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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="أنطونيو دي مندوزا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنطونيو دي مندوزا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Antonio de Mendoza" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antonio de Mendoza" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antonio de Mendoza" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza_y_Pacheco" title="Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Antonio de Mendoza" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antonio de Mendoza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%94" title="אנטוניו דה מנדוסה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנטוניו דה מנדוסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90" title="ანტონიო დე მენდოსა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანტონიო დე მენდოსა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antonio de Mendoza" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="انطونيو دى مندوزا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انطونيو دى مندوزا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Antonio de Mendoza" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Antonio de Mendoza" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5" title="アントニオ・デ・メンドーサ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アントニオ・デ・メンドーサ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Antonio de Mendoza" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Antonio de Mendoza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antonio de Mendoza" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Мендоса, Антонио де – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мендоса, Антонио де" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antonio de Mendoza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antonio de Mendoza" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Антоніо де Мендоса – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антоніо де Мендоса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%9A%E8%90%A8" title="安东尼奥·德门多萨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安东尼奥·德门多萨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1st Viceroy of New Spain, (r. 1535-50); 3rd Viceroy of Peru (r. 1551-52)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Mendoza_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Antonio Mendoza (disambiguation)">Antonio Mendoza</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Excellent" title="The Most Excellent">The Most Excellent</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Antonio de Mendoza</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Santiago" title="Order of Santiago">KOS</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AntonioMendoza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/AntonioMendoza.jpg/220px-AntonioMendoza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/AntonioMendoza.jpg/330px-AntonioMendoza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/AntonioMendoza.jpg/440px-AntonioMendoza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="1447" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_New_Spain" title="List of viceroys of New Spain">Viceroy of New Spain</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 November 1535 – 25 November 1550</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diego_Columbus" title="Diego Columbus">Diego Columbus</a> <small>(in 1526 as <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of the Indies">Viceroy of the Indies</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Velasco,_2nd_Viceroy_of_New_Spain" title="Luis de Velasco, 2nd Viceroy of New Spain">Luis de Velasco</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/List_of_Viceroys_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Viceroys of Peru">Viceroy of Peru</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 September 1551 – 21 July 1552</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_la_Gasca" title="Pedro de la Gasca">Pedro de la Gasca</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Melchor_Bravo_de_Saravia" title="Melchor Bravo de Saravia">Melchor Bravo de Saravia</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[anˈtonjo<span class="wrap"> </span>ðe<span class="wrap"> </span>menˈdosa]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco</div><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1495</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_la_Real" title="Alcalá la Real">Alcalá la Real</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ja%C3%A9n" title="Kingdom of Jaén">Kingdom of Jaén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">21 July 1552<span style="display:none">(1552-07-21)</span> (aged 56–57)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Kingdom of Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Antonio de Mendoza</b> (1495 – 21 July 1552) was a Spanish colonial administrator who was the first <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of New Spain">viceroy of New Spain</a>, serving from 14 November 1535 to 25 November 1550, and the second <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">viceroy of Peru</a>, from 23 September 1551, until his death on 21 July 1552. </p><p>Mendoza was born at <a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_la_Real" title="Alcalá la Real">Alcalá la Real</a> (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(Spain)" title="Province of Jaén (Spain)">Jaén</a>, Spain), the son of the 2nd Count of Tendilla <a href="/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_L%C3%B3pez_de_Mendoza_y_Qui%C3%B1ones" title="Íñigo López de Mendoza y Quiñones">Íñigo López de Mendoza y Quiñones</a>, and Francisca Pacheco. He was married to María Ana de Trujillo de Mendoza. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viceroy_of_New_Spain">Viceroy of New Spain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_de_Mendoza&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Viceroy of New Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mendoza became <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of New Spain">Viceroy of New Spain</a> in 1535 and governed for 15 years, longer than any subsequent viceroy. On his arrival in New Spain, he found a recently conquered territory beset with Indigenous unrest and rivalry among the Spanish conquerors and Spanish settlers. His difficult assignment was to govern in the king's name without making an enemy of <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a>. Cortés himself had expected to be made the permanent ruling crown official of New Spain, since he had led the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire</a>. The Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> (King Charles I of Spain) and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Indies" title="Council of the Indies">Council of the Indies</a> judged Cortés too independent of crown authority to be made viceroy and had created a high court (<i>audiencia</i>) in New Spain in 1528, appointing <a href="/wiki/Nu%C3%B1o_de_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Nuño de Guzmán">Nuño de Guzmán</a>, a rival of Cortés as its president to counter Cortés's power.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1530 the crown granted Cortés the title of the Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca with multiple <a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">encomiendas</a>. With the arrival of Viceroy Mendoza in 1535, Cortés pursued his own economic interests from his palace in Cuernavaca.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the Spanish had occupied and expanded explorations, conquest, and settlement in the Caribbean, it was not until the conquest of central Mexico that the crown appointed a viceroy (vice king), who would be the king's living image in Mexico and envisioned to effectively assert royal authority in the Kingdom of New Spain. To further cement his authority and establish a solid society he established marital alliances with powerful settlers committed to the development of New Spain, such as <a href="/wiki/Marina_de_la_Caballer%C3%ADa" title="Marina de la Caballería">Marina de la Caballería</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mendoza's status as a noble and his family's loyalty to the Spanish crown made him a suitable candidate for appointment.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Don Antonio and Bishop <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Zum%C3%A1rraga" title="Juan de Zumárraga">Juan de Zumárraga</a> were key in the formation of two institutions of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Colegio_de_Santa_Cruz_de_Tlatelolco" title="Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco">Colegio de Santa Cruz</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tlatelolco_(Mexico_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlatelolco (Mexico City)">Tlatelolco</a> (1536), where the sons of <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec</a> nobles studied <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetoric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Autonomous_University_of_Mexico" title="National Autonomous University of Mexico">Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico</a> (1552), modeled on the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">University of Salamanca</a>, which trained young men for the Catholic Church. These institutions were the first and second universities respectively to be established in the mainland of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>. In 1536 he began the minting of silver and copper coins, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Macuquina" title="Macuquina">macuquinas</a></i>. Also under his instructions, the first <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a> in the New World was brought to Mexico in 1539, by printer <a href="/wiki/Juan_Pablos" title="Juan Pablos">Juan Pablos</a> (Giovanni Paoli). The first book printed in Mexico: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ladder_of_Divine_Ascent" title="The Ladder of Divine Ascent">La Escala Espiritual de San Juan Clímaco</a></i>. On 18 May 1541 don Antonio founded the city of Valladolid (now <a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a>). </p><p>When the Spanish crown issued the <a href="/wiki/New_Laws" title="New Laws">New Laws</a> that put restrictions on the grants of elite conquerors awarded grants of labor <i><a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">encomenderos</a></i>, the viceroy prudently refrained from implementing the most draconian aspects of the edicts, which no longer permitted an <i>encomendero</i> family holding the grant in perpetuity. In Peru, the implementation of the New Laws resulted in outright rebellion and the assassination of the viceroy.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In reaction to the crisis caused by the New Laws, Mendoza introduced the policy of <i><a href="/wiki/Obedezco_pero_no_cumplo" title="Obedezco pero no cumplo">obedezco pero no cumplo</a></i> ("I obey but do not comply"), which means "I respect the authority of the crown, but in my judgment I do not implement particular legislation." He tried to not implement the New Laws, and therefore stabilized the region.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1542 an <a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">insurrection</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indians</a>, called the <a href="/wiki/Mixt%C3%B3n_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixtón Rebellion">Mixtón Rebellion</a> threatened to push the Spaniards out of northwestern Mexico, bringing the area under indigenous control. The Viceroy himself had to take the field and bring all disposable manpower. The rebellion was quashed and the surviving Indians were harshly punished. By the viceroy's order men, women and children were seized and executed, some by cannon fire, some torn apart by dogs, and others stabbed.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1548 he suppressed an uprising of the <a href="/wiki/Zapotec_peoples" title="Zapotec peoples">Zapotecs</a>. </p><p>As viceroy, Mendoza commissioned the expedition of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1squez_de_Coronado" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Vásquez de Coronado">Francisco Vásquez de Coronado</a> to explore and establish settlements in the northern lands of New Spain in 1540–42, the expedition of <a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a> to explore the western coastline of <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a> in 1542–43, and the expedition of <a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">Ruy López de Villalobos</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> in 1542–43. The <a href="/wiki/Codex_Mendoza" title="Codex Mendoza">Codex Mendoza</a> created by the order of Mendoza,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and subsequently named for him. </p><p>During his term of office, Mendoza is credited with consolidating the sovereignty of the Crown throughout the Spanish conquests in New Spain and limiting the power and ambition of the first <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistadors</a>. Many of the political and economic policies he established endured throughout the entire colonial period. He promoted the construction of hospitals and schools and encouraged improvements in agriculture, ranching and mining. His administration did much to bring stability and peace to New Spain. </p><p>He was succeeded as viceroy of New Spain by Don <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Velasco" class="mw-redirect" title="Luís de Velasco">Luís de Velasco</a>. It is reported that his advice to his successor was: "Do little and do that slowly." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viceroy_of_Peru">Viceroy of Peru</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_de_Mendoza&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Viceroy of Peru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 4 July 1549 in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Emperor Charles V named Mendoza viceroy of Peru. He traveled overland from Mexico to Panama, and then by boat to Peru. He arrived and took up his new office on 25 November 1550. However, he soon became ill, and died in 1552. His tomb is in the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Lima" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Lima">Cathedral of Lima</a>, along with that of the Spanish conqueror of Peru, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pizarro" title="Francisco Pizarro">Francisco Pizarro</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cape_Mendocino" title="Cape Mendocino">Cape Mendocino</a> in <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_County,_California" title="Humboldt County, California">Humboldt County, California</a> was named in his honor in 1565. From the cape, <a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino County</a>, the town of <a href="/wiki/Mendocino,_California" title="Mendocino, California">Mendocino</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mendocino_National_Forest" title="Mendocino National Forest">Mendocino National Forest</a> were named in the 19th and 20th centuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_de_Mendoza&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ida Altman, <i>The War for Mexico's West</i>. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2010, p. 21-22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ida Altman, et al. <i>The Early History of Greater Mexico</i>. Pearson 2003, 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alejandro Cañeque, <i>The King's Living Image: The Culture and Politics of Viceregal Power in Colonial Mexico</i>, New York: Routledge 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Altman et al, <i>Early History of Greater Mexico, p. 69.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/James_Lockhart_(historian)" title="James Lockhart (historian)">James Lockhart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stuart_B._Schwartz" title="Stuart B. Schwartz">Stuart B. Schwartz</a>, <i>Early Latin America</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press 1983, pp. 94-95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John H. Parry and Robert G. Keith, eds. <i>New Iberian World: A Documentary History of the Discovery and Settlement of Latin American to the Early 17th Century</i>. vol. 1. <i>The Conquerors and the Conquered</i>, pp. 348-359</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Juan Comas, "Historical Reality and the Detractors of Father las Casas". In Juan Friede and Benjamin Keen (eds.), <i>Bartolomé de las Casas in History: Toward an Understanding of the Man and his Work</i>. Collection spéciale: CER. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, p. 493.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://codicemendoza.inah.gob.mx/html/acerca.php?lang=english">"Codice Mendoza"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Codice+Mendoza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcodicemendoza.inah.gob.mx%2Fhtml%2Facerca.php%3Flang%3Denglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+de+Mendoza" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_de_Mendoza&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> "Mendoza, Antonio de", <i>Enciclopedia de México</i>, v. 9. Mexico City, 1988.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> "Mendoza, Antonio de", <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, v. 6. Chicago, 1983.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> García Puron, Manuel, <i>México y sus gobernantes</i>, v. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> Orozco Linares, Fernando, <i>Gobernantes de México</i>. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/968-38-0260-5" title="Special:BookSources/968-38-0260-5">968-38-0260-5</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_de_Mendoza&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAiton1927" class="citation book cs1">Aiton, Arthur Scott (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/antoniodemendoza0000aito"><i>Antonio de Mendoza, first viceroy of New Spain</i></a>. Internet Archive. Duke University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antonio+de+Mendoza%2C+first+viceroy+of+New+Spain&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1927&rft.aulast=Aiton&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fantoniodemendoza0000aito&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntonio+de+Mendoza" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_de_Mendoza&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Antonio_de_Mendoza" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Antonio de Mendoza">Antonio de Mendoza</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/history/jtuck/jtviceroymendoza.html">"The First and the best: Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza"</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>Newly Established</i></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Viceroys_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Viceroys of New Spain">Viceroy of New Spain</a> </b><br />1535–1549 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Velasco" class="mw-redirect" title="Luís de Velasco">Luís de Velasco</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_la_Gasca" title="Pedro de la Gasca">Pedro de la Gasca</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Viceroys_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Viceroys of Peru">Viceroy of Peru</a> </b><br />1550–1551 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Melchor_Bravo_de_Saravia" title="Melchor Bravo de Saravia">Melchor Bravo de Saravia</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Viceroys_of_New_Spain_(1535–1821)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" 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href="/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_New_Spain" title="List of viceroys of New Spain">Viceroys of</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> (1535–1821)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> (1535–1564)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Antonio de Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Velasco" class="mw-redirect" title="Luís de Velasco">Luís de Velasco</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Banner_of_arms_crown_of_Castille_Habsbourg_style.svg/100px-Banner_of_arms_crown_of_Castille_Habsbourg_style.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Banner_of_arms_crown_of_Castille_Habsbourg_style.svg/150px-Banner_of_arms_crown_of_Castille_Habsbourg_style.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Banner_of_arms_crown_of_Castille_Habsbourg_style.svg/200px-Banner_of_arms_crown_of_Castille_Habsbourg_style.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><br /><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bandera_de_la_Nueva_Espa%C3%B1a.svg/100px-Bandera_de_la_Nueva_Espa%C3%B1a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bandera_de_la_Nueva_Espa%C3%B1a.svg/150px-Bandera_de_la_Nueva_Espa%C3%B1a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bandera_de_la_Nueva_Espa%C3%B1a.svg/200px-Bandera_de_la_Nueva_Espa%C3%B1a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="881" data-file-height="757" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a> (1566–1603)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gast%C3%B3n_de_Peralta,_3rd_Marquis_of_Falces" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastón de Peralta, 3rd Marquis of Falces">Gastón de Peralta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Enr%C3%ADquez_de_Almanza" title="Martín Enríquez de Almanza">Martín Enríquez de Almanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Su%C3%A1rez_de_Mendoza,_4th_conde_de_la_Coru%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza, 4th conde de la Coruña">Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Moya_de_Contreras" title="Pedro Moya de Contreras">Pedro Moya de Contreras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Manrique_de_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga,_marqu%C3%A9s_de_Villamanrique" class="mw-redirect" title="Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga, marqués de Villamanrique">Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Velasco,_marqu%C3%A9s_de_Salinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis de Velasco, marqués de Salinas">Luis de Velasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga,_5th_Count_of_Monterrey" title="Gaspar de Zúñiga, 5th Count of Monterrey">Gaspar de Zúñiga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III</a> (1603–1621)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Mendoza,_3rd_Marquis_of_Montesclaros" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan de Mendoza, 3rd Marquis of Montesclaros">Juan de Mendoza y Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Velasco,_marqu%C3%A9s_de_Salinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis de Velasco, marqués de Salinas">Luis de Velasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Guerra" title="García Guerra">García Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba,_Marquis_of_Guadalc%C3%A1zar" class="mw-redirect" title="Diego Fernández de Córdoba, Marquis of Guadalcázar">Diego Fernández de Córdoba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV</a> (1621–1665)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Carrillo_de_Mendoza,_1st_Marquis_of_Gelves" class="mw-redirect" title="Diego Carrillo de Mendoza, 1st Marquis of Gelves">Diego Carrillo de Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Pacheco,_3rd_Marquis_of_Cerralvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodrigo Pacheco, 3rd Marquis of Cerralvo">Rodrigo Pacheco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lope_D%C3%ADez_de_Armend%C3%A1riz,_marqu%C3%A9s_de_Cadereyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lope Díez de Armendáriz, marqués de Cadereyta">Lope Díez de Armendáriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_L%C3%B3pez_Pacheco,_7th_Duke_of_Escalona" title="Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona">Diego López Pacheco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Palafox_y_Mendoza" title="Juan de Palafox y Mendoza">Juan de Palafox y Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Sarmiento_de_Sotomayor,_2nd_Count_of_Salvatierra" title="García Sarmiento de Sotomayor, 2nd Count of Salvatierra">García Sarmiento de Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_de_Torres_y_Rueda" title="Marcos de Torres y Rueda">Marcos de Torres y Rueda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Enr%C3%ADquez_de_Guzm%C3%A1n,_9th_Count_of_Alba_de_Liste" title="Luis Enríquez de Guzmán, 9th Count of Alba de Liste">Luis Enríquez de Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_la_Cueva,_8th_Duke_of_Alburquerque" title="Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque">Francisco Fernández de la Cueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Leyva_de_la_Cerda,_conde_de_Ba%C3%B1os" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan de Leyva de la Cerda, conde de Baños">Juan de Leyva de la Cerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Osorio_de_Escobar_y_Llamas" title="Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas">Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_Toledo,_2nd_Marquis_of_Mancera" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Sebastián de Toledo, 2nd Marquis of Mancera">Antonio Sebastián de Toledo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles II</a> (1665–1701)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Nu%C3%B1o_Col%C3%B3n_de_Portugal,_6th_Duke_of_Veragua" title="Pedro Nuño Colón de Portugal, 6th Duke of Veragua">Pedro Nuño Colón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payo_Enr%C3%ADquez_de_Rivera" title="Payo Enríquez de Rivera">Payo Enríquez de Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_la_Cerda,_3rd_Marquis_of_la_Laguna" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomás de la Cerda, 3rd Marquis of la Laguna">Tomás de la Cerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchor_Portocarrero,_3rd_Count_of_Monclova" title="Melchor Portocarrero, 3rd Count of Monclova">Melchor Portocarrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_la_Cerda,_8th_Count_of_Galve" title="Gaspar de la Cerda, 8th Count of Galve">Gaspar de la Cerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ortega_y_Monta%C3%B1%C3%A9s" title="Juan Ortega y Montañés">Juan Ortega y Montañés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Sarmiento_de_Valladares,_1st_Duke_of_Atrisco" title="José Sarmiento de Valladares, 1st Duke of Atrisco">José Sarmiento y Valladares</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a> (1701–1746)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ortega_y_Monta%C3%B1%C3%A9s" title="Juan Ortega y Montañés">Juan Ortega y Montañés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_la_Cueva,_10th_Duke_of_Alburquerque" title="Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of Alburquerque">Francisco Fernández de la Cueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Alencastre,_1st_Duke_of_Linares" title="Fernando de Alencastre, 1st Duke of Linares">Fernando de Alencastre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltasar_de_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga,_1st_Duke_of_Ari%C3%B3n" title="Baltasar de Zúñiga, 1st Duke of Arión">Baltasar de Zúñiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Acu%C3%B1a,_1st_Marquess_of_Casa_Fuerte" title="Juan de Acuña, 1st Marquess of Casa Fuerte">Juan de Acuña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_de_Vizarr%C3%B3n_y_Eguiarreta" title="Juan Antonio de Vizarrón y Eguiarreta">Juan Antonio de Vizarrón y Eguiarreta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Castro,_1st_Duke_of_la_Conquista" title="Pedro de Castro, 1st Duke of la Conquista">Pedro de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Cebri%C3%A1n,_5th_Count_of_Fuenclara" title="Pedro Cebrián, 5th Count of Fuenclara">Pedro Cebrián y Agustín</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VI of Spain">Ferdinand VI</a> (1746–1760)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Francisco_de_G%C3%BCemes,_1st_Count_of_Revillagigedo" title="Juan Francisco de Güemes, 1st Count of Revillagigedo">Juan Francisco de Güemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_de_Ahumada,_2nd_Marquess_of_Amarillas" title="Agustín de Ahumada, 2nd Marquess of Amarillas">Agustín de Ahumada y Villalón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a> (1760–1789)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Cajigal_de_la_Vega" title="Francisco Cajigal de la Vega">Francisco Cajigal de la Vega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_de_Montserrat,_1st_Marquess_of_Cruillas" title="Joaquín de Montserrat, 1st Marquess of Cruillas">Joaquín de Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Francisco_de_Croix,_1st_Marquess_of_Croix" title="Carlos Francisco de Croix, 1st Marquess of Croix">Carlos Francisco de Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Bucareli" title="Antonio María de Bucareli">Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Mayorga" title="Martín de Mayorga">Martín de Mayorga Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mat%C3%ADas_de_G%C3%A1lvez_y_Gallardo" title="Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo">Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez" title="Bernardo de Gálvez">Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Haro_y_Peralta" title="Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta">Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Antonio_Fl%C3%B3rez" title="Manuel Antonio Flórez">Manuel Antonio Flores Maldonado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV</a> (1789–1809)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Vicente_de_G%C3%BCemes,_2nd_Count_of_Revillagigedo" title="Juan Vicente de Güemes, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo">Juan Vicente de Güemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_la_Gr%C3%BAa_Talamanca,_1st_Marquess_of_Branciforte" title="Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca, 1st Marquess of Branciforte">Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Jos%C3%A9_de_Azanza,_1st_Duke_of_Santa_Fe" title="Miguel José de Azanza, 1st Duke of Santa Fe">Miguel José de Azanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Berenguer_de_Marquina" title="Félix Berenguer de Marquina">Félix Berenguer de Marquina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Iturrigaray" title="José de Iturrigaray">José de Iturrigaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Garibay" title="Pedro de Garibay">Pedro de Garibay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII</a> (1809–1821)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_de_Lizana_y_Beaumont" title="Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont">Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Venegas" title="Francisco Javier Venegas">Francisco Javier Venegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Mar%C3%ADa_Calleja_del_Rey" title="Félix María Calleja del Rey">Félix María Calleja del Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ruiz_de_Apodaca,_1st_Count_of_Venadito" title="Juan Ruiz de Apodaca, 1st Count of Venadito">Juan José Ruiz de Apodaca y Eliza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Novella_Azabal_P%C3%A9rez_y_Sicardo" title="Francisco Novella Azabal Pérez y Sicardo">Francisco Novella Azabal Pérez y Sicardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_O%27Donoj%C3%BA" title="Juan O'Donojú">Juan O'Donojú y O'Ryan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441300#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441300#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441300#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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