 22.3494 26.6967 22.6879 26.7971 22.997L30.6302 34.7941C30.8547 35.4851 30.0639 36.0596 29.4761 35.6326L19.4408 28.3416C19.178 28.1506 18.822 28.1506 18.5592 28.3416L8.52393 35.6326C7.93615 36.0596 7.14529 35.4851 7.3698 34.7941L11.2029 22.997C11.3033 22.6879 11.1933 22.3494 10.9305 22.1584L0.895237 14.8674C0.307452 14.4404 0.609533 13.5106 1.33608 13.5106H13.7403C14.0652 13.5106 14.3532 13.3014 14.4536 12.9924L18.2867 1.19529Z"></path></svg></label></form></div></div></div><div class="robot-rating wanted ruled-md"><div class="robot-rating__inner"><header class="repel"><h3 class="text-label-s">Would you want this robot?</h3></header><div class="robot-rating__content"><form method="post" action="/robots/cog" class="repel"><input type="hidden" name="id" value="robot_cog"/><label class="text-body-2" for="wanted-yes"><input type="radio" name="wanted" id="wanted-yes" value="1"/>Yes<span>, I would</span></label><label class="text-body-2" for="wanted-no"><input type="radio" name="wanted" id="wanted-no" value="0"/>No<span>, I wouldn't</span></label></form></div></div></div><div class="robot-rating appearance ruled-md"><div class="robot-rating__inner"><header class="repel"><h3 class="text-label-s">Appearance</h3></header><div class="robot-rating__content"><div><div class="text-label-s appearance-selection-label ">Neutral</div><form method="post" action="/robots/cog" class=""><input type="hidden" name="id" value="robot_cog"/><input type="range" name="appearance" id="appearance" min="-3" max="3" step="1"/><label class="repel" for="appearance" aria-label="Higher is friendlier, lower is creepier"><span class="text-label-s">Creepy ←</span><span class="text-label-s">→ Friendly</span></label></form></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="did-you-know" class="did-you-know split-switcher ruled-container-md" data-controlled-column="first"><div class="did-you-know__content stack ruled-md"><h2 class="text-label-s">Did you know?</h2><div class="repel did-you-know__controls"><ul><li><button class="indicator active"><span class="visually-hidden">Go to quote 1</span></button></li><li><button class="indicator"><span class="visually-hidden">Go to quote 2</span></button></li><li><button class="indicator"><span class="visually-hidden">Go to quote 3</span></button></li></ul><div class="buttons"><button class="arrow-button">←</button><button class="arrow-button">→</button></div></div><div class="did-you-know__facts"><p class="text-body-l" draggable="false" style="z-index:1;opacity:1;transform:none;-webkit-touch-callout:none;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;touch-action:pan-y">The name "Cog" is a play on the term "cognition" and a mechanical cog.</p></div></div><div class="did-you-know__images stack ruled-md"><figure class=""><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/8a67c13c14b3daa12e6487e5d8558041e6a3c548-2048x1536.jpg?w=2000&auto=format 2000w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/8a67c13c14b3daa12e6487e5d8558041e6a3c548-2048x1536.jpg?w=1400&auto=format 1400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/8a67c13c14b3daa12e6487e5d8558041e6a3c548-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&auto=format 900w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/8a67c13c14b3daa12e6487e5d8558041e6a3c548-2048x1536.jpg?w=600&auto=format 600w, " sizes=" (max-width: 420px) 300px, (max-width: 550px) 450px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 600px, (max-width: 1440px) 700px, 1000px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/8a67c13c14b3daa12e6487e5d8558041e6a3c548-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&auto=format" alt="Close up of a woman and robot staring at each other." loading="lazy" style="aspect-ratio:1.3333333333333333;background-color:#3a345a"/><button class="lightbox__open"><svg viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20.8672 9C20.8672 8.65482 20.5874 8.375 20.2422 8.375H14.6172C14.272 8.375 13.9922 8.65482 13.9922 9C13.9922 9.34518 14.272 9.625 14.6172 9.625H19.6172V14.625C19.6172 14.9702 19.897 15.25 20.2422 15.25C20.5874 15.25 20.8672 14.9702 20.8672 14.625V9ZM19.8002 8.55806L11.315 17.0433L12.1988 17.9272L20.6841 9.44194L19.8002 8.55806Z"></path><path d="M8.375 20.2422C8.375 20.5874 8.65482 20.8672 9 20.8672H14.625C14.9702 20.8672 15.25 20.5874 15.25 20.2422C15.25 19.897 14.9702 19.6172 14.625 19.6172H9.625V14.6172C9.625 14.272 9.34518 13.9922 9 13.9922C8.65482 13.9922 8.375 14.272 8.375 14.6172V20.2422ZM9.44194 20.6841L17.9272 12.1988L17.0433 11.315L8.55806 19.8002L9.44194 20.6841Z"></path></svg></button><figcaption><span class="caption">"Look into my eyes, Cynthia."</span><span> </span><span class="credit">Photo: Sam Ogden/Science Source</span></figcaption></figure><figure class=""><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/01f4ca76ecbdadd4b87179eb5b240d4e62a3b88f-2048x1536.jpg?w=2000&auto=format 2000w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/01f4ca76ecbdadd4b87179eb5b240d4e62a3b88f-2048x1536.jpg?w=1400&auto=format 1400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/01f4ca76ecbdadd4b87179eb5b240d4e62a3b88f-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&auto=format 900w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/01f4ca76ecbdadd4b87179eb5b240d4e62a3b88f-2048x1536.jpg?w=600&auto=format 600w, " sizes=" (max-width: 420px) 300px, (max-width: 550px) 450px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 600px, (max-width: 1440px) 700px, 1000px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/01f4ca76ecbdadd4b87179eb5b240d4e62a3b88f-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&auto=format" alt="4 monitors show different views of a woman." loading="lazy" style="aspect-ratio:1.3333333333333333;background-color:#733a09"/><button class="lightbox__open"><svg viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20.8672 9C20.8672 8.65482 20.5874 8.375 20.2422 8.375H14.6172C14.272 8.375 13.9922 8.65482 13.9922 9C13.9922 9.34518 14.272 9.625 14.6172 9.625H19.6172V14.625C19.6172 14.9702 19.897 15.25 20.2422 15.25C20.5874 15.25 20.8672 14.9702 20.8672 14.625V9ZM19.8002 8.55806L11.315 17.0433L12.1988 17.9272L20.6841 9.44194L19.8002 8.55806Z"></path><path d="M8.375 20.2422C8.375 20.5874 8.65482 20.8672 9 20.8672H14.625C14.9702 20.8672 15.25 20.5874 15.25 20.2422C15.25 19.897 14.9702 19.6172 14.625 19.6172H9.625V14.6172C9.625 14.272 9.34518 13.9922 9 13.9922C8.65482 13.9922 8.375 14.272 8.375 14.6172V20.2422ZM9.44194 20.6841L17.9272 12.1988L17.0433 11.315L8.55806 19.8002L9.44194 20.6841Z"></path></svg></button><figcaption><span class="caption">The world according to Cog.</span><span> </span><span class="credit">Photo: Sam Ogden/Science Source</span></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="robot-audio "><h2 class="text-label-s">Audio</h2><div class="robot-audio__inner reel" data-audio-count="many"><div class="audio-card ruled-with-padding-md"><div class="audio-card__wrap"><div class="audio-card__inner"><figure class=""><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9806c46fad443c4d6469f27d5ae333ec891e8d1d-400x400.jpg?w=700&auto=format 700w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9806c46fad443c4d6469f27d5ae333ec891e8d1d-400x400.jpg?w=300&auto=format 300w, " sizes=" (max-width: 600px) 700px, 300px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/9806c46fad443c4d6469f27d5ae333ec891e8d1d-400x400.jpg?auto=format" alt="Rodney Brooks describes how a party he hosted for his students led to the idea of developing an intelligent humanoid robot." style="background-color:#c19878"/></figure><div class="audio-card__content"><div class="stack"><h3 class="text-headline-s">Rodney Brooks describes how a party he hosted for his students led to the idea of developing an intelligent humanoid robot.</h3><span class="credit text-label-xs">Photo: Sam Ogden/Science Source</span></div><div class="audio-card__player"><div class="audio-player"><audio src="https://cdn.sanity.io/files/7p2whiua/production/7002ee200774885018e89a3510dccc8d97860ee1.mp3" hidden=""></audio><div class="audio-player__controls"><div class="time-circle" role="progressbar" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="0" aria-valuenow="0"><svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle r="46" cx="50" cy="50" transform="rotate(-90, 50, 50)" fill="transparent" stroke-dasharray="289.02652413026095" stroke-dashoffset="289.02652413026095" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-width="8"></circle></svg></div><button class="playback-button" aria-label="Play audio"><svg viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="play-icon"><path d="M35.4069 23.1238C36.0977 23.5037 36.0977 24.4963 35.4069 24.8762L18.4819 34.1849C17.8155 34.5515 17 34.0693 17 33.3087L17 14.6913C17 13.9307 17.8155 13.4485 18.4819 13.8151L35.4069 23.1238Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="audio-card ruled-with-padding-md"><div class="audio-card__wrap"><div class="audio-card__inner"><figure class=""><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/0a5fe15a50dc6c19e122ba5845a6e7e5c0cc1c61-400x400.jpg?w=700&auto=format 700w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/0a5fe15a50dc6c19e122ba5845a6e7e5c0cc1c61-400x400.jpg?w=300&auto=format 300w, " sizes=" (max-width: 600px) 700px, 300px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/0a5fe15a50dc6c19e122ba5845a6e7e5c0cc1c61-400x400.jpg?auto=format" alt="Rodney Brooks gives an overview of Cog's vision system and describes how even his students would get spooked when the robot stared at them." style="background-color:#5f3c2d"/></figure><div class="audio-card__content"><div class="stack"><h3 class="text-headline-s">Rodney Brooks gives an overview of Cog's vision system and describes how even his students would get spooked when the robot stared at them.</h3><span class="credit text-label-xs">Photo: Sam Ogden/Science Source</span></div><div class="audio-card__player"><div class="audio-player"><audio src="https://cdn.sanity.io/files/7p2whiua/production/e9b0daaba7a70c8cc406d127e4e8d6448a6f1d54.mp3" hidden=""></audio><div class="audio-player__controls"><div class="time-circle" role="progressbar" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="0" aria-valuenow="0"><svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle r="46" cx="50" cy="50" transform="rotate(-90, 50, 50)" fill="transparent" stroke-dasharray="289.02652413026095" stroke-dashoffset="289.02652413026095" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-width="8"></circle></svg></div><button class="playback-button" aria-label="Play audio"><svg viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="play-icon"><path d="M35.4069 23.1238C36.0977 23.5037 36.0977 24.4963 35.4069 24.8762L18.4819 34.1849C17.8155 34.5515 17 34.0693 17 33.3087L17 14.6913C17 13.9307 17.8155 13.4485 18.4819 13.8151L35.4069 23.1238Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="audio-card ruled-with-padding-md"><div class="audio-card__wrap"><div class="audio-card__inner"><figure class=""><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/ef99080cff14e68dcf4c51e0d2bede4abe446872-400x400.jpg?w=700&auto=format 700w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/ef99080cff14e68dcf4c51e0d2bede4abe446872-400x400.jpg?w=300&auto=format 300w, " sizes=" (max-width: 600px) 700px, 300px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/ef99080cff14e68dcf4c51e0d2bede4abe446872-400x400.jpg?auto=format" alt="Rodney Brooks describes how Cog learned to play with a Slinky, turn a crank, and even jam with a band." style="background-color:#181db6"/></figure><div class="audio-card__content"><div class="stack"><h3 class="text-headline-s">Rodney Brooks describes how Cog learned to play with a Slinky, turn a crank, and even jam with a band.</h3><span class="credit text-label-xs">A man and a robot stand side-by-side playing with Slinkys.</span><span class="credit text-label-xs">Photo: Peter Menzel/Science Source</span></div><div class="audio-card__player"><div class="audio-player"><audio src="https://cdn.sanity.io/files/7p2whiua/production/90b4821469b1d399c001b6ba1bf8dd902b514df1.mp3" hidden=""></audio><div class="audio-player__controls"><div class="time-circle" role="progressbar" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="0" aria-valuenow="0"><svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle r="46" cx="50" cy="50" transform="rotate(-90, 50, 50)" fill="transparent" stroke-dasharray="289.02652413026095" stroke-dashoffset="289.02652413026095" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-width="8"></circle></svg></div><button class="playback-button" aria-label="Play audio"><svg viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="play-icon"><path d="M35.4069 23.1238C36.0977 23.5037 36.0977 24.4963 35.4069 24.8762L18.4819 34.1849C17.8155 34.5515 17 34.0693 17 33.3087L17 14.6913C17 13.9307 17.8155 13.4485 18.4819 13.8151L35.4069 23.1238Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="robot-history switcher ruled-container-md" data-direction="rtl"><div class="robot-history__content ruled-md"><h2 class="text-label-s padding-bottom-r">History</h2><p>Development of <a href="http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-group/cog/overview.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Cog</a> started in 1993 at <a href="https://people.csail.mit.edu/brooks/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Rodney Brooks</a>'s lab at MIT. The robot's first incarnation was as a 14-DOF upper torso with one arm and a rudimentary visual system. The robot was later upgraded to include two arms, a head, and more sensors. Many graduate students worked on the robot, including <a href="https://scazlab.yale.edu/people/brian-scassellati" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Brian Scassellati</a> (now a Yale professor), <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/aaron-edsinger/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Aaron Edsinger</a> (founder of Meka Robotics and Hello Robot), and <a href="https://www.media.mit.edu/people/cynthiab/overview/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Cynthia Breazeal</a> (now an MIT Media Lab professor). There were no blueprints or schematics. "The robot is just hack on a kludge to a 'temporary solution,' held together with Velcro, 24AWG wire, and solder," the researchers wrote on their website, only half jokingly. Cog was one of the first humanoid robots to use <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/525827" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">series elastic actuators</a>: The motors on the arms were connected to the joints in series with a torsional spring, which protected the gearbox and provided compliance and more safety for people interacting with the arms.</p></div><div class="robot-history__images ruled-md stack"><figure class=""><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/90c199bb6fc0a9e3158d64acd22262cc8c1f63b1-2048x1536.jpg?w=2000&auto=format 2000w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/90c199bb6fc0a9e3158d64acd22262cc8c1f63b1-2048x1536.jpg?w=1400&auto=format 1400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/90c199bb6fc0a9e3158d64acd22262cc8c1f63b1-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&auto=format 900w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/90c199bb6fc0a9e3158d64acd22262cc8c1f63b1-2048x1536.jpg?w=600&auto=format 600w, " sizes=" (max-width: 360px) 300px, (max-width: 480px) 450px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 600px, (max-width: 1440px) 700px, 1000px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/90c199bb6fc0a9e3158d64acd22262cc8c1f63b1-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&auto=format" alt="Multiple exposure photograph of the robot turning a hand crank." loading="lazy" style="aspect-ratio:1.3333333333333333;background-color:#454e87"/><button class="lightbox__open"><svg viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20.8672 9C20.8672 8.65482 20.5874 8.375 20.2422 8.375H14.6172C14.272 8.375 13.9922 8.65482 13.9922 9C13.9922 9.34518 14.272 9.625 14.6172 9.625H19.6172V14.625C19.6172 14.9702 19.897 15.25 20.2422 15.25C20.5874 15.25 20.8672 14.9702 20.8672 14.625V9ZM19.8002 8.55806L11.315 17.0433L12.1988 17.9272L20.6841 9.44194L19.8002 8.55806Z"></path><path d="M8.375 20.2422C8.375 20.5874 8.65482 20.8672 9 20.8672H14.625C14.9702 20.8672 15.25 20.5874 15.25 20.2422C15.25 19.897 14.9702 19.6172 14.625 19.6172H9.625V14.6172C9.625 14.272 9.34518 13.9922 9 13.9922C8.65482 13.9922 8.375 14.272 8.375 14.6172V20.2422ZM9.44194 20.6841L17.9272 12.1988L17.0433 11.315L8.55806 19.8002L9.44194 20.6841Z"></path></svg></button><figcaption><span class="caption">Cog learns to turn a crank.</span><span> </span><span class="credit">Photo: Sam Ogden/Science Source</span></figcaption></figure><figure class=""><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/2d09e4f328be66dd809e0d89e5784ec0261f34b9-2048x1536.jpg?w=2000&auto=format 2000w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/2d09e4f328be66dd809e0d89e5784ec0261f34b9-2048x1536.jpg?w=1400&auto=format 1400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/2d09e4f328be66dd809e0d89e5784ec0261f34b9-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&auto=format 900w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/2d09e4f328be66dd809e0d89e5784ec0261f34b9-2048x1536.jpg?w=600&auto=format 600w, " sizes=" (max-width: 360px) 300px, (max-width: 480px) 450px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 600px, (max-width: 1440px) 700px, 1000px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/2d09e4f328be66dd809e0d89e5784ec0261f34b9-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&auto=format" alt="A humanoid robot manipulates a Slinky." loading="lazy" style="aspect-ratio:1.3333333333333333;background-color:#4e4442"/><button class="lightbox__open"><svg viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20.8672 9C20.8672 8.65482 20.5874 8.375 20.2422 8.375H14.6172C14.272 8.375 13.9922 8.65482 13.9922 9C13.9922 9.34518 14.272 9.625 14.6172 9.625H19.6172V14.625C19.6172 14.9702 19.897 15.25 20.2422 15.25C20.5874 15.25 20.8672 14.9702 20.8672 14.625V9ZM19.8002 8.55806L11.315 17.0433L12.1988 17.9272L20.6841 9.44194L19.8002 8.55806Z"></path><path d="M8.375 20.2422C8.375 20.5874 8.65482 20.8672 9 20.8672H14.625C14.9702 20.8672 15.25 20.5874 15.25 20.2422C15.25 19.897 14.9702 19.6172 14.625 19.6172H9.625V14.6172C9.625 14.272 9.34518 13.9922 9 13.9922C8.65482 13.9922 8.375 14.272 8.375 14.6172V20.2422ZM9.44194 20.6841L17.9272 12.1988L17.0433 11.315L8.55806 19.8002L9.44194 20.6841Z"></path></svg></button><figcaption><span class="caption">Even robots love Slinkys.</span><span> </span><span class="credit">Photo: Peter Menzel/Science Source</span></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="specs ruled-container-md"><h2 class="text-label-s padding-bottom-r">Specs</h2><dl class="switcher"><div class="switcher ruled-md"><div class="ruled-md stack padding-bottom-r"><dt class="visually-hidden">Overview</dt><dd class="text-body-1"><p>Able to recognize objects and reach for a visual target. Equipped with series elastic actuators for safer operation around people.</p></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Status</dt><dd class="text-body-1"><p>Discontinued</p></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Year</dt><dd class="text-body-1"><p>1993</p></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Website</dt><dd class="specs__website-link"><p><a class="arrow-link" data-arrow-direction="up-right" data-arrow-animation="up-right" href="http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-group/cog/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span>ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-group/cog</span></a></p></dd></div><div class="ruled-md stack measures padding-bottom-r"><dt class="text-label-s">Width</dt><dd class="text-headline-m">200 cm</dd><dt class="text-label-s">Height</dt><dd class="text-headline-m">172 cm (including pedestal)</dd></div></div><div class="switcher ruled-md"><div class="ruled-md stack padding-bottom-r"><dt class="text-label-s">Sensors</dt><dd class="text-body-1"><p>Each eye with two cameras (one wide and one narrow field of view), three-axis inertial system, load cells in each joint, optical encoders, array of tactile sensors, two microphones. Various limit switches, pressure sensors, and thermal sensors (to gather proprioceptive data).</p></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Actuators</dt><dd class="text-body-1"><p>Series elastic actuators for the arms and DC gearmotors in the chest.</p></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Degrees of Freedom (DoF)</dt><dd class="text-body-1">22 (Arms: 6 DoF x 2; Torso: 3 DoF; Neck: 4 DoF; Eyes: 3 DoF)</dd></div><div class="ruled-md stack padding-bottom-r"><dt class="text-label-s">Power</dt><dd class="text-body-1"><p>External power supply</p></dd></div></div></dl></div><div class="related ruled-container-md split-switcher"><div class="related-news"><h2 class="text-label-s padding-bottom-m">Related News</h2><div class="stack"><article class="news-teaser"><div class="news-teaser__inner" data-size="small"><div class="news-teaser__image"><img 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srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/c26646a5039fd20e33315eacc7931c43d3e689bd-2048x1536.jpg?w=1400&h=1050&auto=format 1400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/c26646a5039fd20e33315eacc7931c43d3e689bd-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&h=675&auto=format 900w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/c26646a5039fd20e33315eacc7931c43d3e689bd-2048x1536.jpg?w=600&h=450&auto=format 600w, " sizes=" (max-width: 420px) 300px, (max-width: 550px) 450px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 300px, 450px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/c26646a5039fd20e33315eacc7931c43d3e689bd-2048x1536.jpg?w=800&h=600&auto=format" alt="A white humanoid robot stands at a table moving yellow blocks. It's camera vision is displayed on two monitors beside it." loading="lazy" style="aspect-ratio:1.3333333333333333;background-color:#9bc6cf"/></div><div class="robot-teaser__content repel"><a class="breakout-link bullet-link text-headline-m" data-link-style="wrap" href="/robots/arm"><h2 class="text-headline-r">ARM</h2></a><div class="teaser-tags cluster"><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?category=research">Research</a></div></div></div></article><article class="robot-teaser ruled" data-layout="vertical"><div class="robot-teaser__inner padding-bottom-s"><div class="robot-teaser__img"><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/22d747314db30274e58f6411c0e8c5a7d816ec6c-2048x1536.jpg?w=1400&h=1050&auto=format 1400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/22d747314db30274e58f6411c0e8c5a7d816ec6c-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&h=675&auto=format 900w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/22d747314db30274e58f6411c0e8c5a7d816ec6c-2048x1536.jpg?w=600&h=450&auto=format 600w, " sizes=" (max-width: 420px) 300px, (max-width: 550px) 450px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 300px, 450px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/22d747314db30274e58f6411c0e8c5a7d816ec6c-2048x1536.jpg?w=800&h=600&auto=format" alt="A humanoid robot with a white face and shiny green torso and arms holds an orange drill." loading="lazy" style="aspect-ratio:1.3333333333333333;background-color:#4e9891"/></div><div class="robot-teaser__content repel"><a class="breakout-link bullet-link text-headline-m" data-link-style="wrap" href="/robots/armar"><h2 class="text-headline-r">Armar</h2></a><div class="teaser-tags cluster"><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?category=humanoids">Humanoids</a></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ruled-lg"><article class="robot-teaser " data-layout="vertical"><div class="robot-teaser__inner padding-bottom-s"><div class="robot-teaser__img"><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/02a2c2c3f15a300d5d41b6b8aa8e902b5bf25003-2048x1536.jpg?w=1400&h=1050&auto=format 1400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/02a2c2c3f15a300d5d41b6b8aa8e902b5bf25003-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&h=675&auto=format 900w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/02a2c2c3f15a300d5d41b6b8aa8e902b5bf25003-2048x1536.jpg?w=600&h=450&auto=format 600w, " sizes=" (max-width: 420px) 300px, (max-width: 550px) 450px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 300px, 450px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/02a2c2c3f15a300d5d41b6b8aa8e902b5bf25003-2048x1536.jpg?w=800&h=600&auto=format" alt="PR2's white plastic and metal torso holds three stacked sections, the bottom which says PR2 and the top of which has two eye cameras and a black bar with sensors. The robots arms, with gripper end effectors, are posed on it's hips." loading="lazy" style="aspect-ratio:1.3333333333333333;background-color:#727584"/></div><div class="robot-teaser__content repel"><a class="breakout-link bullet-link text-headline-m" data-link-style="wrap" href="/robots/pr2"><h2 class="text-headline-r">PR2</h2></a><div class="teaser-tags cluster"><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?category=research">Research</a></div></div></div></article><article class="robot-teaser ruled" data-layout="vertical"><div class="robot-teaser__inner padding-bottom-s"><div class="robot-teaser__img"><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/02c6d79e9e6ba78931fe362868a5a337e5228c78-2048x1536.jpg?w=1400&h=1050&auto=format 1400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/02c6d79e9e6ba78931fe362868a5a337e5228c78-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&h=675&auto=format 900w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/02c6d79e9e6ba78931fe362868a5a337e5228c78-2048x1536.jpg?w=600&h=450&auto=format 600w, " sizes=" (max-width: 420px) 300px, (max-width: 550px) 450px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 300px, 450px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/02c6d79e9e6ba78931fe362868a5a337e5228c78-2048x1536.jpg?w=800&h=600&auto=format" alt="A shiny blue and silver humanoid with two long arms with silver hands and a four wheeled mobile base holds a newspaper." loading="lazy" style="aspect-ratio:1.3333333333333333;background-color:#27619a"/></div><div class="robot-teaser__content repel"><a class="breakout-link bullet-link text-headline-m" data-link-style="wrap" href="/robots/justin"><h2 class="text-headline-r">Rollin' Justin</h2></a><div class="teaser-tags cluster"><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?category=humanoids">Humanoids</a></div></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer class="site-footer"><div 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The robot's first incarnation was as a 14-DOF upper torso with one arm and a rudimentary visual system. The robot was later upgraded to include two arms, a head, and more sensors. Many graduate students worked on the robot, including "},{"_key":"204cb3c0dfcd","_type":"span","marks":["8f644c168d6b"],"text":"Brian Scassellati"},{"_key":"b03a27736fcb","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" (now a Yale professor), "},{"_key":"7c8be6d42ae2","_type":"span","marks":["160d98f3b287"],"text":"Aaron Edsinger"},{"_key":"5f6df67435a0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" (founder of Meka Robotics and Hello Robot), and "},{"_key":"4871f44224bd","_type":"span","marks":["313a458a2c0e"],"text":"Cynthia Breazeal"},{"_key":"be3ca1af52d4","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" (now an MIT Media Lab professor). There were no blueprints or schematics. \"The robot is just hack on a kludge to a 'temporary solution,' held together with Velcro, 24AWG wire, and solder,\" the researchers wrote on their website, only half jokingly. Cog was one of the first humanoid robots to use "},{"_key":"940d017bcb5e","_type":"span","marks":["68348be23d26"],"text":"series elastic actuators"},{"_key":"67e994e788f8","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":": The motors on the arms were connected to the joints in series with a torsional spring, which protected the gearbox and provided compliance and more safety for people interacting with the arms."}],"markDefs":[{"_key":"b8774ddbc9cf","_type":"link","href":"http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-group/cog/overview.html"},{"_key":"ddd3d2a9a2e7","_type":"link","href":"https://people.csail.mit.edu/brooks/"},{"_key":"8f644c168d6b","_type":"link","href":"https://scazlab.yale.edu/people/brian-scassellati"},{"_key":"160d98f3b287","_type":"link","href":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/aaron-edsinger/"},{"_key":"313a458a2c0e","_type":"link","href":"https://www.media.mit.edu/people/cynthiab/overview/"},{"_key":"68348be23d26","_type":"link","href":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/525827"}],"style":"normal"}],"keyPeople":"Rodney Brooks","didYouKnow":["The name \"Cog\" is a play on the term \"cognition\" and a mechanical cog.","Cog is now retired, residing inside a glass box at the MIT Museum in Cambridge, Mass.","Rodney Brooks has said the main inspiration for building Cog was HAL from the movie \"2001.\""],"relatedArticlesKeywords":["cog","rodney","brooks"],"publishedAt":"May 18, 2018","updatedAt":"December 19, 2023","keywords":["cog","mit","united states","humanoid robots","humanoids","research robots","cognitive science","artificial intelligence","ai","cognition","neuroscience","manipulation","rodney brooks","historical robots","robotics history","robot","robots","robotics","robots guide","ieee robots","science","technology","engineering"],"ratings":{"overall":{"totalOverallRatings":596,"averageOverallRating":3.5503355704697985,"roundedAverageOverallRating":4,"currentOverallRanking":226,"overallRankingDiff":0},"wanted":{"totalWantedRatings":605,"averageWantedRating":58.01652892561984,"roundedAverageWantedRating":58,"currentWantedRanking":226,"wantedRankingDiff":0},"appearance":{"negativeThreeRatings":268,"negativeTwoRatings":121,"negativeOneRatings":213,"neutralRatings":343,"positiveOneRatings":164,"positiveTwoRatings":115,"positiveThreeRatings":309,"totalAppearanceRatings":1533,"averageAppearanceRating":0.04044357469015003,"roundedAverageAppearanceRating":0,"currentAppearanceRanking":33,"previousAppearanceRankings":[35,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,37,36,36,36,36,36,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,33,33,33,34,34,33,33,33,33,33,34,34,34,34,33,33,33,33,33,33,34,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33,33],"appearanceRankingDiff":0,"mostFrequentAppearanceRating":0}},"socialShareImage":{"asset":{"_type":"reference","_ref":"image-83e61660f6e2102644a16175346e199a4f66f832-1200x630-jpg"},"alt":"A human shaped robot with exposed electronics looks at it's fingers, which are pushed together to form an O."},"relatedRobots":[{"_id":"robot_arm","name":"ARM","nickname":"arm","blurb":"A two-armed robot designed to perform complex manipulation tasks","thumbnail":{"caption":null,"credit":"Photo: DARPA","alt":"Close up of a humanoid robot looking at a yellow block held in its grip.","url":"https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/e26ddcaa7873b1c5530bd8c7b40cb5d1e4fa1bda-500x500.jpg","asset":{"_type":"reference","_ref":"image-e26ddcaa7873b1c5530bd8c7b40cb5d1e4fa1bda-500x500-jpg"},"hotspot":null,"crop":null,"dimensions":{"aspectRatio":1,"height":500,"width":500},"palette":{"dominant":{"background":"#b0a12a","foreground":"#000"}}},"categories":[{"_type":"category","_id":"category_research","name":"Research","displayName":"Research Robots","slug":"research"},{"_type":"category","_id":"category_military--security","name":"Military \u0026 Security","displayName":"Military \u0026 Security Robots","slug":"military-and-security"}],"primaryImage":{"caption":"ARM is a very manipulative robot.","credit":"Photo: DARPA","alt":"A white humanoid robot stands at a table moving yellow blocks. 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