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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_Ferns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Black Ferns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_Ferns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific_hakas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_hakas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Specific hakas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Specific_hakas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Specific hakas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Specific_hakas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Ka_Mate"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Ka_Mate""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>"Ka Mate"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Ka_Mate"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Tena_Koe_Kangarū"_1903" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Tena_Koe_Kangarū"_1903"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>"Tena Koe Kangarū" 1903</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Tena_Koe_Kangarū"_1903-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Ko_Niu_Tireni"_1924" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Ko_Niu_Tireni"_1924"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>"Ko Niu Tireni" 1924</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Ko_Niu_Tireni"_1924-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_verse_of_Ko_Niu_Tireni,_with_a_1925_translation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_verse_of_Ko_Niu_Tireni,_with_a_1925_translation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>First verse of Ko Niu Tireni, with a 1925 translation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_verse_of_Ko_Niu_Tireni,_with_a_1925_translation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_haka_in_Finnegans_Wake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_haka_in_Finnegans_Wake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>The haka in <i>Finnegans Wake</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_haka_in_Finnegans_Wake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Kapa_o_Pango"_2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Kapa_o_Pango"_2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>"Kapa o Pango" 2005</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Kapa_o_Pango"_2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Published_words_and_the_NZRU_explanation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_words_and_the_NZRU_explanation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Published words and the NZRU explanation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_words_and_the_NZRU_explanation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Words_chanted_on_field,_and_their_literal_interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Words_chanted_on_field,_and_their_literal_interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Words chanted on field, and their literal interpretation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Words_chanted_on_field,_and_their_literal_interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Ko_Uhia_Mai"_2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Ko_Uhia_Mai"_2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>"Ko Uhia Mai" 2006</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Ko_Uhia_Mai"_2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_words_and_their_literal_interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_words_and_their_literal_interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>The words and their literal interpretation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_words_and_their_literal_interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responses_and_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responses_and_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Responses and controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responses_and_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_after_matches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_after_matches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Use after matches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_after_matches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_by_other_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_by_other_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Use by other teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_by_other_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_of_the_All_Blacks&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Haka of the All Blacks">Haka of the All Blacks</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">The use of a traditional Māori dance by sports teams</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:All_Blacks_Haka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/All_Blacks_Haka.jpg/450px-All_Blacks_Haka.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/All_Blacks_Haka.jpg/675px-All_Blacks_Haka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/All_Blacks_Haka.jpg/900px-All_Blacks_Haka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_union_team" title="New Zealand national rugby union team">All Blacks</a> perform "Ka Mate" led by <a href="/wiki/Richie_McCaw" title="Richie McCaw">Richie McCaw</a> against <a href="/wiki/France_national_rugby_union_team" title="France national rugby union team">France</a> in November 2006</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Haka" title="Haka">Haka</a>, traditional dances of the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori people</a>, have been used in sports in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> and overseas. Haka are performed to challenge opponents before matches. The dance form has been adopted by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_union_team" title="New Zealand national rugby union team">New Zealand national rugby union team</a>, the "All Blacks", the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_All_Blacks" title="Māori All Blacks">Māori All Blacks</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_women%27s_national_rugby_union_team" title="New Zealand women's national rugby union team">New Zealand women's national rugby union team</a>, the "Black Ferns" and a number of other New Zealand national teams perform before their international matches; some non-New Zealand sports teams have also adopted haka.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haka_in_paris_lillustration_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Haka_in_paris_lillustration_1925.jpg/280px-Haka_in_paris_lillustration_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Haka_in_paris_lillustration_1925.jpg/420px-Haka_in_paris_lillustration_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Haka_in_paris_lillustration_1925.jpg/560px-Haka_in_paris_lillustration_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1778" data-file-height="1174" /></a><figcaption>The All Blacks at the climax of their haka before a test against <a href="/wiki/France_national_rugby_union_team" title="France national rugby union team">France</a> in Paris, January 1925</figcaption></figure> <p>During 1888–89, the <a href="/wiki/1888%E2%80%931889_New_Zealand_Native_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="1888–1889 New Zealand Native football team">New Zealand Native team</a> toured the <a href="/wiki/Home_Nations" title="Home Nations">Home Nations</a> of the United Kingdom, the first team from a colony to do so. It was originally intended that only Māori players would be selected, but four non-Māori were finally included. As the non-Māori were born in New Zealand, the name "Native" was considered justified. The team performed a haka before the start of their first match on 3 October 1888 against Surrey. They were described as using the words "Ake ake kia kaha" which suggests that the haka was not "Ka Mate". </p><p>The "Ka Mate" haka was not well known at this time. In 1900, a newspaper reported New Zealand soldiers in the <a href="/wiki/Boer_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer War">Boer War</a> chanting "Ka Mate! Ka Mate! Ka ora! Ka ora! Hae-haea! Ha!" The soldiers thought it meant "Kill him! Chop him up! Baste him!"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But during the <a href="/wiki/Royal_visits_to_Australia#1901" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal visits to Australia">1901 Royal Tour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kahungunu" title="Ngāti Kahungunu">Ngāti Kahungunu</a> warriors Ngāti Kahungunu revived "Ka Mate" when they performed it to welcome the <a href="/wiki/George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George V of the United Kingdom">Duke of Cornwall</a> at Rotorua. Newspapers described the full actions of this "ancient ngeri", printing its complete Maori words and an accurate translation. A movie cameraman recorded the performance. "Ka Mate" became famous, and was widely performed throughout New Zealand. </p><p>Nevertheless, when New Zealand played its first full international test match against Australia in Sydney in August 1903, the New Zealanders' war cry was "Tena Koe Kangaroo." (full details below) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="All_Blacks">All Blacks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: All Blacks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1905 New Zealand made their first tour of Britain. This was the first time the team were referred to as the <a href="/wiki/All_Blacks" class="mw-redirect" title="All Blacks">All Blacks</a> and this particular team also became known as the '<a href="/wiki/The_Original_All_Blacks_(1905)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Original All Blacks (1905)">Originals</a>'. It is uncertain whether they performed a haka before every match, but they at least performed "Ka Mate" before their first test, against <a href="/wiki/Scotland_national_rugby_union_team" title="Scotland national rugby union team">Scotland</a>, and before the match against <a href="/wiki/Wales_national_rugby_union_team" title="Wales national rugby union team">Wales</a>. The Welsh crowd, led by the Welsh team, responded by singing the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_national_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh national anthem">Welsh national anthem</a>. </p><p>When a <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Army" title="New Zealand Army">New Zealand Army</a> team played Wales in 1916, the words of "Ka Mate" were included in the printed programme, indicating that the haka was established as an accompaniment to New Zealand rugby teams playing overseas. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>The 1924–25 New Zealand rugby team which toured the United Kingdom, Irish Free State, France and Canada and which was nicknamed the <a href="/wiki/The_Invincibles_(rugby_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Invincibles (rugby union)">Invincibles</a>, performed a haka that was written for them during the voyage to England by two supporters, Judge <a href="/wiki/Frank_Acheson" title="Frank Acheson">Frank Acheson</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Native_Land_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Land Court">Native Land Court</a> and Wiremu Rangi of <a href="/wiki/Gisborne,_New_Zealand" title="Gisborne, New Zealand">Gisborne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The haka was led by star player <a href="/wiki/George_N%C4%93pia" title="George Nēpia">George Nēpia</a>. It was performed before all but two of the tour matches. Reporters criticised the team for disappointing the crowd on the two occasions it was not performed. </p><p>A pre-match haka was not always performed on All Blacks tours. The team that toured <a href="/wiki/1935%E2%80%9336_New_Zealand_rugby_union_tour_of_Britain,_Ireland_and_Canada" title="1935–36 New Zealand rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and Canada">Britain in 1935–36</a> did not perform one before matches, although they did some impromptu performances at social functions. In the early decades, haka were only rarely performed at home matches, such as the third test of the <a href="/wiki/1921_South_Africa_rugby_union_tour_of_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="1921 South Africa rugby union tour of Australia and New Zealand">1921 Springboks tour</a>, played in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>. The All Blacks did not perform a haka at any match on their <a href="/wiki/1949_New_Zealand_rugby_union_tour_of_South_Africa" title="1949 New Zealand rugby union tour of South Africa">1949 tour of South Africa and Rhodesia</a> as a protest against South Africa's <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> laws banning them from bringing any Māori players.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>In a <a href="/wiki/2015_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2015 Rugby World Cup">2015 Rugby World Cup</a> game against <a href="/wiki/Argentina_national_rugby_union_team" title="Argentina national rugby union team">Argentina</a> the pyramid formation was first used and has been the regular way the players perform it since.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shelford_reforms">Shelford reforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Shelford reforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the 1980s the quality of the haka performances had deteriorated to what some considered to be embarrassing levels as it was performed by mainly non-Māori players who showed little understanding of the meaning and significance of the haka movements. On the 1986 All Blacks tour to Argentina <a href="/wiki/Buck_Shelford" title="Buck Shelford">Buck Shelford</a> after consulting with hooker <a href="/wiki/Hika_Reid" title="Hika Reid">Hika Reid</a> decided that it was about time that something had to be done. He later commented "I grew up watching the All Blacks do the haka and it was quite comical really the way they did it because they weren't very well trained. I don't think they ever practised it, and they were all out of sync at times and sometimes their actions weren't the same."<sup id="cite_ref-Reid_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reid-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a member of the touring party inquired as to whether to perform the haka on the tour Shelford told the team members “If we're going to do it, we're going to do it right. Either perform the haka properly or not at all. Vote on it and decide which way you want to go.”<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team was adamant they wanted to perform the haka. As a result, Reid and Shelford who had 10 years of kapa haka experience trained them on how to correctly perform the haka, stressing the importance of correctly learning the <i><a href="/wiki/Tikanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Tikanga">tikanga</a></i>, correct pronunciation of the words and actions. To further help the team in their understanding Shelford upon his appointment as captain in 1987 brought the team to <a href="/wiki/Te_Aute_College" title="Te Aute College">Te Aute College</a>, a Māori school, to see the students perform a traditional haka. Up until that time the haka was traditionally only performed at overseas matches.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenter_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenter-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now that the team were capable of performing it to a high standard Shelford was instrumental in the All Blacks performing the haka for the first time in New Zealand at the <a href="/wiki/1987_Rugby_World_Cup" title="1987 Rugby World Cup">1987 Rugby World Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reid_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reid-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The All Blacks would go on to win their first world championship at that World Cup. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Māori_All_Blacks"><span id="M.C4.81ori_All_Blacks"></span>Māori All Blacks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Māori All Blacks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_All_Blacks" title="Māori All Blacks">Māori All Blacks</a> traditionally used the same haka as the All Blacks until Te Whetu Werohia Tipiwai who was a member of the New Zealand Māori Rugby Board for 15 years and the kaumātua of the Māori All Blacks from 2001 to 2010, composed a new haka, “Timatanga”, for the team.<sup id="cite_ref-TeAo_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TeAo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was first performed in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-Voerman1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voerman1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_Ferns">Black Ferns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Black Ferns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clermont_Sevens_2017_-_World_Series_Champions,_haka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Clermont_Sevens_2017_-_World_Series_Champions%2C_haka.jpg/220px-Clermont_Sevens_2017_-_World_Series_Champions%2C_haka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Clermont_Sevens_2017_-_World_Series_Champions%2C_haka.jpg/330px-Clermont_Sevens_2017_-_World_Series_Champions%2C_haka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Clermont_Sevens_2017_-_World_Series_Champions%2C_haka.jpg/440px-Clermont_Sevens_2017_-_World_Series_Champions%2C_haka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4600" data-file-height="3450" /></a><figcaption>The Black Ferns Sevens team performing the haka at the end of the Clermont Sevens tournament in 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>The first overseas appearance of the haka at a women's game was on 6 April 1991 in Glamorgan when the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_women%27s_national_rugby_union_team" title="New Zealand women's national rugby union team">New Zealand women's rugby team</a> performed “Ka Mate” before their first pool game, which was against Canada, at the first <a href="/wiki/1991_Women%27s_Rugby_World_Cup" title="1991 Women's Rugby World Cup">Women's Rugby World Cup</a> in Wales in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmer_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The performance of “Ka Mate” was a source of some controversy as a number of Māori elders and cultural experts were of the opinion that <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Chase" title="Debbie Chase">Debbie Chase</a> who led the performance should not have done so using a wide-leg stance, as this was not appropriate for a woman.<sup id="cite_ref-RNZ1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZ1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Palmer_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concerns about the use of “Ka mate” led captain Lenadeen Simpson-Brown (who was of Ngāti Porou descent) to obtain permission from the elders of <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Porou" title="Ngāti Porou">Ngāti Porou</a> to use verses from the <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a>’s “Ka Panapana” haka.<sup id="cite_ref-Julian_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Julian-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Palmer_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team first performed it on the Canada Cup tour in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Julian_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Julian-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RNZ1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZ1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After seven games as captain Simpson-Brown was replaced by a captain who had no connection to Ngāti Porou, which led to concerns about continued use of a haka associated with a specific iwi, whereas the team represented all of the country. The Black Ferns however continued to perform “Ka Panapana” until 2002,<sup id="cite_ref-Julian_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Julian-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by which time it was becoming apparent that it would be better to create a haka that was unique to the Black Ferns.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Te Whetu Werohia Tipiwai, took up the challenge of composing one.<sup id="cite_ref-TeAo_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TeAo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Voerman1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voerman1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A discussion followed with former Black Ferns captain Farah Palmer about the team's values. He then used a waiata (song) composed by Pania Papa as inspiration, though the words did not come to him until he was driving over the Tararua ranges. In August 2006 he donated his creation “Ko Ūhia Mai” to the Black Ferns, to which former Black Fern <a href="/wiki/Exia_Shelford" title="Exia Shelford">Exia Shelford</a> and Mania Parihi created the rhythm, before in association with a group of players they created suitable actions for the haka.<sup id="cite_ref-TeAo_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TeAo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This haka has been used by the Black Ferns since then. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specific_hakas">Specific hakas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Specific hakas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Ka_Mate""><span id=".22Ka_Mate.22"></span>"Ka Mate"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: "Ka Mate""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ka_Mate" title="Ka Mate">Ka Mate</a></div> <p>The All Blacks are believed to have first performed a choreographed and synchronized version<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2002_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson2002-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the "<a href="/wiki/Ka_Mate" title="Ka Mate">Ka Mate</a>" haka in 1905. </p><p>This haka was composed by <a href="/wiki/Te_Rauparaha" title="Te Rauparaha">Te Rauparaha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Toa" title="Ngāti Toa">Ngāti Toa</a> to commemorate his escape from death during an incident in 1810. Chased by his enemies, he hid in a food-storage pit under the skirt of a woman. He climbed out to find someone standing over him, who, instead of killing Te Rauparaha, turned out to be another chief friendly to him. In relief, Te Rauparaha performed this ancient haka, which had been performed all through New Zealand for centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story of Te Rauparaha was merely woven into several older stories about this haka, from a rope-hauling chant to beach a 14th-century voyaging waka, a call for unity under one strong leader, and at the end of an erotic wedding-night chant, 'Kikiki Kakaka.' Ka Mate is still used today together with 'Toia Mai' to "haul the waka" of visitors onto a marae. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance">Performance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "Ka Mate" rugby haka generally opens with a set of five preparatory instructions shouted by the leader, before the whole team joins in:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" style="margin-left:3em"> <caption><b>"Ka Mate"</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Leader</b>: </td> <td><i>Taringa whakarongo!</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Pay attention, listen! </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><i>Kia rite! Kia rite! Kia mau! </i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Get ready...! Line up...! Stand fast! </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Team</b>: </td> <td><i>Hī!</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Yes, sir! </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Leader</b>: </td> <td><i>Ringa ringa pakia!</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Slap the hands against the thighs! </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><i>Waewae takahia kia kino nei hoki!</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stomp the feet as hard as you can! </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Team</b>: </td> <td><i>Kia kino nei hoki!</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>As hard as we can! </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Leader</b>: </td> <td><i>Ka mate, ka mate</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>I die! I die! </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Team</b>: </td> <td><i>Ka ora! Ka ora! </i> </td> <td> </td> <td>I live! I live! </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Leader</b>: </td> <td><i>Ka mate, ka mate</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>I die! I die! </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Team</b>: </td> <td><i>Ka ora! Ka ora! </i> </td> <td> </td> <td>I live! I live! </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>All</b>: </td> <td><i>Tēnei te tangata pūhuruhuru</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>This is the Hairy Man... </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><i>Nāna ne i tiki mai whakawhiti te rā</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>...who fetched the sun and caused it to shine again </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><i>A upane! Ka upane!</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>One upward step! Another upward step! </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><i>A upane kaupane</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>An upward step, another! </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><i>Whiti te rā!</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>The sun shines! </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><i>Hī!</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Rise! </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Tena_Koe_Kangarū"_1903"><span id=".22Tena_Koe_Kangar.C5.AB.22_1903"></span>"Tena Koe Kangarū" 1903</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: "Tena Koe Kangarū" 1903"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early in July 1903, when the New Zealand players were assembling in Wellington for their Australian tour, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Evening_Post_(New_Zealand)" title="The Evening Post (New Zealand)">The Evening Post</a></i> reported that "A unique souvenir has been prepared for the New Zealand team by Mr C. Parata. It contains the following warcry": </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" style="margin-left:3em"> <tbody><tr> <td><i>Tena koe, Kangarū</i> </td> <td>How are you, Kangaroo </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Tupato koe, Kangarū!</i> </td> <td>You look out, Kangaroo! </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Niu Tireni tenei haere nei</i> </td> <td>New Zealand is invading you </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Au Au Aue a!</i> </td> <td>Woe woe woe to you! </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i>Post'</i>s rugby correspondent later reported that the war-cry was first practised by the New Zealand team in mid-Tasman on Monday 13 July, and first performed "in response to several calls" at their official reception at Sydney on Thursday 16 July. The reported wording and translation were published next day in the <i><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Morning Herald">Sydney Morning Herald</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times_(Sydney,_Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sunday Times (Sydney, Australia)">Sunday Times</a></i> on 19 July 1903, after the first match against NSW.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The New Zealanders played ten matches on the tour (won 10, lost 0, points for 276, points against 13). Presumably the warcry was performed before all their matches although a search in <a href="/wiki/PapersPast" class="mw-redirect" title="PapersPast">PapersPast</a> only located mention of its use before "the first test match".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Ko_Niu_Tireni"_1924"><span id=".22Ko_Niu_Tireni.22_1924"></span>"Ko Niu Tireni" 1924</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: "Ko Niu Tireni" 1924"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Invincibles performed this haka during their unbeaten <a href="/wiki/1924%E2%80%9325_New_Zealand_rugby_union_tour_of_Britain,_Ireland_and_France" title="1924–25 New Zealand rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France">1924–1925 tour</a>. It was purpose-written on their voyage to Europe by Wiremu Rangi of Gisborne, and revised by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Oswald_Victor_Acheson" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Oswald Victor Acheson">Judge Acheson</a> of New Zealand's Native Land Court.<sup id="cite_ref-NZH24_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZH24-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had two verses, but the second verse (<i>Put a few of your famous teams on display, and let's play each other in friendship</i>) was omitted in later matches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_verse_of_Ko_Niu_Tireni,_with_a_1925_translation"><span id="First_verse_of_Ko_Niu_Tireni.2C_with_a_1925_translation"></span>First verse of Ko Niu Tireni, with a 1925 translation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: First verse of Ko Niu Tireni, with a 1925 translation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" style="margin-left:3em"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Kia whakangawari au i a hau</i> </td> <td>Let us prepare ourselves for the prey </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>I au-e! Hei! </i> </td> <td>(The sound of being ready) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> Ko Niu Tireni e haruru nei!</i> </td> <td>The New Zealand storm is about to break </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Au, Au, aue hā! Hei!</i> </td> <td>(The sound of the imminent storm.) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> Ko Niu Tireni e haruru nei!</i> </td> <td>The New Zealand storm waxes fiercer </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Au, Au, aue hā! Hei!</i> </td> <td>(Sounds of The height of the storm.) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> A ha-ha!</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ka tū te ihiihi</i> </td> <td>We shall stand fearless </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ka tū te wanawana</i> </td> <td>We shall stand exalted in spirit </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ki runga ki te rangi, </i> </td> <td>We shall climb to the heavens </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>E tū iho nei, tū iho nei, hī!</i> </td> <td>We shall attain the zenith the utmost heights. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> Au! Au! Au!</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Newspaper reports of early games spoke of the "weird war cry of the visitors" in response to the crowds' singing. Thus the fifth game at Swansea began with 40,000 waiting Welshmen singing <a href="/wiki/Cwm_Rhondda" title="Cwm Rhondda">Cwm Rhondda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sosban_Fach" title="Sosban Fach">Sospan Fach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hen_Wlad_Fy_Nhadau" title="Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau">Land of My Fathers</a> and then <a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>, to which the All Blacks responded with a "weird chant led by Nēpia". </p><p> But as fame of their unbeaten status spread, so did the status of their haka. At the beginning of their 22nd game in Wales at Llanelli, we read </p><blockquote><p>On the appearance of the men in red, 'Sosban Fach' was sung with great enthusiasm. Nēpia then led the All Blacks in their famous war dance, which was very impressive. One could almost hear a pin drop while it was rendered. The crowd again sang 'Sosban Fach' in reply.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_haka_in_Finnegans_Wake">The haka in <i>Finnegans Wake</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The haka in Finnegans Wake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Irish writer <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a> heard the "Ko Niu Tireni" haka performed at the Invincibles' match at Paris in January 1925. He modified some of the words and used them in his word-play novel <i><a href="/wiki/Finnegans_Wake" title="Finnegans Wake">Finnegans Wake</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NZH24_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZH24-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p><i>Let us propel us for the frey of the fray! Us, us, beraddy!</i> <br /><i>Ko Niutirenis hauru leish! A lala!</i> <br /><i>Ko Niutirenis haururu laleish! Ala lala!</i> <br /><i>The Wullingthund sturm is breaking.</i> <br /><i>The sound of maormaoring</i> <br /><i>The Wellingthund sturm waxes fuercilier.</i> <br /><i>Finnegans Wake</i>, 2nd ed. 1950, Book II chap iii, page 335. </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Kapa_o_Pango"_2005"><span id=".22Kapa_o_Pango.22_2005"></span>"Kapa o Pango" 2005</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: "Kapa o Pango" 2005"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kapa_o_Pango" title="Kapa o Pango">Kapa o Pango</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm/220px--All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="100" data-mwtitle="All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin,_14-06-2014.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin,_14-06-2014.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm/All_Blacks_Haka_-_Dunedin%2C_14-06-2014.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Recorded performance of the haka, <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a>, 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Before a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_Union_Tri_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby Union Tri Nations">Tri Nations</a> match against South Africa on 27 August 2005 at <a href="/wiki/Carisbrook" title="Carisbrook">Carisbrook</a> in Dunedin, the All Blacks unexpectedly introduced a new haka, "Kapa o Pango". It featured an extended and aggressive introduction by team captain <a href="/wiki/Tana_Umaga" title="Tana Umaga">Tana Umaga</a> highlighted by a drawing of the thumb down the throat.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was interpreted by many as a "throat-slitting" action directed at the opposing team. The All Blacks went on to win the match 31 to 27. </p><p>The words to "Kapa o Pango" are more specific to the rugby team than "Ka Mate", referring to the warriors in black and the silver fern.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The new haka was developed by <a href="/wiki/Derek_Lardelli" title="Derek Lardelli">Derek Lardelli</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Porou" title="Ngāti Porou">Ngāti Porou</a> by modifying the first verse of "Ko Niu Tirini," the haka used by the 1924 All Blacks. An NZRU press release stated that</p><blockquote><p>Kapa o Pango has been over a year in the making, and was created in consultation with many experts in Māori culture. It will serve as a complement to "Ka Mate" rather than a replacement, to be used for 'special occasions'.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Published_words_and_the_NZRU_explanation">Published words and the NZRU explanation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Published words and the NZRU explanation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Rugby#History" title="New Zealand Rugby">New Zealand Rugby § History</a></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" style="margin-left:3em"> <caption><b>"Kapa o Pango"</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><i>Kapa o Pango kia whakawhenua au i ahau!</i> </td> <td>All Blacks, let me become one with the land </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hī aue, hī!</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ko Aotearoa e ngunguru nei!</i> </td> <td>This is our land that rumbles </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Au, au, aue hā!</i> </td> <td>It's our time! It's our moment! </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ko Kapa o Pango e ngunguru nei!</i> </td> <td>This defines us as the All Blacks </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Au, au, aue hā!</i> </td> <td>It's our time! It's our moment! </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>I āhahā!</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ka tū te ihiihi</i> </td> <td>Our dominance </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ka tū te wanawana</i> </td> <td>Our supremacy will triumph </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ki runga ki te rangi e tū iho nei, tū iho nei, hī!</i> </td> <td>And be placed on high </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ponga rā!</i> </td> <td>Silver fern! </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Kapa o Pango, aue hī!</i> </td> <td>All Blacks! </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ponga rā!</i> </td> <td>Silver fern! </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Kapa o Pango, aue hī, hā!</i> </td> <td>All Blacks! </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Words_chanted_on_field,_and_their_literal_interpretation"><span id="Words_chanted_on_field.2C_and_their_literal_interpretation"></span>Words chanted on field, and their literal interpretation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Words chanted on field, and their literal interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" style="margin-left:3em"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Taringa whakarongo!</i> </td> <td>Let your ears listen </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Kia rite! Kia rite! Kia mau! Hī!</i> </td> <td>Get ready...! Line up...! Steady...! Yeah! </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Kia whakawhenua au i ahau!</i> </td> <td>Let me become one with the land </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hī aue, hī!</i> </td> <td>(assertive sounds to raise adrenaline levels) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ko Aotearoa e ngunguru nei!</i> </td> <td>New Zealand is rumbling here </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Au, au, aue hā!</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ko Kapa o Pango e ngunguru nei!</i> </td> <td>The Team in Black is rumbling here </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Au, au, aue hā!</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>I āhahā!</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ka tū te Ihiihi</i> </td> <td>Stand up to the fear </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ka tū te Wanawana</i> </td> <td>Stand up to the terror </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ki runga ki te rangi, </i> </td> <td>To the sky above,! </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>E tū iho nei, tū iho nei, hī!</i> </td> <td>Fight up there, high up there. Yeah! </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ponga rā!</i> </td> <td>The shadows fall! </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Kapa o Pango, aue hī!</i> </td> <td>Team in Black, yeah! </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ponga rā!</i> </td> <td>Darkness falls! </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Kapa o Pango, aue hī, hā!</i> </td> <td>Team in Black, Yeah, Ha! </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The words of both "Kapa o Pango" and "Ko Niu Tireni" are taken from the haka of the earthquake god Ruaumoko, <i>Ko Ruaumoko e ngunguru nei.</i> The lines beginning <i>Ka tū te ihi-ihi...</i> are found in many old haka. <i>Ponga ra, ponga ra</i> is the opening line of 'Te Kiri Ngutu,' an 1880s lament for stolen territory.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Ko_Uhia_Mai"_2006"><span id=".22Ko_Uhia_Mai.22_2006"></span>"Ko Uhia Mai" 2006</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: "Ko Uhia Mai" 2006"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This haka whose literal name is "Let It Be Known" is used both by the fifteen-a-side and the sevens Black Ferns teams. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_words_and_their_literal_interpretation">The words and their literal interpretation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The words and their literal interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" style="margin-left:3em"> <caption><b>"Ko Uhia Mai"</b><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>A uhia mai</i> </td> <td>Let it be known </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ko wai nga Hine</i> </td> <td>Who are these women </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ko wai nga Hine</i> </td> <td>Who are these women </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ko nga Mamaku e ngunguru nei</i> </td> <td>It's the Black Ferns rumble </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ko Hineahuone, Ko Hinetitama Ko Hinenui te po</i> </td> <td>From Hineahuone, Hinetitama and Hinenui te po we came </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ki te whaiao, ki te ao marama e</i> </td> <td>To transfer from the heavens to the world of enlightenment </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hi a haha</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Mauri ki te rangi</i> </td> <td>Life force from above </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Me te whenua</i> </td> <td>Life force from below (earth) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Nga kapua whakapipi</i> </td> <td>The gathering clouds </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Mai nga Maunga titia e</i> </td> <td>The mountains that pierce the sky </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hi a haha</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>He tia he tia</i> </td> <td>Let us proceed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Te Moana nui–a–Kiwa</i> </td> <td>To the seas </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Mai nga topito</i> </td> <td>From the corners of the island </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ki nga moutere</i> </td> <td>To the neighbouring islands, </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>O te ao whanui e</i> </td> <td>And around the world, </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hi a haha</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Tumai ra koe</i> </td> <td>You stand tall and proud, </td></tr> <tr> <td>' Te mana wahine<i></i> </td> <td>Women of strength. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Te Wharetangata</i> </td> <td>Who will bear the future. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Nga Mamaku o Aotearoa</i> </td> <td>The Black Ferns of New Zealand. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>He tia he tia. He ranga he ranga</i> </td> <td>Rise and press on. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Haere mai te toki</i> </td> <td>When the challenge arrives. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Haumi ee, hui e</i> </td> <td>We will gather and unite together. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Taiki ee</i> </td> <td>Strength together. It will be done. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responses_and_controversies">Responses and controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Responses and controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_Haka_vs_Portugal_15-09-2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/New_Zealand_Haka_vs_Portugal_15-09-2007.jpg/200px-New_Zealand_Haka_vs_Portugal_15-09-2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/New_Zealand_Haka_vs_Portugal_15-09-2007.jpg/300px-New_Zealand_Haka_vs_Portugal_15-09-2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/New_Zealand_Haka_vs_Portugal_15-09-2007.jpg/400px-New_Zealand_Haka_vs_Portugal_15-09-2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Haka prior to a game against <a href="/wiki/Portugal_national_rugby_union_team" title="Portugal national rugby union team">Portugal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France.</figcaption></figure> <p>The haka, while normally enjoyed by spectators, has been criticised<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (January 2013)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> as an unsporting attempt to intimidate the opposition before the match begins. However, most teams accept that the haka is part of rugby's heritage and face up to the All Blacks during its performance, with both teams standing about 10 metres apart. The 2007 Portuguese Rugby team Captain <a href="/wiki/Vasco_Uva" title="Vasco Uva">Vasco Uva</a> said of the haka that "[We] faced it, gave it the respect it deserved and it gave us motivation and we knew if it gave them strength, it was also a point of strength for us."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ignoring the haka is a tactic sometimes used by opposing teams. Famously, the <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_union_team" title="Australia national rugby union team">Australian rugby team</a> did a warm up drill well away from the All Blacks during their 1996 test match in Wellington. More recently, the <a href="/wiki/Italy_national_rugby_union_team" title="Italy national rugby union team">Italian rugby team</a> ignored the haka during a 2007 World Cup Pool Match. All Black team member, <a href="/wiki/Keven_Mealamu" title="Keven Mealamu">Keven Mealamu</a>, said later that in his opinion the snub had backfired and provided motivation to his team.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australian back <a href="/wiki/David_Campese" title="David Campese">David Campese</a> often ignored the haka, most notably in the <a href="/wiki/1991_Rugby_World_Cup" title="1991 Rugby World Cup">1991 World Cup</a> semi-final victory over the All Blacks, when he chose to practice warm-up drills instead of facing the All Blacks. </p><p>In 1989, as the All Blacks were performing the haka in <a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_Road" title="Lansdowne Road">Lansdowne Road</a> before playing <a href="/wiki/Irish_rugby_union_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish rugby union team">Ireland</a>, the Irish lined up in a tight V formation to facing New Zealand and then edged closer and closer to the All Blacks. By the time the end of the haka came, captain <a href="/wiki/Willie_Anderson_(rugby_union,_born_1955)" title="Willie Anderson (rugby union, born 1955)">Willie Anderson</a> was only inches from Buck Shelford's face.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cockerill" title="Richard Cockerill">Richard Cockerill</a> was disciplined for responding to the haka before the start of an <a href="/wiki/England_national_rugby_union_team" title="England national rugby union team">England</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/All_Blacks" class="mw-redirect" title="All Blacks">All Blacks</a> game. Cockerill went toe-to-toe with his opposite number Norm Hewitt while they performed the haka. The referee became so concerned that Hewitt and Cockerill would begin fighting that he pushed Cockerill away from Hewitt. Cockerill went on to say afterwards "I believe that I did the right thing that day," he said. "They were throwing down a challenge and I showed them I was ready to accept it. I'm sure they would rather we did that than walk away."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent times when the haka is performed against England, it is often drowned out by England fans singing "<a href="/wiki/Swing_Low,_Sweet_Chariot" title="Swing Low, Sweet Chariot">Swing Low, Sweet Chariot</a>", causing critics to demand respect towards the cultural symbol.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Ireland fans have recently drowned out the haka by singing "<a href="/wiki/The_Fields_of_Athenry" title="The Fields of Athenry">The Fields of Athenry</a>". </p><p>In 2005, Australian rugby league player <a href="/wiki/Willie_Mason" title="Willie Mason">Willie Mason</a> was caught on camera swearing at New Zealand full back <a href="/wiki/Brent_Webb" title="Brent Webb">Brent Webb</a> during the haka before a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_League_Tri-Nations" title="Rugby League Tri-Nations">Rugby League Tri-Nations</a> match in Auckland. Mason states he was taking exception to Webb, who was born in <a href="/wiki/Cairns,_Queensland" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairns, Queensland">Cairns, Queensland</a>, Australia performing the traditional haka.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, the All Blacks agreed to a request from the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Rugby_Union" title="Welsh Rugby Union">Welsh Rugby Union</a> to repeat the sequence of events from the original match a century before in 1905. This involved the All Blacks performing the haka after "<a href="/wiki/God_Defend_New_Zealand" title="God Defend New Zealand">God Defend New Zealand</a>" and before "<a href="/wiki/Hen_Wlad_fy_Nhadau" class="mw-redirect" title="Hen Wlad fy Nhadau">Hen Wlad fy Nhadau</a>". For the November 2006 test, the Welsh Rugby Union demanded a repeat of this sequence. The All Blacks refused, and instead chose to perform the haka in their changing room before the match.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Blacks captain <a href="/wiki/Richie_McCaw" title="Richie McCaw">Richie McCaw</a> defended the decision by stating that the haka was "integral to New Zealand culture and the All Blacks' heritage" and "if the other team wants to mess around, we'll just do the haka in the shed".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crowd reacted negatively to the lack of the haka and then being shown brief footage of the haka on the screens at the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Stadium" title="Millennium Stadium">Millennium Stadium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Network" title="Seven Network">Seven Network</a> TV channel in Australia aired a commercial which used digital enhancement to add handbags to video of New Zealand rugby players performing the haka.<sup id="cite_ref-BLogan_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLogan-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was inspired by an incident when former All Black captain <a href="/wiki/Tana_Umaga" title="Tana Umaga">Tana Umaga</a> struck <a href="/wiki/Hurricanes_(Super_rugby_franchise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricanes (Super rugby franchise)">Hurricanes</a> teammate <a href="/wiki/Chris_Masoe" title="Chris Masoe">Chris Masoe</a> over the head with a woman's handbag after the <a href="/wiki/2006_Super_14_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Super 14 Final">Super 14 final</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TT_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Blacks assistant coach <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Smith_(rugby_union)" title="Wayne Smith (rugby union)">Wayne Smith</a> criticised the advertisement, saying "It is insensitive, I think, to Māori and disrespectful of the All Blacks".<sup id="cite_ref-HandbagHaka_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HandbagHaka-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "Kapa o Pango" haka created controversy when the <a href="/wiki/Taunting#Cutthroat" title="Taunting">gesture of a thumb drawn down the throat</a> was interpreted by many observers as implying throat slitting. The All Blacks and Māori interpreted it as drawing the breath of life into the heart and lungs ("<i>hauora</i>"). This led to calls for it to be banned,<sup id="cite_ref-zero_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zero-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although a poll conducted in July 2006 showed 60 percent support in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-review1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-review1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/Ireland_national_rugby_union_team" title="Ireland national rugby union team">Ireland</a>'s <a href="/wiki/2006_mid-year_rugby_test_series" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 mid-year rugby test series">tour of New Zealand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Rugby_Football_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Rugby Football Union">NZRU</a> put the haka on a temporary hiatus, to review its appropriateness, by asking the All Blacks not to perform it against Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-review2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-review2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2007 Rugby World Cup quarter-finals, France, after having won the coin toss for the choice of uniforms, famously wore the blue/white/red of the French flag and walked up to within a metre of the haka performance, forming a line of opposition to the performance by the All Blacks, who were wearing a predominantly silver uniform (as opposed to the traditional all black). France went on to beat the All Blacks 20–18. </p><p>In the 2008 Rugby Autumn Tests, Wales responded to the haka by standing on the pitch refusing to move until the All Blacks did. This resulted in the referee Jonathan Kaplan berating both teams for a full two minutes after the haka had ended until eventually New Zealand captain McCaw instructed his team to break off. After a spirited first half display which ended with Wales leading 9–6, the All Blacks responded positively and won the game 9–29. </p><p>Following the final of the 2011 World Cup, the France national team was fined by the <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby" title="World Rugby">IRB</a> for marching to within 10 metres of their All Black opponents during the performance of the haka. To many, this has been viewed as an insult from the IRB. </p><p>In the 2019 Rugby World Cup semi-finals, England fanned out across the pitch and adopted a V-shaped formation before the All Blacks began their haka. As the All Blacks delivered the challenge, several English players crossed the halfway line and stood their ground when officials tried to usher them back. After the match, the IRB issued England with a fine of £2,000 for having have breached World Cup 2019 rules relating to cultural challenges, which states that no players from the team receiving the challenge may advance beyond the halfway line.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> England went on to win the match 19–7, advancing to meet South Africa in the final, which they would lose 32–12. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2024_Autumn_Internationals" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Autumn Internationals">2024 Autumn Internationals</a>, England stepped up to the halfway line during the haka while supporters chanted "<a href="/wiki/Swing_Low,_Sweet_Chariot" title="Swing Low, Sweet Chariot">Swing Low, Sweet Chariot</a>". This was reciprocated by the All Blacks. The week afterwards, Ireland stepped forwards after the All Blacks began to advance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_after_matches">Use after matches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Use after matches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New Zealand national sports teams have occasionally performed the haka (usually Ka Mate) as part of their victory celebrations after winning matches. This is not done as a challenge or sign of triumph over the opposing team, but is instead directed at fans and other spectators as a thank you for support. The haka is also occasionally performed in this context to honour individual players achieving important career milestones.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This habit is particularly prevalent for the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_sevens_team" title="New Zealand national rugby sevens team">New Zealand national rugby sevens team</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_by_other_teams">Use by other teams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Use by other teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_national_rugby_league_team_(26_October_2008).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/New_Zealand_national_rugby_league_team_%2826_October_2008%29.jpg/250px-New_Zealand_national_rugby_league_team_%2826_October_2008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/New_Zealand_national_rugby_league_team_%2826_October_2008%29.jpg/375px-New_Zealand_national_rugby_league_team_%2826_October_2008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/New_Zealand_national_rugby_league_team_%2826_October_2008%29.jpg/500px-New_Zealand_national_rugby_league_team_%2826_October_2008%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3210" data-file-height="1518" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_league_team" title="New Zealand national rugby league team">New Zealand rugby league team</a> performing the haka at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Rugby_League_World_Cup" title="2008 Rugby League World Cup">2008 World Cup</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Haka_performed_by_non-New_Zealand_sports_teams" title="Haka performed by non-New Zealand sports teams">Haka performed by non-New Zealand sports teams</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Haka_in_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Haka in sports">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Other New Zealand sports teams have similarly performed a haka before a match. The tradition of performing a haka before every test match is just as strong with the Kiwis, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_league_team" title="New Zealand national rugby league team">New Zealand national rugby league team</a>, performing it before every game. Traditionally they performed the "Ka Mate" haka, but starting at the <a href="/wiki/2013_Rugby_League_World_Cup" title="2013 Rugby League World Cup">2013 Rugby League World Cup</a> they perform a team-specific haka called "Te Iwi Kiwi". It is also performed by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_Australian_rules_football_team" title="New Zealand national Australian rules football team">Australian rules football team</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand national basketball team">Tall Blacks</a>. In the documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Murderball_(film)" title="Murderball (film)">Murderball</a></i>, the New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Paralympic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralympic">paralympic</a> rugby team can be seen performing a modified version of a haka. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Munster_Rugby" title="Munster Rugby">Munster</a> hosted the All Blacks at <a href="/wiki/Thomond_Park" title="Thomond Park">Thomond Park</a>, Limerick in November 2008, the four New Zealand players in the Munster team performed their own haka prior to the All Blacks.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the opening parade of the <a href="/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games" title="2002 Commonwealth Games">2002 Commonwealth Games</a> in Manchester, the New Zealand team stopped in front of the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen</a> and performed a haka.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New Zealand teams have attracted some criticism for performing haka, on occasions such as winning a swim relay bronze medal.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="New Zealand men's national ice hockey team">Ice Blacks</a> did their haka before their ice hockey match against Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand national basketball team">Tall Blacks</a> performed the dance prior to its games in the 2014 FIBA tournament, including a contest against the United States, where video of the dance was widely circulated and sparked discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="New Zealand men's national field hockey team">Black Sticks</a>, the (field) hockey team, also perform a haka. </p><p>During the 2013 PDC World Cup of Darts, team New Zealand, consisting of Phillip Hazel and Craig Caldwell performed a haka ahead of their match against Australia. </p><p>The high-profile of the All Blacks, and their use of haka has led other Pacific teams to use similar dances from their own cultures, such as the <a href="/wiki/Cibi" title="Cibi">Cibi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kailao" title="Kailao">Kailao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Siva_tau" class="mw-redirect" title="Siva tau">Siva tau</a>. Other teams from the Pacific and elsewhere however have performed the "<a href="/wiki/Ka_Mate" title="Ka Mate">Ka Mate</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Kapa_o_Pango" title="Kapa o Pango">Kapa o Pango</a>" haka. For instance, the "Kapa o Pango" haka was used by the <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Warriors_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii Warriors football">University of Hawaii Warriors</a> in 2006, before they created their own war dance, the "Haʻa", in the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian language</a> with original movements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">New Zealand portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/31px-Sports_icon.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/47px-Sports_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/62px-Sports_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="226" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sports" title="Portal:Sports">Sports portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">Kapa haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music" title="Māori music">Māori music</a></li> <li>Traditional war dances of other rugby nations: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cibi" title="Cibi">Cibi</a> (Fiji)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hako_(Rapa_Nui)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hako (Rapa Nui)">Hako (Rapa Nui)</a> (Easter Island)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailao" title="Kailao">Kailao</a> or Sipi Tau (Tonga)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siva_tau" class="mw-redirect" title="Siva tau">Siva tau</a> (Samoa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_war_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal war dance">Aboriginal war dance</a> (Australia)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10345999">"Taking the haka to American football games"</a>, Jon Stokes, 17 Sep 2005, <i>The New Zealand Herald</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MEX19000203.2.19?query=Ka+mate">"Brief Mention"</a>. <i>The Marlborough Express</i>. 3 February 1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Marlborough+Express&rft.atitle=Brief+Mention&rft.date=1900-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FMEX19000203.2.19%3Fquery%3DKa%2Bmate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka+in+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaonga" class="citation web cs1">Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/H/Haka/AllBlackshaka/en">"Te Ara The Encyclopedia of New Zealand"</a>. <i>teara.govt.nz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teara.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Te+Ara+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.aulast=Taonga&rft.aufirst=New+Zealand+Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage+Te+Manatu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2F1966%2FH%2FHaka%2FAllBlackshaka%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka+in+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/2663396/The-blackest-year-in-All-Black-history">"The blackest year in All Black history"</a>. <i>Stuff</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Forget+the+usual+pageantry%2C+let%27s+just+have+fun&rft.date=2002-07-27&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Giles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1402685%2FForget-the-usual-pageantry-lets-just-have-fun.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka+in+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/news/Sport/Kiwis-deny-overdoing-haka-at-Games/2006/03/21/1142703334225.html">"Kiwis deny overdoing haka at Games"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. 21 March 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Kiwis+deny+overdoing+haka+at+Games&rft.date=2006-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnews%2FSport%2FKiwis-deny-overdoing-haka-at-Games%2F2006%2F03%2F21%2F1142703334225.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka+in+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoolf2002" class="citation magazine cs1">Woolf, Alexander (31 August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021012085326/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/inside_game/alexander_wolff/news/2002/08/31/hoop_life/">"Thunder from Down Under"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated" title="Sports Illustrated">Sports Illustrated</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/inside_game/alexander_wolff/news/2002/08/31/hoop_life/">the original</a> on 12 October 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=Thunder+from+Down+Under&rft.date=2002-08-31&rft.aulast=Woolf&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2Finside_game%2Falexander_wolff%2Fnews%2F2002%2F08%2F31%2Fhoop_life%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka+in+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/zealand-basketball-teams-haka-dance-baffles-team-usa/story?id=25225036">"New Zealand Basketball Team's Haka Dance Baffles Team USA"</a>. Australia: ABC News. 3 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Basketball+Team%27s+Haka+Dance+Baffles+Team+USA&rft.place=Australia&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2014-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FSports%2Fzealand-basketball-teams-haka-dance-baffles-team-usa%2Fstory%3Fid%3D25225036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka+in+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>M. Pōmare, 'Ngāti Toarangatira', <i>Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i>, updated 9 June 2006. URL: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060507181737/http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/NgatiToarangatira/en">www.TeAra.govt.nz</a></li> <li>'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014084401/http://www.rugbymuseum.co.nz/asp/container_pages/normal_menu/rmArticle.asp?IDID=137">The Haka – In the Beginning</a>', New Zealand Rugby Museum.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimu2018" class="citation thesis cs1">Timu, Nicole (30 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10523/8958"><i>Ngā tapuwae o te haka – Māori perspectives on haka in sport</i></a> (Master of Physical Education). University of Otago. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10523%2F8958">10523/8958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Ng%C4%81+tapuwae+o+te+haka+%E2%80%93+M%C4%81ori+perspectives+on+haka+in+sport&rft.inst=University+of+Otago&rft.date=2018-07-30&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10523%2F8958&rft.aulast=Timu&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10523%2F8958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaka+in+sports" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haka_in_sports&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%93fui" title="Tēfui">tēfui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivaevae" title="Tivaevae">tivaevae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broad culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava_culture" title="Kava culture">Kava culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_%27ava_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoa 'ava ceremony">Sāmoa 'ava ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wood_carving#Aboriginal" title="History of wood carving">Wood carving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geo-specific,<br />general</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians#Culture" title="Indigenous Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_astronomy" title="Australian Aboriginal astronomy">Australian Aboriginal astronomy</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Culture" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands#People_and_culture" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a>, <i>-<a href="/wiki/Pwo" title="Pwo">Pwo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori#Revival_of_culture" title="Moriori">Chatham Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands#Culture" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Culture" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Fiji" title="Culture of Fiji">Fiji</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lau_Islands#Culture_and_economy" title="Lau Islands">Lau Islands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fijian_traditions_and_ceremonies" title="Fijian traditions and ceremonies">traditions and ceremonies</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam#Culture" title="Guam">Guam</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lomilomi_massage" title="Lomilomi massage">Lomilomi massage</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kiribati" title="Culture of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Marquesas_Islands" title="Culture of the Marquesas Islands">French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia#Culture" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nauru" title="Culture of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia#Culture" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue#Culture" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island#Culture" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau#Culture" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Culture of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands#Culture_and_religion" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan culture">Sāmoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Culture of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tonga" title="Culture of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders#Culture" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu#Culture" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vanuatu" title="Culture of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna#Culture" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesian Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_navigation" title="Micronesian navigation">Micronesian Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshallese culture">Marshall Islands</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands_stick_chart" title="Marshall Islands stick chart">Stick charts of</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yap#Culture" title="Yap">Yap</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yap#Navigation_(sailing)" title="Yap">navigation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weriyeng" title="Weriyeng">Weriyeng navigation school</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canoes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_dugout_canoe" title="Aboriginal dugout canoe">Aboriginal dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alingano_Maisu" title="Alingano Maisu">Alingano Maisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Bangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drua" title="Drua">Drua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(boat)#Pacific_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dugout (boat)">Dugout (boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaep" title="Kaep">Kaep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoa" title="Karakoa">Karakoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">Māori migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">Outrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paopao_(canoe)" title="Paopao (canoe)"> Paopao (Tuvalu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sailing#Polynesian_sailing_canoes" title="Canoe sailing">Polynesian sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proa" title="Proa">Proa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">Waka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_waka" title="List of Māori waka">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walap" title="Walap">Walap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAparima" title="ʻAparima">ʻAparima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibi" title="Cibi">cibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fara_(Rotuman_festivity)" title="Fara (Rotuman festivity)">fara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_performance" title="Fire performance">fire dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewalking" title="Firewalking">firewalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haka" title="Haka">haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hivinau" title="Hivinau">hivinau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula" title="Hula">hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailao" title="Kailao">kailao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">kapa haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Kiribati" title="Dance in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meke" title="Meke">meke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27ote%27a" title="'ote'a">'ote'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27o%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa'o'a">pa'o'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poi_(performance_art)" title="Poi (performance art)">poi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Rotuma" title="Dance in Rotuma">Rotuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_culture#Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan culture">siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Tahiti" title="Category:Dances of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamure" title="Tamure">tāmūrē</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tautoga" title="Tautoga">tautoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Tonga" title="Category:Dances of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27upa%27upa" title="'upa'upa">'upa'upa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garma_Festival_of_Traditional_Cultures" title="Garma Festival of Traditional Cultures">Garma Festival</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hawaiʻi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aloha_Festivals" title="Aloha Festivals">Aloha Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrie_Monarch_Festival" title="Merrie Monarch Festival">Merrie Monarch Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Invitational_Hula_Festival" title="World Invitational Hula Festival">World Invitational Hula Festival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Fiji" title="List of festivals in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasifika_Festival" title="Pasifika Festival">Pasifika Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Matatini" title="Te Matatini">Te Matatini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Community" title="Pacific Community">Pacific Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Pacific_Arts" title="Festival of Pacific Arts">Festival of Pacific Arts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:Festivals in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Australia" title="Languages of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Fiji" title="Languages of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Palau" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Languages of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vanuatu" title="Languages of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Caledonia" title="Languages of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norfolk_Island" title="Languages of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tokelau" title="Languages of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by category</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Oceania" title="Category:Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_literature" title="Oceanian literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Literature_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Oceania">Literature of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Marshall_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Palau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Palau (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Tuvalu (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Vanuatu" title="Literature of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of American Samoa (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Guam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Guam (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Austral_Islands" title="Music of the Austral Islands">Austral Islands (French Polynesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Indigenous music of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Music" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Music of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Fiji" title="Music of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guam" title="Music of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kiribati" title="Music of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lali_(drum)" title="Lali (drum)">Lali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Melanesia" title="Music of Melanesia">Melanesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nauru" title="Music of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Caledonia" title="Music of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music" title="Māori music">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Niue" title="Music of Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Music of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palau" title="Music of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Sāmoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slit_drum" title="Slit drum">Slit drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Music of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tahiti" title="Music of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tokelau" title="Music of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vanuatu" title="Music of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal mythology">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fijian_mythology" title="Category:Fijian mythology">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarevan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangarevan mythology">Mangarevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahiti_and_Society_Islands_mythology" title="Tahiti and Society Islands mythology">Maohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menehune" title="Menehune">Menehune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Oceanian legendary creatures">Oceanian legendary creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_mythology" title="Samoan mythology">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_mythology" title="Tuvaluan mythology">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vanuatu_mythology" title="Category:Vanuatu mythology">Vanuatuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islander_Policy_Research_Consortium" title="Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium">Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau" title="Sama-Bajau">Sama-Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Chatham Islander (Moriori <em>or</em> Rekohu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijians" title="Fijians">Fijian (iTaukei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igorot" class="mw-redirect" title="Igorot">Igorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_people" title="Ivatan people">Ivatans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Demographics of the Marshall Islands">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Islanders" title="Norfolk Islanders">Norfolk Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_New_Guinea" title="Indigenous people of New Guinea">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maohi" title="Maohi">Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_people" title="Rapa Nui people">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotumans" title="Rotumans">Rotuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahitians" title="Tahitians">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Taiwanese aborigines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelauans" title="Tokelauans">Tokelauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongans" title="Tongans">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayans" title="Visayans">Visayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yami people">Yami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Religion in Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Fiji" title="Religion in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Religion in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Palau" title="Religion in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Religion in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Samoa" title="Religion in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Religion in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tonga" title="Religion in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tuvalu" title="Religion in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vanuatu" title="Religion in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Religion in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norfolk_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tokelau" title="Religion in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>For other topics including Oceanian <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Oceania">cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shell_money_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell money in Oceania">indigenous currency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Oceanian_clothing" title="Category:History of Oceanian clothing">dress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_folklore" title="Category:Oceanian folklore">folklore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_cuisine" title="Category:Oceanian cuisine">cuisine</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Category:Culture of Oceania">Category:Culture of Oceania</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Supporter_culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Supporter_Culture" title="Template:Supporter Culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Supporter_Culture" title="Template talk:Supporter Culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Supporter_Culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Supporter Culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Supporter_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Supporter culture</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_loyalty" title="Fan loyalty">Fan loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_sport" title="Philosophy of sport">Philosophy of sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_sport" title="Racism in sport">Racism in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectator_sport" title="Spectator sport">Spectator sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports fan">Sports fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_rivalries" title="List of sports rivalries">Sports rivalry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Actions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Booing" title="Booing">Booing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheering" title="Cheering">Cheering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowd_abuse" title="Crowd abuse">Crowd abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_at_sporting_events" title="Music at sporting events">Music</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fight_song" title="Fight song">Fight song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_anthem" title="Stadium anthem">Stadium anthem</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_invasion" title="Pitch invasion">Pitch invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trash_talk" title="Trash talk">Trash talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_in_sports" title="Violence in sports">Violence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheerleading" title="Cheerleading">Cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundhopping" title="Groundhopping">Groundhopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haka_(sports)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haka (sports)">Haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooliganism" title="Hooliganism">Hooliganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_betting" title="Sports betting">Sports betting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_tourism" title="Sports tourism">Sports tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifo" title="Tifo">Tifo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultures by sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cricket</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barmy_Army" title="Barmy Army">Barmy Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_wench" title="Beer wench">Beer wench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_snake" title="Beer snake">Beer snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledging_(cricket)" title="Sledging (cricket)">Sledging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North American sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_sport_ritual_in_the_United_States" title="Collegiate sport ritual in the United States">Collegiate sport rituals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jock_(stereotype)" title="Jock (stereotype)">Jocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_cam" title="Kiss cam">Kiss cam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_culture" title="Surf culture">Surf culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailgate_party" title="Tailgate party">Tailgate party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_culture" title="Association football culture">Association football culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football_culture" title="Australian rules football culture">Australian rules football culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_at_sporting_events" title="Music at sporting events">Songs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_anthem" title="Stadium anthem">Stadium anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_chant" title="Football chant">Football chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_song" title="Fight song">Fight song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_memorabilia" title="Sports memorabilia">Sports memorabilia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)" title="Sportswear (fashion)">Clothing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Away_colours" title="Away colours">Away colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_jersey" title="Third jersey">Third jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwback_uniform" title="Throwback uniform">Throwback uniform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_(sports)" title="Name (sports)">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_(sports)" title="Number (sports)">Number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_cap" title="Rally cap">Rally cap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protective_equipment_in_gridiron_football" title="Protective equipment in gridiron football">American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_(association_football)" title="Kit (association football)">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_(Australian_rules_football)" title="Guernsey (Australian rules football)">Australian football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_uniform" title="Baseball uniform">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_uniform" title="Basketball uniform">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_kit" title="Cycling kit">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_jersey" title="Hockey jersey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_shirt" title="Rugby shirt">Rugby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Event_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Event programme">Event programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennant_(sports)" title="Pennant (sports)">Pennant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_towel" title="Rally towel">Rally towel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supporter_scarf" class="mw-redirect" title="Supporter scarf">Supporter scarf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supporters%27_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Supporters' groups">Types of supporter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barra_brava" title="Barra brava">Barra brava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_(subculture)" title="Casual (subculture)">Casuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooligan_firm" class="mw-redirect" title="Hooligan firm">Hooligan firm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roligan" class="mw-redirect" title="Roligan">Roligan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supporters%27_trust" title="Supporters' trust">Supporters' trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifosi" title="Tifosi">Tifosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torcida_organizada" title="Torcida organizada">Torcedor organizado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultras" title="Ultras">Ultras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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