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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cable_trams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Cable trams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cable_trams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_electric_trams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_electric_trams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 First electric trams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_electric_trams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Victorian_Railways_Electric_Street_Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victorian_Railways_Electric_Street_Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Victorian Railways Electric Street Railways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victorian_Railways_Electric_Street_Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramway_&_Lighting_Company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramway_&_Lighting_Company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Company </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramway_&_Lighting_Company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_tramway_trusts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_tramway_trusts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 The tramway trusts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_tramway_trusts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Melbourne_&_Metropolitan_Tramways_Board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Melbourne_&_Metropolitan_Tramways_Board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Melbourne_&_Metropolitan_Tramways_Board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_Transit_Authority_and_Public_Transport_Corporation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_Transit_Authority_and_Public_Transport_Corporation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Metropolitan Transit Authority and Public Transport Corporation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_Transit_Authority_and_Public_Transport_Corporation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Privatisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privatisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Privatisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privatisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-System_upgrades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#System_upgrades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 System upgrades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-System_upgrades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 Recent </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Routes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fleet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fleet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Fleet </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fleet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Fleet subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Fleet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-W-class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#W-class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 W-class </div> </a> <ul id="toc-W-class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Z-class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Z-class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Z-class </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Z-class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A-class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A-class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 A-class </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A-class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-B-class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#B-class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 B-class </div> </a> <ul id="toc-B-class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-C-class_(Citadis)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C-class_(Citadis)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 C-class (Citadis) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C-class_(Citadis)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-D-class_(Combino)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#D-class_(Combino)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 D-class (Combino) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-D-class_(Combino)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-E-class_(Flexity)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#E-class_(Flexity)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 E-class (Flexity) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-E-class_(Flexity)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-G-class_(Next_Generation_Trams)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#G-class_(Next_Generation_Trams)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 G-class (Next Generation Trams) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-G-class_(Next_Generation_Trams)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patronage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patronage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Patronage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patronage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Depots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Power_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Power supply </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tram–train_level_crossings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tram–train_level_crossings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Tram–train level crossings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tram–train_level_crossings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 In popular culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In popular culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media_and_sporting_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_and_sporting_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Media and sporting events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_and_sporting_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_occasions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_occasions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Royal occasions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_occasions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Melbourne_Art_Trams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Melbourne_Art_Trams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Melbourne Art Trams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Melbourne_Art_Trams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation_and_governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation_and_governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Legislation and governance </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legislation_and_governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legislation and governance subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legislation_and_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport_Integration_Act" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_Integration_Act"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Transport Integration Act </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_Integration_Act-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Safety </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ticketing_and_conduct" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ticketing_and_conduct"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Ticketing and conduct </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ticketing_and_conduct-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Trams in Melbourne</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" > 19 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fenbahn_Melbourne" title="Straßenbahn Melbourne – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Straßenbahn Melbourne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramtransporto_en_Melburno" title="Tramtransporto en Melburno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tramtransporto en Melburno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramway_de_Melbourne" title="Tramway de Melbourne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tramway de Melbourne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%9C%EB%B2%84%EB%A5%B8_%ED%8A%B8%EB%9E%A8" title="멜버른 트램 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="멜버른 트램" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rete_tranviaria_di_Melbourne" title="Rete tranviaria di Melbourne – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rete tranviaria di Melbourne" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramvaju_satiksme_Melburn%C4%81" title="Tramvaju satiksme Melburnā – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tramvaju satiksme Melburnā" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melburno_tramvajus" title="Melburno tramvajus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Melburno tramvajus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_di_tram_de_Melbourne" title="Red di tram de Melbourne – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Red di tram de Melbourne" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram_van_Melbourne" title="Tram van Melbourne – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tram van Melbourne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0_(%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3)" title="トラム (メルボルン) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トラム (メルボルン)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trikken_i_Melbourne" title="Trikken i Melbourne – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trikken i Melbourne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporvogn_i_Melbourne" title="Sporvogn i Melbourne – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sporvogn i Melbourne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramwaje_w_Melbourne" title="Tramwaje w Melbourne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tramwaje w Melbourne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мельбурнский трамвай – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мельбурнский трамвай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams_in_Melbourne" title="Trams in Melbourne – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Trams in Melbourne" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbournes_sp%C3%A5rv%C3%A4g" title="Melbournes spårväg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Melbournes spårväg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мельбурнський трамвай – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мельбурнський трамвай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E7%88%BE%E6%9C%AC%E8%BC%95%E9%90%B5" title="墨爾本輕鐵 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="墨爾本輕鐵" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E7%88%BE%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" title="墨爾本電車 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="墨爾本電車" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2060470#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Melbourne" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tramway network in Victoria, Australia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="border-top: 4px solid #78be20; border-bottom: 4px solid #78be20;">Melbourne tramway network</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Victoria" title="Public Transport Victoria">Public Transport Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_tram_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Metropolitan Melbourne tram network logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/Melbourne_tram_logo.svg/100px-Melbourne_tram_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/Melbourne_tram_logo.svg/150px-Melbourne_tram_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/Melbourne_tram_logo.svg/200px-Melbourne_tram_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:E_6001_and_E_6002_(Melbourne_trams)_in_Bourke_St_on_route_96,_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/E_6001_and_E_6002_%28Melbourne_trams%29_in_Bourke_St_on_route_96%2C_2013.JPG/250px-E_6001_and_E_6002_%28Melbourne_trams%29_in_Bourke_St_on_route_96%2C_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/E_6001_and_E_6002_%28Melbourne_trams%29_in_Bourke_St_on_route_96%2C_2013.JPG/375px-E_6001_and_E_6002_%28Melbourne_trams%29_in_Bourke_St_on_route_96%2C_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/E_6001_and_E_6002_%28Melbourne_trams%29_in_Bourke_St_on_route_96%2C_2013.JPG/500px-E_6001_and_E_6002_%28Melbourne_trams%29_in_Bourke_St_on_route_96%2C_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4998" data-file-height="2929" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/E-class_Melbourne_tram" title="E-class Melbourne tram">E-class</a> trams on <a href="/wiki/Bourke_Street" title="Bourke Street">Bourke Street</a>, December 2013</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Operation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Locale</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria, Australia">Victoria, Australia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Infrastructure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,435 mm (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width: 100%; margin: 0; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left" class="collapsible show"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: #efefef; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">Horse tram</a> era: 1884 (1884)–1923 (1923) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Status </th> <td>Abandoned or Converted to electric </td></tr> <tr> <th>Operator(s) </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Various (1884–1915)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Tramway_and_Omnibus_Company" title="Melbourne Tramway and Omnibus Company">MTOC</a> (1887–1916)</li><li>MTB (1916–1919)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_%26_Metropolitan_Tramways_Board" title="Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board">MMTB</a> (1919–1923)</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Propulsion system(s) </th> <td>Horse </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width: 100%; margin: 0; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left" class="collapsible show"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: #efefef; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Cable_car_(railway)" title="Cable car (railway)">Cable tram</a> era: 1885 (1885)–1940 (1940) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Status </th> <td>Converted to electric tram or petrol/diesel bus </td></tr> <tr> <th>Operator(s) </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Tramway_and_Omnibus_Company" title="Melbourne Tramway and Omnibus Company">MTOC</a> (1885–1916)</li><li>Various (1890–1919)</li><li>MTB (1916–1919)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_%26_Metropolitan_Tramways_Board" title="Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board">MMTB</a> (1919–1940)</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a> </th> <td>1,435 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Propulsion system(s) </th> <td>Cable, pulled by steam engines and electric motors </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width: 100%; margin: 0; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left" class="collapsible show"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: #efefef; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">Electric tram</a> era: since 1906 </th></tr> <tr> <th>System </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metlink" title="Metlink">Metlink</a> (2003–2012)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Victoria" title="Public Transport Victoria">Public Transport Victoria</a> (since 2012)</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Status </th> <td>Operational </td></tr> <tr> <th>Routes </th> <td><a href="#Routes">24 routes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Owner(s) </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_utility_companies_in_Victoria,_Australia#The_North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramways_and_Lighting_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="List of defunct utility companies in Victoria, Australia">NMETL</a> (1906–1922)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Railways#Other_functions" title="Victorian Railways">VR</a> (1906–1959)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Prahran_and_Malvern_Tramways_Trust" title="Prahran and Malvern Tramways Trust">PMTT</a> (1910–1920)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_Tramways_Trust" title="Hawthorn Tramways Trust">HTT</a> (1916–1920)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne,_Brunswick_%26_Coburg_Tramways_Trust" title="Melbourne, Brunswick & Coburg Tramways Trust">MBCTT</a> (1916–1920)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Fitzroy,_Northcote_%26_Preston_Tramways_Trust" title="Fitzroy, Northcote & Preston Tramways Trust">FNPTT</a> (1920)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_%26_Metropolitan_Tramways_Board" title="Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board">MMTB</a> (1920–1983)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transit_Authority_(Victoria)" title="Metropolitan Transit Authority (Victoria)">MTA</a> (1983–1989)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Corporation" title="Public Transport Corporation">PTC</a> (1989–1999)</li><li><a href="/wiki/VicTrack" title="VicTrack">VicTrack</a> (since 1999)</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Operator(s) </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_utility_companies_in_Victoria,_Australia#The_North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramways_and_Lighting_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="List of defunct utility companies in Victoria, Australia">NMETL</a> (1906–1922)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Railways#Other_functions" title="Victorian Railways">VR</a> (1906–1959)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Prahran_and_Malvern_Tramways_Trust" title="Prahran and Malvern Tramways Trust">PMTT</a> (1910–1920)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_Tramways_Trust" title="Hawthorn Tramways Trust">HTT</a> (1916–1920)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne,_Brunswick_%26_Coburg_Tramways_Trust" title="Melbourne, Brunswick & Coburg Tramways Trust">MBCTT</a> (1916–1920)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Fitzroy,_Northcote_%26_Preston_Tramways_Trust" title="Fitzroy, Northcote & Preston Tramways Trust">FNPTT</a> (1920)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_%26_Metropolitan_Tramways_Board" title="Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board">MMTB</a> (1920–1983)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transit_Authority_(Victoria)" title="Metropolitan Transit Authority (Victoria)">MTA</a> (1983–1989)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Corporation" title="Public Transport Corporation">PTC</a> (1989–1998)</li><li>PTC (Swanston Trams) (1998–1999)</li><li>PTC (Yarra Trams) (1998–1999)</li><li><a href="/wiki/M-Tram" title="M-Tram">M>Tram</a> (1999–2004)</li><li><a href="/wiki/TransdevTSL" title="TransdevTSL">TransdevTSL</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yarra_Trams" title="Yarra Trams">Yarra Trams</a>) (1999–2009)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Keolis_Downer" title="Keolis Downer">Keolis Downer</a> (Yarra Trams) (2009-2024)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yarra_Journey_Makers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yarra Journey Makers (page does not exist)">Yarra Journey Makers</a> (Yarra Trams) (since 2024)</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a> </th> <td>1,435 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a><a href="#cite_note-Trams_Currently_in_Service-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/5_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="5 ft 3 in gauge railways">1,600 mm</a> (5 ft 3 in) (1906–1959) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Propulsion system(s) </th> <td>Electricity </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Railway_electrification_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway electrification system">Electrification</a> </th> <td>600 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a> <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">DC</a> from <a href="/wiki/Overhead_line" title="Overhead line">overhead catenary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Depot(s) </th> <td><a href="#Depots">8 depots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Stock </th> <td><a href="#Fleet">501 trams</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Network_length_(transport)#Track_length" title="Network length (transport)">Track length (double)</a> </th> <td>250 km (155.3 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2023-24</th><td class="infobox-data">154.8 million<a href="#cite_note-dtpannualreport2324-3">[3]</a> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 4.9%</td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Tram_map_of_Melbourne.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Melbourne tramway network, May 2017"><img alt="Melbourne tramway network, May 2017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tram_map_of_Melbourne.svg/250px-Tram_map_of_Melbourne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tram_map_of_Melbourne.svg/375px-Tram_map_of_Melbourne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tram_map_of_Melbourne.svg/500px-Tram_map_of_Melbourne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2004" data-file-height="1983" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Website </th> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yarratrams.com.au">Yarra Trams</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_trams_-_2018-09-15_-_Andy_Mabbett.oga" title="File:Melbourne trams - 2018-09-15 - Andy Mabbett.oga">Trams at Melbourne tram stop 14, 'Arts Precinct'</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="125" data-mwtitle="Melbourne_trams_-_2018-09-15_-_Andy_Mabbett.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Melbourne_trams_-_2018-09-15_-_Andy_Mabbett.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/Melbourne_trams_-_2018-09-15_-_Andy_Mabbett.oga/Melbourne_trams_-_2018-09-15_-_Andy_Mabbett.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">recorded 15 September 2018</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> The Melbourne tramway network is a <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tramway</a> system serving the city of <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, Australia. The tramway network is centred around the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_central_business_district" title="Melbourne central business district">Melbourne central business district</a> (CBD) and consists of approximately 1,700 <a href="/wiki/Tram_stop" title="Tram stop">tram stops</a> across 24 routes. It is the largest operational urban tram network in the world and one of the most used,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> with more than 500 trams and 250 kilometres (160 miles) of double tram track. It carried 154.8 million passengers over the year 2023-24.<a href="#cite_note-YT_facts-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Trams are the second most utilised form of public transport in Melbourne after the city's metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Railways_in_Melbourne" title="Railways in Melbourne">commuter railway network</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ptvar-7">[7]</a> Trams have operated continuously in Melbourne since 1885 (the horse tram line in <a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Victoria" title="Fairfield, Victoria">Fairfield</a> opened in 1884, but was at best an irregular service). Since then they have become a distinctive part of Melbourne's character and feature in tourism and travel advertising. <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_cable_tramway_system" title="Melbourne cable tramway system">Melbourne's cable tram system</a> opened in 1885, and expanded to one of the largest in the world, with 75 kilometres (46.6 miles) of double track. The first electric tram line opened in 1889, but closed only a few years later in 1896. In 1906 electric tram systems were opened in <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Essendon,_Victoria" title="Essendon, Victoria">Essendon</a>, marking the start of continuous operation of Melbourne's electric trams. Victoria's public transport system was reorganised in 1983 and saw the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_%26_Metropolitan_Tramways_Board" title="Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board">Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board</a> absorbed into the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transit_Authority_(Victoria)" title="Metropolitan Transit Authority (Victoria)">Metropolitan Transit Authority</a>, which was in turn absorbed by the <a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Corporation" title="Public Transport Corporation">Public Transport Corporation</a> in 1989. The network has been operated under contract since the commencement of franchising, following the privatisation of the Public Transport Corporation in 1999. The current private operator contracted to run Melbourne's tram system is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yarra_Journey_Makers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yarra Journey Makers (page does not exist)">Yarra Journey Makers</a>, trading as <a href="/wiki/Yarra_Trams" title="Yarra Trams">Yarra Trams</a>. Ticketing, public information and patronage promotion are undertaken by Victoria's public transport body, <a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Victoria" title="Public Transport Victoria">Public Transport Victoria</a>. The multi-modal integrated ticketing system, <a href="/wiki/Myki" title="Myki">myki</a>, currently operates across the tram network. At some Melbourne intersections (most within the CBD), motor vehicles turning right are required to perform a <a href="/wiki/Hook_turn" title="Hook turn">hook turn</a>, a manoeuvre designed to give trams priority.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> To further improve tram speeds on congested Melbourne streets, trams also have priority in road usage, with specially fitted <a href="/wiki/Traffic_light" title="Traffic light">traffic lights</a> and exclusive lanes being provided either at all times or in peak times, as well as other measures.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_trams_in_Melbourne" title="Timeline of trams in Melbourne">Timeline of trams in Melbourne</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horse_trams">Horse trams</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Horse trams">edit</a>]</div> Melbourne's first tram was a <a href="/wiki/Horse_tram" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse tram">horse tram</a> from <a href="/wiki/Fairfield_railway_station,_Melbourne" title="Fairfield railway station, Melbourne">Fairfield railway station</a> to a real estate development in <a href="/wiki/Thornbury,_Victoria" title="Thornbury, Victoria">Thornbury</a>; it opened on 20 December 1884, and was closed by 1890. Seven horse tramlines operated in Melbourne, three were built by the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Tramway_%26_Omnibus_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Company">Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Company</a> (MTOC), while the other four were built by different private companies.<a href="#cite_note-Hooves_and_iron:_Melbourne's_horse_trams-11">[11]</a> The MTOC's three lines fed their cable tram system: <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Bridge,_Melbourne" title="Victoria Bridge, Melbourne">Victoria Bridge</a> cable tram terminus to Kew (<a href="/wiki/Boroondara_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Boroondara Cemetery">Boroondara Cemetery</a>), opened in 1887 and closed in 1915 after its sale to <a href="/wiki/City_of_Kew" title="City of Kew">Kew Council</a> for conversion to a <a href="/wiki/Prahran_%26_Malvern_Tramways_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust">Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust</a> electric line; <a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_Bridge" title="Hawthorn Bridge">Hawthorn Bridge</a> cable tram terminus to Auburn Road, via Burwood Road, Power Street and Riversdale Road, opened in 1890 and closed on 31 January 1916 after being sold to the <a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_Tramways_Trust" title="Hawthorn Tramways Trust">Hawthorn Tramways Trust</a> for conversion to electric traction; and the Zoo line, from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Parade,_Melbourne" title="Royal Parade, Melbourne">Royal Parade</a> cable line to <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Zoo" title="Melbourne Zoo">Melbourne Zoological Gardens</a>, opened on 10 March 1890 and closed in November 1923. The Zoo line was Melbourne's last horse tram and the only line still in operation at the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_%26_Metropolitan_Tramways_Board" title="Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board">Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board</a> (MMTB), however it was destroyed by fire during the <a href="/wiki/1923_Victorian_Police_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1923 Victorian Police strike">1923 police strike</a>; the MMTB took the decision not to reopen it, thus ending Melbourne's horse tram era.<a href="#cite_note-Hooves_and_iron:_Melbourne's_horse_trams-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cable_trams">Cable trams</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cable trams">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_cable_tramway_system" title="Melbourne cable tramway system">Melbourne cable tramway system</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Tramway_%26_Omnibus_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Company">Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Company</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_tram_car_passes_the_Federal_Coffee_Palace_in_Melbourne,_Victoria,_Australia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_tram_car_passes_the_Federal_Coffee_Palace_in_Melbourne%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia.jpg/220px-A_tram_car_passes_the_Federal_Coffee_Palace_in_Melbourne%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_tram_car_passes_the_Federal_Coffee_Palace_in_Melbourne%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia.jpg/330px-A_tram_car_passes_the_Federal_Coffee_Palace_in_Melbourne%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_tram_car_passes_the_Federal_Coffee_Palace_in_Melbourne%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia.jpg/440px-A_tram_car_passes_the_Federal_Coffee_Palace_in_Melbourne%2C_Victoria%2C_Australia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1714" /></a><figcaption>A tram car passes the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Coffee_Palace" title="Federal Coffee Palace">Federal Coffee Palace</a> at the south-west corner of <a href="/wiki/Collins_Street,_Melbourne" title="Collins Street, Melbourne">Collins</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Street,_Melbourne" title="King Street, Melbourne">King</a> streets, circa 1890.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_cable_tram_1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Melbourne_cable_tram_1905.jpg/220px-Melbourne_cable_tram_1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Melbourne_cable_tram_1905.jpg/330px-Melbourne_cable_tram_1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Melbourne_cable_tram_1905.jpg/440px-Melbourne_cable_tram_1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>Cable tram (dummy and trailer) on <a href="/wiki/Lonsdale_Street" title="Lonsdale Street">Lonsdale Street</a>, circa 1905</figcaption></figure> Melbourne's cable tram system has its origins in the MTOC, started by Francis Boardman Clapp in 1877, with a view to operate a Melbourne tram system. After some initial resistance, he successfully lobbied the government who passed the Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Company Act 1883 on 10 October 1883, granting the company the right to operate a <a href="/wiki/Cable_car_(railway)" title="Cable car (railway)">cable tram</a> system in Melbourne. Although several lines were originally intended to be horse trams, and the MTOC did operate three horse tram lines on the edges of the system, the core of the system was built as cable trams.<a href="#cite_note-RJones-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-MT&OC-13">[13]</a> The Act established the Melbourne Tramways Trust (MTT), which was made up of the 12 municipalities that the MTOC system would serve. The MTT was responsible for the construction of tracks and engine house, while the MTOC built the depots, offices and arranged for the delivery or construction of the rolling stock. The MTT granted a lease to operate the system until 1 July 1916 to the MTOC, with the MTOC paying 4.5% interest on the debts incurred by the MTT in building the system.<a href="#cite_note-RJones-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-MT&OC-13">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne%E2%80%99s_first_cable_tram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Melbourne%E2%80%99s_first_cable_tram.jpg/220px-Melbourne%E2%80%99s_first_cable_tram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Melbourne%E2%80%99s_first_cable_tram.jpg/330px-Melbourne%E2%80%99s_first_cable_tram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Melbourne%E2%80%99s_first_cable_tram.jpg/440px-Melbourne%E2%80%99s_first_cable_tram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption>Melbourne's first cable tram service on 11 November 1885</figcaption></figure> The first cable tram line opened on 11 November 1885, running from <a href="/wiki/Bourke_Street" title="Bourke Street">Bourke Street</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_Bridge" title="Hawthorn Bridge">Hawthorn Bridge</a>, along <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Street" title="Spencer Street">Spencer Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Street,_Melbourne" title="Flinders Street, Melbourne">Flinders Street</a>, Wellington Parade and Bridge Road, with the last line opening on 27 October 1891. At its height the cable system was one of the largest in the world, with 75 kilometres (47 mi) of double track, 1200 gripcars and trailers and 17 routes covering (103.2 route km or 64.12 route miles).<a href="#cite_note-MT&OC-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> On 18 February 1890, the Northcote tramway was opened by the Clifton Hill to Northcote & Preston Tramway Company. This was Melbourne's only non-MTOC cable tram, built by local land speculators and was operated as an independent line, feeding the Clifton Hill line.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> When the lease expired on 1 July 1916, all the assets of the MTT and MTOC cable network were taken over by the Melbourne Tramways Board (MTB).<a href="#cite_note-RJones-12">[12]</a> The MMTB was formed on 1 November 1919, taking over the MTB cable tram network, with the Northcote tramway and the tramway trusts transferred to the MMTB on 20 February 1920.<a href="#cite_note-YT-Trams_in_Melbourne-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_early_days-17">[17]</a> From 1924 the cable tram lines were progressively converted to electric trams, or abandoned in favour of buses, with the last Melbourne cable tram operating on 26 October 1940.<a href="#cite_note-YT-Trams_in_Melbourne-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_electric_trams">First electric trams</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First electric trams">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Box_Hill_to_Doncaster_tram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Box_Hill_to_Doncaster_tram.jpg/220px-Box_Hill_to_Doncaster_tram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Box_Hill_to_Doncaster_tram.jpg/330px-Box_Hill_to_Doncaster_tram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Box_Hill_to_Doncaster_tram.jpg/440px-Box_Hill_to_Doncaster_tram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="894" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Box_Hill,_Victoria" title="Box Hill, Victoria">Box Hill</a> to <a href="/wiki/Doncaster,_Victoria" title="Doncaster, Victoria">Doncaster</a> tram</figcaption></figure> The first electric tram in Melbourne was built in 1889 by the Box Hill and Doncaster Tramway Company Limited—an enterprise formed by a group of land developers—and ran from <a href="/wiki/Box_Hill_railway_station,_Melbourne" title="Box Hill railway station, Melbourne">Box Hill railway station</a> along what is now Station Street and Tram Road to <a href="/wiki/Doncaster,_Victoria" title="Doncaster, Victoria">Doncaster</a>, using equipment left over from the Centennial International Exhibition of 1888 at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Exhibition_Building" title="Royal Exhibition Building">Royal Exhibition Building</a>. The venture was marred with disputes and operational problems, and ultimately failed, with the service ceasing in 1896.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> After this venture failed, electric trams returned on 5 May 1906, with the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Railways#Other_functions" title="Victorian Railways">Victorian Railways Electric Street Railway</a> from <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda</a> to <a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Victoria" title="Brighton, Victoria">Brighton</a>, and was followed on 11 October 1906 with the opening of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_utility_companies_in_Victoria,_Australia#The_North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramways_and_Lighting_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="List of defunct utility companies in Victoria, Australia">North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Company</a> (NMETL) system, which opened two lines from the cable tram terminus at Flemington Bridge to <a href="/wiki/Essendon,_Victoria" title="Essendon, Victoria">Essendon</a> and Saltwater River (now <a href="/wiki/Maribyrnong_River" title="Maribyrnong River">Maribyrnong River</a>).<a href="#cite_note-The_early_days-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Victorian_Railways_Electric_Street_Railways">Victorian Railways Electric Street Railways</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Victorian Railways Electric Street Railways">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_Victorian_Railway_trams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Two_Victorian_Railway_trams.jpg/220px-Two_Victorian_Railway_trams.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Two_Victorian_Railway_trams.jpg/330px-Two_Victorian_Railway_trams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Two_Victorian_Railway_trams.jpg/440px-Two_Victorian_Railway_trams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Two <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Railways" title="Victorian Railways">Victorian Railways</a> trams</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Railways" title="Victorian Railways">Victorian Railways</a> line came about when <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bent" title="Thomas Bent">Thomas Bent</a> became <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Victoria" title="Premier of Victoria">Premier</a>. A leading land boomer, he stood to benefit from construction of the line, through the increased value of his large land holdings in the area, and pushed through the legislation to enable to building of the line by the VR in 1904.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The VR tram was called a "Street Railway" and was built using the Victorian Railways 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) <a href="/wiki/Broad_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad gauge">broad gauge</a> instead of the cable tramway <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm), and connected it with the <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="St Kilda railway station">St Kilda railway station</a>, which would allow trams to be moved along the St Kilda railway line for servicing at <a href="/wiki/Jolimont_Yard" title="Jolimont Yard">Jolimont Yard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VR_electric_street_railways-21">[21]</a> The line was opened in two stages, from St Kilda railway station to Middle Brighton on 5 May 1906 and to Brighton Beach terminus on 22 December 1906.<a href="#cite_note-The_early_days-17">[17]</a> A fire at the Elwood tram depot on 7 March 1907 destroyed the depot and all the trams. Services resumed on 17 March 1907 using four <a href="/wiki/Sydney_C-Class_Tram" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney C-Class Tram">C-class trams</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Sydney_D-Class_Tram" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney D-Class Tram">D-class trams</a> from <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Sydney" title="Trams in Sydney">Sydney</a>, which were altered to run on VR trucks salvaged from the fire. These trams sufficed until <a href="/wiki/Newport_Workshops" title="Newport Workshops">Newport Workshops</a> built 14 new trams. The St Kilda to Brighton Beach Electric Street Railway closed on 28 February 1959 and was replaced by buses.<a href="#cite_note-VR_electric_street_railways-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> VR opened a second, standard gauge, electric tramway from <a href="/wiki/Sandringham_railway_station" title="Sandringham railway station">Sandringham railway station</a> to <a href="/wiki/Black_Rock,_Victoria" title="Black Rock, Victoria">Black Rock</a> on 10 March 1919, it was extended to <a href="/wiki/Beaumaris,_Victoria" title="Beaumaris, Victoria">Beaumaris</a> on 2 September 1926. The service was withdrawn on 5 November 1956 and replaced with buses.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramway_&_Lighting_Company">North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Company</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Company">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NMETL_first_tram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/NMETL_first_tram.jpg/220px-NMETL_first_tram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/NMETL_first_tram.jpg/330px-NMETL_first_tram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/NMETL_first_tram.jpg/440px-NMETL_first_tram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4076" data-file-height="2668" /></a><figcaption>First North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Co tram on opening day</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_utility_companies_in_Victoria,_Australia#The_North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramways_and_Lighting_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="List of defunct utility companies in Victoria, Australia">North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Company</a> (NMETL) was an electricity and tramway company that operated from 1906 to 1922.<a href="#cite_note-A_brief_history_of_the_North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramway_&_Lighting_Company-25">[25]</a> The tramway section was taken over by the MMTB on 1 August 1922 and the electricity section taken over by the <a href="/wiki/State_Electricity_Commission_of_Victoria" title="State Electricity Commission of Victoria">State Electricity Commission of Victoria</a> in 1922.<a href="#cite_note-Between_the_Wars-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The Victorian Government of Sir Thomas Bent approved an application by Mr Morgan to build a tramway system in the Essendon area on 29 March 1904, with a poll of ratepayers overwhelming supporting the proposition on 29 July 1904 (2874 votes to 146). Mr Morgan transferred the concession to the NMETL, which had been formed to build the system and provide electricity to the area. Under the concession the NMETL was to construct a tramway and provide electricity within the municipalities of Essendon and Flemington for 30 years, it also mandated a service at least every 20 minutes and had provisions for the undertaking to become property of the municipalities involved earlier than the prescribed 30 years.<a href="#cite_note-A_Brief_History_of..._The_North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramways_and_Lighting_Company_Limited-28">[28]</a> The NMETL bought land on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Alexander_Road" title="Mount Alexander Road">Mount Alexander Road</a> for its offices, car barn and power house, with the foundation stone laid by the Mayors of Essendon and Flemington on 24 May 1905, and the first rail laid a month later by Premier Bent. The system opened on 11 October 1906 operating two routes from Flemington Bridge—one to Essendon via Mount Alexander Road, <a href="/wiki/Pascoe_Vale_Road" title="Pascoe Vale Road">Pascoe Vale Road</a>, Fletcher Street and onto Mount Alexander Road again (with a short branch line along Puckle Street), and the second to Saltwater River via Mount Alexander Road, Victoria Street, Racecourse Road, Epsom Road, Union Road and Maribyrnong Road. The system was approximately 7 mi (11.3 km) and was operated by 25 motor cars and 10 trailers.<a href="#cite_note-A_Brief_History_of..._The_North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramways_and_Lighting_Company_Limited-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_tramway_trusts">The tramway trusts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The tramway trusts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bourke_St_East_by_George_Hyde_Pownall_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bourke_St_East_by_George_Hyde_Pownall_1912.jpg/220px-Bourke_St_East_by_George_Hyde_Pownall_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bourke_St_East_by_George_Hyde_Pownall_1912.jpg/330px-Bourke_St_East_by_George_Hyde_Pownall_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bourke_St_East_by_George_Hyde_Pownall_1912.jpg/440px-Bourke_St_East_by_George_Hyde_Pownall_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="974" /></a><figcaption>Painting by George Hyde Pownall showing trams running down Bourke St in central Melbourne in 1912</figcaption></figure> Due to demand for better public transport in Melbourne's inner suburbs of Prahran and Malvern the <a href="/wiki/Prahran_%26_Malvern_Tramways_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust">Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust</a> Act 1907 was enacted. Councillor <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cameron_(tramways_administrator)" title="Alexander Cameron (tramways administrator)">Alex Cameron</a> of Malvern, who led the push for a municipal tramway service, was elected chairman of the trust by both Malvern and Prahran councils. Construction began on its first tram line in 1909 with the first passenger service commencing on 30 May 1910. Using overhead wires to feed electricity to the trams, the network continued to expand greatly and profitably.<a href="#cite_note-mmtb-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alex_Cameron:_father_of_Melbourne's_electric_trams-30">[30]</a> In 1913, the region covered by the PMTT was extended and, thus, representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Hawthorn,_Victoria" title="Hawthorn, Victoria">Hawthorn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kew,_Victoria" title="Kew, Victoria">Kew</a> councils were also included on the board. In 1916 <a href="/wiki/Camberwell,_Victoria" title="Camberwell, Victoria">Camberwell</a> council representatives were also included. Following the PMTT, the following municipal trusts were formed: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_Tramways_Trust" title="Hawthorn Tramways Trust">Hawthorn Tramways Trust</a> – 1914 (Municipalities of <a href="/wiki/City_of_Melbourne" title="City of Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Richmond" title="City of Richmond">Richmond</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Camberwell" title="City of Camberwell">Camberwell</a> & <a href="/wiki/City_of_Hawthorn" title="City of Hawthorn">Hawthorn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne,_Brunswick_%26_Coburg_Tramways_Trust" title="Melbourne, Brunswick & Coburg Tramways Trust">Melbourne, Brunswick & Coburg Tramways Trust</a> – 1916 (Municipalities of <a href="/wiki/City_of_Brunswick" title="City of Brunswick">Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Coburg" title="City of Coburg">Coburg</a> & <a href="/wiki/City_of_Melbourne" title="City of Melbourne">Melbourne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzroy,_Northcote_%26_Preston_Tramways_Trust" title="Fitzroy, Northcote & Preston Tramways Trust">Fitzroy, Northcote & Preston Tramways Trust</a> – in process of construction when taken over in 1920 (Municipalities of <a href="/wiki/City_of_Fitzroy" title="City of Fitzroy">Fitzroy</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Northcote" title="City of Northcote">Northcote</a> & <a href="/wiki/City_of_Preston_(Victoria)" title="City of Preston (Victoria)">Preston</a>)</li> <li>Footscray Tramway Trust – in process of construction when taken over in 1920 (Municipality of <a href="/wiki/City_of_Footscray" title="City of Footscray">Footscray</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Melbourne_&_Metropolitan_Tramways_Board">Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_%26_Metropolitan_Tramways_Board" title="Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board">Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flinders_Street_Station,_Melbourne,_at_the_intersection_of_Swanston_Street_and_Flinders_Street,_1927_-_Glass_plate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flinders_Street_Station%2C_Melbourne%2C_at_the_intersection_of_Swanston_Street_and_Flinders_Street%2C_1927_-_Glass_plate.jpg/220px-Flinders_Street_Station%2C_Melbourne%2C_at_the_intersection_of_Swanston_Street_and_Flinders_Street%2C_1927_-_Glass_plate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flinders_Street_Station%2C_Melbourne%2C_at_the_intersection_of_Swanston_Street_and_Flinders_Street%2C_1927_-_Glass_plate.jpg/330px-Flinders_Street_Station%2C_Melbourne%2C_at_the_intersection_of_Swanston_Street_and_Flinders_Street%2C_1927_-_Glass_plate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flinders_Street_Station%2C_Melbourne%2C_at_the_intersection_of_Swanston_Street_and_Flinders_Street%2C_1927_-_Glass_plate.jpg/440px-Flinders_Street_Station%2C_Melbourne%2C_at_the_intersection_of_Swanston_Street_and_Flinders_Street%2C_1927_-_Glass_plate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11121" data-file-height="8023" /></a><figcaption>Intersection of <a href="/wiki/Swanston_Street" title="Swanston Street">Swanston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Street,_Melbourne" title="Flinders Street, Melbourne">Flinders</a> Streets showing electric and cable trams, 1927</figcaption></figure> The Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB) was formed in July 1919 to take control of Melbourne's cable tram network, six of the seven electric tramway companies, and the last horse tram. By 1940, all cable and horse tram lines had been abandoned or converted to either electric tram or bus operation. Alex Cameron was its full-time chairman.<a href="#cite_note-mmtb-29">[29]</a> The tramway network had both cable and electric traction and had been constructed by different bodies without any uniform system. Under Cameron, the MMTB brought these systems under its control, extending the electric lines, and converting the existing cable-system to electric traction.<a href="#cite_note-Alex_Cameron:_father_of_Melbourne's_electric_trams-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> To solve operational and maintenance problem the MMTB introduced in 1923 the iconic <a href="/wiki/W-class_Melbourne_tram" title="W-class Melbourne tram">W-class tram</a> and phased out the other models.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne_&_Metropolitan_Tramways_Board_W_Class_No_380-32">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Preston_Workshops" title="Preston Workshops">Preston Workshops</a> were constructed about this time to manufacture and maintain the new tram fleet.<a href="#cite_note-Vines2011-33">[33]</a> In March 1923 Alex Cameron went overseas to investigate traffic problems. He returned next year, confirmed in his long-held opinions that electric trams were superior to buses and that overhead wires were preferable to the underground conduit (cable) system. Alex Cameron remained chairman there until 1935. He died a few years later in 1940, the same year the last of the cable tram services in Melbourne ended.<a href="#cite_note-Alex_Cameron:_father_of_Melbourne's_electric_trams-30">[30]</a> The MMTB generated further patronage by developing the enormous <a href="/wiki/Wattle_Park,_Melbourne" title="Wattle Park, Melbourne">Wattle Park</a> in the 1920s and 1930s, it had inherited Wattle Park from the Hawthorn Tramways Trust with the HTTs takeover by the MMTB.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> After World War II other Australian cities began to replace their trams with buses. However, in Melbourne, the Bourke Street buses were replaced by trams in 1955, and new lines opened to <a href="/wiki/Preston,_Victoria" title="Preston, Victoria">East Preston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunswick East">Brunswick East</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_tram_surf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Melbourne_tram_surf.jpg/220px-Melbourne_tram_surf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Melbourne_tram_surf.jpg/330px-Melbourne_tram_surf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Melbourne_tram_surf.jpg/440px-Melbourne_tram_surf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption> An overcrowded East Preston tram in <a href="/wiki/Fitzroy_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitzroy North">Fitzroy North</a>, 1944</figcaption></figure> Melbourne's tram usage peaked at 260 million trips in 1949, before dropping sharply to 200 million the following year in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-TDIA-35">[35]</a> However usage defied the trend and bounced back in 1951, but began a gradual decline in usage which would continue until 1970.<a href="#cite_note-TDIA-35">[35]</a> During the same period bus use also went into decline and buses have never proved as popular with passengers as trams at any time in Melbourne's history. By the 1970s Melbourne was the only Australian city with a major tram network.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Melbourne resisted the trend to shut down the network for three major reasons: partly because the city's wide streets and geometric street pattern made trams more practicable than in many other cities; partly because of resistance from the <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">unions</a>; and partly because the Chairman of the MMTB, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Risson" title="Robert Risson">Sir Robert Risson</a>, successfully argued that the cost of ripping up the concrete-embedded tram tracks would be prohibitive. Also, the infrastructure and vehicles were relatively new, having replaced Cable Tram equipment in only the 1920s–1940s. This destroyed the argument used by many other cities, which was that renewal of the tram system would cost more than replacing it with buses. There is a 1960s colour film called "Citizen Tram" on YouTube commissioned by Risson too.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> By the mid-1970s, as other cities became increasingly choked in traffic and air pollution, Melbourne was convinced that its decision to retain its trams was the correct one, even though patronage had been declining since the 1950s in the face of increasing use of cars and the shift to the outer suburbs, beyond the tram network's limits. The first tram line extension in over twenty years took place in 1978, along <a href="/wiki/Burwood_Highway" title="Burwood Highway">Burwood Highway</a>. The W-class trams were gradually replaced by the new Z-class trams in the 1970s, and by the A-class trams and the larger, articulated B-class trams in the 1980s. In 1980, the controversial <a href="/wiki/Lonie_Report" title="Lonie Report">Lonie Report</a> recommended the closure of seven tram lines. Public protests and union action resulted in the closures not being carried out.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_Transit_Authority_and_Public_Transport_Corporation">Metropolitan Transit Authority and Public Transport Corporation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Metropolitan Transit Authority and Public Transport Corporation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transit_Authority_(Victoria)" title="Metropolitan Transit Authority (Victoria)">Metropolitan Transit Authority</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Corporation" title="Public Transport Corporation">Public Transport Corporation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hook_Turn_Sign_Melbourne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hook_Turn_Sign_Melbourne.jpg/220px-Hook_Turn_Sign_Melbourne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hook_Turn_Sign_Melbourne.jpg/330px-Hook_Turn_Sign_Melbourne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hook_Turn_Sign_Melbourne.jpg/440px-Hook_Turn_Sign_Melbourne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="746" data-file-height="843" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hook_turn" title="Hook turn">Hook turn</a> sign</figcaption></figure> The MMTB, along with the <a href="/wiki/Railways_in_Melbourne" title="Railways in Melbourne">metropolitan railway assets</a> of <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Railways" title="Victorian Railways">VicRail</a>, were absorbed into the newly formed Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) on 1 July 1983, while the regional assets of VicRail were absorbed by the <a href="/wiki/State_Transport_Authority_(Victoria)" title="State Transport Authority (Victoria)">State Transit Authority</a> (STA). The MTA was formed to co-ordinate and operate the Melbourne public transport system, during 1986–87 an integration of rail, tram and bus divisions took place, with the operations, maintenance and administration of these departments fully integrated by 11 April 1988.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-PROV_MTA-40">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z1-class-tram.96_swanston_collins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Z1-class-tram.96_swanston_collins.jpg/220px-Z1-class-tram.96_swanston_collins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Z1-class-tram.96_swanston_collins.jpg/330px-Z1-class-tram.96_swanston_collins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Z1-class-tram.96_swanston_collins.jpg/440px-Z1-class-tram.96_swanston_collins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="786" /></a><figcaption>Z1.95 in The Met livery on <a href="/wiki/Swanston_Street" title="Swanston Street">Swanston Street</a></figcaption></figure> The MTA introduced a new green and yellow livery and uniform design, with a new logo, showing the integration of Melbourne's public transport system, replacing the MMTB logo, and introduced a new time-based integrated ticketing system, for all modes of Melbourne's public transport.<a href="#cite_note-YT-Trams_in_Melbourne-16">[16]</a> An Automatic Vehicle Monitoring system was introduced in 1985, improving communication with drivers and allowing tracking of trams throughout the network. This reduced tram bunching and improved reliability of tram services.<a href="#cite_note-YT-Trams_in_Melbourne-16">[16]</a> The <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda_railway_line" title="St Kilda railway line">St Kilda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_Melbourne_railway_line" title="Port Melbourne railway line">Port Melbourne</a> railway lines were converted to light rail lines in 1987, with the lines closed on 1 July 1987 and 11 October 1987 respectively. Trams first ran on the St Kilda line on 20 November 1987, with Port Melbourne following on 13 December 1987.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The conversion consisted of the track being re-gauged from <a href="/wiki/Irish_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish gauge">broad gauge</a> <a href="/wiki/5_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="5 ft 3 in gauge railways">5 ft 3 in</a> (1,600 mm) to <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm), the overhead wires being <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">converted</a> to tramway voltage and light rail platforms built adjacent to the former stations platforms.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> As a result of the Transport (Amendment) Act 1989 the MTA and STA were merged into the Public Transport Corporation (PTC) on 1 July 1989, bringing all rail services in Victoria under one body.<a href="#cite_note-PROV_MTA-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> By the late 1980s, the state government was under financial pressures brought on by an economic downturn. In January 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> government of <a href="/wiki/Premiers_of_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiers of Victoria">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Cain_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cain II">John Cain</a> tried to introduce economies into the running of the public transport system, including the removal of <a href="/wiki/Conductor_(transportation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conductor (transportation)">tram conductors</a>. This provoked a long and crippling strike by the tramways union in January 1990, resulting in a back-down by the government and the retention of conductors.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne_tramways:_union_vs_management-46">[46]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/1992_Victorian_state_election" title="1992 Victorian state election">1992 state election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberals</a> came to power under Premier <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Kennett" title="Jeff Kennett">Jeff Kennett</a>, who planned to cut the costs of Melbourne's public transport network and remove conductors. <a href="/wiki/OneLink_Transit_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="OneLink Transit Systems">OneLink</a> were contracted in 1995 to introduce an automatic ticketing system. The tramway union, which opposed this move, went on strike during the 1997 Grand Prix. One month later the government announced plans for <a href="/wiki/Privatisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatisation">privatisation</a> of the PTC.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne_tramways:_union_vs_management-46">[46]</a> The tram conductors were replaced with ticketing machines between 1996 and 1998—shortly before the system was privatised.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privatisation">Privatisation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Privatisation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M-Tram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/M-Tram.jpg/220px-M-Tram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/M-Tram.jpg/330px-M-Tram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/M-Tram.jpg/440px-M-Tram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption>B2.2078 class tram in <a href="/wiki/M-Tram" title="M-Tram">M>Tram</a> livery in 2001</figcaption></figure> On 1 July 1997, in preparation for privatisation of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Corporation" title="Public Transport Corporation">Public Transport Corporation</a>, Melbourne's tram network was split into two businesses: Met Tram 1 (later renamed Swanston Trams) and Met Tram 2 (later renamed Yarra Trams).<a href="#cite_note-History_of_Yarra_Trams-48">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/VicTrack" title="VicTrack">VicTrack</a>, a new statutory authority within the Victorian Government, was created in 1997 to hold the ownership of land and assets relating to Victoria's tram and rail systems.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In addition, a statutory office was established—the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Public_Transport" title="Director of Public Transport">Director of Public Transport</a>—to procure rail and tram services and to enter into and manage contracts with transport operators.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> After a tendering process the businesses were awarded as 12-year franchises, with Swanston Trams won by <a href="/wiki/National_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="National Express">National Express</a>, and the Yarra Trams business by <a href="/wiki/TransdevTSL" title="TransdevTSL">TransdevTSL</a>.<a href="#cite_note-YT-Trams_in_Melbourne-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Following a transitional period, the right to operate the two tram businesses was officially transferred from the government to the private sector under franchise agreements on 29 August 1999.<a href="#cite_note-YT-Trams_in_Melbourne-16">[16]</a> National Express renamed Swanston Trams as <a href="/wiki/M-Tram" title="M-Tram">M>Tram</a>, similarly along with its <a href="/wiki/M-Train" title="M-Train">M>Train</a> suburban train business, on 1 October 2001.<a href="#cite_note-YT-Trams_in_Melbourne-16">[16]</a> After several years of failing to make a profit, more than a year of negotiations over revised financing arrangements with the government, and grave concern over its future viability, National Express Group announced on 16 December 2002, its decision to walk away from all of their Victorian contracts and hand control back to the state government, with funding for its operations to stop on 23 December 2002.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The government ran M>Tram until negotiations were completed with Yarra Trams for it to take-over responsibility of the whole tram network from 18 April 2004.<a href="#cite_note-YT-Trams_in_Melbourne-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Yarra_Trams-48">[48]</a> On 25 June 2009, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Keolis_Downer" title="Keolis Downer">Keolis Downer</a>, a joint venture between <a href="/wiki/Keolis" title="Keolis">Keolis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Downer_Group" title="Downer Group">Downer EDI</a>, would be the operator of the Melbourne tram network from 30 November 2009. The contract was for eight years, with an option for a further seven years.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="System_upgrades">System upgrades</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: System upgrades">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Yarra_Trams" title="Yarra Trams">Yarra Trams</a></div> As a part of the privatisation process, franchise contracts between the state government and both private operators included obligations to extend and modernise the Melbourne tram network. This included acquiring new tram rolling stock, in addition the existing tram fleet was refurbished.<a href="#cite_note-Privatisation_Boosts_Rail_Investment_in_Melbourne-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Melbourne_Refurbishes_to_Improve_Image-56">[56]</a> Swanston Trams (M>Tram) introduced 59 new <a href="/wiki/Siemens_Combino" title="Siemens Combino">Siemens Combino</a> (D-class) <a href="/wiki/Low-floor_tram" title="Low-floor tram">low-floor</a> built trams by <a href="/wiki/Siemens_Mobility" title="Siemens Mobility">Siemens</a>, at a cost of A$175 million, and invested approximately A$8 million in refurbishing their fleet, while Yarra Trams introduced 36 <a href="/wiki/Alstom_Citadis" title="Alstom Citadis">Alstom Citadis</a> (C-class) low-floor trams, at a cost of A$100 million, and invested A$5.3 million refurbishing their fleet.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne_Refurbishes_to_Improve_Image-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-C-class-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-NEW_LOW-FLOOR_TRAM_HONOURS_TRAMWAYS_LEGEND-58">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tram_stop_sign_outside_Flinders_Street_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tram_stop_sign_outside_Flinders_Street_station.jpg/220px-Tram_stop_sign_outside_Flinders_Street_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tram_stop_sign_outside_Flinders_Street_station.jpg/330px-Tram_stop_sign_outside_Flinders_Street_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tram_stop_sign_outside_Flinders_Street_station.jpg/440px-Tram_stop_sign_outside_Flinders_Street_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Tram stop sign outside <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Street_railway_station" title="Flinders Street railway station">Flinders Street station</a></figcaption></figure> In 2003 the marketing and umbrella brand <a href="/wiki/Metlink" title="Metlink">Metlink</a> was introduced to co-ordinate the promotion of Melbourne's public transport and the communications from the separate privatised companies. Metlink's role was to provide timetables, passenger information about connecting services provided by several operators, fares and ticketing information and introduce uniform signage across the Melbourne public transport system.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Since privatisation extensions have been made to the tram system, with the $28 million extension of the 109 to Box Hill opening on 2 May 2003,<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> a $7.5 million extension along Docklands Drive in Docklands opened on 4 January 2005,<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> and a $42.6 million extension of the 75 to Vermont South opening on 23 July 2005.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E_6001_in_PTV_livery_on_the_Preston_Workshop_test_track,_September_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/E_6001_in_PTV_livery_on_the_Preston_Workshop_test_track%2C_September_2013.JPG/220px-E_6001_in_PTV_livery_on_the_Preston_Workshop_test_track%2C_September_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/E_6001_in_PTV_livery_on_the_Preston_Workshop_test_track%2C_September_2013.JPG/330px-E_6001_in_PTV_livery_on_the_Preston_Workshop_test_track%2C_September_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/E_6001_in_PTV_livery_on_the_Preston_Workshop_test_track%2C_September_2013.JPG/440px-E_6001_in_PTV_livery_on_the_Preston_Workshop_test_track%2C_September_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/E-class_Melbourne_tram" title="E-class Melbourne tram">E 6001</a> in <a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Victoria" title="Public Transport Victoria">Public Transport Victoria</a> livery at <a href="/wiki/Preston_Workshops" title="Preston Workshops">Preston Workshops</a> on the test track before entering passenger service, September 2013</figcaption></figure> It was announced on 27 September 2010 that <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Transportation" title="Bombardier Transportation">Bombardier Transportation</a> had won a $303 million contract to supply and maintain 50 new <a href="/wiki/E-class_Melbourne_tram" title="E-class Melbourne tram">E-class</a> trams, the contract includes an option for a further 100.<a href="#cite_note-50_TRAMS_ORDER_FOR_MELBOURNE_CREATES_LOCAL_JOBS-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bombardier_Wins_Contract_for_50_Trams_for_One_of_the_World's_Largest_Tram_Operations_in_Melbourne,_Australia-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-VicsigE-66">[66]</a> They will be built at Bombardier's Dandenong factory, with the propulsion systems and bogies coming from Bombardier's factories in <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a>, Germany, respectively. The trams will be 33 metres long and have a capacity of 210 passengers and are due to be in service in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Bombardier_Wins_Contract_for_50_Trams_for_One_of_the_World's_Largest_Tram_Operations_in_Melbourne,_Australia-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-VicsigE-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carey-67">[67]</a> The first E-class tram arrived at Preston Workshops in late June 2013 for testing, with the first two E-class entering revenue service in November 2013.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Longer_and_louder:_New_E-Class_tram_makes_itself_heard-69">[69]</a> In April 2012, <a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Victoria" title="Public Transport Victoria">Public Transport Victoria</a> (PTV), a new <a href="/wiki/Statutory_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory authority">statutory authority</a> was formed after amendments to the <a href="/wiki/Transport_Integration_Act_2010" title="Transport Integration Act 2010">Transport Integration Act 2010</a> and the passing of the Transport Legislation Amendment (Public Transport Development Authority) Act 2011. PTV assumed responsibility from the Director of Public Transport for the provision and administration of Victoria's transport services. It also provides information on fares, transport services and initiatives, and is responsible for overseeing and improving Victoria's public transport services.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caulfield-Monash-Rowville_Tram_Melbourne_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map showing the 2018 State Government proposal for a new tram line from Caulfield railway station to Chadstone, Monash University, Waverley Park and Rowville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Caulfield-Monash-Rowville_Tram_Melbourne_2018.jpg/220px-Caulfield-Monash-Rowville_Tram_Melbourne_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Caulfield-Monash-Rowville_Tram_Melbourne_2018.jpg/330px-Caulfield-Monash-Rowville_Tram_Melbourne_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Caulfield-Monash-Rowville_Tram_Melbourne_2018.jpg/440px-Caulfield-Monash-Rowville_Tram_Melbourne_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1393" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the 2018 State Government proposal for a new tram line from Caulfield railway station to Chadstone, Monash University, Waverley Park and Rowville</figcaption></figure> The era since privatisation has also brought large patronage increases, an increase in platform stops, and a new ticketing system. In 1999–2000 year—when the tram system was privatised—patronage was 127.3 million per annum, this has increased almost each year since, and in the 2012–2013 year was 182.7 million passenger trips, a 4.2% year-on-year patronage increase; trams are the second most utilised public transport method, between trains and buses.<a href="#cite_note-ptvar-7">[7]</a> Yarra Trams, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Transport_(Victoria,_2008%E2%80%9313)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Transport (Victoria, 2008–13)">Department of Transport</a>, and later Public Transport Victoria, committed to introduce level boarding <a href="/wiki/Tram_stop" title="Tram stop">stops</a> to improve accessibility and safety, and comply with the Disability Discrimination Act; as of January 2014 360 accessible stops have been constructed, all since 1999.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Metcard" title="Metcard">Metcard</a> ticketing system which operated from 1996 was switched off on 29 December 2012, leaving <a href="/wiki/Myki" title="Myki">myki</a>—which has been in operation on Melbourne trains since 29 December 2009, and valid on Melbourne trams and buses since 25 July 2010—as the sole ticketing system.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent">Recent</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Recent">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z3-class_tram_-173_running_a_Route_72_service_to_Melbourne_University_stuck_in_traffic_heading_south_along_Burke_Road_at_Camberwell_Junction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Z3-class_tram_-173_running_a_Route_72_service_to_Melbourne_University_stuck_in_traffic_heading_south_along_Burke_Road_at_Camberwell_Junction.jpg/220px-Z3-class_tram_-173_running_a_Route_72_service_to_Melbourne_University_stuck_in_traffic_heading_south_along_Burke_Road_at_Camberwell_Junction.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Z3-class_tram_-173_running_a_Route_72_service_to_Melbourne_University_stuck_in_traffic_heading_south_along_Burke_Road_at_Camberwell_Junction.jpg/330px-Z3-class_tram_-173_running_a_Route_72_service_to_Melbourne_University_stuck_in_traffic_heading_south_along_Burke_Road_at_Camberwell_Junction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Z3-class_tram_-173_running_a_Route_72_service_to_Melbourne_University_stuck_in_traffic_heading_south_along_Burke_Road_at_Camberwell_Junction.jpg/440px-Z3-class_tram_-173_running_a_Route_72_service_to_Melbourne_University_stuck_in_traffic_heading_south_along_Burke_Road_at_Camberwell_Junction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6868" data-file-height="4578" /></a><figcaption>Trams in Melbourne are frequently delayed by <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">vehicle traffic</a>, making the network one of the slowest in the world.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></figcaption></figure> At the start of 2015, the Free Tram Zone was introduced, which provided for free tram travel within the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_central_business_district" title="Melbourne central business district">CBD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Docklands,_Victoria" title="Docklands, Victoria">Docklands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Market" title="Queen Victoria Market">Queen Victoria Market</a>, and ticketing was simplified to have just two payment zones.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Primarily aimed at helping tourists move around the city centre, the Free Tram Zone was criticised by some as contributing to tram overcrowding.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Between 2015 and 2019, 50 more E-Class trams were ordered by the <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Andrews" title="Daniel Andrews">Andrews</a> state government, bringing the total order to 100 to be delivered by 2021.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In April 2018, the state government announced a new extension of the tram network from <a href="/wiki/Caulfield,_Victoria" title="Caulfield, Victoria">Caulfield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The 18 km (11.2 mi) extension would serve <a href="/wiki/Chadstone,_Victoria" title="Chadstone, Victoria">Chadstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waverley_Park" title="Waverley Park">Waverley Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rowville,_Victoria" title="Rowville, Victoria">Rowville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-abc.net.au-85">[85]</a> The state government allocated $3 million to plan the route, which would be constructed in two stages, with the first running from Caulfield to Monash.<a href="#cite_note-abc.net.au-85">[85]</a> In 2019 the government also allocated $4.5 million to plan for two new tram lines to the <a href="/wiki/Fishermans_Bend,_Victoria" title="Fishermans Bend, Victoria">Fisherman's Bend</a> <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban renewal</a> precinct, although it stopped short of committing to the project.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In 2020, six tram stops were rebuilt to be low-floor and accessible on <a href="/wiki/Nicholson_Street" title="Nicholson Street">Nicholson Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Carlton,_Victoria" title="Carlton, Victoria">Carlton</a> as part of the Route 96 Project started in 2012 to make the entire line level-access and more separated from car traffic.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Despite gradual stop upgrades, by 2021 73% of Melbourne's tram stops were still inaccessible for people in wheelchairs with initiatives like the Route 96 Project being criticised as too slow.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> As part of the project, <a href="/wiki/Acland_Street" title="Acland Street">Acland Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda</a> was closed to cars and a plaza built.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In the 2020–21 budget, the state government announced $1.48 billion for 100 next generation trams, <a href="/wiki/G-class_Melbourne_tram" title="G-class Melbourne tram">G-class trams</a>, to replace older low-floor trams, to be delivered from 2025 following the completed order of 100 E-class trams.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-92">[92]</a> In August 2021, the Government announced that a new maintenance and storage depot would be built at <a href="/wiki/Maidstone,_Victoria" title="Maidstone, Victoria">Maidstone</a> to accommodate these new trams. As of March 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit">[update]</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maidstone_tram_depot" title="Maidstone tram depot">Maidstone tram depot</a> is currently under construction and is scheduled to be completed in 2025.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Routes">Routes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Routes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Melbourne_tram_routes" title="List of Melbourne tram routes">List of Melbourne tram routes</a></div> 24 numbered routes operate with a regular schedule on Melbourne's tram network.<a href="#cite_note-YT_facts-5">[5]</a> Route numbers suffixed with the letter 'a' terminate before the usual destination, divert from the usual route, or both (due to major delays, disruptions or special events), while services suffixed with the letter 'd' terminate or divert to their depots (at end of service).<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width: 1px;"> </th> <th>Route </th> <th>Terminus A </th> <th class="unsortable">via </th> <th>Terminus B </th> <th>Full length </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #B5C426;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="1"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_1" title="Melbourne tram route 1">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coburg,_Victoria" title="Coburg, Victoria">East Coburg</a> </td> <td>Brunswick East – Carlton – <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_central_business_district" title="Melbourne central business district">City</a> – <a href="/wiki/South_Melbourne" title="South Melbourne">South Melbourne</a> </td> <td>South Melbourne Beach, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Park,_Victoria" title="Albert Park, Victoria">Albert Park</a> </td> <td>13.2 km (8.2 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #88D1F0;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="3"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_3" title="Melbourne tram route 3">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_University_tram_stop" title="Melbourne University tram stop">Melbourne University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlton,_Victoria" title="Carlton, Victoria">Carlton</a> </td> <td>City – <a href="/wiki/Balaclava,_Victoria" title="Balaclava, Victoria">Balaclava</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caulfield_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Caulfield North">Caulfield North</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malvern_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvern East">Malvern East</a> </td> <td>14.9 km (9.3 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E04038;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="5"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_5" title="Melbourne tram route 5">5</a> </td> <td>Melbourne University, Carlton </td> <td>City – <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Victoria" title="Windsor, Victoria">Windsor</a> – Armadale </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malvern,_Victoria" title="Malvern, Victoria">Malvern</a> </td> <td>12.6 km (7.8 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #004C6C;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="6"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_6" title="Melbourne tram route 6">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moreland_railway_station" title="Moreland railway station">Moreland railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Victoria" title="Brunswick, Victoria">Brunswick</a> </td> <td>Brunswick East – Carlton – City – <a href="/wiki/Prahran" title="Prahran">Prahran</a> – Armadale – Malvern </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glen_Iris,_Victoria" title="Glen Iris, Victoria">Glen Iris</a> </td> <td>19.0 km (11.8 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #86C5A2;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="11"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_11" title="Melbourne tram route 11">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Preston,_Victoria" title="Preston, Victoria">West Preston</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thornbury,_Victoria" title="Thornbury, Victoria">Thornbury</a> – <a href="/wiki/Northcote,_Victoria" title="Northcote, Victoria">Northcote</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fitzroy,_Victoria" title="Fitzroy, Victoria">Fitzroy</a> – City </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Docklands,_Victoria#Victoria_Harbour" title="Docklands, Victoria">Victoria Harbour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Docklands,_Victoria" title="Docklands, Victoria">Docklands</a> </td> <td>13.3 km (8.3 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #008995;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="12"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_12" title="Melbourne tram route 12">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Gardens_Shopping_Centre" title="Victoria Gardens Shopping Centre">Victoria Gardens Shopping Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Victoria" title="Richmond, Victoria">Richmond</a> </td> <td>Richmond – <a href="/wiki/East_Melbourne" title="East Melbourne">East Melbourne</a> – City – South Melbourne – <a href="/wiki/Middle_Park,_Victoria" title="Middle Park, Victoria">Middle Park</a> </td> <td>Fitzroy & Park Streets, <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda</a> </td> <td>11.3 km (7.0 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFDA66;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="16"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_16" title="Melbourne tram route 16">16</a> </td> <td>Melbourne University, Carlton </td> <td>City – St Kilda – Balaclava – Caulfield North – Malvern – <a href="/wiki/Hawthorn,_Victoria" title="Hawthorn, Victoria">Hawthorn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kew,_Victoria" title="Kew, Victoria">Kew</a> </td> <td>20.2 km (12.6 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8F4A78;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="19"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_19" title="Melbourne tram route 19">19</a><a href="#cite_note-nightnetwork-96">[a]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coburg_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Coburg North">Coburg North</a> </td> <td>Brunswick – <a href="/wiki/Parkville,_Victoria" title="Parkville, Victoria">Parkville</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flinders_Street_railway_station" title="Flinders Street railway station">Flinders Street railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_central_business_district" title="Melbourne central business district">City</a> </td> <td>10.2 km (6.3 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #4F4A9F;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="30"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_30" title="Melbourne tram route 30">30</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St_Vincent%27s_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="St Vincent's Plaza">St Vincent's Plaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Melbourne" title="East Melbourne">East Melbourne</a> </td> <td>City </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Docklands,_Victoria#Victoria_Harbour" title="Docklands, Victoria">Central Pier</a>, Docklands </td> <td>2.9 km (1.8 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #723B1F;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="35"><a href="/wiki/City_Circle_tram" title="City Circle tram">35</a><a href="#cite_note-r35-97">[b]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_District_Docklands" title="The District Docklands">The District Docklands</a> Shopping Centre<a href="#cite_note-sign-waterfront-98">[c]</a> </td> <td>City </td> <td>The District Docklands Shopping Centre<a href="#cite_note-sign-waterfront-98">[c]</a> </td> <td>7.6 km (4.7 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #434244;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="48"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_48" title="Melbourne tram route 48">48</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Balwyn_North" title="Balwyn North">North Balwyn</a> </td> <td>Kew – <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Victoria" title="Richmond, Victoria">Richmond</a> – East Melbourne – City </td> <td>Victoria Harbour, Docklands </td> <td>13.5 km (8.4 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #33BDCA;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="57"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_57" title="Melbourne tram route 57">57</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maribyrnong,_Victoria" title="Maribyrnong, Victoria">West Maribyrnong</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ascot_Vale,_Victoria" title="Ascot Vale, Victoria">Ascot Vale</a> – <a href="/wiki/Flemington,_Victoria" title="Flemington, Victoria">Flemington</a> – <a href="/wiki/North_Melbourne" title="North Melbourne">North Melbourne</a> </td> <td>Flinders Street railway station, City </td> <td>11.6 km (7.2 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #83898F;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="58"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_58" title="Melbourne tram route 58">58</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pascoe_Vale_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Pascoe Vale South">Pascoe Vale South</a><a href="#cite_note-sign-westcoburg-99">[d]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunswick West">Brunswick West</a> – Parkville – City – <a href="/wiki/Southbank,_Victoria" title="Southbank, Victoria">Southbank</a> – <a href="/wiki/South_Yarra" title="South Yarra">South Yarra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toorak" title="Toorak">Toorak</a> </td> <td>18.2 km (11.3 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #49805B;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="59"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_59" title="Melbourne tram route 59">59</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Airport_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport West">Airport West</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Essendon,_Victoria" title="Essendon, Victoria">Essendon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Moonee_Ponds" class="mw-redirect" title="Moonee Ponds">Moonee Ponds</a> – <a href="/wiki/Travancore,_Victoria" title="Travancore, Victoria">Travancore</a> – Parkville </td> <td>Flinders Street railway station, City </td> <td>14.7 km (9.1 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #1AAA6F;" rowspan="2"> </td> <td data-sort-value="64"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_64" title="Melbourne tram route 64">64</a> </td> <td>Melbourne University, Carlton </td> <td>City – Windsor – Armadale – <a href="/wiki/Caulfield,_Victoria" title="Caulfield, Victoria">Caulfield</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brighton_East" title="Brighton East">Brighton East</a> </td> <td>16.1 km (10.0 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="64.1"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_64" title="Melbourne tram route 64">64a</a><a href="#cite_note-Oct23changes-100">[96]</a> </td> <td>Orrong & Dandenong Roads, <a href="/wiki/Armadale,_Victoria" title="Armadale, Victoria">Armadale</a> (after 6:30 pm)<a href="#cite_note-r64a-101">[e]</a> </td> <td>Caulfield </td> <td>6.9 km (4.3 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #AC7963;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="67"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_67" title="Melbourne tram route 67">67</a><a href="#cite_note-nightnetwork-96">[a]</a> </td> <td>Melbourne University, Carlton </td> <td>City – Balaclava – <a href="/wiki/Elwood,_Victoria" title="Elwood, Victoria">Elwood</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elsternwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsternwick">Elsternwick</a> – Caulfield – <a href="/wiki/Glen_Huntly" class="mw-redirect" title="Glen Huntly">Glen Huntly</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnegie,_Victoria" title="Carnegie, Victoria">Carnegie</a> </td> <td>12.7 km (7.9 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F38BB9;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="70"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_70" title="Melbourne tram route 70">70</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wattle_Park,_Melbourne" title="Wattle Park, Melbourne">Wattle Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Hills,_Victoria" title="Surrey Hills, Victoria">Surrey Hills</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Camberwell,_Victoria" title="Camberwell, Victoria">Camberwell</a> – Hawthorn – Richmond – City </td> <td>The District Docklands Shopping Centre<a href="#cite_note-sign-waterfront-98">[c]</a> </td> <td>16.5 km (10.3 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #9EB4A5;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="72"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_72" title="Melbourne tram route 72">72</a> </td> <td>Melbourne University, Carlton </td> <td>City – Prahran – <a href="/wiki/Toorak" title="Toorak">Toorak</a> – <a href="/wiki/Glen_Iris,_Victoria" title="Glen Iris, Victoria">Glen Iris</a> – Camberwell </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deepdene,_Victoria" title="Deepdene, Victoria">Deepdene</a><a href="#cite_note-sign-camberwell-102">[f]</a> </td> <td>16.8 km (10.4 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #009FDA;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="75"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_75" title="Melbourne tram route 75">75</a><a href="#cite_note-nightnetwork-96">[a]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vermont_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermont South">Vermont South</a> Shopping Centre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burwood,_Victoria" title="Burwood, Victoria">Burwood</a> – Camberwell – Hawthorn – Richmond – City </td> <td>Central Pier, Docklands </td> <td>22.8 km (14.2 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #897CB9;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="78"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_78" title="Melbourne tram route 78">78</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Victoria" title="Richmond, Victoria">North Richmond</a> </td> <td>South Yarra – Prahran – Windsor </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Balaclava,_Victoria" title="Balaclava, Victoria">Balaclava</a> </td> <td>6.5 km (4.0 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #BED639;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="82"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_82" title="Melbourne tram route 82">82</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Footscray_railway_station" title="Footscray railway station">Footscray railway station</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maribyrnong,_Victoria" title="Maribyrnong, Victoria">Maribyrnong</a> – Ascot Vale </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moonee_Ponds_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Moonee Ponds Junction">Moonee Ponds Junction</a> </td> <td>9.2 km (5.7 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FEBA10;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="86"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_86" title="Melbourne tram route 86">86</a><a href="#cite_note-nightnetwork-96">[a]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RMIT_University#Bundoora" class="mw-redirect" title="RMIT University">RMIT University Bundoora</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Preston,_Victoria" title="Preston, Victoria">Preston</a> – Thornbury – Northcote – <a href="/wiki/Collingwood,_Victoria" title="Collingwood, Victoria">Collingwood</a> – Fitzroy – City </td> <td>The District Docklands Shopping Centre<a href="#cite_note-sign-waterfront-98">[c]</a> </td> <td>22.2 km (13.8 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E33385;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="96"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_96" title="Melbourne tram route 96">96</a><a href="#cite_note-nightnetwork-96">[a]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunswick East">Brunswick East</a> </td> <td>Carlton – City – South Melbourne – Albert Park – St Kilda </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda_Beach,_Victoria" title="St Kilda Beach, Victoria">St Kilda Beach</a> </td> <td>13.9 km (8.6 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F58122;"> </td> <td data-sort-value="109"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_109" title="Melbourne tram route 109">109</a><a href="#cite_note-nightnetwork-96">[a]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Box_Hill_Central_Shopping_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Box Hill Central Shopping Centre">Box Hill Central Shopping Centre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Balwyn" title="Balwyn">Balwyn</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kew,_Victoria" title="Kew, Victoria">Kew</a> – Richmond – East Melbourne – City </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Melbourne" title="Port Melbourne">Port Melbourne</a> </td> <td>19.2 km (11.9 mi) </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="6"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nightnetwork-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nightnetwork_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nightnetwork_96-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nightnetwork_96-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nightnetwork_96-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nightnetwork_96-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nightnetwork_96-5">f</a> <a href="/wiki/Night_Network_(Melbourne)" title="Night Network (Melbourne)">Operates overnight on Saturday and Sunday mornings.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-r35-97"><a href="#cite_ref-r35_97-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/City_Circle_tram" title="City Circle tram">City Circle</a> services operates in a clockwise direction between 9:30 am and 5:00 pm, excluding Good Friday and Christmas Day. </li> <li id="cite_note-sign-waterfront-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sign-waterfront_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sign-waterfront_98-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sign-waterfront_98-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sign-waterfront_98-3">d</a> Signed as <a href="/wiki/Docklands,_Victoria#Waterfront_City" title="Docklands, Victoria">Waterfront City Docklands</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-sign-westcoburg-99"><a href="#cite_ref-sign-westcoburg_99-0">^</a> Signed as West Coburg. </li> <li id="cite_note-r64a-101"><a href="#cite_ref-r64a_101-0">^</a> Connects with route 5 services to and from Melbourne University. </li> <li id="cite_note-sign-camberwell-102"><a href="#cite_ref-sign-camberwell_102-0">^</a> Signed as Camberwell. </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fleet">Fleet</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Fleet">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_Tram_1979.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Melbourne_Tram_1979.jpg/220px-Melbourne_Tram_1979.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Melbourne_Tram_1979.jpg/330px-Melbourne_Tram_1979.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Melbourne_Tram_1979.jpg/440px-Melbourne_Tram_1979.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>A tram travels down <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Street,_Melbourne" title="Brunswick Street, Melbourne">Brunswick Street</a>, 1979.</figcaption></figure> The Melbourne tram fleet currently comprises 520 trams as of May 2023.<a href="#cite_note-Yarra_Trams-103">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_classification" title="Melbourne tram classification">Classification</a> is based on the original system begun by the MMTB in 1921.<a href="#cite_note-cross-104">[98]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock" title="Rolling stock">rolling stock</a> is part of leases to Yarra Trams, with the W-, Z-, A- and B-class trams owned by the Victorian Government, and the C1-class and D-classes are subject to lease purchase agreements, while the C2-class trams were leased from <a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a>, France but are now state assets.<a href="#cite_note-Invitation_to_Tender-105">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bee_trams_to_stay,_but_at_what_price?-106">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="W-class">W-class</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: W-class">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/W-class_Melbourne_tram" title="W-class Melbourne tram">W-class Melbourne tram</a></div> W-class trams were introduced to Melbourne in 1923 as a new standard design. They have two equal-wheeled <a href="/wiki/Bogie" title="Bogie">bogies</a>, with all four axles powered by a separate motor; carbodies feature a distinctive "drop centre" section, allowing the passenger steps at the central doorways to be closer to the ground. A total of 756 W-class trams of 11 variants were built up until 1956, and they formed the mainstay of Melbourne's tramways system for 60 years.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne_&_Metropolitan_Tramways_Board_W_Class_No_380-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Melbourne's_W-class_tram-107">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-W_Class_Trams_–_NatTrust-108">[102]</a> It was not until the 1980s that the W-class started to be replaced in large numbers, and by 1990 their status as an icon for the city was recognised, leading to a listing by the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_of_Australia" title="National Trust of Australia">National Trust of Australia</a>. Public outrage over their sale for tourist use overseas led to an embargo on further export out of the country in 1993, though recently[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] some have been given or loaned to various Museums. Approximately 200 of the W-class trams retired since then remain stored, and the future use of these trams is unknown.<a href="#cite_note-W_Class_Trams_–_NatTrust-108">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[103]</a> W-class trams have been sent overseas: five went to <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> between 1978 and 1993, where they operated on Seattle's <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Waterfront_Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Waterfront Streetcar">George Benson Waterfront Streetcar Line</a> from 1982, but suspended in 2005. Another nine are now part of the downtown Memphis tourist service, while several[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] other US cities have one or two.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne's_W-class_tram-107">[101]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Radial_Railway_Society" title="Edmonton Radial Railway Society">Edmonton Radial Railway Society</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> received No. 930 in 1997, and currently operates it on the <a href="/wiki/High_Level_Bridge_Streetcar" title="High Level Bridge Streetcar">High Level Bridge Streetcar</a> heritage line. As of January 2015, there are approximately 230 W-class trams: about 165 are in storage, 27 are stored operational in "ready reserve", 12 run on the <a href="/wiki/City_Circle_tram" title="City Circle tram">City Circle</a> (the oldest W-class tram in service runs on the City Circle) and 26 are used in revenue service.<a href="#cite_note-110">[104]</a> In January 2010, it was announced by the new transport minister that the 26 W-class trams running the two inner city routes, would be phased out by 2012, prompting a new campaign from the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_of_Australia" title="National Trust of Australia">National Trust of Australia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[106]</a> In 2010, it was proposed to better utilise the unused W-class trams by refurbishing and leasing them as "roving ambassadors" to other cities, generating revenue which could then be invested back into the public transport system.<a href="#cite_note-113">[107]</a> In 2011 the Victoria government committed $8 million over four years for the restoration of W-class trams, with options for new routes to be considered.<a href="#cite_note-114">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[109]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:SW5.728FlindersStreet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A SW5-class tram on Flinders Street"><img alt="A SW5-class tram on Flinders Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/SW5.728FlindersStreet.jpg/120px-SW5.728FlindersStreet.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/SW5.728FlindersStreet.jpg/180px-SW5.728FlindersStreet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/SW5.728FlindersStreet.jpg/240px-SW5.728FlindersStreet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A SW5-class tram on <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Street,_Melbourne" title="Flinders Street, Melbourne">Flinders Street</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:W6_Melbourne_tram,_Nicholson_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A W6-class tram on Victoria Street"><img alt="A W6-class tram on Victoria Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/W6_Melbourne_tram%2C_Nicholson_Street.jpg/120px-W6_Melbourne_tram%2C_Nicholson_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/W6_Melbourne_tram%2C_Nicholson_Street.jpg/180px-W6_Melbourne_tram%2C_Nicholson_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/W6_Melbourne_tram%2C_Nicholson_Street.jpg/240px-W6_Melbourne_tram%2C_Nicholson_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A W6-class tram on <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Street,_Melbourne" title="Victoria Street, Melbourne">Victoria Street</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:City-Circle-Tram,-cnr-Flinders%26Elizabeth,-Melb,-12.08.2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A W7-class tram on Flinders Street"><img alt="A W7-class tram on Flinders Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/City-Circle-Tram%2C-cnr-Flinders%26Elizabeth%2C-Melb%2C-12.08.2008.jpg/120px-City-Circle-Tram%2C-cnr-Flinders%26Elizabeth%2C-Melb%2C-12.08.2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/City-Circle-Tram%2C-cnr-Flinders%26Elizabeth%2C-Melb%2C-12.08.2008.jpg/180px-City-Circle-Tram%2C-cnr-Flinders%26Elizabeth%2C-Melb%2C-12.08.2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/City-Circle-Tram%2C-cnr-Flinders%26Elizabeth%2C-Melb%2C-12.08.2008.jpg/240px-City-Circle-Tram%2C-cnr-Flinders%26Elizabeth%2C-Melb%2C-12.08.2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A W7-class tram on <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Street,_Melbourne" title="Flinders Street, Melbourne">Flinders Street</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Z-class">Z-class</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Z-class">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Z-class_Melbourne_tram" title="Z-class Melbourne tram">Z-class Melbourne tram</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z3_229_at_Footscray_Terminus_on_route_82,_in_PTV_livery,_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Z3_229_at_Footscray_Terminus_on_route_82%2C_in_PTV_livery%2C_2013.JPG/220px-Z3_229_at_Footscray_Terminus_on_route_82%2C_in_PTV_livery%2C_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Z3_229_at_Footscray_Terminus_on_route_82%2C_in_PTV_livery%2C_2013.JPG/330px-Z3_229_at_Footscray_Terminus_on_route_82%2C_in_PTV_livery%2C_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Z3_229_at_Footscray_Terminus_on_route_82%2C_in_PTV_livery%2C_2013.JPG/440px-Z3_229_at_Footscray_Terminus_on_route_82%2C_in_PTV_livery%2C_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A Z3-class tram</figcaption></figure> The development of new <a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock" title="Rolling stock">rolling stock</a> to replace the W-class began in the early 1970s, employing a modern design, based on the M28 trams running in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>, Sweden.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne's_Z-class_tram-116">[110]</a> The Z-class trams, built by <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Engineering" title="Commonwealth Engineering">Comeng</a>, were introduced in 1975. One hundred Z1-class trams were built between 1975 and 1979, the first 80 or so entering service as Z-class before being modified. The design proved unpopular with passengers due to the limited number of doors and the seated conductor.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne's_Z-class_tram-116">[110]</a> Most of the Z1-class trams were withdrawn following the introduction of the C, D and E class trams, with the last Z1-class being withdrawn on 23 April 2016. Many were later sold at auctions, while others were donated to tram museums.<a href="#cite_note-117">[111]</a> In 1978 and 1979, fifteen Z2-class trams were built, as a bridging order to maintain construction continuity between the Z1 and Z3-class trams. Some slight modifications were incorporated, the main visible ones being a larger anti-climber bumper and larger opening area for the driver's side-window, otherwise they resemble the Z1-class vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne's_Z-class_tram-116">[110]</a> The last Z2-class tram was withdrawn from service on 21 April 2016.<a href="#cite_note-118">[112]</a> One hundred and fifteen Z3-class trams entered service between 1979 and 1984. They were designed with an additional door on each side of the tram, the rear door improving passenger flow. Different motors and control equipment were fitted, resulting in smoother acceleration and braking compared to the Z1-class. As with the preceding Z1 and Z2-class trams, the conductor's console was removed when one-person operation was introduced in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne's_Z-class_tram-116">[110]</a> 111 remain in service.<a href="#cite_note-119">[113]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Z1_Melbourne_tram.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Z1-class tram at Federation Square, Swanston Street"><img alt="A Z1-class tram at Federation Square, Swanston Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Z1_Melbourne_tram.jpg/120px-Z1_Melbourne_tram.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Z1_Melbourne_tram.jpg/180px-Z1_Melbourne_tram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Z1_Melbourne_tram.jpg/240px-Z1_Melbourne_tram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Z1-class tram at <a href="/wiki/Federation_Square" title="Federation Square">Federation Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swanston_Street" title="Swanston Street">Swanston Street</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Z2_101_Swanston_Street_4-10-2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Z2-class tram at City Square, Swanston Street"><img alt="A Z2-class tram at City Square, Swanston Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Z2_101_Swanston_Street_4-10-2012.jpg/120px-Z2_101_Swanston_Street_4-10-2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Z2_101_Swanston_Street_4-10-2012.jpg/180px-Z2_101_Swanston_Street_4-10-2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Z2_101_Swanston_Street_4-10-2012.jpg/240px-Z2_101_Swanston_Street_4-10-2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Z2-class tram at City Square, <a href="/wiki/Swanston_Street" title="Swanston Street">Swanston Street</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Z3-class_Melbourne_tram_interior,_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Z3-class tram interior"><img alt="A Z3-class tram interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Z3-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.jpg/120px-Z3-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Z3-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.jpg/180px-Z3-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Z3-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.jpg/240px-Z3-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5106" data-file-height="3404" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Z3-class tram interior</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A-class">A-class</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: A-class">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/A-class_Melbourne_tram" title="A-class Melbourne tram">A-class Melbourne tram</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A2273_YarraTrams_PTV_Livery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/A2273_YarraTrams_PTV_Livery.jpg/220px-A2273_YarraTrams_PTV_Livery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/A2273_YarraTrams_PTV_Livery.jpg/330px-A2273_YarraTrams_PTV_Livery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/A2273_YarraTrams_PTV_Livery.jpg/440px-A2273_YarraTrams_PTV_Livery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>An A2-class tram</figcaption></figure> The A-class trams were built between 1984 and 1987 by <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Engineering" title="Commonwealth Engineering">Comeng</a>. They were built in two batches: 28 A1-class trams entered service between 1984 and 1985, and 42 A2-class trams between 1985 and 1986. They were similar – the major differences being the brakes, door operating mechanisms, and that the A1-class were built with <a href="/wiki/Trolley_poles" class="mw-redirect" title="Trolley poles">trolley poles</a>, while A2-class were the first trams for Melbourne that were equipped with <a href="/wiki/Pantograph_(rail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantograph (rail)">pantographs</a> only.<a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a> All but one that were built remain in service at present.<a href="#cite_note-121">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[116]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:A1_class_tram.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An A1-class tram at Federation Square, Flinders Street"><img alt="An A1-class tram at Federation Square, Flinders Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/A1_class_tram.jpg/120px-A1_class_tram.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/A1_class_tram.jpg/180px-A1_class_tram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/A1_class_tram.jpg/240px-A1_class_tram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">An A1-class tram at <a href="/wiki/Federation_Square" title="Federation Square">Federation Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Street,_Melbourne" title="Flinders Street, Melbourne">Flinders Street</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:A1.234_spencer,_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="An A1-class tram"><img alt="An A1-class tram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A1.234_spencer%2C_2014.JPG/120px-A1.234_spencer%2C_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A1.234_spencer%2C_2014.JPG/180px-A1.234_spencer%2C_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A1.234_spencer%2C_2014.JPG/240px-A1.234_spencer%2C_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3431" data-file-height="2234" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">An A1-class tram</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:A2.272FlindersStreet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An A2-class tram on Flinders Street"><img alt="An A2-class tram on Flinders Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/A2.272FlindersStreet.jpg/120px-A2.272FlindersStreet.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/A2.272FlindersStreet.jpg/180px-A2.272FlindersStreet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/A2.272FlindersStreet.jpg/240px-A2.272FlindersStreet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">An A2-class tram on <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Street,_Melbourne" title="Flinders Street, Melbourne">Flinders Street</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="B-class">B-class</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: B-class">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/B-class_Melbourne_tram" title="B-class Melbourne tram">B-class Melbourne tram</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B_2086_PTV_livery_Sep_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/B_2086_PTV_livery_Sep_2014.JPG/220px-B_2086_PTV_livery_Sep_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/B_2086_PTV_livery_Sep_2014.JPG/330px-B_2086_PTV_livery_Sep_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/B_2086_PTV_livery_Sep_2014.JPG/440px-B_2086_PTV_livery_Sep_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>A B2-class tram</figcaption></figure> Two B1-class trams were built as part of the order for 28 A1-class trams in 1984 and 1985.<a href="#cite_note-123">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Melbourne's_B-class_tram-124">[118]</a> The B-class trams used the same traction equipment as the Z3 and A-class trams, and were designed for operating on the light rail lines. They were originally built with both trolley poles and pantographs, as well as movable steps to allow railway platform and street level boarding, however this concept was later abandoned when low-floor platforms replaced railway-height ones at the converted light rail stations. Both B1-class trams were withdrawn in 2018. B2-class trams entered service between 1988 and 1994, differing from the B1-class prototypes by not having trolley poles, having <a href="/wiki/Dot-matrix_display" title="Dot-matrix display">dot-matrix destination displays</a>, and non-opening windows. 130 trams were built by Comeng, and later <a href="/wiki/ABB" title="ABB">ABB</a>; all of which remain in service today. The B2-class was the first Melbourne tram fitted with <a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">air conditioning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne's_B-class_tram-124">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-B2_Class-125">[119]</a> B-class trams were the first articulated trams to serve on the Melbourne network. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:B1.2001_bourke,_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="B1-class tram #2001"><img alt="B1-class tram #2001" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/B1.2001_bourke%2C_2014.JPG/120px-B1.2001_bourke%2C_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/B1.2001_bourke%2C_2014.JPG/180px-B1.2001_bourke%2C_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/B1.2001_bourke%2C_2014.JPG/240px-B1.2001_bourke%2C_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">B1-class tram #2001</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:B2-class_Melbourne_tram_interior,_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A B2-class tram interior"><img alt="A B2-class tram interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/B2-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.JPG/120px-B2-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/B2-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.JPG/180px-B2-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/B2-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.JPG/240px-B2-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A B2-class tram interior</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="C-class_(Citadis)">C-class (Citadis)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: C-class (Citadis)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/C-class_Melbourne_tram" title="C-class Melbourne tram">C-class Melbourne tram</a> and <a href="/wiki/C2-class_Melbourne_tram" title="C2-class Melbourne tram">C2-class Melbourne tram</a></div> Following the privatisation of Melbourne's tram system in 1999, the private operators acquired new trams to replace the older Z-class trams. In 2001, Yarra Trams introduced the <a href="/wiki/Low-floor_tram" title="Low-floor tram">low-floor</a> C1-class trams, a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Alstom_Citadis" title="Alstom Citadis">Citadis</a> manufactured in France by <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a>. They are three-section articulated vehicles, with 36 in service.<a href="#cite_note-C-class-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[120]</a> Five C2-class trams, a five-section articulated variant of the Alstom Citadis, began running in Melbourne in 2008 after being leased from <a href="/wiki/Mulhouse_tramway" title="Mulhouse tramway">Mulhouse</a> in France. They were dubbed 'Bumble Bees' due to the distinctive yellow colour scheme they carried when first introduced, and run exclusively on route 96. In November 2010 it was announced that the State Government was in negotiations to purchase the five C2-class trams,<a href="#cite_note-Bee_trams_to_stay,_but_at_what_price?-106">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[121]</a> with the purchase finalised in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-PTV-TPP-128">[122]</a> They can hold 54 seated passengers and 150 standing passengers. The C1-class trams are owned by Allco entity and are subject to a lease purchase agreement, while the C2-class trams were initially leased from Société Générale entity,<a href="#cite_note-Invitation_to_Tender-105">[99]</a> they were subsequently purchased by the Victorian Government in the 2012–2013 financial year.<a href="#cite_note-PTV-TPP-128">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[123]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:C.3025_collins,_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A C1-class tram"><img alt="A C1-class tram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/C.3025_collins%2C_2014.JPG/120px-C.3025_collins%2C_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/C.3025_collins%2C_2014.JPG/180px-C.3025_collins%2C_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/C.3025_collins%2C_2014.JPG/240px-C.3025_collins%2C_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3580" data-file-height="2377" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A C1-class tram</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:C2.5123_bourke,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A C2-class tram"><img alt="A C2-class tram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/C2.5123_bourke%2C_2014.jpg/120px-C2.5123_bourke%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/C2.5123_bourke%2C_2014.jpg/180px-C2.5123_bourke%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/C2.5123_bourke%2C_2014.jpg/240px-C2.5123_bourke%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2232" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A C2-class tram</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="D-class_(Combino)">D-class (Combino)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: D-class (Combino)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/D-class_Melbourne_tram" title="D-class Melbourne tram">D-class Melbourne tram</a></div> The German-made <a href="/wiki/Siemens_Combino" title="Siemens Combino">Siemens Combino</a> trams were introduced by the now defunct <a href="/wiki/M-Tram" title="M-Tram">M>Tram</a> between 2002 and 2004. The Combino is a three-section (<a href="/wiki/D-class_Melbourne_tram" title="D-class Melbourne tram">D1-class</a>) or five-section (<a href="/wiki/D-class_Melbourne_tram" title="D-class Melbourne tram">D2-class</a>) low-floor articulated vehicle.<a href="#cite_note-130">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[125]</a> The D-class trams are subject to a lease purchase agreement.<a href="#cite_note-Invitation_to_Tender-105">[99]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:D1.3528_flinders,_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A D1-class tram"><img alt="A D1-class tram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/D1.3528_flinders%2C_2014.JPG/120px-D1.3528_flinders%2C_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/D1.3528_flinders%2C_2014.JPG/180px-D1.3528_flinders%2C_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/D1.3528_flinders%2C_2014.JPG/240px-D1.3528_flinders%2C_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3426" data-file-height="2286" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A D1-class tram</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:D2_5001_(Melbourne_tram)_in_Elizabeth_St_on_route_19_to_North_Coburg_in_PTV_livery,_December_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A D2-class tram"><img alt="A D2-class tram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/D2_5001_%28Melbourne_tram%29_in_Elizabeth_St_on_route_19_to_North_Coburg_in_PTV_livery%2C_December_2013.jpg/120px-D2_5001_%28Melbourne_tram%29_in_Elizabeth_St_on_route_19_to_North_Coburg_in_PTV_livery%2C_December_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/D2_5001_%28Melbourne_tram%29_in_Elizabeth_St_on_route_19_to_North_Coburg_in_PTV_livery%2C_December_2013.jpg/180px-D2_5001_%28Melbourne_tram%29_in_Elizabeth_St_on_route_19_to_North_Coburg_in_PTV_livery%2C_December_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/D2_5001_%28Melbourne_tram%29_in_Elizabeth_St_on_route_19_to_North_Coburg_in_PTV_livery%2C_December_2013.jpg/240px-D2_5001_%28Melbourne_tram%29_in_Elizabeth_St_on_route_19_to_North_Coburg_in_PTV_livery%2C_December_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4960" data-file-height="2828" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A D2-class tram</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:D2-class_Melbourne_tram_interior,_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A D2-class tram interior"><img alt="A D2-class tram interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/D2-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.JPG/120px-D2-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/D2-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.JPG/180px-D2-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/D2-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.JPG/240px-D2-class_Melbourne_tram_interior%2C_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5124" data-file-height="3416" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A D2-class tram interior</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="E-class_(Flexity)">E-class (Flexity)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: E-class (Flexity)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/E-class_Melbourne_tram" title="E-class Melbourne tram">E-class Melbourne tram</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_Tram_E-Class_6007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Melbourne_Tram_E-Class_6007.jpg/220px-Melbourne_Tram_E-Class_6007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Melbourne_Tram_E-Class_6007.jpg/330px-Melbourne_Tram_E-Class_6007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Melbourne_Tram_E-Class_6007.jpg/440px-Melbourne_Tram_E-Class_6007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>An E1-Class tram in <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E2.6057_bourke,_2023_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/E2.6057_bourke%2C_2023_%2801%29.jpg/220px-E2.6057_bourke%2C_2023_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/E2.6057_bourke%2C_2023_%2801%29.jpg/330px-E2.6057_bourke%2C_2023_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/E2.6057_bourke%2C_2023_%2801%29.jpg/440px-E2.6057_bourke%2C_2023_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="2520" /></a><figcaption>An E2-Class tram in <a href="/wiki/Bourke_Street,_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourke Street, Melbourne">Bourke Street</a></figcaption></figure> The E-class are three-section, four-<a href="/wiki/Bogie" title="Bogie">bogie</a> articulated trams, based on the <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Flexity_Swift" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Flexity Swift">Bombardier Flexity Swift</a> design and built at <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Transportation" title="Bombardier Transportation">Bombardier Transportation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dandenong" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandenong">Dandenong</a> factory. The propulsion systems and bogies were imported from Bombardier's Mannheim and Siegen factories in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-Bombardier_Wins_Contract_for_50_Trams_for_One_of_the_World's_Largest_Tram_Operations_in_Melbourne,_Australia-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-VICSIG_E-132">[126]</a> Bombardier was selected on 27 September 2010 following a tendering process for 50 new low-floor trams, which was opened in 2009. The $303 million contract was for supply of 50 trams with maintenance to 2017, and included an option for a further 100 trams.<a href="#cite_note-50_TRAMS_ORDER_FOR_MELBOURNE_CREATES_LOCAL_JOBS-64">[64]</a> The E-class trams are the first locally built Melbourne trams since the B-class in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne's_newest_tram_–_the_story_so_far-133">[127]</a> E-class trams are 33 metres long and 2.65 metres wide, have anti-slip flooring, are air-conditioned, have automatic audio-visual announcements and a passenger capacity of 210. A two-thirds mock up, produced for design input, was unveiled on 24 August 2011 and was displayed at the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Melbourne_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Melbourne Show">Royal Melbourne Show</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne's_newest_tram_–_the_story_so_far-133">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[130]</a> Although originally anticipated to be delivered in 2012, design complexity slowed down construction, delaying delivery of the first tram.<a href="#cite_note-Carey-67">[67]</a> The first two E1-class trams entered service on 4 November 2013,<a href="#cite_note-Longer_and_louder:_New_E-Class_tram_makes_itself_heard-69">[69]</a> and the last of the fifty on 24 April 2017.<a href="#cite_note-137">[131]</a> In May 2015, the State Government announced it had partially taken up the option, ordering a further 20<a href="#cite_note-138">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[133]</a> to a slightly modified design; the first of these entered service on 13 June 2017. This updated design focused on improved safety, in response to a significant increase in passenger injuries, and implemented measures such as glare reduction to allow improved road visibility for drivers and extra handholds and grab rails for passengers.<a href="#cite_note-140">[134]</a> Further extensions to this order have since been made, and as of 1 October 2021 there are 50 E2-class trams in service. A total of 100 E-class trams are currently in service.<a href="#cite_note-141">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="G-class_(Next_Generation_Trams)">G-class (Next Generation Trams)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: G-class (Next Generation Trams)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/G-class_Melbourne_tram" title="G-class Melbourne tram">G-class Melbourne tram</a></div> In November 2020, plans were announced for 100 Next Generation Trams in the 2020 Victorian Budget, at a cost of around $1.5 billion. <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a> and a joint venture comprising <a href="/wiki/UGL_Rail" title="UGL Rail">UGL Rail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Construcciones_y_Auxiliar_de_Ferrocarriles" title="Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles">CAF</a> were shortlisted to design and build these new trams,<a href="#cite_note-:0-92">[92]</a> with the first of the new models entering service in 2025.<a href="#cite_note-142">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[138]</a> The new low floor trams will replace the older classes of trams, which are not accessible due to their high floor designs.<a href="#cite_note-145">[139]</a> They are planned to be shorter than the E-Class at 25-metres long, with an option for a 35-metre long version.<a href="#cite_note-:0-92">[92]</a> They are planned to carry 150 passengers with seating for 48, and will include new technology for Melbourne's fleet including on-board batteries and regenerative braking, resulting in lower power consumption.<a href="#cite_note-:0-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-94">[94]</a> In April 2022 the Victorian Government announced that Alstom would build 100 new trams and provide 15 years of maintenance.<a href="#cite_note-146">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-147">[141]</a> As part of the $1.85 billion project, a new stabling and maintenance facility will be constructed at <a href="/wiki/Maidstone_tram_depot" title="Maidstone tram depot">Maidstone</a> in Melbourne's west to house the new trams.<a href="#cite_note-:3-148">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[143]</a> The trams are to be based on the <a href="/wiki/Flexity_2" title="Flexity 2">Bombardier Flexity 2</a> design, customised to Melbourne's network, and will include 65% locally made content.<a href="#cite_note-:3-148">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[144]</a> The tram order is the largest in Australian history and the fleet is designed to use less power than the E-class so as not to require new power or traction infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-:2-147">[141]</a> The trams are to be known as the G-class.<a href="#cite_note-:3-148">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patronage">Patronage</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Patronage">edit</a>]</div> The following table lists patronage figures for the network during the corresponding financial year. Australia's financial years start on 1 July and end on 30 June. Major events that affected the number of journeys made or how patronage is measured are included as notes. <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;"> <caption>Melbourne tram patronage by financial year </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1221560606">@supports(writing-mode:vertical-rl){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header{line-height:1;max-width:1em;padding:0.4em;vertical-align:bottom;width:1em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sortable:not(.jquery-tablesorter) .ts-vertical-header:not(.unsortable),html.client-js .mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.headerSort{background-position:50%.4em;padding-right:0.4em;padding-top:21px}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-top{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-middle{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-normal{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{display:inline-block;transform:rotate(180deg);writing-mode:vertical-rl}@supports(writing-mode:sideways-lr){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{transform:none;writing-mode:sideways-lr}}}</style>2000s</div> </th> <th>Year </th> <td>2000–01</td> <td>2001–02</td> <td>2002–03</td> <td>2003–04</td> <td>2004–05</td> <td>2005–06</td> <td>2006–07</td> <td>2007–08</td> <td>2008–09</td> <td>2009–10 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Patronage (millions) </th> <td>129.4 </td> <td>131.9 </td> <td>134.7 </td> <td>135.9 </td> <td>145.3 <a href="#cite_note-2004–05-151">[a]</a> </td> <td>149.6 <a href="#cite_note-2005–06-152">[b]</a> </td> <td>154.9 </td> <td>158.3 </td> <td>178.1 </td> <td>175.5 </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%"> <th>Reference </th> <td colspan="10"><a href="#cite_note-track_record-153">[145]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:2px solid"> <th rowspan="3" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2010s</div> </th> <th>Year </th> <td>2010–11</td> <td>2011–12</td> <td>2012–13</td> <td>2013–14</td> <td>2014–15</td> <td>2015–16</td> <td>2016–17</td> <td>2017–18</td> <td>2018-19</td> <td>2019-20</td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Patronage (millions) </th> <td>182.7 </td> <td>191.6 </td> <td>182.7 </td> <td>176.9 </td> <td>182.1 </td> <td>203.8 </td> <td>204.0 </td> <td>206.3 </td> <td>205.4 </td> <td>141.8 <a href="#cite_note-COVID19-154">[c]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%"> <th>Reference </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="#cite_note-track_record-153">[145]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-155">[146]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-156">[147]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-157">[148]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-158">[149]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-159">[150]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-ptvannualreport201819-160">[151]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-datavicmonthlypatronage-161">[152]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:2px solid"> <th rowspan="3" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2020s</div> </th> <th>Year </th> <td>2020–21</td> <td>2021–22</td> <td>2022-23</td> <td>2023-24 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Patronage (millions) </th> <td>60.2 <a href="#cite_note-COVID19-154">[c]</a> </td> <td>82.9 <a href="#cite_note-COVID19-154">[c]</a> </td> <td>147.6 <a href="#cite_note-COVID19-154">[c]</a> </td> <td>154.8 </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%"> <th>Reference </th> <td><a href="#cite_note-datavicmonthlypatronage-161">[152]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-162">[153]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dtpannualreport202223-163">[154]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dtpannualreport2324-3">[3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="text-align:center;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2004–05-151"><a href="#cite_ref-2004–05_151-0">^</a> Patronage estimates use a different methodology from 2004–05, resulting in a "step-change" in patronage estimates from 2003–04 to 2004–05. </li> <li id="cite_note-2005–06-152"><a href="#cite_ref-2005–06_152-0">^</a> Figures exclude additional patronage associated with the 2006 Commonwealth Games. </li> <li id="cite_note-COVID19-154">^ <a href="#cite_ref-COVID19_154-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-COVID19_154-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-COVID19_154-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-COVID19_154-3">d</a> Patronage was severely impacted by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Victoria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria">COVID-19 Pandemic</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depots">Depots</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Depots">edit</a>]</div> Melbourne's trams run out of eight depots.<a href="#cite_note-YT_facts-5">[5]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center"> </th> <th>Depot </th> <th>Routes </th> <th>Trams </th></tr> <tr> <td class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Brunswick_Tram_Depot_shed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A photo of Brunswick tram depot shed, with a handful of Z class trams inside"><img alt="A photo of Brunswick tram depot shed, with a handful of Z class trams inside" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brunswick_Tram_Depot_shed.jpg/150px-Brunswick_Tram_Depot_shed.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brunswick_Tram_Depot_shed.jpg/225px-Brunswick_Tram_Depot_shed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brunswick_Tram_Depot_shed.jpg/300px-Brunswick_Tram_Depot_shed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_tram_depot" title="Brunswick tram depot">Brunswick</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_1" title="Melbourne tram route 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_6" title="Melbourne tram route 6">6</a> (Shared with Malvern)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_19" title="Melbourne tram route 19">19</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="white-space:nowrap;"> <ul><li>10 <a href="/wiki/Z-class_Melbourne_tram" title="Z-class Melbourne tram">Z3 Class</a></li> <li>21 <a href="/wiki/B-class_Melbourne_tram" title="B-class Melbourne tram">B2 Class</a></li> <li>21 <a href="/wiki/D-class_Melbourne_tram" title="D-class Melbourne tram">D2 Class</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Camberwell_Depot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A photo of Camberwell tram depot shed, with one tram, a B class tram inside"><img alt="A photo of Camberwell tram depot shed, with one tram, a B class tram inside" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Camberwell_Depot.jpg/150px-Camberwell_Depot.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Camberwell_Depot.jpg/225px-Camberwell_Depot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Camberwell_Depot.jpg/300px-Camberwell_Depot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Camberwell_tram_depot" title="Camberwell tram depot">Camberwell</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_70" title="Melbourne tram route 70">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_75" title="Melbourne tram route 75">75</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="white-space:nowrap;"> <ul><li>4 <a href="/wiki/A-class_Melbourne_tram" title="A-class Melbourne tram">A1 Class</a></li> <li>20 <a href="/wiki/A-class_Melbourne_tram" title="A-class Melbourne tram">A2 Class</a></li> <li>40 <a href="/wiki/B-class_Melbourne_tram" title="B-class Melbourne tram">B2 Class</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Essendon_tram_depot,_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Essendon tram depot, viewed from the southern gate, 2013"><img alt="Essendon tram depot, viewed from the southern gate, 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Essendon_tram_depot%2C_2013.JPG/150px-Essendon_tram_depot%2C_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Essendon_tram_depot%2C_2013.JPG/225px-Essendon_tram_depot%2C_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Essendon_tram_depot%2C_2013.JPG/300px-Essendon_tram_depot%2C_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Essendon_tram_depot" title="Essendon tram depot">Essendon</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_57" title="Melbourne tram route 57">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_58" title="Melbourne tram route 58">58</a> (Shared with Southbank)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_59" title="Melbourne tram route 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_82" title="Melbourne tram route 82">82</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="white-space:nowrap;"> <ul><li>34 <a href="/wiki/Z-class_Melbourne_tram" title="Z-class Melbourne tram">Z3 Class</a></li> <li>28 <a href="/wiki/B-class_Melbourne_tram" title="B-class Melbourne tram">B2 Class</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Glenhuntly_Tram_Depot_main_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A photo of the main entrance for Glenhuntly tram depot. There is double track up the right hand side, leading to the sheds in the back."><img alt="A photo of the main entrance for Glenhuntly tram depot. There is double track up the right hand side, leading to the sheds in the back." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Glenhuntly_Tram_Depot_main_entrance.jpg/150px-Glenhuntly_Tram_Depot_main_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Glenhuntly_Tram_Depot_main_entrance.jpg/225px-Glenhuntly_Tram_Depot_main_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Glenhuntly_Tram_Depot_main_entrance.jpg/300px-Glenhuntly_Tram_Depot_main_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glenhuntly_tram_depot" title="Glenhuntly tram depot">Glenhuntly</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_3" title="Melbourne tram route 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_64" title="Melbourne tram route 64">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_67" title="Melbourne tram route 67">67</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="white-space:nowrap;"> <ul><li>9 <a href="/wiki/Z-class_Melbourne_tram" title="Z-class Melbourne tram">Z3 Class</a></li> <li>41 <a href="/wiki/B-class_Melbourne_tram" title="B-class Melbourne tram">B2 Class</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Depot,_with_C.3026_passing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A photo of Kew tram depot. There is one C-class stabled and another C-class is passing the depot on Barkers Road."><img alt="A photo of Kew tram depot. There is one C-class stabled and another C-class is passing the depot on Barkers Road." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kew_Depot%2C_with_C.3026_passing.jpg/150px-Kew_Depot%2C_with_C.3026_passing.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kew_Depot%2C_with_C.3026_passing.jpg/225px-Kew_Depot%2C_with_C.3026_passing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kew_Depot%2C_with_C.3026_passing.jpg/300px-Kew_Depot%2C_with_C.3026_passing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kew_tram_depot" title="Kew tram depot">Kew</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_48" title="Melbourne tram route 48">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_78" title="Melbourne tram route 78">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_109" title="Melbourne tram route 109">109</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="white-space:nowrap;"> <ul><li>20 <a href="/wiki/A-class_Melbourne_tram" title="A-class Melbourne tram">A2 Class</a></li> <li>36 <a href="/wiki/C-class_Melbourne_tram" title="C-class Melbourne tram">C Class</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Malvern_tram_depot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A photo of Malvern tram depot"><img alt="A photo of Malvern tram depot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Malvern_tram_depot.jpg/150px-Malvern_tram_depot.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Malvern_tram_depot.jpg/225px-Malvern_tram_depot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Malvern_tram_depot.jpg/300px-Malvern_tram_depot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="586" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malvern_tram_depot" title="Malvern tram depot">Malvern</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_5" title="Melbourne tram route 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_6" title="Melbourne tram route 6">6</a> (Shared with Brunswick)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_16" title="Melbourne tram route 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_72" title="Melbourne tram route 72">72</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="white-space:nowrap;"> <ul><li>47 <a href="/wiki/Z-class_Melbourne_tram" title="Z-class Melbourne tram">Z3 Class</a></li> <li>38 <a href="/wiki/D-class_Melbourne_tram" title="D-class Melbourne tram">D1 Class</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Miller_Street_entrance_to_Preston_Workshop,_April_2013..JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A photo of Preston Workshops"><img alt="A photo of Preston Workshops" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Miller_Street_entrance_to_Preston_Workshop%2C_April_2013..JPG/150px-Miller_Street_entrance_to_Preston_Workshop%2C_April_2013..JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Miller_Street_entrance_to_Preston_Workshop%2C_April_2013..JPG/225px-Miller_Street_entrance_to_Preston_Workshop%2C_April_2013..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Miller_Street_entrance_to_Preston_Workshop%2C_April_2013..JPG/300px-Miller_Street_entrance_to_Preston_Workshop%2C_April_2013..JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Preston_Workshops" title="Preston Workshops">Preston</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_11" title="Melbourne tram route 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_86" title="Melbourne tram route 86">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_96" title="Melbourne tram route 96">96</a> (Shared with Southbank)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="white-space:nowrap;"> <ul><li>48 <a href="/wiki/E-class_Melbourne_tram" title="E-class Melbourne tram">E Class</a></li> <li>24 <a href="/wiki/E-class_Melbourne_tram" title="E-class Melbourne tram">E2 Class</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Southbank-tram-depot-Melbourne.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A photo of Southbank tram depot yard. C2-, W-, and A-class trams are stabled inside"><img alt="A photo of Southbank tram depot yard. C2-, W-, and A-class trams are stabled inside" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Southbank-tram-depot-Melbourne.jpg/150px-Southbank-tram-depot-Melbourne.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Southbank-tram-depot-Melbourne.jpg/225px-Southbank-tram-depot-Melbourne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Southbank-tram-depot-Melbourne.jpg/300px-Southbank-tram-depot-Melbourne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="973" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southbank_tram_depot" title="Southbank tram depot">Southbank</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_12" title="Melbourne tram route 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_30" title="Melbourne tram route 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Circle_tram" title="City Circle tram">35 (City Circle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_58" title="Melbourne tram route 58"> 58</a> (Shared with Essendon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_96" title="Melbourne tram route 96">96</a> (Shared with Preston)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="white-space:nowrap;"> <ul><li>3 <a href="/wiki/W-class_Melbourne_tram" title="W-class Melbourne tram">SW6 Class</a></li> <li>12 <a href="/wiki/W-class_Melbourne_tram" title="W-class Melbourne tram">W8 Class</a></li> <li>23 <a href="/wiki/A-class_Melbourne_tram" title="A-class Melbourne tram">A1 Class</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/A-class_Melbourne_tram" title="A-class Melbourne tram">A2 Class</a></li> <li>5 <a href="/wiki/C2-class_Melbourne_tram" title="C2-class Melbourne tram">C2 Class</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/D-class_Melbourne_tram" title="D-class Melbourne tram">E Class</a></li> <li>26 <a href="/wiki/E-class_Melbourne_tram" title="E-class Melbourne tram">E2 Class</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%">Source: Vicsig<a href="#cite_note-164">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[162]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Power_supply">Power supply</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Power supply">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holden_St_tramway_substation,_North_Fitzroy,_Melbourne,_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Holden_St_tramway_substation%2C_North_Fitzroy%2C_Melbourne%2C_2013.JPG/220px-Holden_St_tramway_substation%2C_North_Fitzroy%2C_Melbourne%2C_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Holden_St_tramway_substation%2C_North_Fitzroy%2C_Melbourne%2C_2013.JPG/330px-Holden_St_tramway_substation%2C_North_Fitzroy%2C_Melbourne%2C_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Holden_St_tramway_substation%2C_North_Fitzroy%2C_Melbourne%2C_2013.JPG/440px-Holden_St_tramway_substation%2C_North_Fitzroy%2C_Melbourne%2C_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5030" data-file-height="3354" /></a><figcaption>A tramway substation in <a href="/wiki/Fitzroy_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitzroy North">Fitzroy North</a></figcaption></figure> Melbourne's tram system operates on 600 volt <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">DC electricity</a>, provided to the over head lines by a network of 60 (as of March 2021) <a href="/wiki/Traction_substation" title="Traction substation">substations</a> spread across the network. Electricity is supplied to these substations in either 6.6, 11, or 22 kilovolt 50 hertz AC and is then stepped down, and rectified to 600 volt DC. The overhead system is further separated into 100 sections, this is done both to maintain voltage and current across the network, and to isolate disruptions when issues relating to the electrical transmission system occur. The most common disturbances to the supply system are over height vehicles, falling tree limbs, damaged poles, and fires nearby to overhead wires.<a href="#cite_note-Substation_to_Substation_–_Melbourne's_tram_power_infrastructure-172">[163]</a> Since 2013 Yarra Trams have been provisioning for the upgrade of substations across the network. This is due to the increased amount of current required by newer trams such as the E-class and other low-floor trams scheduled for wider deployment across the system. Additionally, they are concurrently planning for the further segmentation of the supply network; further isolating disruptions caused by disturbance to the supply system.<a href="#cite_note-Substation_to_Substation_–_Melbourne's_tram_power_infrastructure-172">[163]</a> In January 2017, the state government announced tenders to power Melbourne's tram network with <a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">solar power</a>, to be supplied at <a href="/wiki/Mildura" title="Mildura">Mildura</a> with a new 75 MW solar power plant by the end of 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne's_trams_to_be_solar_powered-173">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-Melbourne's_tram_network_to_use_solar_energy_by_the_end_of_2018,_Government_says-174">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Solar_to_help_power_Melbourne's_trams-175">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tram–train_level_crossings">Tram–train level crossings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Tram–train level crossings">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z2_101_crossing_Kooyong_Station_level_crossing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Z2_101_crossing_Kooyong_Station_level_crossing.jpg/220px-Z2_101_crossing_Kooyong_Station_level_crossing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Z2_101_crossing_Kooyong_Station_level_crossing.jpg/330px-Z2_101_crossing_Kooyong_Station_level_crossing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Z2_101_crossing_Kooyong_Station_level_crossing.jpg/440px-Z2_101_crossing_Kooyong_Station_level_crossing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Z2 101 crossing <a href="/wiki/Kooyong_railway_station" title="Kooyong railway station">Kooyong station</a> level crossing</figcaption></figure> There are currently two level crossings where trams and trains cross each other: <a href="/wiki/Glenferrie_Road" title="Glenferrie Road">Glenferrie Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kooyong,_Victoria" title="Kooyong, Victoria">Kooyong</a>; and Riversdale Road, <a href="/wiki/Camberwell,_Victoria" title="Camberwell, Victoria">Camberwell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[167]</a> Two more recently existed, one at <a href="/wiki/Burke_Road" title="Burke Road">Burke Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Iris,_Victoria" title="Glen Iris, Victoria">Glen Iris</a>, operated until 2015, when it was removed along with <a href="/wiki/Gardiner_railway_station" title="Gardiner railway station">Gardiner station</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Level_Crossing_Removal_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Level Crossing Removal Authority">Level Crossing Removal Project</a>,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and one at Glen Huntly Road, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Huntly" class="mw-redirect" title="Glen Huntly">Glen Huntly</a>, operated until 2023, when it was closed along with the <a href="/wiki/Glen_Huntly_railway_station" title="Glen Huntly railway station">Glen Huntly station</a> under the same project.<a href="#cite_note-177">[168]</a> To accommodate the differing voltages of the 600-volt tram and 1500-volt train systems each of these level crossings is fitted with an overhead square, which can isolate the section of overhead wiring above the crossing and apply the appropriate voltage. When the signal box adjacent to the crossing interlocks the gates for trains to pass through, 1500 volts is applied, while when the gates are up 600 volts is applied.<a href="#cite_note-Tramway_level_crossings_in_Victoria-178">[169]</a> Historically many tram–train level crossings have operated in Melbourne, all but the aforementioned two have been <a href="/wiki/Grade_separation" title="Grade separation">grade-separated</a>, or the tramway or railway has been abandoned. The first were built during the cable tram systems operation, with much reluctance on behalf of the Victorian Railways. Many more were built after the emergence of electric trams in 1906, often causing disputes between tramway operators and the Victorian Railways.<a href="#cite_note-Tramway_level_crossings_in_Victoria-178">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comm_Games_2006_flying_tram.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Comm_Games_2006_flying_tram.JPG/220px-Comm_Games_2006_flying_tram.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Comm_Games_2006_flying_tram.JPG/330px-Comm_Games_2006_flying_tram.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Comm_Games_2006_flying_tram.JPG/440px-Comm_Games_2006_flying_tram.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The "flying tram" featured in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games" title="2006 Commonwealth Games">2006 Commonwealth Games</a> Opening Ceremony, sitting on a <a href="/wiki/Melway" title="Melway">Melbourne street map</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_and_sporting_events">Media and sporting events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Media and sporting events">edit</a>]</div> Melbourne's trams—especially the W-class—are an icon of Melbourne and an important part of its history and character. Trams have been featured across several media, and in tourism advertising since World War II.<a href="#cite_note-W-class_trams:_the_art_and_soul_of_Melbourne_town-179">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[171]</a> The character of Nora in the novel <a href="/wiki/Monkey_Grip_(novel)" title="Monkey Grip (novel)">Monkey Grip</a> (1977) by <a href="/wiki/Helen_Garner" title="Helen Garner">Helen Garner</a> occasionally uses trams to run errands and make daily trips around the city. Trams are heavily featured in the movie <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_(film)" title="Malcolm (film)">Malcolm</a>, one scene of the controversial film <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Purple" title="Alvin Purple">Alvin Purple</a>, and feature in the music video clips for the <a href="/wiki/Beastie_Boys" title="Beastie Boys">Beastie Boys</a>' The Rat Cage and <a href="/wiki/AC/DC" title="AC/DC">AC/DC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Long_Way_to_the_Top_(If_You_Wanna_Rock_%27n%27_Roll)" title="It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)">It's a Long Way to the Top</a>.<a href="#cite_note-W-class_trams:_the_art_and_soul_of_Melbourne_town-179">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[172]</a> Among songs written about Melbourne's trams are Toorak Tram by Bernard Bolan,<a href="#cite_note-182">[173]</a> and Taking the tram to Carnegie by the band Oscar.<a href="#cite_note-183">[174]</a> The Eastern Suburbs Professional Community Theatre Company, known as <a href="/wiki/Theatreworks_(Melbourne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatreworks (Melbourne)">Theatre Works</a> staged a performance on a route 42 (now route 109) tram entitled Storming Mont Albert by Tram, between 26 February and 14 March 1982 as part of the Melbourne <a href="/wiki/Moomba_Festival" title="Moomba Festival">Moomba Festival</a>. It was written by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Davies_(artist)" title="Paul Davies (artist)">Paul Davies</a> and directed by Mark Shirrefs and was revived in 1992 and 1998.<a href="#cite_note-184">[175]</a> For the Melbourne <a href="/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games" title="2006 Commonwealth Games">2006 Commonwealth Games</a> a Z1-class tram was decorated as a <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> bus by a team of <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani people">Pakistani</a> decorators. Dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Karachi_to_Melbourne_Tram" title="Karachi to Melbourne Tram">Karachi tram</a>, it operated on the City Circle tourist route during the Commonwealth Games.<a href="#cite_note-185">[176]</a> The tram was withdrawn from service in 2007 and is now preserved in the Melbourne Tram Museum at <a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_tram_depot" title="Hawthorn tram depot">Hawthorn tram depot</a>, being delivered on 19 June 2015. The centrepiece of the <a href="/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games_Opening_Ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Commonwealth Games Opening Ceremony">Opening Ceremony</a> was a flying W-class tram, specially built for the event, from original W-class plans and photos.<a href="#cite_note-186">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_occasions">Royal occasions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Royal occasions">edit</a>]</div> In 2006 a W-class tram 965 was gifted from the City of Melbourne to Australian <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Crown_Princess_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary, Crown Princess of Denmark">Mary Donaldson</a> and her fiancé, <a href="/wiki/Danish_royal_family" title="Danish royal family">Danish</a> Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Frederik_X" title="Frederik X">Frederik</a>, on the occasion of their <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Frederik,_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark,_and_Mary_Donaldson" title="Wedding of Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark, and Mary Donaldson">marriage</a>. The tram now runs at the Danish tram museum of Sporvejsmuseet. On 26 October 2011, a Z3-class tram, specially liveried as a Royal Tram was used to convey <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Federation_Square" title="Federation Square">Federation Square</a> to <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Melbourne" title="Government House, Melbourne">Government House</a>, along <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda_Road" title="St Kilda Road">St Kilda Road</a> during their visit to Melbourne. The Royal Tram was in regular service for a little over one year following the event.<a href="#cite_note-187">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Melbourne_Art_Trams">Melbourne Art Trams</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Melbourne Art Trams">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Art_Trams" title="Melbourne Art Trams">Melbourne Art Trams</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matthew_Clarke%27s_Melbourne_Art_Tram_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Matthew_Clarke%27s_Melbourne_Art_Tram_.jpg/220px-Matthew_Clarke%27s_Melbourne_Art_Tram_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Matthew_Clarke%27s_Melbourne_Art_Tram_.jpg/330px-Matthew_Clarke%27s_Melbourne_Art_Tram_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Matthew_Clarke%27s_Melbourne_Art_Tram_.jpg/440px-Matthew_Clarke%27s_Melbourne_Art_Tram_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4915" data-file-height="4351" /></a><figcaption>Matthew Clarke's 2017 Melbourne Art Tram</figcaption></figure> From 1978 to 1993 36 W-class trams were painted with artwork as part of the Transporting Art project.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne_Festival_art_trams-190">[181]</a> The idea was conceived in early 1978 by <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_and_lord_mayors_of_Melbourne" title="List of mayors and lord mayors of Melbourne">Melbourne Lord Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Irvin_Rockman" title="Irvin Rockman">Irvin Rockman</a> and artist <a href="/wiki/Clifton_Pugh" title="Clifton Pugh">Clifton Pugh</a>, with the idea backed by then Premier <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Hamer" title="Rupert Hamer">Rupert Hamer</a>. Over the lifetime of the project many notable local artists participated, including <a href="/wiki/Mirka_Mora" title="Mirka Mora">Mirka Mora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Leunig" title="Michael Leunig">Michael Leunig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Arkley" title="Howard Arkley">Howard Arkley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reg_Mombassa" title="Reg Mombassa">Reg Mombassa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Melbourne_Festival_art_trams-190">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[182]</a> The idea was reprised as part of a collaboration between <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arts_Victoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arts Victoria (page does not exist)">Arts Victoria</a>, Yarra Trams and the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_International_Arts_Festival" title="Melbourne International Arts Festival">Melbourne International Arts Festival</a> in 2013. A competition launched in May 2013 to select eight designs, with one art tram to operate out of each Melbourne tram depot.<a href="#cite_note-192">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yarra_Trams_transporting_art-193">[184]</a> The first of the new Melbourne Art Trams, W-class 925, was launched on 30 September 2013 by then Premier <a href="/wiki/Denis_Napthine" title="Denis Napthine">Denis Napthine</a> and Yarra Trams CEO Clément Michel, with the remaining seven trams to be introduced in the following two weeks. The last was introduced into service on 11 October 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Yarra_Trams_transporting_art-193">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[187]</a> Melbourne Art Trams have continued to be refreshed and introduced annually since 2013, with over 48 artists featured. In 2018 the program was extended for a further 3 years through to 2021, and featured the first interactive art tram (using <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">augmented reality</a>) designed by Dr Troy Innocent for <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_International_Games_Week" title="Melbourne International Games Week">Melbourne International Games Week</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[188]</a> The trams can be found on the network throughout the year by entering the corresponding tram number in the myTRAM feature of the tramTRACKER app.<a href="#cite_note-198">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislation_and_governance">Legislation and governance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Legislation and governance">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/VicTrack" title="VicTrack">VicTrack</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Paul%27s_Anglican_Cathedral,_Melbourne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/St_Paul%27s_Anglican_Cathedral%2C_Melbourne.jpg/170px-St_Paul%27s_Anglican_Cathedral%2C_Melbourne.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/St_Paul%27s_Anglican_Cathedral%2C_Melbourne.jpg/255px-St_Paul%27s_Anglican_Cathedral%2C_Melbourne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/St_Paul%27s_Anglican_Cathedral%2C_Melbourne.jpg/340px-St_Paul%27s_Anglican_Cathedral%2C_Melbourne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1885" data-file-height="2515" /></a><figcaption>A tram passing St Paul's Anglican Cathedral, <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Street,_Melbourne" title="Flinders Street, Melbourne">Flinders Street</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_Integration_Act">Transport Integration Act</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Transport Integration Act">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_Integration_Act_2010" title="Transport Integration Act 2010">Transport Integration Act 2010</a></div> The prime rail related statute in Victoria is the Transport Integration Act, the Act was enacted to provide an overarching legislation for Victoria's transport system. It requires state agencies charged with providing transport services to work together towards an integrated transport system, and requires state planning bodies to consult the Act when making decisions that will affect the transport system.<a href="#cite_note-199">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[191]</a> The Act establishes Transport Safety Victoria (TSV) as Victoria's safety regulator for bus, maritime and rail transport. The Act also establishes the independent office of the <a href="/wiki/Director,_Transport_Safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Director, Transport Safety">Director, Transport Safety</a>, though who the regulatory function is carried out with the support of TSV.<a href="#cite_note-About_Transport_Safety_Victoria-201">[192]</a> Another important piece of legislation is the Rail Management Act 1996, whose purpose is to establish a management regime for Victoria's rail infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-202">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safety">Safety</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Safety">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rail_Safety_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail Safety Act">Rail Safety Act</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Director,_Transport_Safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Director, Transport Safety">Director, Transport Safety</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chief_Investigator,_Transport_Safety" title="Chief Investigator, Transport Safety">Chief Investigator, Transport Safety</a></div> The safety of tram operations in Melbourne is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Rail_Safety_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail Safety Act">Rail Safety Act 2006</a> which applies to all rail operations in Victoria.<a href="#cite_note-Overview_of_rail_safety_legislation-203">[194]</a> The Act establishes a framework containing safety duties for all rail industry participants and requires operators who manage infrastructure and rolling stock to obtain accreditation prior to commencing operations.<a href="#cite_note-Overview_of_rail_safety_legislation-203">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[195]</a> Accredited operators are also required to have a <a href="/wiki/Safety_Management_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Safety Management Systems">safety management system</a> to guide their operations.<a href="#cite_note-205">[196]</a> Sanctions applying to the safety scheme established under the <a href="/wiki/Rail_Safety_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail Safety Act">Rail Safety Act</a> are contained in the Part 7 of the <a href="/wiki/Transport_(Compliance_and_Miscellaneous)_Act_1983" title="Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) Act 1983">Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) Act 1983</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Transport_(Compliance_and_Miscellaneous)_Act_1983-206">[197]</a> The safety regulator for the rail system in Victoria including trams is the <a href="/wiki/Director,_Transport_Safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Director, Transport Safety">Director, Transport Safety</a>, whose office is established under the <a href="/wiki/Transport_Integration_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport Integration Act">Transport Integration Act 2010</a>.<a href="#cite_note-About_Transport_Safety_Victoria-201">[192]</a> Rail operators in Victoria can also be the subject of no blame investigations conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Investigator,_Transport_Safety" title="Chief Investigator, Transport Safety">Chief Investigator, Transport Safety</a>. The Chief Investigator is charged by the <a href="/wiki/Transport_Integration_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport Integration Act">Transport Integration Act</a> with conducting investigations into rail safety matters including incidents and trends.<a href="#cite_note-207">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ticketing_and_conduct">Ticketing and conduct</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Ticketing and conduct">edit</a>]</div> Ticketing requirements for trams in Melbourne are mainly contained in the Transport (Ticketing) Regulations 2006<a href="#cite_note-208">[199]</a> and the Victorian Fares and Ticketing Manual.<a href="#cite_note-209">[200]</a> Rules about safe and fair conduct on trams in Melbourne are generally contained in the <a href="/wiki/Transport_(Compliance_and_Miscellaneous)_Act_1983" title="Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) Act 1983">Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) Act 1983</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Transport_(Compliance_and_Miscellaneous)_Act_1983-206">[197]</a> and the Transport (Conduct) Regulations 2005.<a href="#cite_note-210">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tram_and_light-rail_transit_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tram and light-rail transit systems">List of tram and light-rail transit systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Melbourne_tram_extensions" title="Proposed Melbourne tram extensions">Proposed Melbourne tram extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Australia" title="Transport in Australia">Transport in Australia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJoe_Thompson" class="citation web cs1">Joe Thompson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tramway.org.au/reflections.php?p=the_sandringham_tramway">the original</a> on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Running+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Sandringham+Tramway&rft.date=1969-10%2F1969-11&rft.au=Arthur+Stone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tramway.org.au%2Freflections.php%3Fp%3Dthe_sandringham_tramway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://localhistory.kingston.vic.gov.au/htm/article/237.htm">"Did You Know?: Trams"</a>. <a href="/wiki/City_of_Kingston" title="City of Kingston">City of Kingston</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706122730/http://localhistory.kingston.vic.gov.au/htm/article/237.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2011. 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Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424231907/http://www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au/papers/nmetl.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Friends+of+Hawthorn+Tram+Depot&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+the+North+Melbourne+Electric+Tramway+%26+Lighting+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Russell+Jones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawthorntramdepot.org.au%2Fpapers%2Fnmetl.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Between_the_Wars-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Between_the_Wars_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102235108/http://www.yarratrams.com.au/about-us/our-history/tramway-milestones/between-the-wars/">"Between the Wars"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yarra_Trams" title="Yarra Trams">Yarra Trams</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yarratrams.com.au/about-us/our-history/tramway-milestones/between-the-wars/">the original</a> on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yarra+Trams&rft.atitle=Between+the+Wars&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yarratrams.com.au%2Fabout-us%2Four-history%2Ftramway-milestones%2Fbetween-the-wars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091006194727/http://www.access.prov.vic.gov.au/public/component/daPublicBaseContainer?component=daViewAgency&entityId=1002">"State Electricity Commission of Victoria (previously known as the Electricity Commissioners)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Record_Office_Victoria" title="Public Record Office Victoria">Public Record Office Victoria</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.access.prov.vic.gov.au/public/component/daPublicBaseContainer?component=daViewAgency&entityId=1002#">the original</a> on 6 October 2009. Retrieved 4 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Record+Office+Victoria&rft.atitle=State+Electricity+Commission+of+Victoria+%28previously+known+as+the+Electricity+Commissioners%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.access.prov.vic.gov.au%2Fpublic%2Fcomponent%2FdaPublicBaseContainer%3Fcomponent%3DdaViewAgency%26entityId%3D1002%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Brief_History_of..._The_North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramways_and_Lighting_Company_Limited-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A_Brief_History_of..._The_North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramways_and_Lighting_Company_Limited_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_Brief_History_of..._The_North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramways_and_Lighting_Company_Limited_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._S._Kings1966" class="citation web cs1">K. S. Kings (October 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424011139/http://www.tramway.org.au/reflections.php?p=a_brief_history_of_the_north_melbourne_electric_tramways_and_lighting_company_limited">"A Brief History of... The North Melbourne Electric Tramways and Lighting Company Limited"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tramway_Museum_Society_of_Victoria" title="Tramway Museum Society of Victoria">TMSV</a> Running Journal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tramway.org.au/reflections.php?p=a_brief_history_of_the_north_melbourne_electric_tramways_and_lighting_company_limited">the original</a> on 24 April 2012. 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Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008025649/http://www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au/papers/pmtt.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Friends+of+Hawthorn+Tram+Depot&rft.atitle=Steady+as+she+goes%3A+the+Prahran+%26+Malvern+Tramways+Trust&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Russell+Jones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawthorntramdepot.org.au%2Fpapers%2Fpmtt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alex_Cameron:_father_of_Melbourne's_electric_trams-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alex_Cameron:_father_of_Melbourne's_electric_trams_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alex_Cameron:_father_of_Melbourne's_electric_trams_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alex_Cameron:_father_of_Melbourne's_electric_trams_30-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell_Jones2009" class="citation web cs1">Russell Jones (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au/papers/cameron.htm">"Alex Cameron: father of Melbourne's electric trams"</a>. Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822235533/http://www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au/papers/cameron.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2011. 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Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A070534b.htm">the original</a> on 14 April 2011. 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Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130505061117/http://hawthorntramdepot.org.au/trams/mmtb380.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2013. 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(Transit Press, 1974) </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/BPh-WCdO0sc">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191002191339/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPh-WCdO0sc&gl=US&hl=en">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPh-WCdO0sc">""Citizen Tram" (1960s MMTB Film)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 15 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=%22Citizen+Tram%22+%281960s+MMTB+Film%29&rft.date=2011-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DBPh-WCdO0sc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Andrew_Stone2008" class="citation web cs1">John Andrew Stone (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120522113208/http://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/vital/access/services/Download/swin:8497/SOURCE3">"Political factors in the rebuilding of mass transit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swinburne_University_of_Technology" title="Swinburne University of Technology">Swinburne University of Technology</a>. pp. 183–186. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://access.prov.vic.gov.au/public/component/daPublicBaseContainer?component=daViewAgency&entityId=1038">the original</a> on 2 October 2011. 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Vicsig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160829211033/http://vicsig.net/infrastructure/line/Port-Melbourne">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=Port+Melbourne+Line&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicsig.net%2Finfrastructure%2Fline%2FPort-Melbourne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicsig.net/infrastructure/line/St-Kilda">"St Kilda Line"</a>. Vicsig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160829072747/http://vicsig.net/infrastructure/line/St-Kilda">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=St+Kilda+Line&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicsig.net%2Finfrastructure%2Fline%2FSt-Kilda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318142144/http://www.yarratrams.com.au/about-us/our-history/tramway-milestones/towards-the-modern-era/">"Towards the modern era"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yarra_Trams" title="Yarra Trams">Yarra Trams</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yarratrams.com.au/about-us/our-history/tramway-milestones/towards-the-modern-era/">the original</a> on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yarra+Trams&rft.atitle=Towards+the+modern+era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yarratrams.com.au%2Fabout-us%2Four-history%2Ftramway-milestones%2Ftowards-the-modern-era%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Hoadley1998" class="citation web cs1">David Hoadley (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000613044817/http://www.railpage.org.au/tram/melbintr.html">"Melbourne's tram system"</a>. Trams of Australia. 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Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110823002116/http://www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au/papers/union.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2011. 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The Age. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221113101942/https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/melbourne-s-next-generation-trams-could-be-trackless-with-rubber-wheels-20210422-p57ldr.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2022. 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Railpage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210827001659/http://www.railpage.com.au/news/s/maidstone-home-for-next-generation-trams">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://transport.vic.gov.au/our-transport-future/our-projects/new-and-upgraded-trains-and-trams/next-generation-trams">the original</a> on 30 November 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yarratrams.com.au/media-centre/news/articles/2011/catch-me,-now-you-can/">the original</a> on 4 January 2018. 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Retrieved 25 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yarra+Trams&rft.atitle=Melbourne%27s+tram+fleet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyarratrams.com.au%2Four-fleet-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cross-104"><a href="#cite_ref-cross_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCross2001" class="citation book cs1">Cross, Norman (2001). Destination City. 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Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Minister+in%2C+W-class+trams+out&rft.date=2010-01-22&rft.au=Sarah-Jane+Collins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnational%2Fminister-in-wclass-trams-out-20100121-mo95.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nattrust.com.au/advocacy/campaigns/w_class_trams">"W Class Trams"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_of_Australia" title="National Trust of Australia">National Trust of Australia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110814162114/http://www.nattrust.com.au/advocacy/campaigns/w_class_trams">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Trust+of+Australia&rft.atitle=W+Class+Trams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nattrust.com.au%2Fadvocacy%2Fcampaigns%2Fw_class_trams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuth_Williams2010" class="citation news cs1">Ruth Williams (7 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/activist-ready-to-rattle-to-keep-wclass-rolling-20100306-pptp.html">"Activist ready to rattle to keep W-class rolling"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729075405/http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/activist-ready-to-rattle-to-keep-wclass-rolling-20100306-pptp.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Activist+ready+to+rattle+to+keep+W-class+rolling&rft.date=2010-03-07&rft.au=Ruth+Williams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fvictoria%2Factivist-ready-to-rattle-to-keep-wclass-rolling-20100306-pptp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514202703/http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/media-centre/media-releases/719-coalition-government-to-save-victorias-w-class-trams.html">"Coalition Government to save Victoria's W-Class trams"</a> (Press release). From the Minister for Public Transport. 3 May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/media-centre/media-releases/719-coalition-government-to-save-victorias-w-class-trams.html">the original</a> on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coalition+Government+to+save+Victoria%27s+W-Class+trams&rft.pub=From+the+Minister+for+Public+Transport&rft.date=2011-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.premier.vic.gov.au%2Fmedia-centre%2Fmedia-releases%2F719-coalition-government-to-save-victorias-w-class-trams.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130312122110/http://corp.ptv.vic.gov.au/projects/metropolitan-tram-network/restoring-w-class-trams/">"Restoring W-Class trams"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Victoria" title="Public Transport Victoria">Public Transport Victoria</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corp.ptv.vic.gov.au/projects/metropolitan-tram-network/restoring-w-class-trams/">the original</a> on 12 March 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Transport+Victoria&rft.atitle=Restoring+W-Class+trams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorp.ptv.vic.gov.au%2Fprojects%2Fmetropolitan-tram-network%2Frestoring-w-class-trams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melbourne's_Z-class_tram-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Melbourne's_Z-class_tram_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melbourne's_Z-class_tram_116-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melbourne's_Z-class_tram_116-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melbourne's_Z-class_tram_116-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110219103851/http://www.railpage.org.au/tram/z.html">"Melbourne's Z-class tram"</a>. Trams of Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railpage.org.au/tram/z.html">the original</a> on 19 February 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trams+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Melbourne%27s+Z-class+tram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railpage.org.au%2Ftram%2Fz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=Z1">"Z1 Class"</a>. Vicsig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127013352/https://vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=Z1">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=Z1+Class&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicsig.net%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dtrams%26class%3DZ1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=Z2">"Z2 Class"</a>. Vicsig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127014715/https://vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=Z2">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=Z2+Class&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicsig.net%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dtrams%26class%3DZ2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=Z3">"Z3 Class"</a>. Vicsig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127013645/https://vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=Z3">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=Z3+Class&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicsig.net%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dtrams%26class%3DZ3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011014122/http://www.railpage.org.au/tram/a.html">"Melbourne's A-class tram"</a>. Trams of Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railpage.org.au/tram/a.html">the original</a> on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trams+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Melbourne%27s+A-class+tram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railpage.org.au%2Ftram%2Fa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=A1">"A1 Class"</a>. Vicsig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150220081644/http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=A1">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=A1+Class&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicsig.net%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dtrams%26class%3DA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=A2">"A2 Class"</a>. Vicsig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150220020039/http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=A2">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=A2+Class&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicsig.net%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dtrams%26class%3DA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=B1">"B1 Class"</a>. Vicsig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421162043/http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=B1">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=B1+Class&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicsig.net%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dtrams%26class%3DB1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melbourne's_B-class_tram-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Melbourne's_B-class_tram_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melbourne's_B-class_tram_124-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011014107/http://www.railpage.org.au/tram/b.html">"Melbourne's B-class tram"</a>. Trams of Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railpage.org.au/tram/b.html">the original</a> on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trams+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Melbourne%27s+B-class+tram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railpage.org.au%2Ftram%2Fb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-B2_Class-125"><a href="#cite_ref-B2_Class_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=B2">"B2 Class"</a>. Vicsig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421111448/http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=B2">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=B2+Class&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicsig.net%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dtrams%26class%3DB2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=C&v=1">"C Class"</a>. Vicsig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150220044639/http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=C&v=1">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=C+Class&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicsig.net%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dtrams%26class%3DC%26v%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=C2">"C2 Class"</a>, Vicsig, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180929145302/http://vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&class=C2">archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2018, retrieved 6 November 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=C2+Class&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicsig.net%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dtrams%26class%3DC2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PTV-TPP-128">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PTV-TPP_128-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PTV-TPP_128-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513161451/http://ptv.vic.gov.au/projects/trams/tram-procurement-program/">"Tram Procurement Program"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Victoria" title="Public Transport Victoria">Public Transport Victoria</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ptv.vic.gov.au/projects/trams/tram-procurement-program/">the original</a> on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Transport+Victoria&rft.atitle=Tram+Procurement+Program&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fptv.vic.gov.au%2Fprojects%2Ftrams%2Ftram-procurement-program%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192722/http://ptv.vic.gov.au/assets/PTV/PTV%20docs/AnnualReport/Annual-Report-2012-13.pdf">"Public Transport Victoria Annual Report 2012 – 13"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Victoria" title="Public Transport Victoria">Public Transport Victoria</a>. 2013. p. 13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ptv.vic.gov.au/assets/PTV/PTV%20docs/AnnualReport/Annual-Report-2012-13.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Transport+Victoria&rft.atitle=Public+Transport+Victoria+Annual+Report+2012+%E2%80%93+13&rft.pages=13&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fptv.vic.gov.au%2Fassets%2FPTV%2FPTV%2520docs%2FAnnualReport%2FAnnual-Report-2012-13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&section=class&class=D1">"D1 Class"</a>. Vicsig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209222105/https://vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&section=class&class=D1">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=D1+Class&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicsig.net%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dtrams%26section%3Dclass%26class%3DD1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&section=class&class=D2">"D2 Class"</a>. Vicsig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130630090138/http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&section=class&class=d2">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=D2+Class&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicsig.net%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dtrams%26section%3Dclass%26class%3DD2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VICSIG_E-132"><a href="#cite_ref-VICSIG_E_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicsig.net/trams/tram/e/v1">"E Class"</a>. VICSIG. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212002244/https://vicsig.net/trams/tram/e/v1">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VICSIG&rft.atitle=E+Class&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicsig.net%2Ftrams%2Ftram%2Fe%2Fv1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melbourne's_newest_tram_–_the_story_so_far-133">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Melbourne's_newest_tram_–_the_story_so_far_133-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melbourne's_newest_tram_–_the_story_so_far_133-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180407200839/http://yarratrams.com.au/media-centre/news/articles/2012/melbourne%E2%80%99s-newest-tram-%E2%80%93-the-story-so-far/">"Melbourne's newest tram – the story so far"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yarra_Trams" title="Yarra Trams">Yarra Trams</a>. 2 May 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yarratrams.com.au/media-centre/news/articles/2012/melbourne%E2%80%99s-newest-tram-%E2%80%93-the-story-so-far">the original</a> on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yarra+Trams&rft.atitle=Melbourne%27s+newest+tram+%E2%80%93+the+story+so+far&rft.date=2012-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yarratrams.com.au%2Fmedia-centre%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2012%2Fmelbourne%25E2%2580%2599s-newest-tram-%25E2%2580%2593-the-story-so-far&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services?docID=0901260d801b2dd7#">"FLEXITY Swift – Melbourne, Australia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Transportation" title="Bombardier Transportation">Bombardier Transportation</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrymulder.com.au/media-releases/first-look-at-melbourne-s-new-trams">the original</a> on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Look+at+Melbourne%27s+New+Trams&rft.pub=The+Hon+Terry+Mulder%2C+Minister+for+Public+Transport&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrymulder.com.au%2Fmedia-releases%2Ffirst-look-at-melbourne-s-new-trams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClay_Lucas2011" class="citation news cs1">Clay Lucas (24 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/melbournes-new-trams-revealed-20110824-1j9iz.html">"Melbourne's new trams revealed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120627114217/http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/melbournes-new-trams-revealed-20110824-1j9iz.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Melbourne%27s+new+trams+revealed&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft.au=Clay+Lucas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fvictoria%2Fmelbournes-new-trams-revealed-20110824-1j9iz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicsig.net/trams/class/E/1">"E1 Class"</a>. Vicsig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211235509/https://vicsig.net/trams/class/E/1">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=E1+Class&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvicsig.net%2Ftrams%2Fclass%2FE%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ptv.vic.gov.au/projects/trams/new-e-class-trams/">New E-class trams</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130923011303/http://ptv.vic.gov.au/projects/trams/new-e-class-trams/">Archived</a> 23 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Public Transport Victoria </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-04/victorian-government-2-billion-on-trams-trains-budget-surplus/6441788">Victoria budget to include $2 billion for new trams & trains for Melbourne</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160807141304/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-04/victorian-government-2-billion-on-trams-trains-budget-surplus/6441788">Archived</a> 7 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a> 4 May 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/20-new-trams-to-be-rolled-out-in-melbournes-cbd-next-week-and-premier-says-more-to-come/news-story/5126d93e9afad523bdbf527823432938">"New trams to hit Melbourne CBD"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170506071140/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/20-new-trams-to-be-rolled-out-in-melbournes-cbd-next-week-and-premier-says-more-to-come/news-story/5126d93e9afad523bdbf527823432938">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2017. 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Retrieved 4 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Government+of+Victoria&rft.atitle=Department+of+Transport+and+Planning+Annual+Report+2022-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vic.gov.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-11%2FDepartment-of-Transport-and-Planning-Annual-Report-2022-23-%2528accessible%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicsig.net/trams/depot/brunswick">"Brunswick Depot"</a>. Vicsig. 20 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=Brunswick+Depot&rft.date=2023-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvicsig.net%2Ftrams%2Fdepot%2Fbrunswick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicsig.net/trams/depot/camberwell">"Camberwell Depot"</a>. Vicsig. 26 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=Camberwell+Depot&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvicsig.net%2Ftrams%2Fdepot%2Fcamberwell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicsig.net/trams/depot/preston">"Preston Depot"</a>. Vicsig. 4 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=Preston+Depot&rft.date=2023-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvicsig.net%2Ftrams%2Fdepot%2Fpreston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicsig.net/trams/depot/essendon">"Essendon Depot"</a>. Vicsig. 5 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=Essendon+Depot&rft.date=2023-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvicsig.net%2Ftrams%2Fdepot%2Fessendon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicsig.net/trams/depot/glenhuntly">"Glenhuntly Depot"</a>. Vicsig. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=Glenhuntly+Depot&rft.date=2023-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvicsig.net%2Ftrams%2Fdepot%2Fglenhuntly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicsig.net/trams/depot/kew">"Kew Depot"</a>. Vicsig. 13 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=Kew+Depot&rft.date=2023-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvicsig.net%2Ftrams%2Fdepot%2Fkew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicsig.net/trams/depot/malvern">"Malvern Depot"</a>. Vicsig. 4 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vicsig&rft.atitle=Malvern+Depot&rft.date=2023-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvicsig.net%2Ftrams%2Fdepot%2Fmalvern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicsig.net/trams/depot/southbank">"Southbank Depot"</a>. Vicsig. 4 May 2023. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yarratrams.com.au/media-centre/news/articles/2013/substation-to-substation-melbourne%27s-tram-power-infrastructure/">the original</a> on 25 February 2014. 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Retrieved 20 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Melbourne%27s+trams+to+be+solar+powered&rft.date=2017-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fvictoria%2Fmelbournes-trams-to-be-solar-powered-20170118-gtuazz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melbourne's_tram_network_to_use_solar_energy_by_the_end_of_2018,_Government_says-174"><a href="#cite_ref-Melbourne's_tram_network_to_use_solar_energy_by_the_end_of_2018,_Government_says_174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-19/melbourne-tram-network-to-use-solar-energy-by-end-of-2018/8194642">"Melbourne's tram network to use solar energy by the end of 2018, Government says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. 19 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170119200549/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-19/melbourne-tram-network-to-use-solar-energy-by-end-of-2018/8194642">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=Melbourne%27s+tram+network+to+use+solar+energy+by+the+end+of+2018%2C+Government+says&rft.date=2017-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2017-01-19%2Fmelbourne-tram-network-to-use-solar-energy-by-end-of-2018%2F8194642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Solar_to_help_power_Melbourne's_trams-175"><a href="#cite_ref-Solar_to_help_power_Melbourne's_trams_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170119170450/http://www.news.com.au/national/breaking-news/solar-to-help-power-melbournes-trams/news-story/e88b126e1088978ef5c9603f147d9bf5">"Solar to help power Melbourne's trams"</a>. <a href="/wiki/News.com.au" title="News.com.au">news.com.au</a>. 19 January 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/national/breaking-news/solar-to-help-power-melbournes-trams/news-story/e88b126e1088978ef5c9603f147d9bf5">the original</a> on 19 January 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.com.au&rft.atitle=Solar+to+help+power+Melbourne%27s+trams&rft.date=2017-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fnational%2Fbreaking-news%2Fsolar-to-help-power-melbournes-trams%2Fnews-story%2Fe88b126e1088978ef5c9603f147d9bf5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButtTowell2018" class="citation web cs1">Butt, Craig; Towell, Noel (21 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/25-more-rail-level-crossings-to-go-under-labor-pledge-20181021-p50b07.html">"Another 25 rail level crossings to go under Labor pledge"</a>. The Age. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153453/https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/25-more-rail-level-crossings-to-go-under-labor-pledge-20181021-p50b07.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Another+25+rail+level+crossings+to+go+under+Labor+pledge&rft.date=2018-10-21&rft.aulast=Butt&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.au=Towell%2C+Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fpolitics%2Fvictoria%2F25-more-rail-level-crossings-to-go-under-labor-pledge-20181021-p50b07.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610033142/https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/library/level-crossing-removal-project/frankston/glen-huntly/works/glen-huntly-road-and-neerim-road-closures-april">"Glen Huntly Road and Neerim Road closures – April"</a>. Victoria's Big Build. 17 May 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/library/level-crossing-removal-project/frankston/glen-huntly/works/glen-huntly-road-and-neerim-road-closures-april">the original</a> on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Victoria%27s+Big+Build&rft.atitle=Glen+Huntly+Road+and+Neerim+Road+closures+%E2%80%93+April&rft.date=2023-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigbuild.vic.gov.au%2Flibrary%2Flevel-crossing-removal-project%2Ffrankston%2Fglen-huntly%2Fworks%2Fglen-huntly-road-and-neerim-road-closures-april&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tramway_level_crossings_in_Victoria-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tramway_level_crossings_in_Victoria_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tramway_level_crossings_in_Victoria_178-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au/papers/lvlcross.htm">"Tramway level crossings in Victoria cauthor=Russell Jones"</a>. Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot. 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111129203335/http://www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au/papers/lvlcross.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Friends+of+Hawthorn+Tram+Depot&rft.atitle=Tramway+level+crossings+in+Victoria+cauthor%3DRussell+Jones&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawthorntramdepot.org.au%2Fpapers%2Flvlcross.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-W-class_trams:_the_art_and_soul_of_Melbourne_town-179">^ <a href="#cite_ref-W-class_trams:_the_art_and_soul_of_Melbourne_town_179-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-W-class_trams:_the_art_and_soul_of_Melbourne_town_179-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuth_Williams2010" class="citation news cs1">Ruth Williams (24 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/wclass-trams-the-art-and-soul-of-melbourne-town-20101023-16yne.html">"W-class trams: the art and soul of Melbourne town"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120501231853/http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/wclass-trams-the-art-and-soul-of-melbourne-town-20101023-16yne.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=W-class+trams%3A+the+art+and+soul+of+Melbourne+town&rft.date=2010-10-24&rft.au=Ruth+Williams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fvictoria%2Fwclass-trams-the-art-and-soul-of-melbourne-town-20101023-16yne.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVisit_Victoria" class="citation web cs1">Visit Victoria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140626041028/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=decaaQl5t_I">"After Dark, Melbourne"</a>. YouTube. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=decaaQl5t_I">the original</a> on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+Dark%2C+Melbourne&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.au=Visit+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DdecaaQl5t_I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeastie_Boys2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Beastie_Boys" title="Beastie Boys">Beastie Boys</a> (12 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GKQTEXWWtdQ&ob=av2n">"Beastie Boys – The Rat Cage"</a>. YouTube. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/GKQTEXWWtdQ">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beastie+Boys+%E2%80%93+The+Rat+Cage&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2009-03-12&rft.au=Beastie+Boys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DGKQTEXWWtdQ%26ob%3Dav2n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tdu.to/42011.msg">"Toorak Trams and Bernard Bolan"</a>. Trams Down Under. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928193947/http://tdu.to/42011.msg">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2011. 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Retrieved 7 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STORMING+MONT+ALBERT+BY+TRAM+~+Melbourne+Moomba+Festival+theatreworks.org.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatreworks.org.au%2Farchive%2Fevent%2F%3Fid%3D169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelissa_Mackereth2006" class="citation web cs1">Melissa Mackereth (25 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213115638/http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/M2006/Homepage+News/20060325+Karachi+tram.htm">"Last rides on the Karachi tram"</a>. Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/M2006/Homepage+News/20060325+Karachi+tram.htm">the original</a> on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Melbourne+2006+Commonwealth+Games+Corporation&rft.atitle=Last+rides+on+the+Karachi+tram&rft.date=2006-03-25&rft.au=Melissa+Mackereth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.melbourne2006.com.au%2FM2006%2FHomepage%2BNews%2F20060325%2BKarachi%2Btram.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110310144737/http://museumvictoria.com.au/discoverycentre/infosheets/10458/">"The Flying Tram"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Museum_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Victoria">Museum Victoria</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museumvictoria.com.au/discoverycentre/infosheets/10458/">the original</a> on 10 March 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Museum+Victoria&rft.atitle=The+Flying+Tram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseumvictoria.com.au%2Fdiscoverycentre%2Finfosheets%2F10458%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318232046/http://www.yarratrams.com.au/media-centre/news/articles/2011/royal-tram-now-in-public-service/">"Royal Tram now in public service"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Yarra_Trams" title="Yarra Trams">Yarra Trams</a>. 26 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yarratrams.com.au/media-centre/news/articles/2011/royal-tram-now-in-public-service/">the original</a> on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Tram+now+in+public+service&rft.pub=Yarra+Trams&rft.date=2011-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yarratrams.com.au%2Fmedia-centre%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2011%2Froyal-tram-now-in-public-service%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Shmith2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Shmith" title="Michael Shmith">Michael Shmith</a> (27 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/national/not-the-rolls-or-bentley-but-a-commoners-conveyance-gives-her-majesty-a-royal-ride-20111026-1mk4i.html">"Not the Rolls or Bentley, but a commoner's conveyance gives Her Majesty a royal ride"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028191807/http://www.theage.com.au/national/not-the-rolls-or-bentley-but-a-commoners-conveyance-gives-her-majesty-a-royal-ride-20111026-1mk4i.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2011. 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Vicsig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160829053300/http://vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&number=158&class=Z3">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2016. 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Australasian Legal Information Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/tama1983385/">the original</a> on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Victoria&rft.atitle=Transport+%28Compliance+and+Miscellaneous%29+Act+1983&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fvic%2Fconsol_act%2Ftama1983385%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110920080135/http://www.transport.vic.gov.au/about-us/oci">"About us – Office of the Chief Investigator"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Transport_(Victoria,_2008%E2%80%9313)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Transport (Victoria, 2008–13)">Department of Transport</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transport.vic.gov.au/about-us/oci">the original</a> on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Transport&rft.atitle=About+us+%E2%80%93+Office+of+the+Chief+Investigator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transport.vic.gov.au%2Fabout-us%2Foci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091024084901/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_reg/tr2006351/">"Transport (Ticketing) Regulations 2006"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Victoria (Australia)">Government of Victoria</a>. Australasian Legal Information Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_reg/tr2006351/">the original</a> on 24 October 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Victoria&rft.atitle=Transport+%28Ticketing%29+Regulations+2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fvic%2Fconsol_reg%2Ftr2006351%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ptv.vic.gov.au/tickets/victorian-fares-and-ticketing-manual/">"Victorian Fares and Ticketing Manual"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Victoria" title="Public Transport Victoria">Public Transport Victoria</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130425031701/http://ptv.vic.gov.au/tickets/victorian-fares-and-ticketing-manual/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Transport+Victoria&rft.atitle=Victorian+Fares+and+Ticketing+Manual&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fptv.vic.gov.au%2Ftickets%2Fvictorian-fares-and-ticketing-manual%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090302071106/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_reg/tr2005335/">"Transport (Conduct) Regulations 2005"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Victoria (Australia)">Government of Victoria</a>. Australasian Legal Information Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_reg/tr2005335/">the original</a> on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Victoria&rft.atitle=Transport+%28Conduct%29+Regulations+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fvic%2Fconsol_reg%2Ftr2005335%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 45em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Badawy, Emile D.; Sargent, John, eds. (2000). Trams and Streetscapes Metropolitan Melbourne 1950s-1960s: a photographic profile. Studfield, Victoria: Train Hobby Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1876249404" title="Special:BookSources/1876249404"><bdi>1876249404</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trams+and+Streetscapes+Metropolitan+Melbourne+1950s-1960s%3A+a+photographic+profile&rft.place=Studfield%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Train+Hobby+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1876249404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Birrell, R. A. (1988). Melbourne Tram Review. Elizabeth, South Australia: Railmac Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0949817740" title="Special:BookSources/0949817740"><bdi>0949817740</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Melbourne+Tram+Review&rft.place=Elizabeth%2C+South+Australia&rft.pub=Railmac+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0949817740&rft.aulast=Birrell&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Brady, Ian A. (2011). Prahran and Malvern Tramways Trust: Melbourne's foremost municipal tramway. Sydney: Transit Australia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780909459239" title="Special:BookSources/9780909459239"><bdi>9780909459239</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prahran+and+Malvern+Tramways+Trust%3A+Melbourne%27s+foremost+municipal+tramway&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Transit+Australia+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780909459239&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Ian+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Budd, Dale; Wilson, Randall (1998). Melbourne's Marvellous Trams. Kensington, New South Wales: University of New South Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0868405043" title="Special:BookSources/0868405043"><bdi>0868405043</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Melbourne%27s+Marvellous+Trams&rft.place=Kensington%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=University+of+New+South+Wales+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0868405043&rft.aulast=Budd&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Randall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Clark, David; Sargent, John, eds. (2008). Melbourne's Colourful Trams: a photographic profile from the 1970s. Pinewood, Victoria: Train Hobby Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781921122163" title="Special:BookSources/9781921122163"><bdi>9781921122163</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Melbourne%27s+Colourful+Trams%3A+a+photographic+profile+from+the+1970s&rft.place=Pinewood%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Train+Hobby+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781921122163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Crow, Lindsay; Pike, Colin; Sargent, John, eds. (2002). More Trams and Streetscapes Metropolitan Melbourne 1950s–1960s: a complete photographic profile. Studfield, Victoria: Train Hobby Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1876249633" title="Special:BookSources/1876249633"><bdi>1876249633</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=More+Trams+and+Streetscapes+Metropolitan+Melbourne+1950s%E2%80%931960s%3A+a+complete+photographic+profile&rft.place=Studfield%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Train+Hobby+Publications&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1876249633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Fiddian, Marc (1993). Clang Clang Clang: a study of Melbourne's tramways. Pakenham, Victoria: Pakenham Gazette. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1875475052" title="Special:BookSources/1875475052"><bdi>1875475052</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clang+Clang+Clang%3A+a+study+of+Melbourne%27s+tramways&rft.place=Pakenham%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Pakenham+Gazette&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1875475052&rft.aulast=Fiddian&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Frost, David (2006). A Short History of the Victorian Railways Trams: St. Kilda – Brighton – Sandringham – Black Rock – Beaumaris. Nunawading, Victoria: Tramway Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0975801201" title="Special:BookSources/0975801201"><bdi>0975801201</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Victorian+Railways+Trams%3A+St.+Kilda+%E2%80%93+Brighton+%E2%80%93+Sandringham+%E2%80%93+Black+Rock+%E2%80%93+Beaumaris&rft.place=Nunawading%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Tramway+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0975801201&rft.aulast=Frost&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Keating, John (2001). Mind the Curve!: a history of the cable trams. Sydney: Transit Australia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0522840361" title="Special:BookSources/0522840361"><bdi>0522840361</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mind+the+Curve%21%3A+a+history+of+the+cable+trams&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Transit+Australia+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0522840361&rft.aulast=Keating&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Keenan, David R. (1985). Melbourne Tramways. Sans Souci, New South Wales: Transit Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0909338043" title="Special:BookSources/0909338043"><bdi>0909338043</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Melbourne+Tramways&rft.place=Sans+Souci%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=Transit+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0909338043&rft.aulast=Keenan&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Prentice, Bob (1993). Tramway by the River: A Brief History of the Hawthorn Tramways Trust. Melbourne: Tramway Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0646145231" title="Special:BookSources/0646145231"><bdi>0646145231</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tramway+by+the+River%3A+A+Brief+History+of+the+Hawthorn+Tramways+Trust&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Tramway+Publications&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0646145231&rft.aulast=Prentice&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">— (1999). A Brief History of the Melbourne, Brunswick and Coburg Tramways Trust. Melbourne: Tramway Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0646226533" title="Special:BookSources/0646226533"><bdi>0646226533</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Melbourne%2C+Brunswick+and+Coburg+Tramways+Trust&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Tramway+Publications&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0646226533&rft.aulast=Prentice&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Watson, Stephen (1993). The Melbourne Tramways: a pictorial history. Moonee Ponds, Victoria: S. Watson. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/221859976">221859976</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Melbourne+Tramways%3A+a+pictorial+history&rft.place=Moonee+Ponds%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=S.+Watson&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F221859976&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Randall; Budd, Dale (2008). The Melbourne Tram Book (2nd ed.). Kensington, New South Wales: New South Wales University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781921410499" title="Special:BookSources/9781921410499"><bdi>9781921410499</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Melbourne+Tram+Book&rft.place=Kensington%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781921410499&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft.au=Budd%2C+Dale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">—; — (2013). Destination Waterfront City: a guide to Melbourne's trams. Sydney: Transit Australia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780909459253" title="Special:BookSources/9780909459253"><bdi>9780909459253</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destination+Waterfront+City%3A+a+guide+to+Melbourne%27s+trams&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Transit+Australia+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780909459253&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft.au=Budd%2C+Dale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">—; — (2015). The Melbourne Tram Book (3rd ed.). Kensington, NSW: New South Wales University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781742233987" title="Special:BookSources/9781742233987"><bdi>9781742233987</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Melbourne+Tram+Book&rft.place=Kensington%2C+NSW&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781742233987&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft.au=Budd%2C+Dale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrams+in+Melbourne" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Melbourne&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tram_transport_in_Melbourne" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tram transport in Melbourne">Tram transport in Melbourne</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Trams_in_Melbourne#Q2060470" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Trams in Melbourne">Trams in Melbourne</a>.</div></div> </div> Official <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yarratrams.com.au/">Yarra Trams</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ptv.vic.gov.au/">Public Transport Victoria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/assets/PDFs/Maps/Network-maps/417bb4810a/PTV_Tram-Network-Map_2017.pdf">Complete network map</a></li></ul> Enthusiast <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vicsig.net/">Vicsig – Victorian tramway infrastructure and rollingstock information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=101996212121253487336.00046b4fa1952c40b9df2&z=11">Geographically accurate map on Google Maps</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cv.vic.gov.au/stories/built-environment/melbourne-trams-step-aboard/">A social history of Melbourne's Trams</a> on Culture Victoria</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://universitypress.rmittraining.com/tramjatra-imagining-melbourne-and-kolkata-tramways">Tramjatra: imagining Melbourne and Kolkata by tramways Mick Douglas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190531103400/https://universitypress.rmittraining.com/tramjatra-imagining-melbourne-and-kolkata-tramways">Archived</a> 31 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_transport_in_Melbourne766" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_train_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Melbourne_train_logo.svg/20px-Melbourne_train_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Melbourne_train_logo.svg/30px-Melbourne_train_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Melbourne_train_logo.svg/40px-Melbourne_train_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="513" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Railways_in_Melbourne" title="Railways in Melbourne">Train</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Melbourne#Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Melbourne">Lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamein_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamein railway line">Alamein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrave_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrave railway line">Belgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craigieburn_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Craigieburn railway line">Craigieburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranbourne_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranbourne railway line">Cranbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemington_Racecourse_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemington Racecourse railway line">Flemington Racecourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankston_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankston railway line">Frankston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Waverley_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Glen Waverley railway line">Glen Waverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurstbridge_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurstbridge railway line">Hurstbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilydale_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilydale railway line">Lilydale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mernda_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Mernda railway line">Mernda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakenham_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakenham railway line">Pakenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandringham_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandringham railway line">Sandringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Point_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Stony Point railway line">Stony Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbury_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunbury railway line">Sunbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upfield_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Upfield railway line">Upfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werribee_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Werribee railway line">Werribee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamstown_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Williamstown railway line">Williamstown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Operator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Trains_Melbourne" title="Metro Trains Melbourne">Metro Trains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Rolling stock</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comeng_(train)" title="Comeng (train)">Comeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%27Trapolis_100" title="X'Trapolis 100">X'Trapolis 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_Nexas" title="Siemens Nexas">Siemens Nexas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Capacity_Metro_Train" title="High Capacity Metro Train">HCMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%27Trapolis_2.0" title="X'Trapolis 2.0">X'Trapolis 2.0</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_Loop" title="City Loop">City Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flinders_Street_Viaduct" title="Flinders Street Viaduct">Flinders Street Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Tunnel" title="Metro Tunnel">Metro Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Airport_rail_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Airport rail link">Melbourne Airport Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Rail_Loop" title="Suburban Rail Loop">Suburban Rail Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_stations_in_Melbourne" title="List of railway stations in Melbourne">List of railway stations in Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Melbourne_rail_extensions" title="Proposed Melbourne rail extensions">Proposed extensions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;;text-align: left; background-color: #eee; box-shadow: inset 0.5em 0 0 0 #71BE43;"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_tram_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/Melbourne_tram_logo.svg/20px-Melbourne_tram_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/Melbourne_tram_logo.svg/30px-Melbourne_tram_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/Melbourne_tram_logo.svg/40px-Melbourne_tram_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Melbourne_tram_routes" title="List of Melbourne tram routes">Routes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_1" title="Melbourne tram route 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_3" title="Melbourne tram route 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_5" title="Melbourne tram route 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_6" title="Melbourne tram route 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_11" title="Melbourne tram route 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_12" title="Melbourne tram route 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_16" title="Melbourne tram route 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_19" title="Melbourne tram route 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_30" title="Melbourne tram route 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Circle_tram" title="City Circle tram">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_48" title="Melbourne tram route 48">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_57" title="Melbourne tram route 57">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_58" title="Melbourne tram route 58">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_59" title="Melbourne tram route 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_64" title="Melbourne tram route 64">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_67" title="Melbourne tram route 67">67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_70" title="Melbourne tram route 70">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_72" title="Melbourne tram route 72">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_75" title="Melbourne tram route 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_78" title="Melbourne tram route 78">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_82" title="Melbourne tram route 82">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_86" title="Melbourne tram route 86">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_96" title="Melbourne tram route 96">96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_109" title="Melbourne tram route 109">109</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Operator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yarra_Trams" title="Yarra Trams">Yarra Trams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Rolling stock</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W-class_Melbourne_tram" title="W-class Melbourne tram">W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-class_Melbourne_tram" title="Z-class Melbourne tram">Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-class_Melbourne_tram" title="A-class Melbourne tram">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-class_Melbourne_tram" title="B-class Melbourne tram">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-class_Melbourne_tram" title="C-class Melbourne tram">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C2-class_Melbourne_tram" title="C2-class Melbourne tram">C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-class_Melbourne_tram" title="D-class Melbourne tram">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-class_Melbourne_tram" title="E-class Melbourne tram">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-class_Melbourne_tram" title="G-class Melbourne tram">G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Melbourne_tram_extensions" title="Proposed Melbourne tram extensions">Proposed extensions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;;text-align: left; background-color: #eee; box-shadow: inset 0.5em 0 0 0 DarkOrange;"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_bus_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Victoria_bus_logo.svg/20px-Victoria_bus_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Victoria_bus_logo.svg/30px-Victoria_bus_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Victoria_bus_logo.svg/40px-Victoria_bus_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buses_in_Melbourne" title="Buses in Melbourne">Bus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bus_routes_in_Melbourne" title="List of bus routes in Melbourne">List of bus routes in Melbourne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_bus_route_202" title="Melbourne bus route 202">202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_bus_route_601" title="Melbourne bus route 601">601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_bus_route_901" title="Melbourne bus route 901">901</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Network_(Melbourne)" title="Night Network (Melbourne)">Night Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartBus" title="SmartBus">SmartBus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadmeadows_Bus_Service" title="Broadmeadows Bus Service">Broadmeadows Bus Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDC_Melbourne" title="CDC Melbourne">CDC Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranbourne_Transit" title="Cranbourne Transit">Cranbourne Transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysons" title="Dysons">Dysons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastoria_Bus_Lines" title="Kastoria Bus Lines">Kastoria Bus Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_Melbourne" title="Kinetic Melbourne">Kinetic Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Bus_Service" title="Martyrs Bus Service">Martyrs Bus Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKenzie%27s_Tourist_Services" title="McKenzie's Tourist Services">McKenzie's Tourist Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panorama_Coaches" title="Panorama Coaches">Panorama Coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Brothers_Bus_Service" title="Ryan Brothers Bus Service">Ryan Brothers Bus Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbury_Bus_Service" title="Sunbury Bus Service">Sunbury Bus Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_Systems_Victoria" title="Transit Systems Victoria">Transit Systems Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_Bus_Lines" title="Ventura Bus Lines">Ventura Bus Lines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Busway,_Melbourne" title="Eastern Busway, Melbourne">Eastern Busway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulleen_Park_and_Ride_bus_station" title="Bulleen Park and Ride bus station">Bulleen Park and Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doncaster_Park_and_Ride_bus_station" title="Doncaster Park and Ride bus station">Doncaster Park and Ride</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;;text-align: left; background-color: #eee; box-shadow: inset 0.5em 0 0 0 #8F1A95;"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_train_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/Victoria_train_logo.svg/20px-Victoria_train_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/Victoria_train_logo.svg/30px-Victoria_train_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/Victoria_train_logo.svg/40px-Victoria_train_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="513" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Railways_in_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Railways in Victoria">Regional train</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deer_Park%E2%80%93West_Werribee_railway_line" title="Deer Park–West Werribee railway line">Deer Park–West Werribee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballarat_V/Line_rail_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballarat V/Line rail service">Melton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Operator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V/Line" title="V/Line">V/Line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Rolling stock</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V/Line_VLocity" title="V/Line VLocity">VLocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V/Line_Sprinter" title="V/Line Sprinter">Sprinter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V/Line_N_class" title="V/Line N class">N class</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VicRail_N_type_carriage" title="VicRail N type carriage">N type carriage</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Rail_Link_project" title="Regional Rail Link project">Regional Rail Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rail_Plan" title="Western Rail Plan">Western Rail Plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;;text-align: left; background-color: #eee; box-shadow: inset 0.5em 0 0 0 #00a799;"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_ferry_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Melbourne_ferry_logo.svg/20px-Melbourne_ferry_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Melbourne_ferry_logo.svg/30px-Melbourne_ferry_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Melbourne_ferry_logo.svg/40px-Melbourne_ferry_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Melbourne#Ferries" title="Transport in Melbourne">Ferries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westgate_Punt" title="Westgate Punt">Westgate Punt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;;text-align: left; background-color: #eee; box-shadow: inset 0.5em 0 0 0 Red;"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_skybus_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Melbourne_skybus_logo.svg/20px-Melbourne_skybus_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Melbourne_skybus_logo.svg/30px-Melbourne_skybus_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Melbourne_skybus_logo.svg/40px-Melbourne_skybus_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/SkyBus_(airport_bus)" title="SkyBus (airport bus)">SkyBus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SkyBus_(airport_bus)#Melbourne_City_Express" title="SkyBus (airport bus)">Melbourne City Express</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Operator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_Group" title="Kinetic Group">Kinetic Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;;text-align: left; background-color: #eee; box-shadow: inset 0.5em 0 0 0 #9C9C9C;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Transport_and_Planning" title="Department of Transport and Planning">Department of Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_Crossing_Removal_Project" title="Level Crossing Removal Project">Level Crossing Removal Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_Projects_Victoria" title="Rail Projects Victoria">Rail Projects Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #eee;"><div> <ul><li>Italics denotes services yet to commence</li> <li>*Only including services within metropolitan Melbourne</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trams_in_Melbourne410" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #78be20; color: #ffffff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MelbourneTramNavbox" title="Template:MelbourneTramNavbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #ffffff">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MelbourneTramNavbox" title="Template talk:MelbourneTramNavbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #ffffff">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MelbourneTramNavbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MelbourneTramNavbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #ffffff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trams_in_Melbourne410" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trams in Melbourne</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Melbourne_tram_routes#Current_routes" title="List of Melbourne tram routes">Current routes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_1" title="Melbourne tram route 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_3" title="Melbourne tram route 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_5" title="Melbourne tram route 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_6" title="Melbourne tram route 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_11" title="Melbourne tram route 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_12" title="Melbourne tram route 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_16" title="Melbourne tram route 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_19" title="Melbourne tram route 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_30" title="Melbourne tram route 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Circle_tram" title="City Circle tram">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_48" title="Melbourne tram route 48">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_57" title="Melbourne tram route 57">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_58" title="Melbourne tram route 58">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_59" title="Melbourne tram route 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_64" title="Melbourne tram route 64">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_67" title="Melbourne tram route 67">67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_70" title="Melbourne tram route 70">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_72" title="Melbourne tram route 72">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_75" title="Melbourne tram route 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_78" title="Melbourne tram route 78">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_82" title="Melbourne tram route 82">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_86" title="Melbourne tram route 86">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_96" title="Melbourne tram route 96">96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_109" title="Melbourne tram route 109">109</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Melbourne_tram_routes#Discontinued_routes" title="List of Melbourne tram routes">Former routes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_3" title="Melbourne tram route 3">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_8" title="Melbourne tram route 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_24" title="Melbourne tram route 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_31" title="Melbourne tram route 31">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_55" title="Melbourne tram route 55">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_55#Route_68" title="Melbourne tram route 55">68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_79" title="Melbourne tram route 79">79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_86#Route_95" title="Melbourne tram route 86">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_route_112" title="Melbourne tram route 112">112</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Current trams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W-class_Melbourne_tram" title="W-class Melbourne tram">W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-class_Melbourne_tram" title="Z-class Melbourne tram">Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-class_Melbourne_tram" title="A-class Melbourne tram">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-class_Melbourne_tram" title="B-class Melbourne tram">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-class_Melbourne_tram" title="C-class Melbourne tram">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-class_Melbourne_tram" title="D-class Melbourne tram">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C2-class_Melbourne_tram" title="C2-class Melbourne tram">C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-class_Melbourne_tram" title="E-class Melbourne tram">E</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Future trams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G-class_Melbourne_tram" title="G-class Melbourne tram">G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Former trams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-class_Melbourne_tram_(1910)" title="A-class Melbourne tram (1910)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-class_Melbourne_tram_(1917)" title="B-class Melbourne tram (1917)">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-class_Melbourne_tram_(1913)" title="C-class Melbourne tram (1913)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-class_Melbourne_tram_(1914)" title="D-class Melbourne tram (1914)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-class_Melbourne_tram_(1914)" title="E-class Melbourne tram (1914)">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-class_Melbourne_tram" title="F-class Melbourne tram">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-class_Melbourne_tram_(1913)" title="G-class Melbourne tram (1913)">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-class_Melbourne_tram" title="H-class Melbourne tram">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-class_Melbourne_tram" title="J-class Melbourne tram">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-class_Melbourne_tram" title="K-class Melbourne tram">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-class_Melbourne_tram" title="L-class Melbourne tram">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-class_Melbourne_tram" title="M-class Melbourne tram">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-class_Melbourne_tram" title="N-class Melbourne tram">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-class_Melbourne_tram" title="O-class Melbourne tram">O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-class_Melbourne_tram" title="P-class Melbourne tram">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-class_Melbourne_tram" title="Q-class Melbourne tram">Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-class_Melbourne_tram" title="R-class Melbourne tram">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-class_Melbourne_tram" title="S-class Melbourne tram">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-class_Melbourne_tram" title="T-class Melbourne tram">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-class_Melbourne_tram" title="U-class Melbourne tram">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-class_Melbourne_tram" title="V-class Melbourne tram">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-class_Melbourne_tram" title="X-class Melbourne tram">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X1-class_Melbourne_tram" title="X1-class Melbourne tram">X1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X2-class_Melbourne_tram" title="X2-class Melbourne tram">X2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y-class_Melbourne_tram" title="Y-class Melbourne tram">Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y1-class_Melbourne_tram" title="Y1-class Melbourne tram">Y1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Current operator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yarra_Trams" title="Yarra Trams">Yarra Trams</a></li> <li>Yarra Journey Makers (<a href="/wiki/Transdev_Australasia" title="Transdev Australasia">Transdev</a> (51%), <a href="/wiki/John_Holland_Group" title="John Holland Group">John Holland</a> (49%))</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Former operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Tramway trusts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fitzroy,_Northcote_%26_Preston_Tramways_Trust" title="Fitzroy, Northcote & Preston Tramways Trust">Fitzroy, Northcote & Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footscray_Tramway_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Footscray Tramway Trust">Footscray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_Tramways_Trust" title="Hawthorn Tramways Trust">Hawthorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne,_Brunswick_%26_Coburg_Tramways_Trust" title="Melbourne, Brunswick & Coburg Tramways Trust">Melbourne, Brunswick & Coburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prahran_and_Malvern_Tramways_Trust" title="Prahran and Malvern Tramways Trust">Prahran & Malvern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Private operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Melbourne_Electric_Tramway_%26_Lighting_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Company">North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Government owned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_%26_Metropolitan_Tramways_Board" title="Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board">Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transit_Authority_(Victoria)" title="Metropolitan Transit Authority (Victoria)">Metropolitan Transit Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Corporation" title="Public Transport Corporation">Public Transport Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Railways#Other_functions" title="Victorian Railways">Victorian Railways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.6em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Tramway_and_Omnibus_Company" title="Melbourne Tramway and Omnibus Company">Melbourne Tramway and Omnibus Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-Tram" title="M-Tram">M>Tram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TransdevTSL" title="TransdevTSL">TransdevTSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keolis_Downer" title="Keolis Downer">Keolis Downer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Tourist services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_Circle_tram" title="City Circle tram">City Circle tram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Tramcar_Restaurant" title="Colonial Tramcar Restaurant">Colonial Tramcar Restaurant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Current depots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_tram_depot" title="Brunswick tram depot">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camberwell_tram_depot" title="Camberwell tram depot">Camberwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essendon_tram_depot" title="Essendon tram depot">Essendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenhuntly_tram_depot" title="Glenhuntly tram depot">Glenhuntly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_tram_depot" title="Kew tram depot">Kew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvern_tram_depot" title="Malvern tram depot">Malvern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Workshops" title="Preston Workshops">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southbank_tram_depot" title="Southbank tram depot">Southbank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Former depots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Preston_tram_depot" title="East Preston tram depot">East Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_tram_depot" title="Hawthorn tram depot">Hawthorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Fitzroy_tram_depot" title="North Fitzroy tram depot">North Fitzroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Melbourne_tram_depot" title="South Melbourne tram depot">South Melbourne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Future depots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidstone_tram_depot" title="Maidstone tram depot">Maidstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Stops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Park_light_rail_station" title="Albert Park light rail station">Albert Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzac_Station_tram_stop" title="Anzac Station tram stop">Anzac Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Cove_light_rail_station" title="Beacon Cove light rail station">Beacon Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Street_Junction_tram_stop" title="Clarendon Street Junction tram stop">Clarendon Street Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Street_light_rail_station" title="Graham Street light rail station">Graham Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_University_tram_stop" title="Melbourne University tram stop">Melbourne University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Park_light_rail_station" title="Middle Park light rail station">Middle Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montague_Street_light_rail_station" title="Montague Street light rail station">Montague Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonee_Ponds_Junction_tram_stop" title="Moonee Ponds Junction tram stop">Moonee Ponds Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Port_light_rail_station" title="North Port light rail station">North Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Melbourne_light_rail_station" title="South Melbourne light rail station">South Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda_light_rail_station" title="St Kilda light rail station">St Kilda Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Vincent%27s_Plaza_tram_stop" title="St Vincent's Plaza tram stop">St Vincent's Plaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_tram_classification" title="Melbourne tram classification">Classification system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaclava_Junction" title="Balaclava Junction">Balaclava Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Interchange" title="Domain Interchange">Domain Interchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_roundabout" title="Haymarket roundabout">Haymarket roundabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_turn" title="Hook turn">Hook turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachi_to_Melbourne_Tram" title="Karachi to Melbourne Tram">Karachi Tram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Art_Trams" title="Melbourne Art Trams">Melbourne Art Trams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_cable_tramway_system" title="Melbourne cable tramway system">Melbourne Cable Trams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Melbourne_tram_extensions" title="Proposed Melbourne tram extensions">Proposed extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda_Junction" title="St Kilda Junction">St Kilda Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_trams_in_Melbourne" title="Timeline of trams in Melbourne">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_Tram" title="Think Tram">Think Tram project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VicTrack" title="VicTrack">VicTrack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_tram_depot#Friends_of_Hawthorn_Tram_Depot" title="Hawthorn tram depot">Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Tramcar_Preservation_Association" title="Melbourne Tramcar Preservation Association">Melbourne Tramcar Preservation Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramway_Museum_Society_of_Victoria" title="Tramway Museum Society of Victoria">Tramway Museum Society of Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trams_and_light_rail_in_Australia84" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TramsAustralia" title="Template:TramsAustralia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TramsAustralia" title="Template talk:TramsAustralia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TramsAustralia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TramsAustralia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trams_and_light_rail_in_Australia84" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Australia" title="Trams in Australia">Trams and light rail in Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Adelaide" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams in Adelaide">Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_rail_in_Canberra" title="Light rail in Canberra">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G:link" title="G:link">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Light_Rail" title="Newcastle Light Rail">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_rail_in_Sydney" title="Light rail in Sydney">Sydney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riverline_(Hobart)" title="Riverline (Hobart)">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Area_Express_(Perth)" title="Metro Area Express (Perth)">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockingham_Light_Rail" title="Rockingham Light Rail">Rockingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Coast_Light_Rail" title="Sunshine Coast Light Rail">Sunshine Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Ballarat" title="Trams in Ballarat">Ballarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bendigo" title="Trams in Bendigo">Bendigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Brisbane" title="Trams in Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Fremantle" title="Trams in Fremantle">Fremantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Geelong" title="Trams in Geelong">Geelong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Hobart" title="Trams in Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Kalgoorlie" title="Trams in Kalgoorlie">Kalgoorlie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Launceston" title="Trams in Launceston">Launceston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Trams in Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Perth" title="Trams in Perth">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Rockhampton" title="Trams in Rockhampton">Rockhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Sydney" title="Trams in Sydney">Sydney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heritage & tourist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballarat_Tramway_Museum" title="Ballarat Tramway Museum">Ballarat Tramway Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bendigo#As_a_tourist_tramway" title="Trams in Bendigo">Bendigo Tramways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Tramway_Museum" title="Brisbane Tramway Museum">Brisbane Tramway Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_tram_depot" title="Hawthorn tram depot">Hawthorn tram depot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Bay_Railway" title="Ida Bay Railway">Ida Bay Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Tramcar_Preservation_Association" title="Melbourne Tramcar Preservation Association">Melbourne Tramcar Preservation Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_Electric_Tramway_Society" title="Perth Electric Tramway Society">Perth Electric Tramway Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Cable_Tram" title="Portland Cable Tram">Portland Cable Tram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Tramway_Museum" title="Sydney Tramway Museum">Sydney Tramway Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Transport_Museum" title="Tasmanian Transport Museum">Tasmanian Transport Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramway_Museum_Society_of_Victoria" title="Tramway Museum Society of Victoria">Tramway Museum Society of Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramway_Museum,_St_Kilda" title="Tramway Museum, St Kilda">Tramway Museum, St Kilda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Harbor_Horse_Drawn_Tram" title="Victor Harbor Horse Drawn Tram">Victor Harbor Horse Drawn Tram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Landmarks_in_the_Melbourne_central_business_district405" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Melbourne_City_Centre_landmarks" title="Template:Melbourne City Centre landmarks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Melbourne_City_Centre_landmarks" title="Template talk:Melbourne City Centre landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Melbourne_City_Centre_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Melbourne City Centre landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Landmarks_in_the_Melbourne_central_business_district405" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Landmarks in the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_central_business_district" title="Melbourne central business district">Melbourne central business district</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Note: this includes landmarks in the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_central_business_district" title="Melbourne central business district">Melbourne central business district</a> and its immediate surrounds, not the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Greater Melbourne</a> metropolitan area</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precincts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Arts_Precinct" title="Melbourne Arts Precinct">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Melbourne" title="Chinatown, Melbourne">Chinatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docklands,_Victoria" title="Docklands, Victoria">Docklands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_End_Theatre_District" title="East End Theatre District">East End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Street,_Melbourne" title="Spring Street, Melbourne">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Precinct,_Melbourne" title="Greek Precinct, Melbourne">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Italy,_Melbourne" title="Little Italy, Melbourne">Little Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins_Street,_Melbourne" title="Collins Street, Melbourne">Paris End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMIT_Melbourne_City_campus" title="RMIT Melbourne City campus">RMIT Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southbank,_Victoria" title="Southbank, Victoria">Southbank</a>/<a href="/wiki/South_Wharf" title="South Wharf">Wharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Sports_%26_Entertainment_Precinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Sports & Entertainment Precinct">Sports & Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Life_Melbourne_Aquarium" title="Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium">Aquarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_Centre_Melbourne" title="Arts Centre Melbourne">Arts Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Convention_%26_Exhibition_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Convention & Exhibition Centre">Convention & Exhibition Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Melbourne" title="Crown Melbourne">Crown Entertainment Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMAX_Melbourne" title="IMAX Melbourne">IMAX Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_Park,_Melbourne" title="Luna Park, Melbourne">Luna Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Myer_Music_Bowl" title="Sidney Myer Music Bowl">Sidney Myer Music Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_End_Theatre_District" title="East End Theatre District">Theatre District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Zoo" title="Melbourne Zoo">Zoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shopping centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Block_Arcade,_Melbourne" title="Block Arcade, Melbourne">Block Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Arcade" title="Cathedral Arcade">Cathedral Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins_Place" title="Collins Place">Collins Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFO_South_Wharf" class="mw-redirect" title="DFO South Wharf">DFO South Wharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporium_Melbourne" title="Emporium Melbourne">Emporium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office,_Melbourne" title="General Post Office, Melbourne">GPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Central_Shopping_Centre" title="Melbourne Central Shopping Centre">Melbourne Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myer" title="Myer">Myer Flagship Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Market" title="Queen Victoria Market">Queen Victoria Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Village" title="Queen Victoria Village">QV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Arcade,_Melbourne" title="Royal Arcade, Melbourne">Royal Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Collins_Lane" class="mw-redirect" title="St Collins Lane">St Collins Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_District_Docklands" title="The District Docklands">The District Docklands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Centre_for_Contemporary_Art" title="Australian Centre for Contemporary Art">ACCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Centre_for_the_Moving_Image" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Centre for the Moving Image">ACMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Museum,_Melbourne" title="Chinese Museum, Melbourne">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Museum,_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenic Museum, Melbourne">Hellenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Potter_Museum_of_Art" title="Ian Potter Museum of Art">Ian Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Museum,_Melbourne" title="Immigration Museum, Melbourne">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Museum" title="Melbourne Museum">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Observatory" title="Melbourne Observatory">Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Potter_Centre:_NGV_Australia" title="Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia">NGV Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria" title="National Gallery of Victoria">NGV International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Melbourne_Gaol" title="Old Melbourne Gaol">Old Melbourne Gaol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Treasury_Building,_Melbourne" title="Old Treasury Building, Melbourne">Old Treasury Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMIT_Gallery" title="RMIT Gallery">RMIT Gallery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Melbourne" title="Government House, Melbourne">Government House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Town_Hall" title="Melbourne Town Hall">Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Melbourne" title="Parliament House, Melbourne">Parliament House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="State Library of Victoria">State Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Victoria_(building)" title="Supreme Court of Victoria (building)">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Barracks,_Melbourne" title="Victoria Barracks, Melbourne">Victoria Barracks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_Centre_Melbourne" title="Arts Centre Melbourne">Arts Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_108" title="Australia 108">Australia 108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eureka_Tower" title="Eureka Tower">Eureka Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_Square" title="Federation Square">Federation Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Exhibition_Building" title="Royal Exhibition Building">Royal Exhibition Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Remembrance" title="Shrine of Remembrance">Shrine of Remembrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Melbourne" title="St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne">St Patrick's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral,_Melbourne" title="St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne">St Paul's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_and_Jackson_Hotel" title="Young and Jackson Hotel">Young and Jackson Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Stadium" title="Docklands Stadium">Docklands Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Park_Circuit" title="Albert Park Circuit">Grand Prix Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icehouse_(arena)" title="Icehouse (arena)">Icehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeside_Stadium" title="Lakeside Stadium">Lakeside Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground" title="Melbourne Cricket Ground">Melbourne Cricket Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Park" title="Melbourne Park">Melbourne Park</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Cain_Arena" title="John Cain Arena">John Cain Arena</a> - <a href="/wiki/Show_Court_Arena" title="Show Court Arena">Kia Arena</a> - <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Court_Arena" title="Margaret Court Arena">Margaret Court Arena</a> - <a href="/wiki/Rod_Laver_Arena" title="Rod Laver Arena">Rod Laver Arena</a>) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Rectangular_Stadium" title="Melbourne Rectangular Stadium">Rectangular Stadium (AAMI Park)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Sports_%26_Aquatic_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Sports & Aquatic Centre">Sports & Aquatic Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Sports_%26_Entertainment_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Sports & Entertainment Centre">Melbourne Sports & Entertainment Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkville_Stadium" title="Parkville Stadium">Parkville Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Park_Golf_Club" title="Royal Park Golf Club">Royal Park Golf Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_gardens_of_Melbourne" title="Parks and gardens of Melbourne">Parks and gardens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Park_and_Lake" title="Albert Park and Lake">Albert Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Gardens,_Melbourne" title="Alexandra Gardens, Melbourne">Alexandra Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birrarung_Marr" class="mw-redirect" title="Birrarung Marr">Birrarung Marr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Gardens" title="Carlton Gardens">Carlton Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzroy_Gardens" title="Fitzroy Gardens">Fitzroy Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_Gardens" title="Flagstaff Gardens">Flagstaff Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Domain" title="Kings Domain">Kings Domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Gardens" title="Queen Victoria Gardens">Queen Victoria Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens_Victoria" title="Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria">Royal Botanic Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Park,_Melbourne" title="Royal Park, Melbourne">Royal Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasury_Gardens" title="Treasury Gardens">Treasury Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarra_Park" title="Yarra Park">Yarra Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Melbourne" title="Transport in Melbourne"> Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolte_Bridge" title="Bolte Bridge">Bolte Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_City_Trail" title="Capital City Trail">Capital City Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Circle_tram" title="City Circle tram">City Circle tram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CityLink" title="CityLink">CityLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Loop" title="City Loop">City Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flinders_Street_railway_station" title="Flinders Street railway station">Flinders Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Central_railway_station" title="Melbourne Central railway station">Melbourne Central station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_Bridge" title="Princes Bridge">Princes Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_railway_station" title="Southern Cross railway station">Southern Cross station</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Gate_Bridge" title="West Gate Bridge">West Gate Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarra_River" title="Yarra River">Yarra River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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