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from <a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-4_IVC&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 IVC">MPEG-4 IVC</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Video coding standard</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the IETF Internet Video Codec working group, see <a href="/wiki/NETVC" title="NETVC">NETVC</a>.</div> <p><b>Internet Video Coding</b> (ISO/IEC 14496-33, <b>MPEG-4 IVC</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Video_coding_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Video coding standard">video coding standard</a>. IVC was created by <a href="/wiki/MPEG" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a>, and was intended to be a royalty-free video coding standard for use on the Internet, as an alternative to non-free formats such as <a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">AVC</a> and <a href="/wiki/HEVC" class="mw-redirect" title="HEVC">HEVC</a>. As such, IVC was designed to only use (mostly old) coding techniques which were not covered by royalty-requiring patents. </p><p>According to a blog post by MPEG founder and chairman <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Chiariglione" title="Leonardo Chiariglione">Leonardo Chiariglione</a> in 2018, "IVC is practically dead." He said that three companies had made statements equivalent to "I may have <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patents</a> and I am willing to license them at <a href="/wiki/FRAND" class="mw-redirect" title="FRAND">FRAND</a> terms" covering IVC, meaning that implementations might have to pay money to the companies.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These statements meant that IVC was not clearly a royalty-free video coding format; those companies would need to be contacted to determine whether they had essential patents and to determine the terms for their use –  which might involve the payment of some fees. </p><p>The ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC patent policy defines three types of patent licensing. The goal for IVC was to only use techniques patented under type 1 (royalty-free), while the three companies said they may have patents under type 2 (possibly requiring royalty payments). The text of the code of practice is as follows: </p> <blockquote><p>2.1 The patent holder is willing to negotiate licences free of charge with other parties on a non-discriminatory basis on reasonable terms and conditions. Such negotiations are left to the parties concerned and are performed outside ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC. </p><p>2.2 The patent holder is willing to negotiate licences with other parties on a non-discriminatory basis on reasonable terms and conditions. Such negotiations are left to the parties concerned and are performed outside ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC. </p><p> 2.3 The patent holder is not willing to comply with the provisions of either paragraph 2.1 or paragraph 2.2; in such case, the Recommendation | Deliverable shall not include provisions depending on the patent.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MPEG issued a Call for Proposals in July 2011 for royalty-free video coding formats. Three proposals were received: </p> <ul><li>Web Video Coding (WVC), proposed jointly by Apple, Cisco, Fraunhofer HHI, Magnum Semiconductors, Polycom, RIM, etc.. Web Video Coding was another name for the Constrained <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 AVC">MPEG-4 AVC</a> baseline profile.<sup id="cite_ref-xplore_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xplore-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Video Coding for Browsers (VCB), proposed by Google and identical to Google's <a href="/wiki/VP8" title="VP8">VP8</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-xplore_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xplore-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Internet Video Coding (IVC), proposed by several universities (Peking University, Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University, Hanyang University, Korea Aerospace University, etc.), and developed from scratch.<sup id="cite_ref-xplore_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xplore-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Web Video Coding did not have a guarantee from all patent holders that the patents covering Web Video Coding would be licensed royalty-free.<sup id="cite_ref-xplore_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xplore-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IVC's compression performance was reported to be better than that of WVC and VCB, and IVC was approved as ISO/IEC 14496–33 in June 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-xplore_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xplore-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Video_Codec" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Video Codec">Internet Video Codec</a> (NETVC): project by <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a> that had similar goals to IVC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOMedia_Video_1" class="mw-redirect" title="AOMedia Video 1">AOMedia Video 1</a> (AV1) from the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Open_Media" title="Alliance for Open Media">Alliance for Open Media</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeonardo_Chiariglione2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Chiariglione" title="Leonardo Chiariglione">Leonardo Chiariglione</a> (January 28, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.chiariglione.org/a-crisis-the-causes-and-a-solution/">"A crisis, the causes and a solution"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+crisis%2C+the+causes+and+a+solution&rft.date=2018-01-28&rft.au=Leonardo+Chiariglione&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.chiariglione.org%2Fa-crisis-the-causes-and-a-solution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Video+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iec.ch/members_experts/tools/patents/patent_policy.htm">"IEC - Members & experts > Info: Patents > IEC Patent Declarations > Common patent policy for ITU-T / ITU-R / ISO / IEC"</a>. <i>www.iec.ch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iec.ch&rft.atitle=IEC+-+Members+%26+experts+%3E+Info%3A+Patents+%3E+IEC+Patent+Declarations+%3E+Common+patent+policy+for+ITU-T+%2F+ITU-R+%2F+ISO+%2F+IEC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iec.ch%2Fmembers_experts%2Ftools%2Fpatents%2Fpatent_policy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Video+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xplore-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-xplore_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xplore_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xplore_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xplore_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xplore_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWangWangFanHuang2018" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Ronggang; Wang, Zhenyu; Fan, Kui; Huang, Tiejun; Wang, Wenmin; Li, Ge; Gao, Wen (2018). "MPEG Internet Video Coding Standard and its Performance Evaluation". <i>IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology</i>. <b>28</b> (3). IEEE Xplore: 719–733. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTCSVT.2016.2631249">10.1109/TCSVT.2016.2631249</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3703279">3703279</a>.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/Template:MPEG" title="Template:MPEG"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MPEG" title="Template talk:MPEG"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MPEG" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MPEG"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="MPEG_(Moving_Picture_Experts_Group)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:115%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-3" title="MPEG-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">A</a></li> <li>B</li> <li>C</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">D</a></li> <li>E</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">G</a></li> <li>V</li> <li>M</li> <li>U</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">H</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-I (page does not exist)">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-5" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-5">5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-1 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Part 1: Systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">Program stream</a></li></ul></li> <li>Part 2: Video <ul><li>based on <a href="/wiki/H.261" title="H.261">H.261</a></li></ul></li> <li>Part 3: Audio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">Layer III</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-2 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Part 1: Systems (H.222.0) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">Transport stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">Program stream</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">Part 2: Video (H.262)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2_Part_3" title="MPEG-2 Part 3">Part 3: Audio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2_Audio_Layer_II" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-2 Audio Layer II">Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">Layer III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">MPEG Multichannel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSM_CC" title="DSM CC">Part 6: DSM CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">Part 7: Advanced Audio Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-4 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">Part 2: Video</a> <ul><li>based on <a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">Part 3: Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">Part 6: DMIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">Part 10: Advanced Video Coding (H.264)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">Part 11: Scene description</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">Part 12: ISO base media file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 14">Part 14: MP4 file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_17" title="MPEG-4 Part 17">Part 17: Streaming text format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_20" title="MPEG-4 Part 20">Part 20: LASeR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Font_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Font Format">Part 22: Open Font Format</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Part 33: Internet Video Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-7 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Description_Definition_Language" title="Description Definition Language">Part 2: Description definition language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-21 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Item" title="Digital Item">Parts 2, 3 and 9: Digital Item</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_Expression_Language" title="Rights Expression Language">Part 5: Rights Expression Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-D Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Surround" title="MPEG Surround">Part 1: MPEG Surround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Speech_and_Audio_Coding" title="Unified Speech and Audio Coding">Part 3: Unified Speech and Audio Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-G Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 1: Transport and Storage of Genomic Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 2: Coding of Genomic Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 3: APIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 4: Reference Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 5: Conformance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-H Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_media_transport" title="MPEG media transport">Part 1: MPEG media transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">Part 2: High Efficiency Video Coding (H.265)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">Part 3: MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">Part 12: High Efficiency Image File Format</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-I Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">Part 3: Versatile Video Coding (H.266)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-5 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">Part 1: Essential Video Coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">Part 2: Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">MPEG-DASH</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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