John Hume - Academy of Achievement

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In the last 30 years, political violence in Northern Ireland has claimed over 3,500 lives, but John Hume never abandoned the quest for a peaceful solution. Inspired by the example of Martin Luther King, Jr., the young ex-seminarian led a nonviolent civil rights movement in his home town of Derry. As a founder and head of the Social Democratic and Labour Party, as a Member of the European Parliament, and as a member of Britain's House of Commons, he has worked continuously for peace, tolerance and international cooperation. He set aside partisan differences to meet with rival parties, and braved the ancient sectarian divide to negotiate with Unionist leaders in talks which led to the 1993 Joint Declaration by Britain and Ireland, and the 1994 cease-fire agreement between the IRA and Unionist paramilitaries. The 1998 Good Friday agreement, ratified overwhelmingly by voters in Ireland, North and South, reflects principles John Hume has followed for his entire public life. His efforts were recognized when he and the Ulster Unionist leader David Trimble were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. These men dared to look past centuries of conflict in their country and imagine a future where people of all religions can live together in peace and freedom."/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-hume/"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:title" content="John Hume - Academy of Achievement"/> <meta property="og:description" content="<p class="inputTextFirst">"Over the years, the barriers of the past — the distrust and prejudices of the past — will be eroded, and a new society will evolve, a new Ireland based on agreement and respect for difference."</p> <p class="inputText">In the last 30 years, political violence in Northern Ireland has claimed over 3,500 lives, but John Hume never abandoned the quest for a peaceful solution. Inspired by the example of Martin Luther King, Jr., the young ex-seminarian led a nonviolent civil rights movement in his home town of Derry. As a founder and head of the Social Democratic and Labour Party, as a Member of the European Parliament, and as a member of Britain's House of Commons, he has worked continuously for peace, tolerance and international cooperation.</p> <p class="inputText">He set aside partisan differences to meet with rival parties, and braved the ancient sectarian divide to negotiate with Unionist leaders in talks which led to the 1993 Joint Declaration by Britain and Ireland, and the 1994 cease-fire agreement between the IRA and Unionist paramilitaries. The 1998 Good Friday agreement, ratified overwhelmingly by voters in Ireland, North and South, reflects principles John Hume has followed for his entire public life.</p> <p class="inputText">His efforts were recognized when he and the Ulster Unionist leader David Trimble were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. These men dared to look past centuries of conflict in their country and imagine a future where people of all religions can live together in peace and freedom.</p>"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-hume/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Academy of Achievement"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/hume-Feature-Image-2800x1120.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="2800"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1120"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="<p class="inputTextFirst">"Over the years, the barriers of the past — the distrust and prejudices of the past — will be eroded, and a new society will evolve, a new Ireland based on agreement and respect for difference."</p> <p class="inputText">In the last 30 years, political violence in Northern Ireland has claimed over 3,500 lives, but John Hume never abandoned the quest for a peaceful solution. Inspired by the example of Martin Luther King, Jr., the young ex-seminarian led a nonviolent civil rights movement in his home town of Derry. As a founder and head of the Social Democratic and Labour Party, as a Member of the European Parliament, and as a member of Britain's House of Commons, he has worked continuously for peace, tolerance and international cooperation.</p> <p class="inputText">He set aside partisan differences to meet with rival parties, and braved the ancient sectarian divide to negotiate with Unionist leaders in talks which led to the 1993 Joint Declaration by Britain and Ireland, and the 1994 cease-fire agreement between the IRA and Unionist paramilitaries. The 1998 Good Friday agreement, ratified overwhelmingly by voters in Ireland, North and South, reflects principles John Hume has followed for his entire public life.</p> <p class="inputText">His efforts were recognized when he and the Ulster Unionist leader David Trimble were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. These men dared to look past centuries of conflict in their country and imagine a future where people of all religions can live together in peace and freedom.</p>"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="John Hume - Academy of Achievement"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/hume-Feature-Image-2800x1120.jpg"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181020023237\/http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebSite","@id":"#website","url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181020023237\/http:\/\/www.achievement.org\/","name":"Academy of Achievement","alternateName":"A museum of living history","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181020023237\/http:\/\/www.achievement.org\/search\/{search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}}</script> <script 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class="feature-area__text-inner text-white"> <h2 class="serif-8 feature-area__text-subhead back"><a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever">All achievers</a></h2> <h1 class="serif-1 entry-title feature-area__text-headline">John Hume</h1> <h5 class="sans-6 feature-area__blurb">Nobel Prize for Peace</h5> </div> </figcaption> </div> </div> </figure> </header> </div>  <nav class="in-page-nav row fixedsticky"> <ul class="nav text-xs-center clearfix" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link active" data-toggle="tab" href="#biography" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Biography">Biography</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#profile" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Profile">Profile</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#interview" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Interview">Interview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#gallery" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Gallery">Gallery</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <article class="post-2481 achiever type-achiever status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry careers-public-service"> <div class="entry-content container clearfix">  <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane fade in active" id="biography" role="tabpanel"> <section class="achiever--biography"> <div class="row"> <header class="editorial-article__header col-md-8 col-md-offset-2 text-xs-center"> <i class="icon-icon_bio text-brand-primary"></i> <h3 class="serif-3 quote-marks">If thousands of soldiers in our streets can't stop the violence, then if I can save one single human life by talking, it's my duty to do so.</h3> </header> </div> <div class="row"> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar clearfix"> <h2 class="serif-3 p-b-1">Ireland's Champion of Civil Rights</h2> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Birth</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> January 18, 1937 </dd> </div> </aside> <article class="editorial-article col-md-8"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p>John Hume was born in the city of Derry, in Northern Ireland. In the British-ruled northern counties of the partitioned island, Catholics suffered keenly from discrimination in employment and housing. The oldest child of a Catholic family in the Bogside district of Derry, John Hume belonged to the first generation in Northern Ireland to have access to free public education, and he seized the opportunity to escape the seemingly endless cycle of poverty and unemployment. At first, he planned to study for the priesthood, but after three years of religious studies, he determined to serve his community by other means. He graduated from the National University of Ireland in 1958 with a bachelor’s degree in French and history. He spent several summers studying in France, at St. Malo, Brittany and at the <em>Institut Catholique</em> in Paris. He received his master’s degree from St. Patrick’s College, Maynooth, Ireland in 1964.</p> <figure id="attachment_20776" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-20776 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/hu056077-hume-older-pic-at-table.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-20776 size-full lazyload" alt="December 1973: Brian Faulkner of the UUP, Gerry Fitt and John Hume of the SDLP during an Irish Unity conference in Sunningdale, England, December 1973. (Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS )" width="2280" height="1552" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/hu056077-hume-older-pic-at-table.jpg 2280w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/hu056077-hume-older-pic-at-table-380x259.jpg 380w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/hu056077-hume-older-pic-at-table-760x517.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/hu056077-hume-older-pic-at-table.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">December 1973: Brian Faulkner of the Ulster Unionist Party, Gerry Fitt and John Hume of the Social Democratic and Labour Party during an Irish Unity conference in Sunningdale, England. (Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS)</figcaption></figure><p>On returning to Derry, he taught in the local schools, and began looking for other ways to relieve the distress of his community. With a few friends, John Hume founded the Derry Credit Union, the first credit union in Northern Ireland. Modeled on similar institutions in the United States, the Derry Credit Union began with only four members and only seven pounds in its account; 36 years later it would have 14,000 members and assets of £ 21 million. By the time he was 27, John Hume was president of the island-wide Credit Union League of Ireland and vice president of an international credit union movement. In 1964 Hume helped establish the Derry Housing Association to relieve the city’s housing shortage. The association built many homes, but soon met resistance from the city government, which feared any change in the city’s carefully drawn electoral map.</p> <p>Thwarted by the political system, Hume and his associates sought electoral reform through the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association. Inspired by the example of Martin Luther King, Jr., Hume counseled his followers to emulate Dr. King’s strategy of nonviolence, but nonviolent demonstrations were met with violent resistance, and the British Army entered the city to restore order. While trying to defuse a confrontation between demonstrators and the Army in 1968, Hume was repeatedly knocked down with a fire hose and finally arrested for “obstructing Her Majesty’s forces.” He was only fined £20, but he refused to pay, on principle, and appealed his case all the way to the House of Lords in Westminster, where his conviction was overturned.</p> <figure id="attachment_20767" style="width: 1526px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-20767 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/299302-006-hume.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-20767 size-full lazyload" alt="September 6, 1994: Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams shakes hands with John Hume, while Albert Reynolds, Prime Minister of Ireland, looks on. (Matthew Polak/CORBIS SYGMA )" width="1526" height="978" data-sizes="(max-width: 1526px) 100vw, 1526px" data-srcset="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/299302-006-hume.jpg 1526w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/299302-006-hume-380x244.jpg 380w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/299302-006-hume-760x487.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/299302-006-hume.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">September 6, 1994: Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams shakes hands with John Hume, while Albert Reynolds, Prime Minister of Ireland, looks on. The Northern Irish Nobel Laureate in Literature, Seamus Heaney, used a fable of a hedgehog and the fox to describe both Hume and Trimble and the difference between them. “John Hume is the hedgehog, knew a big truth that justice had to prevail,” he wrote. David Trimble, on the other hand, is “the fox, who has known many things, but who had the intellectual clarity and political courage to know that 1998 was the time to move unionism towards an accommodation with reasonable and honorable nationalist aspirations. In so doing, he opened the possibility of a desirable and credible future for all the citizens of Northern Ireland.” (Corbis)</figcaption></figure><p>In 1969, Hume was elected to the Northern Ireland Parliament, defeating a more hardline Nationalist candidate. The following year, Hume and his associates founded the non-sectarian Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP). In 1971, the British government responded to the SDLP and the fair housing marchers by creating a central independent housing authority, the Northern Ireland Housing Executive, to take control of public housing out of the hands of the local authorities.</p> <p>By the time this reform relieved the housing crisis, armed extremists on both sides of the conflict had embarked on a devastating cycle of murder and retaliation. In 1972 the British Government terminated regional government in Northern Ireland and began direct rule from London. The following year, both Britain and Ireland joined the European Economic Community (forerunner of the European Union), and John Hume increasingly looked to the example of European unity for a solution to the problems of Northern Ireland. In 1979, Hume was elected to represent Northern Ireland in the European Parliament at Strasbourg; that same year, he was chosen as leader of the SDLP.</p> <figure id="attachment_20768" style="width: 1293px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-20768 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-002-hume-trimble-blair.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-20768 size-full lazyload" alt="May 21, 1998: David Trimble, UK Prime Minister Tony Blair and John Hume await the result of an island-wide referendum on the Northern Ireland peace agreement. (Alan Lewis/CORBIS SYGMA )" width="1293" height="1001" data-sizes="(max-width: 1293px) 100vw, 1293px" data-srcset="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-002-hume-trimble-blair.jpg 1293w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-002-hume-trimble-blair-380x294.jpg 380w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-002-hume-trimble-blair-760x588.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-002-hume-trimble-blair.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">May 21, 1998: David Trimble, the UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, and John Hume await the result of an island-wide referendum on the Northern Ireland peace agreement. On Good Friday of 1998, An agreement was signed which was rightly seen as a breakthrough in the efforts to achieve a peaceful solution for the long-lasting conflict in Northern Ireland. In the referendum on May 25, the agreement won the support of a large majority of the people, and in June, elections were held to the Northern Ireland Assembly according to the principles laid down in the agreement. That year, formerly irreconcilable enemies attended the Assembly together. (Alan Lewis/CORBIS)</figcaption></figure><p>In 1983, Hume was elected for the first time to represent the constituency of Foyle in the House of Commons at Westminster. Voters in Northern Ireland increasingly turned away from more extreme parties to embrace the nonviolent, nonsectarian approach of the SDLP. In 1985, the governments of Britain and Ireland reached their first major agreement over Northern Ireland since the 1920s. Both governments confirmed that there would be no change in the status of Northern Ireland without the consent of a majority of its citizens, and the British government recognized, for the first time, a consultative role for the Irish government in the affairs of Northern Ireland.</p> <figure id="attachment_20770" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-20770 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342334-066-hume-trimble-nobles.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-20770 size-full lazyload" alt="The 1998 Nobel Peace Prize laureates, John Hume, right, and David Trimble, display the medals which they received during the peace prize awards ceremony in Oslo Town Hall in Norway on Thursday, December 10, 1998. (Micheline Pelletier/Corbis SYGMA)" width="2280" height="2277" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342334-066-hume-trimble-nobles.jpg 2280w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342334-066-hume-trimble-nobles-190x190.jpg 190w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342334-066-hume-trimble-nobles-380x380.jpg 380w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342334-066-hume-trimble-nobles-760x760.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342334-066-hume-trimble-nobles.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">The 1998 Nobel Peace Prize laureates, John Hume, right, and David Trimble, display the gold medals which they received during the peace prize awards ceremony in Oslo Town Hall in Norway on Thursday, December 10, 1998.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hume now undertook one of the most delicate actions of his career, initiating private talks with Gerry Adams, the leader of Sinn Féin, a party ostensibly committed to the unconditional unification of Ireland, by violence if necessary. It would take five years for these talks to bear fruit. When they became public in 1993, both men were subjected to ferocious criticism, and physical attacks were made on the homes of SDLP members. But the Hume-Adams Initiative opened the door for Britain’s affirmation in the Downing St. Declaration that it had no selfish interest in retaining control over Northern Ireland if the population of the region should freely choose unification with Ireland.</p> <p>Hume seized the opportunity to pressure the governments in Dublin and London to enter into talks with all parties to the conflict. He traveled frequently to the United States to enlist American support for the peace process, and American investment in Northern Ireland’s struggling economy. He became such a familiar figure in the halls of the U.S. Congress that Capitol observers took to calling him the “101st Senator.” He found an attentive listener in U.S. President Bill Clinton, who in 1995 became the first U.S. President to visit Belfast and Derry, lending visible American support for multi-party talks.</p> <figure id="attachment_20775" style="width: 2048px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-20775 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ft0031305-hume-clinton.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-20775 size-full lazyload" alt="March 17, 2000: U.S. President Bill Clinton meets with John Hume in the Oval Office. Clinton kick-started the stalled Northern Ireland peace process in separate meetings with its key players. (AFP/CORBIS)" width="2048" height="1365" data-sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" data-srcset="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ft0031305-hume-clinton.jpg 2048w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ft0031305-hume-clinton-380x253.jpg 380w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ft0031305-hume-clinton-760x507.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ft0031305-hume-clinton.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">March 17, 2000: U.S. President Bill Clinton meets with John Hume in the Oval Office at the White House. Clinton kick-started the stalled Northern Ireland peace process in separate meetings with its key players. (AFP/CORBIS)</figcaption></figure> <p>An unexpected partner joined the peace process in 1995 when the mainstream Unionist Party, the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), chose a new leader. David Trimble had been a Unionist member of Parliament for five years when he won an upset victory in his Party’s leadership contest. His hardline reputation suggested that he intended to draw the party away from any agreement with other parties in Northern Ireland, and from any contact with the Irish government. To the surprise of his followers, he agreed to meet with John Hume, and with leaders of the major parties in Ireland.</p> <figure id="attachment_50253" style="width: 1462px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-50253 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/John-Hume-and-Dr.png"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-50253 lazyload" alt="" width="1462" height="1462" data-sizes="(max-width: 1462px) 100vw, 1462px" data-srcset="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/John-Hume-and-Dr.png 1462w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/John-Hume-and-Dr-190x190.png 190w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/John-Hume-and-Dr-380x380.png 380w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/John-Hume-and-Dr-760x760.png 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/John-Hume-and-Dr.png"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">John Hume is presented with the Golden Plate Award by Council member Dr. James D. Watson, recipient of the Nobel Prize as co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, at the 2002 International Achievement Summit in Dublin.</figcaption></figure><p>Former U.S. Senator George J. Mitchell was invited by the British and Irish governments to chair the peace negotiations that resulted in the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Trimble signed on, over the objections of more than half of his parliamentary colleagues. He won them to his point of view and campaigned vigorously in the island-wide referendum that ratified the agreement, an accomplishment for which he shared the Nobel Prize for Peace with John Hume in 1998. Although there were many difficulties yet to be overcome, these brave men had set in place the foundation of a lasting peace.</p> <figure id="attachment_40075" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-40075 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/wp-2002-John-Hume-President-Bill-Clinton.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-40075 size-full lazyload" alt="Guest of honor John Hume and Golden Plate Awards Council member President Bill Clinton at the American Academy of Achievement's 2002 International Achievement Summit in Dublin, Ireland." width="2280" height="2294" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/wp-2002-John-Hume-President-Bill-Clinton.jpg 2280w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/wp-2002-John-Hume-President-Bill-Clinton-190x190.jpg 190w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/wp-2002-John-Hume-President-Bill-Clinton-378x380.jpg 378w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/wp-2002-John-Hume-President-Bill-Clinton-755x760.jpg 755w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/wp-2002-John-Hume-President-Bill-Clinton.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Guest of honor John Hume and Awards Council member President Bill Clinton at the Academy’s 2002 Summit.</figcaption></figure><p>David Trimble served as First Minister for the first five years of the new Northern Ireland Assembly, and struggled mightily to sustain his party’s support for the power-sharing arrangement. In November 2003, elections for the Assembly resulted in dramatic gains for more extreme parties from both sides of the sectarian divide. At first, it appeared that these results would threaten the stability of the power-sharing agreement, but despite initial fears, the peace agreement has held. Isolated incidents of violence have taken place, but a return to armed conflict has been soundly rejected by the great mass of the population on both sides of the sectarian divide.</p> <figure id="attachment_20780" style="width: 2160px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-20780 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7408.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-20780 size-full lazyload" alt="David Trimble addresses the Academy student delegates and members at the symposium held at Trinity College during the 2002 International Achievement Summit in Dublin, Ireland. (© Academy of Achievement)" width="2160" height="1440" data-sizes="(max-width: 2160px) 100vw, 2160px" data-srcset="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7408.jpg 2160w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7408-380x253.jpg 380w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7408-760x507.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7408.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Golden Plate awardee David Trimble addresses the Academy student delegates and members at the afternoon symposium held at historic Trinity College during the 2002 International Achievement Summit in Dublin, Ireland.</figcaption></figure><p>In May 2005, David Trimble was defeated for re-election to the British Parliament and stepped down as leader of the UUP. The party’s representation in Parliament had fallen to a single seat, out of 18 constituencies in Northern Ireland. The following year, David Trimble received a lifetime appointment to the House of Lords and was named Baron Trimble of Lisnagarvey. He did not stand for re-election to the Northern Ireland Assembly at the next election. On joining the House of Lords as a working peer, he joined the Conservative Party, and has proposed an alliance between the Conservatives and the Ulster Unionist Party. He is expected to play a significant role in any future conservative government in Britain.</p> <figure id="attachment_20784" style="width: 2700px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-20784 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/pe_00053490.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-20784 size-full lazyload" alt="October 23, 2010: John Hume pictured in his home city of Derry. John Hume was voted "Ireland's Greatest Person Ever" by hundreds of thousands of citizens in an Irish television program after a five-week contest. Hume not only help bring an end to the Troubles in the North, he fundamentally changed attitudes on the 800 years of bitterness and strife that blighted Ireland. (Martin McKeown/Press Eye)" width="2700" height="1800" data-sizes="(max-width: 2700px) 100vw, 2700px" data-srcset="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/pe_00053490.jpg 2700w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/pe_00053490-380x253.jpg 380w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/pe_00053490-760x507.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/pe_00053490.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">October 2010: John Hume in his homecity of Derry. Hume was voted “Ireland’s Greatest Person Ever” by hundreds of thousands of citizens in an Irish TV program after a five-week contest. John Hume not only brought an end to the Troubles in the North, he also changed attitudes on the 800 years of bitterness and strife that blighted Ireland.</figcaption></figure><p>John Hume served for three years in the Northern Ireland Assembly. He continued to serve in the Parliaments of Europe and the United Kingdom until 2004, when he retired from electoral office. He remains one of the elder statesmen of European politics, a powerful voice on issues related to the Credit Union movement, European integration and global poverty. In the words of former U.S. President Clinton, John Hume remains “Ireland’s most tireless champion for civil rights and its most eloquent spokesman for peace.”</p></body></html> <div class="clearfix"> </div> </article> </div> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade" id="profile" role="tabpanel"> <section class="clearfix"> <header class="editorial-article__header"> <figure class="text-xs-center"> <img class="inductee-badge" src="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/inducted-badge@2x.png" alt="Inducted Badge" width="120" height="120"/> <figcaption class="serif-3 text-brand-primary"> Inducted in 2002 </figcaption> </figure> </header> <div class="row"> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar"> <dl class="clearfix m-b-0"> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Career</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> <div><a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/#filter=.public-service">Public Service</a></div> </dd> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Birth</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> January 18, 1937 </dd> </div> </dl> </aside> <article class="col-md-8 editorial-article clearfix"> <p class="inputTextFirst">“Over the years, the barriers of the past — the distrust and prejudices of the past — will be eroded, and a new society will evolve, a new Ireland based on agreement and respect for difference.”</p> <p class="inputText">In the last 30 years, political violence in Northern Ireland has claimed over 3,500 lives, but John Hume never abandoned the quest for a peaceful solution. Inspired by the example of Martin Luther King, Jr., the young ex-seminarian led a nonviolent civil rights movement in his home town of Derry. As a founder and head of the Social Democratic and Labour Party, as a Member of the European Parliament, and as a member of Britain’s House of Commons, he has worked continuously for peace, tolerance and international cooperation.</p> <p class="inputText">He set aside partisan differences to meet with rival parties, and braved the ancient sectarian divide to negotiate with Unionist leaders in talks which led to the 1993 Joint Declaration by Britain and Ireland, and the 1994 cease-fire agreement between the IRA and Unionist paramilitaries. The 1998 Good Friday agreement, ratified overwhelmingly by voters in Ireland, North and South, reflects principles John Hume has followed for his entire public life.</p> <p class="inputText">His efforts were recognized when he and the Ulster Unionist leader David Trimble were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. These men dared to look past centuries of conflict in their country and imagine a future where people of all religions can live together in peace and freedom.</p> </article> </div> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade" id="interview" role="tabpanel"> <section class="clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 interview-feature-video"> <figure> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/QRXo2epgzXM?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light&start=0&end=3677&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-and-Trimble-2002-MasterEdit.00_03_38_01.Still001-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-and-Trimble-2002-MasterEdit.00_03_38_01.Still001-760x428.jpg"></div> <div class="video-tag sans-4"> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> <div class="video-tag__text">Watch full interview</div> </div> </div> </figure> </div> <header class="col-md-12 text-xs-center m-b-2"> <i class="icon-icon_bio text-brand-primary"></i> </header> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar"> <h2 class="serif-3 achiever--biography-subtitle">Ireland's Champion of Civil Rights</h2> <div class="sans-2">Dublin, Ireland</div> <div class="sans-2">June 8, 2002</div> </aside> <article class="editorial-article col-md-8">   <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p class="inputtextfirst"><b>(John Hume and David Trimble were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1998 for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland. The Academy of Achievement interviewed both men in Dublin, Ireland at the International Achievement Summit on June 8, 2002. Their video interviews are combined here.)</b></p> <p class="inputtext"><b>Mr. Hume, when you became leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party, you were looking for a new approach to the conflict in Northern Ireland.</b></p> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/7bHQqo0cSXk?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light&start=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-and-Trimble-2002-MasterEdit.00_34_07_12.Still012-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-and-Trimble-2002-MasterEdit.00_34_07_12.Still012-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/keys-to-success/integrity/">Integrity</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="inputtext">We were strongly opposed, myself and my party were strongly opposed to violence, and to the IRA in particular because we argued that when we were a divided people, that violence could not heal the divisions. It only deepened the divisions and made the problem worse. And, of course, violence from one side always led to violence from the other as well, and you had the doctrine of “an eye for an eye,” which, as Mahatma Gandhi did say, leaves everybody blind. So we strongly opposed violence throughout, and what we did was present our analysis of the problem, saying that the people of Northern Ireland were divided, but they were divided about three sets of relationships. They were divided about the relationships within Northern Ireland, and they were divided about the relationships within Ireland, and they were divided about the relationship with Britain. And that for the problem to be solved, that those three sets of relationships should be the agenda at any talks. And given that that should be the agenda, then the British and Irish governments should be together at the table with all the parties.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><figure id="attachment_20769" style="width: 1597px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-20769 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-009-hume-trimble-bono.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-20769 size-full lazyload" alt="May 19, 1998: U2 singer Bono helps David Trimble and John Hume celebrate victory in the island-wide referendum on the Northern Ireland peace agreement. (Alan Lewis/CORBIS SYGMA )" width="1597" height="1235" data-sizes="(max-width: 1597px) 100vw, 1597px" data-srcset="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-009-hume-trimble-bono.jpg 1597w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-009-hume-trimble-bono-380x294.jpg 380w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-009-hume-trimble-bono-760x588.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-009-hume-trimble-bono.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">1998: Bono helps Trimble and Hume celebrate victory in the referendum on Northern Ireland peace agreement.</figcaption></figure><p class="inputtext">That was our strategy from the beginning. That eventually was achieved in 1998, when we all got ’round the table and got that agreement. But in those days, the British government would not talk to the Irish government about Northern Ireland, because its policy was that Northern Ireland was an integral part of the United Kingdom, full stop. Therefore, it was none of the business of the Irish government, ignoring the real problem, which was the conflict of two identities: the Britishness of the Unionist people, and the Irishness of the Catholic people, the Nationalist people.</p> <p class="inputtext"><b>In 1988, you initiated dialogue with Gerry Adams of Sinn Féin, which was a highly controversial move. You endangered your own life. Why was that such an important step, in your view?</b></p></body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/_e0edZ4xUn8?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light&start=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-and-Trimble-2002-MasterEdit.00_12_31_06.Still003-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-and-Trimble-2002-MasterEdit.00_12_31_06.Still003-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/keys-to-success/courage/">Courage</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="inputtext">John Hume: The IRA and Sinn Féin, what was called the Republican movement, were engaged in violence in order to attempt to solve our problem, and I was strongly opposed to that violence. And, of course, there was violence as well from the Unionist side, the loyalist paramilitaries, and of course, I felt it’s everyone’s duty to do everything they could to get the violence stopped. And, of course, thousands of British soldiers in our streets couldn’t stop the violence. And when I started my dialogue, of course, I was very heavily attacked for it. But, as I made clear at the time, if thousands of soldiers in our streets can’t stop the violence, if I can save one single human life by talking, it’s my duty to do so. And, I engaged directly in dialogue with Gerry Adams. And, of course, the dialogue arose out of the Anglo-Irish agreement of 1985, and my party, we were very heavily involved in the creation of that agreement.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p>We published a policy document in April 1981, and if you read that policy document, you’re reading the Anglo-Irish agreement of 1985. We argued strongly that, given the three sets of relationships, the British and Irish governments should come together and set up institutions, and those institutions were set up in the Anglo-Irish agreement.</p> <p>The basic policy of the British government was that since the majority of people in Northern Ireland wished to remain in the United Kingdom, that was that. We asked what would happen if the majority wanted something else, if the majority wanted to see Irish unity. The British government then agreed to say, “Well, if that happens, we legislate for it.” That removed the fundamental reasons that the IRA had always given for the use of violence. The historian in me knew what created the IRA and that movement. They believed that Britain was in Ireland defending their own interests, therefore the Irish had the right to use violence to put them out. My argument was that that type of thinking was out of date. I then came out with a statement and said, “Britain has now declared their neutrality on the future of Ireland, and therefore, violence has absolutely no role to play.” By keeping up that statement, I eventually got a message back that the Sinn Féin people would like to talk to me about it.</p> <p>I engaged in the talks with Gerry Adams, and the basic request to me was to prove what I was saying was true. I kept both the British and Irish governments fully informed of my dialogue with Gerry Adams, and in the end, I asked them to prove what I was saying was true, which led to the Downing Street Declaration, which made very clear that the British had no selfish economic or strategic interests in remaining in Ireland, and that if people agreed on Irish unity, they would legislate for it. That led straightaway to the cease fires, and led also to the dialogue with all parties and the two governments around the one table.</p> <figure id="attachment_20785" style="width: 1517px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-20785 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ut0011093-trimble-with-party-logo.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-20785 size-full lazyload" alt="November 19, 1999: David Trimble briefs the media before speaking to a meeting at his party's headquarters in Belfast.(Reuters NewMedia Inc./CORBIS)" width="1517" height="2048" data-sizes="(max-width: 1517px) 100vw, 1517px" data-srcset="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ut0011093-trimble-with-party-logo.jpg 1517w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ut0011093-trimble-with-party-logo-281x380.jpg 281w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ut0011093-trimble-with-party-logo-563x760.jpg 563w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ut0011093-trimble-with-party-logo.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">November 19, 1999: Trimble briefs the media before speaking to a meeting at his party’s headquarters in Belfast.</figcaption></figure><p><strong>Mr. Trimble, in 1995 you were chosen to lead the Ulster Unionist Party. Why were you chosen?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: The delegates of the Ulster Unionist Council made the choice, and they chose me. My pitch to the council was that I was going to change the way we did things. Instead of the defensive mindset that, unfortunately, had dominated Unionists up until then, I would make a serious effort to achieve things, and for that purpose I would prepare to go and meet people and talk to people that, in the past, we hadn’t talked to.</p> <p><strong>Including Gerry Adams and Sinn Féin?</strong></p></body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/3m9FkI5xl5Q?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light&start=0&end=63&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-and-Trimble-2002-MasterEdit.00_38_12_24.Still009-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-and-Trimble-2002-MasterEdit.00_38_12_24.Still009-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="inputtext">David Trimble: In the first instance, that actually meant John Hume, who was my first point of call, and it also meant going to Dublin and speaking to the Irish Prime Minister, which, again, we had not done. Gerry Adams was down at the end of that trail, not the beginning, because in 1995, with the situation where we were not engaged at that stage, not engaged in a serious direct discussion with Irish Nationalists or with the Irish government. Now, in doing that and talking to these people, I was not changing our political stance one iota. We are still a Unionist party that is there for the union of the United Kingdom, and very firmly dedicated to that. What I was doing was changing the approach on things, and indeed, trying to get a political agreement which would create and provide for stability, political stability in Northern Ireland. Now, from ’95 to ’98, we did actually achieve that.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><figure id="attachment_20773" style="width: 1985px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-20773 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/363863-001-hume-trimble-clinton.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-20773 size-full lazyload" alt="March 17, 2000: St. Patrick's Day in Washington. Bill Clinton receives Gerry Adams, John Hume and David Trimble at the White House. (CORBIS SYGMA )" width="1985" height="1590" data-sizes="(max-width: 1985px) 100vw, 1985px" data-srcset="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/363863-001-hume-trimble-clinton.jpg 1985w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/363863-001-hume-trimble-clinton-380x304.jpg 380w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/363863-001-hume-trimble-clinton-760x609.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/363863-001-hume-trimble-clinton.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">March 2000: On St. Patrick’s Day, Bill Clinton receives Gerry Adams, John Hume and David Trimble at White House.</figcaption></figure><p class="inputtext"><b>Mr. Hume, how did you envision a peace agreement between parties with such differing points of view?</b></p> <p class="inputtext">John Hume: In coming to that agreement, my party had a clear philosophy throughout. In Northern Ireland, we should have institutions that respected the differences of the people and that gave no victory to either side. In other words, we always argued for partnership government, or power sharing, as it was called. Representatives of all sections of the community should be in government, and there should be a council of ministers between Ireland, North and South, that was our strategy. We argued strongly for that, and that was eventually agreed. I always say that in my approach to that agreement, I was very heavily inspired by my European experience, because I was a member of the European Parliament.</p></body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/Drvy1bMdMwo?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light&start=0&end=75&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-and-Trimble-2002-MasterEdit.00_26_38_16.Still007-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-and-Trimble-2002-MasterEdit.00_26_38_16.Still007-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/keys-to-success/vision/">Vision</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="inputtext">The European Union is the best example in the history of the world of conflict resolution. Therefore, it’s the duty of every area of conflict to study how they did it, and that’s what we did. And of course, the three principles at the heart of that are the three principles at the heart of our Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland. Principle number one: respect for difference, no victory for either side. Number two: institutions which respect our differences, an assembly elected by a proportional system of voting, so that all sections of the people are represented, and an executive government elected by the assembly by a proportional system so that all sections are in government. Then the third principle, which in my opinion is the most important principle, which I call the healing process. We then work together, all sections of our people working together in our common interests, which is the principle that when our party was founded way back in the early ’70s, was central to common interests being real politics, economic development of our people, something which is in the area of agreement for all sections of people. And now we are doing that, working together. That’s the beginning of the healing process, as I say. We’re spilling our sweat together and not our blood.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p class="inputtext">My belief is that as we do that, over the years, the barriers of the past — the distrust and prejudices of the past — will be eroded, and a new society will evolve, a new Ireland based on agreement and respect for difference, in which Catholic, Protestant and Dissenter will be living together in agreement and mutual respect. That’s the strategy that myself and my party have pursued and are pursuing.</p> <figure id="attachment_20777" style="width: 1570px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-20777 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-Trimbe-348949-001-hume-trimble-on-balcony.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-20777 size-full lazyload" alt="December 10, 1998: John Hume and David Trimble greet well-wishers from the balcony of the Grand Hotel in Oslo, Norway on the eve of the Nobel Prize ceremony. (CORBIS SYGMA )" width="1570" height="1179" data-sizes="(max-width: 1570px) 100vw, 1570px" data-srcset="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-Trimbe-348949-001-hume-trimble-on-balcony.jpg 1570w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-Trimbe-348949-001-hume-trimble-on-balcony-380x285.jpg 380w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-Trimbe-348949-001-hume-trimble-on-balcony-760x571.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-Trimbe-348949-001-hume-trimble-on-balcony.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">December 10, 1998: Hume and Trimble greet well-wishers in Oslo, Norway on the eve of the Nobel Prize ceremony.</figcaption></figure><p class="inputtext"><b>Mr. Trimble, what are you most proud of having accomplished up to this point, realizing that things are not completely settled?</b></p></body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/jeSzYOXWcUY?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light&start=0&end=44&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-and-Trimble-2002-MasterEdit.00_17_05_28.Still006-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-and-Trimble-2002-MasterEdit.00_17_05_28.Still006-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/keys-to-success/perseverance/">Perseverance</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="inputtext">David Trimble: One does have to point to the fact that we did achieve an agreement, that we had that agreement endorsed by a majority of the people of Northern Ireland; that despite very considerable political difficulties since then, we have actually managed to implement the greater part of the political agenda of that agreement, and we have restored local parliamentary institutions in Northern Ireland, that we have a local administration in place which is working, maybe not working ideally, but is still actually there. Those are the significant political developments that one’s had a hand in and obviously, one would point to that as being the things that one looks back at with most satisfaction, but I realize that it’s still work in progress.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><figure id="attachment_20783" style="width: 2160px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-20783 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7724.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-20783 size-full lazyload" alt="Academy of Achievement's Awards Council member and Nobel Prize laureate Dr. James D. Watson presents the Academy's Golden Plate Award to John Hume at the 2002 International Achievement Summit in Dublin, Ireland." width="2160" height="1440" data-sizes="(max-width: 2160px) 100vw, 2160px" data-srcset="/web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7724.jpg 2160w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7724-380x253.jpg 380w, /web/20181020023237im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7724-760x507.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7724.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Academy of Achievement’s Awards Council member and Nobel Prize laureate Dr. James D. Watson presents the Academy’s Golden Plate Award to John Hume at the 2002 International Achievement Summit in Dublin, Ireland.</figcaption></figure><p><strong>Mr. Hume, what led you to believe a lasting peace was possible?</strong></p></body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020023237if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/T7ktyAmw3is?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light&start=0&end=40&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-and-Trimble-2002-MasterEdit.00_51_55_19.Still016-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-and-Trimble-2002-MasterEdit.00_51_55_19.Still016-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/keys-to-success/vision/">Vision</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="inputtext">I always tell the story of the first time I went to Strasbourg in 1979, to the European Parliament. I went for a walk across the bridge from Strasbourg in France to Kehl in Germany. And I stopped in the middle of the bridge and meditated — 1979 — that if I had stood on this bridge 30 years ago, I thought, at the end of the Second World War, and at the end of the first half of that century, which was the worst in the history of the world, two world wars, and about a hundred million people slaughtered, who could have dreamt then that in the second half of that century, those same peoples would unite in a European Union? But they did.</p> </div> </div>     <aside class="collapse" id="full-interview">    <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p><strong>Mr. Hume, can you tell us a little bit about your background? Where did you grow up?</strong></p> <p>John Hume: I grew up in Derry, of course, and it was — Derry was the worst example of Northern Ireland’s discrimination. Of course, the Unionist people, wishing to protect their heritage and their identity — and they’ve every right to do that, in my opinion because every society has diversity, and respect for diversity is central and essential. But my quarrel with their approach was, of course, their methodology. I called it their Afrikaner mind set. They held all power in their own hands in order to protect themselves, in order to ensure that the minority in Northern Ireland, which was the Catholic population, never became a majority, and that meant widespread discrimination in housing, in jobs and in voting rights. And of course, the worst example of that was the city of Derry, where I lived. Seventy percent of the population of Derry was from the Catholic community, largely Nationalist people who wanted Irish unity, and of course, 30 percent were the Protestant community, who were Unionists, but they governed the city and their system was known as gerrymander. They divided the city into three electoral wards, and in one ward there was 70 percent of the people, the Catholic population, and they elected eight representatives to the city council. And the other — there was two other districts which represented 30 percent of the population, and each of those districts elected six members. So the Unionists always had 12 to eight.</p> <p><strong>It was a kind of ghettoization, wasn’t it?</strong></p> <p>John Hume: Total ghettoization, because they were in charge of public housing, the local council, and they deliberately located people in a ghetto situation in order to ensure that they maintained control.</p> <p><strong>How did this affect your own family? Your father, we understand, was unemployed.</strong></p> <p>John Hume: Well, of course, this meant that there was discrimination not only in housing, but in jobs. And my father was unemployed, and of course, he was a very, very intelligent man and well known as that, because when I was child, growing up in our home, I would be sitting at the table doing my homework and my father would be sitting at the table, and people would be coming in from the district and around the city for him to write their letters because he was a copper plate handwriter, and he also knew the whole system inside out. So that, we suffered a lot from discrimination, but what happened — I was lucky in the sense that a new education system was introduced. It was introduced in Britain in 1944, but then eventually in Northern Ireland in 1947. In the first year of that, I passed the examination and got a scholarship to go to secondary school, and of course otherwise I would never have been educated.</p> <p><strong>Mr. Trimble, could you talk a little bit about your background, growing up?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: I’m a Presbyterian, and grew up within that ambit. The Town of Bangor, Northern Ireland, was predominantly Presbyterian. In Northern Ireland, Presbyterian is associated with people of Scots background, Scots origin. Several centuries, 350 years ago, my ancestors came from Scotland to Northern Ireland. Now there’s been, obviously, over 300 years, a fair degree of intermarriage and mixing and all the rest, but you can still say, in Northern Ireland, that Presbyterianism is an indication of a background and a culture which is Scots. Being what you would call an Episcopalian is an indication of a background that would be predominantly English.</p> <p><strong>Did you think about public service and government when you were growing up?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: I was interested in politics and would have taken a fair amount of interest, although my interest would have been in national politics rather than regional Northern Ireland politics. I remember, for example, staying up during the 1959 general election — which was won, of course, by Harold Macmillan — listening to the results. I would have been 14 at the time, and I would have been, in that sense, sort of — most of my years of school, people of the same age as myself wouldn’t have had the same interest in politics as myself, but I always was interested in politics.</p> <p><strong>What did you like reading, as a young person?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: Like everybody at that age, I read an awful lot of pulp fiction. But at the same time, I also read quite a bit of history and read that as much for pleasure as part of a curriculum.</p> <p><strong>Any particular favorites that you can remember, favorite authors from that time?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: There is one I do remember. It was a biography of King John, written by the chap who, at that time, was the main professor of history at Queens University. The thing that I liked about the book was that it didn’t follow the sort of traditional “bad King John” approach. It actually dealt with the times of John, and of course, people remember John in terms of Magna Carta and all the rest of it, but it was quite interesting to me to discover that John, when he was Lord of Ireland, had come right up to the other side of Belfast Lough, and had actually assaulted and carried Carrickfergus Castle, after a four-day siege and assault, which was quite remarkable because the castle — the Carrickfergus Castle which is still intact — it was quite a considerable fortification. It was the seat of the Norman barons of Ulster, and the Earl of Ulster at that time had been in revolt against King John. And, he was actually noted for these lightning military moves, extremely successful ones. Now, I mind you, he came unstuck a number of other times as well. But, what I liked about that book is it actually challenged the received view in terms of the review that we had received and found in, as it were, the school text, the history text. And, that I find interesting, and again, of course, one finds that again and again in life, that the received wisdom is sometimes —very often — right, but at the same time, you can have situations where a view develops about a particular person and then you find, when you look a bit more closely, that the reality is otherwise.</p> <p>The author was Louis Warren, W.L. Warren. <em>King John</em> was his first book, and then he wrote another very good book on <em>Henry II</em>, and many other books, as well. I had the pleasure of meeting him and getting to know him quite well when I joined the staff at Queens University.</p> <p><strong>Mr. Trimble, could you talk a little bit about your early political life? First of all, how did you experience the Troubles yourself?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: Well, Bangor was a town in the north area of Northern Ireland which has not, in fact, been directly affected by the Troubles to any great extent. There have been effects, but not greatly. What we call “the Troubles” in Northern Ireland have been actually quite localized in their impact, in the sense that there are particular localities that have suffered very badly, North Belfast, for example, which has had a very bad impact in terms of the number of fatalities that have occurred. Although in terms of number of fatalities per population, the worst affected areas have been in West Tyrone, particularly around the small village of Castlederg. So you’ve got particular localities like that which have been badly affected. The disturbance to the political situation generally, yes, that has been a problem.</p> <p>One thing that particularly influenced me was that a lot of the initial difficulties arose around the City of Londonderry and a number of claims — political claims — were made about the City of Londonderry and particularly the local council. Now it just so happened that a relative of mine had been, in the late ’50s, mayor in Londonderry. When I heard people talk about —late ’50s, early ’60s — I heard people talk about what the local authority was alleged to have done in Londonderry, and I said, “Well, now, that can’t have been Jack, because I knew Jack to be a person of irreproachable character.” And I said, “What I’m hearing can’t be right.” That, if you like, ties up with my attitude to the history of John. “What I’m hearing can’t be right.” When I looked more closely at the circumstance, I thought it wasn’t entirely right, in fact, with regard to him personally, not right at all; but with regard to the situation, not a fair account, and that engaged me, at that sense. In terms of the violence of the Troubles, no, I can’t say that that affected me directly, although like everybody in Northern Ireland, I have had friends who have been murdered. I have close friends who have been murdered, although those came at a later stage. That’s in the mid 1970s, after the Troubles had been underway for some time before that happened, I had that experience.</p> <p><strong>Mr. Hume, how did your family survive? How did they support themselves?</strong></p> <p>John Hume: My father was unemployed and I was the eldest of seven children. We were very poor. And when you ask how did we support ourselves, the only funding that we had was unemployment payments. In this city, at that time, of course, most men were unemployed.</p> <p>The women worked, because the city was the center of the shirt industry. But my mother used to work at home at night. She didn’t work during the day because she was rearing seven children, but at nighttime, she would do some outside work for the shirt factories. We grew up, but we were poor. When I was at school, one of the things I did, I delivered newspapers at night to earn some money around the district. But that was a very common situation in the Derry of those days, and most Catholics grew up in that way.</p> <p>In my opinion, what changed the situation eventually — and, of course, it took a lot of time to change it, things like that don’t change in a week or a fortnight — was the new educational system. That, for the first time, our population, particularly — because up to then, if you were from a poor background, you couldn’t go to higher education, because your parents couldn’t afford it. I got a scholarship to go to secondary school, and then at the end of my secondary school period, I got a scholarship to go to university.</p> <p><strong>Mr. Trimble, what did your dad do?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: My father was a civil servant, fairly sort of middle ranking, low to middle ranking. He worked almost entirely in what was then called Administrative Labour, dealing with employment and unemployment issues. I remember, when I was very young, being taken to Belfast to what was commonly called “the Brew.” It was the Labor Exchange in Corporation Street, the main one in Belfast, where father worked.</p> <p>Then latterly he worked on the programs to encourage investment in Northern Ireland. I remember one project that he worked in, in a fairly minor way, but was very pleased to be associated with. It was the very large development just outside Londonderry, which resulted in a major U.S. firm coming. In order to get that firm to come, the Northern Ireland government had to build a power station, and also a power station at Coolkeeragh, and then also provide its own docking arrangements.</p> <p>A major jetty was built and all the rest, and that was just simply to get a very large U.S. textile firm to come. People were so keen to get investment. In those days, there was quite significant unemployment in Northern Ireland, and that had been the general pattern in Northern Ireland for many, many years.</p> <p><strong>What kind of school did you go to, Mr. Trimble?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: I went to the local schools, the local state primary school, and then to the local grammar school. A secondary school, which technically was an independent school, it was not part of the state educational system. I went to it simply because it was the nearest school.</p> <p><strong>What kind of student were you?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: Variable. The only thing I shall talk about is my sporting achievements at school. My primary sporting achievement at school was that I dodged games for two complete years and was well through the third year before they discovered that I had completely avoided all games. That, I think, is one of the achievements I had at school that I look back on with particular pride.</p> <p><strong>How did you manage that?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: The school’s playing pitches were physically remote from the school. They weren’t actually on the same site as the school. So by virtue of not turning up on the first day, en route from the school to the playing pitches, there was the library, and I sort of dropped off in the library and spent my time. I mean the Carnegie Library in Bangor, which served the town as a whole. I would spend my time in the library. I didn’t get on the sports master’s roll, so he didn’t notice my absence.</p> <p><strong>In the U.S. we call that ditching class.</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: Well there you are.</p> <p><strong>What person or persons most inspired you growing up?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: Every child growing up will look to their parents, my mother and my father. My grandmother lived with us. I picked up quite a bit of family lore and history from her, which was interesting. Those are, obviously, big influences. I think every individual is influenced primarily by the home, and then you look to the wider community that you’re growing up within, church, local community, school. These are the influences that everybody has. Some individuals might stand out because of one thing or another, but whether one’s perception as a child of what was important or not is accurate, I don’t know.</p> <p><strong>Mr. Hume, how did you become involved in politics?</strong></p> <p>John Hume: When I come home from university, of course, I thought that I had a duty to help those that weren’t as lucky as I was. And, the first thing I did was not — I wasn’t getting involved in politics, because the politics of those days was basically flag-waving and I had always felt politics should be about the living standards of people. But, when I come home, I wasn’t interested in politics in those days, but I was interested in helping people, and I got involved in the Foundation of the Credit Union movement. And, of all the things I’ve been doing, it’s the thing I’m proudest of because no movement has done more good for the people of Ireland, north and south, than the credit union movement.</p> <p><strong>What did the Credit Union do for people that wasn’t possible before?</strong></p> <p>John Hume: Before the arrival of the Credit Union, people who were from the poor background or a working class background couldn’t borrow from banks. Banks wouldn’t have them, and when they needed to borrow money for rearing their children and for furniture, et cetera, for normal things, then the methodology in those days was either from loan sharks or from pawn shops. And, of course, that meant that people were made poorer by all of that, particularly by the charge of loan sharks. So what the Credit Union movement did, of course, was not only help the ordinary people to have the true value of whatever their income was, but it helped local business, small business as well, because the money that would have left your city in loan charges remained and were spent. Therefore — I mean, when we started the Credit Union in those early days, the first few meetings, a few people joined, but very soon it spread rapidly. And today, that Credit Union — which I was involved in starting in 1960 — has 22,000 members, and has something over 40 million pounds in savings of the people. And of course, all over Ireland today, there’s 2.2 million members in Credit Union in a population of five million, and I am very proud that I was President of the Credit Union League of Ireland — of the whole of Ireland — when I was 27 years old.</p> <p><strong>Where did that kind of vision come from, Mr. Hume? Did you always have a feeling that you would be a leader in your world?</strong></p> <p>John Hume: I never thought in terms of being a leader. I thought very simply in terms of helping people. Having grown up as I grew up, I felt that anything I could do to help people I should do it, putting into practice normal attitudes to life. I think most human beings would help other people if they were able to do so.</p> <p><strong>You also made a very large difference in the lives of your countrymen by making it possible for more people to own their own homes. Could you tell us about that?</strong></p> <p>John Hume: When I was involved in Credit Union, I decided to do the same in housing, because housing discrimination was very widespread in our city. In working class districts, you had several families living together in the one house, and it was very difficult to get a house, because the politicians who controlled housing were doing so in a very discriminatory fashion.</p> <p>What I got involved in was founding a housing association to build our own houses in the same manner as the Credit Union, but in the first year or so, we housed about 100 families. Then I put in a plan to build 700 houses, and the local politicians wouldn’t give us planning permission because it would upset the voting balance in their gerrymandered system, and that led me straight into politics, led me straight into the civil rights movement. And of course, in the 1960s, civil rights was very much in the international news because of the leadership of Martin Luther King in the United States, and that had a very major influence on people like myself, and we got involved in the civil rights movement, seeking equality of treatment for all sections of our people, and of course, my involvement in the civil rights movement led me straight into politics.</p> <p><strong>What was the connection between the civil rights movement in America and in Northern Ireland?</strong></p> <p>John Hume: In Northern Ireland, the civil rights movement was about discrimination and about equality of treatment. The civil rights movement in the United States was about the same thing, about equality of treatment for all sections of the people, and that is precisely what our movement was about.</p> <p>The slogan that we had was “one man, one vote.” Today we would say “one person, one vote,” fair allocation of housing and fair allocation of jobs, and those were the three areas of discrimination. For example, in voting in those days, for example, at a local government level where all the discrimination took place, the only people who had votes were people who paid rates. So, if you grew up in your family, your mother and father would have votes because they paid the rent and rates, but you would have none, no vote, and of course, also, in those days, a limited company would have six votes. And, I remember a mayor of our city had 43 votes because he owned seven limited companies, which is 42 votes plus his own. So that was the civil rights that we were seeking: one person, one vote; fair allocation of housing; and fair allocation of jobs. Ordinary common sense and ordinary decency for our society, and that was our civil rights movement.</p> <p><strong>Mr. Trimble, you started your political career in the Vanguard party, didn’t you? What attracted you to them?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: There was a considerable political upheaval in the early ’70s when the Troubles began. The established Unionist political leadership seemed to have difficulty in responding to it, and a number of parties came into existence, Dr. Paisley’s Democratic Unionist Party came into existence, other groupings came.</p> <p>Vanguard was originally a “ginger group” within the mainstream Unionist party that evolved into a political party. What I found attractive about it was, unlike the others, it had a coherent response to the situation, and it seemed to me that it was doing some serious thinking about it. I joined Vanguard, and was elected as a Vanguard representative to the Constitutional Convention in 1975.</p> <p>Unfortunately, although we came very close in 1975 to producing an agreement that would have resolved the situation and indeed, it was my own grouping, Vanguard, and particularly Bill Craig, with whom I was associated at that time, who took the initiative in bringing forward those proposals, which as I say, came very close to producing an agreement. That did not eventuate, and that actually politically destroyed Vanguard as an operation, the controversy over Bill Craig’s proposed coalition with the SDLP in 1975 led to basically, first, a split and then a collapse in Vanguard. Vanguard, at that stage, was part of a coalition that embodied the other main Unionist elements, too. And, I had the experience then — in early 1976 — of being expelled and found myself in the political wilderness, politically, for the ten years that followed that. But, I remember the particular experience in the early ’70s, how close we came to agreement, the areas where we had failed and thought a lot about it over the time, and it did mean that when political opportunities came for me later in the 1990s, that I had the experience of going through a major political upheaval and crisis comparable to that that we experienced in the late ’90s.</p> <p><strong>So in a sense, the setback was a very educational experience for you.</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: For a person who is involved in politics, politics is not a situation where you have a stable career. Anybody thinks in politics that they are going to have a career that builds in the way that a career in the civil service or in academia or even perhaps some business, they think that is going to happen, is wrong. Politics is very much a game of Snakes and Ladders, and I don’t think any politician can really regard themselves as being experienced and fully developed if they haven’t experienced failure, and I think failure is actually quite important in that sense. Seeing how other people react to you when you’ve had a failure is also quite educative.</p> <p><strong>“The Troubles” started around 1968, Mr. Hume. Can you talk a little bit about the beginning of that?</strong></p> <p>John Hume: We sought equality of treatment and civil rights, and of course that was refused and the civil rights movement was totally, as it was in the United States, totally non-violent and totally committed to non-violence, but quite often their marches would not be allowed by the government of the day in Northern Ireland. The marches would be stopped in the streets by the police of those days, and that, of course, created a lot of tension in the community as well. But as I say, the philosophy of the civil rights movement was certainly a strong philosophy of my own. I was very heavily inspired by people like Martin Luther King and by Mahatma Gandhi, and I quoted them quite a lot. In fact, in my political party, to this day, we always sing “We Shall Overcome.”</p> <p>But as I say, I then got into politics. I stood for election and in that election, I sought a mandate to found a new political party based on social democratic philosophy. In other words, that we would deal with real politics, with housing, with jobs, with voting rights, and not into flag-waving politics, because in my belief that was a common ground, and if you work common ground together, that that would end the divisions in our society. First of all, if you had equality of treatment and then you started working in matters that affect all sections of the community, but of course, given the nature of our politics, it was very difficult to break down those barriers because the governing body insisted in standing by the old-style approach, and it has been a hard, long road.</p> <p>The violence had broken out in both sides, but our philosophy as a party was very, very clear that there was two mentalities and both mentalities had to change. There was what I called the Afrikaner mind set of the Unionist politicians, which was holding all power in their own hands, and discriminating, and their objective was to protect their identity. We agreed that they had every right to protect their identity, but that their methodology should change because when you have widespread discrimination against a community, as we had in Northern Ireland, in the end, it’s bound to lead to conflict. And, our challenge to the change of the Unionist mind set was that — given their objective of protecting their identity, which we have no quarrel with — that given their geography and their numbers, the problem couldn’t be solved without them. Therefore, they should come to the table and reach an agreement that would protect their identity. Then in my own community, of course, what is called the Nationalist community, there was a mindset — not a majority mind set, but one that Ireland is — based on violence — and of course, that mind set I described as a territorial mind set: “Ireland is our land and you Unionists, Protestants, are a minority. Therefore you can’t stop us uniting.” Our challenge to that mind set, my challenge to that mind set, was that it is people that have rights, not territory. Without people, even Ireland is only a jungle, and when people are divided, victories are not solutions. When people are divided, the only solution is agreement.</p> <p><strong>Mr. Trimble, you joined the Ulster Unionist Party in the late 1970s. What was that party doing then? Why did it attract you?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: Well, it was the mainstream Unionist party. In the problems that developed in the early 1970s, there was a certain degree of confusion and other parties developed, as did Vanguard. Vanguard grew out of the Ulster Unionist party and many people in Vanguard then ran into difficulties. The natural thing was to move back into the mainstream and work within that. It was the only viable political option in the late 1970s.</p> <p>The Ulster Unionist Party, in the late 1970s, into the 1980s, was engaged in a very considerable internal debate about what the nature of its policy should be. I engaged in that a bit. I wasn’t entirely comfortable with the line that the leadership took in the 1980s, but nevertheless persisted and took part in the internal debate that was there. But, it was really only with the beginning of a talks process in 1991 that the opportunity came to change things, and, by then, I had found myself, a little bit to my surprise, a member of Parliament and returned as one of the party’s nine members of Parliament at Westminster. And so, when the opportunity came in 1991 with the beginning of the talks process, I was then finally in a position again to make some contribution politically.</p> <p><strong>Were there any equivocal feelings about taking a seat in Parliament, given the turbulence of the times?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: The opportunity came by surprise. I found myself in a position of being the chairman of a constituency association, in fact, actually, the party leader’s constituent association, and there was always, in my mind, the possibility that at some point, he would be standing down, and there would be perhaps the opportunity of seeking the nomination in his seat. And then, tragically, the Member of Parliament of the neighboring constituency, he died in his early ’50s from cancer, quite unexpectedly and so consequently, an opportunity arose then and as I say, somewhat to my surprise, I was selected to contest that, and delighted to get the opportunity to do so. I mean, when the chance came to move back into the front line of politics, I had no hesitation in doing so.</p> <p><strong>Mr. Trimble, given what was going on in Northern Ireland, this was a very difficult position to take. You obviously had some confidence, even back then, that you could make a difference.</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: I was grateful for the opportunity to make a difference. The political violence really started in 1970-1971. The political difficulties start a little bit beyond that. In the mid ’70s, certainly, at the time of the Constitutional Convention, ’74-75, many people would have said of Northern Ireland that it’s obvious what the outcome is going to be.</p> <p>You could sketch on the back of an envelope what the outcome was going to be. The detail would have to be negotiated. You would have to have the right opportunity to bring this about. You need to have the right combination of personalities. We nearly did it in ’75. Unfortunately, it took another 20 years before we had the right combination of circumstances and personalities. It’s important to bear in mind the difficulty of the situation. It was actually, to use someone else’s phrase, a low intensity situation.</p> <p>The fatalities were actually lower than the fatalities that would have happened in any comparable city in the United States at any one time during that whole time. Through the 1970s and ’80s, Northern Ireland actually had a lower crime level than any comparable industrial area. It had political violence, but that was happening at a level where there wasn’t the same high level of intensity. And so consequently, you might say there wasn’t quite the same pressure on society to make the compromises that were necessary. A lot of people were comfortable with the situation that existed, and that is part of the reason why it had lasted so long.</p> <p>So yes, in the 1990s, there was a difficult situation. My main frustration was the fact that — knowing that political progress was possible — we were, yet not been able to achieve that which I knew to be possible because of various difficulties, some personal, some of a political nature. So it took a long period of time before the chance that had been there in the 1970s recurred, and even then it took a talks process that lasted, with interruptions, from 1991 to 1998, to produce an agreement. And now we’re four years after the agreement, nearly —well, more than four years after the agreement — and we still haven’t actually changed an awful lot, in some respects. So, the talks took an awful long time. The implementation post-agreement is taking a long time, and that is one of the frustrations about this, that it has taken so long to reach the point of having the political breakthrough. But even after that, we are still struggling in terms of the implementation of the agreement. So, the main frustration comes from the slowness. Yet, I suppose when the historians come to look at it, they might actually find that the slow pace has had some benefits too, in enabling people to adjust and to change attitudes. But, from one’s point of view of being directly in conjunction with events, the slowness has been a bit frustrating, too.</p> <p><strong>Mr. Trimble, you showed tremendous strength of purpose in insisting on the disarmament process at the height of these talks, not backing down. Can you tell us about that?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: We’ve had some small progress on that issue, but the actual problem itself has not been resolved. The whole object of the agreement is to produce peace and democracy in Northern Ireland. We’ve got a lot of progress in terms of building democratic institutions and people working together, and yes, we’ve a much lower level of violence, and people have got a qualitative change in how their lives are conducted. But we haven’t got an absence of violence and we haven’t got rid of the private armies. You can’t say that you’ve got a society that’s operating by purely peaceful and democratic means if you still have various private armies, which have political ambitions, continuing every night again to flex their muscles.</p> <p>Now, that is the problem. That is the problem and until we can get that problem resolved, then we can’t be confident that, for example, with regard to the Irish republican movement, that its movement into politics has been genuine and not tactical. While it’s involved in politics, that’s fine, but while it still retains a private army, then you cannot be sure that its conversion to peace and democracy is genuine and is permanent. If it retains the option of going back to violence, you can’t really regard it as a normal political or power organization. And, the same is true with regard to the other private armies that exist, and the people that operate them and control them, that while they retain the option of resort to violence, then you can’t regard them as peace-loving democrats. And, that problem of the continuation of armed gangs with political objectives remains.</p> <p>It’s possible that what you’re seeing is part of a process of change, but we want to see the progress demonstrably taking place, and the goal getting closer. That’s part of the frustration, when things have been moving so slowly, over four years after the agreement. Some of the issues that the agreement settled on paper, we haven’t actually got them settled on the streets. That is quite frustrating, and it tends to drain away support from the process.</p> <p><strong>One aspect of the situation in Northern Ireland that has been well-covered in the United States is the issue of parading and the “siege of Drumcree.” Could you tell us about your role in that, Mr. Trimble, and why this 1995 incident was so significant?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: Yes. The business of parading is quite common in Northern Ireland, as indeed it is in the United States as well, and there are certain cultural reasons for that. And, for those of the Unionist community, the main parades and organizations that they would look at would be those which are Orange, that relate back to the Glorious Revolution at the end of the 17th Century, and those have been happening in Ireland from the 18th Century onwards. Yes, they represent a particular communal view, but they are essentially — to people within the Unionist community — they’re more in terms of a festival or a celebration. In the United States, you have the arrangement with regard to popular parades and all the rest of it, that people have the freedom of assembly and the right to process, and you would not allow and you’d not dream of allowing groups by the threat of violence to inhibit the exercise of that right. And indeed, there have been notable incidents in the United States where the authorities have gone to considerable lengths to ensure that even people that you don’t like have the right to process.</p> <p><strong>It’s in our Constitution.</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: It’s in your Constitution. It’s always been in our sense of liberty, as well, but in the United Kingdom we do not have a written constitution in the same way. And in a situation where those things which were popularly regarded as rights are actually dependent on ordinary law and custom and practice, then the situation can evolve differently.</p> <p>What has happened in Northern Ireland is we’ve got efforts being made to ghettoize society, for people to carve out ghettos and say, “This is our territory and nobody else is allowed to come into it.” And, those ghettos which were carved out haven’t remained static. Some places have expanded. And, what then happened with regard to the Drumcree incident is that a traditional parade, which had been following the same route since 1807, became controversial because part of the territory over which the parade was taking place changed color. And what had been an Orange road became a Green road, and then people living adjacent to that road said that they were going to prevent the parade from taking place.</p> <p>What had been a Protestant area had become Catholic, and that’s the adjacent territory. What you were actually dealing with was with the main road. There was no question of people parading through the streets of a housing district, but actually coming down the main road. The adjacent housing projects alongside the road had changed color, and the people there were saying, “We will stop this.”</p> <p>You had that clash between one view of liberty, which was one not very dissimilar from the view that you would take in the United States, and those who were trying to carve out areas which they could then dominate and control. Now, the latter development is actually part of a bigger problem that’s happening in Northern Ireland, in that over the years, the Troubles, the areas which have become sort of recognized, “That is a Green area that’s controlled entirely by republican paramilitaries.” “This is an Orange area; it’s controlled by loyalist paramilitaries.” This is a thoroughly bad situation because it diminishes the areas where there is any degree of common freedom, and it diminishes the areas where the normal laws of society apply. Because, although the authorities are supposed to govern everywhere, and the police are supposed to move in areas which are recognized as being dominated by loyalist paramilitaries or republican paramilitaries, then the normal rules don’t apply and that is a thoroughly bad development, and we’ve had those problems.</p> <p>It’s the same problems that we’re having with the violence that’s taken place in Belfast over the last few weeks. Again, it is what we call interfaces. In other words, on the boundary line between a republican ghetto and a loyalist ghetto, and there is fighting going on, and those boundary lines are not necessarily static. People are trying to expand their territory one way or the other, and it has produced in Belfast in the last few weeks some very serious riots.</p> <p>It is that general problem. Parades are a symptom, but the parade in itself is not a problem. Where there’s a problem, it is the ghettoization of society that has taken place. We need to find some way of actually arresting that and changing the context in which it operates. The agreement is supposed to do that.</p> <p>The agreement tries to set out a set of principles and standards that are applicable to all, to move to a rights-based society, and rights-based approach. But we are a long way from implementing all those matters. Yes, we’ve got the European Convention on Human Rights embodied in domestic law, and we have other structures that are there, but in terms of what happens on the street, I’m afraid it’s the older business of one gang fighting against another gang, one paramilitary group fighting another paramilitary group, the UDF fighting the IRA. That is what is happening on the streets, rather than the rights-based civil society that the agreement envisaged applying throughout society as a whole.</p> <p><strong>Mr. Hume, you mentioned your role as a historian and the vivid sense of history you felt in Strasbourg. How significant do you think your background as a scholar has been in the work you’ve done for Northern Ireland?</strong></p> <p>John Hume: The subjects that I specialized in eventually, when I got to university, and got my degree in, were French and history, so that I became a very fluent speaker of another people’s language. And, of course, that obviously developed my whole concept of diversity, and of the actual diversity of the world and it made a big — and of course, my history, as well. Obviously, your education does develop your philosophy, and central to my philosophy, of course, is the whole concept of respect for diversity. The realization is that difference is of the essence of humanity. There’s not two people in the whole world who are the same, and when you look at conflict, no matter where it is, what’s it about? It’s about difference, whether it’s religion, race, or nationality, and the answer to difference, as I have kept saying, is to respect, not to fight about it because difference is an accident of birth. Not one of us chose to be born into any particular community. Therefore, when I see a divided community like our own, I would say to people on the other side of that community, if you had been born into the other community, would you be fighting with what is now your old community and vice versa?</p> <p>In other words, the essence of unity of any community is respect for diversity. When you look at the founding fathers of the United States, what was their philosophy? It’s often forgotten, but I was very aware and it’s written, summarized on the American cent, <em>E pluribus unum</em>, written large on the grave of Abraham Lincoln, “From many we are one.” The essence of our unity is respect for diversity. And of course, when you consider the founding fathers of the United States were driven out of other countries by poverty, by famine, by conflict, by all of those things, and they decided that those things weren’t going to happen in their new land. And that was a philosophy, and of course, when you consider that, the essence of unity is respect for diversity, that’s a philosophy of peace for the world.</p> <p>I learned all that as a student, but I also think that education is central to the development of any society. Our generation was the first generation to get full education right through to the university level. That’s why I have been saying publicly, in recent months, that one of the things that we should be sending to Afghanistan is education. When you look at that poor country, 85 percent of its women can’t read or write because women are not allowed to go to school, and 65 percent of the community can’t read or write because they don’t go to school. The only wealth that exists in this world, the only wealth that any country has is people. Without people, any country is a jungle. It’s people who create, and therefore, if there is no education, their talents and creativity will not be fully developed.</p> <p>Education has transformed our society. I wouldn’t be sitting here talking to you if it wasn’t for education and before I grew up, our society was full of intelligent people who didn’t get educated, and very many of them were known as street characters, you know, and were very humorous people. I’ve been asked in recent interviews, “Are there any street characters in your city now?” and I say, “No, there’s not.” He says, “Well, where are they?” and I said, “They’re all university professors.” But, that’s the case. Education and I think this is a real strong message, particularly for third world countries and countries that are suffering terrible poverty and underdevelopment. While it’s right and proper to send them food and money, we should also — the best help we can give them is send them education, ensure that all of their young people and children will be fully educated because when that happens, a country will then become self-sufficient because its own people will create its own wealth.</p> <p><strong>Mr. Trimble, you taught for some years at Queens University School of Law. Do you think that being a law professor has informed what you have accomplished in recent years?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: Law and politics go naturally together because so much of political life does revolve around law and legislation. The mental techniques that lawyers develop are particularly helpful, I think, in dealing certainly with legislation, but also, I think, in dealing with politics as well, and that is the ability to analyze, to cope with a considerable volume of material, and to try and pick out from that what is relevant, what is not relevant, are particularly important and attention to detail also comes through, as well. My own preferred approach, in terms of approaching a political situation, will be not in terms of coming from sweeping, broad principles, or from emotional positions, but from a position of having respect for the facts that you’re dealing with, and looking at them closely, examining what is/what is not possible. A less dramatic perhaps form of approach, but yet one that is absolutely essential, doesn’t mean that you don’t have principles that guide you, and goals that you’re working towards, but it does mean that you focus on what is practicable, and what is realizable, and that you have some respect for the medium with which you are working, which is other people and other particular situations, and you don’t assume that you can remold humanity or change situations by dramatic gestures. So, the painstaking, methodical approach of the lawyer is, I think, actually a desirable thing, in life generally and particularly in political life, where people can quite often succumb to ideological views, and to the belief that it is possible easily to produce revolutionary change, when in fact it’s not.</p> <p>If it simply remains a matter of the UDA (the Ulster Defense Association), pitched against the Irish Republican Army, then the rest of society will be the loser, and John is quite right in that sense. What we need to do is to change the context entirely, and that is to get away from a society that is going to be dominated by competing sectarian ghettos, to a society where everybody is living by the same set of rules.</p> <p><strong>Mr. Hume, talk about what it meant to you and your struggle for peace to get the Nobel Prize.</strong></p> <p>John Hume: I was, obviously, very honored to receive the Nobel Prize, but as I said when I received it, I saw it not just as an award to myself. I saw it as a very strong statement from one of the most respected organizations in the world, the Nobel Institute, of support for our peace process, and of real sympathy for the people of Northern Ireland. In that sense, since it was awarded to both David Trimble and myself, I believe it strengthened the peace process, because it showed that there was real international sympathy for our people, and support for our peace process.</p> <p><strong>What did it do for you, Mr. Trimble?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: The Nobel Committee did say to us, that they liked to use the Prize constructively, to encourage developments that were taking place. They didn’t sit and wait until you had a situation where everything was settled and there were no more problems. Then making the award was like drawing a line over something that’s finished. They know that they’re acting in an evolving and a changing situation.</p> <p>I’m glad that they have that tolerance, because what was in my mind, when I first heard about the award, was that in 1977, the Norwegian Nobel Committee had awarded the Nobel Peace Prize to two people from Northern Ireland with regard to their efforts to bring about peace, at a time when there was some hope that those efforts would succeed. But unfortunately, in the fairly short time after the award was made, that hope died, and the award was made to people who were trying hard but that had failed. No reflection on them personally, but nonetheless it did fail.</p> <p>In the autumn of 1998, we’d got an agreement, and that was quite significant, but I was fully conscious of the difficulties there would be in implementing that agreement, and I knew that the agreement was not guaranteed to succeed. So my first reaction on the award was concern that history should not repeat itself. I didn’t want to see 1997 repeat itself and to find that the award is made, only to find a few months later that the political effort that the award recognizes collapses. That’s why I said at the time, in my first published comment, that I hoped that the award would not prove premature. We’ve managed to keep the process going, and have made progress since then, but mind you, we can’t even say that things are definitively settled and resolved at the moment.</p> <p><strong>What are the greatest challenges as you look ahead at the future of Northern Ireland?</strong></p> <p>David Trimble: The problems created by paramilitarism, by the armed gangs that exist, by the danger that those gangs will transmute themselves into Mafia-style organizations. Mafia started in Sicily as a national liberation movement; look how it’s developed since. There is a very serious danger there, and we have a lot of work to do to achieve the objective that we set ourselves in the agreement of producing a society that operates by exclusively peaceful and democratic means.</p> <p><strong>Mr. Hume, where do you see the big challenges in the future?</strong></p> <p>John Hume: As we look at our future, our big challenges are, of course, that we are working together in our common interests. Therefore, the big challenge is to make sure that the development of those common interests are successful, which means, largely speaking, real politics, the development of the economy. In other words, making sure that we give hope to our young people, that they can earn a living in the land of their birth because in the land that we have grown up in, many of our young people have had to leave to go to other lands to earn a living. But, the more that we ensure that to happen that will strengthen our community and, of course, it will mean that our young people from the different sections of our community will be working every day under the one roof. They will be spilling their sweat, not their blood and that will break down the real border in Ireland, which is in the minds and hearts of people, and it will break down and erode the prejudices and distrusts of the past, and build a completely new friendship, and a new Ireland will evolve, based on agreement and respect for difference.</p> <p><strong>Thank you.</strong></p> </div>  </aside>  <div class="read-more__toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#full-interview"><a href="#" class="sans-4 btn">Read full interview</a></div> </article> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade" id="gallery" role="tabpanel"> <section class="isotope-wrapper">  <header class="toolbar toolbar--gallery bg-white clearfix"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="serif-4">John Hume Gallery</div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 text-md-right isotope-toolbar"> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline m-b-0 text-brand-primary sans-4"> <li class="list-inline-item" data-filter=".photo"><i class="icon-icon_camera"></i>22 photos</li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="isotope-gallery isotope-box single-achiever__gallery clearfix"> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.59210526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/WP-TRIMBLE.jpg" data-image-caption="Former First Minister of Ireland David Trimble leaves a reception held at the Guildhall following the ceremonial funeral of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher on April 17, 2013 in London, England. Dignitaries from around the world joined Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, as the United Kingdom paid tribute to former Prime Minister Baroness Thatcher during a ceremonial funeral with military honours at St. Paul's Cathedral. Lady Thatcher was the first British female prime minister and served from 1979 to 1990. (Photo by Matthew Lloyd/Getty Images)" data-image-copyright="wp-trimble" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/WP-TRIMBLE-380x225.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/WP-TRIMBLE-760x450.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.73026315789474" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/wp-hume-Feature-Image-2800x1120.jpg" data-image-caption="April 2, 1996: John Hume. The head of Northern Ireland's Civil Service claimed the Nobel Peace Prize winner appeared politically bankrupt in 1985. It followed skillful and sustained Unionist pressure on the Nationalist leader to engage in talks about internal government, an official file said. The SDLP founder would go on to earn the Nobel accolade alongside Ulster Unionist leader David Trimble for efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict. Sir Kenneth Bloomfield penned a colourful metaphor about the former Foyle MP and MEP following a U.S. conference. (Brian Little/PA)" data-image-copyright="wp-hume-feature-image-2800x1120" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/wp-hume-Feature-Image-2800x1120-380x277.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/wp-hume-Feature-Image-2800x1120-760x555.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.0066225165563" title="Academy guest of honor John Hume and Golden Plate Awards Council member President Bill Clinton at the 2002 International Achievement Summit in Dublin, Ireland." data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - Academy guest of honor John Hume and Golden Plate Awards Council member President Bill Clinton at the 2002 International Achievement Summit in Dublin, Ireland.">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/wp-2002-John-Hume-President-Bill-Clinton.jpg" data-image-caption="Guest of honor John Hume and Awards Council member President Bill Clinton at the Academy’s 2002 Summit in Dublin, Ireland. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="wp-2002 John Hume President Bill Clinton" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/wp-2002-John-Hume-President-Bill-Clinton-378x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/wp-2002-John-Hume-President-Bill-Clinton-755x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.3499111900533" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ut0011093-trimble-with-party-logo.jpg" data-image-caption="November 19, 1999: David Trimble briefs the media before speaking to a meeting at his party's headquarters in Belfast. (Reuters NewMedia Inc./CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="ut0011093-trimble-with-party-logo" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ut0011093-trimble-with-party-logo-281x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ut0011093-trimble-with-party-logo-563x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="October 23, 2010: John Hume pictured in his home city of Derry. John Hume was voted " ireland's greatest person ever" by hundreds of thousands of citizens in an irish television program after a five-week contest. hume not only help bring an end to the troubles in the north, he fundamentally changed attitudes on the 800 years of bitterness and strife that blighted ireland. (martin mckeown press eye)" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - October 23, 2010: John Hume pictured in his home city of Derry. John Hume was voted " ireland's greatest person ever" by hundreds of thousands of citizens in an irish television program after a five-week contest. hume not only help bring an end to the troubles in the north, he fundamentally changed attitudes on the 800 years of bitterness and strife that blighted ireland. (martin mckeown press eye)">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/pe_00053490.jpg" data-image-caption="October 23, 2010: John Hume pictured in his home city of Derry. John Hume was voted "Ireland's Greatest Person Ever" by hundreds of thousands of citizens in an Irish television program after a five-week contest. Hume not only help bring an end to the Troubles in the North, he fundamentally changed attitudes on the 800 years of bitterness and strife that blighted Ireland. (Martin McKeown/Press Eye)" data-image-copyright="pe_00053490" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/pe_00053490-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/pe_00053490-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7724.jpg" data-image-caption="Awards Council member James Watson presents the Academy's Golden Plate Award to John Hume at the 2002 International Achievement Summit in Dublin, Ireland. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="img_7724" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7724-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7724-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7593.jpg" data-image-caption="David Trimble chats with Mikhail Gorbachev before the Golden Plate Award ceremonies at the 2002 International Achievement Summit in Dublin, Ireland. (© Academy of Achievement) " data-image-copyright="img_7593" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7593-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7593-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7419.jpg" data-image-caption="Chris Matthews moderated a discussion of the Northern Ireland peace process with the two men who received the Nobel Prize for Peace for their historic breakthrough in this cause: John Hume, MP; and the Right Honorable David Trimble, First Minister of the Northern Ireland Assembly. (© Academy of Achievement) " data-image-copyright="img_7419" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7419-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7419-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7408.jpg" data-image-caption="David Trimble addresses the Academy student delegates and members at the symposium held at Trinity College during the 2002 International Achievement Summit in Dublin, Ireland. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="img_7408" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7408-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7408-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7389.jpg" data-image-caption="John Hume addresses the Academy student delegates and members at the 2002 International Achievement Summit in Dublin, Ireland. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="img_7389" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7389-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7389-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.7" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7387.jpg" data-image-caption="John Hume addresses the Academy student delegates and members at the 2002 International Achievement Summit in Dublin, Ireland. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="img_7387" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7387-380x266.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/IMG_7387-760x532.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.75131578947368" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-Trimbe-348949-001-hume-trimble-on-balcony.jpg" data-image-caption="December 10, 1998: John Hume and David Trimble greet well-wishers from the balcony of the Grand Hotel in Oslo, Norway on the eve of the Nobel Prize ceremony. (CORBIS SYGMA)" data-image-copyright="hume-trimbe-348949-001-hume-trimble-on-balcony" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-Trimbe-348949-001-hume-trimble-on-balcony-380x285.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Hume-Trimbe-348949-001-hume-trimble-on-balcony-760x571.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.68026315789474" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/hu056077-hume-older-pic-at-table.jpg" data-image-caption="December 1973: Brian Faulkner of the UUP, Gerry Fitt and John Hume of the SDLP, during an Irish Unity conference in Sunningdale, England. (Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="hu056077-hume-older-pic-at-table" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/hu056077-hume-older-pic-at-table-380x259.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/hu056077-hume-older-pic-at-table-760x517.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ft0031305-hume-clinton.jpg" data-image-caption="March 17, 2000: U.S. President Bill Clinton meets with John Hume in the Oval Office. Clinton kick-started the stalled Northern Ireland peace process in separate meetings with its key players. (AFP/CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="ft0031305-hume-clinton" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ft0031305-hume-clinton-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ft0031305-hume-clinton-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66447368421053" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/DSC_1633.jpg" data-image-caption="Professor Gerry McKenna introduces former U.S. President Bill Clinton in 2003 to Professor Jim Allen while John Hume and Professor Tom Fraser look on. President Clinton was visiting the UU Magee campus to inaugurate John Hume as holder of the Tip O'Neill Chair sponsored by the Ireland Funds." data-image-copyright="dsc_1633" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/DSC_1633-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/DSC_1633-760x505.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.80131578947368" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/363863-001-hume-trimble-clinton.jpg" data-image-caption="March 17, 2000: St. Patrick's Day in Washington, D.C. Bill Clinton receives Gerry Adams, John Hume and David Trimble at the White House. (CORBIS SYGMA)" data-image-copyright="363863-001-hume-trimble-clinton" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/363863-001-hume-trimble-clinton-380x304.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/363863-001-hume-trimble-clinton-760x609.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.67105263157895" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/347134-005-hume-new-conf.jpg" data-image-caption="October 16, 1998: John Hume and his wife, Pat, meet with the press in Derry after the announcement of the 1998 Nobel Prize for Peace. (Alan Lewis/CORBIS SYGMA)" data-image-copyright="347134-005-hume-new-conf" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/347134-005-hume-new-conf-380x255.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/347134-005-hume-new-conf-760x510.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.005291005291" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342334-069-hume-with-bird.jpg" data-image-caption="John Hume, peacemaker. (Micheline Pelletier/CORBIS SYGMA)" data-image-copyright="342334-069-hume-with-bird" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342334-069-hume-with-bird-378x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342334-069-hume-with-bird-756x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342334-066-hume-trimble-nobles.jpg" data-image-caption="The 1998 Nobel Peace Prize laureates, John Hume, right, and David Trimble, display the medals which they received during the peace prize awards ceremony in Oslo Town Hall in Norway on Thursday, December 10, 1998. (© Micheline Pelletier/Corbis SYGMA)" data-image-copyright="342334-066-hume-trimble-nobles" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342334-066-hume-trimble-nobles-380x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342334-066-hume-trimble-nobles-760x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.77368421052632" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-009-hume-trimble-bono.jpg" data-image-caption="May 19, 1998: U2 singer Bono helps David Trimble and John Hume celebrate victory in the island-wide referendum on the Northern Ireland peace agreement. (Alan Lewis/CORBIS SYGMA)" data-image-copyright="342196-009-hume-trimble-bono" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-009-hume-trimble-bono-380x294.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-009-hume-trimble-bono-760x588.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.77368421052632" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-002-hume-trimble-blair.jpg" data-image-caption="May 21, 1998: David Trimble, UK Prime Minister Tony Blair and John Hume await the result of an island-wide referendum on the Northern Ireland peace agreement. (Alan Lewis/CORBIS SYGMA)" data-image-copyright="342196-002-hume-trimble-blair" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-002-hume-trimble-blair-380x294.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/342196-002-hume-trimble-blair-760x588.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.64078947368421" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/299302-006-hume.jpg" data-image-caption="September 6, 1994: Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams shakes hands with John Hume, while Albert Reynolds, Prime Minister of Ireland, looks on. (Matthew Polak/CORBIS SYGMA)" data-image-copyright="299302-006-hume" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/299302-006-hume-380x244.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/299302-006-hume-760x487.jpg"></div>  </figure>    </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <footer class="editorial-article__footer col-md-8 col-md-offset-4"> <div class="editorial-article__next-link sans-3"> <a href="#"><strong>What's next:</strong> <span class="editorial-article__next-link-title">profile</span></a> </div> <ul class="social list-unstyled list-inline ssk-group m-b-0"> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-facebook" data-gtm-category="social" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Shared Achiever on Facebook"><i class="icon-icon_facebook-circle"></i></a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-twitter" data-gtm-category="social" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Shared Achiever on Twitter"><i 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Carson, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jimmy Carter</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/johnny-cash/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Johnny Cash</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/william-j-clinton/"><span class="achiever-list-name">William J. Clinton</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/francis-s-collins/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/denton-a-cooley/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Denton A. Cooley, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/francis-ford-coppola/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Francis Ford Coppola</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ray-dalio/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ray Dalio</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/olivia-de-havilland/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Olivia de Havilland</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/michael-e-debakey-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Michael E. DeBakey, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/michael-dell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Michael S. Dell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ron-dennis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ron Dennis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/joan-didion/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Joan Didion</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/david-herbert-donald-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David Herbert Donald, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/david-doubilet/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David Doubilet</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/rita-dove/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Rita Dove</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sylvia-earle/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sylvia Earle, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/elbaradei/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mohamed ElBaradei</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/gertrude-elion/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Gertrude B. Elion, M.Sc.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/larry-j-ellison/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Larry J. Ellison</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/nora-ephron/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nora Ephron</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/julius-erving/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Julius Erving</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/tony-fadell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Tony Fadell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/paul-farmer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Paul Farmer, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/suzanne-farrell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Suzanne Farrell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sally-field/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sally Field</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lord-norman-foster/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lord Norman Foster</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/aretha-franklin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Aretha Franklin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/milton-friedman-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Milton Friedman, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carlos-fuentes/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Fuentes</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/athol-fugard/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Athol Fugard</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ernest-j-gaines/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ernest J. Gaines</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/william-h-gates-iii/"><span class="achiever-list-name">William H. Gates III</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/frank-gehry/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank O. Gehry</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/murray-gell-mann-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Murray Gell-Mann, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carlos-ghosn/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Ghosn</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/vince-gill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Vince Gill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ruth-bader-ginsburg/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/louise-gluck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Louise Glück</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/whoopi-goldberg/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Whoopi Goldberg</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jane-goodall/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Jane Goodall</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/doris-kearns-goodwin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Doris Kearns Goodwin, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/mikhail-s-gorbachev/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mikhail S. Gorbachev</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/nadine-gordimer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nadine Gordimer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/stephen-jay-gould/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen Jay Gould, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carol-greider-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carol Greider, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-grisham/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Grisham</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/dorothy-hamill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dorothy Hamill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/demis-hassabis-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Demis Hassabis, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lauryn-hill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lauryn Hill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sir-edmund-hillary/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Edmund Hillary</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/reid-hoffman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Reid Hoffman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/khaled-hosseini/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Khaled Hosseini, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ron-howard/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ron Howard</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-hume/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Hume</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/louis-ignarro-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Louis Ignarro, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/daniel-inouye/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Daniel K. Inouye</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jeremy-irons/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jeremy Irons</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-irving/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Irving</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/kazuo-ishiguro/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Kazuo Ishiguro</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sir-peter-jackson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Peter Jackson</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/donald-c-johanson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Donald C. Johanson, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/frank-m-johnson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank M. Johnson, Jr.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/philip-johnson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Philip C. Johnson</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/chuck-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Chuck Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/james-earl-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James Earl Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/quincy-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Quincy Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/beverly-joubert/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Beverly Joubert</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/dereck-joubert/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dereck Joubert</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/paul-kagame/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Paul Kagame</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/thomas-keller-2/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Thomas Keller</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/anthony-m-kennedy/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony M. Kennedy</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/b-b-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">B.B. King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carole-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carole King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/coretta-scott-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Coretta Scott King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/henry-kissinger-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Henry A. Kissinger, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/willem-j-kolff/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Willem J. Kolff, M.D., Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/wendy-kopp/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wendy Kopp</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/henry-r-kravis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Henry R. Kravis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/nicholas-d-kristof/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nicholas D. Kristof</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/mike-krzyzewski/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mike Krzyzewski</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ray-kurzwell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ray Kurzweil</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/eric-lander-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Eric S. Lander, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/robert-s-langer-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Robert S. Langer, Sc.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/richard-leakey/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Richard E. Leakey</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/leon-lederman-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leon Lederman, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/robert-lefkowitz-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Robert J. Lefkowitz, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/congressman-john-r-lewis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Congressman John R. Lewis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/maya-lin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Maya Lin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/george-lucas/"><span class="achiever-list-name">George Lucas</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/norman-mailer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Norman Mailer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/peyton-manning/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peyton Manning</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/wynton-marsalis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wynton Marsalis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-c-mather-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John C. Mather, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/johnny-mathis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Johnny Mathis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ernst-mayr-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ernst Mayr, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/willie-mays/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Willie Mays</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/frank-mccourt/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank McCourt</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/david-mccullough/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David McCullough</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/audra-mcdonald/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Audra McDonald</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/admiral-william-h-mcraven/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral William H. McRaven, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/w-s-merwin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">W. S. Merwin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/james-a-michener/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James A. Michener</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/marvin-minsky-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Marvin Minsky, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/mario-j-molina-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mario J. Molina, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/n-scott-momaday-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">N. Scott Momaday, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/story-musgrave/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Story Musgrave, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ralph-nader/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ralph Nader</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/peggy-noonan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peggy Noonan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jessye-norman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jessye Norman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/tommy-norris/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lt. Thomas R. Norris, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/joyce-carol-oates/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Joyce Carol Oates</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/pierre-omidyar/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Pierre Omidyar</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-page/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jimmy Page</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/larry-page/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Larry Page</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/arnold-palmer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Arnold Palmer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/leon-panetta/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leon Panetta</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/rosa-parks/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Rosa Parks</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/suzan-lori-parks/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Suzan-Lori Parks</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/linus-pauling/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Linus C. Pauling, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/shimon-peres/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Shimon Peres</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/itzhak-perlman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Itzhak Perlman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/general-david-petraeus/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General David H. Petraeus, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sidney-poitier/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sidney Poitier</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/general-colin-l-powell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General Colin L. Powell, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/harold-prince/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Harold Prince</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/venki-ramakrishnan-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Venki Ramakrishnan, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lord-martin-rees/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lord Martin Rees</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lloyd-richards/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lloyd Richards</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sally-ride-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sally K. Ride, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sonny-rollins/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sonny Rollins</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/anthony-romero/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony Romero</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/james-rosenquist/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James Rosenquist</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/pete-rozelle/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Pete Rozelle</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/bill-russell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Bill Russell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/albie-sachs/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Albie Sachs</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/oliver-sacks-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Oliver Sacks, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jonas-salk-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jonas Salk, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/frederick-sanger-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frederick Sanger, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/george-b-schaller-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">George B. Schaller, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/barry-scheck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Barry Scheck</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/richard-evans-schultes-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Richard Evans Schultes, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/general-h-norman-schwarzkopf/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/stephen-schwarzman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen A. Schwarzman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/glenn-t-seaborg-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Glenn T. 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Smith</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/stephen-sondheim/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen Sondheim</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sonia-sotomayor/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sonia Sotomayor</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/wole-soyinka/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wole Soyinka</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/esperanza-spalding/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Esperanza Spalding</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/martha-stewart/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Martha Stewart</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181020023237/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/admiral-james-b-stockdale/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral James B. 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