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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Using_technology_for_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_technology_for_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Using technology for enforcement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_technology_for_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Critiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_instances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_instances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable instances</span> </div> </a> <button 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href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myanmar_(Burma)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myanmar_(Burma)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Myanmar (Burma)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myanmar_(Burma)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cambodia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cambodia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Cambodia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cambodia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Chile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China_(PRC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People's_Republic_of_China_(PRC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>People's Republic of China (PRC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China_(PRC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_China_(ROC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_China_(ROC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Republic of China (ROC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_China_(ROC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hawaii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hawaii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Hawaii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hawaii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.12</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.13</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.14</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.15</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.16</span> <span>Nigeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.17</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholic_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholic_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.18</span> <span>Catholic Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholic_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.19</span> <span>Singapore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.20</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.21</span> <span>Soviet Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tunisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tunisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.22</span> <span>Tunisia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tunisia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.23</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.24</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yugoslavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yugoslavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.25</span> <span>Yugoslavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yugoslavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">House arrest</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="إقامة جبرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إقامة جبرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF" title="গৃহবন্দি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গৃহবন্দি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Домашен арест – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Домашен арест" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrest_domiciliari" title="Arrest domiciliari – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arrest domiciliari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD_v%C4%9Bzen%C3%AD" title="Domácí vězení – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Domácí vězení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husarrest" title="Husarrest – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Husarrest" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausarrest" title="Hausarrest – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hausarrest" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arresto_domiciliario" title="Arresto domiciliario – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arresto domiciliario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hejmaresto" title="Hejmaresto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hejmaresto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etxe_barruko_arrastatze" title="Etxe barruko arrastatze – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Etxe barruko arrastatze" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%B3_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="حبس خانگی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حبس خانگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9tention_%C3%A0_domicile" title="Détention à domicile – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Détention à domicile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%ED%83%9D_%EC%97%B0%EA%B8%88" title="가택 연금 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가택 연금" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahanan_rumah" title="Tahanan rumah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tahanan rumah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detenzione_domiciliare" title="Detenzione domiciliare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Detenzione domiciliare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מעצר בית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעצר בית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahanan_omah" title="Tahanan omah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tahanan omah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%B9_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%A8" title="ಗೃಹ ಬಂಧನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗೃಹ ಬಂಧನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D2%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Үйде қамап ұстау – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үйде қамап ұстау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1zi_%C5%91rizet" title="Házi őrizet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Házi őrizet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD" title="വീട്ടുതടങ്കൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വീട്ടുതടങ്കൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="နေအိမ် အကျယ်ချုပ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နေအိမ် အကျယ်ချုပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huisarrest" title="Huisarrest – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Huisarrest" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E7%A6%81" title="軟禁 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="軟禁" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husarrest" title="Husarrest – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Husarrest" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husarrest" title="Husarrest – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Husarrest" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areszt_domowy" title="Areszt domowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Areszt domowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pris%C3%A3o_domiciliar" title="Prisão domiciliar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Prisão domiciliar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arest_la_domiciliu" title="Arest la domiciliu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arest la domiciliu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Домашний арест – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Домашний арест" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_arrest" title="House arrest – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="House arrest" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seetee_guri" title="Seetee guri – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Seetee guri" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C4%87ni_pritvor" title="Kućni pritvor – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kućni pritvor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotiaresti" title="Kotiaresti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kotiaresti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husarrest" title="Husarrest – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Husarrest" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வீட்டுக் காவல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வீட்டுக் காவல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ev_hapsi" title="Ev hapsi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ev hapsi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82" title="Домашній арешт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Домашній арешт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3n_th%C3%BAc_t%E1%BA%A1i_gia" title="Quản thúc tại gia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quản thúc tại gia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E7%A6%81" title="軟禁 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="軟禁" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Confinement of a person to their residence by law enforcement authorities</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/House_arrest_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="House arrest (disambiguation)">House arrest (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/House_arrest" title="Special:EditPage/House arrest">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22House+arrest%22">"House arrest"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22House+arrest%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22House+arrest%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22House+arrest%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22House+arrest%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22House+arrest%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsarevich_Alexei_and_Grand_Duchess_Tatiana_in_the_Park_at_Tsarskoye_Selo_in_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tsarevich_Alexei_and_Grand_Duchess_Tatiana_in_the_Park_at_Tsarskoye_Selo_in_1917.jpg/220px-Tsarevich_Alexei_and_Grand_Duchess_Tatiana_in_the_Park_at_Tsarskoye_Selo_in_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tsarevich_Alexei_and_Grand_Duchess_Tatiana_in_the_Park_at_Tsarskoye_Selo_in_1917.jpg/330px-Tsarevich_Alexei_and_Grand_Duchess_Tatiana_in_the_Park_at_Tsarskoye_Selo_in_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tsarevich_Alexei_and_Grand_Duchess_Tatiana_in_the_Park_at_Tsarskoye_Selo_in_1917.jpg/440px-Tsarevich_Alexei_and_Grand_Duchess_Tatiana_in_the_Park_at_Tsarskoye_Selo_in_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Nikolaevich,_Tsarevich_of_Russia" title="Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia">Alexei Nikolaevich</a> and his sister <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Tatiana_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia">Tatiana Nikolaevna</a> surrounded by guards during their house arrest in <a href="/wiki/Tsarskoye_Selo" title="Tsarskoye Selo">Tsarskoye Selo</a>, April 1917</figcaption></figure> <p><b>House arrest</b> (also called <b>home confinement</b>, or <b><a href="/wiki/Electronic_monitoring_in_the_United_States" title="Electronic monitoring in the United States">electronic monitoring</a></b>) is a legal measure where a person is required to remain at their residence under supervision, typically as an alternative to imprisonment. The person is confined by the authorities to their <a href="/wiki/House" title="House">residence</a>. <a href="/wiki/Travel" title="Travel">Travel</a> is usually restricted and may require prior approval. </p><p>During house arrest, the individual may be monitored electronically, and their movements are typically tracked. House arrest is also used in some cases for individuals convicted of minor offenses. In certain situations, such as in <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoritarian">authoritarian</a> regimes, house arrest may be used to restrict the freedom of political governments against political <a href="/wiki/Dissident" title="Dissident">dissidents</a>, sometimes limiting or monitoring their communication with the outside world. If electronic communication is allowed, conversations may be monitored. There are many critiques on how effective house arrest is. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judges have imposed sentences of home confinement, as an alternative to prison, as far back as the 17th century. <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a> was confined to his home following his <a href="/wiki/Galileo_affair" title="Galileo affair">infamous trial</a> in 1633. Authorities often used house arrest to confine political leaders who were deposed in a coup d'état, but this method was not widely used to confine numerous common criminals. Over time, though, house arrest became more popular, especially as prisons and jails became overcrowded and expensive. </p><p>However, this method didn't become a widely used alternative to imprisonment in the United States and other Western countries until the 20th century, after it was introduced in the U.S. in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around this time, newly designed electronic monitoring devices made it more affordable and easier for corrections authorities to manage. Although Boston was using house arrest for a variety of arrangements, the first-ever court sentence of house arrest with an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_bracelet" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic bracelet">electronic bracelet</a> was in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>House arrest and electronic monitoring programs are among the most widely used alternatives to incarceration. It has been estimated that in 2005 roughly 20% of community-based supervision involved the use of electronic monitoring.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in the use of house arrest as well. To stop the spread of the virus in crowded prisons, many governments allowed people to serve their sentences at home instead. This was mostly done for non-violent offenders or people close to finishing their prison terms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Details">Details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this section <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit">improve this section</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:House_arrest" title="Talk:House arrest">talk page</a>, or create a new section, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Home detention is an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Incarceration" class="mw-redirect" title="Incarceration">imprisonment</a>; its goals are both to reduce recidivism and to decrease the number of prisoners, thereby saving money for states and other jurisdictions. It is a corrective to mandatory sentencing laws that greatly increased the incarceration rates in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-lev_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lev-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It allows eligible offenders to retain or seek employment, maintain family relationships and responsibilities and attend rehabilitative programs that contribute towards addressing the causes of their offending. </p><p>The terms of house arrest can differ, but most programs allow employed offenders to continue to work, and confine them to their residence only during non-working hours. Offenders are commonly allowed to leave their home for specific purposes; examples can include visits to the <a href="/wiki/Probation_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Probation officer">probation officer</a> or police station, religious services, education, attorney visits, court appearances, and medical appointments.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many programs also allow the convict to leave their residence during regular, pre-approved times in order to carry out general household errands, such as food shopping and laundry. Offenders may have to respond to communications from a higher authority to verify that they are at home when required to be. Exceptions are often made to allow visitors to visit the offender.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The types of house arrest vary in severity according to the requirements of the court order. A <a href="/wiki/Curfew" title="Curfew">curfew</a> may restrict an offender to their house at certain times, usually during hours of darkness. "Home confinement" or detention requires an offender to remain at home at all times, apart from the above-mentioned exceptions. </p><p>The most serious level of house arrest is "home incarceration", under which an offender is restricted to their residence 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, except for court-approved treatment programs, court appearances, and medical appointments.<sup id="cite_ref-lev_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lev-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some exceptional cases, it is possible for a person to be placed under house arrest without <a href="/wiki/Trial_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trial (law)">trial</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">legal representation</a>, and subject to restrictions on their associates.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some countries this type of detention without trial has been criticized for breaching the offender's <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human right</a> to a fair trial.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In countries with authoritarian systems of government, the government may use such measures to stifle dissent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Using_technology_for_enforcement">Using technology for enforcement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Using technology for enforcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some countries, house arrest is enforced through the use of technology products or services. One method is an electronic sensor locked around the offender's ankle (technically called an <a href="/wiki/Ankle_monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankle monitor">ankle monitor</a>, also referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Tether" title="Tether">tether</a>). The electronic sensor transmits an <a href="/wiki/RF" class="mw-redirect" title="RF">RF</a> signal to a base handset. The base handset is connected to a police station or for-profit monitoring service. </p><p>If the offender goes too far from their home, the violation is recorded, and the police will be notified. To discourage tampering, many ankle monitors detect attempted removal. The monitoring service is often contracted out to private companies, which assign employees to electronically monitor many convicts simultaneously. If a violation occurs the unit signals the officer or officer in charge immediately, depending on the severity of the violation. The officer will either call or verify the participant's whereabouts.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monitoring service notifies a convict's probation officer. The electronic surveillance together with frequent contact with their probation officer and checks by the security guards provides for a secure environment. </p><p>Another method of ensuring house arrest compliance is achieved through the use of automated calling services that require no human contact to check on the offender. Random calls are made to the residence. The respondent's answer is recorded and compared automatically to the offender's voice pattern. Authorities are notified only if the call is not answered or if the recorded answer does not match the offender's voice pattern. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Electronic_tagging" title="Electronic tagging">Electronic monitoring</a> is considered a highly economical alternative to the cost of imprisoning offenders. In many states or jurisdictions, the convict is often required to pay for the monitoring as part of his or her sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it’s important to recognize that “compared with non-custodial sanctions, incarceration appears to have a null or mildly criminogenic effect on future criminal behavior.”<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that while house arrest can be a better option than prison, its effectiveness in preventing reoffending prisoners can vary from person to person. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critiques">Critiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Critiques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>quotations need attribution and context.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/House_arrest" title="Special:EditPage/House arrest">improve this section</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>House arrest, especially used as electronically monitored home confinement, has received criticism for many reasons. Critics argue that while the system is meant to provide a sense of freedom, it actually leads to limitations on personal choice and privacy. Erving Goffman, a Canadian Sociologist, talks about his ideas of total institutions, which leads to these critiques. "Goffman uses the term ‘‘total institutions’’ as a sensitizing concept to refer to organizations that separate certain types of people from the rest of society".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He describes total institutions as places that separate individuals from society and control their daily lives. The use of house arrest is direct description of what he talks about. Although house arrest allows individuals to stay at home, it uses similar restrictions that jails and prisons have through the electronic monitoring. "It would seem that those under house arrest would have the opposite experience, as they are actually confined to their home world. Yet, while a sentence to electronic monitoring means that clients still spend time with their family and domestic partners, the disciplinary regime of house arrest significantly shapes those relationships".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "House arrest officers also meet with ‘‘collateral contacts’’ and make unannounced on-site visits to places of employment and residences."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Residence checks by law enforcement in house arrest programs can be seen as invasive and cause privacy issues for people serving time. "Spelman (1995) had 128 convicted offenders rate the punitiveness of criminal sanctions. He found that 75% identified some intermediate sanctions as being more punitive than a sentence of incarceration."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these offenders felt that alternative punishments outside of prison were more difficult or restrictive than serving time behind bars. This could be due to the constant surveillance, loss of personal freedom, or the challenges of living under close restrictions. These strict rules have many critiques facing the system and look for a return of action. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_instances">Notable instances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable instances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This section has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/House_arrest" title="Special:EditPage/House arrest">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:House_arrest" title="Talk:House arrest">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/House_arrest" title="Special:EditPage/House arrest">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup-list plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">unverified</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_information" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">indiscriminate</a> information</b> in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Embedded_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Embedded lists">embedded lists</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit">clean up the lists</a> by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Algeria">Algeria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Algeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ben_Bella" title="Ahmed Ben Bella">Ahmed Ben Bella</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Heads_of_State_of_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of State of Algeria">president of Algeria</a>, deposed by <a href="/wiki/Houari_Boum%C3%A9di%C3%A8nne" class="mw-redirect" title="Houari Boumédiènne">Houari Boumédiènne</a> in 1965. He was held under house arrest before being exiled in 1980.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Videla" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorge Videla">Jorge Videla</a>, former dictator of <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> (was held by house arrest only for a period)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Derryn_Hinch" title="Derryn Hinch">Derryn Hinch</a>, New Zealand media personality based in Melbourne, Australia; he was placed under house arrest for five months for breaching <a href="/wiki/Gag_orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Gag orders">gag orders</a> by naming two <a href="/wiki/Sex_offenders" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex offenders">sex offenders</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Myanmar_(Burma)"><span id="Myanmar_.28Burma.29"></span>Myanmar (Burma)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Myanmar (Burma)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a>, winner of the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> and leader of her country's pro-democracy movement, was punished with house arrest for most of the period from July 1989 to November 2010. After being released from her initial confinement after six years in 1995, she was convicted again and imprisoned in 2000. Two years later, she was again released. She was convicted and jailed for the third time under house arrest for her criticism of the government following the infamous <a href="/wiki/Depayin_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Depayin Massacre">Depayin Massacre</a> in 2003. After her 14th year of prison, she was released to her dilapidated home in Rangoonhe. She had to serve another 18 months in prison, convicted by a Burmese regional court in August 2009 after an American swam across <a href="/wiki/Inya_Lake" title="Inya Lake">Inya Lake</a> to her house.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United Nations has declared all of her periods under house arrest as arbitrary and unjust. She was released on 13 November 2010.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ne_Win" title="Ne Win">Ne Win</a>, former military commander of Burma from 1962. He was believed to be behind the <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> of 1988 which officially deposed him. Following his son-in-law's effort to regain power, Ne Win was sentenced to house arrest in 2001, serving until he died in December 2002.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cambodia">Cambodia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cambodia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pol_Pot" title="Pol Pot">Pol Pot</a>, former premier of Cambodia. He was placed under house arrest in 1998 by <a href="/wiki/Ta_Mok" title="Ta Mok">Ta Mok</a>, a rival <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> leader.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile">Chile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Chile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>On January 5, 2005, former dictator <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a> was placed under house arrest by orders of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Chile" title="Supreme Court of Chile">Supreme Court of Chile</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Republic_of_China_(PRC)"><span id="People.27s_Republic_of_China_.28PRC.29"></span>People's Republic of China (PRC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: People's Republic of China (PRC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The People's Republic of China continues to use <a href="/wiki/Soft_detention" title="Soft detention">soft detention</a>, a traditional form of house arrest used by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a>, purged <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a>, was put under house arrest for the last 16 years of his life after the <a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>'s Central Office approved all of his movements outside his home; he was restricted to quiet travel to different places inside China and to play golf.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Yanyong" title="Jiang Yanyong">Jiang Yanyong</a>, physician who revealed <a href="/wiki/SARS" title="SARS">SARS</a> incident in China. He was put under house arrest after requesting the government to investigate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedhun_Choekyi_Nyima" title="Gedhun Choekyi Nyima">Gendhun Choekyi Nyima</a>, an alleged reincarnation or <a href="/wiki/Tulku" title="Tulku">Tulku</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gelug" title="Gelug">Gelug</a> sect of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> was recognized by the present <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a>. The Chinese took him into custody and sentenced him to house arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xia_(poet)" title="Liu Xia (poet)">Liu Xia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_China_(ROC)"><span id="Republic_of_China_.28ROC.29"></span>Republic of China (ROC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Republic of China (ROC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xueliang" title="Zhang Xueliang">Zhang Xueliang</a>, ordered by <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> to be kept under house arrest after the <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Incident" title="Xi'an Incident">Xi'an Incident</a> in 1936. Even after the Nationalists' retreat to Taiwan, he remained in house arrest until <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Ching-kuo" title="Chiang Ching-kuo">Chiang Ching-kuo</a>'s death in 1988.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Haytham" title="Ibn al-Haytham">Ibn al-Haytham</a> (Alhacen), <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraqi</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic science">scientist</a> working in Egypt. In 1011, he <a href="/wiki/Feigned_madness" title="Feigned madness">feigned madness</a> in fear of angering the Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah</a>. He was kept under house arrest until the caliph's death in 1021.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naguib" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Naguib">Muhammad Naguib</a>, former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">president of Egypt</a>. He led a military coup in 1953 and deposed the former <a href="/wiki/King_Farouk" class="mw-redirect" title="King Farouk">King Farouk</a>. He was deposed by <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Nasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamal Nasser">Gamal Nasser</a> in 1954 and placed under house arrest.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hawaii">Hawaii</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hawaii"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The last Hawaiian queen <a href="/wiki/Liliuokalani" class="mw-redirect" title="Liliuokalani">Liliuokalani</a> persuaded leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a> to commute her prison sentence to house arrest. She was confined to an upstairs bedroom of <a href="/wiki/Iolani_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Iolani Palace">Iolani Palace</a> until she was released in 1896.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The pro-democracy media tycoon <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Lai" title="Jimmy Lai">Jimmy Lai</a> was granted bail by <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Hong_Kong" title="High Court of Hong Kong">High Court of Hong Kong</a> pending trial for charges under the <a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">Hong Kong national security law</a>. The conditions for his bail included a term prohibiting Lai from leaving his residence except going to police station and court. It implied that Lai was put under a de facto house arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a>, first <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Republic of Indonesia">president of Indonesia</a>. He was deposed in 1967 by <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">General Suharto</a> (see: <a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transition to the New Order</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a>, second <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Republic of Indonesia">president of Indonesia</a>, was placed under house arrest for his corruption charges in May 2000. However, he was freed due to health problems in September 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammad Mosaddegh</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Ministers_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Ministers of Iran">premier of Iran</a> was <a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">deposed by coup</a> in 1953 with support of the United States. Following three years of imprisonment, he was placed under house arrest until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT4_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ayatollah_Hossein-Ali_Montazeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri">Grand Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri</a> was sentenced to house arrest from 1997 to 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Karroubi" title="Mehdi Karroubi">Mehdi Karroubi</a>, an influential Iranian <a href="/wiki/Iranian_reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian reform movement">reformist</a> <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a>, democracy activist, <a href="/wiki/Mojtahed" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojtahed">mojtahed</a>, and chairman of the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_Party_(Iran)" title="National Trust Party (Iran)">National Trust Party</a>, Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Majlis_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis of Iran">parliament</a> from 1989 to 1992 and 2000 to 2004, and a presidential candidate in the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_presidential_election,_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian presidential election, 2005">2005</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iranian_presidential_election,_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian presidential election, 2009">2009 presidential elections</a>. He has been under house arrest since February 2011.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir-Hossein_Mousavi" title="Mir-Hossein Mousavi">Mir-Hossein Mousavi</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iran" title="Demographics of Iran">Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Iranian_reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian reform movement">reformist</a> politician, painter and architect who served as the 79th and last <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iran" title="Prime Minister of Iran">prime minister of Iran</a> from 1981 to 1989. He was a candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_presidential_election,_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian presidential election, 2009">2009 presidential election</a>. He has been under house arrest since February 2011.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googoosh" title="Googoosh">Googoosh</a> is a famous Iranian singer and actress. After the Iranian Revolution she was under a 21-year ban from performing and was assumed to be under house arrest for much of the time.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Italy, house arrest (in Italian <i>arresti domiciliari</i>) is a common practice of <a href="/wiki/Remand_(detention)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remand (detention)">detaining suspects</a>, as an alternative to detention in a correctional facility, and is also commonly practiced on those felons who are close to the end of their prison terms, or for those whose health condition does not allow residence in a correctional facility, except some particular cases of extremely dangerous persons. As per article 284 of the Italian Penal Procedure Code, house arrest is imposed by a judge, who orders the suspect to stay confined in their house, home, residence, private property, or any other place of cure or assistance where they may be housed at the moment. When necessary, the judge may also forbid any contact between the subject and any person other than those who cohabit with them or those who assist them. If the subject is unable to take care of their life necessities or if they are in conditions of absolute poverty, the judge may authorize them to leave their home for the strict necessary time to take care of said needs or to exercise a job. The prosecuting authorities and law enforcement can check at any moment whether the subject, who is <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> considered in state of detention, is complying with the order; violation of house arrest terms is immediately followed by transfer to a correctional facility. House arrests cannot be applied to a subject that has been found guilty of <a href="/wiki/Prison_escape" title="Prison escape">escape</a> within the previous five years. </p><p>Notable cases: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Priebke" title="Erich Priebke">Erich Priebke</a>, former <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> captain, condemned for war crimes (<a href="/wiki/Ardeatine_massacre" title="Ardeatine massacre">Ardeatine massacre</a> in Rome on 24 March 1944, when 335 Italian civilians were killed by Nazi force of occupation) to life imprisonment in 1996, spent under house arrest for the last part of his life, from 1998 to 2013 (when he died age of 100).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriano_Sofri" title="Adriano Sofri">Adriano Sofri</a>, journalist and former far left political leader, convicted in 1997 for the murder of Police Officer <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Calabresi" title="Luigi Calabresi">Luigi Calabresi</a> (1972), spent under house arrest, for health reasons, the period between 2005 and 2012.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvia_Baraldini" title="Silvia Baraldini">Silvia Baraldini</a>, activist of <a href="/wiki/Black_Liberation_Army" title="Black Liberation Army">Black Liberation Army</a> in the US (sentenced to 43 years by Federal Court under the <a href="/wiki/Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corrupt_Organizations_Act" title="Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act">Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act</a> (RICO) for conspiring to commit two armed robberies, driving a secondary getaway car during the prison break of murder convict and fellow political activist <a href="/wiki/Assata_Shakur" title="Assata Shakur">Assata Shakur</a>, and contempt of court), transferred to Italy in 1999, spent the sentence on house arrest from 2001 to 2006, for health reasons.</li> <li>Giovanni Scattone and Salvatore Ferraro, convicted for manslaughter of <a href="/wiki/Marta_Russo" class="mw-redirect" title="Marta Russo">Marta Russo</a>, spent a period of their sentence under house arrest and community service.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At sentencing, the judge may sentence an offender to home detention where they would otherwise receive a short-term prison sentence (i.e. two years or less). Home detention sentences range from 14 days and 12 months; offenders are confined to their approved residence 24 hours a day and may only leave with the permission of their probation officer. </p><p>Electronic monitoring equipment is extensively used by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Department_of_Corrections" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Department of Corrections">New Zealand Department of Corrections</a> to ensure that convicted offenders subject to home detention remain within approved areas. This takes the form of a Global Positioning System tracker fitted to the offender's ankle and monitoring units located at their residence and place of employment. As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> over three thousand persons were serving home detention sentences under GPS surveillance. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Rudd" title="Phil Rudd">Phil Rudd</a>, drummer for Australian rock group <a href="/wiki/AC/DC" title="AC/DC">AC/DC</a>, was sentenced to eight months' home detention at his waterfront mansion in <a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a> for charges relating to <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a> possession and making <a href="/wiki/Death_threats" class="mw-redirect" title="Death threats">death threats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Nigeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shehu_Shagari" title="Shehu Shagari">Shehu Shagari</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="President of Nigeria">President of Nigeria</a> was placed under house arrest on December 31, 1983, following a military coup which ousted his government (see: <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Second_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Second Republic">Nigerian Second Republic</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammadu_Buhari" title="Muhammadu Buhari">General Muhammadu Buhari</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="President of Nigeria">Military Head of State</a> was confined to his residence following the palace coup which ejected him from office.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshood_Kashimawo_Olawale_Abiola" class="mw-redirect" title="Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola">MKO Abiola</a>, was placed under house arrest after he declared himself the rightful winner of the 1993 <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Third_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Third Republic">presidential elections</a>, against the wishes of the <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Babangida" title="Ibrahim Babangida">Ibrahim Babangida</a> military junta. He was detained for five years until his death in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan">9th</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime minister</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Pakistan">4th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a>. He was deposed in 1977 in a <a href="/wiki/Military_coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Military coup">military coup</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Fair_Play" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Fair Play">Operation Fair Play</a></i> – led by <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Army Staff</a> General <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a>. Bhutto was put to trial and hanged later in 1979.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaz_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Navaz Sharif">Navaz Sharif</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan">12th</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime minister</a>. Sharif was deposed in 1999 in a <a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Pakistani coup d'état">similar military coup</a> led by Chief of Army Staff and <a href="/wiki/Chairman_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)">Chairman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee">Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee</a> General <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a>. Sharif was put in a forced trial, but due to foreign pressure exerted by <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and the United States, Sharif was exiled to Saudi Arabia which narrowly spared his life to face the same fate as of Bhutto.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imran_Khan" title="Imran Khan">Imran Khan</a>, former captain of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_national_cricket_team" title="Pakistan national cricket team">Pakistan cricket team</a> and chairman of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf"><i>Pakistan Movement of Justice</i></a> (PTI), was placed under house arrest at the declaration of a <a href="/wiki/2007_Pakistani_state_of_emergency" title="2007 Pakistani state of emergency">state of emergency</a> by Chief of Army Staff General <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> on November 3, 2007.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Iftikhar_Muhammad_Chaudhry" class="mw-redirect" title="Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry">Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice of Pakistan</a>, was put under house arrest on November 3, 2007, by General Pervez Musharraf. His arrest led to <a href="/wiki/Movement_to_impeach_Pervez_Musharraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf">mass protest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawyers%27_Movement" title="Lawyers' Movement">Lawyers' Movement</a>.</li> <li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadeer_Khan" title="Abdul Qadeer Khan">Abdul Qadeer Khan</a>, Pakistan's top scientist and founder of Pakistan's Gas-centrifuge program of the Pakistan's nuclear device was also put under house arrest for a long time by General Pervez Musharraf. Khan was forced to attend continuous military debriefings by Musharraf and was put in house arrest for a long time. Later, he was released from imprisonment in 2008 by the order of <a href="/wiki/Islamabad_High_Court" title="Islamabad High Court">Islamabad High Court</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court of Pakistan</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholic_Church">Catholic Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Catholic Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> was put under house arrest for his advocacy for Copernicus's theory of the Sun in the middle of the universe and the Earth in motion about the Sun. He stayed under house arrest from 1634 until his death in 1642.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singapore">Singapore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Singapore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chia_Thye_Poh" title="Chia Thye Poh">Chia Thye Poh</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">leftist populist</a> Member of Parliament, was arrested without charges and held under detention without trial between 1966 and 1989 under the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Act_(Singapore)" title="Internal Security Act (Singapore)">Internal Security Act</a> for allegedly conducting pro-<a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> activities against the government, with the intention of causing a <a href="/wiki/Communist_revolution" title="Communist revolution">communist revolution</a>. 22 years later, he was released and placed under house arrest for another nine years in a guardhouse on the resort island of <a href="/wiki/Sentosa" title="Sentosa">Sentosa</a> and made to pay the rent, on the pretext that he was now a "free" man. All restrictions were eventually lifted in 1998.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_Iswaran" class="mw-redirect" title="S Iswaran">S Iswaran</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a> Member of Parliament and cabinet minister, was <a href="/wiki/Prosecution_of_S._Iswaran" title="Prosecution of S. Iswaran">prosecuted</a> in January 2024 for involvement in 35 charges for corruption relating to businessman <a href="/wiki/Ong_Beng_Seng" title="Ong Beng Seng">Ong Beng Seng</a> and obstruction of justice.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was imprisoned for a year starting October 7, 2024,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before commuting to house arrest four months into his imprisonment on February 8, 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>House arrest was a common tool of the South African <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> government, used to silence their opponents, along with <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_subject_to_banning_orders_under_apartheid" title="List of people subject to banning orders under apartheid">banning orders</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Joseph" title="Helen Joseph">Helen Joseph</a> was the first person put under house arrest, on 13 October 1962, and was not released until a cancer diagnosis in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-side_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-side-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bram_Fischer" title="Bram Fischer">Bram Fischer</a>, after being diagnosed with cancer while in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria_Local_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Pretoria Local Prison">Pretoria Local Prison</a> after being sentenced to life for furthering Communism in <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>-era South Africa, was released to be placed under house arrest due to pressure from the <a href="/wiki/Internal_resistance_to_apartheid" title="Internal resistance to apartheid">anti-apartheid</a> groups.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Kathrada" title="Ahmed Kathrada">Ahmed Kathrada</a> ("Kathy")<sup id="cite_ref-side_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-side-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu" title="Walter Sisulu">Walter Sisulu</a><sup id="cite_ref-side_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-side-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnie_Mandela" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnie Mandela">Winnie Mandela</a><sup id="cite_ref-ban_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ban-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Baard" title="Frances Baard">Frances Baard</a><sup id="cite_ref-ban_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ban-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sobukwe" title="Robert Sobukwe">Robert Sobukwe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_Union">Soviet Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otmaincaptivity1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Otmaincaptivity1917.jpg/220px-Otmaincaptivity1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Otmaincaptivity1917.jpg/330px-Otmaincaptivity1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Otmaincaptivity1917.jpg/440px-Otmaincaptivity1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/List_of_Grand_Duchesses_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Grand Duchesses of Russia">Grand Duchesses</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Nikolaevna_of_Russia_(1899%E2%80%931918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (1899–1918)">Maria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Olga_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia">Olga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia">Anastasia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Tatiana_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia">Tatiana Nikolaevna</a> under house arrest in <a href="/wiki/Tsarskoye_Selo" title="Tsarskoye Selo">Tsarskoye Selo</a>, May 1917</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Feodorovna_(Alix_of_Hesse)" title="Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)">his wife</a>, <a href="/wiki/OTMA" title="OTMA">four daughters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Nikolaevich,_Tsarevich_of_Russia" title="Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia">one son</a> and four retainers were placed under house arrest for over a year before communist revolutionaries <a href="/wiki/Execution_of_the_Romanov_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Execution of the Romanov family">murdered them on 17 July 1918</a>.</li> <li>Former <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> was placed under house arrest for the seven years before his death after being deposed in 1964.</li> <li>Academician <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Sakharov" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrey Sakharov">Andrey Sakharov</a> was placed under house arrest in 1980 and released in 1987. In 1991 The president of the Soviet Union, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>, was placed under house arrest during the <a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt">1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt</a> on August 19, 1991.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tunisia">Tunisia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Tunisia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Bourguiba" title="Habib Bourguiba">Habib Bourguiba</a>, former <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Tunisia">president of Tunisia</a>. He was deposed in a military coup in 1987 and held in house arrest.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_VIII_al-Amin" title="Muhammad VIII al-Amin">Muhammad VIII al-Amin</a>, former king of Tunisia, was deposed in 1957 by Habib Bourguiba and restrained to house arrest.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Home_Detention_Curfew" title="Home Detention Curfew">Home Detention Curfew</a></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act_2005" title="Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005">Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005</a> (repealed 2011) provided that suspected terrorists could be detained under house arrest without trial.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was repealed on the grounds that it was a breach of the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Act_1998" title="Human Rights Act 1998">Human Rights Act 1998</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6ix9ine" title="6ix9ine">6ix9ine</a>, a rapper known for "<a href="/wiki/Gummo_(song)" title="Gummo (song)">Gummo</a>", and <i><a href="/wiki/Day69" title="Day69">Day69</a></i>. He was released from his 2-year prison sentence for racketeering and drug trafficking, due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, and was placed in house arrest until November 2020.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_Al-Arian" title="Sami Al-Arian">Sami Al-Arian</a>, a professor and prominent advocate for human rights, named by Newsweek as a "premier civil rights activist" for his efforts to repeal the use of secret evidence in trials, was held under house arrest in Northern Virginia from 2008 until 2014 when federal prosecutors filed a motion to dismiss charges against him. Al-Arian had visited the White House several times, had met Bill and Hillary Clinton, and had met and campaigned for George W. Bush.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Calley" title="William Calley">William Calley</a>, U.S. Army officer responsible for the <a href="/wiki/My_Lai_massacre" title="My Lai massacre">My Lai massacre</a>, served <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> years under house arrest when the president commuted his original sentence of life imprisonment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Dre" title="Dr. Dre">Dr. Dre</a> (born Andre Romelle Young), one of the founding fathers of <a href="/wiki/Gangsta_rap" title="Gangsta rap">gangsta rap</a> and former member of the influential hip-hop group <a href="/wiki/N.W.A" title="N.W.A">N.W.A</a>, was sentenced to house arrest after being convicted of assaulting a record producer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_King" title="Rodney King">Rodney King</a>, motorist who served a short sentence under house arrest for reckless driving.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_Lafave" title="Debra Lafave">Debra Lafave</a>, a former middle-school <a href="/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher">teacher</a>, was sentenced to three years of house arrest on November 22, 2005, for "<a href="/wiki/Sexual_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual battery">lewd and lascivious battery</a>" on a 14-year-old student.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Lamo" title="Adrian Lamo">Adrian Lamo</a>, served six months under house arrest following his convictions for hacking into <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lil_Boosie" class="mw-redirect" title="Lil Boosie">Boosie Badazz</a> (born Torrence Hatch); the rapper was held under house arrest awaiting trial after East Baton Rouge sheriff's deputies found <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">marijuana</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Glock" title="Glock">Glock</a> in his car.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan" title="Lindsay Lohan">Lindsay Lohan</a> in 2011, served house arrest for violating her probation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Madoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Madoff">Bernard Madoff</a>, after his <a href="/wiki/Madoff_investment_scandal" title="Madoff investment scandal">investment scandal</a> was discovered, and $50 billion went missing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a>, under house arrest awaiting trial for various charges related to the <a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">Special Counsel investigation into Donald Trump's presidential campaign</a>. He was returned to jail on June 15, 2018, on suspicion of obstruction of justice and witness tampering.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Rowland" title="John G. Rowland">John G. Rowland</a>, former governor of <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, spent four months under house arrest after serving 10 months in federal prison for corruption while in office.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Sandusky" title="Jerry Sandusky">Jerry Sandusky</a>, former college football coach, spent 10 months under house arrest during his sex abuse trial. He was placed on house arrest in December 2011 after he posted $250,000 bail on the sex abuse charges, because a judge ruled that he was too dangerous to be outside his home. Sandusky caused public concern, as his backyard bordered a school playground, and he was often seen on his back porch watching school kids play during break times, which many found inappropriate for a man who was awaiting trial on charges of abusing children.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sandusky was convicted of the charges in June 2012, but remained on house arrest until his sentencing on October 9, 2012, when he was sentenced to a prison term of 30 to 60 years, a practical life sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sandusky was not given credit for the time he served under house arrest, meaning his earliest possible release date is exactly 30 years from the day of his sentencing.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dont%C3%A9_Stallworth" title="Donté Stallworth">Donté Stallworth</a>, an NFL wide receiver, was sentenced on June 16, 2009, to two years under house arrest for killing a pedestrian with his vehicle due to <a href="/wiki/Driving_while_intoxicated" class="mw-redirect" title="Driving while intoxicated">driving while intoxicated</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami, Florida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Stewart" title="Martha Stewart">Martha Stewart</a> was sentenced to five months under house arrest following her release from prison on March 4, 2005.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Strauss-Kahn" title="Dominique Strauss-Kahn">Dominique Strauss-Kahn</a> was held under house arrest on <a href="/wiki/Bail" title="Bail">bail</a> as an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Remand_(detention)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remand (detention)">detention</a> at <a href="/wiki/Riker%27s_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Riker's Island">Riker's Island</a> before his trial for sexual assault. Strauss-Kahn was released from house arrest on 1 July 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Tate" title="Lionel Tate">Lionel Tate</a> was sentenced to one year under house arrest under the terms of the plea bargain offered in January 2004.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T.I._(rapper)" class="mw-redirect" title="T.I. (rapper)">T.I.</a> (born Clifford Joseph Harris), an American <a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">rapper</a> and co-CEO of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hustle_Records" title="Grand Hustle Records">Grand Hustle Records</a>, was sentenced to house arrest after gun charges.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Vick" title="Michael Vick">Michael Vick</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Falcons" title="Atlanta Falcons">Atlanta Falcons</a> <a href="/wiki/Quarterback" title="Quarterback">quarterback</a>, was approved for transition to home confinement from his federal incarceration on February 26, 2009.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Whitfield" title="Norman Whitfield">Norman Whitfield</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown</a> producer and songwriter, was convicted in 2005 of <a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">tax evasion</a> for failing to report more than $4 million worth of royalties to the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a>, fined $25,000 and sentenced to six months under house arrest in lieu of jail time because of health issues, including diabetes. Whitfield died of diabetes three years later.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay-K" title="Tay-K">Tay-K</a> (born Tamor McIntyre), an American rapper, was under house arrest, awaiting trial for capital murder and aggravated burglary charges. He cut off his ankle monitor and fled from his hometown of <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington, Texas</a> to <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth, New Jersey</a>. While a <a href="/wiki/Fugitive" title="Fugitive">fugitive</a>, he recorded his biggest hit single to date, "<a href="/wiki/The_Race_(Tay-K_song)" title="The Race (Tay-K song)">The Race</a>", before his capture on June 30, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Jones_(musician)" title="Austin Jones (musician)">Austin Jones</a>, American former <a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTuber</a> and singer placed on home confinement three days after he was arrested on June 12, 2017, for producing <a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">child pornography</a>. As a part of his release, he was barred from using the Internet and social media while he awaits trial.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_(cat)" title="Lewis (cat)">Lewis</a> A male Polydactyl Long-haired black and white cat who was placed under house arrest in March of 2006<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Yugoslavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Stepinac" title="Aloysius Stepinac">Aloysius Stepinac</a>, Cardinal Archbishop of Zagreb sentenced to 16 years imprisonment for collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/NDH" class="mw-redirect" title="NDH">Nezavisna Država Hrvatska</a> (Independent State of Croatia) regime, was released to house arrest after five years.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Gentleman_in_Moscow" title="A Gentleman in Moscow">A Gentleman in Moscow</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherish_(film)" title="Cherish (film)"><i>Cherish</i> (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disturbia_(film)" title="Disturbia (film)"><i>Disturbia</i> (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Arrest_(1996_film)" title="House Arrest (1996 film)"><i>House Arrest</i> (1996 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nines" title="The Nines">The Nines</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/100_Feet" title="100 Feet">100 Feet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man_and_the_Wasp" title="Ant-Man and the Wasp">Ant-Man and the Wasp</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tower_Heist" title="Tower Heist">Tower Heist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Dogs_(film)" title="Isle of Dogs (film)">Isle of Dogs</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goode_Behavior_(1996_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goode Behavior (1996 TV series)"><i>Goode Behavior</i> (TV series)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sopranos" title="The Sopranos">The Sopranos</a></i> – "<a href="/wiki/House_Arrest_(The_Sopranos)" title="House Arrest (The Sopranos)">House Arrest</a>" episode</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Guy" title="Family Guy">Family Guy</a></i> – "<a href="/wiki/Mind_Over_Murder" title="Mind Over Murder">Mind Over Murder</a>" episode</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shameless_(American_TV_series)" title="Shameless (American TV series)"><i>Shameless</i> (American TV series)</a> – multiple episodes (season 4)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Vandal" title="American Vandal">American Vandal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_(season_6)" class="mw-redirect" title="24 (season 6)"><i>24</i> (season 6)</a> – former US President Charles Logan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Collar_(TV_series)" title="White Collar (TV series)"><i>White Collar</i> (TV series)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/house_arrest" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/house arrest">house arrest</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curfew" title="Curfew">Curfew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">Exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_prison" title="Open prison">Open prison</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRichterRyserHostettler2021" class="citation journal cs1">Richter, Marina; Ryser, Barbara; Hostettler, Ueli (December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20662203211038489">"Punitiveness of electronic monitoring: Perception and experience of an alternative sanction"</a>. <i>European Journal of Probation</i>. <b>13</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">262–</span>281. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F20662203211038489">10.1177/20662203211038489</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2066-2203">2066-2203</a>.</cite><span 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March 29, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C189454%2C00.html">the original</a> on June 28, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FoxNews&rft.atitle=Crazy+Cat+Terrorizes+Connecticut+Town&rft.date=2006-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2F0%252C2933%252C189454%252C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+arrest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&oldid=1275335144">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_arrest&oldid=1275335144</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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