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user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-中国奴婢制度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中国奴婢制度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>中国奴婢制度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中国奴婢制度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-香港奴婢制度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#香港奴婢制度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>香港奴婢制度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-香港奴婢制度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本奴婢制度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本奴婢制度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>日本奴婢制度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本奴婢制度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-朝鮮奴婢制度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#朝鮮奴婢制度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>朝鮮奴婢制度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-朝鮮奴婢制度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-臺灣奴婢制度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臺灣奴婢制度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>臺灣奴婢制度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-臺灣奴婢制度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-另見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#另見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>另見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-另見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>注釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">奴婢</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。9种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobi" title="Nobi – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nobi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobi" title="Nobi – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nobi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobi_(Cor%C3%A9e)" title="Nobi (Corée) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nobi (Corée)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%AB" title="Նոբի – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նոբի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" title="奴婢 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="奴婢" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B9%84" title="노비 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobi" title="Nobi – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nobi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobi" title="Nobi – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nobi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Ноби – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ноби" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1146808#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" 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href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Lady_Wang,_Governor%27s_Wife_05_2013-12.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Portrait_of_Lady_Wang%2C_Governor%27s_Wife_05_2013-12.JPG/280px-Portrait_of_Lady_Wang%2C_Governor%27s_Wife_05_2013-12.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Portrait_of_Lady_Wang%2C_Governor%27s_Wife_05_2013-12.JPG/420px-Portrait_of_Lady_Wang%2C_Governor%27s_Wife_05_2013-12.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Portrait_of_Lady_Wang%2C_Governor%27s_Wife_05_2013-12.JPG/560px-Portrait_of_Lady_Wang%2C_Governor%27s_Wife_05_2013-12.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>唐代<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%9D_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="天宝 (唐朝)">天宝</a>年间婢女装束，敦煌莫高窟第130窟壁画《<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E7%9D%A3%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E7%8E%8B%E6%B0%8F%E7%A4%BC%E4%BD%9B%E5%9B%BE" title="都督夫人太原王氏礼佛图">都督夫人太原王氏礼佛图</a>》局部</figcaption></figure> <p><b>奴婢</b>是東亚<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%B6" title="律令制">律令制</a>下与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%AF%E6%B0%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="良民（页面不存在）">良民</a>相对的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B1%E6%B0%91" title="贱民">贱民</a>的一種，是指受特定主人役使者。奴是男性，婢是女性。奴婢没有选擇住处与职业的权利，他们可以被買賣，不可逃走，但主子也可能釋放他们。奴婢法律上介于人与物之间。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中国奴婢制度"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9B.BD.E5.A5.B4.E5.A9.A2.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6"></span>中国奴婢制度</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：中国奴婢制度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85099211">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AB%E9%AC%9F" title="丫鬟">丫鬟</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%8D%E8%93%84%E5%A9%A2%E6%9C%83" title="反對蓄婢會">反對蓄婢會</a></div> <p>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="說文解字">說文解字</a>》：「婢：女者卑也」；「古代稱罪人的男女家屬沒入官中為奴者」，即「男為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="奴">奴</a>，女為婢」<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A3%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="佣人">傭人</a>身份的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8D%E5%A5%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="侍女">侍女</a>通常是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%91" title="平民">平民</a>出身，而賣身為婢的侍婢則是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%A4%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="賤民">賤民</a>階級；當一個女性成為侍女後，主人往往會替她取一個新<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="名字">名字</a>。家庭生活中，与男主人有性关系的婢女则被称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%A2%E5%A6%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="婢妾">婢妾</a>。 </p><p>中国奴婢制度在秦汉时代已有，战争俘虏、犯重罪的人会没为官奴，在官宮工場与皇家<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%9E%97%E8%8B%91" title="上林苑">上林苑</a>服役。私奴婢是破产农民投入豪強手下產生，成為私奴婢者，主人往往會為他們取新名字，稱為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奴婢名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slave name"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奴婢名（页面不存在）">奴婢名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_name" class="extiw" title="en:Slave name"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slave name</span></a></span>）</span></span>，以示卑屈、順從，當服侍的主人更改時，新的主人有權更改其名字。如《紅樓夢》的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%B2%E4%BA%BA" title="襲人">花襲人</a>，本名花珍珠，原是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E6%AF%8D" title="賈母">賈母</a>的侍婢，後來送給<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E5%AF%B6%E7%8E%89" title="賈寶玉">賈寶玉</a>，賈寶玉就為她取名「襲人」。 </p><p>秦汉以来，贵族、富裕家庭在女儿出嫁时以奴隶、仆役<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%AA%E5%AB%81" class="mw-redirect" title="陪嫁">陪嫁</a>亦是习俗。至明清时，丈夫以妻子的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%AA%E5%AB%81%E5%A9%A2%E5%A5%B3" title="陪嫁婢女">陪嫁婢女</a>为妾（婢妾、媵妾），在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%B5%99" title="江浙">江浙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="福建">福建</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="广东">广东</a>等地已是约定俗成的事情<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:135</sup>。 </p><p>在律令制前主人杀奴隶没罪<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但唐朝後期有著名女詩人<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E7%8E%84%E6%A9%9F" title="魚玄機">魚玄機</a>因殺害婢女，就被判處死刑處死，可見奴婢得到較多保障。之后主人不可再私自处罚（不可擅自<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%A5%E9%9D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="黥面">黥面</a>）。宋代漸以僱傭制取締<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但元代滅金的過程掠民為奴相當嚴重，被掠之金人稱之為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%85%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="驅口（页面不存在）">驅口</a>，又稱之為官戶或監戶，而蒙古帝國最大驅口來源為室韋部的世仇<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%91%E5%85%92%E4%B9%9E" title="蔑兒乞">蔑兒乞</a>人，明清之后私奴婢制逐漸废止<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，有些轉為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E5%B7%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="長工（页面不存在）">長工</a>，到19纪世纪还有<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E5%8A%9B" title="苦力">苦力</a>制。 </p><p>宋代，主人稱女婢「丫頭」，一般人稱未婚女婢為「妮」「小妮子」「小鬟」。奴僕們稱男主人「郎君」，女主人「娘」，稱未婚的主家小姐「小娘子」。官員一般稱家奴為「院子」，稱主管雜事的僕人（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E5%AE%B6" title="管家">管家</a>）為「內知」或「宅老」。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年上海發生黎王氏案，兩江總督南洋大臣<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E9%A6%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="周馥">周馥</a>上「禁革買賣人口折」，修律大臣<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E5%AE%B6%E6%9C%AC" title="沈家本">沈家本</a>開始著手整理大清律例內關涉奴婢諸條，但碰到內外保守勢力及王親貴族等既得利益者制肘，此案一直被擱置到宣統年間，方奏請辦理。中華民國成立後，南京臨時政府依約法及臨時大總統宣言開始廢除奴婢制度，但北洋政府並未出台相關民法，而延續大清律例致不少人家仍有奴婢。1926年中華民國參與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="國際聯盟">國際聯盟</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%85%A7%E7%93%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="日內瓦">日內瓦</a>簽署《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="禁奴公約" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="1926 Slavery Convention"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E5%A5%B4%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="禁奴公約（页面不存在）">禁奴公約</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_Slavery_Convention" class="extiw" title="en:1926 Slavery Convention"><span lang="en" dir="auto">1926 Slavery Convention</span></a></span>）</span></span>》，1928年北伐成功後，出台相關法律奴婢制被彻底廢除。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="香港奴婢制度"><span id=".E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF.E5.A5.B4.E5.A9.A2.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6"></span>香港奴婢制度</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：香港奴婢制度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="香港開埠">香港開埠</a>後，華人士紳仍有蓄婢的習俗，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="英屬香港">英屬香港</a>政府為了尊重土著風俗而不加禁制。直至1920年代，英國本土逐漸關注香港的蓄婢問題。香港民間更成立「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%8D%E8%93%84%E5%A9%A2%E6%9C%83" title="反對蓄婢會">反對蓄婢會</a>」，推動廢婢。1938年，蓄婢制度才在法例上正式被禁。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="日本奴婢制度"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.A5.B4.E5.A9.A2.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6"></span>日本奴婢制度</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：日本奴婢制度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日本奴婢制度在<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AA%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="邪馬台國">邪馬台国</a>时代已有（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E5%BC%A5%E5%91%BC" title="卑弥呼">卑弥呼</a>有侍婢千人，死时以百个奴婢陪葬）。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="奈良時代">奈良时代</a>律令制下<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%89%B2%E4%B9%8B%E8%B4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="五色之贱">五色之賤</a>中奴婢分官奴婢与私奴婢；律令制崩壊后，900年代奴婢制度廢止，但奴婢改成<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%A5%B4%E5%88%B6" title="農奴制">農奴制</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD%E6%B0%91" title="部落民">部落民</a>继续生存至明治4年，日本的奴婢主要從事家内工作而不是社会生产主力。明治4年（1871年）差別階級解放令發布，包括諸多政策連同農奴制一同被名義上廢除。但娼優<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E5%A6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="藝妓">藝妓</a>等人口買賣一直延續到二次大戰後。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="朝鮮奴婢制度"><span id=".E6.9C.9D.E9.AE.AE.E5.A5.B4.E5.A9.A2.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6"></span>朝鮮奴婢制度</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：朝鮮奴婢制度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>奴婢在朝鲜半島很早出现，在扶余殺人与謀反犯人家族也没入為奴婢。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="李氏朝鮮">李氏朝鮮</a>时代奴婢是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B1%E6%B0%91" title="贱民">贱民</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%88%90%E6%A1%82" title="李成桂">李成桂</a>在建国后实施奴婢辨正法，分配奴婢给功臣在功臣田上耕作。他们有些可以保留自己财產，婢女也有可能嫁给良民、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="中人">中人</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E7%8F%AD" title="兩班">兩班</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%81" title="白丁">白丁</a>成为贱妾。但因为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%9E%E6%AF%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="從母法（页面不存在）">從母法</a>他们多数与自己同类结婚。奴婢来源有犯法的良民与债奴。 </p><p>朝鲜的奴婢其实较接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%A5%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="农奴">农奴</a>（他们是兩班与乡班财產，逃走会被追捕（推刷），即是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E5%A5%B4" title="推奴">推奴</a>，两班们也可以用他们交换家畜），朝鮮有專門機構<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E7%9B%97%E5%BB%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="捕盗廳">捕盗廳</a>与推刷都監管理奴婢，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AC%E8%BE%B0%E5%80%AD%E4%B9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="壬辰倭乱">壬辰倭乱</a>后批准以战功納粟脱籍，在1801年部分廢止官奴婢制度，在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%8D%88%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="甲午改革">甲午改革</a>后废除身分制度，在20世纪后正式废止官私奴婢制度。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="臺灣奴婢制度"><span id=".E8.87.BA.E7.81.A3.E5.A5.B4.E5.A9.A2.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6"></span>臺灣奴婢制度</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：臺灣奴婢制度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="臺灣原住民族">臺灣原住民族</a>亦曾有類似的奴婢制度，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E9%9B%85%E6%97%8F" title="泰雅族">泰雅族</a>稱奴婢為『Qnyatan』<sup id="cite_ref-蕃族調查報告書第五冊：泰雅族-前篇_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-蕃族調查報告書第五冊：泰雅族-前篇-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:208</sup><sup id="cite_ref-蕃族調查報告書第七冊：泰雅族-後篇_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-蕃族調查報告書第七冊：泰雅族-後篇-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:159</sup><sup id="cite_ref-番族慣習調查報告書_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-番族慣習調查報告書-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:161</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="另見"><span id=".E5.8F.A6.E8.A6.8B"></span>另見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：另見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8D%E5%A5%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="侍女">侍女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B6%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="奴隶制度">奴隶制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E6%89%8D" title="奴才">奴才</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注釋"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8B"></span>注釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：注釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">辭海</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">孔令彬. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=33300474">《特殊的“家人”:明清列女传中的“媵”》</a>. 山西师大学报(社会科学版) (山西省临汾市: 山西师范大学). 2010, (2010第2期): 135—139. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1001-5957"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1001-5957</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到简体中文网页">（简体中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E7%9A%84%E2%80%9C%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E2%80%9D%3A%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E5%88%97%E5%A5%B3%E4%BC%A0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E2%80%9C%E5%AA%B5%E2%80%9D%E3%80%8B&rft.au=%E5%AD%94%E4%BB%A4%E5%BD%AC&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1001-5957&rft.issue=2010%E7%AC%AC2%E6%9C%9F&rft.jtitle=%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%88%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5%28%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%88%29&rft.pages=135%E2%80%94139&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cqvip.com%2FMain%2FDetail.aspx%3Fid%3D33300474&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《唐律疏义》卷六“名例”规定：“奴婢贱人，律比畜产”，又引《斗杀律》说：“部曲、奴婢殴主之期亲者，绞。詈者，徒二年。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%A0%90" title="王栐">王栐</a>《燕翼诒谋录》卷三亦记载说：“五代诸侯跋扈，枉法杀人，主家得自杀其奴仆。太祖建国，首禁臣下不得专杀。至建隆三年三月己巳降诏，郡国断大辟，录案朱书格律、断词、收禁月日、官典姓名以闻，取旨行之。自后生杀之权出于上矣。然主家犹擅黥奴仆之面，以快其忿毒。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《清史稿》卷一百二十“食货一”就说：“四民为良，奴仆及倡优为贱。凡衙署应役之皂隶、马快、步快、小马、禁卒、门子、弓兵、仵作、粮差及巡捕营番役，皆为贱役。长随与奴仆等，其有冒籍、跨籍、跨边、侨籍皆禁之。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">国晶. 宋朝游历指南.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%B6&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D%E6%B8%B8%E5%8E%86%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-蕃族調查報告書第五冊：泰雅族-前篇-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-蕃族調查報告書第五冊：泰雅族-前篇_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="中央研究院">中央研究院</a>民族學研究所編譯. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govbooks.com.tw/books/88979">《蕃族調查報告書第五冊：泰雅族-前篇》</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="中央研究院">中央研究院</a>. 2012-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-11-19</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789860334210" title="Special:网络书源/9789860334210"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789860334210</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119142654/https://www.govbooks.com.tw/books/88979">存档</a>于2021-11-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80+%E7%B7%A8%E8%AD%AF&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%95%83%E6%97%8F%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%86%8A%EF%BC%9A%E6%B3%B0%E9%9B%85%E6%97%8F-%E5%89%8D%E7%AF%87%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2012-10&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789860334210&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govbooks.com.tw%2Fbooks%2F88979&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-蕃族調查報告書第七冊：泰雅族-後篇-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-蕃族調查報告書第七冊：泰雅族-後篇_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣總督府">台灣總督府</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%88%8A%E6%85%A3%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="臨時台灣舊慣調查會">臨時台灣舊慣調查會</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govbooks.com.tw/books/10928">《蕃族調查報告書第七冊：泰雅族-後篇》</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="中央研究院">中央研究院</a>民族學研究所. 2010-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-28</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789860255089" title="Special:网络书源/9789860255089"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789860255089</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208030343/https://www.govbooks.com.tw/books/10928">存档</a>于2021-02-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&rft.au=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%88%8A%E6%85%A3%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E6%9C%83&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%95%83%E6%97%8F%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E5%86%8A%EF%BC%9A%E6%B3%B0%E9%9B%85%E6%97%8F-%E5%BE%8C%E7%AF%87%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2010-12&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789860255089&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govbooks.com.tw%2Fbooks%2F10928&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-番族慣習調查報告書-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-番族慣習調查報告書_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">小島由道. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208074859/https://www.sanmin.com.tw/product/index/001571777">番族慣習調查報告書第一卷：泰雅族</a>. 中研院-民族學研究所. 1997-06-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-07</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789576714559" title="Special:网络书源/9789576714559"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789576714559</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sanmin.com.tw/Product/index/001571777">原始内容</a>存档于2021-02-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&rft.au=%E5%B0%8F%E5%B3%B6%E7%94%B1%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E7%95%AA%E6%97%8F%E6%85%A3%E7%BF%92%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A%E6%9B%B8%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%8D%B7%EF%BC%9A%E6%B3%B0%E9%9B%85%E6%97%8F&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789576714559&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E7%A0%94%E9%99%A2-%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanmin.com.tw%2FProduct%2Findex%2F001571777&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span 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