CINXE.COM

Ион — Уикипедия

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="kk" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ион — Уикипедия</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )kkwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"ymd","wgMonthNames":["","қаңтар","ақпан","наурыз","сәуір","мамыр","маусым","шілде","тамыз","қыркүйек","қазан","қараша","желтоқсан"],"wgRequestId":"a8f72ff4-aeb2-4fab-89a4-651f8d576a60","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ион","wgTitle":"Ион","wgCurRevisionId":3282290,"wgRevisionId":3282290,"wgArticleId":66399,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view", "wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["ISBN сиқырлы сілтемелері қолданылған беттер","Уикилендіруі қажет мақалалар","Геология бойынша аяқталмаған мақалалар","Плазмалық физика","Иондар"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"kk","wgPageContentLanguage":"kk","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ион","wgRelevantArticleId":66399,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"kk","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"kk"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":7000, "wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":true,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":false,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q36496","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.0"};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.FreezeTopRow":"ready","ext.gadget.VectorClassic":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","codex-search-styles":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.gadget.edittop","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.QuestionForm","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.compactlinks","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=kk&amp;modules=codex-search-styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=kk&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=kk&amp;modules=ext.gadget.FreezeTopRow%2CVectorClassic&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=kk&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Pyrimidinium_ion.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1002"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Pyrimidinium_ion.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="668"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="535"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ион — Уикипедия"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//kk.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Өңдеу" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Уикипедия (kk)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.kk"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Уикипедия Atom желісі" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D1%83%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ион rootpage-Ион skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eжабу\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"kk\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"width: 100% ! important; border: solid 1px lightblue; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EҚұрметті оқырман, қазақша Уикипедияның \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Telegram\" title=\"Уикипедия:Telegram\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Telegram_logo.svg/25px-Telegram_logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Telegram_logo.svg/38px-Telegram_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Telegram_logo.svg/50px-Telegram_logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Telegram\" title=\"Уикипедия:Telegram\"\u003ETelegram арнасына\u003C/a\u003E жазыла аласыз\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ион</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Уикипедия — ашық энциклопедиясынан алынған мәлімет</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Навигацияға өту</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Іздеуге өту</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="kk" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Pyrimidinium_ion.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pyrimidinium_ion.png/200px-Pyrimidinium_ion.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pyrimidinium_ion.png/300px-Pyrimidinium_ion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pyrimidinium_ion.png/400px-Pyrimidinium_ion.png 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><p><b>Ион</b> (грек. iоn – жүріп келе жатқан) — кристалдардың дербес бөлігі ретінде немесе ерітінді құрамында, кейде <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ">газ</a> түрінде ұшырасатын оң (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Катион">катион</a>) немесе теріс (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Анион">анион</a>) зарядталған <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом">атом</a> (кешенді ион, яғни атомдар тобы). </p><p>Иондар – <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом">атомдар</a> немесе химиялық байланысқан атомдар тобы электрондарын жоғалтып немесе сырттан электрондар қосып алғанда пайда болатын электрлік зарядталған бөлшектер. «Иондар» терминін 1834 ж. ағылшын физигі <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journal.pspu.ru/articles/25-opyt-m-faradeya">М.Фарадей</a> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121212170045/http://journal.pspu.ru/articles/25-opyt-m-faradeya">Мұрағатталған</a> 12&#160;желтоқсанның 2012&#160;жылы.</small> (1791 – 1867) енгізген. Бөлшектерден электрондарды бөліп алу энергия шығынын қажет етеді, бұл энергия шығыны иондалу потенциалы деп аталады, ал электрондар қосылғанда энергия бөлінеді. Оң зарядты Индарды катиондар, ал теріс зарядты Иондарды аниондар деп атайды. Иондар газдарда молекулалардың (атомдардың) энергиясы жоғары бөлшектермен соқтығысуы кезінде (фотоиондалу кезінде), иондауыш сәулелер әсерінен не күшті электр өрісінің әсерінен, ал ерітінділерде еріген заттың диссоциациялануынан пайда болады. Сілтілік және сілтілік-жер металдары катиондарын биологиялық мембраналар арқылы тасымалдайтын органик. заттарды ионофорлар деп атайды. Ионофорлар биохимияда Иондардың тасымалдануын реттейді. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия">Химияда</a> Иондар экстракциялауда, мембраналық катализде, техникада электрод жасауда қолданылады. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="kk" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Мазмұны</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Ионданғыштық_потенциалы"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Ионданғыштық потенциалы</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Иондану"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Иондану</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Иондану_потенциалы"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Иондану потенциалы</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Иондану_жұмысы"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Иондану жұмысы</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Иондық_потенциал"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Иондық потенциал</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Иондық_тор"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Иондық тор</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Иондық-тұздық_кешен"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Иондық-тұздық кешен</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Дереккөздер"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Дереккөздер</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ионданғыштық_потенциалы"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.BD.D2.93.D1.8B.D1.88.D1.82.D1.8B.D2.9B_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8B"></span>Ионданғыштық потенциалы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Ионданғыштық потенциалы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Ионданғыштық потенциалы"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Иондану потенциалы мөлшерінің ион радиусы мөлшеріне қатынасымен өлшенетін ион төңірегіндегі <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%88%D1%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Өріс күші (мұндай бет жоқ)">өріс күші</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иондану"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.83"></span>Иондану</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Иондану" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Иондану"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Электрлік бейтарап атомдар мен молекулалардың оң және теріс зарядталған иондарға айналу процесі; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия">химиялық</a> әрекеттесу барысында, заттарды қыздырған жағдайда, күшті электр өрістері, жарық сәулелері немесе басқа да сәулелер осерінен жүзеге асады. Заттар өздерінің үш түрлі жағдайында да, яғни қатты, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Сұйық">сұйық</a> және <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ">газ</a> күйінде иондана алады. Заттардың иондану дәрежесі олардың табиғатына, температурасына, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Сәуле">сәулелер</a> түріндегі энергия мөлшеріне және т.б. жайттарға байланысты. Радиометрлік аспаптардың көпшілігі затгардың нақ осы иондану қабілетіне негізделіп жасалған. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Иондану_потенциалы"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.83_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8B"></span>Иондану потенциалы</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Иондану потенциалы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Иондану потенциалы"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Бейтарап атом құрамынан бір немесе бірнеше электрондарды жұлып алуға, сөйтіп оны оң зарядталған ионға яки катионға айналдыруға жеткілікті <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энергия">энергия</a> мөлшері. Заттардың электронды қабаттарының құрылыс ерекшелікгерін ескере отырып, бір-бірімен байланыстағы атомдардың иондану потенциалын өзара салыстыру осы заттарға тән химиялық байланыстар табиғатын шамалауға мүмкіндік береді. Иондану потенциалы түсінігін ионданғыштық потенциалы және иондық потенциал түсініктерімен шатастыруға болмайды. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иондану_жұмысы"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.83_.D0.B6.D2.B1.D0.BC.D1.8B.D1.81.D1.8B"></span>Иондану жұмысы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Иондану жұмысы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Иондану жұмысы"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Иондану жұмысы - электронды атомнан немесе молекуладан оның олармен өзара әсерін есепке алмауға болатын кашыктыққа бөліп шығаруға жұмсалатын энергия.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иондық_потенциал"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B4.D1.8B.D2.9B_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB"></span>Иондық потенциал</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Иондық потенциал" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Иондық потенциал"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ион заряды мөлшерінің ион <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Радиус">радиусы</a> мөлшеріне қатынасымен өлшенетін ион төңірегіндегі <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%A8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%88%D1%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Өріс күші (мұндай бет жоқ)">өріс күші</a>. Бұл көрсеткіш иондардың кристалдық тор немесе ерітінді өңірінде бір-бірімен қарым-қатынасын сипаттауға пайдаланылады. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иондық_тор"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B4.D1.8B.D2.9B_.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80"></span>Иондық тор</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Иондық тор" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Иондық тор"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Кристаллография да: құрамбөліктері бір-бірімен иондық байланыстағы атомдардан тұратын кристалдық тор. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иондық-тұздық_кешен"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B4.D1.8B.D2.9B-.D1.82.D2.B1.D0.B7.D0.B4.D1.8B.D2.9B_.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.88.D0.B5.D0.BD"></span>Иондық-тұздық кешен</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Иондық-тұздық кешен" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Иондық-тұздық кешен"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Таужыныстардың ішінде су ерітіндісі және <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Қатты фаза (мұндай бет жоқ)">қатты фаза</a> түрінде болатын суда ерігіш <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Тұз">тұздар</a> мен адсорбталған иондардың қосындысы.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дереккөздер"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BA.D3.A9.D0.B7.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Дереккөздер</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Дереккөздер" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Дереккөздер"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Орысша-қазақша түсіндірме сөздік: Физика / Жалпы редакциясын басқарған э.ғ.д,, профессор Е. Арын – Павлодар: С. Торайғыров атындағы Павлодар мемлекеттік университеті, 2006. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9965808880" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9965-808-88-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Қазақ тілі терминдерінің салалық ғылыми түсіндірме сөздігі: Геология— Алматы: "Мектеп" баспасы", 2003.ӀSВN 5-7667-8188-1 ӀSВN 9965-16-512-2</span> </li> </ol> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/40px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/60px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/80px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Бұл мақаланы Уикипедия <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%96" title="Уикипедия:Уикидің негізгі синтаксисі">сапа талаптарына</a> лайықты болуы үшін <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83" title="Уикипедия:Уикилендіру">уикилендіру</a> қажет.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table style="background:none; color:inherit; text-align:left; padding: 2px 0" class="metadata"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:4px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Geology_stub.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Геология"><img alt="Геология" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Geology_stub.svg/40px-Geology_stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Geology_stub.svg/60px-Geology_stub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Geology_stub.svg/80px-Geology_stub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><span style="white-space:nowrap">Бұл —&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология">геология</a> бойынша мақаланың <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Уикипедия:Мақалаға бастама">бастамасы</a>.</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><br />Бұл мақаланы <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit">толықтырып, дамыту</a></span> арқылы, Уикипедияға <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D3%A9%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Уикипедия:Мақаланы қалай өңдеу керек">көмектесе</a> аласыз.</span></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐84d8f4b96‐4v4cs Cached time: 20241118020030 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.052 seconds Real time usage: 0.076 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 150/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4233/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 236/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1343/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.014/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 813766/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 47.870 1 -total 75.38% 36.084 1 Үлгі:Wikify 71.59% 34.271 1 Үлгі:Ambox 10.02% 4.795 1 Үлгі:Geology-stub 4.91% 2.351 1 Үлгі:Stub-meta 4.35% 2.084 1 Үлгі:Webarchive --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key kkwiki:pcache:idhash:66399-0!canonical and timestamp 20241118020030 and revision id 3282290. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ион&amp;oldid=3282290">https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ион&amp;oldid=3282290</a>» бетінен алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Арнайы:Санаттар">Санаттар</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Санат:Плазмалық физика (мұндай бет жоқ)">Плазмалық физика</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Иондар">Иондар</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Жасырын санат: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:ISBN_%D1%81%D0%B8%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Санат:ISBN сиқырлы сілтемелері қолданылған беттер">ISBN сиқырлы сілтемелері қолданылған беттер</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Уикилендіруі қажет мақалалар">Уикилендіруі қажет мақалалар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%8F%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Геология бойынша аяқталмаған мақалалар">Геология бойынша аяқталмаған мақалалар</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Навигация мәзірі</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Жеке құралдар</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="Бұл IP мекенжайдың жеке беті">Кірмегенсіз</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжай өңдемелерін талқылау [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Талқылау</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжаймен жасаған өңдемелер тізімі [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Үлесім</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96&amp;returnto=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Біз сізге есептік жазба бастауды және кіруді ұсынамыз,ол міндетті емес."><span>Тіркелу</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96&amp;returnto=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кіруіңізді ұсынамыз, ол міндетті емес. [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Кіру</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Ат кеңістіктері</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мазмұн бетін көру [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Бет</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83:%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Мағлұмат бетті талқылау (мұндай бет жоқ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Талқылау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <label id="p-variants-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">kk</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Көріністер</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD"><span>Оқу</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit" title="Бұл бетті өңдеу [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Өңдеу</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit" title="Бұл беттің қайнар мәтінін өңдеу [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Қайнарын өңдеу</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=history" title="Бұл беттін соңғы нұсқалары. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Өңделу тарихы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-cactions" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-cactions-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" > <label id="p-cactions-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Тағы</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <h3 >Іздеу</h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="vector-search-box-form"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="vector-search-box-inner" data-search-loc="header-navigation"> <input class="vector-search-box-input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Уикипедия жобасынан іздеу" aria-label="Уикипедия жобасынан іздеу" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Уикипедия жобасында іздеу [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Арнайы:Іздеу"> <input id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="Осы мәтіні бар бетті іздеу" value="Іздеу"> <input id="searchButton" class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Егер дәл осы атауымен болса бетке өтіп кету" value="Өту"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel" class="vector-legacy-sidebar"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Басты бетті көру"></a> </div> <nav id="p-navigation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Шарлау</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Басты бетті көру [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Басты бет</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Жоба туралы, мұнда немен айналысуға болатыны туралы, қай жерде не бары туралы"><span>Қауымдастық порталы</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D1%83%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Осы уикидегі жуықтағы өзгерістер тізімі. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Жуықтағы өзгерістер</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Соңғы бір айдағы басталған беттер тізімі, есім кеңістігі бойынша сүзгілеп көре аласыз."><span>Жаңа беттер</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%9B" title="Кездейсоқ бет жүктеу [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Кездейсоқ бет</span></a></li><li id="n-videolesson" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Уикипедияны үйренуге қатысты YouTube-тағы видео сабақтар"><span>Видео сабақтар</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Анықтама табу орны."><span>Анықтама</span></a></li><li id="n-forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Уикипедия қатысушыларының форумы."><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-general-discussion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Flow жұмыс легінде жұмыс істейтін Уикипедияның негізгі талқылау беті [4]" accesskey="4"><span>Талқылау легі</span></a></li><li id="n-telegram" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Telegram" title="Қазақша Уикипедияға қатысты ең маңызды жаңалықтар мен мақалалар"><span>Телеграм арна</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Бұл беттегі қатені хабарлау"><span>Қателер туралы хабарлау</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_kk.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=kk" title="Демеу беріңіз"><span>Демеу беру</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-tb" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" > <h3 id="p-tb-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Құралдар</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9C%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мұнда сілтейтін барлық бет тізімі [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Мұнда сілтейтін беттер</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" rel="nofollow" title="Осы жерден сілтенген беттердің жуықтағы өзгерістері [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Қатысты өзгерістер</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Барлық арнайы беттер тізімі [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Арнайы беттер</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;oldid=3282290" title="Мына беттің осы нұсқасының тұрақты сілтемесі"><span>Тұрақты сілтеме</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=info" title="Бұл бет туралы көбірек мәлімет"><span>Бет ақпараты</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:CiteThisPage&amp;page=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;id=3282290&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Бұл беттен қалай дәйексөз алуға болатыны туралы мәлімет"><span>Беттен дәйексөз алу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fkk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2598%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD"><span>URL мекенжайын қысқарту</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fkk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2598%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD"><span>QR код жүктеу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading-label" > <h3 id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Баспа/экспорт</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ретінде жүктеп алу</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Бұл беттің басып шығаруға арналған нұсқасы [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Басып шығару нұсқасы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Басқа жобаларда</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ions" hreflang="en"><span>Ортаққор</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36496" title="Сілтеме дерек қойма данасымен байланысқан [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Уикидерек элементі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Басқа тілдерде</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioon" title="Ioon – африкаанс тілі" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ioon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="أيون – араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – астурия тілі" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0on" title="İon – әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="یون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyono" title="Iyono – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Iyono" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Іон – беларусь тілі" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Іён – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Іён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Йон – болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="আয়ন – бенгал тілі" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আয়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – бретон тілі" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – босния тілі" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3_(%C3%A0tom)" title="Ió (àtom) – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ió (àtom)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AA-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Liê-cṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Liê-cṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_(pisika)" title="Ion (pisika) – себуано тілі" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ion (pisika)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86" title="ئایۆن – сорани тілі" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئایۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="сорани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион – чуваш тілі" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ион" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Fon" title="Ïon – валлий тілі" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ïon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлий тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – дат тілі" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дат тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Ιόν – грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jono" title="Jono – эсперанто тілі" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioon" title="Ioon – эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioi" title="Ioi – баск тілі" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ioi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="یون – парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioni" title="Ioni – фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ioni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3n_(evnafr%C3%B8%C3%B0i)" title="Jón (evnafrøði) – фарер тілі" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jón (evnafrøði)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарер тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – солтүстік фриз тілі" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="солтүстік фриз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian" title="Ian – ирланд тілі" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ian" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3n" title="Ión – галисия тілі" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eeane" title="Eeane – мэн тілі" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Eeane" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэн тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="יון – иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="आयन – хинди тілі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आयन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyon" title="Iyon – гаити тілі" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Iyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаити тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Իոն – армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – интерлингва тілі" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iono" title="Iono – идо тілі" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Iono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3n_(efnafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Jón (efnafræði) – исланд тілі" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jón (efnafræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ione" title="Ione – итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="イオン (化学) – жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イオン (化学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – ява тілі" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ява тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="იონი – грузин тілі" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81" title="ಅಯಾನು – каннада тілі" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಯಾನು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8" title="이온 – корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이온" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eyon" title="Îyon – күрд тілі" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îyon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="күрд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Иондор – қырғыз тілі" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иондор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қырғыз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – латын тілі" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – лимбург тілі" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jun" title="Jun – Ломбард" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Jun" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Ломбард" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_(dalel%C4%97)" title="Jonas (dalelė) – литва тілі" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jonas (dalelė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jons" title="Jons – латыш тілі" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio" title="Rio – малагаси тілі" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rio" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагаси тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Јон – македон тілі" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="അയോൺ – малаялам тілі" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അയോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион – моңғол тілі" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ион" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="моңғол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="आयन – маратхи тілі" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आयन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="အိုင်ယွန် – бирма тілі" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုင်ယွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – төменгі неміс тілі" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="төменгі неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="आयन – непал тілі" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आयन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_(deeltje)" title="Ion (deeltje) – нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ion (deeltje)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – норвегиялық букмол тілі" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық букмол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ione" title="Ione – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Ione" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – окситан тілі" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayoonii" title="Ayoonii – оромо тілі" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ayoonii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион – осетин тілі" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ион" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8" title="ਆਇਨ – пенджаб тілі" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਇਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджаб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon" title="Jon – поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%86" title="آئن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Don" title="Íon – португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Íon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyun" title="Iyun – кечуа тілі" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iyun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион – орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ион" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Йон – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Йон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион – саха тілі" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ион" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioni" title="Ioni – сицилия тілі" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%86" title="آئن – синдхи тілі" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آئن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon" title="Jon – серб-хорват тілі" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1" title="අයන – сингал тілі" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අයන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3n_(%C4%8Dastica)" title="Ión (častica) – словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ión (častica)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonda" title="Nonda – шона тілі" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nonda" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joni" title="Joni – албан тілі" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Joni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Јон – серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – сундан тілі" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon" title="Jon – швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioni" title="Ioni – суахили тілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ioni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Dn" title="Jōn – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jōn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="அயனி – тамил тілі" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அயனி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="అయాన్ – телугу тілі" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అయాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион – тәжік тілі" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ион" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="тәжік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ไอออน – тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอออน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0yon" title="İyon – түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Іон – украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86" title="آئون – урду тілі" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – өзбек тілі" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yion" title="Yion – волапюк тілі" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Yion" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iono" title="Iono – варай тілі" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Iono" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子 – қытай тілі (У)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="离子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі (У)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B3n%C3%AC" title="Íónì – йоруба тілі" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Íónì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子 – қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="离子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" title="離子 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="離子" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%AB-ch%C3%BA" title="Lī-chú – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lī-chú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" title="離子 – кантон тілі" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="離子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isihonyo" title="Isihonyo – зулу тілі" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isihonyo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36496#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Тіларалық сілтемелерді өңдеу" class="wbc-editpage">Сілтемелерді өңдеу</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Бұл беттің соңғы рет өзгертілген кезі: 2024 ж. ақпанның 15, 23:19.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Мәтін <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike лицензиясы</a> аясында қолжетімді; қосымша шарттар қолданылуы мүмкін. Бұл сайтты қолдану арқылы <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Қолдану шарты</a> және <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Құпиялық саясатымен</a> келісесіз. Wikipedia® <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a> коммерциялық емес ұйымының тіркелген сауда маркасы.<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Құпиялық саясаты</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B">Уикипедия туралы</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83">Жауапкершіліктен бас тарту</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Тәртіп кодексі</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Әзірлеушілер</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/kk.wikipedia.org">Статистикалар</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie мәлімдемесі</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//kk.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Мобильді көрініс</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("This page is using the deprecated ResourceLoader module \"codex-search-styles\".\n[1.43] Use a CodexModule with codexComponents to set your specific components used: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Codex#Using_a_limited_subset_of_components");mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-h2npf","wgBackendResponseTime":154,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.052","walltime":"0.076","ppvisitednodes":{"value":150,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":4233,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":236,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":7,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1343,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 47.870 1 -total"," 75.38% 36.084 1 Үлгі:Wikify"," 71.59% 34.271 1 Үлгі:Ambox"," 10.02% 4.795 1 Үлгі:Geology-stub"," 4.91% 2.351 1 Үлгі:Stub-meta"," 4.35% 2.084 1 Үлгі:Webarchive"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.014","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":813766,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-84d8f4b96-4v4cs","timestamp":"20241118020030","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0418\u043e\u043d","url":"https:\/\/kk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q36496","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q36496","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-07-01T09:41:51Z","dateModified":"2024-02-15T18:19:52Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b4\/Pyrimidinium_ion.png"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10