CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135eae46fa4833f',cH: 'VZ4MBuKeG8Sj_qEm3_6iTulK.pyzX5C8laos6Js6m1E-1739796777-1.2.1.1-U4E6eEvT18KpltQHK4mhbYX30NS4n378bVIqJstpNFlCz.FEB2OloTJcPhrL6llA',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=recommender%20system&__cf_chl_tk=GfgB1_2hGI0D_TM1lp2SMbDZWzjDlQGjZ7NBpSI1Kis-1739796777-1.0.1.1-m5xj9XJWSUkfZOU7_6DNwKYaPk6EihdHkhMupAcyM_A",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739796777',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=recommender%20system&__cf_chl_f_tk=GfgB1_2hGI0D_TM1lp2SMbDZWzjDlQGjZ7NBpSI1Kis-1739796777-1.0.1.1-m5xj9XJWSUkfZOU7_6DNwKYaPk6EihdHkhMupAcyM_A",md: "Sm_0u29BLuEw.3640sdVEYBZbwWekdX5Jxzq8xHxwlQ-1739796777-1.2.1.1-21oiwZ6D.uDg3iOABX4gEkfI98Sjt7cjiF2vA8IkprCA26qiPgDMK2_mRnKn1fXFR2Ih8kcdnY_l05RVFuIWx3jZzFeRXjRNDGj6hkUnMHlo7W7fcB8zHXDyhIRQup47QtfGRH9PIiPHxnynY2XACr2kMJpJqFtMI_fIts1NjdO1SGx.dr1QPa_R6dI889q0jRkvK2d5pluafeQk61oCqpHbP8lfs5c_z85uUEjEimi3TJYfcj_yoMdobTzGgD_t9qxUIUtaxMP5ztybo7uEyAVQkNBkAS80y3Pfke7PqZpC6YlgclcuxidmckOc7OaN1N9K_ZLz29E4Sl5aqxe3CXetvpGjzTEXZPax9vtZwp.Wgi48A0hl4_6b1_GJcD91qvlX8lT4ArtOVD5BzLHyhpkL8bDIN77C1FRpw0qNkU6uwlm8gVAAz9fDyxHdKhA5rsuAL_68koa05HZOfwwoWJmyrsRP0NTEQ4PXyFKLjEnhe7OPUAz.spjovemfSJ2uCp2tcMK_QyNVgDlTyJG8dTo.wXBZQAhRMArEkrVxVgcr5KcEImyVji4hKSp1A3itEEiEmYO35z2HZEDD78iYZWlBnEl6qGV5.ajV.vv1qoYubxpRd2vVryH2eo8f335hR50oczOBzEG.5s8H0BoeJ0yXsLA4_P.Z6onT5e5YjnO5tOCmajl_fLRz_9E9qKLiFGQmW6L3AkYFoEPxAxJFGLjjjv1cnbB8DfLz1ZxbisWxkRGq6qyJ9UaRg8WrsVzx_a9m3kVrdSpNtzKQIqw0TYdOUE6t8BPIwlR5tP5L0ogZNMqbKS2wVjAKyBmSElw_QUL9JYiwRY_tkRbsyDXSqah7OUJTym4v4A.1DAAkhdUbbeibp5rcqa96WvENIfM2aToOIjDNLKiYCaLknuG1W7LO7Viemk0zIc_wA0cuD.mta9UjNNoDrHua5XcOxzZQX6xMm7t_xbQLMYJhS4XWm9RAKq7.IvuZn..isYl2FLhOgJlfwj33h2xNJp175HImHtwXJp2dIoUPxnnTkkJFrOQTT1RKXq8lw6LvXODssnYgoiunLklO7jQWKvFZyNiWOaWDZL2w4kAJUMFR7aAKcuE0l7rXPF.YzrTeB3BYYm7AdqH3pZ6HZB0KjSo3Rk3IK3FWRynjXb9y25rTtTdSKT4uNh0ecuf8fbKy_0cLIDZeHwzCwR4phSBZyuFKAhP1HDk2C6Gwq71VlNPOL_ODmJZBjChBS.B7levTfPAjLQg0ZMkDZhhPNiA37nnMdIwPgvIfLWCvVvT7JZmD4H3vNQB1DBQ2E7iAhtvVnIbIdd8_hr_CHJw8wibdQgVVixlKCwcw6NEl82LJGE.N5ih8VmY9y2VVFh0IrKn.4Jl6X.QEQvzobMTcOKiy1nWtFfZBWh9eIW_NQKHALBSfbMaTEB8vxnCQKljwmB_UfFo9wPF.sL1x9f2Cp7NElmNETlbaA56B7adQQp9sCGl_i7d5pliziaYfO0cUQc42dZgprg6hM4PZaQscdkRfo81_YtX7yh6ujVnYJECOaKnvNkIC1gXnm6mv2o64utqc.eR6Hc7v0GCyHkOLUQwTArIXyfccm0BPNLCmML0BODY6iN8JFVkVhKvf3Av08kFXCmgIXCg0oXzCuCQher6_sdoVMv1xGeIVh.vXMD8FV1NW2KfIijSreu03e3T9Fd4KnTaYIjotLjRtaJwLuMN8tYrEkPSQwEgJAaTzOT6POYbLuuxkL_sJ3Gp6niESbc1duXN3w9VB71g570Q06FDdsPuK59YZamUFA5U.SBSR70.UJ74LqXFLrvrHLCOjCvEJnkSIjXS3xLGKMNetgOb_L_FSOMSkvqEhDkTVrQrt0V7E_FL0s4nTe65PKKAm03lliL34QRcGD3GsXPZNatnUCx.xXyFRjUO6gFnyo4IQdz4zGRRCS.RT54O3ZIMNZFPY1mp1wWY",mdrd: "jp7DmoppHVGSIod4ufim_8ZkyAuh6J4nIJGTjr.ejys-1739796777-1.2.1.1-oAiOJyI2kIOjDmOZc2QYhntkAsq09VOzwj.deozxQBS5WaQ7FrLkwhMXnv.nc0po3YjbAEltbQgKDO7xNO5IDXqWeGx8_XrCkWMU8Fydeuj3uMNqEggVDjdjzqaooGrh3kgXQiljdjS4hFTXZAyo0md0wyV2CVSi6Z03BCWvw.FRUdJBUzo3EFZZ2bvVTSnPW4BPef23qmiUJGIS_OdDk6oymGTgSNA9XSGf5vkdeR3EfWP7v.Xx2XAoQKz0MuDZblbOPCI2eM1G_ruijvVf.uMBBIXPBItoBxV5ruS8.piJp29zX3WkUy5_EIy0dGdbBSeKOvDaHuFC430s9pCI741D4GU6g66fti45fRu_gJIZDCstNcSgQ5zrLt689GroblCiaznM25rI5HxJ6FA.8QJseFzUSOJiBqShymtZ5q85zVTLBMOgPO3sETkp3uT7khv4Or83pNlb9.bVAvCA1XMRjOa2sU12lmXGeXNyx_pGEvM7KsD.HyRMWbEiddWTSIFSE0fKP7nUgoGP1dI.7x5PHAMydcDoPv7TsqrE9OwbxSvNfZyVUqKbGIERssT0BkEkUFW8yZ6WIkEB5le6EnrHyR7_Af4cH_HZsxXhxuybGke5dbepTd4xUiH7LB9R9R5oh0JKlVlzB2t7NbiM3OnH1FahdviWO7V5alTUCTF83YbjP_aki9JYUNH6WoEclYP08HmZc4hNk.IYNis2aCWya7gY8zcn5JoWiDvM9cxxb7hLqi4FPXNz5fuJ3_v4.YbK2N2q3ZzuXoTOOfW4Dt.VtMmiRgvsfTAYrO_pZAjMz3lTKTkGpWNCVRLL2dzUm46zn_FiJm6GHPzvRtBqUgTMzDRrgPgGkSVMV2GAeWWFmFZvsk0hnY2HaNaKBYr8v9nsapIpFAP4J3HA0hkDxcW672HKrZlkzxaEy_fsONtXdcz0JpPwIvwPGrCM7fvC2YSSBVUg0YApN.lLSzQTQGMDBKiCqPQ1AQdkZPBu0MAh5BNpck9VXtWT_gxwAx9ZsuVIKuunNg0SxsGAqrja7uh084akkhKz4ktjkk_ttj2BbEeaom17WuhKK1aHnAn8RsmdqFKedqtD3ghVkA9p6VWiSxJhILadTaYjOcUj9E.xMwEjSoE5OCbFGTSEXqV8ubzh3m3wcJBVJhU40Am18WFAdErnVDocDSWCoy.nuFmYj8TBYv0g8iME.Q98P9Bnd8PaydC9FOrgMlIXfZe3mXgzIzOKF9Z2fJQ4BGMzt3sFiCptjEb_yn2_d_.K_1o1Wo5JRlnJqLWrM8mqREz8tZcKl7eT01IvA2Maljk.cl4GS0wkM8LYYkvx32RQpdhhTc_Mn0PjLurgt1SUqahiAT5hZ3.EtS23a7JaJ2UuF1b6lswHdNAFp02AQ4SpDnBZjNLoRTWAyJpIHz5F8x97scxriqYZ3fzm0YSExYa8v3uUZn.D2F9pOhWsdoDu4WCmKsi53LstMvl1kZLy.vHC0Jcm4x0Df6tOUan2AHgff9ixOOr9l8d1jIBgMY8Syd1plY4.0NhyCXjgr4IrWRr4KzopUXvH7w6JIIHQqsILr6lpiForq5Z9tJ56.sBIxn2fBd2UrgkWGSggXEhtCO1_mfWe7N80dQVJwIRGfu1RnS7JlcJdEZZ5qtHAy9wuGlxUISu7xk_7ckE3yhQqyNLSISj5LgmwfFUNk8sF1fMxPd2lmOX5P8uwua.OV15iW9.URLNMAkh061IIUFux1oODnEu0uhkuWjcilZCiG.I1bHxvLA2wETEHar3.ZnzGqasYiBEboio_g9WdjHZyFIus8ktzepQZHala2nSeZuUL2Uhlt4ShUPJOmGDFIgqOPztN9Y.Sgcu5lkplzPgV7QvBIja1c5dX1jtrSGs_fq7G9tTh3FcSIsbyj7fZa3YFurVc321MbsNgFsx6oRWQBxtvsby.aY9Ds3GB0SforD3u.P_oeRg_JJgWOyNwpKxyB.nc5eBJzBw6MY.SD0rUAuiv6A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135eae46fa4833f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=recommender%20system&__cf_chl_rt_tk=GfgB1_2hGI0D_TM1lp2SMbDZWzjDlQGjZ7NBpSI1Kis-1739796777-1.0.1.1-m5xj9XJWSUkfZOU7_6DNwKYaPk6EihdHkhMupAcyM_A" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>