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id="toc-Use_and_certification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Type_of_climbing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Type_of_climbing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Type of climbing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Type_of_climbing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Certification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Certification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Certification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Certification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ropes_and_slings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ropes_and_slings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ropes and slings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ropes_and_slings-sublist" 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class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Cords</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rope_connectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rope_connectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rope connectors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rope_connectors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rope connectors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rope_connectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Carabiners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carabiners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Carabiners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carabiners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harnesses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harnesses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Harnesses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harnesses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lanyards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lanyards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Lanyards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lanyards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personal_anchor_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_anchor_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Personal anchor systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_anchor_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quickdraws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quickdraws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Quickdraws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quickdraws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rope_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rope_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rope devices</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rope_devices-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rope devices subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rope_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ascenders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ascenders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ascenders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ascenders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belay_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belay_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Belay devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belay_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descenders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descenders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Descenders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descenders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Self-locking_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-locking_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Self-locking devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-locking_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protection_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Protection devices</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Protection_devices-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Protection devices subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Protection_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Temporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Temporary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Active" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Active</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Active-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Passive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Passive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Passive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fixed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fixed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Fixed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fixed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aid_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aid_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Aid equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aid_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clothing_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clothing_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Clothing equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clothing_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Miscellaneous equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Training equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manufacturers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Manufacturers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a featured list. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Descender_(climbing)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Descender (climbing)">Descender (climbing)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">List of manmade gear</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Climbing_equipment" title="Climbing equipment">Climbing equipment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms" title="Glossary of climbing terms">Glossary of climbing terms</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Climber_with_equipment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Climber carrying their rock climbing equipment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Climber_with_equipment.jpg/220px-Climber_with_equipment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Climber_with_equipment.jpg/330px-Climber_with_equipment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Climber_with_equipment.jpg/440px-Climber_with_equipment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1272" data-file-height="2262" /></a><figcaption>Rock climber with a helmet, harness & rope, and a <a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">traditional climbing</a> "rack" of <a href="#Protection_devices">protection devices</a> on their harness and additional <a href="#Gear_sling">gear sling</a>, which contains SLCDs, nuts, a tricam, and quickdraws</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:18.0em;padding:0;font-size:95%;line-height:1.3em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Climbing" title="Category:Climbing">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">Climbing</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbers_and_mountaineers" title="List of climbers and mountaineers">Climbers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piolet_d%27Or" class="mw-redirect" title="Piolet d'Or">Piolet d'Or winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_career_IFSC_victories_by_climber" title="Ranking of career IFSC victories by climber">IFSC victories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_equipment" title="Climbing equipment">Equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_knots" title="List of climbing knots">Knots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rock_climbing" title="History of rock climbing">Historical events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grade_milestones_in_rock_climbing" title="List of grade milestones in rock climbing">Grade milestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Eight-thousanders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms" title="Glossary of climbing terms">Terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Types of <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_climbing" title="Aid climbing">Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">Big wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing" title="Multi-pitch climbing">Multi-pitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering" title="Bouldering">Bouldering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering#Highball_bouldering" title="Bouldering">Highball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Competition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speed_climbing" title="Speed climbing">Speed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_climbing" title="Free climbing">Free</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_climbing" title="Solo climbing">Solo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_solo_climbing" title="Free solo climbing">Free solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-water_soloing" title="Deep-water soloing">Deep-water solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_solo_climbing" title="Rope solo climbing">Rope solo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_rope_climbing" title="Top rope climbing">Top roping</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Types of <a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">mountaineering</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">Alpine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_climbing" title="Mixed climbing">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_ferrata" title="Via ferrata">Via ferrata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Himalayan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine style">Alpine style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Expedition style">Expedition style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Ice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry-tooling" title="Dry-tooling">Dry-tooling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrambling" title="Scrambling">Scrambling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillwalking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillwalking">Hillwalking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Other types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buildering" title="Buildering">Buildering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyoning" title="Canyoning">Canyoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_climbing" title="Crane climbing">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_climbing" title="Grass climbing">Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_access" title="Rope access">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_climbing" title="Pole climbing">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_hopping" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock hopping">Rock hopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooftopping" title="Rooftopping">Rooftopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_and_tunnel_hacking" title="Roof and tunnel hacking">Roof hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_climbing" title="Rope climbing">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_Climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Slide Climbing">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_climbing" title="Tree climbing">Tree</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Key actions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abseiling" title="Abseiling">Abseiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaying" title="Belaying">Belaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_climbing" title="Lead climbing">Leading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redpoint_(climbing)" title="Redpoint (climbing)">Redpointing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumaring" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumaring">Jumaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_rescue_(climbing)" title="Self rescue (climbing)">Self rescuing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simul_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Simul climbing">Simul climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_(climbing)" title="Traverse (climbing)">Traversing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_technique" title="Climbing technique">Techniques</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Key terms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_(climbing)" title="Anchor (climbing)">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_ascent" title="First ascent">First ascent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_free_ascent" class="mw-redirect" title="First free ascent">FFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_female_free_ascent" class="mw-redirect" title="First female free ascent">FFFA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)" title="Grade (climbing)">Grade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_route" title="Climbing route">Route</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_(climbing)" title="Beta (climbing)">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_guidebook" title="Climbing guidebook">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(climbing)" title="Pitch (climbing)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crack_climbing" title="Crack climbing">Crack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_climbing" title="Face climbing">Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(climbing)" title="Overhang (climbing)">Overhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_climbing" title="Slab climbing">Slab</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Climbing_sidebar" title="Template:Climbing sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Climbing_sidebar" title="Template talk:Climbing sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rock-climbing equipment</b> varies with the specific type of <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">climbing</a> that is undertaken. <a href="/wiki/Bouldering" title="Bouldering">Bouldering</a> needs the least equipment outside of <a href="/wiki/Climbing_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing shoes">climbing shoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalk_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalk (climbing)">climbing chalk</a> and optional <a href="/wiki/Bouldering_mat" title="Bouldering mat">crash pads</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">Sport climbing</a> adds <a href="/wiki/Climbing_rope" title="Climbing rope">ropes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Climbing_harness" title="Climbing harness">harnesses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belay_device" title="Belay device">belay devices</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quickdraw" title="Quickdraw">quickdraws</a> to clip into pre-drilled <a href="/wiki/Bolt_(climbing)" title="Bolt (climbing)">bolts</a>. <a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">Traditional climbing</a> adds the need to carry a "rack" of temporary passive and active <a href="#Protection_devices">protection devices</a>. <a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing" title="Multi-pitch climbing">Multi-pitch climbing</a>, and the related <a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">big wall climbing</a>, adds devices to assist in ascending and descending <a href="/wiki/Fixed_ropes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed ropes">fixed ropes</a>. Finally, <a href="/wiki/Aid_climbing" title="Aid climbing">aid climbing</a> uses unique equipment to give mechanical assistance to the climber in their upward movement (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Aider" class="mw-redirect" title="Aider">aiders</a>). </p><p>Advances in equipment are a key part of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_rock_climbing" title="History of rock climbing">rock climbing history</a>, starting with the <a href="/wiki/Climbing_rope" title="Climbing rope">climbing rope</a>. Modern devices enable climbers to perform tasks previously done manually, with greater control – in all conditions – and with less effort. Examples of replacements include the harness (replaced tying the rope around the waist), the <a href="/wiki/Carabiner" title="Carabiner">carabiner</a> (replaced many <a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_knots" title="List of climbing knots">knots</a>), the descender/abseil device (replaced the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BClfersitz" title="Dülfersitz">dülfersitz</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Ascender_(climbing)" title="Ascender (climbing)">ascender</a> (replaced the <a href="/wiki/Prusik_knot" class="mw-redirect" title="Prusik knot">prusik knot</a>), the belay device (replaced the <a href="/wiki/Body_belay" class="mw-redirect" title="Body belay">body belay</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Nut_(climbing)" title="Nut (climbing)">nuts</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hexes_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexes (climbing)">hexes</a> (replaced <a href="/wiki/Chockstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chockstone">chockstones</a>). </p><p>Modern equipment includes <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_rope" title="Dynamic rope">dynamic ropes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plyometric" class="mw-redirect" title="Plyometric">plyometric</a> training tools, advanced <a href="/wiki/Spring-loaded_camming_device" title="Spring-loaded camming device">spring-loaded camming devices</a> (SLCDs) for protection, and advanced rope control devices such as <a href="/wiki/Self-locking_device" title="Self-locking device">self-locking devices</a> (SLDs), progress capture devices (PCDs), and <a href="/wiki/Assisted_braking_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Assisted braking device">assisted braking devices</a> (ABDs). Modern equipment uses advanced materials that are increasingly more durable, stronger, and lighter (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_molecular_weight_polyethylene" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene">spectra/dyneema</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aluminum_alloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum alloy">aluminum alloys</a>). The equipment must meet specific standards (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/UIAA" class="mw-redirect" title="UIAA">UIAA</a> standards) for strength, durability, and reliability, and must be certified and tested against such standards with individual pieces carrying such certification marks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_and_certification">Use and certification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Use and certification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Type_of_climbing">Type of climbing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Type of climbing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rock-climbing equipment needed varies materially depending on the type of rock climbing being undertaken. Starting from the least equipment-intensive type of climbing, the general equipment needs are as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-ACMG_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_solo_climbing" title="Free solo climbing">Free solo climbing</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/Deep-water_soloing#Equipment" title="Deep-water soloing">deep-water soloing</a> variant, require the least equipment as no climbing protection or ropes are used. Equipment is generally limited to <a href="/wiki/Climbing_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing shoes">climbing shoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chalk_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalk (climbing)">chalk</a> with a chalk bag.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering#Equipment" title="Bouldering">Bouldering</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/Competition_bouldering" class="mw-redirect" title="Competition bouldering">competition bouldering</a> variant, uses the same basic equipment of free soloing but with the optional addition of <a href="/wiki/Bouldering_mat" title="Bouldering mat">bouldering mats</a>, which are also called crash mats or crash pads.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_rope_climbing#Equipment" title="Top rope climbing">Top rope climbing</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/Competition_speed_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Competition speed climbing">competition speed climbing</a> variant, adds a rope, harness, and belay device. The rope is hung prior to the climb from the anchor point at the top, typically by carabiners, slings, or cord, or some combination thereof.<sup id="cite_ref-FoH13_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing#Equipment" title="Sport climbing">Sport climbing</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/Competition_lead_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Competition lead climbing">competition lead climbing</a> variant, adds <a href="/wiki/Quickdraws" class="mw-redirect" title="Quickdraws">quickdraws</a> that are clipped into the pre-drilled on-site <a href="/wiki/Bolt_(climbing)" title="Bolt (climbing)">bolts</a> while the climber is <a href="/wiki/Lead_climbing" title="Lead climbing">lead climbing</a> the route. No additional climbing protection is needed.<sup id="cite_ref-FoH13_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing#Equipment" title="Traditional climbing">Traditional climbing</a> requires most of the equipment of the above disciplines but with the addition of extensive climbing protection equipment (nuts, hexes, and SLCDs), which the climber will insert while lead climbing the route. The weight of the extra protection may require a stronger harness and/or a <a href="#Gear_sling">gear sling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FoH13_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing#Equipment" title="Multi-pitch climbing">Multi-pitch climbing</a>, which can be done in sport or traditional formats, requires added rope devices like ascenders and descenders for moving up and down fixed-ropes. The <a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing#Equipment" title="Big wall climbing">big wall</a> variant requires heavy-duty rope devices for carrying more gear such as <a href="/wiki/Portaledge" title="Portaledge">portaledges</a> and provisions, which are carried in <a href="#Haul_bag">haul bags</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_solo_climbing#Equipment" title="Rope solo climbing">Rope solo climbing</a> is done in many formats (sport, traditional, multi-pitch), and needs an extensive range of rope devices as every pitch needs to be solo climbed (using <a href="/wiki/Self-locking_device" title="Self-locking device">self-locking devices</a> or SLDs), descended back down (using descenders), and then re-ascended (using ascenders).<sup id="cite_ref-GJ_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GJ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UKC_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The simpler variant of <a href="/wiki/Top_rope_solo_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Top rope solo climbing">top rope solo climbing</a>, only requires the SLDs.<sup id="cite_ref-CL21_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL21-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aid_climbing#Equipment" title="Aid climbing">Aid climbing</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/Clean_aid_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Clean aid climbing">clean aid climbing</a> variant, is usually done in a traditional format and also more likely on multi-pitch and big wall routes. In addition to the standard equipment for such routes, aid climbing uses specialist equipment such as <a href="/wiki/Aider" class="mw-redirect" title="Aider">aiders</a> and <a href="#Daisy_chain">daisy chains</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing_hammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock climbing hammer">hammers</a> for <a href="/wiki/Piton" title="Piton">pitons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(climbing)" title="Copperhead (climbing)">copperheads</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MFOH15_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFOH15-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Certification">Certification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Certification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ende_eines_Zwillingsseils.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="UIAA certified twin ropes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ende_eines_Zwillingsseils.JPG/220px-Ende_eines_Zwillingsseils.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ende_eines_Zwillingsseils.JPG/330px-Ende_eines_Zwillingsseils.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ende_eines_Zwillingsseils.JPG/440px-Ende_eines_Zwillingsseils.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2584" data-file-height="1808" /></a><figcaption>UIAA-certified twin ropes</figcaption></figure> <p>Rock-climbing equipment is broadly classed as <a href="/wiki/Personal_Protective_Equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Protective Equipment">Personal Protective Equipment</a> (PPE).<sup id="cite_ref-BMC1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMC1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Climbing_and_Mountaineering_Federation" title="International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation">International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation</a> (known as the UIAA) was an important early body—and the only body pre-1995—in setting standards for climbing equipment. The UIAA Safety Commission continues to play a central worldwide role in this area.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/European_Committee_for_Standardization" title="European Committee for Standardization">European Committee for Standardization</a> (CEN) is also an important major regulatory body for PPE, and which works closely with the UIAA Safety Commission through its CEN Working Group for Mountaineering Equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CL11_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North America has fewer specific regulations as rock-climbing equipment as it is not classed as military or professional PPE and thus does not fall under the American <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a> (OSHA) regulations;<sup id="cite_ref-CL11_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in effect, the UIAA and CEN have become the most important bodies for setting standards and regulating rock-climbing equipment worldwide, and most major manufacturers, and distributors, produce equipment certified and stamped with UIAA and <a href="/wiki/CE_marking" title="CE marking">CE marking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CL11_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the United Kingdom left the European Union, it adopted the <a href="/wiki/UKCA_marking" title="UKCA marking">UKCA certification</a> in place of the CEN.<sup id="cite_ref-BMC1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMC1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ropes_and_slings">Ropes and slings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ropes and slings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ropes">Ropes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ropes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kernmantle_climbing_rope_dynamic_Sterling_10.7mm_cut_end.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cross section of a dynamic rope" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kernmantle_climbing_rope_dynamic_Sterling_10.7mm_cut_end.jpg/220px-Kernmantle_climbing_rope_dynamic_Sterling_10.7mm_cut_end.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kernmantle_climbing_rope_dynamic_Sterling_10.7mm_cut_end.jpg/330px-Kernmantle_climbing_rope_dynamic_Sterling_10.7mm_cut_end.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kernmantle_climbing_rope_dynamic_Sterling_10.7mm_cut_end.jpg/440px-Kernmantle_climbing_rope_dynamic_Sterling_10.7mm_cut_end.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="992" /></a><figcaption>Cross-section of 10.7 mm <a href="/wiki/Kernmantle_rope" title="Kernmantle rope">kernmantle</a> <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_rope" title="Dynamic rope">dynamic rope</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Modern <a href="/wiki/Climbing_ropes" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing ropes">climbing ropes</a> are 50–80 metres (160–260 ft) in length—the longer versions are for multi-pitch climbing—and have a <a href="/wiki/Kernmantle_rope" title="Kernmantle rope">kernmantle</a> construction consisting of a core kern of twisted <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a> fibers and an outer sheath mantle of woven colored coarse nylon fibers. They are either <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_rope" title="Dynamic rope">dynamic ropes</a>, which can stretch to absorb the energy of a falling climber, or are the less expensive but more hard-wearing <a href="/wiki/Static_rope" title="Static rope">static ropes</a>, which are only for use in constant-load situations such as descending (e.g. abseiling) and ascending (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Jumaring" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumaring">jumaring</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ACMG_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FoH1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CLROPE_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLROPE-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some climbers will use a single full-thickness climbing rope of approximately 9–11 <abbr title="millimeter">mm</abbr>, and some will use <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms#double_ropes" title="Glossary of climbing terms">double ropes</a>, or "half-ropes", to reduce <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms#drag" title="Glossary of climbing terms">rope drag</a> (e.g. one rope is clipped into any given anchor or protection point), which have a reduced thickness of approximately 8–9 <abbr title="millimeter">mm</abbr> to limit the weight of the extra rope. <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms#twin_ropes" title="Glossary of climbing terms">Twin roping</a> uses two thinner ropes, typically 7–8 <abbr title="millimeter">mm</abbr> in thickness, which are both clipped into each protection point. Twin roping is thus not used for reducing rope drag, but to have a backup rope on long climbs.<sup id="cite_ref-ACMG_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FoH1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CLROPE_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLROPE-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slings">Slings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Slings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Genaaide_bandlussen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sets of sewn webbing slings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Genaaide_bandlussen.jpg/220px-Genaaide_bandlussen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Genaaide_bandlussen.jpg/330px-Genaaide_bandlussen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Genaaide_bandlussen.jpg/440px-Genaaide_bandlussen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Sets of sewn <a href="/wiki/Webbing" title="Webbing">webbing</a> slings</figcaption></figure> <p>Modern <a href="/wiki/Webbing" title="Webbing">webbing</a> (or "tape") is made of strong tubular nylon or the even stronger <a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_molecular_weight_polyethylene" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene">spectra/dyneema</a> material. Climbers use webbing that has been sewn using a certified standard of reinforced stitching into various lengths of closed loops called "<a href="/wiki/Sling_(climbing_equipment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sling (climbing equipment)">slings</a>" (or "runners"). They can be used in a wide range of situations, including wrapping around sections of rock for abseiling, creating belay anchors, or as passive protection, or tied to other equipment—often via carabiners—to create a longer version of a quickdraw or a makeshift lanyard.<sup id="cite_ref-ACMG_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FoH1_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slings can be made into more complex pieces of equipment such as the <a href="#Daisy_chain">daisy chain</a>, which is used in aid climbing,<sup id="cite_ref-MFOH15_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFOH15-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="#Personal_Anchor_Systems">Personal Anchor System</a>, which is used in securing a climber to a fixed anchor point.<sup id="cite_ref-HTRC10_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTRC10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cords">Cords<span class="anchor" id="Cords"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klim_en_Prusik_Touw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Comparison of rope and chord thicknesses" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Klim_en_Prusik_Touw.jpg/220px-Klim_en_Prusik_Touw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Klim_en_Prusik_Touw.jpg/330px-Klim_en_Prusik_Touw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Klim_en_Prusik_Touw.jpg/440px-Klim_en_Prusik_Touw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Rope (two on left) and cord (two on right) thicknesses compared</figcaption></figure> <p>While lengths of webbing can be tied via a knot, such as a <a href="/wiki/Water_knot" title="Water knot">water knot</a>, to create custom-length loops instead of the pre-sewn fixed-length slings, their load-bearing capacity can be materially reduced making them less safe. Climbers instead use <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms#cord" title="Glossary of climbing terms">cord</a> (or "accessory cord"), which is a length of thinner approximately 4–8 mm static <a href="/wiki/Kernmantle_rope" title="Kernmantle rope">kernmantle rope</a>, tied via a <a href="/wiki/Double_fisherman%27s_knot" title="Double fisherman's knot">double fisherman's knot</a> into closed loops of any size.<sup id="cite_ref-ACMG_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FoH1_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cord loops (also known as "<a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms#cordelette" title="Glossary of climbing terms">cordelettes</a>") serve a wide variety of functions in rock climbing. Uses include creating friction <a href="/wiki/Prusik_knot" class="mw-redirect" title="Prusik knot">prusik knots</a> for ascending or gripping fixed climbing ropes, usually using thinner approximately 5–6 <abbr title="millimeter">mm</abbr> cord, or for attaching to, and equalizing forces across, multiple fixed anchors points,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as when setting up abseil or belay anchors on multi-pitch climbing routes, usually using thicker approximately 7–8 <abbr title="millimeter">mm</abbr> cord.<sup id="cite_ref-ACMG_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FoH1_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rope_connectors">Rope connectors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rope connectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several modern pieces of rope connecting equipment help climbers to securely attach items to the climbing rope, such as themselves via a modern climbing harness, or their various protection devices via modern carabiners and quickdraws. Before the invention of these pieces of rope-connecting equipment, climbers used alternative techniques such as looping the rope around the body instead of a harness (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Body_belay" class="mw-redirect" title="Body belay">body belay</a>) and looping the rope around various rocks as a form of protection. In addition to these early techniques, climbers also used various <a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_knots" title="List of climbing knots">climbing knots</a> to tie ropes and anchor points together, which are now all replaced by rope-connecting equipment such as carabiners.<sup id="cite_ref-ACMG_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carabiners">Carabiners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Carabiners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assorted_Biners.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Various types of carabiners" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Assorted_Biners.jpg/220px-Assorted_Biners.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Assorted_Biners.jpg/330px-Assorted_Biners.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Assorted_Biners.jpg/440px-Assorted_Biners.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2679" data-file-height="2788" /></a><figcaption>Non-locking (top) and locking (bottom) carabiners</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Carabiners" class="mw-redirect" title="Carabiners">Carabiners</a> are closed metal clips with spring-loaded gates that are used as connectors between the rope and various devices. Modern carabiners are made from a lightweight but strong <a href="/wiki/Aluminum_alloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum alloy">aluminum alloy</a> that can withstand the load of a fall. Carabiners come in various shapes, with the asymmetric/offset D-shape being the most common, and gate styles (e.g. a straight gate or a bent gate). A particular variation is whether the gate is locking, which gives extra security when belaying but makes the carabiner heavier and slightly tricker to clip into, or non-locking, which is the easiest to clip into and out of for example when leading a bolted sport climbing route but with the risk that the gate may unintentionally open.<sup id="cite_ref-FoH1_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ACMG_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harnesses">Harnesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Harnesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Climbing_harness" title="Climbing harness">Climbing harnesses</a> are used for connecting the rope to the climber via a "belay loop" on the harness. Harnesses are made of strong materials to specific strength guidelines that can withstand the load of a major fall. There are many types of harness designs and materials used depending on the type of climbing undertaken. Examples include minimal "sit" harnesses for sport climbing as they require little in the way of gear-carrying loops, lightweight and detachable leg-loop harnesses for alpine climbing that fit around heaving winter clothing, padded harnesses for big wall climbing that give comfort for hanging belays and abseils, and chest/full-body harnesses for children or carrying heavy loads.<sup id="cite_ref-FoH1_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ACMG_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lanyards">Lanyards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lanyards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ViaFerrataLanyardPetzlScorpio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A lanyard for use on the via terrata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/ViaFerrataLanyardPetzlScorpio.jpg/220px-ViaFerrataLanyardPetzlScorpio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/ViaFerrataLanyardPetzlScorpio.jpg/330px-ViaFerrataLanyardPetzlScorpio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/ViaFerrataLanyardPetzlScorpio.jpg/440px-ViaFerrataLanyardPetzlScorpio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Petzl" title="Petzl">Petzl</a>'s "via ferrata lanyard set" with attached "<a href="#Energy_absorber">energy absorber</a>"</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Lanyard_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanyard (climbing)">Lanyards</a> (or "teather", or "via ferrata set") are much longer versions of <a href="/wiki/Quickdraw" title="Quickdraw">quickdraws</a> that attach from a harness to a rope (or other anchor points, such as a metal cable). The difference is that lanyards are much stronger than quickdraws and are capable of withstanding <a href="/wiki/Fall_factor" title="Fall factor">fall factors of 2</a> as found on <a href="/wiki/Via_ferrata" title="Via ferrata">via ferrata</a> or on <a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing" title="Multi-pitch climbing">multi-pitch climbing</a> routes. They are often made from materials that can absorb dynamic energy and often come with additional optional fall <a href="/wiki/Energy_absorber_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy absorber (climbing)">energy absorption</a> devices, and lanyards that have had heavy falls often have to be discarded. Lanyards are also constructed to be sufficiently flexible to resist being twisted.<sup id="cite_ref-ACMG_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personal_anchor_systems">Personal anchor systems</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Personal anchor systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A sub-class of lanyards is the personal anchor system (PAS), which is a section of rope or interconnected chains of slings, which are used to tie the harness to an anchor point such as a belay station. Traditionally, climbers would tie their harness to anchors using part of the climbing rope; however, the PAS has become popular as a way to avoid reducing the effective length of the climbing rope, and to use a more straightforward connection.<sup id="cite_ref-HTRCPAS_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTRCPAS-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quickdraws">Quickdraws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Quickdraws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ekspres-(climbing).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Specialist quickdraws used in competition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ekspres-%28climbing%29.jpg/220px-Ekspres-%28climbing%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ekspres-%28climbing%29.jpg/330px-Ekspres-%28climbing%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ekspres-%28climbing%29.jpg/440px-Ekspres-%28climbing%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>Sport/competition climbing quickdraw with a "bent gate" at one end for easier clipping-in </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Quickdraw" title="Quickdraw">Quickdraws</a> are used by climbers to connect ropes to fixed points such as bolted anchors in sport climbing, or protection devices in traditional climbing. The quickdraw consists of two non-locking carabiners connected by a short, pre-sewn loop of webbing. They are used to reduce the friction and drag between the rope and the fixed point that can occur when the rope is just clipped into a carabiner clipped into the fixed point. In <a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">competition climbing</a>, the quickdraws are already hanging from the pre-fixed bolts, which is called <i><a href="/wiki/Pinkpoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinkpoint">pinkpointing</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">sport climbing</a>. The quickdraws used in advanced sport and in competition climbing routes often have a "bent gate" on the lower carabiner to make clipping-into the quickdraw even easier.<sup id="cite_ref-FoH1_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rope_devices">Rope devices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Rope devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several devices are used for controlling the rope (e.g. belay devices and self-locking devices), moving up the rope (e.g. ascender devices), or moving down the rope (e.g. rappel/abseil or descender devices). These actions were historically performed by climbers with no mechanical devices (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Body_belay" class="mw-redirect" title="Body belay">body belay</a> for belaying, the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BClfersitz" title="Dülfersitz">dülfersitz</a> abseil for descending, and the <a href="/wiki/Prusik_knot" class="mw-redirect" title="Prusik knot">prusik knot</a> for ascending), and these mechanical devices help with both control and safety in all conditions (e.g. wet or icy ropes).<sup id="cite_ref-ACMG_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CL55_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL55-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ascenders">Ascenders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ascenders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ClimbingAscenders_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ascender attached to a rope" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/ClimbingAscenders_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-ClimbingAscenders_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/ClimbingAscenders_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-ClimbingAscenders_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/ClimbingAscenders_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-ClimbingAscenders_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2299" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>Ascender attached to a rope</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ascender_(climbing)" title="Ascender (climbing)">Ascenders</a> (also called "jumars" or "<a href="/wiki/Petzl_Croll" title="Petzl Croll">crolls</a>" after popular brands) are mechanical devices to enable a climber to move up a <a href="/wiki/Fixed_rope" title="Fixed rope">fixed rope</a>, which is a static rope that is hanging from a fixed anchor. Ascenders perform the same basic function as friction or prusik knots made from <a href="#Cords">cord</a> but far less effort and concentration are needed to use them (e.g. tired climbers at high-altitude), they can handle much heavier loads (e.g. climbers with ruck-sacks), and they are more reliable in all conditions (e.g. on wet and icy ropes). The ascender uses an internal cam that allows the device to slide freely in one direction but tightly grip the rope when pulled on in the opposite direction. To prevent the ascender device from accidentally falling off the rope, a locking carabiner is also used.<sup id="cite_ref-HTRC10_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTRC10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belay_devices">Belay devices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Belay devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zekeringsapparaten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Various types of belay devices" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Zekeringsapparaten.jpg/220px-Zekeringsapparaten.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Zekeringsapparaten.jpg/330px-Zekeringsapparaten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Zekeringsapparaten.jpg/440px-Zekeringsapparaten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Various models of tubers, and a sticht plate (r-lower)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Belay_devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Belay devices">Belay devices</a> are mechanical friction-brake devices used to control the climbing rope(s) when <a href="/wiki/Belaying" title="Belaying">belaying</a> a climber. Their main purpose is to allow the rope to be locked off or fully braked with minimal effort when arresting a climber's fall. There are many kinds of belay devices, such as the original passive braking devices like "sticht plates" and the later "tubers/tubulars" (e.g. the original Black Diamond ATC, or the <a href="/wiki/Petzl" title="Petzl">Petzl</a> <a href="/wiki/Reverso_(climbing)" title="Reverso (climbing)">Reverso</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-HTRC_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTRC-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The range of modern belay devices also includes auto-block devices (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/GiGi_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="GiGi (climbing)">GiGi</a>) allowing the belay device to be attached to a separate anchor point (e.g. and not to the belayer, which is useful for bringing up the second-climber on multi-pitch routes), and active assisted-braking devices (ABDs) that will self-lock with sudden rope movements (e.g. the Petzl <a href="/wiki/Grigri_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grigri (climbing)">GriGri</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Wild_Country_(company)" title="Wild Country (company)">Wild Country</a> <a href="/wiki/Revo_(climbing)" title="Revo (climbing)">Revo</a>). Some passive belay devices may also be used as descenders for <a href="/wiki/Abseil" class="mw-redirect" title="Abseil">abseiling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HTRC_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTRC-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Indoor_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor climbing">Indoor climbing</a> walls can provide on-site fixed mechanical <a href="/wiki/Auto_belay" title="Auto belay">auto belay</a> devices that enable the climber to <a href="/wiki/Top_rope" class="mw-redirect" title="Top rope">top rope</a> a route alone; more recent <a href="/wiki/Lead_auto_belay" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead auto belay">lead auto belay</a> models allow the climber to also lead climb the route alone.<sup id="cite_ref-CL20_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL20-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Descenders">Descenders<span class="anchor" id="Descenders"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Descenders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:362px;max-width:362px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Modern descenders</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:202px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kong-spa-discesore-oka_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Kong-spa-discesore-oka_03.jpg/202px-Kong-spa-discesore-oka_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Kong-spa-discesore-oka_03.jpg/303px-Kong-spa-discesore-oka_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Kong-spa-discesore-oka_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="330" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Advanced figure-8</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:202px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petzl_I%27D_S_ready.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Petzl_I%27D_S_ready.JPG/152px-Petzl_I%27D_S_ready.JPG" decoding="async" width="152" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Petzl_I%27D_S_ready.JPG/228px-Petzl_I%27D_S_ready.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Petzl_I%27D_S_ready.JPG/304px-Petzl_I%27D_S_ready.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Petzl I'D self-locking</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Descenders (or <a href="/wiki/Abseil" class="mw-redirect" title="Abseil">abseil</a> devices) enable a climber to abseil (or rappel) down a fixed or static rope that is hanging from a fixed anchor. They perform the same basic function as the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BClfersitz" title="Dülfersitz">dülfersitz</a> abseil but with more control and less effort. The classic passive descender, and still widely used, is the <a href="/wiki/Figure_8_(belay_device)" class="mw-redirect" title="Figure 8 (belay device)">figure-eight</a>, although it is offered in more complex variations with "ears" and "wings" to prevent the rope from locking up.<sup id="cite_ref-HTRC10_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTRC10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many passive belay devices can be used as descenders, such as tubers/tubulars. Some modern descenders come with self-locking device (SLD) features that will grip the rope in the event of an uncontrolled fall (e.g. the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petzl_I%27D_S&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petzl I'D S (page does not exist)">Petzl I'D S</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%E2%80%99D_S" class="extiw" title="de:I’D S">de</a>]</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-HTRC10_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTRC10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heavy-duty descenders such as <a href="/wiki/Abseil_rack" class="mw-redirect" title="Abseil rack">abseil racks</a> are used for greater control and friction when carrying heavy loads and/or in very wet or icy conditions (e.g. big wall climbing and caving). The modern technique is to use a descender with a <a href="#Personal_Anchor_Systems">Personal Anchor System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HTRC10_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTRC10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self-locking_devices">Self-locking devices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Self-locking devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:362px;max-width:362px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Self-locking devices</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:200px;max-width:200px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Back_side_of_red_GriGri_circa_2022%E2%80%932023_version.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Back_side_of_red_GriGri_circa_2022%E2%80%932023_version.jpg/198px-Back_side_of_red_GriGri_circa_2022%E2%80%932023_version.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Back_side_of_red_GriGri_circa_2022%E2%80%932023_version.jpg/297px-Back_side_of_red_GriGri_circa_2022%E2%80%932023_version.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Back_side_of_red_GriGri_circa_2022%E2%80%932023_version.jpg/396px-Back_side_of_red_GriGri_circa_2022%E2%80%932023_version.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3922" data-file-height="2310" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Petzl <a href="/wiki/Grigri_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grigri (climbing)">GriGri</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:158px;max-width:158px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Revo_Wild_Country_outdoor_with_rope.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Revo_Wild_Country_outdoor_with_rope.jpg/156px-Revo_Wild_Country_outdoor_with_rope.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Revo_Wild_Country_outdoor_with_rope.jpg/234px-Revo_Wild_Country_outdoor_with_rope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Revo_Wild_Country_outdoor_with_rope.jpg/312px-Revo_Wild_Country_outdoor_with_rope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Wild Country <a href="/wiki/Revo_(climbing)" title="Revo (climbing)">Revo</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Self-locking_device" title="Self-locking device">Self-locking devices</a> (SLDs), also called progress capture devices (PCDs), are the terms given to the broader class of rope devices that allow the climbing rope to move more freely in one direction but will lock quickly if the rope tries to move in the opposite direction. Their basic action means that several can also be used as emergency ascenders or assisted-belaying devices (ABDs), but they come in a broad range for a variety of uses (e.g. as a hauling or rescue pulley, like the Petzl Traxion).<sup id="cite_ref-CLHAUL_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLHAUL-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most complex use is for <a href="/wiki/Rope_solo_climbing" title="Rope solo climbing">rope solo climbing</a>, for which devices such as Wren's Silent Partner, the Petzel GriGri, and the Wild Country <a href="/wiki/Revo_(climbing)" title="Revo (climbing)">Revo</a> have been used (rope solo climbing requires the widest range of rope devices including ascenders and descenders),<sup id="cite_ref-GJ_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GJ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UKC_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the more straightforward <a href="/wiki/Top_rope_solo_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Top rope solo climbing">top rope solo climbing</a>, for which the Petzl Micro Traxion and Camp Lift have been used.<sup id="cite_ref-CL21_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL21-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protection_devices">Protection devices<span class="anchor" id="Protection_devices"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Protection devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As discussed in <a href="#Type_of_climbing">types of climbing</a>, rock climbing protection devices are mainly used in traditional climbing and in sport climbing, both of which can be done in single and multi-pitch formats. In addition, clean aid climbing also uses many of the traditional climbing protection devices.<sup id="cite_ref-FoH13_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temporary">Temporary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Temporary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Temporary protection devices (also known as <i>pro</i>, <i>gear</i> or the <i>rack</i>), provide the means to place temporary anchor points on the rock to which a <a href="/wiki/Lead_climbing" title="Lead climbing">lead climber</a> can clip their rope (via a quickdraw) when <a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">traditional climbing</a>; they also can be used for anchor points for belaying and abseiling. The devices are categorized as being <i>active</i> (i.e. they dynamically move or adjust in the case of a fall), or <i>passive</i> (i.e., they maintain a static position throughout).<sup id="cite_ref-FoH13_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Active">Active</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Active"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:362px;max-width:362px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Active SLCD protection</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:189px;max-width:189px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mat%C3%A9riel_d%27escalade_-_studio_WMCH_-_coinceurs_m%C3%A9caniques.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mat%C3%A9riel_d%27escalade_-_studio_WMCH_-_coinceurs_m%C3%A9caniques.jpg/187px-Mat%C3%A9riel_d%27escalade_-_studio_WMCH_-_coinceurs_m%C3%A9caniques.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mat%C3%A9riel_d%27escalade_-_studio_WMCH_-_coinceurs_m%C3%A9caniques.jpg/281px-Mat%C3%A9riel_d%27escalade_-_studio_WMCH_-_coinceurs_m%C3%A9caniques.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mat%C3%A9riel_d%27escalade_-_studio_WMCH_-_coinceurs_m%C3%A9caniques.jpg/374px-Mat%C3%A9riel_d%27escalade_-_studio_WMCH_-_coinceurs_m%C3%A9caniques.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Selection of SLCDs</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Camalot_number_6.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Camalot_number_6.JPG/167px-Camalot_number_6.JPG" decoding="async" width="167" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Camalot_number_6.JPG/251px-Camalot_number_6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Camalot_number_6.JPG/334px-Camalot_number_6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Camalot" title="Camalot">Camalot</a> SLCD in a crack</div></div></div></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spring-loaded_camming_device" title="Spring-loaded camming device">Spring-loaded camming devices</a> (SLCDs, or "<a href="/wiki/Wild_Country_(company)" title="Wild Country (company)">friends</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Camalot" title="Camalot">camalots</a>") consist of two to four aluminum <a href="/wiki/Cam_(mechanism)" title="Cam (mechanism)">cams</a> mounted on a spring-loaded axle (or two adjacent axles), in such a way that pulling on the shaft connected to the axle forces the cams to narrow so they can be inserted into small cracks. Once the SLCD is inserted into the crack, its cams will maintain a constant camming angle of 13.75 degrees against the walls of the crack. SLCDs are by far the most popular form of active protection device.<sup id="cite_ref-FoH13_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bro" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Bro">Big Bros</a> (or tube chocks) are large hollow telescopic aluminum tubes manufactured by Trango whose width can be dynamically adjusted to fit across large <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms#off-width" title="Glossary of climbing terms">off-width cracks</a> that are too wide for standard SLCDs.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removable_bolt" title="Removable bolt">Removable bolts</a> (or RBs) are a type of SLCD for insertion into pre-drilled bolt holes, but instead of using cams, the system uses a metal tube that once inserted expands to grip against the walls of the hole. Less frequently in use, their main application is for climbers creating bolted routes.<sup id="cite_ref-FoH13_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Passive">Passive</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Passive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:362px;max-width:362px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Passive protection</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:148px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Assorted_Nuts_and_Nut_Tool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Assorted_Nuts_and_Nut_Tool.jpg/126px-Assorted_Nuts_and_Nut_Tool.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Assorted_Nuts_and_Nut_Tool.jpg/189px-Assorted_Nuts_and_Nut_Tool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Assorted_Nuts_and_Nut_Tool.jpg/252px-Assorted_Nuts_and_Nut_Tool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2846" data-file-height="3350" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Nut_(climbing)" title="Nut (climbing)">Nuts</a> on a wire</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:230px;max-width:230px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:148px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Set_of_Hexcentrics.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Set_of_Hexcentrics.jpg/228px-Set_of_Hexcentrics.jpg" decoding="async" width="228" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Set_of_Hexcentrics.jpg/342px-Set_of_Hexcentrics.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Set_of_Hexcentrics.jpg/456px-Set_of_Hexcentrics.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="313" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Hex_(climbing)" title="Hex (climbing)">Hexes</a> on loops of <a href="#Cords">cord</a></div></div></div></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(climbing)" title="Nut (climbing)">Nuts</a> (also "stoppers", "wires" or "chocks") are the most common passive protection is nuts, which replaced <a href="/wiki/Chockstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chockstone">chockstones</a> with curved blocks of strong <a href="/wiki/Aluminum_alloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum alloy">aluminum alloy</a> attached to a loop of wire. They are wedged into narrowing/tapering cracks (they do not work well in wide or parallel cracks) and then tugged firmly to set them in place.<sup id="cite_ref-FoH13_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nuts come in many varieties (e.g. offset-shaped HB nuts, micro nuts, and brass RP nuts).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Where the Australian <a href="/wiki/Carrot_bolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrot bolt">carrot bolts</a> are common, the wire loop can be used as an emergency substitute for a bolt plate, like a <a href="/wiki/Rivet_hanger" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivet hanger">rivet hanger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hex_(climbing)" title="Hex (climbing)">Hexes</a> are hollow asymmetrical hexagonal tubes attached to a loop of <a href="#Cords">cord</a>, particularly for large hexes, or wire. Often wider than nuts, their asymmetrical shape allows their use in parallel and even widening cracks. They are placed like a nut ideally into a narrowing section of the crack and any fall will cause the hex to twist in its placement, thus exerting sideways force on the wall of the crack. Modern climbers tend to use SLCDs over hexes.<sup id="cite_ref-FoH13_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricam" title="Tricam">Tricams</a> are shaped aluminum blocks attached to lengths of webbing tape, like with a nut. The block is shaped so that pulling on the tape makes it "cam" against the crack walls, gripping the rock tighter in a similar fashion to a hex. Tricams may also be placed similarly to a nut, relying only on the constriction of a crack. Tricams are not as easy to place or remove as an SLCD but they can fit into narrow cracks and pockets, in some cases being the only type of protection that will work on a particular feature. Tricams are typically cheaper and lighter than SLCDs and are less in use today.<sup id="cite_ref-FoH13_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fixed">Fixed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Fixed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fixed protection devices are permanent on-site anchors to which a lead climber can clip their rope – often via a quickdraw – when they are <a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">sport climbing</a>; they also can be used to create anchor points for belaying and abseiling. The main types are:<sup id="cite_ref-FoH13_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:362px;max-width:362px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Fixed protection</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:235px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Setaki.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Setaki.JPG/177px-Setaki.JPG" decoding="async" width="177" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Setaki.JPG/266px-Setaki.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Setaki.JPG/354px-Setaki.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(climbing)" title="Bolt (climbing)">Bolt</a> with <a href="/wiki/Quickdraw" title="Quickdraw">quickdraw</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:235px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gunks_Traps_-_Pitons_on_Shockley%27s_Ceiling_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gunks_Traps_-_Pitons_on_Shockley%27s_Ceiling_-_2.jpg/177px-Gunks_Traps_-_Pitons_on_Shockley%27s_Ceiling_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gunks_Traps_-_Pitons_on_Shockley%27s_Ceiling_-_2.jpg/266px-Gunks_Traps_-_Pitons_on_Shockley%27s_Ceiling_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gunks_Traps_-_Pitons_on_Shockley%27s_Ceiling_-_2.jpg/354px-Gunks_Traps_-_Pitons_on_Shockley%27s_Ceiling_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Piton" title="Piton">Piton</a> with metal ring</div></div></div></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(climbing)" title="Bolt (climbing)">Bolts</a> are steel 1/2-inch <a href="/wiki/Expansion_bolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Expansion bolt">expansion bolts</a> are pre-drilled into the rock with a hand drill and tightened with a torque wrench. Some versions use a type of glue to anchor the bolt.<sup id="cite_ref-FoH13_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before insertion, a <a href="/wiki/Bolt_hanger" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolt hanger">bolt hanger</a> is attached into which carabiners and quickdraws can be clipped. Modern stainless steel – or the more expensive titanium, for even greater durability and/or harsher environments like sea cliffs – bolts last for over a decade but have a finite life span after which they must be replaced.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some bolted <a href="/wiki/Crag_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crag (climbing)">crags</a> use fixed <a href="/wiki/Permadraw" class="mw-redirect" title="Permadraw">permadraws</a>, which are on-site wire quickdraws that are permanently attached to the bolt hangers.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piton" title="Piton">Pitons</a> pre-date bolts and are steel spikes – the older versions were made from iron – that could be hammered into cracks in the rock and that have an eye-hole for attaching a carabiner (some would have pre-installed metal rings). Unlike bolts, pitons need a crack into which they can be hammered, and come in a wide variety of shapes and designs (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Piton#Styles_and_shapes" title="Piton">angles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piton#Styles_and_shapes" title="Piton">knifeblades</a>, lost arrows) to fit various cracks, and even micro-cracks like <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms#rurp" title="Glossary of climbing terms">RURPs</a>. Pitons have been largely replaced by the stronger bolts as the fixed protection of choice but are still an important part of big wall climbing and of aid climbing (but not clean aid climbing, which rules out any use of hammers).<sup id="cite_ref-FoH13_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aid_equipment">Aid equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Aid equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aid climbing uses several of the above devices but in a way that gives "aid" to the climber in ascending (e.g. pulling up on pitons and hooks). There are also a number of other pieces of equipment that are more exclusively associated with aid climbing.<sup id="cite_ref-MFOH15_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFOH15-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:362px;max-width:362px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Aid climbing equipment</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:66px;max-width:66px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:260px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laddder_aider.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Laddder_aider.jpg/64px-Laddder_aider.jpg" decoding="async" width="64" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Laddder_aider.jpg/96px-Laddder_aider.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Laddder_aider.jpg/128px-Laddder_aider.jpg 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="4029" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Aider" class="mw-redirect" title="Aider">Aider</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:260px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daisychainclimbing.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Daisychainclimbing.JPG/290px-Daisychainclimbing.JPG" decoding="async" width="290" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Daisychainclimbing.JPG/435px-Daisychainclimbing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Daisychainclimbing.JPG/580px-Daisychainclimbing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="1332" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Daisy_chain_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisy chain (climbing)">Daisy chain</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Copperheads.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Copperheads.jpg/127px-Copperheads.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Copperheads.jpg/191px-Copperheads.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Copperheads.jpg/254px-Copperheads.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(climbing)" title="Copperhead (climbing)">Copperhead</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:229px;max-width:229px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyhook.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Skyhook.jpg/227px-Skyhook.jpg" decoding="async" width="227" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Skyhook.jpg/341px-Skyhook.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Skyhook.jpg/454px-Skyhook.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Skyhook_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyhook (climbing)">Skyhook</a></div></div></div></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aider" class="mw-redirect" title="Aider">Aiders</a> (or the French <i>etriers</i>) are short 5–6 rung ladders made of lightweight webbing and are a central part of the technique of <a href="/wiki/Aid_climbing" title="Aid climbing">aid climbing</a>. They are normally used in pairs where the aid climber stands on one aider while clipping in the higher aider. Aiders can also come as "offset style" aiders, which are 5–6 stirrup-loops arranged on either side of a central rope, and as lightweight "adjustable style" aiders so the climber can create customized rung sizes.<sup id="cite_ref-MFOH15_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFOH15-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Daisy_chain"></span><a href="/wiki/Daisy_chain_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisy chain (climbing)">Daisy chains</a> are 1 to 1.5 metre-long webbing <a href="#Slings">slings</a> that have multiple small loops for carabiner attachment, which are made by stitching the sling at 8 to 15-centimetre intervals. Like aiders, daisy chains are also a central part of aid climbing. They are used to attach the harness to the aider. Care has to be taken not to clip into the loops incorrectly, which can cause the daisy chain to fail and rip apart (e.g. when trying to use it as a <a href="#Personal_Anchor_Systems">Personal Anchor System</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-MFOH15_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFOH15-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(climbing)" title="Copperhead (climbing)">Copperheads</a> (or "bashie") are a type of soft-metal nut, usually made from copper, which can be hammered into very thin cracks that are too small for even the narrowest piton. Copperheads are only used in aid climbing but their low strength means that they can only handle the "static bodyweight" of an ascending aid climber and will likely fail if the climber makes a dynamic fall. At times, climbers will "clean out" build-ups of copperheads on an aid climbing route.<sup id="cite_ref-MFOH15_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFOH15-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hook (climbing)">Hooks</a> are steel hooks of various shapes (e.g. bat hook, talon hook, grappling hook, etc.,) that are hung from cracks and flakes (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Fifi_hook" title="Fifi hook">fifi hook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skyhook_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyhook (climbing)">skyhook</a>). They are mostly used in aid climbing but have been used in extreme traditional climbing routes as a last resort where the hook placement may not withstand a dynamic fall. A particular type of hook is a <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms#rivet_hanger" title="Glossary of climbing terms">rivet hanger</a> that can be attached to old metal rivets–an example being Australian <a href="/wiki/Carrot_bolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrot bolt">carrot bolts</a>–permanently fastened into the rock face.<sup id="cite_ref-MFOH15_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFOH15-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing_hammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock climbing hammer">Rock climbing hammers</a> are a type of hammer made to insert various types of <a href="/wiki/Piton" title="Piton">pitons</a> while ascending routes; <a href="/wiki/Clean_aid_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Clean aid climbing">clean aid climbing</a> does not allow the use of hammers because all clean aid equipment must only be inserted on a temporary basis.<sup id="cite_ref-MFOH15_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFOH15-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clothing_equipment">Clothing equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Clothing equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rock climbers use several pieces of specialized clothing equipment including: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Five_Ten_Anasazi_Verde.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Modern rock climbing shoe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Five_Ten_Anasazi_Verde.jpg/220px-Five_Ten_Anasazi_Verde.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Five_Ten_Anasazi_Verde.jpg/330px-Five_Ten_Anasazi_Verde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Five_Ten_Anasazi_Verde.jpg/440px-Five_Ten_Anasazi_Verde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1265" /></a><figcaption>A modern rock <a href="/wiki/Climbing_shoe" title="Climbing shoe">climbing shoe</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belay_glasses" title="Belay glasses">Belay glasses</a> allow the belayer to look up at the lead climber without having to strain their neck upwards (i.e. the glasses are tilted upwards by 45 degrees), and are used when there is extensive belaying such as on long routes, or by climbing instructors.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Belay_gloves"></span>Belay gloves are used to protect the hands and are commonly needed on big wall climbing routes. Their construction from leather or other hard-wearing materials, generally improves grip with the rope, which lessens the risk of a failure of the belay system.<sup id="cite_ref-OUT45_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUT45-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing shoes">Climbing shoes</a> are designed to increase the friction, and thus the grip, between the foot and the climbing surface with a <a href="/wiki/Vulcanization" title="Vulcanization">vulcanized</a> rubber sole. Stiffer shoes are used for "edging" and softer soles for "smearing".<sup id="cite_ref-HTRC1_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTRC1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Climbing_helmet"></span>Climbing helmets protect the skull against falling debris such as rocks in alpine climbing or dropped pieces of equipment, as well as the impact forces on the head during a fall while climbing, particularly when the falling lead climber is flipped over.<sup id="cite_ref-FoH1_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoH1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HTRC1_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTRC1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miscellaneous_equipment">Miscellaneous equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rock climbers may also use a range of other specialized equipment including: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GIO.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Climber using a bouldering mat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/GIO.png/220px-GIO.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/GIO.png/330px-GIO.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/GIO.png/440px-GIO.png 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption>Climber using a <a href="/wiki/Bouldering_mat" title="Bouldering mat">bouldering mat</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering_mat" title="Bouldering mat">Bouldering mats</a> are used to protect boulder climbers from the frequent falls that happen in bouldering, which while shorter than other types of climbing, can be onto uneven or hard surfaces from awkward body positions, leading to injury.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Chalk"></span><a href="/wiki/Chalk_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalk (climbing)">Climbing chalk</a> is widely used by rock climbers to help absorb moisture on their hands;<sup id="cite_ref-CL55_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL55-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the chalk is kept in a "chalk bag" that is hung around the waist area. US boulderer <a href="/wiki/John_Gill_(climber)" title="John Gill (climber)">John Gill</a> is largely credited with introducing "gymnastic chalk" to climbing in the 1950s (he was a gymnast himself).<sup id="cite_ref-HTRC1_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTRC1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Gear_sling"></span>Gear slings are loops of webbing (often with some padding) worn diagonally across the chest on longer <a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">traditional climbing</a> routes (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing" title="Multi-pitch climbing">multi-pitch climbing</a>) when the climber cannot comfortably arrange their <a href="#Protection_devices#Temporary">protection equipment</a> on the gear loops of their <a href="#Harnesses">harnesses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CL55_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL55-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_guidebook" title="Climbing guidebook">Guidebooks</a> are hard-wearing books (i.e. they will be taken on the climb) outlining the key details of the <a href="/wiki/Climbing_route" title="Climbing route">climbing routes</a> including diagram (or <a href="/wiki/Topo_(climbing)" title="Topo (climbing)">topos</a>) of the routes and the <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)" title="Grade (climbing)">grades of difficulty</a> of each individual <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(climbing)" title="Pitch (climbing)">pitch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Haul_bag"></span>Haul bags are large tubular bags of hardwearing construction (so they can be dragged over rock) into which supplies and climbing equipment can be carried on long multi-pitch routes; commonly used in big wall climbing that calls them "pigs" due to the effort of hauling them up on <a href="#Pulleys">pulleys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CLHAUL_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLHAUL-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee_pad_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Knee pad (climbing)">Knee pads</a> are <a href="/wiki/Neoprene" title="Neoprene">neoprene</a> pads that are worn on the lower thigh to protect a climber when performing a <a href="/wiki/Knee_bar_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Knee bar (climbing)">knee bar</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-CL55_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL55-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> knee pads are credited with improving climbing standards and <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)" title="Grade (climbing)">climbing grades</a> and their use has become accepted in <a href="/wiki/Free_climbing" title="Free climbing">free climbing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgical_tape" title="Surgical tape">Medical tape</a> ("tape" can also refer to webbing) is used by climbers to prevent and repair skin injuries. For example, tape lessens skin damage while <a href="/wiki/Climbing_technique#jamming" title="Climbing technique">hand jamming</a> on rough granite surfaces; it is also used to cover skin that has been worn down on the fingers, while <a href="/wiki/Crack_climbing" title="Crack climbing">crack climbing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CL55_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL55-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_key" class="mw-redirect" title="Nut key">Nut tool</a> (or "nut key") is a metal tool used to help retrieve nuts and hexes that have become firmly wedged into cracks.<sup id="cite_ref-UKCMagazine_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKCMagazine-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lying_on_the_portaledge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lying on a portaledge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lying_on_the_portaledge.jpg/220px-Lying_on_the_portaledge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lying_on_the_portaledge.jpg/330px-Lying_on_the_portaledge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lying_on_the_portaledge.jpg/440px-Lying_on_the_portaledge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Climber lying on a portaledge</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portaledge" title="Portaledge">Portaledges</a> are used in big wall climbing as a temporary overnight sleeping platform; they are also used as a resting platform for long belays, which are typical on big wall aid climbing routes.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulley_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulley (climbing)">Pulleys</a> are used by big wall climbers to help bring up <a href="#Haul_bag">haul bags</a> and other pieces of equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stick_clip" class="mw-redirect" title="Stick clip">Stick clips</a> (or "clip sticks") are long poles with a quickdraw at one end which can be clipped into the first bolt of a sport climbing route by a climber standing on the ground; avoids the risk of a ground-fall before clipping into the first piece of protection.<sup id="cite_ref-ClimbingDictionary_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClimbingDictionary-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OUT45_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUT45-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_brush" title="Wire brush">Wire brushes</a> are used to clean holds, particularly at the higher <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)" title="Grade (climbing)">graded</a> <a href="/wiki/Climbing_routes" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing routes">climbing routes</a> where the holds are very small and need to be dry and free of any debris or vegetation to be usable; <a href="/wiki/Toothbrush" title="Toothbrush">toothbrushes</a> may be used to clean the smallest holds without damaging them.<sup id="cite_ref-UKCMagazine_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKCMagazine-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Training_equipment">Training equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Training equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various items of equipment are employed during climbing-specific training to strengthen the climber's fingers, tendons, and muscles: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Concet_Climbing_Solution_Hangboard_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A hangboard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Concet_Climbing_Solution_Hangboard_.jpg/220px-Concet_Climbing_Solution_Hangboard_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Concet_Climbing_Solution_Hangboard_.jpg/330px-Concet_Climbing_Solution_Hangboard_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Concet_Climbing_Solution_Hangboard_.jpg/440px-Concet_Climbing_Solution_Hangboard_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5065" data-file-height="3400" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Hangboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangboard">hangboard</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachar_ladder" title="Bachar ladder">Bachar ladder</a> is a narrow and flexible ladder, typically capable of being rolled up, made from metal, PVC, or webbing that is hung horizontally between two points – usually with one point higher to create a slope – that the climber ascends and descends the rungs using only their arm strength with no use is made of their feet; it is an early version of a campus board but that focused on arm strength and not hand/finger strength.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill2013_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill2013-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_board" title="Campus board">Campus board</a> is a series of horizontal rungs attached to an overhanging surface that is typically climbed up and down without the aid of the feet. When used properly, campus boards improve finger strength and also dynamic or <a href="/wiki/Plyometric" class="mw-redirect" title="Plyometric">plyometric</a>, muscle strength.<sup id="cite_ref-Gripped2_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gripped2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grippers" title="Grippers">Grip saver</a> is a small device that can help in developing the antagonist muscles to those used while gripping with the hand. Use of such a device can prevent the ligament injuries that are experienced by climbers.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangboard">Hangboard</a> (or "fingerboard") is related to the campus board and was developed to focus on building static arm and finger strength; it is a popular training tool for rock climbers and comes in many forms and materials.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonBoard" class="mw-redirect" title="MoonBoard">MoonBoard</a>. A rectangular section of <a href="/wiki/Climbing_wall" title="Climbing wall">climbing wall</a>, typically overhanging at 40 degrees, onto which <a href="/wiki/Climbing_hold" title="Climbing hold">climbing holds</a> have been fixed in a dense grid-like fashion; modern MoonBoards have almost 200 holds from which over 55,000 <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Bouldering" title="Grade (climbing)">graded boulder problems</a> have been created.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacturers">Manufacturers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Manufacturers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_and_mountaineering_equipment_brands" title="List of climbing and mountaineering equipment brands">List of climbing and mountaineering equipment brands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types">Types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing#Equipment" title="Alpine climbing">Alpine climbing equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caving_equipment" title="Caving equipment">Caving equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing_equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice climbing equipment">Ice climbing equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_climbing#Equipment" title="Mixed climbing">Mixed climbing equipment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ACMG-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ACMG_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACMG_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACMG_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACMG_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACMG_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACMG_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACMG_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACMG_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACMG_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACMG_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACMG_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFACMG2023" class="citation book cs1">ACMG (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3OnLEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22sling%22+%22runner%22+%22cord%22+%22climbing%22&pg=PA16">"Chapter 1: Materials and Equipment"</a>. <i>Climbing Guiding Manual</i>. <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Canadian_Mountain_Guides" title="Association of Canadian Mountain Guides">Association of Canadian Mountain Guides</a>. pp. 11–27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231101013919/https://books.google.com/books?id=3OnLEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22sling%22+%22runner%22+%22cord%22+%22climbing%22&pg=PA16">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+Materials+and+Equipment&rft.btitle=Climbing+Guiding+Manual&rft.pages=11-27&rft.pub=Association+of+Canadian+Mountain+Guides&rft.date=2023&rft.au=ACMG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3OnLEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522sling%2522%2B%2522runner%2522%2B%2522cord%2522%2B%2522climbing%2522%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FoH13-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FoH13_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH13_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH13_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH13_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH13_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH13_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH13_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH13_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH13_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH13_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH13_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH13_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH13_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Mountaineers2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Mountaineers_(club)" title="The Mountaineers (club)">The Mountaineers</a> (2018). "Chapter 13: Rock Protection". <i><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering:_The_Freedom_of_the_Hills" title="Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills">Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills</a></i> (9th ed.). Quiller Publishing. pp. 239–254. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1846892622" title="Special:BookSources/978-1846892622"><bdi>978-1846892622</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+13%3A+Rock+Protection&rft.btitle=Mountaineering%3A+The+Freedom+of+the+Hills&rft.pages=239-254&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Quiller+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1846892622&rft.au=The+Mountaineers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GJ-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GJ_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GJ_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack2022" class="citation web cs1">Black, Christian (3 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gearjunkie.com/climbing/rope-solo-rock-climbing-how-to">"Rope Solo Rock Climbing: Understanding How It's Done"</a>. <i>GearJunkie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305162813/https://gearjunkie.com/climbing/rope-solo-rock-climbing-how-to">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GearJunkie&rft.atitle=Rope+Solo+Rock+Climbing%3A+Understanding+How+It%27s+Done&rft.date=2022-02-03&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgearjunkie.com%2Fclimbing%2Frope-solo-rock-climbing-how-to&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UKC-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UKC_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UKC_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittaker2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pete_Whittaker" title="Pete Whittaker">Whittaker, Pete</a> (14 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/skills/series/pete_whittaker/how_to_rope_solo_-_with_pete_whittaker-11160">"How to Rope Solo"</a>. <i>UKClimbing</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230116204049/https://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/skills/series/pete_whittaker/how_to_rope_solo_-_with_pete_whittaker-11160">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UKClimbing&rft.atitle=How+to+Rope+Solo&rft.date=2018-08-14&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukclimbing.com%2Farticles%2Fskills%2Fseries%2Fpete_whittaker%2Fhow_to_rope_solo_-_with_pete_whittaker-11160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CL21-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CL21_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CL21_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWharton2022" class="citation web cs1">Wharton, Josh (25 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-toprope-solo/">"Top-rope soloing: How Josh Wharton Climbs Multi-pitches Faster and With Less Energy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102030243/https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-toprope-solo/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=Top-rope+soloing%3A+How+Josh+Wharton+Climbs+Multi-pitches+Faster+and+With+Less+Energy&rft.date=2022-08-25&rft.aulast=Wharton&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fskills%2Fhow-to-toprope-solo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MFOH15-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MFOH15_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MFOH15_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MFOH15_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MFOH15_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MFOH15_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MFOH15_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MFOH15_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MFOH15_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Mountaineers2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Mountaineers_(club)" title="The Mountaineers (club)">The Mountaineers</a> (2018). 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Quiller Publishing. pp. 276–317. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1846892622" title="Special:BookSources/978-1846892622"><bdi>978-1846892622</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapeter+15.+Aid+and+Big+Wall+Climbing&rft.btitle=Mountaineering%3A+The+Freedom+of+the+Hills&rft.pages=276-317&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Quiller+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1846892622&rft.au=The+Mountaineers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMC1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BMC1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMC1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiddleton2023" class="citation web cs1">Middleton, Dan (13 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebmc.co.uk/guidance-on-gear-recalls-and-safety-warnings?s=2">"Guidance on gear recalls and safety warnings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Mountaineering_Council" title="British Mountaineering Council">British Mountaineering Council</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003101626/https://www.thebmc.co.uk/guidance-on-gear-recalls-and-safety-warnings?s=2">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Mountaineering+Council&rft.atitle=Guidance+on+gear+recalls+and+safety+warnings&rft.date=2023-01-13&rft.aulast=Middleton&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebmc.co.uk%2Fguidance-on-gear-recalls-and-safety-warnings%3Fs%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNae1999" class="citation web cs1">McNae, Andy (4 October 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220522052552/https://www.thebmc.co.uk/climbing-equipment-standards">"Climbing equipment standards"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Mountaineering_Council" title="British Mountaineering Council">British Mountaineering Council</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebmc.co.uk/climbing-equipment-standards">the original</a> on 22 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Mountaineering+Council&rft.atitle=Climbing+equipment+standards&rft.date=1999-10-04&rft.aulast=McNae&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebmc.co.uk%2Fclimbing-equipment-standards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiddleton2019" class="citation web cs1">Middleton, Daniel (8 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebmc.co.uk/technical-equipment">"Behind the scenes: equipment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Mountaineering_Council" title="British Mountaineering Council">British Mountaineering Council</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003101622/https://www.thebmc.co.uk/technical-equipment">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Mountaineering+Council&rft.atitle=Behind+the+scenes%3A+equipment&rft.date=2019-10-08&rft.aulast=Middleton&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebmc.co.uk%2Ftechnical-equipment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CL11-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CL11_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CL11_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CL11_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaunders2018" class="citation web cs1">Saunders, Samantha (18 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/gear/behind-the-scenes-how-climbing-harnesses-are-designed-and-tested/">"Behind the Scenes: How Climbing Harnesses Are Designed and Tested"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220927144714/https://www.climbing.com/gear/behind-the-scenes-how-climbing-harnesses-are-designed-and-tested/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Scenes%3A+How+Climbing+Harnesses+Are+Designed+and+Tested&rft.date=2018-10-18&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fgear%2Fbehind-the-scenes-how-climbing-harnesses-are-designed-and-tested%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FoH1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FoH1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH1_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH1_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH1_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH1_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH1_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH1_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoH1_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Mountaineers2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Mountaineers_(club)" title="The Mountaineers (club)">The Mountaineers</a> (2018). "Chapter 9: Basic Safety System". <i><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering:_The_Freedom_of_the_Hills" title="Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills">Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills</a></i> (9th ed.). Quiller Publishing. pp. 134–154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1846892622" title="Special:BookSources/978-1846892622"><bdi>978-1846892622</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+9%3A+Basic+Safety+System&rft.btitle=Mountaineering%3A+The+Freedom+of+the+Hills&rft.pages=134-154&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Quiller+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1846892622&rft.au=The+Mountaineers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CLROPE-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CLROPE_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CLROPE_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2022" class="citation web cs1">Potter, Stephen (25 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/gear/a-beginners-guide-to-climbing-ropes/">"Your Complete Guide to Rock Climbing Ropes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=Your+Complete+Guide+to+Rock+Climbing+Ropes&rft.date=2022-07-25&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fgear%2Fa-beginners-guide-to-climbing-ropes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiddelton2016" class="citation web cs1">Middelton, Daniel (17 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebmc.co.uk/slings-for-climbers">"Slings for climbers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Mountaineering_Council" title="British Mountaineering Council">British Mountaineering Council</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230914194427/https://www.thebmc.co.uk/slings-for-climbers">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Mountaineering+Council&rft.atitle=Slings+for+climbers&rft.date=2016-03-17&rft.aulast=Middelton&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebmc.co.uk%2Fslings-for-climbers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HTRC10-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HTRC10_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HTRC10_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HTRC10_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HTRC10_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HTRC10_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongGaines2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Long_(climber)" title="John Long (climber)">Long, John</a>; Gaines, Bob (August 2022). "Chapter 10: Rappelling and Rope Ascending". <i>How to Rock Climb</i> (6th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Globe_Pequot_Press" title="Globe Pequot Press">Falcon Guides</a>. pp. 285–290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1493056262" title="Special:BookSources/978-1493056262"><bdi>978-1493056262</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+10%3A+Rappelling+and+Rope+Ascending&rft.btitle=How+to+Rock+Climb&rft.pages=285-290&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Falcon+Guides&rft.date=2022-08&rft.isbn=978-1493056262&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Gaines%2C+Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2023" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Jason (30 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/skills/building-anchors-bad-rock/">"How to Build an Anchor in Poor Rock"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=How+to+Build+an+Anchor+in+Poor+Rock&rft.date=2023-01-30&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fskills%2Fbuilding-anchors-bad-rock%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiddelton2014" class="citation web cs1">Middelton, Daniel (2 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebmc.co.uk/karabiners-and-connectors-for-climbers">"Karabiners and connectors for climbers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Mountaineering_Council" title="British Mountaineering Council">British Mountaineering Council</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230914194423/https://www.thebmc.co.uk/karabiners-and-connectors-for-climbers">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Mountaineering+Council&rft.atitle=Karabiners+and+connectors+for+climbers&rft.date=2014-09-02&rft.aulast=Middelton&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebmc.co.uk%2Fkarabiners-and-connectors-for-climbers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawes2015" class="citation web cs1">Dawes, Carey (16 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebmc.co.uk/get-into-via-ferrata-the-gear">"Get into via ferrata: the gear"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Mountaineering_Council" title="British Mountaineering Council">British Mountaineering Council</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231205083707/https://www.thebmc.co.uk/get-into-via-ferrata-the-gear">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Mountaineering+Council&rft.atitle=Get+into+via+ferrata%3A+the+gear&rft.date=2015-07-16&rft.aulast=Dawes&rft.aufirst=Carey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebmc.co.uk%2Fget-into-via-ferrata-the-gear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HTRCPAS-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HTRCPAS_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongGaines2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Long_(climber)" title="John Long (climber)">Long, John</a>; Gaines, Bob (August 2022). <i>How to Rock Climb</i> (6th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Globe_Pequot_Press" title="Globe Pequot Press">Falcon Guides</a>. p. 270. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1493056262" title="Special:BookSources/978-1493056262"><bdi>978-1493056262</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Rock+Climb&rft.pages=270&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Falcon+Guides&rft.date=2022-08&rft.isbn=978-1493056262&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Gaines%2C+Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiddelton2014" class="citation web cs1">Middelton, Daniel (25 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebmc.co.uk/quickdraws-a-guide-for-climbers">"Quickdraws: a guide for climbers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Mountaineering_Council" title="British Mountaineering Council">British Mountaineering Council</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230914194424/https://www.thebmc.co.uk/quickdraws-a-guide-for-climbers">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Mountaineering+Council&rft.atitle=Quickdraws%3A+a+guide+for+climbers&rft.date=2014-09-25&rft.aulast=Middelton&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebmc.co.uk%2Fquickdraws-a-guide-for-climbers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CL55-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CL55_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CL55_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CL55_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CL55_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CL55_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErickson2022" class="citation web cs1">Erickson, Jim (9 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/gear/cllimbing-gear-history-erickson/">"How Climbing Gear Has Evolved Over the Past 50 Years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003330/https://www.climbing.com/gear/cllimbing-gear-history-erickson/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=How+Climbing+Gear+Has+Evolved+Over+the+Past+50+Years&rft.date=2022-09-09&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fgear%2Fcllimbing-gear-history-erickson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HTRC-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HTRC_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HTRC_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongGaines2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Long_(climber)" title="John Long (climber)">Long, John</a>; Gaines, Bob (August 2022). "Chapter 3: Belay Devices, Carabiners, Slings and Quickdraws". <i>How to Rock Climb</i> (6th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Globe_Pequot_Press" title="Globe Pequot Press">Falcon Guides</a>. pp. 31–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1493056262" title="Special:BookSources/978-1493056262"><bdi>978-1493056262</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+Belay+Devices%2C+Carabiners%2C+Slings+and+Quickdraws&rft.btitle=How+to+Rock+Climb&rft.pages=31-54&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Falcon+Guides&rft.date=2022-08&rft.isbn=978-1493056262&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Gaines%2C+Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CL20-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CL20_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAchs2016" class="citation web cs1">Achs, Jordan (2 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/skills/no-belayer-necessary-understanding-autobelays/">"No Belayer Necessary: Understanding Autobelays"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=No+Belayer+Necessary%3A+Understanding+Autobelays&rft.date=2016-07-02&rft.aulast=Achs&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fskills%2Fno-belayer-necessary-understanding-autobelays%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CLHAUL-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CLHAUL_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CLHAUL_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAchey2023" class="citation web cs1">Achey, Jeff (14 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-haul-pack-climbing/">"Haul Your Pack to Climb Faster and Harder"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=Haul+Your+Pack+to+Climb+Faster+and+Harder&rft.date=2023-06-14&rft.aulast=Achey&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fskills%2Fhow-to-haul-pack-climbing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Leuven2017" class="citation web cs1">Van Leuven, Chris (17 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/gear/the-history-of-friends/">"The History of Friends"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230130113929/https://www.climbing.com/gear/the-history-of-friends/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Friends&rft.date=2017-07-17&rft.aulast=Van+Leuven&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fgear%2Fthe-history-of-friends%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPack2016" class="citation web cs1">Pack, Pamela (18 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/skills/learn-this-offwidth-protection-primer/">"Learn This: Offwidth Protection Primer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417132325/https://www.climbing.com/skills/learn-this-offwidth-protection-primer/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=Learn+This%3A+Offwidth+Protection+Primer&rft.date=2016-04-18&rft.aulast=Pack&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fskills%2Flearn-this-offwidth-protection-primer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenley2020" class="citation web cs1">Renley, Emma (3 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gearjunkie.com/climbing/extreme-off-width-trad-climbing-gear">"The Weirdest & Widest Trad Gear for Off-Width Climbing"</a>. <i>GearJunkie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030115754/https://gearjunkie.com/climbing/extreme-off-width-trad-climbing-gear">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gripped+Magazine&rft.atitle=Grading%3A+Adam+Ondra+and+Alex+Megos+on+Ethics+and+Kneepads&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgripped.com%2Fnews%2Frock%2Fgrading-ondra-and-megos-on-ethics-and-kneepads%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UKCMagazine-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UKCMagazine_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UKCMagazine_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBateArthur2006" class="citation web cs1">Bate, Chris; Arthur, Charles; et al. (8 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/features/a_glossary_of_climbing_terms_from_abseil_to_zawn-33">"A Glossary of Climbing terms: from Abseil to Zawn"</a>. <i>UK Climbing</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429181945/https://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/features/a_glossary_of_climbing_terms_from_abseil_to_zawn-33">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Climbing&rft.atitle=A+Glossary+of+Climbing+terms%3A+from+Abseil+to+Zawn&rft.date=2006-05-08&rft.aulast=Bate&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Arthur%2C+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukclimbing.com%2Farticles%2Ffeatures%2Fa_glossary_of_climbing_terms_from_abseil_to_zawn-33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiGiulian2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sasha_DiGiulian" title="Sasha DiGiulian">DiGiulian, Sasha</a> (18 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/climbing/what-lifes-really-portaledge/">"What Life's Really Like 1,400 Feet Up a Big Wall"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Outside_(magazine)" title="Outside (magazine)">Outside</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230129231048/https://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/climbing/what-lifes-really-portaledge/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outside&rft.atitle=What+Life%E2%80%99s+Really+Like+1%2C400+Feet+Up+a+Big+Wall&rft.date=2017-08-18&rft.aulast=DiGiulian&rft.aufirst=Sasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outsideonline.com%2Foutdoor-adventure%2Fclimbing%2Fwhat-lifes-really-portaledge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSynott2022" class="citation web cs1">Synott, Mark (23 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-climb-a-big-wall/">"Everything You Need to Know for Your First Big Wall"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209023304/https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-climb-a-big-wall/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=Everything+You+Need+to+Know+for+Your+First+Big+Wall&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft.aulast=Synott&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fskills%2Fhow-to-climb-a-big-wall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ClimbingDictionary-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ClimbingDictionary_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimbing_Staff2022" class="citation web cs1">Climbing Staff (4 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/news/rock-climbing-terms-definitions/">"What's A Redpoint And What Do Other Climbing Terms Mean? Our Climbing Dictionary Has The Answers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205165258/https://www.climbing.com/news/rock-climbing-terms-definitions/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=What%27s+A+Redpoint+And+What+Do+Other+Climbing+Terms+Mean%3F+Our+Climbing+Dictionary+Has+The+Answers&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft.au=Climbing+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fnews%2Frock-climbing-terms-definitions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hill2013-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hill2013_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPete_Hill2013" class="citation book cs1">Pete Hill (18 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1xW-r4gaP0gC&pg=PA21"><i>Indoor Climbing: Skills for climbing wall users and instructors</i></a>. Cicerone Press Limited. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84965-858-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84965-858-4"><bdi>978-1-84965-858-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indoor+Climbing%3A+Skills+for+climbing+wall+users+and+instructors&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Cicerone+Press+Limited&rft.date=2013-02-18&rft.isbn=978-1-84965-858-4&rft.au=Pete+Hill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1xW-r4gaP0gC%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gripped2-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gripped2_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2022" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Noah (9 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gripped.com/indoor-climbing/a-beginners-guide-to-campus-board-training/">"A Beginner's Guide to Campus Board Training"</a>. <i>Gripped</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221129100842/https://gripped.com/indoor-climbing/a-beginners-guide-to-campus-board-training/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gripped&rft.atitle=A+Beginner%27s+Guide+to+Campus+Board+Training&rft.date=2022-09-09&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgripped.com%2Findoor-climbing%2Fa-beginners-guide-to-campus-board-training%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtheclimbingdoctor2018" class="citation web cs1">theclimbingdoctor (26 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theclimbingdoctor.com/rock-climbing-injury-tips-finger-pulley-sprain/">"Rock Climbing Injury Tips: Finger Extensor Strengthening"</a>. <i>The Climbing Doctor</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505202644/https://theclimbingdoctor.com/rock-climbing-injury-tips-finger-pulley-sprain/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Climbing+Doctor&rft.atitle=Rock+Climbing+Injury+Tips%3A+Finger+Extensor+Strengthening&rft.date=2018-12-26&rft.au=theclimbingdoctor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheclimbingdoctor.com%2Frock-climbing-injury-tips-finger-pulley-sprain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorrigan2022" class="citation web cs1">Corrigan, Kevin (6 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/skills/hangboarding-easier-or-harder/">"Hangboarding For Everyone"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202100422/https://www.climbing.com/skills/hangboarding-easier-or-harder/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=Hangboarding+For+Everyone&rft.date=2022-10-06&rft.aulast=Corrigan&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fskills%2Fhangboarding-easier-or-harder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gripped.com/indoor-climbing/the-history-of-the-moonboard-by-ben-moon/">"The History of the MoonBoard by Ben Moon"</a>. <i>Gripped Magazine</i>. 17 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240621222252/https://gripped.com/indoor-climbing/the-history-of-the-moonboard-by-ben-moon/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gripped+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+MoonBoard+by+Ben+Moon&rft.date=2018-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgripped.com%2Findoor-climbing%2Fthe-history-of-the-moonboard-by-ben-moon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamet2023" class="citation web cs1">Samet, Matt (13 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/skills/why-to-use-a-moonboard/">"I was a doubter. Now the MoonBoard is My Go-to Training Tool"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206210556/https://www.climbing.com/skills/why-to-use-a-moonboard/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=I+was+a+doubter.+Now+the+MoonBoard+is+My+Go-to+Training+Tool&rft.date=2023-04-13&rft.aulast=Samet&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fskills%2Fwhy-to-use-a-moonboard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3OnLEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22sling%22+%22runner%22+%22cord%22+%22climbing%22&pg=PA16"><i>Climbing Guiding Manual</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Canadian_Mountain_Guides" title="Association of Canadian Mountain Guides">Association of Canadian Mountain Guides</a>. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Climbing+Guiding+Manual&rft.pub=Association+of+Canadian+Mountain+Guides&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3OnLEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522sling%2522%2B%2522runner%2522%2B%2522cord%2522%2B%2522climbing%2522%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongGaines2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Long_(climber)" title="John Long (climber)">Long, John</a>; Gaines, Bob (August 2022). <i>How to Rock Climb</i> (6th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Globe_Pequot_Press" title="Globe Pequot Press">Falcon Guides</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1493056262" title="Special:BookSources/978-1493056262"><bdi>978-1493056262</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Rock+Climb&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Falcon+Guides&rft.date=2022-08&rft.isbn=978-1493056262&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Gaines%2C+Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Mountaineers2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Mountaineers_(club)" title="The Mountaineers (club)">The Mountaineers</a> (2018). <i><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering:_The_Freedom_of_the_Hills" title="Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills">Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills</a></i> (9th ed.). Quiller Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1846892622" title="Special:BookSources/978-1846892622"><bdi>978-1846892622</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mountaineering%3A+The+Freedom+of+the+Hills&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Quiller+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1846892622&rft.au=The+Mountaineers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroftLong2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Croft_(climber)" title="Peter Croft (climber)">Croft, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Long_(climber)" title="John Long (climber)">Long, John</a> (2014). <i>Trad Climbers Bible</i> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Guides" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcon Guides">Falcon Guides</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0762783724" title="Special:BookSources/978-0762783724"><bdi>978-0762783724</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trad+Climbers+Bible&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Falcon+Guides&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0762783724&rft.aulast=Croft&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Long%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock-climbing+equipment" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock-climbing_equipment&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Climbing_equipment" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Climbing equipment">Climbing equipment</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/climbing-trad-checklist.html">Traditional Climbing Checklist</a>, <a href="/wiki/REI" title="REI">REI</a> (2023)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/sport-climbing-checklist.html">Sport Climbing Checklist</a>, <a href="/wiki/REI" title="REI">REI</a> (2023)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mec.ca/en/explore/rock-climbing-checklist">Rock climbing equipment checklist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Equipment_Co-op" title="Mountain Equipment Co-op">Mountain Equipment Co-op</a> (2023)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Climbing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Climbing" title="Template:Climbing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Climbing" title="Template talk:Climbing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Climbing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">Climbing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">Rock climbing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing#Types_of_rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">Disciplines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_climbing" title="Aid climbing">Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">Big wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing" title="Multi-pitch climbing">Multi-pitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering" title="Bouldering">Bouldering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering#Highball_bouldering" title="Bouldering">Highball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Competition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speed_climbing" title="Speed climbing">Speed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_climbing" title="Free climbing">Free</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_climbing" title="Solo climbing">Solo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_solo_climbing" title="Free solo climbing">Free solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-water_soloing" title="Deep-water soloing">Deep-water solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_solo_climbing" title="Rope solo climbing">Rope solo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_rope_climbing" title="Top rope climbing">Top roping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climbing_route#Types_of_routes" title="Climbing route">Route types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crack_climbing" title="Crack climbing">Crack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_climbing" title="Face climbing">Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(climbing)" title="Overhang (climbing)">Overhang / Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_climbing" title="Slab climbing">Slab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">Mountaineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">Alpine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Via_ferrata" title="Via ferrata">Via ferrata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Himalayan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine style">Alpine style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_climbing" title="Expedition climbing">Expedition style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Ice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_climbing" title="Mixed climbing">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry-tooling" title="Dry-tooling">Dry-tooling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrambling" title="Scrambling">Scrambling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillwalking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillwalking">Hillwalking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buildering" title="Buildering">Buildering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyoning" title="Canyoning">Canyoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_climbing" title="Crane climbing">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_climbing" title="Grass climbing">Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_access" title="Rope access">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_climbing" title="Pole climbing">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ropes_course" title="Ropes course">Ropes course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooftopping" title="Rooftopping">Rooftopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_and_tunnel_hacking" title="Roof and tunnel hacking">Roof and tunnel hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_Climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Slide Climbing">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_climbing" title="Tree climbing">Tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alpine_clubs" title="List of alpine clubs">Alpine clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbers_and_mountaineers" title="List of climbers and mountaineers">Climbers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piolet_d%27Or" class="mw-redirect" title="Piolet d'Or">Piolet d'Or winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFSC_Climbing_World_Cup" title="IFSC Climbing World Cup">IFSC World Cup winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFSC_Climbing_World_Championships" title="IFSC Climbing World Championships">IFSC World Championships winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_career_IFSC_victories_by_climber" title="Ranking of career IFSC victories by climber">IFSC victories</a></li></ul></li> <li>Deaths <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_on_eight-thousanders" title="List of deaths on eight-thousanders">Eight-thousanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_died_climbing_Mount_Everest" title="List of people who died climbing Mount Everest">Everest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_equipment" title="Climbing equipment">Equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_and_mountaineering_equipment_brands" title="List of climbing and mountaineering equipment brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_knots" title="List of climbing knots">Knots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rock_climbing" title="History of rock climbing">Historical events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grade_milestones_in_rock_climbing" title="List of grade milestones in rock climbing">Grade milestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_of_mountain_summits" title="List of first ascents of mountain summits">First ascents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_technique" title="Climbing technique">Technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms" title="Glossary of climbing terms">Terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climbing_equipment" title="Climbing equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aider" class="mw-redirect" title="Aider">Aider</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_chain_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisy chain (climbing)">Daisy chain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_(climbing)" title="Anchor (climbing)">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascender_(climbing)" title="Ascender (climbing)">Ascender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petzl_Croll" title="Petzl Croll">Croll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belay_device" title="Belay device">Belay device</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_belay" title="Auto belay">Auto belay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belay_glasses" title="Belay glasses">Glasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belay_gloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Belay gloves">Gloves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(climbing)" title="Bolt (climbing)">Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering_mat" title="Bouldering mat">Boulder mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabiner" title="Carabiner">Carabiner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maillon" title="Maillon">Maillon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_rope" title="Climbing rope">Climbing rope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cord_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cord (climbing)">Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_rope" title="Dynamic rope">Dynamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Static_rope" title="Static rope">Static</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_chalk" title="Liquid chalk">Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descender_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Descender (climbing)">Descenders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Figure_8_(climbing)" title="Figure 8 (climbing)">Figure-8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_harness" title="Climbing harness">Harness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hook (climbing)">Hooks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifi_hook" title="Fifi hook">Fifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyhook_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyhook (climbing)">Skyhook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing_hammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock climbing hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hex_(climbing)" title="Hex (climbing)">Hex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanyard_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanyard (climbing)">Lanyard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_anchor_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal anchor system">PAC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(climbing)" title="Nut (climbing)">Nut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(climbing)" title="Copperhead (climbing)">Copperhead</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piton" title="Piton">Piton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portaledge" title="Portaledge">Portaledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickdraw" title="Quickdraw">Quickdraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-locking_device" title="Self-locking device">SLDs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grigri" title="Grigri">Grigri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revo_(climbing)" title="Revo (climbing)">Revo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_(climbing_equipment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sling (climbing equipment)">Sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring-loaded_camming_device" title="Spring-loaded camming device">SLCDs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camalot" title="Camalot">Camalot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_shoe" title="Climbing shoe">Shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricam" title="Tricam">Tricam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing#Equipment" title="Ice climbing">Ice and snow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpenstock" title="Alpenstock">Alpenstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abalakov_thread" title="Abalakov thread">Abalakov thread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottled_oxygen_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottled oxygen (climbing)">Bottled oxygen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crampons" title="Crampons">Crampons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_axe" title="Ice axe">Ice axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_tool" title="Ice tool">Ice tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_screw" title="Ice screw">Ice screw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering_boot" title="Mountaineering boot">Mountaineering boot</a></li> <li>Rescue <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_cord" title="Avalanche cord">Avalanche cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RECCO" title="RECCO">RECCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_transceiver" title="Avalanche transceiver">Transeiver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_anchor" title="Snow anchor">Snow anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">Snowshoe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abseiling" title="Abseiling">Abseiling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rappel" title="Australian rappel">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BClfersitz" title="Dülfersitz">Dülfersitz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaying" title="Belaying">Belaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_pointing" title="Front pointing">Front pointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glissade_(climbing)" title="Glissade (climbing)">Glissading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_rope" title="Fixed rope">Jumaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_climbing" title="Lead climbing">Leading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash (climbing)">Flashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsight" class="mw-redirect" title="Onsight">Onsighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redpoint_(climbing)" title="Redpoint (climbing)">Redpointing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_rescue" title="Mountain rescue">Rescue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crevasse_rescue" title="Crevasse rescue">Crevasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_rescue_(climbing)" title="Self rescue (climbing)">Self</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-arrest" title="Self-arrest">Self-arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simul-climbing" title="Simul-climbing">Simul-climbing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rope_team" title="Rope team">Rope team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotting_(climbing)" title="Spotting (climbing)">Spotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_(climbing)" title="Traverse (climbing)">Traversing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyrolean_traverse" title="Tyrolean traverse">Tyrolean</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ape_index" title="Ape index">Ape index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Approach_shoe" title="Approach shoe">Approach shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_climbing" title="Clean climbing">Clean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_route" title="Climbing route">Climbing route</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_(climbing)" title="Beta (climbing)">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_guidebook" title="Climbing guidebook">Guidebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_wall" title="Climbing wall">Climbing wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipping_(climbing)" title="Chipping (climbing)">Chipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_ascent" title="First ascent">First ascent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(climbing)" title="Pitch (climbing)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topo_(climbing)" title="Topo (climbing)">Topo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_(heights)" title="Exposure (heights)">Exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_factor" title="Fall factor">Fall factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)" title="Grade (climbing)">Grades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_guide" title="Mountain guide">Guides</a></li> <li>Training <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachar_ladder" title="Bachar ladder">Bachar ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_board" title="Campus board">Campus board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangboard">Hangboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonBoard" class="mw-redirect" title="MoonBoard">MoonBoard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines and journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Journal" title="Alpine Journal">Alpine Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alpinist_(magazine)" title="Alpinist (magazine)">Alpinist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Alpine_Journal" title="American Alpine Journal">American Alpine Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alpine_Journal" title="Canadian Alpine Journal">Canadian Alpine Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Desnivel" title="Desnivel">Desnivel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Journal" title="Himalayan Journal">Himalayan Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planinski_Vestnik" title="Planinski Vestnik">Planinski Vestnik</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Ice" title="Rock & Ice">Rock & Ice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summit_(magazine)" title="Summit (magazine)">Summit</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Alpinist" title="The Alpinist">The Alpinist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(film)" title="El Capitan (film)">El Capitan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dawn_Wall" title="The Dawn Wall">The Dawn Wall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_Solo" title="Free Solo">Free Solo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Grit" title="Hard Grit">Hard Grit</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Diamond_Equipment" title="Black Diamond Equipment">Black Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAMP_(company)" title="CAMP (company)">CAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Designs" title="Cascade Designs">Cascade Designs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuter_Sport" title="Deuter Sport">Deuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Winters" title="Early Winters">Early Winters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mountain_Sports" title="Eastern Mountain Sports">Eastern Mountain Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ten_Footwear" title="Five Ten Footwear">Five Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frostline_Kits" title="Frostline Kits">Frostline Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_(company)" title="Gerry (company)">GERRY Mountain Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grivel_(company)" title="Grivel (company)">Grivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holubar_Mountaineering" title="Holubar Mountaineering">Holubar Mountaineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JanSport" title="JanSport">JanSport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellwood_Company" title="Kellwood Company">Sierra Designs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelty_(company)" title="Kelty (company)">Kelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Sportiva" title="La Sportiva">La Sportiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowe_Alpine" title="Lowe Alpine">Lowe Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammut_Sports_Group" title="Mammut Sports Group">Mammut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmot_(company)" title="Marmot (company)">Marmot Mountain Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet_(manufacturer)" title="Millet (manufacturer)">Millet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Equipment_Co-op" title="Mountain Equipment Co-op">Mountain Equipment Co-op</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Safety_Research" title="Mountain Safety Research">Mountain Safety Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outdoor_Research" title="Outdoor Research">Outdoor Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc." title="Patagonia, Inc.">Patagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petzl" title="Petzl">Petzl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_(company)" title="Rab (company)">Rab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_Equipment,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational Equipment, Inc.">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_North_Face" title="The North Face">The North Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therm-a-Rest" title="Therm-a-Rest">Therm-a-Rest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Country_(company)" title="Wild Country (company)">Wild Country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climbing_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing clubs">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Access_Fund" title="The Access Fund">Access Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Club_(UK)" title="Alpine Club (UK)">Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Club_of_Canada" title="Alpine Club of Canada">Alpine Club of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Alpine_Club" title="American Alpine Club">American Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountain_Club" title="Appalachian Mountain Club">Appalachian Mountain Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Alpine_Club" title="Austrian Alpine Club">Austrian Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Mountaineering_Council" title="British Mountaineering Council">British Mountaineering Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Alpin_Fran%C3%A7ais" class="mw-redirect" title="Club Alpin Français">Club Alpin Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Alpino_Italiano" title="Club Alpino Italiano">Club Alpino Italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Deportes_de_Monta%C3%B1a_y_Escalada" class="mw-redirect" title="Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada">Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_de_la_montagne_et_de_l%27escalade" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade">Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Alpine_Club" title="German Alpine Club">German Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Climbing_Federation" title="South African National Climbing Federation">South African Climbing Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol_Alpine_Club" title="South Tyrol Alpine Club">South Tyrol Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alpine_Club" title="Swiss Alpine Club">Swiss Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Climbing" title="USA Climbing">USA Climbing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Sport_Climbing" title="International Federation of Sport Climbing">International Federation of Sport Climbing</a> (IFSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Climbing_and_Mountaineering_Federation" title="International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation">International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation</a> (UIAA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UIAGM" class="mw-redirect" title="UIAGM">Union Internationale des Associations de Guides de Montagnes</a> (UIAGM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_International_Mountain_Leader_Associations" title="Union of International Mountain Leader Associations">Union of International Mountain Leader Associations</a> (UIMLA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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