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id="toc-Second_round:_April_2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_round:_2014–2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_round:_2014–2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Third round: 2014–2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_round:_2014–2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 2014 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanctions_specific_to_Crimea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanctions_specific_to_Crimea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Sanctions specific to Crimea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanctions_specific_to_Crimea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015_–_2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015_–_2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 2015 – 2017 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015_–_2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.4 2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.5 2019 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_round:_2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_round:_2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Fourth round: 2022 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_round:_2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-11th_round:_June_2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#11th_round:_June_2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 11th round: June 2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-11th_round:_June_2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 Oil </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 Banking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_ruble" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_ruble"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2.1 The ruble </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_ruble-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dual-use_ban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dual-use_ban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.3 Dual-use ban </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dual-use_ban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EU_sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EU_sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 EU sanctions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EU_sanctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_impoundment_of_ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_impoundment_of_ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.1 European impoundment of ships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_impoundment_of_ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unilateral_sanctions_by_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unilateral_sanctions_by_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Unilateral sanctions by Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unilateral_sanctions_by_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_to_sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_to_sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Opposition to sanctions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opposition_to_sanctions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Opposition to sanctions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Opposition_to_sanctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2022_to_date" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_to_date"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 2022 to date </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_to_date-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efforts_to_lift_sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efforts_to_lift_sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Efforts to lift sanctions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efforts_to_lift_sanctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_actions_not_linked_directly_to_sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_actions_not_linked_directly_to_sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Other actions not linked directly to sanctions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_actions_not_linked_directly_to_sanctions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Other actions not linked directly to sanctions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Other_actions_not_linked_directly_to_sanctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air_travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Air travel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diplomatic_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomatic_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Diplomatic actions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomatic_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkish_control_of_transiting_ships_to/from_the_Black_Sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkish_control_of_transiting_ships_to/from_the_Black_Sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Turkish control of transiting ships to/from the Black Sea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkish_control_of_transiting_ships_to/from_the_Black_Sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_company_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_company_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Independent company actions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_company_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tax_haven" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tax_haven"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Tax haven </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tax_haven-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Political significance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_of_sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_of_sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Effects of sanctions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Effects_of_sanctions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Effects of sanctions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Effects_of_sanctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Effects_on_Russian_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_on_Russian_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Effects on Russian economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects_on_Russian_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2014–2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014–2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 2014–2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014–2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 2022 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.3 2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.4 2024 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_on_US_and_EU_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_on_US_and_EU_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Effects on US and EU countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects_on_US_and_EU_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2014-2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014-2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 2014-2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014-2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 2022–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_on_global_food_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_on_global_food_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Effect on global food supply </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect_on_global_food_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Other effects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shifting_to_safe_havens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shifting_to_safe_havens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.1 Shifting to safe havens </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shifting_to_safe_havens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.2 Space </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.3 Environmental effects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enforcement_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enforcement_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Enforcement efforts </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Enforcement_efforts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Enforcement efforts subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Enforcement_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Multilateral_cooperation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multilateral_cooperation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Multilateral cooperation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multilateral_cooperation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FinCEN_advisories_for_international_banking_and_finance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FinCEN_advisories_for_international_banking_and_finance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 FinCEN advisories for international banking and finance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FinCEN_advisories_for_international_banking_and_finance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enforcement_activities_of_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enforcement_activities_of_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Enforcement activities of the United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enforcement_activities_of_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_counter-sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_counter-sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Russian counter-sanctions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Russian_counter-sanctions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Russian counter-sanctions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Russian_counter-sanctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2014_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 2014 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016–2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016–2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 2016–2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016–2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022–2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022–2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 2022–2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022–2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 2024 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" > 24 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="العقوبات الدولية خلال الأزمة الأوكرانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العقوبات الدولية خلال الأزمة الأوكرانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_sankce_v_pr%C5%AFb%C4%9Bhu_ukrajinsk%C3%A9_krize" title="Mezinárodní sankce v průběhu ukrajinské krize – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mezinárodní sankce v průběhu ukrajinské krize" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%BF-%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Διεθνείς κυρώσεις κατά τη διάρκεια του Ρωσο-Ουκρανικού Πολέμου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διεθνείς κυρώσεις κατά τη διάρκεια του Ρωσο-Ουκρανικού Πολέμου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanciones_internacionales_durante_la_guerra_ruso-ucraniana" title="Sanciones internacionales durante la guerra ruso-ucraniana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sanciones internacionales durante la guerra ruso-ucraniana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazioarteko_zigorrak_Donbasseko_gerran" title="Nazioarteko zigorrak Donbasseko gerran – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nazioarteko zigorrak Donbasseko gerran" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87_-%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="تحریم‌های جهانی در طول جنگ روسیه -اوکراین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تحریم‌های جهانی در طول جنگ روسیه -اوکراین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctions_contre_la_Russie" title="Sanctions contre la Russie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sanctions contre la Russie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84-%EC%9A%B0%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%98_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81_%EC%A4%91_%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%AC" title="러시아-우크라이나 전쟁 중 국제 제재 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아-우크라이나 전쟁 중 국제 제재" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2_(2014)" title="Միջազգային պատժամիջոցներ Ռուսաստանի նկատմամբ (2014) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջազգային պատժամիջոցներ Ռուսաստանի նկատմամբ (2014)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanzioni_internazionali_durante_il_conflitto_russo-ucraino" title="Sanzioni internazionali durante il conflitto russo-ucraino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sanzioni internazionali durante il conflitto russo-ucraino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99-%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99" title="עיצומים בין-לאומיים בסכסוך האוקראיני-רוסי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצומים בין-לאומיים בסכסוך האוקראיני-רוסי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A5%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97-%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1" title="საერთაშორისო სანქციები რუსეთ-უკრაინის ომის დროს – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საერთაშორისო სანქციები რუსეთ-უკრაინის ომის დროს" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekatan_antarabangsa_semasa_Perang_Rusia-Ukraine" title="Sekatan antarabangsa semasa Perang Rusia-Ukraine – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sekatan antarabangsa semasa Perang Rusia-Ukraine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_sancties_tegen_Rusland_tijdens_de_Russisch-Oekra%C3%AFense_oorlog" title="Internationale sancties tegen Rusland tijdens de Russisch-Oekraïense oorlog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internationale sancties tegen Rusland tijdens de Russisch-Oekraïense oorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%DB%90_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AF_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%DB%90_%D9%BE%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="د روسيې او اوکراين د جګړې پر مهال نړيوال بنديزونه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د روسيې او اوکراين د جګړې پر مهال نړيوال بنديزونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankcje_mi%C4%99dzynarodowe_w_zwi%C4%85zku_z_wojn%C4%85_rosyjsko-ukrai%C5%84sk%C4%85" title="Sankcje międzynarodowe w związku z wojną rosyjsko-ukraińską – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sankcje międzynarodowe w związku z wojną rosyjsko-ukraińską" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%C3%A7%C3%B5es_internacionais_durante_a_Guerra_Russo-Ucraniana" title="Sanções internacionais durante a Guerra Russo-Ucraniana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sanções internacionais durante a Guerra Russo-Ucraniana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanc%C8%9Biuni_interna%C8%9Bionale_%C3%AEn_timpul_R%C4%83zboiului_Ruso-Ucrainean" title="Sancțiuni internaționale în timpul Războiului Ruso-Ucrainean – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sancțiuni internaționale în timpul Războiului Ruso-Ucrainean" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li 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For details about the sanctions following the 2022 escalation, see <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.</div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russo-Ukrainian_War_(outline)7467" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">outline</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Background</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">Budapest Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Munich_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin">2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a> (<a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">Odesa clashes</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Major topics</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine" title="Russian information war against Ukraine">Information war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_cyberwarfare" title="Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare">cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ukraine_ransomware_attacks" title="2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks">ransomware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks" title="2022 Ukraine cyberattacks">cyberattacks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Belarusian involvement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Media portrayal</a></li> <li>Foreign aid (<a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of humanitarian aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">humanitarian</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Crimean crisis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymnash" title="Krymnash">Krymnash</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Crimean_Parliament" title="Capture of the Crimean Parliament">Crimean Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Belbek_Airport" title="Capture of Belbek Airport">Belbek Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Southern_Naval_Base" title="Capture of Southern Naval Base">Southern Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Simferopol_incident" title="2014 Simferopol incident">2014 Simferopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 Russian protests</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">Timeline</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Donetsk_(2014)" title="Capture of Donetsk (2014)">Capture of Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sloviansk" title="Siege of Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kramatorsk" title="Battle of Kramatorsk">Kramatorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artemivsk" title="Battle of Artemivsk">Artemivsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mariupol_(2014)" title="Battle of Mariupol (2014)">Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2014)" title="Battles of Sievierodonetsk (2014)">Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_Air_Force_Il-76_shootdown" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown">Il-76 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelenopillia_rocket_attack" title="Zelenopillia rocket attack">Zelenopillia rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karlivka" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Karlivka">Karlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="First Battle of Donetsk Airport">1st Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Luhansk_Border_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of the Luhansk Border Base">Luhansk Border Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnyi_Lyman" title="Battle of Krasnyi Lyman">Krasnyi Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fights_on_the_Ukrainian%E2%80%93Russian_border_(2014)" title="Fights on the Ukrainian–Russian border (2014)">Sector D clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_of_the_95th_Brigade" title="Raid of the 95th Brigade">Raid of the 95th Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_in_Shakhtarsk_Raion" title="Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion">Shakhtarsk Raion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horlivka" title="Battle of Horlivka">Horlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yasynuvata" title="Battle of Yasynuvata">Yasynuvata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilovaisk" title="Battle of Ilovaisk">Ilovaisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novoazovsk" title="Battle of Novoazovsk">Novoazovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_on_Mariupol_(September_2014)" title="Offensive on Mariupol (September 2014)">2nd Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="Second Battle of Donetsk Airport">2nd Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debaltseve" title="Battle of Debaltseve">Debaltseve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">International recognition</a></li></ul> Post-Minsk II conflict <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2015)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyrokyne_standoff" title="Shyrokyne standoff">Shyrokyne (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2015)" title="Battle of Marinka (2015)">Marinka (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2016)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Svitlodarsk" title="Battle of Svitlodarsk">Svitlodarsk (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2017)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2017)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2017)">Avdiivka (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2017)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2017)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait_incident" title="Kerch Strait incident">Kerch Strait incident (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2019)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2020)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2021)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022</a></li></ul> Attacks on civilians <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Pentecostals_in_Sloviansk" title="Murder of Pentecostals in Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight 17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosvitlivka_refugee_convoy_attack" title="Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack">Novosvitlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_bus_attack" title="Volnovakha bus attack">Volnovakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_bus_station_attack" title="Donetsk bus station attack">Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_Mariupol_rocket_attack" title="January 2015 Mariupol rocket attack">Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Kramatorsk_rocket_attack" title="February 2015 Kramatorsk rocket attack">Kramatorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Timeline</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude to invasion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">Reactions</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Military engagements</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ukraine campaign">Northern Ukraine campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antonov_Airport" title="Battle of Antonov Airport">Antonov Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kyiv (2022)">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chernihiv" title="Siege of Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sumy" title="Battle of Sumy">Sumy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Ukraine campaign">Eastern Ukraine campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol" title="Siege of Mariupol">Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kharkiv (2022)">1st Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Izium" title="Battle of Izium">Izium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kharkiv_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive">2nd Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donbas_(2022)" title="Battle of Donbas (2022)">Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2022)" title="Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)">Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lysychansk" title="Battle of Lysychansk">Lysychansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soledar" title="Battle of Soledar">Soledar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut" title="Battle of Bakhmut">Bakhmut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast_campaign" title="Luhansk Oblast campaign">Luhansk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Battle of Marinka (2022–2023)">Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2023–2024)">Avdiivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokrovsk_offensive" title="Pokrovsk offensive">Pokrovsk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Ukraine campaign">Southern Ukraine campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kherson" title="Battle of Kherson">1st Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Melitopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Melitopol">Melitopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mykolaiv" title="Battle of Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kherson_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kherson counteroffensive">Kherson counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Kherson" title="Liberation of Kherson">2nd Kherson</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive" title="2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive">2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kursk_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kursk offensive">2024 Kursk offensive</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Effects and aftermath</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Peace negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_protests_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Protests in occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_and_intergovernmental_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Government and intergovernmental reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-government_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Non-government reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Non-government reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_protests_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present)">Russian protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)">ICJ case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures">Arrest warrants</a></li></ul> Related <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_resistance_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="Ukrainian resistance in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Ukrainian resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_and_Russian_partisan_movement_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian and Russian partisan movement (2022–present)">Belarusian and Russian partisan movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zagreb_Tu-141_crash" title="2022 Zagreb Tu-141 crash">Zagreb Tu-141 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_mystery_fires_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian mystery fires (2022–present)">Russian mystery fires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soloti_military_training_ground_shooting" title="Soloti military training ground shooting">Soloti training ground shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Brovary_helicopter_crash" title="2023 Brovary helicopter crash">Brovary helicopter crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Black_Sea_drone_incident" title="2023 Black Sea drone incident">Black Sea drone incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_accidental_bombing" title="2023 Belgorod accidental bombing">Belgorod accidental bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_military_aircraft_crashes" title="2023 Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes">Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Wagner_Group_plane_crash" title="2023 Wagner Group plane crash">Wagner Group plane crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_coup_attempt_allegations" title="2024 Ukrainian coup attempt allegations">Ukrainian coup attempt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions" title="International sanctions">International sanctions</a> have been imposed against <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> by a large number of countries, including the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/International_organisations" class="mw-redirect" title="International organisations">international organisations</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Russian annexation of Crimea</a>, which began in late February 2014. <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> has also been sanctioned for its cooperation with and assistance to Russian armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> The sanctions were imposed against individuals, businesses, and officials from Russia and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Russia responded with sanctions against several countries, including a total ban on food imports from <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-3">[3]</a> The sanctions contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble#Exchange_rates" title="Russian ruble">value's reduction of the Russian ruble</a> and worsened the <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:9-4">[4]</a> They also caused economic damage to the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union" title="Economy of the European Union">EU economy</a>, with total losses estimated at €100 billion (as of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit">[update]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-newsweek-5">[5]</a> As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit">[update]</a>, Russia's finance minister announced that the sanctions had cost Russia $40 billion, with another $100 billion loss in 2014 due to decrease in the <a href="/wiki/Price_of_oil" title="Price of oil">price of oil</a> the same year.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Following sanctions imposed in August 2018, economic losses incurred by Russia amounted to around 0.5–1.5% in foregone GDP growth.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> As of June 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit">[update]</a>, sanctions by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> continue to be in effect.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> In January 2022, the EU announced the latest extension of sanctions until 31 July 2022.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia's invasion of Ukraine</a> in February 2022, the United States, the EU,<a href="#cite_note-:4-11">[11]</a> and other countries<a href="#cite_note-:5-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">introduced or significantly expanded sanctions</a> to include Vladimir Putin and other government officials.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> They also cut off selected Russian banks from <a href="/wiki/SWIFT" title="SWIFT">SWIFT</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2022_boycott_of_Russia_and_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 boycott of Russia and Belarus">2022 boycott of Russia and Belarus</a> triggered the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian financial crisis">2022 Russian financial crisis</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_Ukraine_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present)">Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></div> Before the annexation of Crimea and the War in Donbas, tensions already existed between Russia and the United States over human rights issues. In December 2012, the U.S. enacted the <a href="/wiki/Magnitsky_Act" title="Magnitsky Act">Magnitsky Act</a>, intended to punish Russian officials responsible for the death of Russian tax accountant <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Magnitsky" title="Sergei Magnitsky">Sergei Magnitsky</a> in a Moscow prison in 2009 by prohibiting their entry to the US and use of its banking system and also to grant <a href="/wiki/Permanent_normal_trade_relations" title="Permanent normal trade relations">permanent normal trade relations</a> status to Russia.<a href="#cite_note-WP2012-15">[15]</a> 18 individuals were originally affected by the Act. In December 2016, Congress enacted the Global Magnitsky Act to allow the US Government to sanction foreign government officials implicated in human rights abuses anywhere in the world.<a href="#cite_note-HRW-16">[16]</a> On 21 December 2017, 13 additional names were added to the list of sanctioned individuals, not just Russians. Other countries passed similar laws to ban foreigners deemed guilty of human rights abuses from entering their countries. In response to the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, some governments and international organisations, led by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, imposed sanctions on Russian individuals and businesses. As the unrest expanded into other parts of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">Eastern Ukraine</a>, and later escalated into the ongoing <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">war in the Donbass region</a>, the scope of the sanctions increased.<a href="#cite_note-Springer-17">[17]</a> Overall, three types of sanctions were imposed: ban on provision of technology for oil and gas exploration, ban on provision of credits to Russian oil companies and state banks, travel restrictions on the influential Russian citizens close to President Putin and involved in the annexation of Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-Springer-17">[17]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Russian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian government">Russian government</a> responded in kind, with sanctions against some Canadian and American individuals and, in August 2014, with a total ban on food imports from the European Union, United States, Norway, Canada and Australia.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> As of December 2023, the Russian nuclear industry remained exempt from sanctions and the national nuclear company Rosatom remained the largest actor in the international market for nuclear reactor construction (also playing key roles in nuclear fuel supplies, nuclear equipment supplies, and handling nuclear waste).<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> On 23 February 2024, the U.S. imposed trade restrictions on 93 entities for their assistance to Russia's war effort in Ukraine, including 63 from Russia, 16 from Turkey, 8 from China and 4 from the UАЕ. The UАЕ-based Crynofist Aviation was also targeted, which provides spare parts for airplanes.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Additionally, the U.S. imposed more than 500 sanctions on Moscow and its accomplices for funding the war and for the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Alexei_Navalny" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Alexei Navalny">death</a> of Russian opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Navalny" title="Alexei Navalny">Alexei Navalny</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sanctions_against_Russian_and_Ukrainian_individuals,_companies_and_officials">Sanctions against Russian and Ukrainian individuals, companies and officials</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sanctions against Russian and Ukrainian individuals, companies and officials">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">List of people sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div> Sanctioned individuals include notable and high-level central government personnel and businessmen on all sides. In addition, companies suggested for possible involvement in the controversial issues have also been sanctioned. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_round:_March/April_2014"> First round: March/April 2014</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First round: March/April 2014">edit</a>]</div> On 6 March 2014, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. president</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, invoking, inter alia, the <a href="/wiki/International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act" title="International Emergency Economic Powers Act">International Emergency Economic Powers Act</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Emergencies_Act" title="National Emergencies Act">National Emergencies Act</a>, signed an <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive order</a> declaring a <a href="/wiki/National_emergency" class="mw-redirect" title="National emergency">national emergency</a> and ordering sanctions, including travel bans and the freezing of U.S. assets, against not-yet-specified individuals who had "asserted governmental authority in the <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimean</a> region without the authorization of the Government of Ukraine" and whose actions were found, inter alia, to "undermine democratic processes and institutions in Ukraine".<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> On 17 March 2014, the United States, the European Union, and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> introduced specifically targeted sanctions,<a href="#cite_note-1EurList-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> the day after the disputed <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">Crimean referendum</a> and a few hours before Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> signed a decree recognizing Crimea as an independent state, laying the groundwork for the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Crimea by Russia</a>. The principal EU sanction aimed to "prevent the entry into ... their territories of the natural persons responsible for actions which undermine ... the territorial integrity ... of Ukraine, and of natural persons associated with them, as listed in the Annex".<a href="#cite_note-1EurList-24">[24]</a> The EU imposed its sanctions "in the absence of de-escalatory steps by the Russian Federation" in order to bring an end to the violence in eastern Ukraine. The EU at the same time clarified that the union "remains ready to reverse its decisions and reengage with Russia when it starts contributing actively and without ambiguities to finding a solution to the Ukrainian crisis".<a href="#cite_note-EUsanctionsoverview-27">[27]</a> These 17 March sanctions were the most wide-ranging sanctions used against Russia since the <a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Collapse of the Soviet Union">1991 fall</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Katakey-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> also announced sanctions against Russia, which included the suspension of talks regarding military matters, space, investment, and <a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Russian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Russian citizens">visa requirements</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> A few days later, the US government expanded the sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> On 19 March, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> imposed sanctions against Russia after its annexation of Crimea. These sanctions targeted financial dealings and travel bans on those who have been instrumental in the Russian threat to Ukraine's sovereignty.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Australian sanctions were expanded on 21 May.<a href="#cite_note-Australia1-32">[32]</a> In early April, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, imposed the same restrictions and travel bans as those of the EU on 17 March.<a href="#cite_note-eupressrelease-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Igor_Luk%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Igor Lukšić">Igor Lukšić</a>, foreign minister of Montenegro, said that despite a "centuries old-tradition" of good ties with Russia, joining the EU in imposing sanctions had "always been the only reasonable choice".<a href="#cite_note-mne1-34">[34]</a> Slightly earlier in March, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> imposed the same sanctions against former president of Ukraine <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> and a number of former Ukrainian officials, as announced by the EU on 5 March.<a href="#cite_note-teleradiomoldova-35">[35]</a> In response to the sanctions introduced by the United States and the European Union, the <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a> (Lower House of the Russian parliament) unanimously passed a resolution asking for all members of the Duma be included on the sanctions list.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The sanctions were expanded to include prominent Russian businessmen and women a few days later.<a href="#cite_note-FT_share_prices-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_round:_April_2014"> Second round: April 2014</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second round: April 2014">edit</a>]</div> On 10 April, the Council of Europe suspended the voting rights of Russia's delegation.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> On 28 April, the United States imposed a ban on business transactions within its territory on seven Russian officials, including <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sechin" title="Igor Sechin">Igor Sechin</a>, executive chairman of the Russian state oil company <a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft</a>, and 17 Russian companies.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> On the same day, the EU issued travel bans against a further 15 individuals.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The EU also stated the aims of EU sanctions as: <blockquote>sanctions are not punitive, but designed to bring about a change in policy or activity by the target country, entities or individuals. Measures are therefore always targeted at such policies or activities, the means to conduct them and those responsible for them. At the same time, the EU makes every effort to minimise adverse consequences for the civilian population or for legitimate activities.<a href="#cite_note-eustatememt-41">[41]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_round:_2014–2021">Third round: 2014–2021</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Third round: 2014–2021">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2014">2014</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2014">edit</a>]</div> In response to the escalating <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">War in Donbass</a>, on 17 July 2014 the United States extended its transactions ban to two major Russian energy firms, <a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novatek" title="Novatek">Novatek</a>, and to two banks, <a href="/wiki/Gazprombank" title="Gazprombank">Gazprombank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vnesheconombank_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vnesheconombank (Russia)">Vnesheconombank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> United States also urged EU leaders to join the third wave<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> leading EU to start drafting European sanctions a day before.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> On 25 July, the EU officially expanded its sanctions to an additional 15 individuals and 18 entities,<a href="#cite_note-EU_25_07-46">[46]</a> with an additional eight added on 30 July.<a href="#cite_note-EU_30_07-47">[47]</a> On 31 July 2014 the EU introduced the third round of sanctions which included an embargo on arms and related material, and embargo on <a href="/wiki/Dual-use" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual-use">dual-use</a> goods and technology intended for military use or a military end user, a ban on imports of arms and related material, controls on export of equipment for the <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Russia" title="Petroleum industry in Russia">oil industry</a>, and a restriction on the issuance of and trade in certain <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">equity</a> or similar financial instruments on a maturity greater than 90 days (In September 2014 lowered to 30 days)<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> On 24 July 2014, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> targeted Russian arms, energy and financial entities.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> On 5 August 2014, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> froze the assets of "individuals and groups supporting the separation of Crimea from Ukraine" and restrict imports from Crimea and froze funds for new projects in Russia in line with the policy of the <a href="/wiki/European_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="European Bank for Reconstruction and Development">EBRD</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> On 8 August 2014, Australia announced that Australia is "working towards" tougher sanctions against Russia.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> On 12 August 2014, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> adopted the tougher sanctions against Russia that were imposed by the European Union and the United States on 12 August 2014. The Norwegian foreign minister <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8rge_Brende" title="Børge Brende">Børge Brende</a> said that it would also impose restrictions similar to the EU's 1 August sanctions. Russian state-owned banks will be banned from taking long-term and mid-term loans, arms exports will be banned and supplies of equipment, technology and assistance to the Russian oil sector will be prohibited.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> On 14 August 2014, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> expanded sanctions against Russia over its threat to Ukraine's sovereignty. Swiss government added 26 more Russians and pro-Russian Ukrainians to the list.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The Swiss government said it is expanding measures to prevent the circumvention of sanctions relating to the situation in Ukraine to include the third round of sanctions imposed by the EU in July and also stated that five Russian banks will require authorisation to issue long-term financial instruments in Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-news.admin.ch-55">[55]</a> On 28 August 2014, Switzerland amended its sanctions to include the sanctions imposed by the EU in July.<a href="#cite_note-news.admin.ch-55">[55]</a> On 14 August 2014, Ukraine passed a law introducing Ukrainian sanctions against Russia.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The law includes 172 individuals and 65 entities in Russia and other countries for supporting and financing "terrorism" in Ukraine, though actual sanctions would need approval from <a href="/wiki/National_Security_and_Defense_Council_of_Ukraine" title="National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine">Ukraine's National Security and Defense Council</a>. On 11 September 2014, US president Obama said that the United States would join the EU in imposing tougher sanctions on Russia's financial, energy and defence sectors.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> On 12 September 2014, the United States imposed sanctions on Russia's largest bank (Sberbank), a major arms maker and arctic (<a href="/wiki/Rostec" title="Rostec">Rostec</a>), deepwater and shale exploration by its biggest oil companies (<a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Neft" title="Gazprom Neft">Gazprom Neft</a>,<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lukoil" title="Lukoil">Lukoil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surgutneftegas" title="Surgutneftegas">Surgutneftegas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft</a>). Sberbank and Rostec will have limited ability to access the US debt markets. The sanction on the oil companies seek to ban co-operation with Russian oil firms on energy technology and services by companies including <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a> and <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> On 24 September 2014, Japan banned the issue of securities by 5 Russian banks and also tightened restrictions on defence exports to Russia.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> On 3 October 2014, US vice president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> said that "It was America's leadership and the president of the United States insisting, ofttimes almost having to embarrass Europe to stand up and take economic hits to impose costs" and added that "And the results have been massive capital flight from Russia, a virtual freeze on foreign direct investment, a ruble at an all-time low against the dollar, and the Russian economy teetering on the brink of recession. We don't want Russia to collapse. We want Russia to succeed. But Putin has to make a choice. These asymmetrical advances on another country cannot be tolerated. The international system will collapse if they are."<a href="#cite_note-3_oct_whitehouse-64">[64]</a> On 18 December 2014, the EU banned some investments in Crimea, halting support for Russian Black Sea oil and gas exploration and stopping European companies from purchasing real estate or companies in Crimea, or offering tourism services.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> On 19 December 2014, US president Obama imposed sanctions on Russian-occupied Crimea by executive order prohibiting exports of US goods and services to the region.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sanctions_specific_to_Crimea">Sanctions specific to Crimea</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sanctions specific to Crimea">edit</a>]</div> The United States, Canada, the European Union, and other European countries (including Ukraine) imposed economic sanctions specifically targeting Crimea. Sanctions prohibit the sale, supply, transfer, or export of goods and technology in several sectors, including services directly related to tourism and infrastructure. They list seven ports where cruise ships cannot dock.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Sanctions against Crimean individuals include travel bans and asset freezes. <a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa</a> and <a href="/wiki/MasterCard" class="mw-redirect" title="MasterCard">MasterCard</a> have stopped service in Crimea between December 2014 and April 2015.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2015_–_2017">2015 – 2017</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2015 – 2017">edit</a>]</div> On 16 February 2015, the EU increased its sanction list to cover 151 individuals and 37 entities.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Australia indicated that it would follow the EU in new sanctions. On 18 February 2015, Canada added 37 Russian citizens and 17 Russian entities to its sanction list. <a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft</a> and the deputy minister of defence, <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Antonov" title="Anatoly Antonov">Anatoly Antonov</a>, were both sanctioned.<a href="#cite_note-CA150217-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> In June 2015 Canada added three individuals and 14 entities, including <a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CA150629-74">[74]</a> Media suggested the sanctions were delayed because Gazprom was a main sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/2015_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="2015 FIFA Women's World Cup">2015 FIFA Women's World Cup</a> then concluding in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In September 2015, Ukraine sanctioned more than 388 individuals, over 105 companies and other entities. In accordance with the August 2015 proposals promulgated by the Security Service of Ukraine and the Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 808-p dated 12 August 2015, Ukraine, on 2 September 2015, declared Russia an enemy of Ukraine. Also on 16 September 2015, the Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a> issued a decree that named nearly 400 individuals, more than 90 companies and other entities to be sanctioned for the Russia's "criminal activities and aggression against Ukraine."<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In April 2016, Lithuania sanctioned 46 individuals who were involved in the detention and sentencing of Ukrainian citizens <a href="/wiki/Nadiya_Savchenko" title="Nadiya Savchenko">Nadiya Savchenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Sentsov" title="Oleh Sentsov">Oleh Sentsov</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Olexandr_Kolchenko" title="Olexandr Kolchenko">Olexandr Kolchenko</a>. Lithuanian foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Linas_Linkevi%C4%8Dius" class="mw-redirect" title="Linas Linkevičius">Linas Linkevičius</a> said that his country wanted to "focus attention on the unacceptable and cynical violations of international law and human rights in Russia. [...] It would be more effective if the blacklist became Europe-wide. We hope to start such a discussion."<a href="#cite_note-Reuters160412-80">[80]</a> On 29 December 2016, the US president <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> signed an Executive Order that expelled 35 Russian diplomats, locked down two Russian diplomatic compounds, and <a href="/wiki/Magnitsky_Act#January_2017_blacklist" title="Magnitsky Act">expanded sanctions</a> against Russia for <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">its interference in the 2016 United States elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In August 2017, the US Congress enacted the <a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act</a> that imposed new sanctions on Russia for interference in the 2016 elections and its involvement in Ukraine and Syria. The act converted the punitive measures previously imposed by executive orders into law to prevent the president easing, suspending or ending of sanctions without the approval of Congress.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2018">2018</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2018">edit</a>]</div> On 15 March 2018, Trump imposed financial sanctions under the act on the 13 Russian government hackers and front organizations that had been indicted by Mueller's investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> On 6 April 2018, the United States imposed economic sanctions on seven Russian oligarchs and 12 companies they control, accusing them of "malign activity around the globe", along with 17 top Russian officials, the state-owned weapons-trading company <a href="/wiki/Rosoboronexport" title="Rosoboronexport">Rosoboronexport</a> and the Russian Financial Corporation Bank (RFC Bank). High-profile names on the list include <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Deripaska" title="Oleg Deripaska">Oleg Deripaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kirill_Shamalov" title="Kirill Shamalov">Kiril Shamalov</a>, Putin's ex-son-in-law, who married Putin's daughter <a href="/wiki/Katerina_Tikhonova" title="Katerina Tikhonova">Katerina Tikhonova</a> in February 2013. The press release stated: "Deripaska has been investigated for money laundering, and has been accused of threatening the lives of business rivals, illegally wiretapping a government official, and taking part in extortion and racketeering. There are also unsubstantiated allegations that Deripaska bribed a government official, ordered the murder of a businessman in the 1990s, and had links to a Russian organized crime group."<a href="#cite_note-cnbc040616-88">[88]</a> Other names on the list include: Oil tycoon <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bogdanov" title="Vladimir Bogdanov">Vladimir Bogdanov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suleyman_Kerimov" title="Suleyman Kerimov">Suleyman Kerimov</a>, who faced money-laundering charges in France for allegedly bringing hundreds of millions of euros into the country without reporting the money to tax authorities, <a href="/wiki/Igor_Rotenberg" title="Igor Rotenberg">Igor Rotenberg</a>, principal owner of Russian oil and gas drilling company <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom_Burenie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazprom Burenie (page does not exist)">Gazprom Burenie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Skoch" title="Andrei Skoch">Andrei Skoch</a>, a deputy in the <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a>. U.S. officials said he has longstanding ties to <a href="/wiki/Russian_mafia" title="Russian mafia">Russian organized criminal groups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Vekselberg" title="Viktor Vekselberg">Viktor Vekselberg</a>, founder and chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Renova_Group" title="Renova Group">Renova Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asset_management" title="Asset management">asset management</a> company,<a href="#cite_note-cnbc040616-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Torshin" title="Aleksandr Torshin">Aleksandr Torshin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In August 2018, following the poisoning of Sergey Skripal, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a> imposed further sanctions on <a href="/wiki/Dual-use" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual-use">dual-use</a> exports to Russia which were deemed to be sensitive on <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a> grounds, including <a href="/wiki/Gas_turbine" title="Gas turbine">gas turbine</a> engines, <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuits</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Calibration" title="Calibration">calibration</a> equipment used in <a href="/wiki/Avionics" title="Avionics">avionics</a>. Until that moment, such exports were considered on a case-by-case basis. Following the introduction of these sanctions, the default position is of denial.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Also, on September that year a list of companies in the <a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_Russia" title="Space industry of Russia">space</a> and <a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense industry of Russia">defense industry</a> came under sanctions, including: AeroComposit, Divetechnoservices, Scientific-Research Institute "Vektor", Nilco Group, Obinsk Research and Production Enterprise, Aviadvigatel, Information Technology and Communication Systems (Infoteks), Scientific and Production Corporation of Precision Instruments Engineering and Voronezh Scientific Research Institute "Vega", whom are forbidden from doing business with.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019">2019</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2019">edit</a>]</div> In March 2019, the United States imposed sanctions on persons and companies involved in the <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding_in_Russia" title="Shipbuilding in Russia">Russian shipbuilding industry</a> in response to the <a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait_incident" title="Kerch Strait incident">Kerch Strait incident</a>: Yaroslavsky Shipbuilding Plant, Zelenodolsk Shipyard Plant, AO Kontsern Okeanpribor, PAO Zvezda (Zvezda), AO Zavod Fiolent (Fiolent), GUP RK KTB Sudokompozit (Sudokompozit), LLC SK Consol-Stroi LTD and LLC Novye Proekty. Also, the U.S. targeted persons involved in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Donbass_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Donbass general elections">2018 Donbass general elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-shipbuilding-93">[93]</a> On 2 August 2019, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S State Department</a> announced additional sanctions together with an <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive order</a> signed by President Trump which gives the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Department of Treasury</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a> the authority to implement the sanctions. The sanctions forbid granting Russia <a href="/wiki/Loan" title="Loan">loans</a> or other assistance from <a href="/wiki/International_financial_institutions" title="International financial institutions">international financial institutions</a>, prohibition on <a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Banking in the United States">U.S banks</a> buy non-ruble denominated <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a> issued by the Russia after 26 August and lending non-ruble denominated funds to Russia and licensing restrictions for exports of items for <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapon" title="Chemical weapon">chemical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biological_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological weapon">biological</a> weapons proliferation reasons.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20220221ES-0298-1_(51974425940).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/P20220221ES-0298-1_%2851974425940%29.jpg/220px-P20220221ES-0298-1_%2851974425940%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/P20220221ES-0298-1_%2851974425940%29.jpg/330px-P20220221ES-0298-1_%2851974425940%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/P20220221ES-0298-1_%2851974425940%29.jpg/440px-P20220221ES-0298-1_%2851974425940%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>United States president Joe Biden signing <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14065" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 14065">executive order 14065</a> in February 2022 in response to Russia's imminent invasion</figcaption></figure> In September 2019, pursuant to Executive Order 13685 Maritime Assistance LLC was placed under sanctions due to its export of fuel to Syria as well as for providing support to Sovfracht, another company sanctioned for operating in Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Later in the same month, the United States sanctioned two Russian citizens as well as three companies, Autolex Transport, Beratex Group and Linburg Industries in connection with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States election">Russian interference in the 2016 United States election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_round:_2022">Fourth round: 2022</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fourth round: 2022">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">International sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Sanctions_and_ramifications" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine § Sanctions and ramifications</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_boycott_of_Russia_and_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 boycott of Russia and Belarus">2022 boycott of Russia and Belarus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">List of people sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Countries_which_banned_Russian_aircraft_from_their_airspace_due_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Countries_which_banned_Russian_aircraft_from_their_airspace_due_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg/300px-Countries_which_banned_Russian_aircraft_from_their_airspace_due_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Countries_which_banned_Russian_aircraft_from_their_airspace_due_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg/450px-Countries_which_banned_Russian_aircraft_from_their_airspace_due_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Countries_which_banned_Russian_aircraft_from_their_airspace_due_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg/600px-Countries_which_banned_Russian_aircraft_from_their_airspace_due_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Russia</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Ukraine</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries that have banned Russian aircraft from their airspace after the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div></figcaption></figure> After Russia invaded Ukraine on 24 February 2022, two countries that had not previously taken part in sanctions, namely South Korea<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> and non-UN member state <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> engaged in sanctions against Russia. On 28 February 2022, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> announced that it will impose banking sanctions against Russia for the invasion of Ukraine, thus making it the first country in Southeast Asia to impose sanctions upon Russia;<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> the move was described by the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a> as being "almost unprecedented". The sanctions also included materials that could be used for weapons against Ukraine, as well as electronics, technology devices and other related equipment, which were listed in a detailed statement on 5 March.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> On 28 February 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia">Central Bank of Russia</a> was blocked from accessing more than $400 billion in <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_foreign-exchange_reserves" title="List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves">foreign-exchange reserves</a> held abroad<a href="#cite_note-:1-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> and the EU imposed sanctions on several Russian oligarchs and politicians.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bjoern_Seibert" title="Bjoern Seibert">Bjoern Seibert</a>, head of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">European Commission President</a> <a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission_I" title="Von der Leyen Commission I">Ursula von der Leyen's Cabinet</a>, was in charge of leading the EU's negotiations with the US on the sanction's implementation.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Aleksashenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Aleksashenko">Sergei Aleksashenko</a>, the former Russian deputy finance minister, said: "This is a kind of financial nuclear bomb that is falling on Russia."<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> On 1 March 2022, the French finance minister <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Le_Maire" title="Bruno Le Maire">Bruno Le Maire</a> said the total amount of Russian assets being frozen by sanctions amounted to $1 trillion.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> have announced that they would not be participating in any economic sanctions against Russia.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Western countries">Western countries</a> and others began imposing limited sanctions on Russia when it <a href="/wiki/Address_concerning_the_events_in_Ukraine" title="Address concerning the events in Ukraine">recognised the independence of Donbas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> With the commencement of attacks on 24 February, a large number of other countries began applying sanctions with the aim of crippling the Russian economy. The sanctions were wide-ranging, targeting individuals, banks, businesses, monetary exchanges, bank transfers, exports, and imports.<a href="#cite_note-:4-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-113">[113]</a> In February 2022, President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> signed <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14065" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 14065">Executive Order 14065</a> of February 21, 2022 — "Blocking Property of Certain Persons and Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Continued Russian Efforts To Undermine the Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity of Ukraine". <a href="/wiki/Faisal_Islam" title="Faisal Islam">Faisal Islam</a> of BBC News stated that the measures were far from normal sanctions and were "better seen as a form of economic war". The intent of the sanctions was to push Russia into a deep <a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">recession</a> with the likelihood of <a href="/wiki/Bank_run" title="Bank run">bank runs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation" title="Hyperinflation">hyperinflation</a>. Islam noted that targeting a <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a> central bank in this way had never been done before.<a href="#cite_note-:2-114">[114]</a> Deputy Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Security_Council_of_Russia" title="Security Council of Russia">Security Council of Russia</a> and former president <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> derided Western sanctions imposed on Russia, including personal sanctions, and commented that they were a sign of "political impotence" resulting from NATO's <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2020%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2020–2021)">withdrawal from Afghanistan</a>. He threatened to <a href="/wiki/Nationalise" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalise">nationalise</a> foreign assets that companies held inside Russia.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> On 14 March 2022, Biden's national security advisor <a href="/wiki/Jake_Sullivan" title="Jake Sullivan">Jake Sullivan</a> warned <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> that it would face consequences if it helped Russia evade sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> A year after <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia's invasion of Ukraine</a>, the United States persuaded countries like <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> to crack down on the commercial activities in their countries which had been helping Russia's war efforts in Ukraine. These countries did not back the western sanctions imposed on Russia, instead continuing to trade with it and providing havens for wealthy Russians and their capital.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The United States marked the first anniversary of Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2023, with new sanctions against Russia aimed at undermining Moscow's ability to launch a war. The new measures by the US Treasury Department affect 22 Russian individuals and 83 entities, adding to the more than 2,500 sanctions imposed last year.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="11th_round:_June_2023"> 11th round: June 2023</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 11th round: June 2023">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div> Since April 2014, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> has applied eleven rounds of sanctions against the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>. The most recent 11th round of sanctions in June 2023 focused on dual-use items, including computer chips, and as well as an attempt to limit ship-to-ship transactions of sanctioned goods. More suspensions of Russian broadcasting licenses in Europe were also announced.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> The U.S. government has urged American companies to halt shipments to over 600 foreign entities amid concerns of diversion to Russia for use in its Ukraine invasion, part of ongoing efforts to restrict Russian access to Western technology. Assistant Secretary Matthew Axelrod emphasized outreach to more than 20 companies and collaboration with senior officials to prevent American-made goods from ending up in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The most recent measures included transport measures, including a full ban on Russian trucks and semi-trailers, limitations on ship-to-ship transfer taking place in the Exclusive Economic Zone of a member state or within 12 nautical miles from the baseline of that member state's coast, a total ban on Russian pipeline oil transfers through the northern branch of the <a href="/wiki/Druzhba_pipeline" title="Druzhba pipeline">Druzhba pipeline</a> to Germany and Poland, new export and export restrictions on Russia's defense materials as well as goods and technology suited for use in the aerospace industry and <a href="/wiki/Jet_fuel" title="Jet fuel">jet fuel</a> and fuel additives. Sanctions were also imposed on Russian intellectual property rights and their transfer as well as new criteria on sanctions in the Russian IT-sector with a license issued by the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) and the Russian Ministry of Industry and Trade.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oil">Oil</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Oil">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_crude_oil_price_cap_sanctions" title="2022 Russian crude oil price cap sanctions">2022 Russian crude oil price cap sanctions</a> and <a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_oil_products_sanctions_and_price_cap" title="2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap">2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_oil_exports_destination.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Russian_oil_exports_destination.webp/220px-Russian_oil_exports_destination.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Russian_oil_exports_destination.webp/330px-Russian_oil_exports_destination.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Russian_oil_exports_destination.webp/440px-Russian_oil_exports_destination.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>Russian oil exports by destination. Russia exported almost 5 million barrels a day in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></figcaption></figure>Senator <a href="/wiki/Roger_Marshall_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Marshall (politician)">Roger Marshall</a> introduced a bill on 1 March 2022 banning US imports of Russian oil, supported by the GOP minority leader of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources</a> and seven other Republicans. The first move by a Western nation to impose a flat blockade on Russian petroleum, its top moneymaker, came a day prior from Canada. Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> said that it "sends a powerful message."<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> On 8 March, President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> ordered a ban on imports of oil, gas and coal from Russia to the US.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><a href="/wiki/File:US_imports_of_Russian_Oil_a_Month.webp" class="mw-file-description" title="US imports of Russian oil by month before ban"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/US_imports_of_Russian_Oil_a_Month.webp/270px-US_imports_of_Russian_Oil_a_Month.webp.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/US_imports_of_Russian_Oil_a_Month.webp/405px-US_imports_of_Russian_Oil_a_Month.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/US_imports_of_Russian_Oil_a_Month.webp/540px-US_imports_of_Russian_Oil_a_Month.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1286" data-file-height="490" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">US imports of Russian oil by month before ban</div> </li> </ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oil_price_benchmarks.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Oil_price_benchmarks.webp/370px-Oil_price_benchmarks.webp.png" decoding="async" width="370" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Oil_price_benchmarks.webp/555px-Oil_price_benchmarks.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Oil_price_benchmarks.webp/740px-Oil_price_benchmarks.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="4413" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/West_Texas_Intermediate" title="West Texas Intermediate">West Texas Intermediate</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Brent_Crude" title="Brent Crude">Brent Crude</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Urals_oil" title="Urals oil">Urals oil</a> (Russian export mix)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Dubai_Crude" title="Dubai Crude">Dubai Crude</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/OPEC_Reference_Basket" title="OPEC Reference Basket">OPEC Reference Basket</a></div> </figcaption></figure> On September 2, 2022, the G7 group of nations agreed to <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_oil_price_cap" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian oil price cap">cap the price of Russian oil</a> in order to reduce Russia's ability to finance its war with Ukraine without further increasing inflation.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Joined by the European Union and Australia, the sanctions come into effect on 5 December 2022.<a href="#cite_note-OFAC1-127">[127]</a> From 5 February 2023 an <a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_oil_products_sanctions_and_price_cap" title="2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap">oil products price cap</a> came into effect. The EU banned all imports of refined oil products from Russia in February 2023, the UK banned Russian oil imports from December 2022.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> EU imports of oil by ship have fallen by 1.2m bpd to under 0.1m bpd.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Russia's oil and gas revenue for Q1 of 2023 was 1.6 trillion rubles ($19.61 billion), far below the budget for 2023 of 8.9 trillion roubles ($35 billion) per quarter and the 2022 revenue which averaged $42 billion per quarter.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-energy73-131">[131]</a> On 16 November 2023, the <a href="/wiki/US_Treasury_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="US Treasury Department">US Treasury Department</a> sanctioned maritime companies and vessels for supplying Russian oil sold above the G7's price cap. The sanctions targeted three companies of the <a href="/wiki/UAE" class="mw-redirect" title="UAE">UAE</a>-based companies, including Kazan Shipping Incorporated, Progress Shipping Company Limited and Gallion Navigation Incorporated, which were accused of exporting Russian crude oil above the $60 a barrel cap. The Emirati vessels were reportedly using US personnel for transporting the Russian crude oil.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Banking">Banking</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Banking">edit</a>]</div> In a 22 February speech,<a href="#cite_note-white_house_feb._22-133">[133]</a> US president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> announced restrictions against four Russian banks, including <a href="/wiki/VEB.RF" title="VEB.RF">V.E.B.</a>, as well as on corrupt billionaires close to Putin.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> UK prime minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> announced that all major Russian banks would have their assets frozen and be excluded from the UK financial system, and that some export licences to Russia would be suspended.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-136">[136]</a> He also introduced a deposit limit for Russian citizens in UK bank accounts, and froze the assets of over 100 additional individuals and entities.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> The foreign ministers of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> called for Russia to be cut off from <a href="/wiki/SWIFT" title="SWIFT">SWIFT</a>, the global messaging network for international payments. Concern was expressed in Europe because European lenders held most of the nearly $30 billion in foreign banks' exposure to Russia and because China had developed an alternative to SWIFT called <a href="/wiki/Cross-Border_Interbank_Payment_System" title="Cross-Border Interbank Payment System">CIPS</a>; a weaponisation of SWIFT would provide greater impetus to the development of CIPS which, in turn, could weaken SWIFT.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Other leaders calling for Russia to be stopped from accessing SWIFT include Czech president <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Zeman" title="Miloš Zeman">Miloš Zeman</a>,<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> and UK prime minister Boris Johnson.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> On 26 February, the German foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Annalena_Baerbock" title="Annalena Baerbock">Annalena Baerbock</a> and economy minister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Habeck" title="Robert Habeck">Robert Habeck</a> made a joint statement backing targeted restrictions of Russia from SWIFT.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Shortly thereafter, it was announced that major Russian banks would be removed from SWIFT, although there would still be limited accessibility to ensure the continued ability to pay for gas shipments.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_forex_reserves.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Russia_forex_reserves.png/300px-Russia_forex_reserves.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Russia_forex_reserves.png/450px-Russia_forex_reserves.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Russia_forex_reserves.png 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>Foreign-exchange reserves of the Central Bank of Russia. In 2014 Prime minister <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> has admitted the sanctions have hurt the Russian economy, leading to a loss of "tens of billions of dollars because of the sanctions."<a href="#cite_note-reutersinterviewmedvedev-145">[145]</a></figcaption></figure> It was also announced that the West would place sanctions on the Russian Central Bank, which holds $630bn in foreign reserves, to prevent it from liquidating assets to offset the impact of sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> On 26 February, two Chinese state banks—the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Commercial_Bank_of_China" title="Industrial and Commercial Bank of China">Industrial and Commercial Bank of China</a>, which is the largest bank in the world, and the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China" title="Bank of China">Bank of China</a>, which is the country's biggest currency trader—were limiting financing to purchase Russian raw materials, which was limiting Russian access to foreign currency.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> On 28 February, Switzerland and Monaco froze a number of Russian assets and joined EU sanctions. According to <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis" title="Ignazio Cassis">Ignazio Cassis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">president of the Swiss Confederation</a>, the decision was unprecedented but consistent with <a href="/wiki/Swiss_neutrality" title="Swiss neutrality">Swiss neutrality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Informal_meeting_of_economic_and_financial_affairs_ministers_(ECOFIN)._Arrivals_Bruno_Le_Maire_(36441297923).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Informal_meeting_of_economic_and_financial_affairs_ministers_%28ECOFIN%29._Arrivals_Bruno_Le_Maire_%2836441297923%29.jpg/170px-Informal_meeting_of_economic_and_financial_affairs_ministers_%28ECOFIN%29._Arrivals_Bruno_Le_Maire_%2836441297923%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Informal_meeting_of_economic_and_financial_affairs_ministers_%28ECOFIN%29._Arrivals_Bruno_Le_Maire_%2836441297923%29.jpg/255px-Informal_meeting_of_economic_and_financial_affairs_ministers_%28ECOFIN%29._Arrivals_Bruno_Le_Maire_%2836441297923%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Informal_meeting_of_economic_and_financial_affairs_ministers_%28ECOFIN%29._Arrivals_Bruno_Le_Maire_%2836441297923%29.jpg/340px-Informal_meeting_of_economic_and_financial_affairs_ministers_%28ECOFIN%29._Arrivals_Bruno_Le_Maire_%2836441297923%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="5760" /></a><figcaption>French Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Le_Maire" title="Bruno Le Maire">Bruno Le Maire</a> claimed earlier that the EU "will bring about the collapse" of the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">economy of Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> became the first Southeast Asian country to impose sanctions on Russia by restricting banks and transactions linked to Russia;<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> the move was described by the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a> as being "almost unprecedented".<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> On 28 February, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> announced that its central bank would join sanctions by limiting transactions with Russia's central bank.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The Central Bank of Russia was blocked from accessing more than $400 billion in <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_foreign-exchange_reserves" title="List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves">foreign-exchange reserves</a> held abroad.<a href="#cite_note-:1-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Aleksashenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Aleksashenko">Sergei Aleksashenko</a>, the former Russian deputy finance minister, said: "This is a kind of financial nuclear bomb that is falling on Russia."<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> EU foreign affairs chief <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a> said that Western governments "cannot block the reserves of the Russian central bank in Moscow or in China".<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> On 1 March, the French finance minister <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Le_Maire" title="Bruno Le Maire">Bruno Le Maire</a> said that Russian assets being frozen by sanctions amounted to $1 trillion.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> announced it would stop all transactions with 7 main Russian banks and their affiliates, restrict the purchase of Russian treasury bonds, and agreed to "immediately implement" and join any further economics sanctions imposed against Russia by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Following sanctions and criticisms of their relations with Russian business, many companies chose to exit Russian or Belarusian markets voluntarily or in order to avoid potential future sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-:3-160">[160]</a> Visa, Mastercard, and American Express independently blocked Russian banks as of 2 March.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Following Swiss sanctions on Russia, <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a> issued orders to destroy documents linking Russian oligarchs to yacht loans, a move which led to considerable criticism.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> In July 2023 Russia attempted to get the SWIFT ban partially lifted by making it a condition to extending the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">Black Sea Grain Initiative</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_ruble">The ruble</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The ruble">edit</a>]</div> In 2013 there were around 35 rubles to the US dollar. Following the seizure of Crimea and sanctions starting, the ruble fell. In 2015–2019 it traded in the 60–70 range. In 2020–2021 it moved to the 70-80 range and since the 2022 invasion of Ukraine and a large increase in sanctions, it has slowly declined to reach 100 in August 2023.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dual-use_ban">Dual-use ban</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Dual-use ban">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dual-use_technology" title="Dual-use technology">Dual-use technology</a></div> The US instituted <a href="/wiki/Export_control" title="Export control">export controls</a>, a novel sanction focused on restricting Russian access to high-tech components, both hardware and software, made with any parts or intellectual property from the US. The sanction required that any person or company that wanted to sell technology, semiconductors, encryption software, lasers, or sensors to Russia request a licence, which by default was denied. The enforcement mechanism involved sanctions against the person or company, with the sanctions focused on the shipbuilding, aerospace, and defence industries.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EU_sanctions">EU sanctions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: EU sanctions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sign_removal_at_Gazprom%27s_Vienna_office,_March_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sign_removal_at_Gazprom%27s_Vienna_office%2C_March_2022.jpg/220px-Sign_removal_at_Gazprom%27s_Vienna_office%2C_March_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sign_removal_at_Gazprom%27s_Vienna_office%2C_March_2022.jpg/330px-Sign_removal_at_Gazprom%27s_Vienna_office%2C_March_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sign_removal_at_Gazprom%27s_Vienna_office%2C_March_2022.jpg/440px-Sign_removal_at_Gazprom%27s_Vienna_office%2C_March_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="1340" /></a><figcaption>A worker removes the sign from Gazprom's office in Vienna in March 2022</figcaption></figure>On the morning of 24 February, <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">president of the European Commission</a>, announced "massive" EU sanctions to be adopted by the union. The sanctions targeted technological transfers, Russian banks, and Russian assets.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a>, the <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</a>, stated that Russia would face "unprecedented isolation" as the EU would impose the "harshest package of sanctions [which the union has] ever implemented". He also said that "these are among the darkest hours of Europe since the Second World War".<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> President of the European Parliament <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Roberta Metsola</a> called for "immediate, quick, solid and swift action" and convened an extraordinary session of Parliament for 1 March.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> In May 2022, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> proposed and approved a partial ban on <a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector" title="Russia in the European energy sector">oil imports from Russia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> part of the economic response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> European sanctions are imposed according to Decision 2014/145/CFSP<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> of the European Council and EU Regulation 269/2014,<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> which authorize the freezing of assets. Josep Borrell said he wants EU countries to confiscate frozen <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_foreign-exchange_reserves" title="List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves">foreign-exchange reserves</a> of the Russian central bank—which amount to over $300 billion—to cover the costs of rebuilding Ukraine after the war. Russian Deputy Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Grushko" title="Alexander Grushko">Alexander Grushko</a> remarked that Borrell's initiative amounted to "complete lawlessness" and said it would hurt Europe if adopted.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> In June 2023, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Christine Lagarde</a>, President of the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> countered EU President, <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a>'s plan to use confiscated Russian assets for rebuilding war-torn Ukraine. Such a plan would "undermine the legal and economic foundations of the Euro internationally", according to Lagarde.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Since February 2022, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> has sanctioned exports to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> at a total value of €43.9 billion and imports to the EU worth €91.2 billion, including financial and legal services.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> In January 2024, authorities in the Netherlands, Germany, Latvia, and Lithuania arrested three suspects for breaching EU sanctions against Russia. <a href="/wiki/Europol" title="Europol">Europol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurojust" title="Eurojust">Eurojust</a> supported this investigation, which revealed that a Dutch company had illegally shipped goods from Germany through Latvia and Lithuania to Russia, violating sanctions due to Russia's aggression against Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> On 22 March 2024, the EU imposed new sanctions against 33 persons and entities over the death of Alexei Navalny, a Russian opposition politician. The new listings include imposed sanctions on the Russian justice and prison officials responsible for imprisoning Navalny and the two penal colonies where Alexei Navalny was held from June 2022 until his death.<a href="#cite_note-:8-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-4">[4]</a> The EU Council renewed its restrictive measures against Russia for another six months, until 31 January 2025, in response to Russia's continued destabilizing actions in Ukraine. Despite Russia's ongoing violations of international law, the EU maintained these sanctions and pledged further measures if necessary. The EU also reiterated its unwavering support for Ukraine's sovereignty and condemned Russia's escalated attacks on civilians and infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_impoundment_of_ships">European impoundment of ships</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: European impoundment of ships">edit</a>]</div> A 5 April 2022 article by Insider claims the total cost of yachts impounded throughout Europe be over $2 billion. This amount includes the motoryacht Tango, seized pursuant to United States sanctions with Spanish assistance.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <ul><li>France</li></ul> On 26 February, the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> intercepted Russian cargo ship Baltic Leader in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>. The ship was suspected of belonging to a company targeted by the sanctions. The ship was escorted to the port of <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne-sur-Mer</a> and was being investigated.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> On 2 March 2022, French customs officials seized the yacht Amore Vero at a shipyard in <a href="/wiki/La_Ciotat" title="La Ciotat">La Ciotat</a>. The Amore Vero is believed to be owned by the sanctioned oligarch <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sechin" title="Igor Sechin">Igor Sechin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> Two yachts belonging to <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kuzmichev" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Kuzmichev">Alexei Kuzmichevof</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfa-Bank" title="Alfa-Bank">Alfa Bank</a> were seized by France on March 24.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <ul><li>Germany</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanctions_against_Russia_and_Belarus_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sanctions_against_Russia_and_Belarus_2022.svg/300px-Sanctions_against_Russia_and_Belarus_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sanctions_against_Russia_and_Belarus_2022.svg/450px-Sanctions_against_Russia_and_Belarus_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sanctions_against_Russia_and_Belarus_2022.svg/600px-Sanctions_against_Russia_and_Belarus_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries that have introduced sanctions on Russia and Belarus</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries that have declared blocking the circumvention of sanctions</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries that have introduced single restrictions</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Russia and Belarus</div><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a></figcaption></figure> On 2 March 2022, German authorities immobilized <a href="/wiki/Dilbar_(yacht)" title="Dilbar (yacht)">Dilbar</a>, owned by <a href="/wiki/Alisher_Usmanov" title="Alisher Usmanov">Alisher Usmanov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> She is reported to have cost $800 million, employ 84 full-time crew members, and contain the largest indoor swimming pool installed on a superyacht at 180 cubic metres.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <ul><li>Greece</li></ul> On 19 April 2022, Greece announced the seizure of the Russian-flagged petroleum <a href="/wiki/Tanker_(ship)" title="Tanker (ship)">tanker ship</a> Pegas, which docked at <a href="/wiki/Karystos" title="Karystos">Karystos</a> after encountering rough seas. The seizure applies solely to the ship and not its cargo.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <ul><li>Italy</li></ul> On 4 March, Italian police impounded <a href="/wiki/Lady_M_(yacht)" title="Lady M (yacht)">Lady M</a>. Authorities believe the ship is owned by <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Mordashov" title="Alexei Mordashov">Alexei Mordashov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reuters-192">[192]</a> The same day, Italian police seized the yacht of <a href="/wiki/Gennady_Timchenko" title="Gennady Timchenko">Gennady Timchenko</a>, Lena, in the port city of <a href="/wiki/Sanremo" title="Sanremo">Sanremo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> The yacht was also placed on a United States sanctions list.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> On 12 March 2022, Italian authorities in the port of <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> seized the sailing yacht <a href="/wiki/A_(sailing_yacht)" title="A (sailing yacht)">A</a>, known to be owned by <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Melnichenko_(industrialist)" title="Andrey Melnichenko (industrialist)">Andrey Melnichenko</a>. A spokesperson for Melnichenko vowed to contest the seizure.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <ul><li>Netherlands</li></ul> On 6 April 2022, Dutch <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Wopke_Hoekstra" title="Wopke Hoekstra">Wopke Hoekstra</a> sent a letter on the subject of sanctions addressed to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a>. In it, he reported that while no Russian superyachts were at anchor in the Netherlands, twelve yachts under construction across five shipyards were immobilized to ascertain ownership, including possible beneficial ownership.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> <ul><li>Spain</li></ul> In March 2022, the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Development_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Development (Spain)">Ministry of Development</a> (known by its acronym "MITMA") detained three yachts pending investigation into whether their true owners are individuals sanctioned by the European Union. Valerie is detained in the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Barcelona" title="Port of Barcelona">Port of Barcelona</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lady_Anastasia" title="Lady Anastasia">Lady Anastasia</a> in Port Adriano in <a href="/wiki/Calvi%C3%A0" title="Calvià">Calvià</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mallorca" title="Mallorca">Mallorca</a>; and Crescent in the Port of <a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> <ul><li>United Kingdom</li></ul> On 29 March 2022, <a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Grant Shapps</a>, the British secretary of state for transport, announced the <a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Agency" title="National Crime Agency">National Crime Agency</a>'s seizure of Phi. The yacht was docked at <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a> and was about to leave.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unilateral_sanctions_by_Ukraine">Unilateral sanctions by Ukraine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Unilateral sanctions by Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> In May 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> introduced unilateral sanctions against the Russian economy. It also sanctioned the head of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Mikhailovich_Gundyayev" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Mikhailovich Gundyayev">Vladimir Mikhailovich Gundyayev</a>, better known as <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Kirill" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Kirill">Patriarch Kirill</a>, due to his collaboration with clerics from the Russian Orthodox Church, a measure that is seldom taken during armed conflicts. Vladimir Mikhailovich Gundyayev has been identified as a close confident of Vladimir Putin, but he never advocated any violent actions during wartime, and was not placed under EU sanctions. The cleric is now barred from entry into the Czech Republic, a measure that was criticised by members of both denominations.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> In November 2023, Ukraine sanctioned the Swiss company Nestle for being ‘sponsors of war’ and blacklisted the company for its continued presence in Russia, joining food and drink peers Unilever, PepsiCo and Mars. These food companies manufacture essential foods and dietary components that are explicitly exempt from international sanctions. In the same month, Ukraine also placed sanctions on the Swiss company NVS Technologies, owned by a Russian individual, that provides geolocation equipment to companies in Eastern Europe and elsewhere. Ukraine government's <a href="/wiki/National_Agency_on_Corruption_Prevention" title="National Agency on Corruption Prevention">National Agency on Corruption Prevention</a> (NACP) gave no further details on the reason for these sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposition_to_sanctions">Opposition to sanctions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Opposition to sanctions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg/300px-Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg/450px-Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg/600px-Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">   Russia <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">   Countries on Russia's "<a href="/wiki/Unfriendly_Countries_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Unfriendly Countries List">Unfriendly Countries List</a>". Countries and territories on the list have imposed or joined sanctions against Russia.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a></figcaption></figure> Italy, Hungary, Greece, France, Cyprus and Slovakia were among the EU states most skeptical about the early sanctions and called for review of sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> The Hungarian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> stated that Europe "shot itself in the foot" by introducing economic sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Bulgarian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Boyko_Borisov" title="Boyko Borisov">Boyko Borisov</a> stated, "I don't know how Russia is affected by the sanctions, but Bulgaria is affected severely".<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> Czech president <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Zeman" title="Miloš Zeman">Miloš Zeman</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] and Slovak prime minister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> also said that the sanctions should be lifted. Several countries including Greek prime minister <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Tsipras" title="Alexis Tsipras">Alexis Tsipras</a> and German economy minister <a href="/wiki/Sigmar_Gabriel" title="Sigmar Gabriel">Sigmar Gabriel</a> believed dialogue rather than sanctions would be better.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Paolo Gentiloni</a>, the Italian minister of foreign affairs, said that the sanctions "are not the solution to the conflict".<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> In January 2017, Swiss economics minister and former president of Switzerland <a href="/wiki/Johann_Schneider-Ammann" title="Johann Schneider-Ammann">Johann Schneider-Ammann</a> stated his concern about the sanctions' harm to the Swiss economy, and expressed hope that they will soon come to an end.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Some companies, most notably Siemens Gas Turbine Technologies LLC and <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a> Service Holding were reported to attempt bypassing the sanctions and exporting power generation turbines to the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexed Crimea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> In August 2015, the British think tank <a href="/wiki/Bow_Group" title="Bow Group">Bow Group</a> released a report on sanctions, calling for the removal of them. According to the report, the sanctions have had "adverse consequences for European and American businesses, and if they are prolonged... they can have even more deleterious effects in the future"; the potential cost of sanctions for the Western countries has been estimated as over $700 billion.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> In June 2017, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> criticized the U.S. Senate over new sanctions against Russia that target the planned <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_exports" title="List of countries by natural gas exports">gas pipeline</a> from Russia to Germany,<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-bloom-216">[216]</a> stating that the United States was threatening <a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Energy policy of the European Union">Europe's energy supplies</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector" title="Russia in the European energy sector">Russia in the European energy sector</a>).<a href="#cite_note-dw-217">[217]</a> In a joint statement Austria's chancellor <a href="/wiki/Christian_Kern" title="Christian Kern">Christian Kern</a> and Germany's foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Sigmar_Gabriel" title="Sigmar Gabriel">Sigmar Gabriel</a> said that "Europe's energy supply is a matter for Europe, and not for the United States of America."<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> They also said: "To threaten companies from Germany, Austria and other European states with penalties on the U.S. market if they participate in natural gas projects such as Nord Stream 2 with Russia or finance them introduces a completely new and very negative quality into European-American relations."<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> Nations and individuals that oppose sanctions against Russia state that sanctions do not generally result in a change in the policies of the sanctioned nation<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> and that sanctions mostly hurt the civilian population who have little control over the issues pertaining to foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_to_date">2022 to date</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 2022 to date">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_meeting_Xi_Jinping_(2024)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Vladimir_Putin_meeting_Xi_Jinping_%282024%29_2.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_meeting_Xi_Jinping_%282024%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Vladimir_Putin_meeting_Xi_Jinping_%282024%29_2.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_meeting_Xi_Jinping_%282024%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Vladimir_Putin_meeting_Xi_Jinping_%282024%29_2.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_meeting_Xi_Jinping_%282024%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> with Chinese President <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> during Putin's <a href="/wiki/2024_visit_by_Vladimir_Putin_to_China" title="2024 visit by Vladimir Putin to China">visit to China</a> in May 2024</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Putin_meets_Erdogan_(2024-06-03)_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Putin_meets_Erdogan_%282024-06-03%29_%281%29.jpg/220px-Putin_meets_Erdogan_%282024-06-03%29_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Putin_meets_Erdogan_%282024-06-03%29_%281%29.jpg/330px-Putin_meets_Erdogan_%282024-06-03%29_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Putin_meets_Erdogan_%282024-06-03%29_%281%29.jpg/440px-Putin_meets_Erdogan_%282024-06-03%29_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Turkish President <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a> with Russian President Putin in July 2024</figcaption></figure> In March 2022, China expressed opposition to sanctions against Russia as punishment for invading Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> No country in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> has imposed sanctions on Russia.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> As part of the sanctions imposed on Russia, on 2 September 2022, the finance ministers of the <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a> group agreed to <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_oil_price_cap" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian oil price cap">cap the price of Russian oil and petroleum products</a>, designed to allow Russia to maintain production but limiting the revenue from oil sales.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> In October 2022, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (the world's third-largest oil importer) announced it would not join the effort to cap the price of Russian oil. India obtains Russian crude at a significant discount, and regards Russia as a strategic, economic partner.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> In 2022, Turkish President <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> said that <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> could not join sanctions against Russia due to import dependence.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> Turkey bought almost half of its gas from Russia.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> Hungary continues to be opposed to sanctions and blocks some sanctions that the EU wishes to put in place.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Efforts_to_lift_sanctions">Efforts to lift sanctions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Efforts to lift sanctions">edit</a>]</div> Some efforts were made to try to lift sanctions. France announced in January 2016 that it wanted to lift the sanctions in mid-2016. Earlier, U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> mentioned a possible lifting of sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> As Trump's <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_T._Flynn" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael T. Flynn">Michael T. Flynn</a> was an important link in the connections between Putin and Trump in the "Ukraine peace plan", an unofficial plan "organized outside regular diplomatic channels....at the behest of top aides to President Putin". This plan, aimed at easing the sanctions imposed on Russia, progressed from Putin and his advisors to Ukrainian politician <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Artemenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrey Artemenko">Andrey Artemenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felix_Sater" title="Felix Sater">Felix Sater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cohen_(lawyer)" title="Michael Cohen (lawyer)">Michael Cohen</a>, and Flynn, where he would have then presented it to Trump. The New York Times reported that Sater delivered the plan "in a sealed envelope" to Cohen, who then passed it on to Flynn in February 2017, just before his resignation.<a href="#cite_note-Dreyfuss_4/19/2018-233">[233]</a> In November 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Secretary General of the Council of Europe">Secretary General of the Council of Europe</a> <a href="/wiki/Thorbj%C3%B8rn_Jagland" title="Thorbjørn Jagland">Thorbjørn Jagland</a> said that the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> considered lifting the sanctions on Russia due to concerns that Russia may leave the organization, which would be "a big step back for Europe".<a href="#cite_note-:0-234">[234]</a> Jagland was also criticized of "caving in to blackmail" by other Council members for his conciliatory approach to Russia.<a href="#cite_note-:0-234">[234]</a> On 8 March 2019, the Italian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a> stated that Italy is working on lifting the sanctions, which "the ruling parties in Rome say are ineffective and hurt the Italian economy".<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> On 25 June 2024, China urged the European Union to lift sanctions on Chinese companies accused of supporting Russia's war in Ukraine. Spokesperson Mao Ning stated that China consistently opposes unilateral sanctions and has formally protested to the EU.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_actions_not_linked_directly_to_sanctions">Other actions not linked directly to sanctions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other actions not linked directly to sanctions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_travel">Air travel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Air travel">edit</a>]</div> The UK closed its airspace to Russia aircraft the day after the invasion of Ukraine, swiftly followed by the EU, Canada and the USA.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diplomatic_actions">Diplomatic actions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Diplomatic actions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_expulsions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div> In March 2018, 29 Western countries and NATO expelled in total at least 149 Russian diplomats, including 60 by the United States, in response to the <a href="/wiki/Poisoning_of_Sergei_and_Yulia_Skripal" title="Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal">poisoning of Skripal and his daughter</a> on 4 March in the United Kingdom, which has been blamed on Russia.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> Other measures were also taken. Shortly after the 2022 invasion of Ukraine a co-ordinated action was taken by the west with over 600 Russian diplomats being declared <a href="/wiki/Persona_non_grata" title="Persona non grata">personae non gratae</a>, 400 were believed to be spies.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkish_control_of_transiting_ships_to/from_the_Black_Sea">Turkish control of transiting ships to/from the Black Sea</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Turkish control of transiting ships to/from the Black Sea">edit</a>]</div> Turkish Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu">Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu</a> announced on 27 February that his government would legally recognise the Russian invasion as a "war", which provides grounds for implementing the <a href="/wiki/Montreux_Convention_Regarding_the_Regime_of_the_Straits" title="Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits">Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits</a> blocking the transit of Russian Federation and Ukrainian military vessels into/from the Black Sea.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_company_actions">Independent company actions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Independent company actions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_that_applied_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of companies that applied sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">List of companies that applied sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div> Following sanctions and negative sentiment towards engaging in Russian business, many companies have chosen to exit Russians or Belarusian markets voluntarily or in order to avoid potential future sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-:3-160">[160]</a> Visa, Mastercard and American Express independently blocked Russian banks as of March 2.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sonnenfeld" title="Jeffrey Sonnenfeld">Jeffrey Sonnenfeld</a> and colleagues at the <a href="/wiki/Yale_School_of_Management" title="Yale School of Management">Yale School of Management</a> have produced, and are keeping updated, a detailed list tracking those companies which have exited the Russian market, which have reduced their operations there, or which have chosen to remain.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> Companies have experienced difficulties exiting Russia, a study from Yale in July 2023 found that of 1,000 companies pledging to leave Russia, just over half managed to make a clean break, with many others having scaled down activities. The highest cost of leaving being borne by energy and utility companies.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> By December 2022, after a mass exodus, the only foreign car manufacturers in Russia are Chinese.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> In July 2023 Russia seized Russian assets owned by Danish company Carlsberg and French company Danone.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tax_haven">Tax haven</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Tax haven">edit</a>]</div> In February 2023 the EU Council's Code of Conduct Group added Russia to the EU tax haven blacklist as a non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_significance">Political significance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Political significance">edit</a>]</div> The economic sanctions imposed on Russia, serve as a tool of nonrecognition policy, by underscoring that the countries which impose these sanctions do not recognize Russian annexation of Crimea. Having these sanctions in place prevents the situation from being treated as a fait accompli.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> As a reaction to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Western nations introduced unprecedented sanctions on Russian individuals, energy commodities and high-tech industries with the aim to change Russia's "political behavior". According to a study by the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Defence_Research_Agency" title="Swedish Defence Research Agency">Swedish Defence Research Agency</a>, economic sanctions have so far failed to force Russia to change its policy towards Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> <a href="/wiki/Faisal_Islam" title="Faisal Islam">Faisal Islam</a> of BBC News stated that the measures were far from normal sanctions and were "better seen as a form of economic war". The intent of the sanctions was to push Russia into a deep <a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">recession</a> with the likelihood of <a href="/wiki/Bank_run" title="Bank run">bank runs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation" title="Hyperinflation">hyperinflation</a>. Islam noted that targeting a <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a> central bank in this way had never been done before.<a href="#cite_note-:2-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_of_sanctions">Effects of sanctions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Effects of sanctions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effects_on_Russian_economy">Effects on Russian economy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Effects on Russian economy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2014–2021">2014–2021</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: 2014–2021">edit</a>]</div> Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> had accused the United States of conspiring with <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> to intentionally weaken the Russian economy by decreasing the price of oil.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> By mid-2016, Russia had lost an estimated $170 billion due to financial sanctions, with another $400 billion lost in revenues from oil and gas.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> According to Ukrainian officials,<a href="#cite_note-251">[a]</a> the sanctions forced Russia to change its approach toward Ukraine and undermined the Russian military advances in the region.<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> Representatives of these countries said that they will lift sanctions against Russia only after Moscow fulfills the <a href="/wiki/Minsk_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Minsk II">Minsk II</a> agreements.<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2022">2022</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: 2022">edit</a>]</div> In April 2022, Russia supplied 45% of EU's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_imports" title="List of countries by natural gas imports">gas imports</a>, earning $900 million a day.<a href="#cite_note-257">[256]</a> In the first two months after the invasion of Ukraine, Russia earned $66.5 billion from <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_exports" title="List of countries by natural gas exports">fossil fuel exports</a>, and the EU accounted for 71% of that trade.<a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a> In 2022 the <a href="/wiki/Russian_rouble" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian rouble">Russian rouble</a> fell against the US Dollar and Euro on reduced trading as sanctions prevent trading with foreign accounts or currencies. In May 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Central_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Central Bank">Russian Central Bank</a> slashed its key rate by 300 basis points to 11% in order to stimulate local investments.<a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a> The federal trade surplus was increased due to high prices for Russian commodity exports and a rapid fall in imports. On 27 May 2022, Russian Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Anton_Siluanov" title="Anton Siluanov">Anton Siluanov</a> stated that extra revenues from the sale of natural gas in the amount of €13.7 billion will be used to increase pension funds for retired individuals and families with children, as well for "special operations" in the Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> Russia has also increased energy exports to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> to replace decreased revenues in Europe. Bloomberg reported that in the first half of 2022, Russia pocketed an extra $24 billion from selling energy to both nations.<a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a> Citizens of the Russian Federation faced surging <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Russia" title="Unemployment in Russia">unemployment</a>, expensive credit, <a href="/wiki/Capital_control" title="Capital control">capital controls</a>, restricted travel, and shortages of goods. Analysts have identified similarities with conditions in the decade following the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">collapse of the Soviet Union</a> in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> Russia's <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad</a> <a href="/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave" title="Enclave and exclave">exclave</a> faces ever-increasing isolation.<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> A source close to the Kremlin told the Russian-language independent news website <a href="/wiki/Meduza" title="Meduza">Meduza</a> that "There's probably almost nobody who's happy with Putin. Businesspeople and many cabinet members are unhappy that the president started this war without thinking through the scale of the sanctions. Normal life under these sanctions is impossible."<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a> On 27 June 2022, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a> reported that Russia is poised to default on its foreign debt (<a href="/wiki/Eurobond_(external_bond)" title="Eurobond (external bond)">eurobonds</a>), for the first time since 1918 after the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik revolution">Bolshevik revolution</a>. According to the source, the country missed a debt payment due to sanctions on Russian banks. Finance Minister Siluanov dismissed the possible default status as a "farce", since Russia has plenty of funds to repay the debt. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> reported that the official default on Russian's foreign debt would take time to be confirmed. Financial analysts described Russia's situation as unique, since it has extensive amounts of cash to fulfill its debt obligations.<a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> A Yale study projects a catastrophic outlook for Russian businesses if Western countries are able to keep up the sanctions against Russia's petrochemical industry. Western economists see long-lasting costs to the Russian economy from the exit of large foreign firms and <a href="/wiki/Brain_drain" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain drain">brain drain</a>, while Russia claims it has replaced those entities with domestic investments. Long term, Russia's economy will depend on the price development of fossil fuel energy, and Russia's continued economic alliances with countries that do not impose sanctions, including China, the Middle East, India, as well as nations in Africa and South America.<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> Russia's gross domestic product contracted 4% in the second quarter of 2022, revised from 6.5%, with a 15.3% drop in wholesale trade, and a 9.8% contraction in retail trade. 47 of the world's biggest 200 companies had not left Russia by summer 2022, particularly energy companies remain invested there. According to Western analysts, remaining companies have experienced <a href="/wiki/Expropriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriation">expropriation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">nationalization</a> pressures, but officially Russia has denied that it is interested in such actions. In August 2022, Russia's trade and industry minister <a href="/wiki/Denis_Manturov" title="Denis Manturov">Denis Manturov</a> stated, "we are not interested in the nationalization of enterprises or their removal."<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a> In October 2022, a government decree was approved, allowing a Russian state-run company to seize <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a>'s 30% stake in the Sakhalin-1 oil and gas project, and to decide whether foreign shareholders, including Japan's SODECO, can retain their participation.<a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a> Russia continued to pump almost as much oil as before its <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 invasion of the Ukraine</a>. Sales to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and Asia have replaced declining exports of gas and oil to Europe, and due to the higher price, Moscow made $20 billion monthly compared to $14.6 billion a year before (2021). Despite international sanctions, Russian energy sales increased in value, and its exports expanded with new financing options and payment methods for international buyers. According to the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_International_Finance" title="Institute of International Finance">Institute of International Finance</a>, "Russia is swimming in cash", earning $97 billion from oil and gas sales through July 2022. According to a former Russian energy executive, "there came a realization that the world needs oil, and nobody's brave enough to embargo 7.5 million barrels a day of Russian oil and oil products".<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> According to the Former First Deputy Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia">Central Bank of Russia</a> <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Vyugin" title="Oleg Vyugin">Oleg Vyugin</a>, sanctions imposed against Moscow over the conflict in Ukraine were only 30%-40% effective as Russia has found ways to overcome restrictions. He confirmed the contraction of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian economy">Russian economy</a> by 4% in 2022 due to sanctions, but found this has been "no catastrophe" for the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>. Russia's current account surplus – the difference in value between exports and imports – has been soaring due to declining imports, but he warned that a further embargo on Russian exports could reduce crucial revenues. He also added that the impact of US and European export controls in the technology sector will be felt with some delay.<a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Putin_Patrushev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Putin_Patrushev.jpg/220px-Putin_Patrushev.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Putin_Patrushev.jpg/330px-Putin_Patrushev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Putin_Patrushev.jpg/440px-Putin_Patrushev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1505" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption>Putin's national security adviser <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Patrushev" title="Nikolai Patrushev">Nikolai Patrushev</a> downplayed the sanctions, saying that "Russia is reorienting itself away from the European market to the African, Asian and Latin American markets".<a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a></figcaption></figure> In December 2022, when the European Union implemented its oil embargo and price cap on Russian crude, economic news channels reported a drop of Russian oil exports by 54% in the first week. Russia switched to sending nearly 90% of its oil to Asia, albeit at a lower price. Shipowners in Asia as well were reportedly less likely to transport Russian crude after the European sanctions came into force.<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> In late 2022, the Russian economy's relative resilience to Western sanctions was tested when financial sanctions seriously impacted Russia's <a href="/wiki/VTB_Bank" title="VTB Bank">VTB Bank</a>, the country's No. 2 lender. VTB bank has frozen assets abroad worth around 600 billion roubles, and then purchased <a href="/wiki/Otkritie_FC_Bank" title="Otkritie FC Bank">Otkritie FC Bank</a> to make up for the loss. The <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Russia">Bank of Russia</a> agreed to the sale for 233 billion roubles in cash and treasury bonds, increasing the share-value for Moscow-listed VTB. Dominant lender <a href="/wiki/Sberbank" title="Sberbank">Sberbank</a>, however, was less affected by financial sanctions and produced a quarterly profit. The central bank announced a bail-out of 555 billion roubles, and with the recent sale of Otkritie obtained a refund of 352 billion roubles.<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> According to Russian calculations, the country's economy shrank by 2.5% in 2022, showing better dynamics than expected by Western analysts. Both Russia's current trade account balance and foreign currency reserves increased significantly due to decreased imports from Western countries. Because of the increased expenditure for the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Moscow posted a record budget deficit of US$47.3 billion in 2022 (2.3% of GDP) requiring a drawdown from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Wealth_Fund" title="Russian National Wealth Fund">National Wealth Fund</a>. Some of the reduction in trade with Western Europe was compensated by a record trade balance with China, US$190 billion in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> The Russian state as well as its citizens purchased a record amount of gold from Russian banks in 2022 (64 to 67 metric tons). Gold, which significantly increased in value in late 2022 and early 2023, is seen as another backbone of the Russian economy. Russia attempts to create a gold-backed <a href="/wiki/Stablecoin" title="Stablecoin">stablecoin</a> to support its foreign trade in light of ongoing sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2023">2023</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: 2023">edit</a>]</div> Two financial reports from late 2022 and early 2023 concluded that only 8.5% or less than one out of ten companies had divested at least one subsidiary in Russia. In comparison, between economic regions, 18% of US companies with subsidiaries exited Russia, some 15% of Japanese firms and only 8.3% of EU firms have done the same. Among EU nations, Italian companies were least likely to exit from Russia. Particularly firms involved in lucrative resource extraction and agriculture remain active there, but also pharmaceutical companies, which are exempt from sanctions. Quantitatively, those companies that left Russia (a total of 120) represent only 6.5% of the total profits of all the firms active there. Even companies that planned a full withdrawal had struggled to pull out their businesses swiftly and comply with sanctions or NGO demands, according to business analysts.<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> Year on year, Russian car production fell 67% from 2022 to 2023. Truck production decreased 24% <a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a> A particularly drastic fall occurred in May 2022 when car production dropped 97%,<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> but rebounded after some adaptations. Car sales fell 63%<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a> In March 2023, renewed assessments of the Russian economy were made public. Former <a href="/wiki/Russian_Central_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Central Bank">Russian Central Bank</a> official Alexandra Prokopenko had warned that "Russia's economy is entering a long-term regression". Western economists also expressed that Russia's resilience was only short-term and that subsequent to the oil and gas embargo by Europe in late 2022 and early 2023, the RF would enter a recessive period. The IMF predicts that Russia's economic growth would be at only 1%, down from 3.5% before 2014, when it annexed the <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. Russia's federal budget deficit continued into 2023, requiring additional drawdowns from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Wealth_Fund" title="Russian National Wealth Fund">National Wealth Fund</a>, economists predicted a further isolation of the Russian economy. Later that month, Mr. Putin and Chinese PM <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> met again to further increase economic cooperation, particularly in the area of <a href="/wiki/High_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="High technology">high technology</a> and energy. Despite Russia's slow growth, it has increased its military output, as the production of finished metal goods increased by 7% in 2022 due to the conflict in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a> A detailed analysis of daily web-scraped data showed that international sanctions significantly disrupted Russian price dynamics, with sanctions associated with an average increase of 11.7 percentage points in the Russian Consumer Price Index, though effects varied across product categories.<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> In early April 2023, Bloomberg News noted that Russia's seaborne crude oil exports had increased due to the sanctions on pipeline deliveries to Western Europe. According to ship-tracking data, the nation's shipments surged by 1 million barrels/d to a new high of 4.13 million barrels. Data also indicates that most sales were conducted below the price cap of $60/barrel because Russia offered discounts on <a href="/wiki/Urals_oil" title="Urals oil">Urals oil</a> or the price cap set by Western nations showed some effects to reduce Russia's revenues. In mid-2023, new data showed that Russia's economic decline was well below the value analysts had predicted earlier. The fall-out for the Russian economy was already much less severe in 2022, namely 2.1% rather than the double-digit numbers the West forecasted.<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a> Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Central_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Central Bank">Russian Central Bank</a> held its interest rate at 7.5% for June to allow more borrowing by the Russian economy that still experiences a significant inflation risk. China-Russia trade surged as well reaching $93.8 billion since January 2023, a 75.6% increase, to replace declining trade volumes with the countries imposing sanctions. Its economy is now predicted to only fall by 0.7%.<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a> The ruble continues its slow but steady decline.<a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a> The Russian budget deficit for the five months to May was 3.41 trillion roubles ($41.9 billion) higher than the planned budget deficit for the whole year, with gas and oil revenues down 49% on 2022, spending was up 26% and non-oil-and-gas revenues were 9% higher.<a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> Some limitations on the effect of sanctions were seen in July 2023, when crude oil prices were again up with some Urals oil trading just above US$60 per barrel. The recent decline in oil revenue was due to lower prices in late 2022 and early 2023, with little sign that Russia's oil export volume decreased. In late December 2023, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Russia">Deputy Prime Minister of Russia</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Novak" title="Alexander Novak">Alexander Novak</a> confirmed earlier reports that the country had shifted most of its sales of Russian crude to China and India while still supplying 4-5% of its total sales to European destinations. He also forecasted relatively high prices at around $80–85 (roughly €72-77) per barrel to continue well into 2024. In 2023 about 90% of Russian oil exports were delivered to the two largest Asian nations, which are totaling a revenue of almost 9 trillion rubles (roughly $98 billion), which is about 27% of its GDP. Russia had reported that 40-45% were due to exports to India, a market that is expected to grow most rapidly for its Asian-Pacific segment. Initially, E.U. politicians had shrugged off this development, assuming net revenues for Russia were much lower due to steep discounts and lower prices on the global market, but as India had expanded its capabilities in oil refining and re-exporting particularly diesel fuel to Europe, this development had again been interpreted by Western nations as a problematic breach of international sanctions they impose to curtail Russia's ambitions during the war in Ukraine. About 57% of Russia's export revenues are based on sales of crude, and it aims to further expand that market to nations in Africa as well as South America in the coming years.<a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a> Research has shown that such third-country relationships significantly mitigate the welfare losses for Russia while amplifying losses for sanctioning countries, highlighting the challenges in maintaining effective international sanctions coordination.<a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024">2024</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: 2024">edit</a>]</div> Following the implementation of international sanctions during Russia's invasion of Ukraine, China provided economic relief to Russia.<a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a> In 2022, China accounted for 40% of Russia's imports.<a href="#cite_note-:carnegieendowment-299">[298]</a> In 2023, China's total trade with Russia reached a record $240 billion.<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a> Russia's dependence on the <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Chinese yuan</a> increased heavily after its invasion of Ukraine in 2022. However, by August 2024, Russian transactions with Chinese banks (especially smaller ones) were largely closed.<a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a> Due to strict <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sanctions" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary sanctions">secondary sanctions</a>, Russia could not exchange money with China.<a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a> As many as 98% of Chinese banks rejected direct yuan payments from Russia.<a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a> In April 2024, the United States and the United Kingdom announced a ban on imports of Russian <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-305">[304]</a> Due to sanctions, Russian nickel, copper and <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">palladium</a> mining and smelting company <a href="/wiki/Norilsk_Nickel" title="Norilsk Nickel">Norilsk Nickel</a> planned to move some of its copper smelting to China and establish a joint venture with a Chinese company.<a href="#cite_note-306">[305]</a> Finished copper products would be sold as Chinese products to avoid Western sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a> China is Norilsk Nickel's largest export market from 2023.<a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a> Nickel is a critical metal in <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle_battery" title="Electric vehicle battery">electric vehicle batteries</a> and palladium is critical element in <a href="/wiki/Catalytic_converter" title="Catalytic converter">catalytic converters</a>, a component in <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_vehicle" title="Natural gas vehicle">natural gas vehicles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a> By late 2023, Russian LNG sales to Europe started to pick up again, and in October 2024, Russia surpassed the U.S. with supplying the energy resource to Europe. Despite falling demand for gas and oil in Western Europe due to economic decline, Russia was able to at least partially compensate for its losses as a result of suspected sabotage in the <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_1" title="Nord Stream 1">Nord Stream 1</a> & 2 pipelines. While Western Europe overall managed to abstain from Russian energy, the situation looks considerably different for Eastern and Central Europe. <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> still rely heavily on pipelined Russian gas now accessed through <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> while other European countries with maritime access have imported more Russian LNG. Another crucial factor for the choice of Russian gas is its price and the steep discount offered by Russian energy traders.<a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[310]</a> As a result, the U.S. extended its <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sanctions" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary sanctions">secondary sanctions</a> policies to a number of countries, including <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, among others.<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effects_on_US_and_EU_countries">Effects on US and EU countries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Effects on US and EU countries">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2014-2021">2014-2021</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: 2014-2021">edit</a>]</div> As of 2015, the losses of EU have been estimated as at least €100 billion.<a href="#cite_note-newsweek-5">[5]</a> The German business sector, with around 30,000 workplaces depending on trade with the Russian Federation, also reported being affected significantly by the sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a> The sanctions affected numerous European market sectors, including energy, agriculture,<a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a> and aviation among others.<a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a> In March 2016, the Finnish farmers' union MTK stated that the Russian sanctions and falling prices have put farmers under tremendous pressure. Finland's Natural Resources Institute LUKE has estimated that in 2015, farmers saw their incomes shrink by at least 40 percent compared to the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a> In February 2015, <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a> reported losing about $1 billion due to Russian sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-317">[316]</a> In 2017, the UN Special Rapporteur Idriss Jazairy published a report on the impact of sanctions, stating that the EU countries were losing about "3.2 billion dollars a month" due to them. He also noted that the sanctions were "intended to serve as a deterrent to Russia but run the risk of being only a deterrent to the international business community, while adversely affecting only those vulnerable groups which have nothing to do with the crisis" (especially people in Crimea, who "should not be made to pay collectively for what is a complex political crisis over which they have no control").<a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[319]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2022–present">2022–present</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: 2022–present">edit</a>]</div> In May 2022, the EU decided to partially ban Russian oil imports, except those obtained through pipelines via <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> until the end of 2022. Crude oil prices again jumped as supplies for fossil fuels remained constrained; the decision by the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> exacerbated worries about an already-tight energy market.<a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a> Besides Hungary, which gained significant exemptions from the oil embargo, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> was also initially an opponent of such sanctions. The EU oil embargo is now putting at risk one of Italy's largest refineries, located in Sicily's <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Syracuse" title="Province of Syracuse">Province of Syracuse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a> The detrimental effects on European countries from economic sanctions against Russia had been initially valued as not significant compared to the impact these measures have on the <a href="/wiki/Russian_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian economy">Russian economy</a>. However, after 2022, a number of economists have pointed out that Eastern European countries with more intense economic relations with Russia (and Ukraine) before the conflict, would experience more disruptions to their economies. These 'asymmetric effects' might be considerable, particularly for smaller countries with domestic production, as these international sanctions not only affected the energy industry but also agriculture and manufacturing, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Financial_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial sector">financial sector</a>.<a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a> After the onset of the armed conflict in 2022, energy prices had skyrocketed, contributing to the <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2023 global energy crisis">2021/2022 energy crisis</a>. While those energy prices in 2023 had fallen again and shortages, particularly for LNG had eased, other factors came into play, such as the serious disruption of grain exports through the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">Black Sea corridor</a>, thus causing a glut of grain in Eastern Europe, depressing prices seriously and endangering the livelihood of local farmers in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-324">[323]</a> In contrast, economic sanctions against Russia's petrochemical industry have benefited the U.S. energy economy, while Europe was impacted negatively. Exports of American LNG to Europe have more than doubled since 2021. According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Energy_Agency" title="International Energy Agency">International Energy Agency</a>, US shipments of natural gas to Europe in June 2022 exceeded the amount Russia was supplying via pipelines.<a href="#cite_note-325">[324]</a> In late 2022, German Economy Minister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Habeck" title="Robert Habeck">Robert Habeck</a> accused the US and other "friendly" gas supplier nations from profiting in the Ukraine war with "astronomical prices". He called for more solidarity by the US to assist energy-pressed allies, and to reverse the economic decline in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a> According to the Financial Times, European companies had lost at least €200 billion in 2022 in Germany alone due to reduced profits from sanctions in the automobile, energy and chemical sectors. The German chemical sector by itself experienced a current decline of 25% in 2023, after a still smaller decline of 8.5% in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-327">[326]</a> In September 2023, the Dutch shipyard <a href="/wiki/Damen_Group" title="Damen Group">Damen Group</a> has initiated a lawsuit against the government of the Netherlands for losses inflicted by these measures. The cancellation of contracts from Russian clients had significantly impacted the business environment for many shipbuilders. The financial setbacks for that industry stems from the severance of ties with its Russian engineering branch, according to the statement.<a href="#cite_note-328">[327]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effect_on_global_food_supply">Effect on global food supply</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Effect on global food supply">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2022_food_crises" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 food crises">2022 food crises</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Putin-Sall_meeting_(2022-06-03)_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Putin-Sall_meeting_%282022-06-03%29_03.jpg/220px-Putin-Sall_meeting_%282022-06-03%29_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Putin-Sall_meeting_%282022-06-03%29_03.jpg/330px-Putin-Sall_meeting_%282022-06-03%29_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Putin-Sall_meeting_%282022-06-03%29_03.jpg/440px-Putin-Sall_meeting_%282022-06-03%29_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Vladimir Putin meets the President of the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macky_Sall" title="Macky Sall">Macky Sall</a>, in Sochi to discuss grain deliveries from Russia and Ukraine to Africa, 3 June 2022</figcaption></figure> Western countries have accused Russia to interfere with wheat exports from Ukraine due to armed confrontations in <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> and other Ukrainian ports. Later the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> pushed back and accused the West of imposing sanctions on the <a href="/wiki/Russian_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian economy">Russian economy</a> that hinder the export of wheat from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>. Spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a> referred to Russia as "a rather reliable grain exporter". During a meeting with <a href="/wiki/Italian_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Prime Minister">Italian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Draghi" title="Mario Draghi">Mario Draghi</a>, Putin confirmed Russia's willingness to make "a significant contribution to overcoming the food crisis through the export of grain and fertilizer" but mentioned Western sanctions as the caveat.<a href="#cite_note-329">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[329]</a> The head of the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, Senegalese President <a href="/wiki/Macky_Sall" title="Macky Sall">Macky Sall</a>, remarked that the side effects of the EU's decision to expel many Russian banks from <a href="/wiki/SWIFT" title="SWIFT">SWIFT</a> will hurt the ability of African countries to pay for imported food and <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizers</a> from Russia. French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> responded that difficulties have nothing to do with EU sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a> On 22 July 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">Black Sea Grain Initiative</a> was signed.<a href="#cite_note-332">[331]</a> The facilitated exports of Ukrainian grain via the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> amid the ongoing war has been described as "a beacon of hope" by the UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> during the signing ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-333">[332]</a> On 14 September 2022, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres reiterated his concerns over a constrained fertilizer supply from Russia due to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> and subsequent economic sanctions. According to the source, UN diplomats held discussions to re-open the Togliatti-Odesa pipeline carrying <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a>. President <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskiy" class="mw-redirect" title="Volodymyr Zelenskiy">Volodymyr Zelenskiy</a> had offered such a move in exchange for the release of <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a> held by Russia. But TASS news agency quoted Kremlin spokesman <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a>, who dismissed such an idea, as saying "are people and ammonia the same thing?".<a href="#cite_note-334">[333]</a> The pipeline remained unused. At the 38th meeting of the Standing Committee for Economic and Commercial Cooperation (COMCEC) of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Islamic_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Islamic Cooperation">Organization of Islamic Cooperation</a> (OIC) in Istanbul, <a href="/wiki/Erdogan" class="mw-redirect" title="Erdogan">Erdogan</a> remarked that over 11 million tonnes of grain had been transported through the Black Sea Grain Corridor since the successful implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">Black Sea Grain Initiative</a>. He also noted that the opening of the grain corridor through the Black Sea showed that a diplomatic solution is possible in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">conflict between Russia and Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-335">[334]</a> In July 2023 Russia refused to renew the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">Black Sea Grain Initiative</a> which had transported 33 million tonnes of grain and other food products on 1,000 ships.<a href="#cite_note-336">[335]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_effects">Other effects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Other effects">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shifting_to_safe_havens">Shifting to safe havens</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Shifting to safe havens">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_in_Abu_Dhabi_(2023-12-06)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vladimir_Putin_in_Abu_Dhabi_%282023-12-06%29_01.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Abu_Dhabi_%282023-12-06%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vladimir_Putin_in_Abu_Dhabi_%282023-12-06%29_01.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Abu_Dhabi_%282023-12-06%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vladimir_Putin_in_Abu_Dhabi_%282023-12-06%29_01.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Abu_Dhabi_%282023-12-06%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> with UAE's President <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan</a> in Abu Dhabi, UAE, 6 December 2023</figcaption></figure> Under the sanctions imposed by the US and the European Union, <a href="/wiki/Russian_oligarchs" title="Russian oligarchs">Russian oligarchs</a> began looking for safe havens financially. Many of them moved their wealth to countries like the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> (UAE), which could not match the Western sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[337]</a> Investigations spotted a number of superyachts moored in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-339">[338]</a> Private jets owned by these oligarchs were also tracked flying back and forth from Moscow to Dubai and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-340">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[340]</a> The Russian elites have been shifting funds worth hundreds of millions of dollars from sanctioning countries like the UK and Switzerland to countries that do not impose sanctions like the UAE.<a href="#cite_note-342">[341]</a> Russian oligarchs facing sanctions from the West were not just seeking to buy properties in the UAE, but for long-term residence. Analysts assessed that these billionaires could avail the service of the Emirates' "golden visa" program by investing at least $2.7 million in a local company or investment fund. The golden visa program could allow these oligarchs to live, work, and study in the UAE with full ownership of their business.<a href="#cite_note-343">[342]</a> The shifting to safe havens also involves large gold sales that are now conducted through the UAE first before reaching other destinations. Due to the flexibility of gold transactions, and the ability to re-issue <a href="/wiki/Gold_certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold certificate">gold certificates</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Gold_bullion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold bullion">gold bullions</a>, it is practically impossible to control the flow of gold from sanctioned entities. Even when gold-rich countries, such as Switzerland had adhered to EU sanctions, and no longer import gold directly from Russia, the trade with such commodities among others, actually increased for 2022 and early 2023. Furthermore, both China and Russia had increased their <a href="/wiki/Gold_reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold reserves">gold reserves</a> considerably, even before the onset of the hostilities between Russia and Ukraine, driving up the <a href="/wiki/Gold_price" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold price">gold price</a>. As the gold trade became less transparent due to the sanctions imposed on Russia, economic effects of such transactions are now much more difficult to predict.<a href="#cite_note-344">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[344]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Space">Space</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Space">edit</a>]</div> Continued international collaboration on the operation of and missions to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS) has been thrown into doubt,<a href="#cite_note-346">[345]</a> although Russia has continued with resupply missions and crew to the ISS.<a href="#cite_note-347">[346]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environmental_effects">Environmental effects</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Environmental effects">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Environmental impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Scientists</a> suggest the sanctions could be used to accelerate the <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy transition">renewable energy transition</a>/<a href="/wiki/Decarbonization" class="mw-redirect" title="Decarbonization">decarbonization</a> (i.e. for Russian fossil fuels sanctions and due to e.g. increased public acceptance of increased energy prices, <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation#Enaction_of_a_state_of_emergency" title="Climate change mitigation">unconventional</a> energy transition efforts and uncomfortable energy conservation measures).<a href="#cite_note-348">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a> Europe's ending dependence on Russian fossil fuels lead to a push for <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy#Geopolitics" title="Renewable energy">energy independence via renewables</a>.<a href="#cite_note-351">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[351]</a> For some countries, such as Austria, however, with less alternative energy resources, the exit from Russian gas supplies has been difficult. In 2022/23 Austria imported the same amounts of liquified gas as before the Russian invasion of the Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-353">[352]</a> Hungary also continues to obtain the same amount of gas as before the onset of the war but due to the fact that direct transfers from Ukraine were halted in summer 2023, it will import Russian gas via the <a href="/wiki/TurkStream" title="TurkStream">TurkStream</a> pipeline after October 1, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-354">[353]</a> Secretary-general of the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> stated that "instead of hitting the brakes on the decarbonization of the <a href="/wiki/Global_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Global economy">global economy</a>, now is the time to put the pedal to the metal towards a renewable energy future."<a href="#cite_note-355">[354]</a> Some political policy-makers in Europe have made decisions to replace Russian fossil fuel imports with other fossil fuels imports and small temporary increases in European coal energy production and to assist people with high fossil fuel prices.<a href="#cite_note-356">[355]</a> Economic sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian war have accelerated a temporary use of coal in energy production worldwide. Soaring <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> prices have made coal more competitive in many markets, and some nations have resorted to coal as a substitute for potential <a href="/wiki/Energy_rationing" title="Energy rationing">energy rationing</a> in winter 2022/23. With demand for coal increasing in Asia and Europe, global coal consumption is forecast to rise a minimal amount in 2022. Burning coal or petroleum products emits significantly higher amounts of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_pollutant" class="mw-redirect" title="Air pollutant">air pollutants</a> compared to natural gas. The return to coal fills the energy gap before transition to greener and more <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">sustainable energy</a> sources.<a href="#cite_note-357">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a> Europe could see a drop in fossil fuel power generation of 20% in 2023 as a large boost has been given to finding and speeding up renewable energy sources and for some EU countries, continuing longer with nuclear power. The falls being in coal and gas generation with the EU determined to phase out coal quickly as planned and to now phase out gas.<a href="#cite_note-359">[358]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enforcement_efforts">Enforcement efforts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Enforcement efforts">edit</a>]</div> The legal framework of sanctions varies across jurisdictions, including the means of enforcement and compliance. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multilateral_cooperation">Multilateral cooperation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Multilateral cooperation">edit</a>]</div> On February 26, 2022, the leaders of the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States released "Joint Statement on Further Restrictive Economic Measures," committing to the launch of "a transatlantic task force that will ensure the effective implementation of our financial sanctions by identifying and freezing the assets of sanctioned individuals and companies that exist within our jurisdictions."<a href="#cite_note-360">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-361">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[363]</a> On March 16, 2022, <a href="/wiki/Financial_intelligence" title="Financial intelligence">financial intelligence</a> units of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States signed a joint <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_intent" title="Letter of intent">letter of intent</a> forming a working group to "enhance, expedite and engage" in coordinated efforts related to sanctions and asset recovery.<a href="#cite_note-365">[364]</a> The same day, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a> announced the formation of the Russian Elites, Proxies, and Oligarchs (REPO) Task Force with the participation of relevant ministries from Australia, Canada, the European Commission, Germany, Italy, France, Japan, the UK. The Task Force members agree to collect and sharing information to take concrete action including sanctions, asset freezing, and civil and criminal asset seizure, and criminal prosecution.<a href="#cite_note-366">[365]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FinCEN_advisories_for_international_banking_and_finance">FinCEN advisories for international banking and finance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: FinCEN advisories for international banking and finance">edit</a>]</div> Though it is a United States regulatory entity, the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Crimes_Enforcement_Network" title="Financial Crimes Enforcement Network">Financial Crimes Enforcement Network</a> is a de facto international regulator due to the dominance of the <a href="/wiki/American_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="American dollar">American dollar</a> and resultant use of U.S.-based <a href="/wiki/Correspondent_account" title="Correspondent account">correspondent accounts</a>. In March 2022, FinCEN released two "Alerts" intended to instruct institutions on sanctions compliance. Each included several possible "flags" for a <a href="/wiki/Suspicious_activity_report" title="Suspicious activity report">suspicious activity report</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Bank_Secrecy_Act" title="Bank Secrecy Act">Bank Secrecy Act</a> for sanctions avoidance. FIN-2022-Alert001 "FinCEN Advises Increased Vigilance for Potential Russian Sanctions Evasion Attempts"<a href="#cite_note-367">[366]</a> <ul><li>Sanctions Evasion Attempts Using the U.S. Financial System</li> <li>Sanctions Evasion Using Convertible Virtual Currency (CVC)</li> <li>Possible Ransomware Attacks and Other Cybercrime</li></ul> FIN-2022-Alert002 "FinCEN Alert on Real Estate, Luxury Goods, and Other High Value Assets Involving Russian Elites, Oligarchs, and their Family Members"<a href="#cite_note-368">[367]</a> <ul><li>Real Estate</li> <li>Artworks</li> <li>Precious Metals, Stones, and Jewelry (PMSJs)</li> <li>Other High-Value Assets</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enforcement_activities_of_the_United_States">Enforcement activities of the United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Enforcement activities of the United States">edit</a>]</div> The primary <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions" class="mw-redirect" title="United States sanctions">United States sanctions</a> law, <a href="/wiki/International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act" title="International Emergency Economic Powers Act">International Emergency Economic Powers Act</a> (IEEPA), permits the President (via the Treasury) to block (or "freeze") a designated foreign person or entity's assets. The law also prohibits any <a href="/wiki/United_States_person" title="United States person">United States person</a> from transacting business with the designated foreign person or entity. Specifically, <a href="/wiki/Title_50_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 50 of the United States Code">50 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/50/1705">§ 1705</a> criminalizes activities that "violate, attempt to violate, conspire to violate, or cause a violation of any license, order, regulation, or prohibition," and allows for fines up to $1,000,000, imprisonment up to 20 years, or both. Additionally, United States <a href="/wiki/Asset_forfeiture" title="Asset forfeiture">asset forfeiture</a> laws allow for the seizure of assets considered to be the proceeds of criminal activity. On 3 February 2022, John "Jack" Hanick was arrested in London for violating sanctions against <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Malofeev" title="Konstantin Malofeev">Konstantin Malofeev</a>, owner of <a href="/wiki/Tsargrad_TV" title="Tsargrad TV">Tsargrad TV</a>. Malofeev is targeted for sanctions by the European Union and United States for material and financial support to Donbass separatists.<a href="#cite_note-369">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-370">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-376">[b]</a> Hanick was the first person criminally indicted for violating United States sanctions during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">War in Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-377">[375]</a> According to court records, Hanick has been under sealed indictment in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</a> since November 2021. The indictment was unsealed March 3, 2022. Hanick awaits extradition from the United Kingdom to the United States.<a href="#cite_note-378">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[377]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/B-roll_from_Seizure_of_%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Vekselberg_by_Spain_at_U.S._Request.webm/220px--B-roll_from_Seizure_of_%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Vekselberg_by_Spain_at_U.S._Request.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="125" data-durationhint="53" data-mwtitle="B-roll_from_Seizure_of_$90M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Vekselberg_by_Spain_at_U.S._Request.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:B-roll_from_Seizure_of_$90M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Vekselberg_by_Spain_at_U.S._Request.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/B-roll_from_Seizure_of_%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Vekselberg_by_Spain_at_U.S._Request.webm/B-roll_from_Seizure_of_%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Vekselberg_by_Spain_at_U.S._Request.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="636" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/B-roll_from_Seizure_of_%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Vekselberg_by_Spain_at_U.S._Request.webm/B-roll_from_Seizure_of_%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Vekselberg_by_Spain_at_U.S._Request.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="636" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/B-roll_from_Seizure_of_%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Vekselberg_by_Spain_at_U.S._Request.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="636" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/B-roll_from_Seizure_of_%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Vekselberg_by_Spain_at_U.S._Request.webm/B-roll_from_Seizure_of_%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Vekselberg_by_Spain_at_U.S._Request.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="254" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/B-roll_from_Seizure_of_%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Vekselberg_by_Spain_at_U.S._Request.webm/B-roll_from_Seizure_of_%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Vekselberg_by_Spain_at_U.S._Request.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="424" data-height="240" /></video><figcaption>Footage from the 4 April 2022 seizure of the Motoryacht Tango in <a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a> from a warrant executed by <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Guardia Civil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_Investigations" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Security Investigations">Homeland Security Investigations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm/220px--%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="59" data-mwtitle="$90M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:$90M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm/%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm/%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm/%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm/%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm/%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm/%2490M_Yacht_of_Sanctioned_Russian_Oligarch_Viktor_Vekselberg_Seized_by_Spain_at_Request_of_U.S.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Merrick_B._Garland" class="mw-redirect" title="Merrick B. Garland">Merrick B. Garland</a> announces the <a href="/wiki/Asset_forfeiture" title="Asset forfeiture">seizure</a> of the Motoryacht Tango on 4 April 2022.</figcaption></figure>In the March 1, 2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2022 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address</a>, American President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> announced an effort to target the wealth of Russian oligarchs.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Tonight, I say to the Russian oligarchs and the corrupt leaders who've bilked billions of dollars off this violent regime: No more. The United States — I mean it. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> is assembling a dedicated task force to go after the crimes of the Russian oligarchs. We're joining with European Allies to find and seize their yachts, their luxury apartments, their private jets. We're coming for your ill-begotten gains.<a href="#cite_note-SOTU2022-380">[378]</a></blockquote> On March 2, 2022, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Attorney General">U.S. Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Merrick_B._Garland" class="mw-redirect" title="Merrick B. Garland">Merrick B. Garland</a> announced the formation of <a href="/wiki/Task_Force_KleptoCapture" title="Task Force KleptoCapture">Task Force KleptoCapture</a>, an inter-agency effort.<a href="#cite_note-381">[379]</a> On March 11, 2022, United States President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> signed <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive Order</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14068" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 14068">14068</a>, "Prohibiting Certain Imports, Exports, and New Investment With Respect to Continued Russian Federation Aggression," an order of economic sanctions under the United States <a href="/wiki/International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act" title="International Emergency Economic Powers Act">International Emergency Economic Powers Act</a> against several oligarchs. The order targeted two properties of <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Vekselberg" title="Viktor Vekselberg">Viktor Vekselberg</a> worth an estimated $180 million: an <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A319-115" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A319-115">Airbus A319-115</a> jet and the <a href="/wiki/Motoryacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Motoryacht">motoryacht</a> Tango.<a href="#cite_note-382">[380]</a> Estimates of the value of the Tango range from $90 million (<a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> estimate) to $120 million (from the website Superyachtfan.com). On April 4, 2022, the yacht was seized by <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Civil Guard</a> of Spain and U.S. federal agents in <a href="/wiki/Mallorca" title="Mallorca">Mallorca</a>. A <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> press release states that the seizure of the Tango was by request of <a href="/wiki/Task_Force_KleptoCapture" title="Task Force KleptoCapture">Task Force KleptoCapture</a>, an interagency task force operated through the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Deputy_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Deputy Attorney General">U.S. Deputy Attorney General</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0b-383">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-384">[382]</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[383]</a> The matter is pending in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">United States District Court for the District of Columbia</a>. The affidavit for the seizure warrant states that the yacht is seized on probable cause to suspect violations of <a href="/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 18 of the United States Code">18 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1349">§ 1349</a> (conspiracy to commit <a href="/wiki/Bank_fraud" title="Bank fraud">bank fraud</a>), <a href="/wiki/Title_50_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 50 of the United States Code">50 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/50/1705">§ 1705</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act" title="International Emergency Economic Powers Act">International Emergency Economic Powers Act</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 18 of the United States Code">18 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1956">§ 1956</a> (<a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a>), and as authorized by American statutes on civil and criminal <a href="/wiki/Asset_forfeiture" title="Asset forfeiture">asset forfeiture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-386">[384]</a> On 6 April 2022, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> unsealed a 2021 criminal indictment of <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Malofeev" title="Konstantin Malofeev">Konstantin Malofeev</a> on the charges of making false statements (<a href="/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 18 of the United States Code">18 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1001">§ 1001</a>), violating United States sanctions under <a href="/wiki/IEEPA" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEPA">IEEPA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Title_50_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 50 of the United States Code">50 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/50/1705">§ 1705</a>) as well as the derivative regulations of <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive Order</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13660" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 13660">13660</a>, <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive Order</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13661" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 13661">13661</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive Order</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13662" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 13662">13662</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Title_31_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 31 of the Code of Federal Regulations">31 CFR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-31/section-589.201">589.201</a>. The Department of Justice states that Malofeyev is the first sanctioned oligarch that the United States have charged.<a href="#cite_note-387">[385]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russian_counter-sanctions">Russian counter-sanctions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Russian counter-sanctions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014_2">2014</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: 2014">edit</a>]</div> Three days after the first sanctions against Russia, on 20 March 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Ministry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Ministry of Russia">Russian Foreign Ministry</a> published a list of reciprocal sanctions against certain American citizens, which consisted of ten names, including Speaker of the House of Representatives <a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">John Boehner</a>, Senator <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>, and two advisers to <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>. The ministry said in the statement, "Treating our country in such way, as Washington could have already ascertained, is inappropriate and counterproductive", and reiterated that sanctions against Russia would have a <a href="/wiki/Boomerang_effect_(psychology)" title="Boomerang effect (psychology)">boomerang effect</a>.<a href="#cite_note-388">[386]</a> On 24 March, Russia banned thirteen Canadian officials, including members of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a>, from entering the country.<a href="#cite_note-theglobeandmail.com-389">[387]</a> On 6 August 2014, Putin signed a decree "On the use of specific economic measures", which mandated an effective embargo for a one-year period on imports of most of the agricultural products whose <a href="/wiki/Country_of_origin" title="Country of origin">country of origin</a> had either "adopted the decision on introduction of economic sanctions in respect of Russian legal and (or) physical entities, or joined same".<a href="#cite_note-390">[388]</a><a href="#cite_note-391">[389]</a> The next day, the Russian government ordinance was adopted and published with immediate effect,<a href="#cite_note-392">[390]</a> which specified the banned items as well as the countries of provenance: the United States, the European Union, Norway, Canada and Australia, including a ban on fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, milk and dairy imports. Prior to the embargo, food exports from the EU to Russia were worth around €11.8 billion, or 10% of the total EU exports to Russia. Food exports from the United States to Russia were worth around €972 million. Food exports from Canada were worth around €385 million. Food exports from Australia, mainly meat and live cattle, were worth around €170 million per year.<a href="#cite_note-BBChitswest-393">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-394">[392]</a> On August 7, 2014, Russia had previously taken a position that it would not engage in "tit-for-tat" sanctions, but, announcing the embargo, Russian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> said,<blockquote>"There is nothing good in sanctions and it was not an easy decision to take, but we had to do it." He indicated that sanctions relating to the transport manufacturing sector were also being considered. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Treasury">United States Treasury</a> spokesperson David Cohen said that sanctions affecting access to food were "not something that the US and its allies would ever do".<a href="#cite_note-395">[393]</a></blockquote>On the same day, Russia announced a ban on the use of its <a href="/wiki/Airspace" title="Airspace">airspace</a> by Ukrainian aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-BBChitswest-393">[391]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015">2015</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: 2015">edit</a>]</div> In January 2015, it became clear that Russian authorities would not allow a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a>, Lithuanian MEP <a href="/wiki/Gabrielius_Landsbergis" title="Gabrielius Landsbergis">Gabrielius Landsbergis</a>, to make a visit to Moscow due to political reasons.<a href="#cite_note-landsbergiseuobserver-396">[394]</a> In March 2015, Latvian MEP <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Kalniete" title="Sandra Kalniete">Sandra Kalniete</a> and Speaker of the Polish Senate <a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Borusewicz" title="Bogdan Borusewicz">Bogdan Borusewicz</a> were both denied entry into Russia under the existing sanctions regime, and were thus unable to attend the funeral of murdered opposition politician <a href="/wiki/Boris_Nemtsov" title="Boris Nemtsov">Boris Nemtsov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-397">[395]</a> On June 5, 2015, Russian government has "termporarily" banned Latvian and Estonian canned fish products citing "health" concerns.<a href="#cite_note-:7-398">[396]</a> Half of the countries' exports share accounted for Russia.<a href="#cite_note-:7-398">[396]</a> After a member of the German <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> was denied entry into Russia in May 2015, Russia released a blacklist to EU authorities of 89 politicians and officials from the EU who are not allowed entry into Russia under the present sanctions regime. Russia asked for the blacklist to not be made public.<a href="#cite_note-may2015afp-399">[397]</a> The list is said to include eight Swedes, as well as two MPs and two MEPs from the Netherlands.<a href="#cite_note-400">[398]</a> Finland's national broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a> published a leaked German version of the list.<a href="#cite_note-Yle-list-401">[399]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC150530-402">[400]</a> In response to this publication, British politician <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Rifkind" title="Malcolm Rifkind">Malcolm Rifkind</a> (whose name was included on the Russian list) commented: "It shows we are making an impact because they wouldn't have reacted unless they felt very sore at what had happened. Once sanctions were extended, they've had a major impact on the Russian economy. This happened at a time when the oil price had collapsed and therefore a main source of revenue for the Russian Federation disappeared".<a href="#cite_note-guardianonrusanctions-403">[401]</a> Another person on the list, Swedish <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a> <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_H%C3%B6kmark" title="Gunnar Hökmark">Gunnar Hökmark</a>, remarked that he was proud to be on the list and said "a regime that does this does it because it is afraid, and at heart it is weak".<a href="#cite_note-aftonbladet-404">[402]</a> On May 15, 2015, with regard to Russia's entry ban on European politicians, a spokesperson from the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> said,<blockquote>"The list with 89 names has now been shared by the Russian authorities. We don't have any other information on legal basis, criteria and process of this decision. We consider this measure as totally arbitrary and unjustified, especially in the absence of any further clarification and transparency."<a href="#cite_note-expressonrusanctions-405">[403]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016–2021">2016–2021</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: 2016–2021">edit</a>]</div> On 29 June 2016, Russian president Vladimir Putin signed a decree that extended the embargo on the countries already sanctioned until 31 December 2017.<a href="#cite_note-406">[404]</a> According to a 2020 study, the Russian counter-sanctions did not just serve Russia's foreign policy goals, but also facilitated Russia's protectionist policy.<a href="#cite_note-407">[405]</a> As a result of counter-sanctions, combined with government support of domestic agricultural production, production of grain, chicken, pork, cheese and other agricultural products has increased. Russia's food imports fell from 35% in 2013 to only 20% in 2018. The prices on these products have also risen dramatically though. In Moscow, from September 2014 to September 2018, the average price of cheese increased by 23%, milk by 35.7%, vegetable oil by 65%.<a href="#cite_note-408">[406]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022–2023">2022–2023</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: 2022–2023">edit</a>]</div> On 3 May 2022, Russia's president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a> signed a decree instructing the Russia government to create within 10 days, a list of sanctioned entities to whom exports of products and raw materials will be forbidden.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters3MayNewDecree-409">[407]</a> This decree was described as "the Kremlin's toughest economic response" since a 31 March <a href="/wiki/2022_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute#decree_172" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russia–European Union gas dispute">decree changing the payment schemes</a> of natural gas contracts and Gazprom's halting of natural gas deliveries to <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> on 27 April.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters3MayNewDecree-409">[407]</a> In July 2023 Russia made a decree that companies from the "<a href="/wiki/Unfriendly_Countries_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Unfriendly Countries List">Unfriendly Countries List</a>" leaving Russia must sell their assets to Russian buyers at a 50% discount and in addition, must pay a 10% tax levy of at least 10% of the transaction price. The decree also bans including buyback options.<a href="#cite_note-410">[408]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_2">2024</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: 2024">edit</a>]</div> On 25 June 2024, Russia announced ban on access to broadcasts from 81 European Union media outlets, including <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>, in response to the EU's ban on several Russian media outlets. In May 2024, the EU suspended the distribution of four media outlets it labeled "Kremlin-linked propaganda networks," targeting Voice of Europe, RIA news agency, and the <a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rossiyskaya_Gazeta" title="Rossiyskaya Gazeta">Rossiyskaya Gazeta</a> newspapers. In retaliation, the Russian Foreign Ministry published a list of 81 media outlets from 25 EU member states and Pan-European outlets that would be banned in Russia, accusing them of spreading inaccurate information about Russia's military actions in Ukraine. Affected outlets included Agence France-Presse, ORF, <a href="/wiki/Raidi%C3%B3_Teilif%C3%ADs_%C3%89ireann" class="mw-redirect" title="Raidió Teilifís Éireann">Raidió Teilifís Éireann</a>, Politico, and <a href="/wiki/EFE" title="EFE">EFE</a>, among others. The ministry stated that the EU's politically motivated actions against Russian media had led to this countermeasure and hinted at a possible review if the EU lifted its restrictions on Russian media. Italian media and officials condemned Russia's decision, calling it unjustified. Politico's Editor-in-Chief for Europe, Jamil Anderlini, also criticized the move, calling for the lifting of restrictions and the release of <a href="/wiki/Evan_Gershkovich" title="Evan Gershkovich">Evan Gershkovich</a>, who was set to stand trial in Russia on espionage charges.<a href="#cite_note-411">[409]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_System" title="Continental System">Continental System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ukraine" title="Economy of Ukraine">Economy of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specially_Designated_Nationals_and_Blocked_Persons_List" title="Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List">Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act" title="International Emergency Economic Powers Act">International Emergency Economic Powers Act</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_apartheid" title="International sanctions during apartheid">International sanctions during apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Venezuelan_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the Venezuelan crisis">International sanctions during the Venezuelan crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sponsors_of_War" title="International Sponsors of War">International Sponsors of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_that_applied_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of companies that applied sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">List of companies that applied sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnitsky_Act" title="Magnitsky Act">Magnitsky Act</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_financial_crisis_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)">Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_with_the_Enemy_Act_of_1917" title="Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917">Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yachts_impacted_by_international_sanctions_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Yachts impacted by international sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Yachts impacted by international sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Liubov_Nepop" title="Liubov Nepop">Liubov Nepop</a>, the Head of the Ukrainian Mission to the EU, and <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">president of Ukraine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> Through Malofeev, Hanick is close to the pro Russia former Greek defense minister <a href="/wiki/Panos_Kammenos" title="Panos Kammenos">Panos Kammenos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> gives carte blanche to Tsargrad TV which according to Malofeev is the Russian equivalent to Fox News.<a href="#cite_note-375">[374]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 21 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=COUNCIL+DECISION+2014%2F145%2FCFSP+of+17+March+2014+concerning+restrictive+measures+in+respect+of+actions+undermining+or+threatening+the+territorial+integrity%2C+sovereignty+and+independence+of+Ukraine&rft.pub=Official+Journal+of+the+European+Union&rft.date=2014-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ%3AL%3A2014%3A078%3A0016%3A0021%3AEN%3APDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/18/world/europe/us-imposes-new-sanctions-on-russian-officials.html?hp&_r=0">"U.S. and Europe Step Up Sanctions on Russian Officials"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 17 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141124180946/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/18/world/europe/us-imposes-new-sanctions-on-russian-officials.html?hp&_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2014. 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Retrieved 19 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+conflict%3A+Russia+rebuffs+new+Canadian+sanctions+as+%27awkward%27&rft.date=2015-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fukraine-conflict-russia-rebuffs-new-canadian-sanctions-as-awkward-1.2961308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CA150629-74"><a href="#cite_ref-CA150629_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150820173127/http://pm.gc.ca/eng/news/2015/06/29/expanded-sanctions-list">"Expanded Sanctions List"</a>. pm.gc.ca. 29 June 2015. 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Retrieved 8 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Russian+sponsor+of+FIFA+world+cup+sanctioned+as+tournament+ended&rft.date=2015-07-08&rft.aulast=Berthiaume&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Frussian-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-sanctioned-as-tournament-ended&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tyzhden.ua/News/146367">"Президент увів у дію санкції проти Росії: Підписавши указ, Порошенко затвердив рішення РНБО від 2 вересня"</a> [The President imposed sanctions against Russia: By signing the decree, Poroshenko approved the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of September 2]. <a href="/wiki/The_Ukrainian_Week" title="The Ukrainian Week">The Ukrainian Week</a> (Тиждень) (in Ukrainian). 16 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019034328/http://tyzhden.ua/News/146367">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ukrainian+Week+%28%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%29&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B2+%D1%83+%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8E+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97%3A+%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8+%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%2C+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2+%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%91%D0%9E+%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4+2+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8F&rft.date=2015-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftyzhden.ua%2FNews%2F146367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tyzhden.ua/News/146380">"З'явилися списки фізичних та юридичних осіб РФ, проти яких Україна ввела санкції: Зокрема, у списку фізичних осіб названі 388 прізвищ, у списку юридичних осіб вказані 105 компаній та інших організацій"</a> [Lists of individuals and legal entities of the Russian Federation against which Ukraine has imposed sanctions have appeared: In particular, 388 surnames are listed in the list of individuals, 105 companies and other organizations are listed in the list of legal entities]. The Ukrainian Week (Тиждень) (in Ukrainian). 16 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160626050219/http://tyzhden.ua/News/146380">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ukrainian+Week+%28%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%29&rft.atitle=%D0%97%27%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%82%D0%B0+%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B1+%D0%A0%D0%A4%2C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%3A+%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%2C+%D1%83+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83+%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B1+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96+388+%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%2C+%D1%83+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83+%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B1+%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96+105+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9+%D1%82%D0%B0+%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9&rft.date=2015-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftyzhden.ua%2FNews%2F146380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.president.gov.ua/storage/j-files-storage/00/10/80/2d4767fb72f7b288e15059d6867f9a3c_1442423766.pdf">"Додаток 1 до рішення Ради національної безпеки і оборони України від 2 вересня 2015 року: спеціальних економічних та інших обмежувальних заходів (санкцій)"</a> [Appendix 1 to decision for the sake of national security and defense of Ukraine from 2 September 2015: Special economic and other restrictive measures (Sanctions)] (PDF). Presidential decree (in Ukrainian). 2 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170824064802/http://www.president.gov.ua/storage/j-files-storage/00/10/80/2d4767fb72f7b288e15059d6867f9a3c_1442423766.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidential+decree&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA+1+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%96+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4+2+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8F+2015+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%3A+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%82%D0%B0+%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2+%28%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%29&rft.date=2015-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.gov.ua%2Fstorage%2Fj-files-storage%2F00%2F10%2F80%2F2d4767fb72f7b288e15059d6867f9a3c_1442423766.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.president.gov.ua/storage/j-files-storage/00/10/81/7ef7e65142ce86548d12bce5e87286ca_1442423796.pdf">"Додаток 2 до рішення Ради національної безпеки і оборони України від 2 вересня 2015 року: спеціальних економічних та інших обмежувальних заходів (санкцій)"</a> [Annex 2 to decision for the sake of national security and defense of Ukraine from 2 September 2015: Special economic and other restrictive measures (Sanctions)] (PDF). Presidential decree (in Ukrainian). 2 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713011206/http://www.president.gov.ua/storage/j-files-storage/00/10/81/7ef7e65142ce86548d12bce5e87286ca_1442423796.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidential+decree&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA+2+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%96+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4+2+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8F+2015+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%3A+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%82%D0%B0+%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2+%28%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%29&rft.date=2015-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.gov.ua%2Fstorage%2Fj-files-storage%2F00%2F10%2F81%2F7ef7e65142ce86548d12bce5e87286ca_1442423796.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters160412-80"><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters160412_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSytas2016" class="citation news cs1">Sytas, Andrius (12 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-lithuania-savchenko-idUSKCN0X927X">"Lithuania blacklists 46 for their role in Savchenko trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019194257/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-lithuania-savchenko-idUSKCN0X927X">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Lithuania+blacklists+46+for+their+role+in+Savchenko+trial&rft.date=2016-04-12&rft.aulast=Sytas&rft.aufirst=Andrius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-ukraine-crisis-lithuania-savchenko-idUSKCN0X927X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeSonne2016" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Carol E.; Sonne, Paul (30 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-punishes-russia-over-election-hacking-with-sanctions-1483039178">"U.S. Sanctions Russia Over Election Hacking; Moscow Threatens to Retaliate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161229194654/http://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-punishes-russia-over-election-hacking-with-sanctions-1483039178">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2016. 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Retrieved 30 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+Sanctions+2+Russians+Connected+to+%27Kremlin+Troll+Factory%27&rft.date=2019-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2019%2F09%2F30%2Fus-sanctions-2-russians-connected-to-kremlin-troll-factory-a67514&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wap.business-standard.com/article-amp/international/russia-ukraine-crisis-south-korea-to-support-sanctions-on-russia-122022400327_1.html">"Russia-Ukraine crisis: South Korea to support sanctions on Russia"</a>. Business Standard India. 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Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=EU+leaders+agree+more+Russia+sanctions%2C+but+save+some+for+later&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.aulast=Pop&rft.aufirst=Valentina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F8b99b33b-92b0-42f4-ac02-ecbc9fae4c4c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/now/kyiv-fighting-ongoing-no-word-072739163.html">"Germany Backs 'Targeted' Russian SWIFT Removal: Ukraine Update"</a>. Yahoo. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo_News" title="Yahoo News">Yahoo News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220226175647/https://www.yahoo.com/now/kyiv-fighting-ongoing-no-word-072739163.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo&rft.atitle=Germany+Backs+%27Targeted%27+Russian+SWIFT+Removal%3A+Ukraine+Update&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fnow%2Fkyiv-fighting-ongoing-no-word-072739163.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60517447">"Western allies will remove Russian banks from Swift"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225085334/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60517447">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Western+allies+will+remove+Russian+banks+from+Swift&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-europe-60517447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reutersinterviewmedvedev-145"><a href="#cite_ref-reutersinterviewmedvedev_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolubkovaBaczynska2014" class="citation news cs1">Golubkova, Katya; Baczynska, Gabriela (10 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-medvedev-sanctions-idUSKBN0JO0SR20141210">"Rouble fall, sanctions hurt Russia's economy: Medvedev"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150629225120/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/10/us-russia-medvedev-sanctions-idUSKBN0JO0SR20141210">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rouble+fall%2C+sanctions+hurt+Russia%27s+economy%3A+Medvedev&rft.date=2014-12-10&rft.aulast=Golubkova&rft.aufirst=Katya&rft.au=Baczynska%2C+Gabriela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-russia-medvedev-sanctions-idUSKBN0JO0SR20141210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlemingSolomonBorrelli2022" class="citation news cs1">Fleming, Sam; Solomon, Erika; Borrelli, Silvia Sciorilli (26 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/073a37d5-4daf-49ed-b5bc-a4682ef1aa88">"Italy move adds to EU momentum for cutting Russian banks from Swift"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303085616/https://www.ft.com/content/073a37d5-4daf-49ed-b5bc-a4682ef1aa88">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Italy+move+adds+to+EU+momentum+for+cutting+Russian+banks+from+Swift&rft.date=2022-02-26&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.au=Solomon%2C+Erika&rft.au=Borrelli%2C+Silvia+Sciorilli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F073a37d5-4daf-49ed-b5bc-a4682ef1aa88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/chinese-banks-limit-financing-russian-060155712.html">"Chinese banks limit financing for Russian purchases: Bloomberg"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 26 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228041421/https://news.yahoo.com/chinese-banks-limit-financing-russian-060155712.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agence+France-Presse&rft.atitle=Chinese+banks+limit+financing+for+Russian+purchases%3A+Bloomberg&rft.date=2022-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fchinese-banks-limit-financing-russian-060155712.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCumming-Bruce2022" class="citation web cs1">Cumming-Bruce, Nick (28 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww.nytimes.com/2022/02/28/world/europe/switzerland-russian-assets-freeze.html">"Switzerland says it will freeze Russian assets, setting aside a tradition of neutrality"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://ww.nytimes.com/2022/02/28/world/europe/switzerland-russian-assets-freeze.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Switzerland+says+it+will+freeze+Russian+assets%2C+setting+aside+a+tradition+of+neutrality.&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.aulast=Cumming-Bruce&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F02%2F28%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fswitzerland-russian-assets-freeze.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/wealth-hub-monaco-also-clamping-down-russian-assets-following-ukraine-invasion-2022-02-28/">"Monaco clamps down on Russian assets after Ukraine invasion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 28 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305043721/https://www.reuters.com/business/wealth-hub-monaco-also-clamping-down-russian-assets-following-ukraine-invasion-2022-02-28/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Monaco+clamps+down+on+Russian+assets+after+Ukraine+invasion&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fwealth-hub-monaco-also-clamping-down-russian-assets-following-ukraine-invasion-2022-02-28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.fr/20220301/french-finance-minister-we-will-bring-about-collapse-of-the-russian-economy/">"French finance minister: We will bring about collapse of the Russian economy"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Local_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Local France (page does not exist)">The Local France</a>. 1 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301154414/https://www.thelocal.fr/20220301/french-finance-minister-we-will-bring-about-collapse-of-the-russian-economy/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Local+France&rft.atitle=French+finance+minister%3A+We+will+bring+about+collapse+of+the+Russian+economy&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.fr%2F20220301%2Ffrench-finance-minister-we-will-bring-about-collapse-of-the-russian-economy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Ukraine-conflict/Singapore-to-impose-banking-trade-restrictions-on-Russia">"Singapore to impose banking, trade restrictions on Russia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nikkei_Asia" title="Nikkei Asia">Nikkei Asia</a>. 28 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228135344/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Ukraine-conflict/Singapore-to-impose-banking-trade-restrictions-on-Russia">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asia&rft.atitle=Singapore+to+impose+banking%2C+trade+restrictions+on+Russia&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FPolitics%2FUkraine-conflict%2FSingapore-to-impose-banking-trade-restrictions-on-Russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaipragas2022" class="citation news cs1">Jaipragas, Bhavan (28 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3168648/ukraine-invasion-singapore-impose-unilateral-sanctions-russia">"Singapore to slap unilateral sanctions on Russia in 'almost unprecedented' move"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228145838/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3168648/ukraine-invasion-singapore-impose-unilateral-sanctions-russia">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Singapore+to+slap+unilateral+sanctions+on+Russia+in+%27almost+unprecedented%27+move&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.aulast=Jaipragas&rft.aufirst=Bhavan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fweek-asia%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3168648%2Fukraine-invasion-singapore-impose-unilateral-sanctions-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKajimotoKomiya2022" class="citation news cs1">Kajimoto, Tetsushi; Komiya, Kantaro (28 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/japan-govt-cbank-executives-meet-ukraine-crisis-jolts-markets-2022-02-28/">"Japan joins sanctions on Russian central bank, says 'Japan is with Ukraine'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301013600/https://www.reuters.com/business/japan-govt-cbank-executives-meet-ukraine-crisis-jolts-markets-2022-02-28/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Japan+joins+sanctions+on+Russian+central+bank%2C+says+%27Japan+is+with+Ukraine%27&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.aulast=Kajimoto&rft.aufirst=Tetsushi&rft.au=Komiya%2C+Kantaro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fjapan-govt-cbank-executives-meet-ukraine-crisis-jolts-markets-2022-02-28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/28/business/russia-sanctions-central-bank-ruble.html">"The West's Plan to Isolate Putin: Undermine the Ruble"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 28 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302161145/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/28/business/russia-sanctions-central-bank-ruble.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+West%27s+Plan+to+Isolate+Putin%3A+Undermine+the+Ruble&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F02%2F28%2Fbusiness%2Frussia-sanctions-central-bank-ruble.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/morning-money/2022/02/28/the-west-declares-economic-war-on-russia-00012208">"The West declares economic war on Russia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. 28 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302124808/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/morning-money/2022/02/28/the-west-declares-economic-war-on-russia-00012208">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=The+West+declares+economic+war+on+Russia&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnewsletters%2Fmorning-money%2F2022%2F02%2F28%2Fthe-west-declares-economic-war-on-russia-00012208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-28/sanctions-on-russia-puts-focus-on-china-s-central-bank">"Sanctions on Russia Puts Focus on China's Central Bank"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Sanctions+on+Russia+Puts+Focus+on+China%27s+Central+Bank&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-02-28%2Fsanctions-on-russia-puts-focus-on-china-s-central-bank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/01/business/russia-economy-sanctions/index.html">"The West's $1 trillion bid to collapse Russia's economy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 1 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301190345/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/01/business/russia-economy-sanctions/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+West%27s+%241+trillion+bid+to+collapse+Russia%27s+economy&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2022%2F03%2F01%2Fbusiness%2Frussia-economy-sanctions%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kim, Hyun-cheol (1 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fnnews.com/news/202203011644322929">"정부, 러시아 주요 7개 은행 거래 중지...국고채 거래도 중단"</a> [Government suspends trading with 7 major Russian banks... also suspends KTB trading]. fnnews.com (in Korean). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302202233/https://www.fnnews.com/news/202203011644322929">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fnnews.com&rft.atitle=%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80%2C+%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84+%EC%A3%BC%EC%9A%94+7%EA%B0%9C+%EC%9D%80%ED%96%89+%EA%B1%B0%EB%9E%98+%EC%A4%91%EC%A7%80...%EA%B5%AD%EA%B3%A0%EC%B1%84+%EA%B1%B0%EB%9E%98%EB%8F%84+%EC%A4%91%EB%8B%A8&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Hyun-cheol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fnnews.com%2Fnews%2F202203011644322929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20220302_0001777337">"한·미 재무 당국, '우크라 침공' 대러 제재 협의…美 "韓정부 발표 환영""</a> [South Korea and US financial authorities discuss sanctions against Russia for 'invasion of Ukraine'... US "welcomes South Korean government announcement"]. newsis.com (in Korean). 2 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307104007/https://www.newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20220302_0001777337">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newsis.com&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%C2%B7%EB%AF%B8+%EC%9E%AC%EB%AC%B4+%EB%8B%B9%EA%B5%AD%2C+%27%EC%9A%B0%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC+%EC%B9%A8%EA%B3%B5%27+%EB%8C%80%EB%9F%AC+%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%AC+%ED%98%91%EC%9D%98%E2%80%A6%E7%BE%8E+%22%E9%9F%93%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80+%EB%B0%9C%ED%91%9C+%ED%99%98%EC%98%81%22&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsis.com%2Fview%2F%3Fid%3DNISX20220302_0001777337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_160-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/c2464320-27cf-4072-9ba6-f62834025e45">"Sanctions on Russia: asset managers are making a disorderly retreat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. 1 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303161411/https://www.ft.com/content/c2464320-27cf-4072-9ba6-f62834025e45">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Sanctions+on+Russia%3A+asset+managers+are+making+a+disorderly+retreat&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fc2464320-27cf-4072-9ba6-f62834025e45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220302-visa-mastercard-amex-block-russian-banks-after-sanctions">"Visa, Mastercard, Amex block Russian banks after sanctions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 2 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302202157/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220302-visa-mastercard-amex-block-russian-banks-after-sanctions">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Visa%2C+Mastercard%2C+Amex+block+Russian+banks+after+sanctions&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20220302-visa-mastercard-amex-block-russian-banks-after-sanctions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2022" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Robert (2 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/bfea0069-4143-4e4b-accb-9712ce95a282">"Credit Suisse asks investors to destroy oligarch loans documents"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302131452/https://www.ft.com/content/bfea0069-4143-4e4b-accb-9712ce95a282">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+asks+investors+to+destroy+oligarch+loans+documents&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fbfea0069-4143-4e4b-accb-9712ce95a282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2023/07/03/EU-weighs-concession-to-Russian-bank-to-safeguard-Black-Sea-grain-deal">"EU weighs concession to Russian bank over Black Sea grain deal"</a>. Alarabiya. 3 July 2023. 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Retrieved 6 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Executive+Order+14065+of+February+21%2C+2022+%26mdash%3B+Blocking+Property+of+Certain+Persons+and+Prohibiting+Certain+Transactions+With+Respect+to+Continued+Russian+Efforts+To+Undermine+the+Sovereignty+and+Territorial+Integrity+of+Ukraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalregister.gov%2Fdocuments%2F2022%2F02%2F23%2F2022-04020%2Fblocking-property-of-certain-persons-and-prohibiting-certain-transactions-with-respect-to-continued&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/business/2022/02/25/america-has-targeted-russias-technological-fabric">"America has targeted Russia's technological fabric"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 25 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225184843/https://www.economist.com/business/2022/02/25/america-has-targeted-russias-technological-fabric">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=America+has+targeted+Russia%27s+technological+fabric&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fbusiness%2F2022%2F02%2F25%2Famerica-has-targeted-russias-technological-fabric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euobserver.com/world/154423">"'Massive' EU sanctions to target Putin's war chest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/EUobserver" title="EUobserver">EUobserver</a>. 24 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224092204/https://euobserver.com/world/154423">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUobserver&rft.atitle=%27Massive%27+EU+sanctions+to+target+Putin%27s+war+chest&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2Fworld%2F154423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/111476/russias-aggression-against-ukraine-press-statement-high-representativevice-president-josep_en">"Russia's aggression against Ukraine: Press Statement by High Representative/Vice-President Josep Borrell"</a>. eeas.europa.eu. <a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">European External Action Service</a>. 24 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224091345/https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/111476/russias-aggression-against-ukraine-press-statement-high-representativevice-president-josep_en">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eeas.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+aggression+against+Ukraine%3A+Press+Statement+by+High+Representative%2FVice-President+Josep+Borrell&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feeas.europa.eu%2Fheadquarters%2Fheadquarters-homepage%2F111476%2Frussias-aggression-against-ukraine-press-statement-high-representativevice-president-josep_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2022/02/17/european-parliament-president-calls-for-solid-and-swift-action-if-ukraine-crisis-escalates">"European Parliament president calls for "solid and swift" action if Ukraine crisis escalates"</a>. 17 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218000458/https://www.euronews.com/2022/02/17/european-parliament-president-calls-for-solid-and-swift-action-if-ukraine-crisis-escalates">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Parliament+president+calls+for+%22solid+and+swift%22+action+if+Ukraine+crisis+escalates&rft.date=2022-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2022%2F02%2F17%2Feuropean-parliament-president-calls-for-solid-and-swift-action-if-ukraine-crisis-escalates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/ewropej/115160/meps_will_hold_extraordinary_plenary_over_russian_invasion#.YhjC-y8zlQI">"MEPs will hold extraordinary plenary over Russian invasion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malta_Today" title="Malta Today">Malta Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224222045/https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/ewropej/115160/meps_will_hold_extraordinary_plenary_over_russian_invasion">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malta+Today&rft.atitle=MEPs+will+hold+extraordinary+plenary+over+Russian+invasion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maltatoday.com.mt%2Fnews%2Fewropej%2F115160%2Fmeps_will_hold_extraordinary_plenary_over_russian_invasion%23.YhjC-y8zlQI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChappell2022" class="citation news cs1">Chappell, Bill (4 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/05/04/1096596286/eu-europea-russia-oil-ban">"The EU just proposed a ban on oil from Russia, its main energy supplier"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=The+EU+just+proposed+a+ban+on+oil+from+Russia%2C+its+main+energy+supplier&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft.aulast=Chappell&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F05%2F04%2F1096596286%2Feu-europea-russia-oil-ban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2022" class="citation news cs1">Rosenberg, Steve (31 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61638860">"Russian oil: EU agrees compromise deal on banning imports"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Russian+oil%3A+EU+agrees+compromise+deal+on+banning+imports&rft.date=2022-05-31&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-61638860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/31/oil-prices-eu-russian-crude.html">"Oil prices jump after EU leaders agree to ban most Russian crude imports"</a>. 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BBC News. 25 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Heineken+sells+off+Russian+beer+business+for+%E2%82%AC1&rft.date=2023-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-66616161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/02/14/taxation-british-virgin-islands-costa-rica-marshall-islands-and-russia-added-to-eu-list-of-non-cooperative-jurisdictions-for-tax-purposes/">"Taxation: British Virgin Islands, Costa Rica, Marshall Islands and Russia added to EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes"</a>. 14 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taxation%3A+British+Virgin+Islands%2C+Costa+Rica%2C+Marshall+Islands+and+Russia+added+to+EU+list+of+non-cooperative+jurisdictions+for+tax+purposes&rft.date=2023-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.consilium.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fpress%2Fpress-releases%2F2023%2F02%2F14%2Ftaxation-british-virgin-islands-costa-rica-marshall-islands-and-russia-added-to-eu-list-of-non-cooperative-jurisdictions-for-tax-purposes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsada2019" class="citation book cs1">Asada, Masahiko, ed. (7 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429052989">Economic Sanctions in International Law and Practice</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780429052989">10.4324/9780429052989</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-05298-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-05298-9"><bdi>978-0-429-05298-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213724316">213724316</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211204182212/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780429052989/economic-sanctions-international-law-practice-masahiko-asada">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economic+Sanctions+in+International+Law+and+Practice&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213724316%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780429052989&rft.isbn=978-0-429-05298-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.4324%2F9780429052989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> Oxenstierna, Susanne & Olsson, Per. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281619387_The_economic_sanctions_against_Russia">"The economic sanctions against Russia"</a>. FOI Research-report series. Retrieved 8 July 2022. </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.ru/top-officials/1589319">"Владимир Путин: мы сильнее, потому что правы"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201004213342/https://tass.ru/top-officials/1589319">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%3A+%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.ru%2Ftop-officials%2F1589319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> Pettersen, Trude. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebarentsobserver.com/ru/node/414">"Russia loses $600 billion on sanctions and low oil prices."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111222338/https://thebarentsobserver.com/ru/node/414">Archived</a> 11 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Barents_Secretariat" title="Norwegian Barents Secretariat">The Barents Observer</a>. May 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> "When the sanctions regime appeared to cost almost nothing to EU trade volume... together with Ukrainian resistance, it forced Russia to change its approach towards Ukraine... So far, an approach comprised of EU unity and strong solidarity with Ukraine, as well as resistance and reforms implementation, has proved to be the most efficient way to stop Russian military advances." – Liubov Nepop, the Head of the Ukrainian Mission to the EU (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euractiv.com/sections/europes-east/it-time-europe-excuse-russias-aggression-317979">source</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001061202/http://www.euractiv.com/sections/europes-east/it-time-europe-excuse-russias-aggression-317979">Archived</a> 1 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> "... sanctions and heroism of our warriors are the key elements of deterring the Russian aggression" --the president of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/sankciyi-ta-geroyizm-nashih-voyiniv-ye-klyuchovimi-elementam-35906">source</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113123128/http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/sankciyi-ta-geroyizm-nashih-voyiniv-ye-klyuchovimi-elementam-35906">Archived</a> 13 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> ) </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.info/politics/1407656-obama-calls-on-nato-eu-to-boost-support-for-ukraine.html">"Obama calls on NATO, EU to boost support for Ukraine"</a>. Unian.info. 8 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160709143927/http://www.unian.info/politics/1407656-obama-calls-on-nato-eu-to-boost-support-for-ukraine.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unian.info&rft.atitle=Obama+calls+on+NATO%2C+EU+to+boost+support+for+Ukraine&rft.date=2016-07-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.info%2Fpolitics%2F1407656-obama-calls-on-nato-eu-to-boost-support-for-ukraine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-austria-idUSKCN0Z50V9">"Austrian foreign minister calls for improving relationship with Moscow"</a>. Reuters. 19 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170417134820/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-austria-idUSKCN0Z50V9">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Austrian+foreign+minister+calls+for+improving+relationship+with+Moscow&rft.date=2016-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-ukraine-crisis-austria-idUSKCN0Z50V9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/344131.html">"Sanctions to be lifted from Russia after implementation of Minsk Agreements – Nuland"</a>. Interfax-Ukraine. 18 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160519112927/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/344131.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interfax-Ukraine&rft.atitle=Sanctions+to+be+lifted+from+Russia+after+implementation+of+Minsk+Agreements+%E2%80%93+Nuland&rft.date=2016-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F344131.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/russian-gas-europe-1.6415652">"Missiles fly, but Ukraine's pipeline network keeps Russian gas flowing to Europe"</a>. CBC News. 12 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Missiles+fly%2C+but+Ukraine%27s+pipeline+network+keeps+Russian+gas+flowing+to+Europe&rft.date=2022-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Frussian-gas-europe-1.6415652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/commodities/russia-oil-gas-coal-fossil-fuel-exports-revenue-ukraine-war-2022-4">"Russia has made $66 billion from fuel exports since it invaded Ukraine - and the EU is still its biggest buyer, study finds"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Russian+entry+ban+on+politicians+shows+EU+sanctions+are+working%2C+says+Rifkind&rft.date=2015-05-31&rft.aulast=Khomami&rft.aufirst=Nadia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fmay%2F31%2Feu-hits-out-russian-ban-politicians-nick-clegg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aftonbladet-404"><a href="#cite_ref-aftonbladet_404-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGranlundEriksson2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Granlund, John; Eriksson, Niklas (29 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article20879938.ab">"Gunnar Hökmark: En rädd regim gör så här"</a> (in Swedish). <a href="/wiki/Aftonbladet" title="Aftonbladet">Aftonbladet</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150601225806/http://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article20879938.ab">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gunnar+H%C3%B6kmark%3A+En+r%C3%A4dd+regim+g%C3%B6r+s%C3%A5+h%C3%A4r&rft.pub=Aftonbladet&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft.aulast=Granlund&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Eriksson%2C+Niklas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftonbladet.se%2Fnyheter%2Farticle20879938.ab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-expressonrusanctions-405"><a href="#cite_ref-expressonrusanctions_405-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2015" class="citation news cs1">Fox, Emily (31 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/581172/EU-reacts-FURY-Russia-blacklist-MP-Putin-sanctions-working">"EU reacts with FURY over Russia's 'blacklist' as MP claims Putin sanctions ARE working"</a>. express.co.uk. United Kingdom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150601065056/http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/581172/EU-reacts-FURY-Russia-blacklist-MP-Putin-sanctions-working">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=express.co.uk&rft.atitle=EU+reacts+with+FURY+over+Russia%27s+%27blacklist%27+as+MP+claims+Putin+sanctions+ARE+working&rft.date=2015-05-31&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F581172%2FEU-reacts-FURY-Russia-blacklist-MP-Putin-sanctions-working&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-406"><a href="#cite_ref-406">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tass.ru/politika/3416012">Путин подписал указ о продлении контрсанкций</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216133839/http://tass.ru/politika/3416012">Archived</a> 16 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> TASS, 29 June 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPospiesznaSkrzypczyńskaStępień2020" class="citation journal cs1">Pospieszna, Paulina; Skrzypczyńska, Joanna; Stępień, Beata (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/hitting-two-birds-with-one-stone-how-russian-countersanctions-intertwined-political-and-economic-goals/BA266EB8A9A755C0C941B48CBDA3B4F5">"Hitting Two Birds with One Stone: How Russian Countersanctions Intertwined Political and Economic Goals"</a>. PS: Political Science & Politics. 53 (2): 243–247. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1049096519001781">10.1017/S1049096519001781</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1049-0965">1049-0965</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216194704">216194704</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604113025/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/hitting-two-birds-with-one-stone-how-russian-countersanctions-intertwined-political-and-economic-goals/BA266EB8A9A755C0C941B48CBDA3B4F5">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PS%3A+Political+Science+%26+Politics&rft.atitle=Hitting+Two+Birds+with+One+Stone%3A+How+Russian+Countersanctions+Intertwined+Political+and+Economic+Goals&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E243-%3C%2Fspan%3E247&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216194704%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1049-0965&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1049096519001781&rft.aulast=Pospieszna&rft.aufirst=Paulina&rft.au=Skrzypczy%C5%84ska%2C+Joanna&rft.au=St%C4%99pie%C5%84%2C+Beata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fps-political-science-and-politics%2Farticle%2Fhitting-two-birds-with-one-stone-how-russian-countersanctions-intertwined-political-and-economic-goals%2FBA266EB8A9A755C0C941B48CBDA3B4F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-408"><a href="#cite_ref-408">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErmakovRomashovaDmitrieva2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ermakov, A.R.; Romashova, I.B.; Dmitrieva, N. Yu. (2019). "Influence of sanctions on economy of Russia (due to Crimea's unification with Russia) and struggle for their cancellation". The State Councilor.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+State+Councilor&rft.atitle=Influence+of+sanctions+on+economy+of+Russia+%28due+to+Crimea%27s+unification+with+Russia%29+and+struggle+for+their+cancellation&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Ermakov&rft.aufirst=A.R.&rft.au=Romashova%2C+I.B.&rft.au=Dmitrieva%2C+N.+Yu.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters3MayNewDecree-409">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters3MayNewDecree_409-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters3MayNewDecree_409-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaulconbridge2022" class="citation web cs1">Faulconbridge, Guy (3 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/putin-signs-decree-new-retaliatory-sanctions-against-west-kremlin-2022-05-03/">"Putin puts West on notice: Moscow can terminate exports and deals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Retrieved 3 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Putin+puts+West+on+notice%3A+Moscow+can+terminate+exports+and+deals&rft.date=2022-05-03&rft.aulast=Faulconbridge&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fputin-signs-decree-new-retaliatory-sanctions-against-west-kremlin-2022-05-03%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-410"><a href="#cite_ref-410">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/07/14/russia-tightens-exit-rules-for-foreign-businesses-vedomosti-a81842#google_vignette">"Russia Tightens Exit Rules for Foreign Businesses – Vedomosti"</a>. 14 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+Tightens+Exit+Rules+for+Foreign+Businesses+%E2%80%93+Vedomosti&rft.date=2023-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2023%2F07%2F14%2Frussia-tightens-exit-rules-for-foreign-businesses-vedomosti-a81842%23google_vignette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-411"><a href="#cite_ref-411">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaulconbridgeOsborn2024" class="citation news cs1">Faulconbridge, Guy; Osborn, Andrew (25 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-bans-distribution-dozens-eu-news-outlets-retaliatory-step-2024-06-25/">"Russia bans distribution of dozens of EU news outlets in retaliatory step"</a>. Retrieved 26 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+bans+distribution+of+dozens+of+EU+news+outlets+in+retaliatory+step&rft.date=2024-06-25&rft.aulast=Faulconbridge&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft.au=Osborn%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-bans-distribution-dozens-eu-news-outlets-retaliatory-step-2024-06-25%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+sanctions+during+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Bond, Ian, Christian Odendahl and J. Rankin. "Frozen: The politics and economics of sanctions against Russia." Sentre for European Reform (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cer.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/attachments/pdf/2015/frozen_sanctions-10787.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Gilligan, Emma. "Smart Sanctions against Russia: Human Rights, Magnitsky and the Ukrainian Crisis." Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization 24.2 (2016): 257–277. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619863/summary">online</a></li> <li>Wang, Wan. "Impact of western sanctions on Russia in the Ukraine crisis." Journal of Politics & Law 8 (2015): 1+ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jpl/article/viewFile/45567/25287">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019033905/http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jpl/article/viewFile/45567/25287">Archived</a> 19 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions/restrictive-measures-against-russia-over-ukraine/">EU restrictive measures against Russia over Ukraine</a>. The <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.com/anti-russian-sanctions">Anti-Russian sanctions</a>. <a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a> (Russian state-owned news agency)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/ukraine-and-russia-sanctions/">Ukraine and Russia Sanctions</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ofac.treasury.gov/sanctions-programs-and-country-information/ukraine-russia-related-sanctions">Ukraine-/Russia-related Sanctions</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Foreign_Assets_Control" title="Office of Foreign Assets Control">Office of Foreign Assets Control</a> of the United States</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation141" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Template:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Template talk:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation141" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">International reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_units_in_the_2014_Crimean_crisis" title="List of military units in the 2014 Crimean crisis">List of military units</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_sanctioned_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people sanctioned during the Ukrainian crisis">List of sanctioned individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_that_applied_sanctions_during_the_Crimean_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of companies that applied sanctions during the Crimean crisis">List of companies that applied sanctions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 anti-war protests in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaction_of_Russian_intelligentsia_to_the_2014_annexation_of_Crimea" title="Reaction of Russian intelligentsia to the 2014 annexation of Crimea">Reaction of Russian intelligentsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_68/262" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262">UN General Assembly Resolution 68/262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Constitution of the Republic of Crimea">2014 Constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Federal_District" title="Crimean Federal District">Crimean Federal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Environmental impact of the Russian occupation of Crimea">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin">Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_%22For_the_Return_of_Crimea%22" title="Medal "For the Return of Crimea"">Medal "For the Return of Crimea"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Crimean_Parliament" title="Capture of the Crimean Parliament">Capture of the Crimean Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Southern_Naval_Base" title="Capture of Southern Naval Base">Capture of Southern Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Simferopol_incident" title="2014 Simferopol incident">2014 Simferopol incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">History of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire">1783 annexation by Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_People%27s_Republic" title="Crimean People's Republic">Crimean People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">1921–1945 Crimean ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">1944 deportation of the Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Oblast">1945–1991 Crimean Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_transfer_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 transfer of Crimea">1954 transfer of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Crimean_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="1991–1992 Crimean ASSR">1991–1992 Crimean ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(1992_to_1995)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Crimea (1992 to 1995)">Republic of Crimea (1992 to 1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_constitution_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 constitution of Crimea">1992 constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet_dispute" title="Black Sea Fleet dispute">Black Sea Fleet dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea (since 1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Crimea" title="President of Crimea">1994–1995 President of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Meshkov" title="Yuriy Meshkov">Yuriy Meshkov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">1994 Budapest Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_Treaty_on_the_Status_and_Conditions_of_the_Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet">1997 Partition Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Constitution_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Constitution of Crimea">1998 Constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_anti-NATO_protests_in_Feodosia" title="2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia">2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">2010 Kharkiv Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Ukraine#Bill_"On_the_principles_of_the_State_language_policy"" title="Language policy in Ukraine">2012 law on languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">2013–2014 Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_G7_summit" title="40th G7 summit">40th G7 summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol_International_Airport" title="Simferopol International Airport">Simferopol Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" title="Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea">Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_International_Airport" title="Sevastopol International Airport">Belbek Airport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bridge" title="Crimean Bridge">Crimean Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donuzlav" title="Donuzlav">Donuzlav</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Ochakov" title="Russian cruiser Ochakov">Ochakov</a> scuttling</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perevalne" title="Perevalne">Perevalne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armiansk" title="Armiansk">Armiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzhankoi" title="Dzhankoi">Dzhankoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonhar" title="Chonhar">Chonhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Krym" title="Port Krym">Port Krym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strilkove" title="Strilkove">Strilkove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabat_Spit" title="Arabat Spit">Arabat Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novofedorivka" title="Novofedorivka">Novofedorivka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada_of_Crimea" title="Verkhovna Rada of Crimea">Supreme Council of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Crimea" title="Council of Ministers of Crimea">Council of Ministers of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_City_Council" title="Sevastopol City Council">Sevastopol City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Airborne Troops">Russian Airborne Troops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li></ul></li> <li>Crimean <a href="/wiki/Berkut_(special_police_force)" title="Berkut (special police force)">Berkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Unity" title="Russian Unity">Russian Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuban_Cossacks" title="Kuban Cossacks">Kuban Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Choice" title="Ukrainian Choice">Ukrainian Choice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Russia)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Shoigu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Shoigu">Sergey Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Vladislav Surkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Sergun" title="Igor Sergun">Igor Sergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Vitko" title="Aleksandr Vitko">Aleksandr Vitko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Belaventsev" title="Oleg Belaventsev">Oleg Belaventsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Minnikhanov" title="Rustam Minnikhanov">Rustam Minnikhanov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Crimea)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Sergey Aksyonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Poklonskaya" title="Natalia Poklonskaya">Natalia Poklonskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Temirgaliev" title="Rustam Temirgaliev">Rustam Temirgaliev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Berezovsky" title="Denis Berezovsky">Denis Berezovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Yeliseyev_(admiral)" title="Sergei Yeliseyev (admiral)">Sergei Yeliseyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Chaly" title="Aleksei Chaly">Aleksei Chaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Bezler" title="Igor Bezler">Igor Besler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">Yatsenyuk government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliamentary</a> parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Fatherland%22" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"">Batkivshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">UDAR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ground_Forces" title="Ukrainian Ground Forces">Ukrainian Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Navy" title="Ukrainian Navy">Ukrainian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Ukraine" title="National Guard of Ukraine">National Guard of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejlis_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_People" title="Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People">Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Ukraine)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Tenyukh" title="Ihor Tenyukh">Ihor Tenyukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Kutsyn" title="Mykhailo Kutsyn">Mykhailo Kutsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Hayduk" title="Serhiy Hayduk">Serhiy Hayduk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Crimea)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Dzhemilev" title="Mustafa Dzhemilev">Mustafa Dzhemilev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refat_Chubarov" title="Refat Chubarov">Refat Chubarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lmi_%C3%9Cmerov" title="İlmi Ümerov">İlmi Ümerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahtem_Chiygoz" title="Ahtem Chiygoz">Ahtem Chiygoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Kunitsyn" title="Serhiy Kunitsyn">Serhiy Kunitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuliy_Mamchur" title="Yuliy Mamchur">Yuliy Mamchur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russo-Ukrainian_War287" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Template:Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Template talk:Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russo-Ukrainian_War287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet_dispute" title="Black Sea Fleet dispute">Black Sea Fleet dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">Budapest Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Munich_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin">2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Russian imperialism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Main events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">2014 Odesa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_units_which_invaded_the_territory_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Russian units which invaded the territory of Ukraine">List of Russian units which invaded the territory of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait_incident" title="Kerch Strait incident">Kerch Strait incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagnergate" title="Wagnergate">Wagnergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">2022 Russian annexation referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_Oblast_incursions" title="2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions">2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam">destruction of the Kakhovka Dam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact and reactions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">sanctioned people and organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute" title="2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute">2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Military aid to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine" title="OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine">OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Support_for_the_Sovereignty,_Integrity,_Democracy,_and_Economic_Stability_of_Ukraine_Act_of_2014" title="Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014">Act of 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2019)">ICJ case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">ORDLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorist_Operation_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-terrorist Operation Zone">ATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas" title="International reactions to the war in Donbas">International reactions to the war in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of journalists killed during the Russo-Ukrainian War">journalists killed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Black_Sea_incident" title="2021 Black Sea incident">2021 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis" title="2021–2023 global supply chain crisis">2021–2023 global supply chain crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Eurointegration of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_imagery_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Soviet imagery during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Soviet imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Lend-Lease (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_expulsions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Diplomatic expulsions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_spies_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian spies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICC_arrest_warrants_for_Vladimir_Putin_and_Maria_Lvova-Belova" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova">ICC arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="LGBT people in the Russo-Ukrainian War">LGBT people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil oil transit dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_energy_crisis" title="Ukrainian energy crisis">Ukrainian energy crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_cyberwarfare" title="Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ukraine_power_grid_hack" title="2015 Ukraine power grid hack">2015 Ukraine power grid hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Kyiv_cyberattack" title="2016 Kyiv cyberattack">2016 Kyiv cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkov_leaks" title="Surkov leaks">2016 Surkov leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ukraine_ransomware_attacks" title="2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks">2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks" title="2022 Ukraine cyberattacks">2022 Ukraine cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_Army_of_Ukraine" title="IT Army of Ukraine">IT Army of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Anonymous and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 activities of Anonymous against Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_cyberattacks_against_Russia" title="2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia">2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Social media in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Media portrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation in the 2022 invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Russia">Propaganda in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russo-Ukrainian_War_films" title="List of Russo-Ukrainian War films">Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="Russian language in Ukraine">Russian language in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Vladimir_Lenin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine">Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 anti-war protests in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_control_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Territorial control during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Control of cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War">Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_electronic_warfare" title="Ukraine and electronic warfare">Ukraine and electronic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_conscription_crisis" title="Ukrainian conscription crisis">Ukrainian conscription crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Child abductions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Forced transfer of Ukrainian children to Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Category:Russo-Ukrainian War">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_in_Donbas_(2014–2022)268" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_in_Donbas" title="Template:War in Donbas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_in_Donbas" title="Template talk:War in Donbas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_in_Donbas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War in Donbas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_in_Donbas_(2014–2022)268" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas (2014–2022)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li>Followed by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas">Humanitarian situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas" title="International reactions to the war in Donbas">International reactions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Sanctioned people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine" title="OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine">OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Contact_Group_on_Ukraine" title="Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine">Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_volunteer_movement_helping_Ukrainian_forces_in_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Civil volunteer movement helping Ukrainian forces in the war in Donbas">Civil volunteer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorist_Operation_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-terrorist Operation Zone">Anti-terrorist Operation Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil%E2%80%93military_administrations_(Ukraine)" title="Civil–military administrations (Ukraine)">Civil–military administrations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2014)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2015)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2016)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2017)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2018)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2019)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2020)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2021)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artemivsk" title="Battle of Artemivsk">Battle of Artemivsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sloviansk" title="Siege of Sloviansk">Siege of Sloviansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kramatorsk" title="Battle of Kramatorsk">Battle of Kramatorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mariupol_(2014)" title="Battle of Mariupol (2014)">Battle of Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2014)" title="Battles of Sievierodonetsk (2014)">Battles of Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karlivka" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Karlivka">Battle of Karlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="First Battle of Donetsk Airport">1st Battle of Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Luhansk_border_base" title="Siege of the Luhansk border base">Siege of the Luhansk border base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnyi_Lyman" title="Battle of Krasnyi Lyman">Battle of Krasnyi Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelenopillia_rocket_attack" title="Zelenopillia rocket attack">Zelenopillia rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_in_Shakhtarsk_Raion" title="Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion">Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horlivka" title="Battle of Horlivka">Battle of Horlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilovaisk" title="Battle of Ilovaisk">Battle of Ilovaisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosvitlivka_refugee_convoy_attack" title="Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack">Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novoazovsk" title="Battle of Novoazovsk">Battle of Novoazovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_on_Mariupol_(September_2014)" title="Offensive on Mariupol (September 2014)">Mariupol offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="Second Battle of Donetsk Airport">2nd Battle of Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debaltseve" title="Battle of Debaltseve">Battle of Debaltseve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyrokyne_standoff" title="Shyrokyne standoff">Shyrokyne standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2015)" title="Battle of Marinka (2015)">Battle of Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Svitlodarsk" title="Battle of Svitlodarsk">Battle of Svitlodarsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2017)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2017)">Battle of Avdiivka (2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_status_referendums" title="2014 Donbas status referendums">Donbas status referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_Air_Force_Il-76_shootdown" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown">Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelling_of_Donetsk,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelling of Donetsk, Russia">Shelling of Donetsk, Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_cross-border_shelling_of_Ukraine" title="2014 Russian cross-border shelling of Ukraine">2014 Russian cross-border shelling of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">MH17 shoot-down</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17_shootdown" title="International reactions to the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 shootdown">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2166" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2166">UNSC Resolution 2166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Wales_summit" title="2014 Wales summit">NATO summit in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements#Minsk_Protocol" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_general_elections" title="2014 Donbas general elections">Donbas general elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_G20_Brisbane_summit" title="2014 G20 Brisbane summit">2014 G20 Brisbane summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_bus_attack" title="Volnovakha bus attack">Volnovakha bus attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_Mariupol_rocket_attack" title="January 2015 Mariupol rocket attack">Mariupol rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Kramatorsk_rocket_attack" title="February 2015 Kramatorsk rocket attack">Kramatorsk rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements#Minsk_II" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk II ceasefire agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kharkiv_bombing" title="2015 Kharkiv bombing">Kharkiv bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zakharchenko#Death" title="Alexander Zakharchenko">Assassination of Alexander Zakharchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Donbas_general_elections" title="2018 Donbas general elections">Donbas general elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_to_capitulation!" title="No to capitulation!">No to capitulation!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Self-proclaimed states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a> (April 2014 – September 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk People's Republic</a> (April 2014 – September 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg/23px-War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg/35px-War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg/45px-War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Novorossiya_(confederation)" title="Novorossiya (confederation)">Novorossiya</a> (May 2014 – May 2015) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(Pro-) Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian separatist forces in Donbas">Separatist forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_used_by_Russian_separatist_forces_of_the_war_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of equipment used by Russian separatist forces of the war in Donbas">List of equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Donbas#Luhansk_People's_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian separatist forces in Donbas">Army of the South-East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Army" title="Russian Orthodox Army">Russian Orthodox Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatants_of_the_war_in_Donbas#Vostok_Battalion" title="Combatants of the war in Donbas">Vostok Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmius_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmius Brigade">Kalmius Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta_Battalion" title="Sparta Battalion">Sparta Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia_Battalion" title="Somalia Battalion">Somalia Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prizrak_Brigade" title="Prizrak Brigade">Prizrak Brigade</a></li></ul></li> <li>Political parties and movements <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Republic_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Donetsk Republic (political party)">Donetsk Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Russia_Party" title="New Russia Party">New Russia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic">Communist Party of DPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_to_Luhanshchina" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace to Luhanshchina">Peace to Luhanshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borotba" title="Borotba">Borotba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifascist_Committee_of_Ukraine" title="Antifascist Committee of Ukraine">Antifascist Committee of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Choice" title="Ukrainian Choice">Ukrainian Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_of_E._V._Limonov" title="The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov">The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Research_Agency" title="Internet Research Agency">Internet Research Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Russian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Vladislav Surkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Crimean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Sergey Aksyonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Poklonskaya" title="Natalia Poklonskaya">Natalia Poklonskaya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Donetsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Antyufeyev" title="Vladimir Antyufeyev">Vladimir Antyufeyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Basurin" title="Eduard Basurin">Eduard Basurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Berezin" title="Fyodor Berezin">Fyodor Berezin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Bezler" title="Igor Bezler">Igor Bezler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodai" title="Alexander Borodai">Alexander Borodai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Chumachenko" title="Mikhail Chumachenko">Mikhail Chumachenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Girkin" title="Igor Girkin">Igor Girkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Pavel Gubarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_Gubareva" title="Ekaterina Gubareva">Ekaterina Gubareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Khakimzyanov" title="Igor Khakimzyanov">Igor Khakimzyanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Khodakovsky" title="Alexander Khodakovsky">Alexander Khodakovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kononov_(Donetsk_People%27s_Republic)" title="Vladimir Kononov (Donetsk People's Republic)">Vladimir Kononov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Pavlov" title="Arsen Pavlov">Arsen Pavlov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Ponomarev_(public_figure)" title="Vyacheslav Ponomarev (public figure)">Vyacheslav Ponomarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Purgin" title="Andrei Purgin">Andrei Purgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tolstykh" title="Mikhail Tolstykh">Mikhail Tolstykh</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zakharchenko" title="Alexander Zakharchenko">Alexander Zakharchenko</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Zhurikov" title="Sergei Zhurikov">Sergei Zhurikov</a></li></ul></li> <li>Luhansk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bednov" title="Alexander Bednov">Alexander Bednov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Bolotov" title="Valery Bolotov">Valery Bolotov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Karyakin" title="Aleksey Karyakin">Aleksey Karyakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Kharitonov_(politician)" title="Aleksandr Kharitonov (politician)">Aleksandr Kharitonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Klinchaev" title="Arsen Klinchaev">Arsen Klinchaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kozlov_(politician)" title="Sergey Kozlov (politician)">Sergey Kozlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Mozgovoy" title="Aleksey Mozgovoy">Aleksey Mozgovoy</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Pasechnik" title="Leonid Pasechnik">Leonid Pasechnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Plotnitsky" title="Igor Plotnitsky">Igor Plotnitsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennadiy_Tsypkalov" title="Gennadiy Tsypkalov">Gennadiy Tsypkalov</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>Kharkiv <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Zhylin" title="Yevhen Zhylin">Yevhen Zhylin</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>Others <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelya_Shtepa" title="Nelya Shtepa">Nelya Shtepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Tsaryov" title="Oleg Tsaryov">Oleg Tsaryov</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Government of Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">1st Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yatsenyuk_Government" title="Second Yatsenyuk Government">2nd Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groysman_Government" title="Groysman Government">Groysman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Ukraine" title="National Guard of Ukraine">National Guard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azov_Brigade" title="Azov Brigade">Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas_Battalion" title="Donbas Battalion">Donbas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Tasks_Patrol_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Tasks Patrol Police">Patrol Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro-1_Regiment" title="Dnipro-1 Regiment">Dnipro-1</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ground_Forces" title="Ukrainian Ground Forces">Ukrainian Ground Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_territorial_defence_battalions" title="Ukrainian territorial defence battalions">Territorial defense battalions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aidar_Battalion" title="Aidar Battalion">Aidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="39th Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Dnipro-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="40th Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Kryvbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="42nd Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Rukh Oporu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Force" title="Ukrainian Air Force">Ukrainian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Assault_Forces" title="Ukrainian Air Assault Forces">Ukrainian Air Assault Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Group_(Ukraine)" title="Alpha Group (Ukraine)">Alpha Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan_Press" title="Euromaidan Press">Euromaidan Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Border_Guard_Service_of_Ukraine" title="State Border Guard Service of Ukraine">State Border Guard Service of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_volunteer_battalions" title="Ukrainian volunteer battalions">Volunteer battalions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Groysman" title="Volodymyr Groysman">Volodymyr Groysman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Lutsenko" title="Yuriy Lutsenko">Yuriy Lutsenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Heletey" title="Valeriy Heletey">Valeriy Heletey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Poltorak" title="Stepan Poltorak">Stepan Poltorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Koval" title="Mykhailo Koval">Mykhailo Koval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Kutsyn" title="Mykhailo Kutsyn">Mykhailo Kutsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Makhnitskyi" title="Oleh Makhnitskyi">Oleh Makhnitskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Muzhenko" title="Viktor Muzhenko">Viktor Muzhenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Yarema" title="Vitaly Yarema">Vitaly Yarema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Liashko" title="Oleh Liashko">Oleh Liashko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Yarosh" title="Dmytro Yarosh">Dmytro Yarosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinat_Akhmetov" title="Rinat Akhmetov">Rinat Akhmetov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Kolomoyskyi" title="Ihor Kolomoyskyi">Ihor Kolomoyskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Taruta" title="Serhiy Taruta">Serhiy Taruta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Baluta" title="Ihor Baluta">Ihor Baluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semen_Semenchenko" title="Semen Semenchenko">Semen Semenchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Moskal" title="Hennadiy Moskal">Hennadiy Moskal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadiya_Savchenko" title="Nadiya Savchenko">Nadiya Savchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tuka" title="George Tuka">George Tuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlo_Zhebrivskyi" title="Pavlo Zhebrivskyi">Pavlo Zhebrivskyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine196" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine196" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview4778" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(24_February_%E2%80%93_7_April_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February – 7 April 2022)">Feb – Apr 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(8_April_%E2%80%93_28_August_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8 April – 28 August 2022)">Apr – Aug 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(29_August_%E2%80%93_11_November_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (29 August – 11 November 2022)">Aug – Nov 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(12_November_2022_%E2%80%93_7_June_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (12 November 2022 – 7 June 2023)">Nov 2022 – Jun 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(8_June_2023_%E2%80%93_31_August_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8 June 2023 – 31 August 2023)">Jun – Aug 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_September_%E2%80%93_30_November_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 September – 30 November 2023)">Sep – Nov 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_December_2023_%E2%80%93_31_March_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 December 2023 – 31 March 2024)">Dec 2023 – Mar 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_April_%E2%80%93_31_July_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 April – 31 July 2024)">Apr – Jul 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_August_%E2%80%93_31_December_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 August – 31 December 2024)">Aug – Dec 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_January_2025_%E2%80%93_present)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 January 2025 – present)">Jan 2025 – present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Aerial warfare in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Aerial warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_defense_lines_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian defense lines during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Defense lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Foreign fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine" title="Russian information war against Ukraine">Information war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Naval warfare in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Naval warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Legality of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Russo-Ukrainian War detailed map">Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_order_of_battle" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine order of battle">Order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Peace negotiations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Peace_Formula" title="Ukraine's Peace Formula">Ukraine's Peace Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis" title="China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis">China peace proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_Ukraine_peace_summit" title="June 2024 Ukraine peace summit">June 2024 peace summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_no-fly_zone_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Proposed no-fly zone in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Proposed no-fly zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_lines_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Red lines in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Red lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_from_Russia_after_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Reparations from Russia after the Russo-Ukrainian War">Reparations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_control_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Territorial control during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Territorial control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">Reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction">Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">2021 Russia–United States summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Black_Sea_incident" title="2021 Black Sea incident">2021 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis" title="Belarus–European Union border crisis">Belarus–European Union border crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians" title="On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians">On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_Platform" title="Crimea Platform">Crimea Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapad_2021" title="Zapad 2021">Zapad 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2021_Russian_ultimatum_to_NATO" title="December 2021 Russian ultimatum to NATO">December 2021 ultimatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks" title="2022 Ukraine cyberattacks">2022 Ukraine cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zametil_2022" title="Zametil 2022">Zametil 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Resolve_2022" title="Union Resolve 2022">Union Resolve 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_trilateral_pact" title="British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact">British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_evacuation_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="2022 evacuation of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">Evacuation of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_mobilization_in_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="2022 mobilization in the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">Mobilization in Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Address_concerning_the_events_in_Ukraine" title="Address concerning the events in Ukraine">Address concerning the events in Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation" title="On conducting a special military operation">On conducting a special military operation</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022 timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas">humanitarian situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">international recognition of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novorossiya" title="Novorossiya">Novorossiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Russian imperialism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Belarus–Ukraine relations">Belarus–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Belarus–Russia relations">Belarus–Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Russia–United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ukraine–United States relations">Ukraine–United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Ukraine–NATO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Enlargement of NATO">enlargement of NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversy_in_Russia_regarding_the_legitimacy_of_eastward_NATO_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Controversy in Russia regarding the legitimacy of eastward NATO expansion">eastward expansion controversy in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy" title="NATO open door policy">open door policy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Military_engagements7666" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of military engagements during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Military engagements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Ukraine campaign">Southern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign" title="Snake Island campaign">Snake Island campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol" title="Siege of Mariupol">Siege of Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kherson" title="Battle of Kherson">Battle of Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Melitopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Melitopol">Battle of Melitopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mykolaiv" title="Battle of Mykolaiv">Battle of Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Enerhodar" title="Battle of Enerhodar">Battle of Enerhodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Voznesensk" title="Battle of Voznesensk">Battle of Voznesensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Huliaipole" title="Battle of Huliaipole">Battle of Huliaipole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Davydiv_Brid" title="Battle of Davydiv Brid">Battle of Davydiv Brid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kherson_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kherson counteroffensive">Kherson counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Kherson" title="Liberation of Kherson">Liberation of Kherson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnieper_campaign_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Dnieper campaign (2022–present)">Dnieper campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam">Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Ukraine campaign">Eastern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Volnovakha" title="Battle of Volnovakha">Battle of Volnovakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kharkiv (2022)">Battle of Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Izium" title="Battle of Izium">Battle of Izium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rubizhne" title="Battle of Rubizhne">Battle of Rubizhne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Popasna" title="Battle of Popasna">Battle of Popasna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Battle of Marinka (2022–2023)">Battle of Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donbas_(2022)" title="Battle of Donbas (2022)">Battle of Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Siverskyi_Donets" title="Battle of the Siverskyi Donets">Battle of the Siverskyi Donets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2022)" title="Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)">Battle of Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lysychansk" title="Battle of Lysychansk">Battle of Lysychansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pisky" title="Battle of Pisky">Battle of Pisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut" title="Battle of Bakhmut">Battle of Bakhmut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soledar" title="Battle of Soledar">Battle of Soledar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vuhledar" title="Battle of Vuhledar">Battle of Vuhledar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kharkiv_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive">Kharkiv counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyman_(September%E2%80%93October_2022)" title="Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)">Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast_campaign" title="Luhansk Oblast campaign">Luhansk Oblast campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2023–2024)">Battle of Avdiivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chasiv_Yar" title="Battle of Chasiv Yar">Battle of Chasiv Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnohorivka" title="Battle of Krasnohorivka">Battle of Krasnohorivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ocheretyne" title="Battle of Ocheretyne">Battle of Ocheretyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toretsk" title="Battle of Toretsk">Battle of Toretsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokrovsk_offensive" title="Pokrovsk offensive">Pokrovsk offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kurakhove" title="Battle of Kurakhove">Battle of Kurakhove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ukraine campaign">Northern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antonov_Airport" title="Battle of Antonov Airport">Battle of Antonov Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Chernobyl" title="Capture of Chernobyl">Capture of Chernobyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kyiv (2022)">Battle of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hostomel" title="Battle of Hostomel">Battle of Hostomel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vasylkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Vasylkiv">Battle of Vasylkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bucha" title="Battle of Bucha">Battle of Bucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Irpin" title="Battle of Irpin">Battle of Irpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makariv" title="Battle of Makariv">Battle of Makariv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Kyiv_convoy" title="Russian Kyiv convoy">Russian Kyiv convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moshchun" title="Battle of Moshchun">Battle of Moshchun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kozarovytska_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction of the Kozarovytska Dam">Destruction of the Kozarovytska Dam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brovary" title="Battle of Brovary">Battle of Brovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slavutych" title="Battle of Slavutych">Battle of Slavutych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sumy" title="Battle of Sumy">Battle of Sumy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chernihiv" title="Siege of Chernihiv">Siege of Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lebedyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Lebedyn">Battle of Lebedyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_border_skirmishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern Ukraine–Russia border skirmishes">Northeastern border skirmishes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_raid" title="2023 Bryansk Oblast raid">Bryansk Oblast raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_drone_attack" title="Kremlin drone attack">Kremlin drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_May_2023_Moscow_drone_strikes" title="30 May 2023 Moscow drone strikes">Moscow drone strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_Oblast_incursions" title="2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions">2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_December_2023_Belgorod_shelling" title="30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling">30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike" title="February 2024 Belgorod missile strike">February 2024 Belgorod missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2024 Belgorod missile strike">May 2024 Belgorod missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2024_western_Russia_incursion" title="March 2024 western Russia incursion">March 2024 western Russia incursion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kursk_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kursk offensive">2024 Kursk offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_occupation_of_Kursk_Oblast" title="Ukrainian occupation of Kursk Oblast">occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Olgovskiy_Forest" title="Battles for Olgovskiy Forest">Battles for Olgovskiy Forest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toropets_depot_explosions" title="Toropets depot explosions">Toropets depot explosions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airstrikes by city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Chernihiv strikes (2022–present)">Chernihiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Dnipro strikes (2022–present)">Dnipro strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Ivano-Frankivsk strikes (2022–present)">Ivano-Frankivsk strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kharkiv strikes (2022–present)">Kharkiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kherson strikes (2022–present)">Kherson strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Khmelnytskyi strikes (2022–present)">Khmelnytskyi strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryvyi_Rih_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kryvyi Rih strikes (2022–present)">Kryvyi Rih strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kyiv strikes (2022–present)">Kyiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Lviv strikes (2022–present)">Lviv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Mykolaiv strikes (2022–present)">Mykolaiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Odesa strikes (2022–present)">Odesa strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivne_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rivne strikes (2022–present)">Rivne strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Vinnytsia strikes (2022–present)">Vinnytsia strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Zaporizhzhia strikes (2022–present)">Zaporizhzhia strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Zhytomyr attacks (2022–present)">Zhytomyr strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airstrikes on military targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuhuiv_air_base_attack" title="Chuhuiv air base attack">Chuhuiv air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millerovo_air_base_attack" title="Millerovo air base attack">Millerovo air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Saky_air_base_attack" title="2022 Saky air base attack">Chornobaivka (Saky) attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_barracks_attack" title="7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack">7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavoriv_military_base_attack" title="Yavoriv military base attack">Yavoriv military base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_quarters_attack" title="18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack">18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Berdiansk_port_attack" title="2022 Berdiansk port attack">Berdiansk port attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Moskva" title="Sinking of the Moskva">Sinking of the Moskva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desna_barracks_airstrike" title="Desna barracks airstrike">Desna barracks airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_attack_on_Nova_Kakhovka" title="2022 attack on Nova Kakhovka">Attack on Nova Kakhovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Crimea attacks (2022–present)">Crimea attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Novofedorivka_explosions" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Novofedorivka explosions">Novofedorivka explosions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_drone_attack_on_the_Sevastopol_Naval_Base" title="2022 drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base">Drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_strike_on_the_Black_Sea_Fleet_headquarters" title="Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters">Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyagilevo_and_Engels_air_bases_attacks" title="Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks">Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka_military_quarters_shelling" title="Makiivka military quarters shelling">Makiivka military quarters shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machulishchy_air_base_attack" title="Machulishchy air base attack">Machulishchy air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarichne_barracks_airstrike" title="Zarichne barracks airstrike">Zarichne barracks airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_resistance_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian resistance during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_of_Ukraine" title="Popular Resistance of Ukraine">Popular Resistance of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berdiansk_Partisan_Army" title="Berdiansk Partisan Army">Berdiansk Partisan Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Ribbon_(movement)" title="Yellow Ribbon (movement)">Yellow Ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atesh" title="Atesh">Atesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_and_Russian_partisan_movement_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian and Russian partisan movement (2022–present)">Belarus and Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Vladlen_Tatarsky" title="Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky">Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Council_(Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine)" title="Civic Council (Armed Forces of Ukraine)">Civic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin_Declaration" title="Irpin Declaration">Irpin Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darya_Dugina#Killing" title="Darya Dugina">Killing of Darya Dugina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Army_(Russia)" title="National Republican Army (Russia)">National Republican Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_commissariats_attacks" title="Russian military commissariats attacks">Military commissariats arsons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ust-Ilimsk_military_commissariat_shooting" title="Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting">Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bridge_(Russia)" title="Black Bridge (Russia)">Black Bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Russia (2022–present)">Rail war in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Wagons" title="Stop the Wagons">Stop the Wagons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Organization_of_Anarcho-Communists" title="Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists">Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Belarus_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Belarus (2022–present)">Rail war in Belarus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Busly_liacia%C4%87" title="Busly liaciać">Busly liaciać</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYPOL" title="BYPOL">BYPOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Railway_Workers_of_Belarus" title="Community of Railway Workers of Belarus">Community of Railway Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Partisans" title="Cyber Partisans">Cyber Partisans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_used_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ongoing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_annexation_referendums_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Annexation referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_elections_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2023 elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kherson_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast">Kherson Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Mykolaiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Mykolaiv Oblast">Mykolaiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporizhzhia Oblast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Previous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Chernihiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Chernihiv Oblast">Chernihiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kyiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kyiv Oblast">Kyiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign" title="Snake Island campaign">Odesa Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Sumy_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Sumy Oblast">Sumy Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zhytomyr_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zhytomyr Oblast">Zhytomyr Oblast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Potentially related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Black_Sea_drone_incident" title="2023 Black Sea drone incident">Black Sea drone incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_mystery_fires_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian mystery fires (2022–present)">Mystery fires in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Transnistria_attacks" title="2022 Transnistria attacks">Transnistria attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zagreb_Tu-141_crash" title="2022 Zagreb Tu-141 crash">Zagreb Tu-141 crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2022 Crimean Bridge explosion">2022 Crimean Bridge explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2023 Crimean Bridge explosion">2023 Crimean Bridge explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_attempts_on_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant_drone_strike" title="Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant drone strike">Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant drone strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#2022_Ukrainian_coup_d'etat_attempt" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Coup d'état attempt in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridges_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_drone" title="Dragon drone">Dragon drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Violations of non-combatant airspaces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_missile_explosion_in_Poland" title="2022 missile explosion in Poland">Missile explosion in Poland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Synytsia" title="Operation Synytsia">Operation Synytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_electronic_warfare" title="Ukraine and electronic warfare">Ukraine and electronic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia" title="Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia">Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive" title="2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive">2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_cyberattacks_against_Russia" title="2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia">2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="War_crimes4971" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War crimes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accusations_of_genocide_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Accusations of genocide in Donbas">Accusations of genocide in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_of_Ukrainians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian War">child abductions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_on_hospitals_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian strikes on hospitals during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Attacks on hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_cluster_munitions_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Use of cluster munitions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Cluster munitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_incendiary_weapons_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Use of incendiary weapons in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Incendiary weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmines_in_Ukraine" title="Landmines in Ukraine">Landmines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_filtration_camps_for_Ukrainians" title="Russian filtration camps for Ukrainians">Russian filtration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_usage_of_mobile_crematoriums_in_Ukraine" title="Russian usage of mobile crematoriums in Ukraine">Russian mobile crematoriums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_theft_of_Ukrainian_grain" title="2022 Russian theft of Ukrainian grain">Russian theft of Ukrainian grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_torture_chambers_in_Ukraine" title="Russian torture chambers in Ukraine">Russian torture chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looting_by_Russian_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Looting by Russian forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Sexual violence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatment of prisoners of war in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Mistreatment of prisoners of war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_civilians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Attacks on civilians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_government_building_airstrike" title="Kharkiv government building airstrike">Kharkiv government building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_March_2022_Chernihiv_bombing" title="3 March 2022 Chernihiv bombing">3 March Chernihiv bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin_refugee_column_shelling" title="Irpin refugee column shelling">Irpin refugee column shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_hospital_airstrike" title="Mariupol hospital airstrike">Mariupol hospital airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stara_Krasnianka_care_house_attack" title="Stara Krasnianka care house attack">Stara Krasnianka care house attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_cluster_bombing" title="Mykolaiv cluster bombing">Mykolaiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Donetsk_attack" title="March 2022 Donetsk attack">March 2022 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Borodianka" title="Bombing of Borodianka">2022 Borodianka airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_March_2022_Chernihiv_breadline_attack" title="16 March 2022 Chernihiv breadline attack">Chernihiv breadline attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_theatre_airstrike" title="Mariupol theatre airstrike">Mariupol theatre airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_shopping_centre_bombing" title="Kyiv shopping centre bombing">Kyiv shopping centre bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumykhimprom_ammonia_leak" title="Sumykhimprom ammonia leak">Sumykhimprom ammonia leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_government_building_missile_strike" title="Mykolaiv government building missile strike">Mykolaiv government building missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucha_massacre" title="Bucha massacre">Bucha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk_railway_station_attack" title="Kramatorsk railway station attack">Kramatorsk railway station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilohorivka_school_bombing" title="Bilohorivka school bombing">Bilohorivka school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Andrii_Bohomaz" title="Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz">Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisky_Market_attack" title="Maisky Market attack">Maisky Market attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremenchuk_shopping_mall_attack" title="Kremenchuk shopping mall attack">Kremenchuk shopping mall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiivka_missile_strike" title="Serhiivka missile strike">Serhiivka missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasiv_Yar_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasiv Yar missile strike">Chasiv Yar missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olenivka_prison_massacre" title="Olenivka prison massacre">Olenivka prison massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_dormitories_missile_strike" title="Kharkiv dormitories missile strike">Kharkiv dormitories missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplyne_railway_station_attack" title="Chaplyne railway station attack">Chaplyne railway station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izium_mass_graves" title="Izium mass graves">Izium mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Donetsk_attack" title="September 2022 Donetsk attack">September 2022 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_civilian_convoy_attack" title="Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack">Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupiansk_civilian_convoy_shelling" title="Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling">Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zaporizhzhia_residential_building_airstrike" title="2022 Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike">Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure (2022–present)">Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dnipro_residential_building_airstrike" title="2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike">2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2023_Sloviansk_airstrike" title="April 2023 Sloviansk airstrike">Sloviansk airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Uman_missile_strike" title="2023 Uman missile strike">Uman missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kramatorsk_restaurant_missile_strike" title="2023 Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike">Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_cluster_bombing" title="Lyman cluster bombing">Lyman cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Pokrovsk_missile_strike" title="2023 Pokrovsk missile strike">2023 Pokrovsk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2023_Chernihiv_missile_strike" title="August 2023 Chernihiv missile strike">Chernihiv missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2023_Kostiantynivka_missile_strike" title="September 2023 Kostiantynivka missile strike">Kostiantynivka missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hroza_missile_attack" title="Hroza missile attack">Hroza missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_massacre" title="Volnovakha massacre">Volnovakha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_December_2023_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="29 December 2023 Russian strikes on Ukraine">December 2023 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Pokrovsk_missile_strike" title="2024 Pokrovsk missile strike">2024 Pokrovsk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Donetsk_attack" title="2024 Donetsk attack">2024 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Lysychansk_missile_strike" title="2024 Lysychansk missile strike">Lysychansk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2024_Odesa_strike" title="6 March 2024 Odesa strike">6 March 2024 Odesa strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_March_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="22 March 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">March 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_May_2024_Kharkiv_missile_strikes" title="25 May 2024 Kharkiv missile strikes">May 2024 Kharkiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_children%27s_hospital_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv children's hospital airstrike">8 July 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kostiantynivka_supermarket_missile_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack">2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_August_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="26 August 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">26 August 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Poltava_strike" title="September 2024 Poltava strike">September 2024 Poltava strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_November_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="17 November 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">November 2024 strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crimes against soldiers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torture_of_Russian_soldiers_in_Mala_Rohan" title="Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan">Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_and_castration_of_a_Ukrainian_POW_in_Pryvillia" title="Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia">Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_soldiers_by_Kadyrovites" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites">Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Yevgeny_Nuzhin" title="Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin">Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka_surrender_incident" title="Makiivka surrender incident">Makiivka surrender incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Oleksandr_Matsievskyi" title="Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi">Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_prisoner_of_war_beheading" title="2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading">2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">ICC investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures">Arrest warrants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)">ICJ court case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_on_Accountability_for_Crimes_Committed_in_Ukraine" title="Task Force on Accountability for Crimes Committed in Ukraine">Task Force on Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_jurisdiction_investigations_of_war_crimes_in_Ukraine" title="Universal jurisdiction investigations of war crimes in Ukraine">Universal jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_international_tribunal_for_the_crime_of_aggression_(Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine)" title="Special international tribunal for the crime of aggression (Russian invasion of Ukraine)">Crime of aggression</a></li> <li>Criminal proceedings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Vadim_Shishimarin" title="Trial of Vadim Shishimarin">Vadim Shishimarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Alexander_Bobikin_and_Alexander_Ivanov" title="Trial of Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov">Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Anton_Cherednik" title="Trial of Anton Cherednik">Anton Cherednik</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reactions16647" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Reactions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_and_intergovernmental_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">States and official entities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">people and organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_transit_to_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast">restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Military aid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Assistance_Mission_in_support_of_Ukraine" title="European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine">European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bayraktar" title="People's Bayraktar">People's Bayraktar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signmyrocket.com" title="Signmyrocket.com">Signmyrocket.com</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of humanitarian aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yachts_impacted_by_international_sanctions_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Yachts impacted by international sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sanctioned yachts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Relations with Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Application to NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_Brave_Like_Ukraine" title="Be Brave Like Ukraine">Be Brave Like Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave1" title="Brave1">Brave1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bring_Kids_Back_UA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bring Kids Back UA (page does not exist)">Bring Kids Back UA</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring_Kids_Back_UA" class="extiw" title="uk:Bring Kids Back UA">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine_%22On_the_Protection_of_the_Constitutional_Order_in_the_Field_of_Activities_of_Religious_Organizations%22" title="Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of the Constitutional Order in the Field of Activities of Religious Organizations""> Ban on Russia-associated religious groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordination_Headquarters_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners_of_War" title="Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War">Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Condemnation_and_Prohibition_of_Propaganda_of_Russian_Imperial_Policy_in_Ukraine_and_the_Decolonization_of_Toponymy" title="On the Condemnation and Prohibition of Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and the Decolonization of Toponymy">Decolonization and derussification law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(situational_awareness_system)" title="Delta (situational awareness system)">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyed_Russian_military_equipment_exhibition" title="Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition">Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Courage_and_Bravery_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)">For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_From_Ukraine_program" title="Grain From Ukraine program">Grain From Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_Supreme_Commander-in-Chief" title="Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief">Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_City_of_Ukraine" title="Hero City of Ukraine">Hero City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live_(hotline)" title="I Want to Live (hotline)">I Want to Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Legion_(Ukraine)" title="International Legion (Ukraine)">International Legion</a> and other foreign units <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Belarusian Volunteer Corps">Belarusian Volunteer Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terror_Battalion" title="Terror Battalion">Terror Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Maple_Company" title="Black Maple Company">Black Maple Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian-Ukrainian_Brigade" title="Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade">Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Russia_Legion" title="Freedom of Russia Legion">Freedom of Russia Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Volunteer_Corps" title="German Volunteer Corps">German Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_National_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian National Battalion">Karelian National Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastu%C5%9B_Kalino%C5%ADski_Regiment" title="Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment">Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Brigade" title="Norman Brigade">Norman Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahonia_Regiment" title="Pahonia Regiment">Pahonia Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Volunteer_Corps" title="Polish Volunteer Corps">Polish Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Battlegroup_Getica" title="Romanian Battlegroup Getica">Romanian Battlegroup Getica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Russian Volunteer Corps">Russian Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_Special_Purpose_Battalion" title="Separate Special Purpose Battalion">Separate Special Purpose Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibir_Battalion" title="Sibir Battalion">Sibir Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan_Battalion" title="Turan Battalion">Turan Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sponsors_of_War" title="International Sponsors of War">International Sponsors of War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_on_forced_confiscation_of_Russian_property_in_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law on forced confiscation of Russian property in Ukraine (page does not exist)">Forced confiscation law of Russian property</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="extiw" title="ru:Украинский закон о принудительном изъятии имущества резидентов РФ">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="extiw" title="uk:Український закон про примусове вилучення майна резидентів РФ">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_for_Your_Own" title="Look for Your Own">Look for Your Own</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Ukraine#2022_martial_law" title="Martial law in Ukraine">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilization_in_Ukraine#2022" title="Mobilization in Ukraine">Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Center_Ukraine" title="Media Center Ukraine">Media Center Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_for_the_Recovery_of_Ukraine_from_the_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War (page does not exist)">National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Національна рада з відновлення України від наслідків війни">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Multi-Subject_Test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Multi-Subject Test (page does not exist)">National Multi-Subject Test</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" class="extiw" title="uk:Національний мультипредметний тест">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="North Korea–Ukraine relations">North Korea–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Points_of_Invincibility" title="Points of Invincibility">Points of Invincibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_recognition_of_the_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Ukrainian recognition of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Recognition of Ichkeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescuer_City" title="Rescuer City">Rescuer City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Save_Ukrainian_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Save Ukrainian Culture (page does not exist)">Save Ukrainian Culture</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" class="extiw" title="uk:Збережіть українську культуру">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Syria–Ukraine relations">Syria–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Freedom_Orchestra" title="Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra">Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United24" title="United24">United24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_News_(telethon)" title="United News (telethon)">United News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>highways in the annexed territories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A290_highway_(Russia)" title="A290 highway (Russia)">A290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavrida_Highway" title="Tavrida Highway">A291 "Tavrida"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R260_highway_(Russia)" title="R260 highway (Russia)">R260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R280_highway_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="R280 highway (Russia)">R280 "Novorossiya"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_rally" title="2022 Moscow rally">2022 Moscow rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_rally" title="2023 Moscow rally">2023 Moscow rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Presidential_Address_to_the_Federal_Assembly" title="2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly">2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_blockade_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian blockade of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Blockade of Ukraine</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="ru:Российская блокада украинских портов">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion">Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Censorship in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Censorship in Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Цензура в России во время вторжения на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Chechnya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_volunteers_on_the_side_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen volunteers on the side of Ukraine">Pro-Ukrainian Chechen fighters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conmemorative_Medal_%22Participant_of_a_Special_Military_Operation%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation" (page does not exist)">Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation"</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%C2%AB%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Памятная медаль «Участнику специальной военной операции»">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversations_about_Important_Things" title="Conversations about Important Things">Conversations about Important Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasovsky_case" title="Krasovsky case">Krasovsky case</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legalization_of_parallel_imports_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legalization of parallel imports in Russia (page does not exist)">Legalization of parallel imports</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Легализация параллельного импорта в России">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_South_Russian_People%27s_Council" title="Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council">Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_martial_law" title="2022 Russian martial law">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masha_Moskalyova_case" title="Masha Moskalyova case">Masha Moskalyova case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Crimea" title="Metropolis of Crimea">Metropolis of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Simonov_case" title="Mikhail Simonov case">Mikhail Simonov case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_mobilization" title="2022 Russian mobilization">Mobilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_irregular_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian irregular forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Recruitment of irregular forces</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B,_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Нерегулярные вооружённые силы, участвующие во вторжении России на Украину">ru</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelganger_(disinformation_campaign)" title="Doppelganger (disinformation campaign)">Operation Doppelgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opinion_polling_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opinion polling in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Opinion polling</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Социологические опросы в России во время вторжения на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_Christmas_truce_proposal" title="2023 Russian Christmas truce proposal">Orthodox Christmas truce proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group%E2%80%93Ministry_of_Defense_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict">Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_of_the_Clergy_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_for_Reconciliation_and_an_End_to_War" title="Appeal of the Clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church for Reconciliation and an End to War">Russian Orthodox clergymen appeal against war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_Committee_for_Peace_and_Order" title="Salvation Committee for Peace and Order">Salvation Committee for Peace and Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Coordinating_Council_for_Security_Enhancement" title="Special Coordinating Council for Security Enhancement">Special Coordinating Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfriendly_countries_list" title="Unfriendly countries list">Unfriendly countries list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_2022_war_censorship_laws" title="Russian 2022 war censorship laws">War censorship laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Together._Sports" title="We Are Together. Sports">We Are Together. Sports</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Russia_Should_Do_with_Ukraine" title="What Russia Should Do with Ukraine">What Russia Should Do with Ukraine</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Joe_Biden_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw">2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2022 State of the Union Address">2022 State of the Union Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2023" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_Governance_Board" title="Disinformation Governance Board">Disinformation Governance Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_14071" title="Executive Order 14071">Executive Order 14071</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Pentagon_document_leaks" title="2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks">Pentagon document leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_KleptoCapture" title="Task Force KleptoCapture">Task Force KleptoCapture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Defense_Contact_Group" title="Ukraine Defense Contact Group">Ukraine Defense Contact Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Security_Assistance_Initiative" title="Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative">Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Belarus</a></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ukraine_authorization_for_emergency_travel" title="Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel">Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Closer ties with Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis" title="China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis">Chinese peace plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Hong Kong and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War_on_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Influence of the Russo-Ukrainian War on Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Danish_European_Union_opt-out_referendum" title="2022 Danish European Union opt-out referendum">Danish European Union defence opt-out referendum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Federated States of Micronesia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federated_States_of_Micronesia%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Российско-микронезийские отношения">ru</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Aigle" title="Mission Aigle">Mission Aigle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Georgia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Georgia</a></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Taurus_controversy" title="German Taurus controversy">German Taurus controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Taurus_leak" title="German Taurus leak">Taurus leak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeitenwende_speech" title="Zeitenwende speech">Zeitenwende speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Hungary and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="India and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ganga" title="Operation Ganga">Operation Ganga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Closer ties with Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Israel_Guarantees" title="Operation Israel Guarantees">Operation Israel Guarantees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Lithuania and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War">Moldova</a></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_Sanctions_Act_2022" title="Russia Sanctions Act 2022">Russia Sanctions Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">North Korea</a></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Ukraine_border_crisis" title="Poland–Ukraine border crisis">border crisis with Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syria and the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Syria</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Сирия и вторжение России на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Taiwan and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Taiwan</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Crime_(Transparency_and_Enforcement)_Act_2022" title="Economic Crime (Transparency and Enforcement) Act 2022">Economic Crime Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homes_for_Ukraine" title="Homes for Ukraine">Homes for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Interflex" title="Operation Interflex">Operation Interflex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_emergency_special_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="Eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly">Emergency special session</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/1" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1">Resolution ES-11/1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/2" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/2">Resolution ES-11/2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/3" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/3">Resolution ES-11/3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/4" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4">Resolution ES-11/4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/5" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/5">Resolution ES-11/5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/6" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/6">Resolution ES-11/6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2623" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623">Security Council Resolution 2623</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_A/RES/77/229" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/77/229">Resolution A/RES/77/229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_truce" title="Easter truce">Easter truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Accession of Moldova to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Accession of Ukraine to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Brussels_summit" title="2022 Brussels summit">Brussels summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="1st European Political Community Summit">1st summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="2nd European Political Community Summit">2nd summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="3rd European Political Community Summit">3rd summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit" title="2022 Madrid summit">Madrid summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_NATO_virtual_summit" title="2022 NATO virtual summit">NATO virtual summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Oscar" title="Operation Oscar">Operation Oscar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ramstein_Air_Base_meeting" title="2022 Ramstein Air Base meeting">Ramstein Air Base meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_EU%E2%80%93Ukraine_Summit" title="2023 EU–Ukraine Summit">EU–Ukraine Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REPowerEU" title="REPowerEU">REPowerEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steadfast_Defender_2024" title="Steadfast Defender 2024">Steadfast Defender 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWIFT_ban_against_Russian_banks" title="SWIFT ban against Russian banks">SWIFT ban against Russian banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Recovery_Conference" title="Ukraine Recovery Conference">Ukraine Recovery Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles_declaration" title="Versailles declaration">Versailles declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit" title="2023 Vilnius summit">2023 Vilnius summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_BRICS_summit" title="15th BRICS summit">15th BRICS summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Washington_summit" title="2024 Washington summit">2024 Washington summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar%2B" title="Weimar+">Weimar+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consecration_of_Russia_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary#21st_century" title="Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Consecration of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-16_training_coalition" title="F-16 training coalition">F-16 training coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">Finland–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Russia_border_barrier" title="Finland–Russia border barrier">Finland–Russia border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_diplomacy" title="Iron diplomacy">Iron diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_South_Ossetia#2022_proposal" title="Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia">Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia#2022" title="Terrorism in Russia">Recognition of Russia as a terrorist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of monuments and memorials removed following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Removal of monuments and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_renamed_due_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of streets renamed due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Streets renamed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Square,_Oslo" title="Ukraine Square, Oslo">Ukraine Square, Oslo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_heads_of_state_and_government_that_have_visited_Ukraine_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Sweden–NATO relations">Sweden–NATO relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Swedish_anti-terrorism_bill" title="2023 Swedish anti-terrorism bill">Swedish anti-terrorism bill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-government_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Non-government reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Public</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>In Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_protests_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine">in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine">demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmWomenNow" title="ArmWomenNow">ArmWomenNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Artistic_Front" title="Ukrainian Artistic Front">Ukrainian Artistic Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_protests_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present)">In Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angry_patriots" title="Angry patriots">Angry patriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_of_Angry_Patriots" title="Club of Angry Patriots">Club of Angry Patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-War_Committee_of_Russia" title="Anti-War Committee of Russia">Anti-War Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspicious_deaths_of_Russian_businesspeople_(2022%E2%80%932024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople (2022–2024)">Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_People%27s_Deputies_(Russia,_2022)" title="Congress of People's Deputies (Russia, 2022)">Congress of People's Deputies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Mothers_and_Wives" title="Council of Mothers and Wives">Council of Mothers and Wives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Anti-War_Resistance" title="Feminist Anti-War Resistance">Feminist Anti-War Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_protests" title="Flower protests">Flower protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Ovsyannikova" title="Marina Ovsyannikova">Marina Ovsyannikova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Action_Committee" title="Russian Action Committee">Russian Action Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_North_Caucasian_protests" title="2022 North Caucasian protests">North Caucasian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Far_East_protests" title="2022 Russian Far East protests">2022 Russian Far East protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_initiative_for_charging_Vladimir_Putin_of_high_treason" title="Municipal initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason">State Duma initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-blue-white_flag" title="White-blue-white flag">White-blue-white flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Belarusian_opposition_to_the_invasion" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">In Belarus</a></li> <li>In China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Translation_Movement" title="Great Translation Movement">Great Translation Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>In Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_First!" title="Czech Republic First!">Czech Republic First!</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corporate_responses_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Corporate responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_address_of_the_Russian_Union_of_Rectors" title="2022 address of the Russian Union of Rectors">Address of the Russian Union of Rectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycott_of_Russia_and_Belarus" title="Boycott of Russia and Belarus">Boycott of Russia and Belarus</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Do not buy Russian goods!">Do not buy Russian goods!</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.N.O.T._Corp." title="E.N.O.T. Corp.">E.N.O.T. Corp.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Mangushev" title="Igor Mangushev">Igor Mangushev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s_in_Russia" title="McDonald's in Russia">McDonald's in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vkusno_i_tochka" title="Vkusno i tochka">Vkusno i tochka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NashStore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NashStore (page does not exist)">NashStore</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NashStore" class="extiw" title="ru:NashStore">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Satellite" title="People's Satellite">People's Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Starlink in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Starlink satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Bloody_Energy" title="Stop Bloody Energy">Stop Bloody Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_activities_in_Ukraine" title="Wagner Group activities in Ukraine">Wagner Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Aleksandrovich_Medvedev" title="Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev">Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Nemes_Tarimo" title="Death of Nemes Tarimo">Death of Nemes Tarimo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_CELI_List_of_Companies" title="Yale CELI List of Companies">Yale CELI List of Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Anonymous and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Anonymous and the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alerts.in.ua" title="Alerts.in.ua">alerts.in.ua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_DDoS_attacks_on_Romania" title="2022 DDoS attacks on Romania">DDoS attacks on Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeepStateMap.Live" title="DeepStateMap.Live">DeepStateMap.Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_Army_of_Ukraine" title="IT Army of Ukraine">IT Army of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killnet" title="Killnet">Killnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liveuamap" title="Liveuamap">Liveuamap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_intelligence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Open-source intelligence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Open-source intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacenotwar" title="Peacenotwar">peacenotwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Asset_Tracker" title="Russian Asset Tracker">Russian Asset Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squad303&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squad303 (page does not exist)">Squad303</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squad303" class="extiw" title="pl:Squad303">pl</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Siren_Alerts" title="Ukraine Siren Alerts">Ukraine Siren Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Wikipedia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Wikipedia_in_Russia#2022_threat_to_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Blocking of Wikipedia in Russia">threat to block in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_of_Mark_Bernstein" title="Detention of Mark Bernstein">detention of Mark Bernstein</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_expulsions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_spies_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Azovstal_Defenders%27_Families" title="Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families">Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">Black Sea Grain Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Collaboration with Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Collaboration with Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Together_with_Russia" title="We Are Together with Russia">We Are Together with Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_for_Ukraine" title="Concert for Ukraine">Concert for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Buryatia_Foundation" title="Free Buryatia Foundation">Free Buryatia Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Nations_of_Post-Russia_Forum" title="Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum">Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game4Ukraine" title="Game4Ukraine">Game4Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Lost_(organisation)" title="Get Lost (organisation)">Get Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Tour_for_Peace" title="Global Tour for Peace">Global Tour for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_by_the_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Go by the Forest">Go by the Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_the_Free_World" title="Guide to the Free World">Guide to the Free World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_Group" title="Mozart Group">Mozart Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olena_Zelenska_Foundation" title="Olena Zelenska Foundation">Olena Zelenska Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_open_letter_from_Nobel_laureates_in_support_of_Ukraine" title="2022 open letter from Nobel laureates in support of Ukraine">Open letter from Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Sudoplatov_Battalion" title="Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion">Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubikus.HelpUA" title="Rubikus.HelpUA">Rubikus.HelpUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Shostak_Charitable_Foundation" title="Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation">Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%27s_War_Crimes_House" title="Russia's War Crimes House">Russia's War Crimes House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Ukraine" title="Save Ukraine">Save Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Ukrainian_Cultural_Heritage_Online" title="Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online">Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Prytula_Charity_Foundation" title="Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation">Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Spain_letter_bomb_attacks" title="2022 Spain letter bomb attacks">Spain letter bomb attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yermak-McFaul_Expert_Group_on_Russian_Sanctions" title="Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions">Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Filatyev" title="Pavel Filatyev">Pavel Filatyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Russia" title="True Russia">True Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volos_Declaration" title="Volos Declaration">Volos Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_ban_on_Russian_and_Belarusian_players" title="Wimbledon ban on Russian and Belarusian players">Wimbledon ban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact6131" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Impact</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of journalists killed during the Russo-Ukrainian War">journalists killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_generals_killed_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of Russian generals killed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian generals killed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2023 inflation">Inflation surge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Moldovan_energy_crisis" title="2022–2023 Moldovan energy crisis">2022–2023 Moldovan energy crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_protests_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Moldovan protests (2022–2023)">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Moldovan_energy_crisis" title="2025 Moldovan energy crisis">2025 Moldovan energy crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute" title="2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute">Russia–EU gas dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_debt_default" title="2022 Russian debt default">Russian debt default</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_crude_oil_price_cap_sanctions" title="2022 Russian crude oil price cap sanctions">2022 Russian oil price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_economic_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="German economic crisis (2022–present)">2022-2024 German economic crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_oil_products_sanctions_and_price_cap" title="2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap">2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_natural_gas_price_cap" title="EU natural gas price cap">EU natural gas price cap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ukraine#During_the_2022_Russian_invasion" title="Education in Ukraine">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_War" title="Whisky War">End of the Whisky War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Environmental impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Eurovision Song Contest 2022</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">Eurovision Song Contest 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_food_crises" class="mw-redirect" title="2022–2023 food crises">Food crises</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Impact on theatre</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Театр часів Російсько-української війни">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_deaths_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable deaths during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">List of notable deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil oil transit dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_on_nuclear_power_plants" title="Impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on nuclear power plants">Nuclear power plants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant_crisis" title="Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis">Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_risk_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Nuclear risk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Nuclear risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Religion and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_emigration_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian emigration during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian emigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_(organisation)" title="Ark (organisation)">The Ark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Ship losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cultural_heritage_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian cultural heritage during the 2022 Russian invasion">Ukrainian cultural heritage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_theft_and_looting_by_Russia_during_the_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Art theft and looting by Russia during the invasion of Ukraine">art theft and looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_damaged_cultural_sites_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of damaged cultural sites during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">damaged cultural sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Trauma in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Urengoy%E2%80%93Pomary%E2%80%93Uzhhorod_pipeline_explosion" title="2022 Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion">Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_energy_crisis" title="Ukrainian energy crisis">Ukrainian energy crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Violations of non-combatant airspaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_impacts_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Humanitarian impacts of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Humanitarian impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian refugee crisis (2022–present)">Ukrainian refugee crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sobieskiego_100" title="Sobieskiego 100">Sobieskiego 100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_Ukraine" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine">UN Commission of Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Monitoring_Mission_in_Ukraine" title="United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine">UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms and phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/And_now_I_will_show_you_where_the_attack_on_Belarus_was_prepared_from" title="And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from">And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons_(slur)" title="Anglo-Saxons (slur)">Anglo-Saxons</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bavovna" title="Bavovna">Bavovna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Grandpa_in_his_bunker" title="Grandpa in his bunker">Grandpa in his bunker</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Good_Evening_(Where_Are_You_From%3F)" title="Good Evening (Where Are You From?)">Good evening, we are from Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Orc_(slang)" title="Orc (slang)">Orc</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putin_khuylo!#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Putin khuylo!">Putin khuylo!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Khuy_Voyne!#Russo-Ukrainian_war" title="Khuy Voyne!">Khuy Voyne!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia_is_here_forever&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russia is here forever (page does not exist)">Russia is here forever</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Росія тут назавжди">uk</a>]"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Russian_warship,_go_fuck_yourself" title="Russian warship, go fuck yourself">Russian warship, go fuck yourself</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Slava Ukraini">Slava Ukraini!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Special_military_operation" title="Special military operation">Special military operation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_bomb_Voronezh" title="To bomb Voronezh">To bomb Voronezh</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strength_is_in_truth" title="Strength is in truth">Strength is in truth</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Westsplaining" title="Westsplaining">Westsplaining</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_have_you_been_for_eight_years%3F" title="Where have you been for eight years?">Where have you been for eight years?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Without_you_(speech)" title="Without you (speech)">Without you</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/12_(song)" title="12 (song)">12</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bakhmut_Fortress" title="Bakhmut Fortress">Bakhmut Fortress</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_(song)" title="Bayraktar (song)">Bayraktar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bilia_topoli" title="Bilia topoli">Bilia topoli</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/City_of_Mary_(song)" title="City of Mary (song)">City of Mary</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flowers_of_Minefields" title="Flowers of Minefields">Flowers of Minefields</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Generation_Cancellation" title="Generation Cancellation">Generation Cancellation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Generation_Z_(song)" title="Generation Z (song)">Generation Z</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Russian_(song)" title="I'm Russian (song)">I'm Russian</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oyda_(song)" title="Oyda (song)">Oyda</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hey,_Hey,_Rise_Up!" title="Hey, Hey, Rise Up!">Hey, Hey, Rise Up!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mama_%C5%A0%C4%8C!" title="Mama ŠČ!">Mama ŠČ!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oi_u_luzi_chervona_kalyna" title="Oi u luzi chervona kalyna">Oi u luzi chervona kalyna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini!_(song)" title="Slava Ukraini! (song)">Slava Ukraini!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stefania_(song)" title="Stefania (song)">Stefania</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ukraine_(song)" title="Ukraine (song)">Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Crushed_(Imagine_Dragons_song)" title="Crushed (Imagine Dragons song)">Crushed</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20_Days_in_Mariupol" title="20 Days in Mariupol">20 Days in Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Rising_Fury" title="A Rising Fury">A Rising Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follow_Me_(documentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Follow Me (documentary)">Follow Me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercepted_(film)" title="Intercepted (film)">Intercepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_at_War" title="Russians at War">Russians at War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_in_the_Wound" title="Turn in the Wound">Turn in the Wound</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukraine_on_Fire_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukraine on Fire 2 (page does not exist)">Ukraine on Fire 2</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96_2" class="extiw" title="uk:Україна в огні 2">uk</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon%2713" title="Babylon'13">Babylon'13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Cold_War" title="Back to the Cold War">Back to the Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borodianka_cat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borodianka cat (page does not exist)">Borodianka cat</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Кішка з Бородянки">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_of_Kyiv" title="Ghost of Kyiv">Ghost of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_watermelon" title="Kherson watermelon">Kherson watermelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lovec_Region" title="Královec Region">Královec Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Kyiv" title="Madonna of Kyiv">Madonna of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAFO_(group)" title="NAFO (group)">North Atlantic Fella Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newspeak_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newspeak in Russia (page does not exist)">Newspeak in Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Новояз в России">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97" class="extiw" title="uk:Новомова в Росії">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patron_(dog)" title="Patron (dog)">Patron</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putler#After_2014" title="Putler">Putler</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putinversteher" title="Putinversteher">Putinversteher</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon_of_Kherson" title="Raccoon of Kherson">Raccoon of Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Javelin" title="Saint Javelin">Saint Javelin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mariuburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Mariuburg (page does not exist)">Saint Mariuburg</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:Санкт-Мариубург">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="uk:Санкт-Маріубург">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasylkiv_maiolica_rooster" title="Vasylkiv maiolica rooster">Vasylkiv maiolica rooster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_table" title="Vladimir Putin's meeting table">Vladimir Putin's meeting table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_of_the_Brave" title="Walk of the Brave">Walk of the Brave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_(military_symbol)" title="Z (military symbol)">"Z" military symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Key_people1985" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Key people</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speeches_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Speeches by Volodymyr Zelenskyy during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">speeches during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_States" title="2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United States">visit to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="2023 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United Kingdom">visit to the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2023_European_visits_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="May 2023 European visits by Volodymyr Zelenskyy">visits to Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky" title="Andriy Biletsky">Andriy Biletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Denys Shmyhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Kireyev" title="Denys Kireyev">Denys Kireyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Monastyrsky" title="Denys Monastyrsky">Denys Monastyrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Prokopenko" title="Denys Prokopenko">Denys Prokopenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iryna_Venediktova" title="Iryna Venediktova">Iryna Venediktova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrylo_Budanov" title="Kyrylo Budanov">Kyrylo Budanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Pasechnik" title="Leonid Pasechnik">Leonid Pasechnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Drapatyi" title="Mykhailo Drapatyi">Mykhailo Drapatyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Oleschuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mykola Oleschuk">Mykola Oleschuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Pavlyuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleksandr Pavlyuk">Oleksandr Pavlyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Syrskyi" title="Oleksandr Syrskyi">Oleksandr Syrskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksii_Reznikov" title="Oleksii Reznikov">Oleksii Reznikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Danilov" title="Oleksiy Danilov">Oleksiy Danilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Neizhpapa" title="Oleksiy Neizhpapa">Oleksiy Neizhpapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Khomchak" title="Ruslan Khomchak">Ruslan Khomchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustem_Umerov" title="Rustem Umerov">Rustem Umerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergiy_Kyslytsya" title="Sergiy Kyslytsya">Sergiy Kyslytsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Shaptala" title="Serhiy Shaptala">Serhiy Shaptala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhii_Sternenko" title="Serhii Sternenko">Serhii Sternenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerii_Zaluzhnyi" title="Valerii Zaluzhnyi">Valerii Zaluzhnyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasyl_Malyuk" title="Vasyl Malyuk">Vasyl Malyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Moisiuk" title="Yevhen Moisiuk">Yevhen Moisiuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dvornikov" title="Aleksandr Dvornikov">Aleksandr Dvornikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Lapin_(general)" title="Aleksandr Lapin (general)">Aleksandr Lapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Dyumin" title="Aleksey Dyumin">Aleksey Dyumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Nagin" title="Aleksey Nagin">Aleksey Nagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bortnikov" title="Alexander Bortnikov">Alexander Bortnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kolesnikov_(general)" title="Andrei Kolesnikov (general)">Andrei Kolesnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sychevoi" title="Andrei Sychevoi">Andrei Sychevoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Belousov" title="Andrey Belousov">Andrey Belousov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Vorobyov" title="Andrey Vorobyov">Andrey Vorobyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Zhidko" title="Gennady Zhidko">Gennady Zhidko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Kastyukevich" title="Igor Kastyukevich">Igor Kastyukevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ivanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Ivanovich Popov">Ivan Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mikhail Mishustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lvova-Belova" title="Maria Lvova-Belova">Maria Lvova-Belova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Patrushev" title="Nikolai Patrushev">Nikolai Patrushev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Salyukov" title="Oleg Salyukov">Oleg Salyukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Tsokov" title="Oleg Tsokov">Oleg Tsokov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramzan_Kadyrov" title="Ramzan Kadyrov">Ramzan Kadyrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Berdnikov" title="Roman Berdnikov">Roman Berdnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Muradov" title="Rustam Muradov">Rustam Muradov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kobylash" title="Sergey Kobylash">Sergey Kobylash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Naryshkin" title="Sergey Naryshkin">Sergey Naryshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Surovikin" title="Sergey Surovikin">Sergey Surovikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timur_Ivanov" title="Timur Ivanov">Timur Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sokolov_(naval_officer)" title="Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)">Viktor Sokolov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Zolotov" title="Viktor Zolotov">Viktor Zolotov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Gerasimov" title="Vitaly Gerasimov">Vitaly Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Gladkov" title="Vyacheslav Gladkov">Vyacheslav Gladkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin" title="Vyacheslav Volodin">Vyacheslav Volodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related3059" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit" title="2023 North Korea–Russia summit">2023 North Korea–Russia summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Korochansky_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash">2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Putin%E2%80%93Trump_call" title="2025 Putin–Trump call">2025 Putin–Trump call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-drone_mesh" title="Anti-drone mesh">Anti-drone mesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Anti-Russian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Anti-Ukrainian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-225_Mriya" title="Antonov An-225 Mriya">Antonov An-225 Mriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Axis of Upheaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azovstal_Iron_and_Steel_Works" title="Azovstal Iron and Steel Works">Azovstal Iron and Steel Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_accidental_bombing" title="2023 Belgorod accidental bombing">Belgorod accidental bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Brovary_helicopter_crash" title="2023 Brovary helicopter crash">Brovary helicopter crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_military_aircraft_crashes" title="2023 Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes">Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claims_of_Vladimir_Putin%27s_incapacity_and_death" title="Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death">Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization_in_Ukraine" title="Decolonization in Ukraine">Decolonization in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decommunization_in_Ukraine" title="Decommunization in Ukraine">Decommunization in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derussification_in_Ukraine" title="Derussification in Ukraine">Derussification in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine">Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_heads_of_state_and_government_that_have_visited_Ukraine_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Foreign leaders that have visited during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_War" title="Institute for the Study of War">Institute for the Study of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Irkutsk_military_aircraft_crash" title="2022 Irkutsk military aircraft crash">Irkutsk military aircraft crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ivanovo_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="2024 Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash">Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023_Kyivstar_cyberattack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023 Kyivstar cyberattack (page does not exist)">Kyivstar cyberattack</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%C2%BB_(2023)" class="extiw" title="ru:Кибератака на «Киевстар» (2023)">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%C2%BB_(2023)" class="extiw" title="uk:Кібератака на «Київстар» (2023)">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_R_incident" title="Lady R incident">Lady R incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_Transnistria" title="Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria">Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punisher_(drone)" title="Punisher (drone)">Punisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russian nuclear weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">Sarmat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_presence_in_Transnistria" title="Russian military presence in Transnistria">Russian military presence in Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Air_Force_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="2022 Russian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crash">Ryazan military aircraft crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Siberian_wildfires" title="2022 Siberian wildfires">Siberian wildfires</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023_Sinhury_mid-air_collision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023 Sinhury mid-air collision (page does not exist)">Sinhury mid-air collision</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Зіткнення над Сінгурами">uk</a>; <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5%E6%89%98%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%9EL-39M1%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%9E%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" class="extiw" title="zh:2023年日托米爾州L-39M1飛機相撞事故">zh</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soloti_military_training_ground_shooting" title="Soloti military training ground shooting">Soloti military training ground shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_imagery_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Soviet imagery during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Soviet imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Center_of_Recruitment_and_Social_Support" title="Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support">Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_tank" title="Turtle tank">Turtle tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-24_(association)" title="U-24 (association)">U-24 association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian-African_Renaissance" title="Ukrainian-African Renaissance">Ukrainian-African Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_conscription_crisis" title="Ukrainian conscription crisis">Ukrainian conscription crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Western_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of Western long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia">Western long-range weapons in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Airlines_Flight_1383" title="Ural Airlines Flight 1383">Ural Airlines Flight 1383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Aerospace_Forces_An-26_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian Aerospace Forces An-26 crash">Voronezh military aircraft crash</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Vladimir_Putin_Interview" class="mw-redirect" title="The Vladimir Putin Interview">The Vladimir Putin Interview</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Yeysk_military_aircraft_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Yeysk military aircraft crash">Yeysk military aircraft crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moldovan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt_allegations" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations">Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Joe_Biden_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine">2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Fumio_Kishida_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine">2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Russia" title="2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia">2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine">2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Wagner_Group_plane_crash" title="2023 Wagner Group plane crash">Wagner Group plane crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Hunka_scandal" title="Yaroslav Hunka scandal">Yaroslav Hunka scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Airlines_Flight_8243" title="Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243">Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Category:Russian invasion of Ukraine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Energy_in_Russia780" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Energy_in_Russia" title="Template:Energy in Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Energy_in_Russia" title="Template talk:Energy in Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Energy_in_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Energy in Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Energy_in_Russia780" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Russia" title="Energy in Russia">Energy in Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Russia" title="Climate change in Russia">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Economy of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_security_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy security of Russia (page does not exist)">Energy security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_superpower" title="Energy superpower">Energy superpower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Russia" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Russia">Greenhouse gas emissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Energy (Russia)">Ministry of Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Russia" title="Coal in Russia">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Russia" title="Geothermal power in Russia">Geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity_in_Russia" title="Hydroelectricity in Russia">Hydroelectric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas_industry_in_Russia" title="Liquefied natural gas industry in Russia">LNG industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_in_Russia" title="Natural gas in Russia">Natural gas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Exporting_Countries_Forum" title="Gas Exporting Countries Forum">Gas Exporting Countries Forum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Russia" title="Nuclear power in Russia">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_industry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil industry of Russia">Oil industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Russia" title="Oil reserves in Russia">Oil reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Russia" title="Petroleum industry in Russia">Petroleum industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barents_Basin" title="Barents Basin">Barents Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_and_gas_fields_of_the_Barents_Sea" title="List of oil and gas fields of the Barents Sea">Barents Sea fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_petroleum_basin" title="West Siberian petroleum basin">West Siberia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Russia" title="Renewable energy in Russia">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar power in Russia">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Russia" title="Wind power in Russia">Wind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electricity generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Russia" title="Electricity sector in Russia">Electric power industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Imperial_Russia" title="Electricity sector in Imperial Russia">in Imperial Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Russia" title="List of power stations in Russia">List of power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_floating_nuclear_power_station" title="Russian floating nuclear power station">Russian floating nuclear power station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_power_stations_in_Russia_and_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal power stations in Russia and Soviet Union">Thermal power stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Electric_power_companies_of_Russia" title="Category:Electric power companies of Russia">Electric power companies of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil" title="Lukoil">Lukoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novatek" title="Novatek">Novatek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosatom" title="Rosatom">Rosatom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosneftegaz" title="Rosneftegaz">Rosneftegaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Energy" title="Sakhalin Energy">Sakhalin Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transneft" title="Transneft">Transneft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal_LNG" title="Yamal LNG">Yamal LNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Energy_diplomacy" title="Energy diplomacy">Politics</a> and disputes (before <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 invasion</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Russia" title="Energy policy of Russia">Energy policy of Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Energy policy of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Russia–Saudi Arabia relations">Russia–Saudi Arabia relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="China–Russia relations">China–Russia relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_Siberia" title="Power of Siberia">Power of Siberia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Germany–Russia relations">Germany–Russia relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_1" title="Nord Stream 1">Nord Stream 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector" title="Russia in the European energy sector">Russia in the European energy sector</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes over the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_policy_of_Russia" title="Arctic policy of Russia">Arctic policy of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Russian_North_Pole_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Russian North Pole expedition">2007 Russian North Pole expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf_of_Russia" title="Continental shelf of Russia">Continental shelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_exploration_in_the_Arctic" title="Petroleum exploration in the Arctic">Petroleum exploration in the Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_the_Arctic" title="Territorial claims in the Arctic">Territorial claims in the Arctic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes with <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Russia%E2%80%93Belarus_energy_dispute" title="2004 Russia–Belarus energy dispute">of 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Russia%E2%80%93Belarus_energy_dispute" title="2007 Russia–Belarus energy dispute">of 2007</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes with <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Russia%E2%80%93Georgia_energy_crisis" title="2006 Russia–Georgia energy crisis">2006 Russia–Georgia energy crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes with <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005%E2%80%932006_Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_dispute" title="2005–2006 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute">of 2005–06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_dispute" title="2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute">of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">Kharkiv Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remember_about_the_Gas_%E2%80%93_Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Remember about the Gas – Do not buy Russian goods!">Remember about the Gas – Do not buy Russian goods!</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_transmission_system_of_Ukraine" title="Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine">Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Ukraine invasion</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">sanctions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2023 global energy crisis">2021–2023 global energy crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation_surge" title="2021–2023 inflation surge">2021–2023 inflation surge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_food_crises" class="mw-redirect" title="2022–2023 food crises">2022–2023 food crises</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute" title="2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute">2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">2024 Lukoil transit sanctions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_crude_oil_price_cap_sanctions" title="2022 Russian crude oil price cap sanctions">2022 oil sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_oil_products_sanctions_and_price_cap" title="2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap">2023 oil sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_natural_gas_price_cap" title="EU natural gas price cap">gas price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">CAATSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfriendly_countries_list" title="Unfriendly countries list">Unfriendly countries list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_in_Russia" title="Category:Energy in Russia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy" title="Portal:Renewable energy">Renewable energy portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/21px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/42px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ukraine" title="Portal:Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/21px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/42px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&oldid=1274934858">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War&oldid=1274934858</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sanctions_and_boycotts_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Category:Sanctions and boycotts during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Sanctions and boycotts during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2010s_in_economic_history" title="Category:2010s in economic history">2010s in economic history</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_economic_history" title="Category:2020s in economic 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