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id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ACPI_Component_Architecture_(ACPICA)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ACPI_Component_Architecture_(ACPICA)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>ACPI Component Architecture (ACPICA)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ACPI_Component_Architecture_(ACPICA)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operating_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operating_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operating systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operating_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OSPM_responsibilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OSPM_responsibilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>OSPM responsibilities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-OSPM_responsibilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle OSPM responsibilities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-OSPM_responsibilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Power_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Power states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Global_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Global states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Device_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Device_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Device states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Device_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Processor_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Processor_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Processor states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Processor_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Performance state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interfaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interfaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Interfaces</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interfaces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Interfaces subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interfaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Hardware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firmware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firmware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Firmware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firmware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85" title="واجهة الطاقة والتكوين المتقدم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="واجهة الطاقة والتكوين المتقدم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interf%C3%ADcie_ACPI" title="Interfície ACPI – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Interfície ACPI" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7_%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87" title="رابط قدرت و تنظیمات پیشرفته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابط قدرت و تنظیمات پیشرفته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACPI" title="ACPI – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="ACPI" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACPI" title="ACPI – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="ACPI" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACPI" title="ACPI – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="ACPI" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACPI" title="ACPI – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="ACPI" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACPI" title="ACPI – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ACPI" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACPI" title="ACPI – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="ACPI" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மேம்பட்ட அமைப்புவடிவாக்கமும் திறன் இடைமுகப்பும் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேம்பட்ட அமைப்புவடிவாக்கமும் திறன் இடைமுகப்பும்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACPI" title="ACPI – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="ACPI" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACPI" title="ACPI – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="ACPI" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E7%94%B5%E6%BA%90%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="高级配置与电源接口 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高级配置与电源接口" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q379523#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ACPI" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:ACPI" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Computer firmware interface standard</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For others, see <a href="/wiki/ACPI_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="ACPI (disambiguation)">ACPI (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Advanced Configuration and Power Interface</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">ACPI</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Published</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First published</th><td class="infobox-data">December 1996</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latest version</th><td class="infobox-data">6.5<br />August 2022</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>ACPI <a href="/wiki/Special_interest_group" title="Special interest group">SIG</a> (1996–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UEFI_Forum" title="UEFI Forum">UEFI Forum</a> (2013–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related standards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UEFI" title="UEFI">UEFI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Power_Management" title="Advanced Power Management">Advanced Power Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MultiProcessor_Specification" title="MultiProcessor Specification">MultiProcessor Specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_and_Play_BIOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Plug and Play BIOS">Plug and Play BIOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domain</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Power_management" title="Power management">Power management</a> firmware</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uefi.org/acpi">uefi<wbr />.org<wbr />/acpi</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Advanced Configuration and Power Interface</b> (<b>ACPI</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Open_standard" title="Open standard">open standard</a> that <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> can use to discover and configure <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">computer hardware</a> components, to perform <a href="/wiki/Power_management" title="Power management">power management</a> (e.g. putting unused hardware components to sleep), auto configuration (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Plug_and_Play" class="mw-redirect" title="Plug and Play">Plug and Play</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hot_swapping" title="Hot swapping">hot swapping</a>), and status monitoring. It was first released in December 1996. ACPI aims to replace <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Power_Management" title="Advanced Power Management">Advanced Power Management</a> (APM), the <a href="/wiki/MultiProcessor_Specification" title="MultiProcessor Specification">MultiProcessor Specification</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Plug_and_Play_BIOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Plug and Play BIOS">Plug and Play BIOS</a> (PnP) Specification.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ACPI brings power management under the control of the operating system, as opposed to the previous BIOS-centric system that relied on platform-specific firmware to determine power management and configuration policies.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The specification is central to the <b>Operating System-directed configuration and Power Management</b> (<b>OSPM</b>) system. ACPI defines <a href="/wiki/Hardware_abstraction" title="Hardware abstraction">hardware abstraction</a> interfaces between the device's firmware (e.g. <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/UEFI" title="UEFI">UEFI</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">computer hardware</a> components, and the <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internally, ACPI advertises the available components and their functions to the <a href="/wiki/Operating_system_kernel" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating system kernel">operating system kernel</a> using instruction lists ("<a href="/wiki/Method_(computer_programming)" title="Method (computer programming)">methods</a>") provided through the system <a href="/wiki/Firmware" title="Firmware">firmware</a> (<a href="/wiki/UEFI" title="UEFI">UEFI</a> or <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a>), which the kernel parses. ACPI then executes the desired operations written in <i>ACPI Machine Language</i> (such as the initialization of hardware components) using an embedded minimal <a href="/wiki/Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machine</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a> originally developed the standard, while <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Technologies" title="Phoenix Technologies">Phoenix</a> also participated later. In October 2013, ACPI Special Interest Group (ACPI SIG), the original developers of the ACPI standard, agreed to transfer all assets to the <a href="/wiki/Unified_EFI_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified EFI Forum">UEFI Forum</a>, in which all future development will take place.<sup id="cite_ref-acpi-october-2013_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acpi-october-2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latest version<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> of the standard 6.5 was released in August 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-revision-6.5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revision-6.5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture"><span class="anchor" id="AML"></span><span class="anchor" id="ASL"></span>Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The firmware-level ACPI has three main components: the ACPI tables, the ACPI BIOS, and the ACPI registers. The ACPI BIOS generates ACPI tables and loads ACPI tables into <a href="/wiki/Main_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Main memory">main memory</a>. Much of the firmware ACPI functionality is provided in <a href="/wiki/Bytecode" title="Bytecode">bytecode</a> of <i>ACPI Machine Language</i> (AML), a <a href="/wiki/Turing-complete" class="mw-redirect" title="Turing-complete">Turing-complete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domain-specific_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain-specific programming language">domain-specific</a> <a href="/wiki/Low-level_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-level language">low-level language</a>, stored in the ACPI tables.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To make use of the ACPI tables, the operating system must have an <a href="/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreter</a> for the AML bytecode. A reference AML interpreter implementation is provided by the ACPI Component Architecture (ACPICA). At the BIOS development time, AML bytecode is compiled from the ASL (ACPI Source Language) code.<sup id="cite_ref-freebsd_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freebsd-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ols2005_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ols2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ACPI_Component_Architecture_(ACPICA)"><span id="ACPI_Component_Architecture_.28ACPICA.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="ACPICA"></span>ACPI Component Architecture (ACPICA)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: ACPI Component Architecture (ACPICA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>ACPI Component Architecture</b> (<b>ACPICA</b>), mainly written by Intel's engineers, provides an <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> platform-independent reference implementation of the operating system–related ACPI code.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ACPICA code is used by Linux, <a href="/wiki/Haiku_(operating_system)" title="Haiku (operating system)">Haiku</a>, <a href="/wiki/ArcaOS" title="ArcaOS">ArcaOS</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-freebsd_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freebsd-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which supplement it with their operating-system specific code. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="1.0"></span><span class="anchor" id="1.0a"></span><span class="anchor" id="1.0b"></span><span class="anchor" id="2.0"></span><span class="anchor" id="2.0a"></span><span class="anchor" id="2.0b"></span><span class="anchor" id="2.0c"></span>The first revision of the ACPI specification was released in December 1996, supporting 16, 24 and <a href="/wiki/32-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="32-bit">32-bit</a> addressing spaces. It was not until August 2000 that ACPI received <a href="/wiki/64-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="64-bit">64-bit</a> address support as well as support for multiprocessor workstations and servers with revision 2.0. </p><p>In 1999, then <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> stated in an e-mail that <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> would benefit from ACPI without them having to do work and suggested to make it Windows-only.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="3.0"></span><span class="anchor" id="3.0a"></span><span class="anchor" id="3.0b"></span>In September 2004, revision 3.0 was released, bringing to the ACPI specification support for <a href="/wiki/SATA" title="SATA">SATA</a> interfaces, <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> bus, <a href="/wiki/Multiprocessor" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiprocessor">multiprocessor</a> support for more than 256 processors, <a href="/wiki/Ambient_light_sensors" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient light sensors">ambient light sensors</a> and user-presence devices, as well as extending the thermal model beyond the previous processor-centric support. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="4.0"></span><span class="anchor" id="4.0a"></span>Released in June 2009, revision 4.0 of the ACPI specification added various new features to the design; most notable are the <a href="/wiki/USB_3.0" title="USB 3.0">USB 3.0</a> support, logical processor idling support, and <a href="/wiki/X2APIC" class="mw-redirect" title="X2APIC">x2APIC</a> support. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="5.0"></span><span class="anchor" id="5.0a"></span><span class="anchor" id="5.1"></span>Initially ACPI was exclusive to <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> architecture; Revision 5.0 of the ACPI specification was released in December 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-spec-5.0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spec-5.0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which added the <a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM architecture</a> support. The revision 5.1 was released in July 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="6.0"></span><span class="anchor" id="6.5"></span>The latest specification revision is 6.5, which was released in August 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-revision-6.5_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revision-6.5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operating_systems">Operating systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operating systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LOGOS.SYS.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/LOGOS.SYS.png/250px-LOGOS.SYS.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/LOGOS.SYS.png/330px-LOGOS.SYS.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/LOGOS.SYS.png/500px-LOGOS.SYS.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>The "It's now safe to turn off your computer" screen in Windows 9x. Most of the computer peripherals are offline, and the only ways to exit this screen are to power off or reset the computer.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windows_NT_4.0_NonACPI_Shutdown.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b5/Windows_NT_4.0_NonACPI_Shutdown.png/220px-Windows_NT_4.0_NonACPI_Shutdown.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b5/Windows_NT_4.0_NonACPI_Shutdown.png 1.5x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="110" /></a><figcaption>The "It's now safe to turn off your computer" screen in Windows NT 4.0. Unlike Windows 9x and later NT releases, most of the essential computer peripherals are working normally, so the user can opt to restart instead of powering off their computer.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windows_10_Safe_to_shutdown_screen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Windows_10_Safe_to_shutdown_screen.png/220px-Windows_10_Safe_to_shutdown_screen.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Windows_10_Safe_to_shutdown_screen.png/330px-Windows_10_Safe_to_shutdown_screen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Windows_10_Safe_to_shutdown_screen.png/440px-Windows_10_Safe_to_shutdown_screen.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The "It's now safe to power off the system" screen in Windows 10 and 11.</figcaption></figure> <p>Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">Windows 98</a> was the first operating system to implement ACPI,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but its implementation was somewhat buggy or incomplete,<sup id="cite_ref-CowartKnittel2000_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CowartKnittel2000-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although some of the problems associated with it were caused by the first-generation ACPI hardware.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other operating systems, including later versions of <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> (x86 macOS only), <a href="/wiki/EComStation" title="EComStation">eComStation</a>, <a href="/wiki/ArcaOS" title="ArcaOS">ArcaOS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> (since FreeBSD 5.0<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a> (since NetBSD 1.6<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a> (since OpenBSD 3.8<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/GNU/Hurd" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU/Hurd">GNU/Hurd</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">PC</a> versions of <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>, have at least some support for ACPI.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some newer operating systems, like <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a>, require the computer to have an ACPI-compliant BIOS, and since <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>, the <a href="/wiki/InstantGo" title="InstantGo">S0ix/Modern Standby</a> state was implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Windows operating systems use acpi.sys<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to access ACPI events. </p><p>The 2.4 series of the Linux kernel had only minimal support for ACPI, with better support implemented (and enabled by default) from kernel version 2.6.0 onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-ols2004_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ols2004-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Old ACPI BIOS implementations tend to be quite buggy, and consequently are not supported by later operating systems. For example, <a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a> only use ACPI if the BIOS date is after January 1, 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Linux kernel 2.6 may not use ACPI if the BIOS date is before January 1, 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-ols2004_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ols2004-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Linux-based operating systems can provide handling of ACPI events via acpid.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="OSPM_responsibilities">OSPM responsibilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: OSPM responsibilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once an OSPM-compatible operating system activates ACPI, it takes exclusive control of all aspects of power management and device configuration. The OSPM implementation must expose an ACPI-compatible environment to device drivers, which exposes certain system, device and processor states. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power_states"><span class="anchor" id="S0"></span><span class="anchor" id="S1"></span><span class="anchor" id="S2"></span><span class="anchor" id="S3"></span><span class="anchor" id="S4"></span><span class="anchor" id="S5"></span><span class="anchor" id="POWER-STATES"></span>Power states</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Power states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Global_states"><span class="anchor" id="G0"></span><span class="anchor" id="G1"></span><span class="anchor" id="G2"></span><span class="anchor" id="G3"></span><span class="anchor" id="G4"></span><span class="anchor" id="GSTATES"></span>Global states</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Global states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ACPI Specification defines the following four global "Gx" states and six sleep "Sx" states for an ACPI-compliant computer system:<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Gx </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Sx </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>G0 </td> <td>Working </td> <td><span class="anchor" id="Away"></span>S0 </td> <td>The computer is running and the CPU executes instructions. "Away mode" is a subset of S0, where monitor is off but background tasks are running. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">G1 </td> <td rowspan="5">Sleeping </td> <td><span class="anchor" id="S0ix"></span><span class="anchor" id="S0i1"></span><span class="anchor" id="S0i2"></span><span class="anchor" id="S0i3"></span>S0ix </td> <td><a href="/wiki/InstantGo" title="InstantGo">Modern Standby</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Low Power S0 Idle". Partial processor SoC sleep.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sub states include S0i1, S0i2 and S0i3. Known to ARM and x86 devices. </td></tr> <tr> <td>S1 </td> <td><i>Power on Suspend (POS):</i> Processor caches are flushed and powered off, and the CPU(s) stops executing instructions. The power to the CPU(s) and RAM is maintained. Peripherals such as monitor and hard disk may be turned off. </td></tr> <tr> <td>S2 </td> <td>CPU powered off. <a href="/wiki/Dirty_cache" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirty cache">Dirty cache</a> is flushed to RAM. </td></tr> <tr> <td>S3 </td> <td>Commonly referred to as <i>Standby</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sleep_mode" title="Sleep mode">Sleep</a></i>, or <i>Suspend to RAM (STR)</i>: <a href="/wiki/RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="RAM">RAM</a> remains powered, and RAM enters low power mode. Most peripherals are turned off. Fans are usually turned off. Requires GPU drivers on Windows. </td></tr> <tr> <td>S4 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Hibernation_(computing)" title="Hibernation (computing)">Hibernation</a></i> or <i>Suspend to Disk:</i> All content of the <a href="/wiki/RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="RAM">main memory</a> is saved to <a href="/wiki/Non-volatile_memory" title="Non-volatile memory">non-volatile memory</a> such as a <a href="/wiki/Hard_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard drive">hard drive</a>, and the system is powered down. </td></tr> <tr> <td>G2 </td> <td>Soft Off </td> <td>S5 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Shutdown_(computing)" title="Shutdown (computing)">Shutdown</a>:</i> system is powered down. </td></tr> <tr> <td>G3 </td> <td>Mechanical Off </td> <td> </td> <td>The computer's power has been totally removed via a mechanical switch (as on the rear of a PSU). The power cord can be removed and the system is safe for disassembly (typically, only the <a href="/wiki/Real-time_clock" title="Real-time clock">real-time clock</a> continues to run using its own small battery). </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="anchor" id="Legacy"></span>The specification also defines a <i>Legacy</i> state: the state of an operating system which does not support ACPI. In this state, the hardware and power are not managed via ACPI, effectively disabling ACPI. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Device_states">Device states</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Device states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The device states <i>D0</i>–<i>D3</i> are device dependent: </p> <ul><li><i>D0</i> or <i>Fully On</i> is the operating state. <ul><li>As with S0ix, Intel has <i>D0ix</i> states for intermediate levels on the SoC.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>D1</i> and <i>D2</i> are intermediate power-states whose definition varies by device.</li> <li><i>D3</i>: The D3 state is further divided into <i>D3 Hot</i> (has auxiliary power), and <i>D3 Cold</i> (no power provided): <ul><li><i>Hot</i>: A device can assert power management requests to transition to higher power states.</li> <li><i>Cold</i> or <i>Off</i> has the device powered off and unresponsive to its bus.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Processor_states"><span class="anchor" id="CPU-states"></span><span class="anchor" id="CPU-STATES"></span><span class="anchor" id="POWER-STATES"></span>Processor states</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Processor states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CPU power states <i>C0</i>–<i>C3</i> are defined as follows: </p> <ul><li><i>C0</i> is the operating state.</li> <li><i>C1</i> (often known as <i>Halt</i>) is a state where the processor is not executing instructions, but can return to an executing state essentially instantaneously. All ACPI-conformant processors must support this power state. Some processors, such as the <a href="/wiki/Pentium_4" title="Pentium 4">Pentium 4</a> and <a href="/wiki/AMD_Athlon" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Athlon">AMD Athlon</a>, also support an Enhanced C1 state (<i>C1E</i> or Enhanced Halt State) for lower power consumption, however this proved to be buggy on some systems.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>C2</i> (often known as <i>Stop-Clock</i>) is a state where the processor maintains all software-visible state, but may take longer to wake up. This processor state is optional.</li> <li><i>C3</i> (often known as <i>Sleep</i>) is a state where the processor does not need to keep its <a href="/wiki/Cache_coherence" title="Cache coherence">cache coherent</a>, but maintains other state. Some processors have variations on the C3 state (Deep Sleep, Deeper Sleep, etc.) that differ in how long it takes to wake the processor. This processor state is optional.</li> <li><i>Additional states</i> are defined by manufacturers for some processors. For example, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)" title="Haswell (microarchitecture)">Haswell</a> platform has states up to <i>C10</i>, where it distinguishes <i>core</i> states and <i>package</i> states.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance_state">Performance state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Performance state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While a device or processor operates (D0 and C0, respectively), it can be in one of several <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_voltage_scaling" title="Dynamic voltage scaling">power-performance states</a>. These states are implementation-dependent. P0 is always the highest-performance state, with P1 to P<i>n</i> being successively lower-performance states. The total number of states is device or processor dependent, but can be no greater than 16.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>P-states have become known as <a href="/wiki/SpeedStep" title="SpeedStep">SpeedStep</a> in <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> processors, as <a href="/wiki/PowerNow!" title="PowerNow!">PowerNow!</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cool%27n%27Quiet" title="Cool'n'Quiet">Cool'n'Quiet</a> in <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices">AMD</a> processors, and as <a href="/wiki/PowerSaver" class="mw-redirect" title="PowerSaver">PowerSaver</a> in <a href="/wiki/VIA_Technologies" title="VIA Technologies">VIA</a> processors. </p> <ul><li><i>P0</i> maximum power and frequency</li> <li><i>P1</i> less than <i>P0</i>, voltage and frequency scaled</li> <li><i>P2</i> less than <i>P1</i>, voltage and frequency scaled<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Pn</i> less than <i>P(n–1)</i>, voltage and frequency scaled</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interfaces">Interfaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Interfaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hardware">Hardware</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ACPI-compliant systems interact with hardware through either a "Function Fixed Hardware (FFH) Interface", or a platform-independent hardware programming model which relies on platform-specific ACPI Machine Language (AML) provided by the <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">original equipment manufacturer</a> (OEM). </p><p>Function Fixed Hardware interfaces are platform-specific features, provided by platform manufacturers for the purposes of performance and failure recovery. Standard <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>-based <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_Compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC Compatible">PCs</a> have a fixed function interface defined by Intel,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which provides a set of core functionality that reduces an ACPI-compliant system's need for full driver stacks for providing basic functionality during boot time or in the case of major system failure. </p><p>ACPI Platform Error Interface (APEI) is a specification for reporting of hardware errors, e.g. chipset, RAM to the operating system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Firmware"><span class="anchor" id="DSDT"></span><span class="anchor" id="SSDT"></span><span class="anchor" id="SRAT"></span>Firmware</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Firmware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ACPI defines many tables that provide the interface between an ACPI-compliant <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> and system firmware (<a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a> or <a href="/wiki/UEFI" title="UEFI">UEFI</a>). This includes RSDP, RSDT, XSDT, FADT, FACS, DSDT, SSDT, MADT, and MCFG, for example.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tables allow description of system hardware in a platform-independent manner, and are presented as either fixed-formatted data structures or in AML. The main AML table is the DSDT (differentiated system description table). The AML can be decompiled by tools like Intel's iASL (open-source, part of ACPICA) for purposes like patching the tables for expanding OS compatibility.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Root System Description Pointer (RSDP) is located in a platform-dependent manner, and describes the rest of the tables. </p><p>A custom ACPI table called the Windows Platform Binary Table (WPBT) is used by Microsoft to allow vendors to add software into the Windows OS automatically. Some vendors, such as <a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a>, have been caught using this feature to install harmful software such as <a href="/wiki/Superfish" title="Superfish">Superfish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SecurityRisc_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SecurityRisc-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> shipped PCs with Windows Update disabled.<sup id="cite_ref-SecurityRisc_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SecurityRisc-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Windows versions older than Windows 7 do not support this feature, but alternative techniques can be used. This behavior has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Rootkit" title="Rootkit">rootkits</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2003, <a href="/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a>—author of the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>—described ACPI as "a complete design disaster in every way".<sup id="cite_ref-linux-mag-162_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linux-mag-162-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_State_Power_Management" title="Active State Power Management">Active State Power Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coreboot" title="Coreboot">Coreboot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_computing" title="Green computing">Green computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_management_keys" class="mw-redirect" title="Power management keys">Power management keys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Base_System_Architecture" title="Server Base System Architecture">Server Base System Architecture</a> (SBSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake-on-LAN" title="Wake-on-LAN">Wake-on-LAN</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGarrett2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Garrett" title="Matthew Garrett">Garrett, Matthew</a> (October 31, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/68350.html">"Why ACPI?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+ACPI%3F&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft.aulast=Garrett&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmjg59.dreamwidth.org%2F68350.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acpi.info/presentations/ACPI_Overview.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/Slide_show" title="Slide show">slide show</a> in PDF)</span> on May 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.acpi.info&rft.atitle=ACPI+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acpi.info%2Fpresentations%2FACPI_Overview.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206030045/http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/1/161ba512-40e2-4cc9-843a-923143f3456c/APMV12.rtf">"APM BIOS Specification"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Intel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Corporation">Intel Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Corporation">Microsoft Corporation</a>. February 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/1/161ba512-40e2-4cc9-843a-923143f3456c/APMV12.rtf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(RTF)</span> on February 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=APM+BIOS+Specification&rft.pub=Intel+Corporation%2C+Microsoft+Corporation&rft.date=1996-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdownload.microsoft.com%2Fdownload%2F1%2F6%2F1%2F161ba512-40e2-4cc9-843a-923143f3456c%2FAPMV12.rtf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://searchwindowsserver.techtarget.com/definition/ACPI-Advanced-Configuration-and-Power-Interface">"What is ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)? - Definition from WhatIs.com"</a>. <i>SearchWindowsServer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kernel.org&rft.atitle=ACPI+Device+Tree+-+Representation+of+ACPI+Namespace+%E2%80%94+The+Linux+Kernel+documentation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kernel.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Flatest%2Ffirmware-guide%2Facpi%2Fnamespace.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acpi-october-2013-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-acpi-october-2013_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622223107/http://www.acpi.info/">"The Advanced Configuration & Power Interface web page has a prominent note that links to the Preexisting ACPI Specifications page on the UEFI web site"</a>. <i>acpi.org</i>. July 23, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acpi.info/">the original</a> on June 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=acpi.org&rft.atitle=The+Advanced+Configuration+%26+Power+Interface+web+page+has+a+prominent+note+that+links+to+the+Preexisting+ACPI+Specifications+page+on+the+UEFI+web+site&rft.date=2014-07-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acpi.info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-revision-6.5-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-revision-6.5_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-revision-6.5_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/ACPI_Spec_6_5_Aug29.pdf">"Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification, Release 6.5"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>UEFI.org/specifications</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ATARE%3A+ACPI+Tables+and+Regular+Expressions&rft.date=2009-08&rft.au=Bernhard+Kauer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fos.inf.tu-dresden.de%2Fpapers_ps%2Ftr-atare-2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-freebsd-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-freebsd_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-freebsd_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix02/tech/freenix/full_papers/watanabe/watanabe.ps">ACPI implementation on FreeBSD - Usenix</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ols2005-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ols2005_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/ols/2005/ols2005v1-pages-59-76.pdf">ACPI in Linux</a>, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acpica.org/">ACPICA: ACPI Component Architecture</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcanoae.com/wp-content/uploads/wiki/ReadMe-ACPI.txt">"Readme for the ACPI Driver Package"</a>. <i>arcanoae.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Standard&rft.atitle=Microsoft+wollte+ACPI+nur+f%C3%BCr+Windows&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.derstandard.at%2Fstory%2F2843846%2Fmicrosoft-wollte-acpi-nur-fuer-windows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.golem.de/0704/51686.html">"Microsoft: ACPI sollte nur unter Windows funktionieren"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Golem.de" class="mw-redirect" title="Golem.de">Golem.de</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=acpi.info&rft.atitle=Advanced+Configuration+and+Power+Interface+Specification+%28Revision+5.0%29&rft.date=2011-12-06&rft.au=Hewlett-Packard&rft.au=Intel+Corporation&rft.au=Microsoft&rft.au=Phoenix+Technologies&rft.au=Toshiba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facpi.info%2FDOWNLOADS%2FACPIspec50.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/ACPI_5_1release.pdf">"Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification (Revision 5.1)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>uefi.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limitations+When+Using+Microsoft+Windows+98+on+Compaq+Armada+Portables&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=physik.hu-berlin.de&rft.date=1998-10&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.physik.hu-berlin.de%2Fpub%2Fdriver%2Fgrafik%2Farmada1120%2FRMF98%2FDISK1%2FWINDOW~1.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203005405/http://support.lenovo.com/en_US/guides-and-manuals/detail.page?&LegacyDocID=LWIK-3VJLL8">"Windows 98 on ThinkPad systems - ThinkPad General"</a>. Support.lenovo.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.lenovo.com/en_US/guides-and-manuals/detail.page?&LegacyDocID=LWIK-3VJLL8">the original</a> on February 3, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Windows+98+on+ThinkPad+systems+-+ThinkPad+General&rft.pub=Support.lenovo.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupport.lenovo.com%2Fen_US%2Fguides-and-manuals%2Fdetail.page%3F%26LegacyDocID%3DLWIK-3VJLL8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CowartKnittel2000-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CowartKnittel2000_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobert_CowartBrian_Knittel2000" class="citation book cs1">Robert Cowart; Brian Knittel (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/usingmicrosoftwi00cowa"><i>Using Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional</i></a></span>. Que Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/usingmicrosoftwi00cowa/page/30">30</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7897-2125-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7897-2125-9"><bdi>978-0-7897-2125-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Using+Microsoft+Windows+2000+Professional&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Que+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7897-2125-9&rft.au=Robert+Cowart&rft.au=Brian+Knittel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fusingmicrosoftwi00cowa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/189091">Windows 98 Does Not Support ACPI Passive Cooling Mode</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991013055230/http://winmag.com/library/1998/1201/cov0066.htm">"Cover Story: Win98 Bugs & Fixes - December 1998"</a>. <i>winmag.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acpi.sys%3A+The+Windows+ACPI+Driver&rft.pub=Microsoft+Corporation&rft.date=2017-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fwindows-hardware%2Fdrivers%2Fkernel%2Facpi-driver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ols2004-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ols2004_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ols2004_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/ols/2004/ols2004v1-pages-121-132.pdf">The State of ACPI in the Linux Kernel</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/ff540487(v=vs.85).aspx">ACPI BIOS</a>. <i>msdn.microsoft.com</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSieverWeberFigginsLove2005" class="citation book cs1">Siever, Ellen; Weber, Aaron; Figgins, Stephen; Love, Robert; Robbins, Arnold (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/773210086"><i>Linux in a nutshell</i></a> (5th ed.). 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March 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=software.intel.com&rft.atitle=S0ix+States&rft.date=2020-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsoftware.intel.com%2Fen-us%2Fenergy-analysis-user-guide-s0ix-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWang2018" class="citation web cs1">Wang, Wendy (October 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://01.org/blogs/qwang59/2018/how-achieve-s0ix-states-linux">"How to achieve S0ix states in Linux*"</a>. <i>01.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=01.org&rft.atitle=How+to+achieve+S0ix+states+in+Linux%2A&rft.date=2018-10-17&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F01.org%2Fblogs%2Fqwang59%2F2018%2Fhow-achieve-s0ix-states-linux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/energy-analysis-user-guide-d0ix-states">"D0ix States"</a>. <i>software.intel.com</i>. March 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=software.intel.com&rft.atitle=D0ix+States&rft.date=2020-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsoftware.intel.com%2Fen-us%2Fenergy-analysis-user-guide-d0ix-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anandtech.com/show/2775/2">"Athlon II X2: Hardware C1E and Return of the CnQ Bug"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AnandTech" title="AnandTech">AnandTech</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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June 9, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Processor+Package+and+Core+C-States&rft.pub=AnandTech&rft.date=2013-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.anandtech.com%2Freviews%2Fcpu%2Fintel%2FHaswell%2FULT%2Fc10.png&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151128143452/http://www.acpi.info/DOWNLOADS/ACPIspec30.pdf">"Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification, Revision 3.0, Section 2.6 Device and Processor Performance State Definitions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ACPI.info</i>. September 2, 2004. p. 23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acpi.info/DOWNLOADS/ACPIspec30.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 28, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ACPI.info&rft.atitle=Advanced+Configuration+and+Power+Interface+Specification%2C+Revision+3.0%2C+Section+2.6+Device+and+Processor+Performance+State+Definitions&rft.pages=23&rft.date=2004-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acpi.info%2FDOWNLOADS%2FACPIspec30.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Link_aggregation" title="Link aggregation">Link aggregation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIntel_Corporation2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Intel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Corporation">Intel Corporation</a> (September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121225022426/http://download.intel.com/technology/IAPC/acpi/downloads/30222305.pdf">"Intel Processor Vendor-Specific ACPI"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://download.intel.com/technology/iapc/acpi/downloads/30222305.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intel+Processor+Vendor-Specific+ACPI&rft.date=2006-09&rft.au=Intel+Corporation&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fdownload.intel.com%2Ftechnology%2Fiapc%2Facpi%2Fdownloads%2F30222305.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown2005" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Len (July 20, 2005). "ACPI in Linux". <i>Ottawa Linux Symposium</i>: 3. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.173.2206">10.1.1.173.2206</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Linux+Symposium&rft.atitle=ACPI+in+Linux&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2005-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.173.2206%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Len&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020091509/https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/arm64/acpi_object_usage.html">"ACPI Tables — The Linux Kernel documentation"</a>. <i>www.kernel.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/arm64/acpi_object_usage.html">the original</a> on October 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kernel.org&rft.atitle=ACPI+Tables+%E2%80%94+The+Linux+Kernel+documentation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kernel.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Flatest%2Farm64%2Facpi_object_usage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/DSDT">"DSDT"</a>. <i>ArchWiki</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArchWiki&rft.atitle=DSDT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.archlinux.org%2Findex.php%2FDSDT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://khronokernel.github.io/Getting-Started-With-ACPI/">"Getting Started With ACPI"</a>. <i>GitBook</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitBook&rft.atitle=Getting+Started+With+ACPI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkhronokernel.github.io%2FGetting-Started-With-ACPI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SecurityRisc-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SecurityRisc_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SecurityRisc_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2015" class="citation web cs1">Hoffman, Chris (August 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.howtogeek.com/226308/the-windows-platform-binary-table-why-crapware-can-come-back-after-a-clean-install/">"Zombie Crapware: How the Windows Platform Binary Table Works"</a>. <i>How-To Geek</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=How-To+Geek&rft.atitle=Zombie+Crapware%3A+How+the+Windows+Platform+Binary+Table+Works&rft.date=2015-08-19&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.howtogeek.com%2F226308%2Fthe-windows-platform-binary-table-why-crapware-can-come-back-after-a-clean-install%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://borncity.com/win/2017/12/06/vendors-rootkit-windows-platform-binary-table-wpbt/">"Vendors 'rootkit': 'Windows Platform Binary Table' (WPBT)"</a>. <i>Born's Tech and Windows World</i>. December 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Born%27s+Tech+and+Windows+World&rft.atitle=Vendors+%27rootkit%27%3A+%27Windows+Platform+Binary+Table%27+%28WPBT%29&rft.date=2017-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fborncity.com%2Fwin%2F2017%2F12%2F06%2Fvendors-rootkit-windows-platform-binary-table-wpbt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMayank_Sharma2021" class="citation web cs1">Mayank Sharma (September 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techradar.com/news/nasty-security-vulnerability-exposes-millions-of-windows-10-pcs">"Millions of Windows 10 PCs exposed by nasty security vulnerability"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TechRadar" title="TechRadar">TechRadar</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechRadar&rft.atitle=Millions+of+Windows+10+PCs+exposed+by+nasty+security+vulnerability&rft.date=2021-09-27&rft.au=Mayank+Sharma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techradar.com%2Fnews%2Fnasty-security-vulnerability-exposes-millions-of-windows-10-pcs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-linux-mag-162-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-linux-mag-162_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Linux Magazine issue 162, May 2014, page 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSearls2003" class="citation web cs1">Searls, Doc (November 25, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7279">"Linus & the Lunatics, Part II"</a>. Linux Journal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linus+%26+the+Lunatics%2C+Part+II&rft.pub=Linux+Journal&rft.date=2003-11-25&rft.aulast=Searls&rft.aufirst=Doc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxjournal.com%2Farticle%2F7279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AACPI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPI&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uefi.org/specifications">Official website</a></span></span> (UEFI and ACPI specifications)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-cpu-c-states-power-saving-modes/">Everything You Need to Know About the CPU C-States Power Saving Modes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtualbox.org/svn/vbox/trunk/src/VBox/Devices/EFI/Firmware/OvmfPkg/AcpiTables/">Sample EFI ASL code</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412142524/http://www.virtualbox.org/svn/vbox/trunk/src/VBox/Devices/EFI/Firmware/OvmfPkg/AcpiTables/">Archived</a> April 12, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> used by <a href="/wiki/VirtualBox" title="VirtualBox">VirtualBox</a>; EFI/ASL code itself is from the open source Intel EFI Development Kit II (<a href="/wiki/Tianocore#Intel_EFI" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianocore">TianoCore</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acpica.org">ACPICA</a></li></ul> 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title="Booting">booting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Booting_process_of_Windows" title="Booting process of Windows">Windows</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_9x#Boot_sequence" title="Architecture of Windows 9x">9x</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Booting_process_of_Windows_NT" class="mw-redirect" title="Booting process of Windows NT">NT</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Booting_process_of_Linux" title="Booting process of Linux">Linux</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Booting_process_of_Android_devices" title="Booting process of Android devices">Android</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WD_Blue_WD5000LPVX_-_controller_-_Winbond_25X20CLVIG-0182.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/WD_Blue_WD5000LPVX_-_controller_-_Winbond_25X20CLVIG-0182.jpg/100px-WD_Blue_WD5000LPVX_-_controller_-_Winbond_25X20CLVIG-0182.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/WD_Blue_WD5000LPVX_-_controller_-_Winbond_25X20CLVIG-0182.jpg/150px-WD_Blue_WD5000LPVX_-_controller_-_Winbond_25X20CLVIG-0182.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/WD_Blue_WD5000LPVX_-_controller_-_Winbond_25X20CLVIG-0182.jpg/200px-WD_Blue_WD5000LPVX_-_controller_-_Winbond_25X20CLVIG-0182.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1535" data-file-height="1535" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Booting <a href="/wiki/Firmware#Computers" title="Firmware">firmware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_firmware" title="Proprietary firmware">Proprietary firmware</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open-source_firmware" title="Open-source firmware">Open-source firmware</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Custom_firmware" title="Custom firmware">Custom firmware</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/UEFI" title="UEFI">UEFI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Video_BIOS" title="Video BIOS">Video BIOS</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_Firmware" title="Open Firmware">Open Firmware</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ACPI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MultiProcessor_Specification" title="MultiProcessor Specification">MultiProcessor Specification</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Power_Management" title="Advanced Power Management">APM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Plug_and_Play" title="Legacy Plug and Play">Legacy Plug and Play</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ARC_(specification)" title="ARC (specification)">AlphaBIOS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SRM_firmware" title="SRM firmware">SRM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simple_Firmware_Interface" title="Simple Firmware Interface">SFI</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SeaBIOS" title="SeaBIOS">SeaBIOS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Award_Software" title="Award Software">Award BIOS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Megatrends" title="American Megatrends">American Megatrends</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AMIBIOS" class="mw-redirect" title="AMIBIOS">AMIBIOS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AMI_Aptio" class="mw-redirect" title="AMI Aptio">AMI Aptio</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Insyde_Software" title="Insyde Software">InsydeH2O</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Technologies" title="Phoenix Technologies">Phoenix SecureCore UEFI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/TianoCore_EDK_II" title="TianoCore EDK II">TianoCore EDK II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/OpenBIOS" title="OpenBIOS">OpenBIOS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coreboot" title="Coreboot">Coreboot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Libreboot" title="Libreboot">Libreboot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LinuxBoot" title="LinuxBoot">LinuxBoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kickstart_(Amiga)" title="Kickstart (Amiga)">Kickstart</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Run-Time_Abstraction_Services" title="Run-Time Abstraction Services">Run-Time Abstraction Services</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hybrid firmware bootloader</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Common_Firmware_Environment" title="Common Firmware Environment">Common Firmware Environment</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Das_U-Boot" title="Das U-Boot">Das U-Boot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ARCS_(computing)" title="ARCS (computing)">ARCS</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bootloaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Bootloaders">Bootloaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bootloader_unlocking" title="Bootloader unlocking">Bootloader unlocking</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_bootloaders" title="Comparison of bootloaders">Comparison of bootloaders</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Implementations15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Acronis_OS_Selector" class="mw-redirect" title="Acronis OS Selector">Acronis OS Selector</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barebox" title="Barebox">Barebox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BootManager" class="mw-redirect" title="BootManager">BootManager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BootX_(Apple)" title="BootX (Apple)">BootX (Apple)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BootX_(Linux)" title="BootX (Linux)">BootX (Linux)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/GNU_GRUB" title="GNU GRUB">GNU GRUB</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IBoot" title="IBoot">iBoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Systemd-boot" title="Systemd-boot">systemd-boot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Limine_(bootloader)" title="Limine (bootloader)">Limine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Loadlin" title="Loadlin">loadlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MILO_(bootloader)" title="MILO (bootloader)">MILO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NTLDR" title="NTLDR">NTLDR</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/OpeniBoot" title="OpeniBoot">OpeniBoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Plop_Boot_Manager" title="Plop Boot Manager">Plop Boot Manager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RedBoot" title="RedBoot">RedBoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/REFInd" title="REFInd">rEFInd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/REFIt" title="REFIt">rEFIt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SYSLINUX" title="SYSLINUX">SYSLINUX</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Boot_Manager" title="Windows Boot Manager">Windows Boot Manager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XOSL" title="XOSL">xOSL</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yaboot" title="Yaboot">Yaboot</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partition layouts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table" title="GUID Partition Table">GUID Partition Table</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Master_boot_record" title="Master boot record">Master boot record</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Partition_Map" title="Apple Partition Map">Apple Partition Map</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/System_partition_and_boot_partition" title="System partition and boot partition">Partitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/EFI_system_partition" title="EFI system partition">EFI system partition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BIOS_boot_partition" title="BIOS boot partition">BIOS boot partition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki//boot/" class="mw-redirect" title="/boot/">/boot/</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flashrom_(utility)" title="Flashrom (utility)">flashrom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fwupd" title="Fwupd">fwupd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/UEFITool" title="UEFITool">UEFITool</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odin_(firmware_flashing_software)" title="Odin (firmware flashing software)">Odin</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odin_(firmware_flashing_software)#Heimdall" title="Odin (firmware flashing software)">Heimdall</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bus_Pirate" title="Bus Pirate">Bus Pirate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raspberry_Pi" title="Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/FTDI" title="FTDI">ft2232</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_booting" title="Network booting">Network boot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Preboot_Execution_Environment" title="Preboot Execution Environment">Preboot Execution Environment</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/GPXE" title="GPXE">gPXE</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPXE" title="IPXE">iPXE</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NetBoot" title="NetBoot">NetBoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Remote_Initial_Program_Load" title="Remote Initial Program Load">Remote Initial Program Load</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wake-on-LAN" title="Wake-on-LAN">Wake-on-LAN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wake-on-ring" title="Wake-on-ring">Wake-on-ring</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ROM variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Programmable_ROM" title="Programmable ROM">PROM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROM</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boot_ROM" title="Boot ROM">Boot ROM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ROM_hacking" title="ROM hacking">ROM hacking</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ROM_image" title="ROM image">ROM image</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Execute_in_place" title="Execute in place">Execute in place</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devicetree" title="Devicetree">Devicetree</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fastboot" title="Fastboot">Fastboot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Instant-on" title="Instant-on">Instant-on</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Power-on_self-test" title="Power-on self-test">Power-on self-test</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm_EDL_mode" title="Qualcomm EDL mode">EDL mode</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Computer_processor_power_management_technologies103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Computer_processor_power_management_technologies" title="Template:Computer processor power management technologies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Computer_processor_power_management_technologies" title="Template talk:Computer processor power management technologies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Computer_processor_power_management_technologies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Computer processor power management technologies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Computer_processor_power_management_technologies103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Power_management" title="Power management">Computer processor power management technologies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface">Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Power_Management" title="Advanced Power Management">Advanced Power Management (APM)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_frequency_scaling" title="Dynamic frequency scaling">Dynamic frequency scaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_voltage_scaling" title="Dynamic voltage scaling">Dynamic voltage scaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock_gating" title="Clock gating">Clock gating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overclocking" title="Overclocking">Overclocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underclocking" title="Underclocking">Underclocking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Power Saving</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cool%27n%27Quiet" title="Cool'n'Quiet">AMD Cool'n'Quiet</a> (desktop)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerNow!" title="PowerNow!">AMD PowerNow!</a> (laptop)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpeedStep" title="SpeedStep">Intel SpeedStep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LongRun" title="LongRun">Transmeta LongRun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LongHaul" title="LongHaul">VIA LongHaul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Turbo_Boost" title="Intel Turbo Boost">Intel Turbo Boost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Turbo_Core" title="AMD Turbo Core">AMD Turbo Core</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_PowerPlay" title="AMD PowerPlay">AMD PowerPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_PowerTune" title="AMD PowerTune">AMD PowerTune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Processor_technologies439" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Processor_technologies" title="Template:Processor technologies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Processor_technologies" title="Template talk:Processor technologies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Processor_technologies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Processor technologies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Processor_technologies439" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Processor_(computing)" title="Processor (computing)">Processor technologies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Model_of_computation" title="Model of computation">Models</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_machine" title="Abstract machine">Abstract machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stored-program_computer" title="Stored-program computer">Stored-program computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finite-state_machine" title="Finite-state machine">Finite-state machine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finite-state_machine_with_datapath" class="mw-redirect" title="Finite-state machine with datapath">with datapath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_state_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hierarchical state machine">Hierarchical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterministic_finite_automaton" title="Deterministic finite automaton">Deterministic finite automaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queue_automaton" title="Queue automaton">Queue automaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_automaton" title="Cellular automaton">Cellular automaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_cellular_automaton" title="Quantum cellular automaton">Quantum cellular automaton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turing_machine" title="Turing machine">Turing machine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternating_Turing_machine" title="Alternating Turing machine">Alternating Turing machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Turing_machine" title="Universal Turing machine">Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93Turing_machine" title="Post–Turing machine">Post–Turing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Turing_machine" title="Quantum Turing machine">Quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondeterministic_Turing_machine" title="Nondeterministic Turing machine">Nondeterministic Turing machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probabilistic_Turing_machine" title="Probabilistic Turing machine">Probabilistic Turing machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercomputation" title="Hypercomputation">Hypercomputation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_machine" title="Zeno machine">Zeno machine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_general-purpose_CPUs#Belt_machine_architecture" title="History of general-purpose CPUs">Belt machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stack_machine" title="Stack machine">Stack machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Register_machine" title="Register machine">Register machines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter_machine" title="Counter machine">Counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointer_machine" title="Pointer machine">Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random-access_machine" title="Random-access machine">Random-access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random-access_stored-program_machine" title="Random-access stored-program machine">Random-access stored program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_architecture" title="Computer architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microarchitecture" title="Microarchitecture">Microarchitecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture" title="Von Neumann architecture">Von Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_architecture" title="Harvard architecture">Harvard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modified_Harvard_architecture" title="Modified Harvard architecture">modified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dataflow_architecture" title="Dataflow architecture">Dataflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_triggered_architecture" title="Transport triggered architecture">Transport-triggered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_architecture" title="Cellular architecture">Cellular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endianness" title="Endianness">Endianness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">Memory access</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-uniform_memory_access" title="Non-uniform memory access">NUMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_memory_access" title="Uniform memory access">HUMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Load%E2%80%93store_architecture" title="Load–store architecture">Load–store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Register%E2%80%93memory_architecture" title="Register–memory architecture">Register/memory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cache_hierarchy" title="Cache hierarchy">Cache hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_hierarchy" title="Memory hierarchy">Memory hierarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">Virtual memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary storage">Secondary storage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterogeneous_System_Architecture" title="Heterogeneous System Architecture">Heterogeneous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabric_computing" title="Fabric computing">Fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiprocessing" title="Multiprocessing">Multiprocessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_computing" title="Cognitive computing">Cognitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuromorphic_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuromorphic engineering">Neuromorphic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture" title="Instruction set architecture">Instruction set<br />architectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_instruction_set" title="Orthogonal instruction set">Orthogonal instruction set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_instruction_set_computer" title="Complex instruction set computer">CISC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">RISC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application-specific_instruction_set_processor" title="Application-specific instruction set processor">Application-specific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explicit_data_graph_execution" title="Explicit data graph execution">EDGE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TRIPS_architecture" title="TRIPS architecture">TRIPS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very_long_instruction_word" title="Very long instruction word">VLIW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Explicitly_parallel_instruction_computing" title="Explicitly parallel instruction computing">EPIC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_instruction_set_computer" title="Minimal instruction set computer">MISC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-instruction_set_computer" title="One-instruction set computer">OISC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_instruction_set_computing" title="No instruction set computing">NISC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_instruction_set_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Zero instruction set computer">ZISC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VISC_architecture" title="VISC architecture">VISC architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_computing" title="Quantum computing">Quantum computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_instruction_set_architectures" title="Comparison of instruction set architectures">Comparison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addressing_mode" title="Addressing mode">Addressing modes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruction<br />sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000_series" title="Motorola 68000 series">Motorola 68000 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAX" title="VAX">VAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDP-11_architecture" title="PDP-11 architecture">PDP-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture_family" title="ARM architecture family">ARM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_MIPS" title="Stanford MIPS">Stanford MIPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIPS-X" title="MIPS-X">MIPS-X</a></li> <li>Power <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_POWER_architecture" title="IBM POWER architecture">POWER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_ISA" title="Power ISA">Power ISA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipper_architecture" title="Clipper architecture">Clipper architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARC" title="SPARC">SPARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuperH" title="SuperH">SuperH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Alpha" title="DEC Alpha">DEC Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETRAX_CRIS" title="ETRAX CRIS">ETRAX CRIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M32R" title="M32R">M32R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicore" title="Unicore">Unicore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IA-64" title="IA-64">Itanium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRISC" title="OpenRISC">OpenRISC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISC-V" title="RISC-V">RISC-V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroBlaze" title="MicroBlaze">MicroBlaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_man_computer" title="Little man computer">LMC</a></li> <li>System/3x0 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_System/360_architecture" title="IBM System/360 architecture">S/360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_System/370" title="IBM System/370">S/370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_System/390" title="IBM System/390">S/390</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z/Architecture" title="Z/Architecture">z/Architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tilera ISA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VISC_architecture" title="VISC architecture">VISC architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adapteva#Products" class="mw-redirect" title="Adapteva">Epiphany architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_instruction_set_architectures" title="Comparison of instruction set architectures">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Instruction_cycle" title="Instruction cycle">Execution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Instruction_pipelining" title="Instruction pipelining">Instruction pipelining</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pipeline_stall" title="Pipeline stall">Pipeline stall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operand_forwarding" title="Operand forwarding">Operand forwarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_RISC_pipeline" title="Classic RISC pipeline">Classic RISC pipeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hazard_(computer_architecture)" title="Hazard (computer architecture)">Hazards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data_dependency" title="Data dependency">Data dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural hazard">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Control hazard">Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_sharing" title="False sharing">False sharing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Out-of-order_execution" title="Out-of-order execution">Out-of-order</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scoreboarding" title="Scoreboarding">Scoreboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomasulo%27s_algorithm" title="Tomasulo's algorithm">Tomasulo's algorithm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reservation_station" title="Reservation station">Reservation station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re-order_buffer" title="Re-order buffer">Re-order buffer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Register_renaming" title="Register renaming">Register renaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-issue" title="Wide-issue">Wide-issue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speculative_execution" title="Speculative execution">Speculative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Branch_predictor" title="Branch predictor">Branch prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_dependence_prediction" title="Memory dependence prediction">Memory dependence prediction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">Parallelism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bit-level_parallelism" title="Bit-level parallelism">Bit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bit-serial_architecture" title="Bit-serial architecture">Bit-serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)" title="Word (computer architecture)">Word</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instruction-level_parallelism" title="Instruction-level parallelism">Instruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instruction_pipelining" title="Instruction pipelining">Pipelining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scalar_processor" title="Scalar processor">Scalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superscalar_processor" title="Superscalar processor">Superscalar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_parallelism" title="Task parallelism">Task</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thread_(computing)" title="Thread (computing)">Thread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">Process</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_parallelism" title="Data parallelism">Data</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vector_processor" title="Vector processor">Vector</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory-level_parallelism" title="Memory-level parallelism">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed architecture">Distributed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multithreading_(computer_architecture)" title="Multithreading (computer architecture)">Multithreading</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_multithreading" title="Temporal multithreading">Temporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_multithreading" title="Simultaneous multithreading">Simultaneous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyper-threading" title="Hyper-threading">Hyperthreading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_and_heterogeneous_multithreading" title="Simultaneous and heterogeneous multithreading">Simultaneous and heterogenous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_multithreading" title="Speculative multithreading">Speculative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preemption_(computing)" title="Preemption (computing)">Preemptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_multitasking" title="Cooperative multitasking">Cooperative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flynn%27s_taxonomy" title="Flynn's taxonomy">Flynn's taxonomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_instruction,_single_data" title="Single instruction, single data">SISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_instruction,_multiple_data" title="Single instruction, multiple data">SIMD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_instruction,_multiple_threads" title="Single instruction, multiple threads">Array processing (SIMT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flynn%27s_taxonomy#Pipelined_processor" title="Flynn's taxonomy">Pipelined processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flynn%27s_taxonomy#Associative_processor" title="Flynn's taxonomy">Associative processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWAR" title="SWAR">SWAR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_instruction,_single_data" title="Multiple instruction, single data">MISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_instruction,_multiple_data" title="Multiple instruction, multiple data">MIMD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_program,_multiple_data" title="Single program, multiple data">SPMD</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_performance" title="Computer performance">Processor<br />performance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transistor_count" title="Transistor count">Transistor count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instructions_per_cycle" title="Instructions per cycle">Instructions per cycle</a> (IPC) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycles_per_instruction" title="Cycles per instruction">Cycles per instruction</a> (CPI)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instructions_per_second" title="Instructions per second">Instructions per second</a> (IPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="FLOPS">Floating-point operations per second</a> (FLOPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transactions_per_second" title="Transactions per second">Transactions per second</a> (TPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUPS" title="SUPS">Synaptic updates per second</a> (SUPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_per_watt" title="Performance per watt">Performance per watt</a> (PPW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cache_performance_measurement_and_metric" title="Cache performance measurement and metric">Cache performance metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_performance_by_orders_of_magnitude" title="Computer performance by orders of magnitude">Computer performance by orders of magnitude</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Processor_(computing)" title="Processor (computing)">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">Central processing unit</a> (CPU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit" title="Graphics processing unit">Graphics processing unit</a> (GPU) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General-purpose_computing_on_graphics_processing_units" title="General-purpose computing on graphics processing units">GPGPU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_processor" title="Vector processor">Vector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_processor" title="Barrel processor">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_processing" title="Stream processing">Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tile_processor" title="Tile processor">Tile processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coprocessor" title="Coprocessor">Coprocessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_Array_Logic" title="Programmable Array Logic">PAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application-specific_integrated_circuit" title="Application-specific integrated circuit">ASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array" title="Field-programmable gate array">FPGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field-programmable_object_array" title="Field-programmable object array">FPOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_programmable_logic_device" title="Complex programmable logic device">CPLD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-chip_module" title="Multi-chip module">Multi-chip module</a> (MCM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_in_a_package" title="System in a package">System in a package</a> (SiP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_on_a_package" title="Package on a package">Package on a package</a> (PoP)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By application</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">Embedded system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">Microprocessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">Microcontroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_processor" title="Mobile processor">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-low-voltage_processor" title="Ultra-low-voltage processor">Ultra-low-voltage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application-specific_instruction_set_processor" title="Application-specific instruction set processor">ASIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_microprocessor" title="Soft microprocessor">Soft microprocessor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems<br />on chip</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/System_on_a_chip" title="System on a chip">System on a chip</a> (SoC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiprocessor_system_on_a_chip" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiprocessor system on a chip">Multiprocessor</a> (MPSoC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_PSoC" title="Cypress PSoC">Cypress PSoC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_on_a_chip" title="Network on a chip">Network on a chip</a> (NoC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hardware_acceleration" title="Hardware acceleration">Hardware<br />accelerators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coprocessor" title="Coprocessor">Coprocessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AI_accelerator" class="mw-redirect" title="AI accelerator">AI accelerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit" title="Graphics processing unit">Graphics processing unit</a> (GPU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_processor" title="Image processor">Image processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_processing_unit" title="Vision processing unit">Vision processing unit</a> (VPU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physics_processing_unit" title="Physics processing unit">Physics processing unit</a> (PPU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_processor" title="Digital signal processor">Digital signal processor</a> (DSP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensor_Processing_Unit" title="Tensor Processing Unit">Tensor Processing Unit</a> (TPU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_cryptoprocessor" title="Secure cryptoprocessor">Secure cryptoprocessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_processor" title="Network processor">Network processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseband_processor" title="Baseband processor">Baseband processor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)" title="Word (computer architecture)">Word size</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1-bit_computing" title="1-bit computing">1-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-bit_computing" title="4-bit computing">4-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-bit_computing" title="8-bit computing">8-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-bit_computing" title="12-bit computing">12-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Guidance_Computer" title="Apollo Guidance Computer">15-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24-bit_computing" title="24-bit computing">24-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48-bit_computing" title="48-bit computing">48-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/128-bit_computing" title="128-bit computing">128-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/256-bit_computing" title="256-bit computing">256-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/512-bit_computing" title="512-bit computing">512-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_slicing" title="Bit slicing">bit slicing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)#Table_of_word_sizes" title="Word (computer architecture)">others</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)#Variable-word_architectures" title="Word (computer architecture)">variable</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core count</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-core" title="Single-core">Single-core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-core_processor" title="Multi-core processor">Multi-core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manycore_processor" title="Manycore processor">Manycore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterogeneous_computing" title="Heterogeneous computing">Heterogeneous architecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cache_(computing)" title="Cache (computing)">Cache</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CPU_cache" title="CPU cache">CPU cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratchpad_memory" title="Scratchpad memory">Scratchpad memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_cache" class="mw-redirect" title="Data cache">Data cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instruction_cache" class="mw-redirect" title="Instruction cache">Instruction cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cache_replacement_policies" title="Cache replacement policies">replacement policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cache_coherence" title="Cache coherence">coherence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock_rate" title="Clock rate">Clock rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock_signal" title="Clock signal">Clock signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIFO_(computing_and_electronics)" title="FIFO (computing and electronics)">FIFO</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Execution_unit" title="Execution unit">Functional<br />units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arithmetic_logic_unit" title="Arithmetic logic unit">Arithmetic logic unit</a> (ALU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Address_generation_unit" title="Address generation unit">Address generation unit</a> (AGU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating-point_unit" title="Floating-point unit">Floating-point unit</a> (FPU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_management_unit" title="Memory management unit">Memory management unit</a> (MMU) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Load%E2%80%93store_unit" title="Load–store unit">Load–store unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation_lookaside_buffer" title="Translation lookaside buffer">Translation lookaside buffer</a> (TLB)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_predictor" title="Branch predictor">Branch predictor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_target_predictor" title="Branch target predictor">Branch target predictor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_controller" title="Memory controller">Integrated memory controller</a> (IMC) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memory_management_unit" title="Memory management unit">Memory management unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instruction_decoder" class="mw-redirect" title="Instruction decoder">Instruction decoder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Logic_gate" title="Logic gate">Logic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combinational_logic" title="Combinational logic">Combinational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequential_logic" title="Sequential logic">Sequential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glue_logic" title="Glue logic">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_gate" title="Logic gate">Logic gate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_logic_gate" title="Quantum logic gate">Quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_array" title="Gate array">Array</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hardware_register" title="Hardware register">Registers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Processor_register" title="Processor register">Processor register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_register" title="Status register">Status register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stack_register" title="Stack register">Stack register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Register_file" title="Register file">Register file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_buffer_register" title="Memory buffer register">Memory buffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_address_register" title="Memory address register">Memory address register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_counter" title="Program counter">Program counter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_unit" title="Control unit">Control unit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardwired_control_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardwired control unit">Hardwired control unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instruction_unit" title="Instruction unit">Instruction unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_buffer" title="Data buffer">Data buffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_buffer" title="Write buffer">Write buffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcode" title="Microcode">Microcode</a> <a href="/wiki/ROM_image" title="ROM image">ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_(digital)" title="Counter (digital)">Counter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Datapath" title="Datapath">Datapath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexer" title="Multiplexer">Multiplexer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demultiplexer" class="mw-redirect" title="Demultiplexer">Demultiplexer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adder_(electronics)" title="Adder (electronics)">Adder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_multiplier" title="Binary multiplier">Multiplier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CPU_multiplier" title="CPU multiplier">CPU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_decoder" title="Binary decoder">Binary decoder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Address_decoder" title="Address decoder">Address decoder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sum-addressed_decoder" title="Sum-addressed decoder">Sum-addressed decoder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_shifter" title="Barrel shifter">Barrel shifter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_circuit" title="Electronic circuit">Circuitry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">Integrated circuit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_integrated_circuit" title="Three-dimensional integrated circuit">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-signal_integrated_circuit" title="Mixed-signal integrated circuit">Mixed-signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_management_integrated_circuit" title="Power management integrated circuit">Power management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boolean_circuit" title="Boolean circuit">Boolean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_(computer_science)" title="Circuit (computer science)">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_electronics" title="Analogue electronics">Analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_circuit" title="Quantum circuit">Quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch#Electronic_switches" title="Switch">Switch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Power_management" title="Power management">Power<br />management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Management_Unit" title="Power Management Unit">PMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Power_Management" title="Advanced Power Management">APM</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ACPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_frequency_scaling" title="Dynamic frequency scaling">Dynamic frequency scaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_voltage_scaling" title="Dynamic voltage scaling">Dynamic voltage scaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock_gating" title="Clock gating">Clock gating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_per_watt" title="Performance per watt">Performance per watt</a> (PPW)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_general-purpose_CPUs" title="History of general-purpose CPUs">History of general-purpose CPUs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microprocessor_chronology" title="Microprocessor chronology">Microprocessor chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processor_design" title="Processor design">Processor design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_electronics" title="Digital electronics">Digital electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_security_module" title="Hardware security module">Hardware security module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabrication" title="Semiconductor device fabrication">Semiconductor device fabrication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tick%E2%80%93tock_model" title="Tick–tock model">Tick–tock model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_grid_array" title="Pin grid array">Pin grid array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chip_carrier" title="Chip carrier">Chip carrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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