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Giáp long xương kết – Wikipedia tiếng Việt

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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Đăng nhập</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ cá nhân" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ cá nhân</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Bảng chọn thành viên" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=vi.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=vi"><span>Quyên góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:M%E1%BB%9F_t%C3%A0i_kho%E1%BA%A3n&amp;returnto=Gi%C3%A1p+long+x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+k%E1%BA%BFt" title="Bạn được khuyến khích mở tài khoản và đăng nhập; tuy nhiên, không bắt buộc phải có tài khoản"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Tạo tài khoản</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C4%83ng_nh%E1%BA%ADp&amp;returnto=Gi%C3%A1p+long+x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+k%E1%BA%BFt" title="Đăng nhập sẽ có lợi hơn, tuy nhiên không bắt buộc. 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này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Đặc_điểm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Đặc_điểm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Đặc điểm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Đặc_điểm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phân_loại" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phân_loại"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Phân loại</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phân_loại-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Hiện/ẩn mục Phân loại</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phân_loại-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phân_loại_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phân_loại_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Phân loại</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phân_loại_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phát_sinh_loài" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phát_sinh_loài"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Phát sinh loài</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phát_sinh_loài-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dòng_thời_gian_phát_hiện_các_loài" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dòng_thời_gian_phát_hiện_các_loài"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Dòng thời gian phát hiện các loài</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dòng_thời_gian_phát_hiện_các_loài-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niên_đại_địa_chất_phát_hiện_các_loài" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niên_đại_địa_chất_phát_hiện_các_loài"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Niên đại địa chất phát hiện các loài</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niên_đại_địa_chất_phát_hiện_các_loài-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chú_thích" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chú_thích"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chú thích</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chú_thích-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Giáp long xương kết</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 26 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae – Tiếng Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nodosauridae" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9" title="عظايا مدملكة – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عظايا مدملكة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodos%C3%A0urids" title="Nodosàurids – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nodosàurids" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nodosauridae" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nodosauridae" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nodosauridae" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nodosauridae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="برجسته‌خزندگان – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برجسته‌خزندگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nodosauridae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae – Tiếng Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nodosauridae" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nodosauridae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%96%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="נודוזאוריים – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נודוזאוריים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae – Tiếng Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nodosauridae" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nodosauridae" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%89%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E7%A7%91" title="ノドサウルス科 – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノドサウルス科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodozaury" title="Nodozaury – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nodozaury" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nodosauridae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Нодозавриды – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нодозавриды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nodosauridae" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosaury" title="Nodosaury – Tiếng Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nodosaury" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Нодосаури – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нодосаури" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridi" title="Nodosauridi – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nodosauridi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodulipanssarisel%C3%A4t" title="Nodulipanssariselät – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nodulipanssariselät" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosaurider" title="Nodosaurider – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nodosaurider" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Нодозаврові – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нодозаврові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E7%AF%80%E9%BE%8D%E7%A7%91" title="結節龍科 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="結節龍科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134193#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Không gian tên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt" title="Xem bài viết [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bài viết</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn:Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt" rel="discussion" title="Thảo luận về trang này [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Thảo luận</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Công cụ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tác vụ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;action=history"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chung </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%C3%A2y/Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt" title="Các trang liên kết đến đây [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Các liên kết đến đây</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_li%C3%AAn_quan/Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt" rel="nofollow" title="Thay đổi gần đây của các trang liên kết đến đây [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Thay đổi liên quan</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Trang_%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t" title="Một danh sách chứa tất cả trang đặc biệt [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Trang đặc biệt</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;oldid=69387252" title="Liên kết thường trực đến phiên bản này của trang"><span>Liên kết thường trực</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;action=info" title="Thêm chi tiết về trang này"><span>Thông tin trang</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Tr%C3%ADch_d%E1%BA%ABn&amp;page=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;id=69387252&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hướng dẫn cách trích dẫn trang này"><span>Trích dẫn trang này</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGi%25C3%25A1p_long_x%25C6%25B0%25C6%25A1ng_k%25E1%25BA%25BFt"><span>Lấy URL ngắn gọn</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:QrKodu&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGi%25C3%25A1p_long_x%25C6%25B0%25C6%25A1ng_k%25E1%25BA%25BFt"><span>Tải mã QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In và xuất </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Gi%C3%A1p+long+x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+k%E1%BA%BFt"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nodosauridae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134193" title="Liên kết đến khoản mục kết nối trong kho dữ liệu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Khoản mục Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Giao diện</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox taxobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:12px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.1em;font-size:135%;font-weight:bold;color:black;background: rgb(235,235,210);">Nodosauridae</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Thời điểm hóa thạch: Cuối <a href="/wiki/K%E1%BB%B7_Jura" title="Kỷ Jura">kỷ Jura</a> - Cuối <a href="/wiki/K%E1%BB%B7_Creta" class="mw-redirect" title="Kỷ Creta">kỷ Creta</a>, <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">155–66&#160;<a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">triệu năm</a> trước đây</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin:6px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:208.07692307692px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,214,123); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%9Di_k%E1%BB%B3_Ti%E1%BB%81n_Cambri" title="Thời kỳ Tiền Cambri">TiềnЄ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,170,114); left:36.892307692308px; width:18.818461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambrian">Є</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,169,138); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(166,223,197); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" class="mw-redirect" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(221,150,81); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(63,174,173); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" class="mw-redirect" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,88,60); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" class="mw-redirect" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(153,78,150); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.126830769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" class="mw-redirect" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,187,231); left:151.86769230769px; width:19.055384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(111,180,107); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,161,99); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,221,45); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9188307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" class="mw-redirect" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:167.53846153846px; width:30.123076923077px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:167.53846153846px; width:30.123076923077px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:168.53846153846px; width:28.123076923077px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Edmontonia_dinosaur.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Edmontonia_dinosaur.png/280px-Edmontonia_dinosaur.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Edmontonia_dinosaur.png/420px-Edmontonia_dinosaur.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Edmontonia_dinosaur.png/560px-Edmontonia_dinosaur.png 2x" data-file-width="1283" data-file-height="659" /></a></span><div style="padding:5px">Phục dựng lại <i><a href="/wiki/Edmontonia" title="Edmontonia">Edmontonia</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;background: rgb(235,235,210);"><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_lo%E1%BA%A1i_sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Phân loại sinh học">Phân loại khoa học</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Giới (sinh học)">Giới</a> <small>(<i>regnum</i>)</small></th><td><a href="/wiki/Animalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%A0nh_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Ngành (sinh học)">Ngành</a> <small>(<i>phylum</i>)</small></th><td><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_c%C3%B3_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_s%E1%BB%91ng" title="Động vật có xương sống">Chordata</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(không phân hạng)</span></th><td><a href="/wiki/Kh%E1%BB%A7ng_long" title="Khủng long">Dinosauria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Bộ (sinh học)">Bộ</a> <small>(<i>ordo</i>)</small></th><td>†<a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_b%E1%BB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Phân bộ">Phân bộ</a> <small>(<i>subordo</i>)</small></th><td>†<a href="/wiki/Thyreophora" title="Thyreophora">Thyreophora</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_th%E1%BB%A9_b%E1%BB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Phân thứ bộ">Phân thứ bộ</a> <small>(<i>infraordo</i>)</small></th><td>†<a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">Ankylosauria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Họ (sinh học)">Họ</a> <small>(<i>familia</i>)</small></th><td>†<b>Nodosauridae</b><br /><span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Othniel_Charles_Marsh" title="Othniel Charles Marsh">Marsh</a>, 1890</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;background: rgb(235,235,210);">Các chi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div align="left"> Trong bài</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;background: rgb(235,235,210);"><a href="/wiki/Danh_ph%C3%A1p_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_ngh%C4%A9a_(ph%C3%A2n_lo%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" class="mw-redirect" title="Danh pháp đồng nghĩa (phân loại học)">Danh pháp đồng nghĩa</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div align="left"> <p><b>Acanthopholididae</b> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Nopcsa_von_Fels%C5%91-Szilv%C3%A1s&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás (trang không tồn tại)">Nopcsa</a>, 1902</small><br /> <b>Acanthopholidae</b> <small>Nopcsa, 1917</small><br /> <b>Acanthopolidae</b> <small>Nopcsa, 1923 <i>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapsus_calami&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapsus calami (trang không tồn tại)">lapsus calami</a>)</i></small><br /> <b>Hylaeosauridae</b> <small>Nopcsa, 1902</small><br /> <b>Polacanthidae</b> <small>Wieland, 1911</small> <b>Palaeoscincidae</b> <small>Nopcsa, 1918</small><br /> <b>Panoplosauridae</b> <small>Nopcsa, 1929</small><br /> <b>Struthiosauridae</b> <small>Kuhn, 1966</small><br /> </p> <b>Edmontoniidae</b> <small>Bakker, 1988</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Edmontonia_model.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Edmontonia_model.jpg/230px-Edmontonia_model.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Edmontonia_model.jpg/345px-Edmontonia_model.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Edmontonia_model.jpg/460px-Edmontonia_model.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Edmontonia" title="Edmontonia">Edmontonia</a></i> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Tyrrell_Museum_of_Palaeontology&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology (trang không tồn tại)">Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nodosauridae</b> là một họ <a href="/wiki/Kh%E1%BB%A7ng_long" title="Khủng long">khủng long</a> <a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">ankylosauria</a>, sống từ đầu <a href="/wiki/K%E1%BB%B7_Jura" title="Kỷ Jura">kỷ Jura</a> tới cuối <a href="/wiki/K%E1%BB%B7_Creta" class="mw-redirect" title="Kỷ Creta">kỷ Creta</a>, chúng từng sống ở nơi mà ngày nay là&#160;<a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_M%E1%BB%B9" title="Bắc Mỹ">Bắc Mỹ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2u_%C3%81" title="Châu Á">châu Á</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nam_C%E1%BB%B1c" title="Nam Cực">Nam Cực</a> và <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2u_%C3%82u" title="Châu Âu">Châu Âu</a>. Chúng không có đuôi trùy, thay vào đố là các gai nhọn ở đầu và vai. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Đặc_điểm"><span id=".C4.90.E1.BA.B7c_.C4.91i.E1.BB.83m"></span>Đặc điểm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Đặc điểm”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Đặc điểm"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nodosauridae được dự đoán là có những đặc điểm sau: bướu lồi hình tròn trên ổ mắt, <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%E1%BB%8Fi_c%E1%BA%A7u_ch%E1%BA%A9m&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lỏi cầu chẩm (trang không tồn tại)">lỏi cầu chẩm</a> derived from only the basioccipital and ornamentation present on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Premaxilla&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Premaxilla (trang không tồn tại)">premaxilla</a>. Đặc điểm thứ tư còn chưa rõ ràng: mỏm cùng vai, giống như một cái u. Tất cả các nodosauridae, giống như các <a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">ankylosauria</a> khác, đều trông rất nặng nề, có kích cỡ từ trung bình đến lớn, đều là những <a href="/wiki/Kh%E1%BB%A7ng_long" title="Khủng long">khủng long</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_%C4%83n_c%E1%BB%8F" title="Động vật ăn cỏ">ăn cỏ</a> đi bằng <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_b%E1%BB%91n_ch%C3%A2n" title="Động vật bốn chân">bốn chân</a>sở hữu hàm răng với những chiếc răng nhỏ và <a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Da xương (trang không tồn tại)">da xương</a> (một loại áo giáp) được bao phủ trên bề mặt lưng dọc theo cơ thể. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phân_loại"><span id="Ph.C3.A2n_lo.E1.BA.A1i"></span>Phân loại</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sửa đổi phần “Phân loại”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Phân loại"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phân_loại_2"><span id="Ph.C3.A2n_lo.E1.BA.A1i_2"></span>Phân loại</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sửa đổi phần “Phân loại”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Phân loại"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Họ Nodosauridae được đề xuất bởi <a href="/wiki/Othniel_Charles_Marsh" title="Othniel Charles Marsh">Othniel Charles Marsh</a> vào năm 1890, và bao gồm chi <i><a href="/wiki/Nodosaurus" title="Nodosaurus">Nodosaurus</a></i>. Phân loại sau đây cua Thómson và các cộng sự, năm 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-ThompsonEtAl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThompsonEtAl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Họ Nodosauridae</b> <ul><li>?<i><a href="/wiki/Aletopelta" title="Aletopelta">Aletopelta</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)<sup id="cite_ref-MEB08_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEB08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animantarx" title="Animantarx">Animantarx</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antarctopelta" title="Antarctopelta">Antarctopelta</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Ross_Island&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Ross Island (trang không tồn tại)">James Ross Island</a>, đông bắc <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarctic_Peninsula&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Antarctic Peninsula (trang không tồn tại)">Antarctic Peninsula</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edmontonia" title="Edmontonia">Edmontonia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glyptodontopelta" title="Glyptodontopelta">Glyptodontopelta</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)<sup id="cite_ref-MEB08_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEB08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mymoorapelta" title="Mymoorapelta">Mymoorapelta</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, trung tâm Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Niobrarasaurus" title="Niobrarasaurus">Niobrarasaurus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nodosaurus" title="Nodosaurus">Nodosaurus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> và <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panoplosaurus" title="Panoplosaurus">Panoplosaurus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> và <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pawpawsaurus" title="Pawpawsaurus">Pawpawsaurus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peloroplites" title="Peloroplites">Peloroplites</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)<sup id="cite_ref-kirkland_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Propanoplosaurus" title="Propanoplosaurus">Propanoplosaurus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, đông Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sauropelta" title="Sauropelta">Sauropelta</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> và <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silvisaurus" title="Silvisaurus">Silvisaurus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stegopelta" title="Stegopelta">Stegopelta</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatankacephalus" title="Tatankacephalus">Tatankacephalus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Texasetes" title="Texasetes">Texasetes</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhejiangosaurus" title="Zhejiangosaurus">Zhejiangosaurus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFt_Giang" title="Chiết Giang">Chiết Giang</a>, đông Trung Quốc)</li> <li>Phân họ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polacanthinae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polacanthinae (trang không tồn tại)">Polacanthinae</a><sup id="cite_ref-carpenter-2001_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carpenter-2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Theo<small> Kirkland và cộng sự (2013) tên chính thức là </small>&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polacanthidae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polacanthidae (trang không tồn tại)">Polacanthidae</a><small>.<sup id="cite_ref-kirkland_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></small> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gargoyleosaurus" title="Gargoyleosaurus">Gargoyleosaurus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=GastoniaGastonia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="GastoniaGastonia (trang không tồn tại)">GastoniaGastonia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, tây Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoplitosaurus" title="Hoplitosaurus">Hoplitosaurus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>, trung tâm Bắc Mỹ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylaeosaurus" title="Hylaeosaurus">Hylaeosaurus</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sussex&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sussex (trang không tồn tại)">Sussex</a>, nam nước <a href="/wiki/Anh" title="Anh">Anh</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-kirkland_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polacanthus" title="Polacanthus">Polacanthus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> và <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sussex&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sussex (trang không tồn tại)">Sussex</a>, nam nước <a href="/wiki/Anh" title="Anh">Anh</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Phân họ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Struthiosaurinae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Struthiosaurinae (trang không tồn tại)">Struthiosaurinae</a> (Châu Âu)<sup id="cite_ref-kirkland_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anoplosaurus" title="Anoplosaurus">Anoplosaurus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Anh" title="Anh">Anh</a>, tây bắc châu Âu)<sup id="cite_ref-kirkland_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europelta" title="Europelta">Europelta</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ban_Nha" title="Tây Ban Nha">Tây Ban Nha</a>, tây nam châu Âu)<sup id="cite_ref-kirkland_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hungarosaurus" title="Hungarosaurus">Hungarosaurus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, Trung và Nâm Âu)<sup id="cite_ref-kirkland_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Struthiosaurus" title="Struthiosaurus">Struthiosaurus</a></i> (Trung và Nâm Âu)<sup id="cite_ref-kirkland_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">Dubious</a> Nodosaurids</b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthopholis" title="Acanthopholis">Acanthopholis</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_Anh_v%C3%A0_B%E1%BA%AFc_Ireland" title="Vương quốc Liên hiệp Anh và Bắc Ireland">Vương quốc Anh</a>, Tây Âu)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palaeoscincus" title="Palaeoscincus">Palaeoscincus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phát_sinh_loài"><span id="Ph.C3.A1t_sinh_lo.C3.A0i"></span>Phát sinh loài</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sửa đổi phần “Phát sinh loài”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Phát sinh loài"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nodosauridae được định nghĩa lần đầu tiên bởi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Sereno&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Sereno (trang không tồn tại)">Paul Sereno</a> năm 1998, là "tất cả các ankylosauria có quan hệ họ hàng gần với <i><a href="/wiki/Panoplosaurus" title="Panoplosaurus">Panoplosaurus</a></i> hơn là với <i><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurus" title="Ankylosaurus">Ankylosaurus</a></i>," một định nghĩa theo sau đó của Vickaryous, Maryanska, và Weishampel năm 2004. Hai <a href="/wiki/Chi_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Chi (sinh học)">chi</a> nodosauridae: Struthiosaurus và Animantarx bị Vickaryous coi là những vị trí chưa chắc chắn (<i><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">incertae sedis</a></i>):, <i>Cedarpelta </i>được cho là thành viên nguyên thủy nhất của Nodosauridae.<sup id="cite_ref-vickaryousetal2004_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vickaryousetal2004-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cây phát sinh loài dưới đây hầu hết dựa trên một phân tích từ năm 2011 bởi các nhà cổ sinh vật học như Richard S. Thompson, Jolyon C. Parish, Susannah C. R. Maidment và Paul M. Barrett.<sup id="cite_ref-ThompsonEtAl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThompsonEtAl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sắp xếp dưới đây của <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polacanthinae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polacanthinae (trang không tồn tại)">Polacanthinae</a> dựa trên định nghĩa của Kenneth Carpenter, 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-carpenter-2001_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carpenter-2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68144032">.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:80%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Nodosauridae</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144032"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Antarctopelta" title="Antarctopelta">Antarctopelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144032"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144032"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Mymoorapelta" title="Mymoorapelta">Mymoorapelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144032"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Hylaeosaurus" title="Hylaeosaurus">Hylaeosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Anoplosaurus" title="Anoplosaurus">Anoplosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144032"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tatankacephalus" title="Tatankacephalus">Tatankacephalus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polacanthus_rudgwickensis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polacanthus rudgwickensis (trang không tồn tại)">Polacanthus rudgwickensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polacanthinae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polacanthinae (trang không tồn tại)">Polacanthinae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144032"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gargoyleosaurus" title="Gargoyleosaurus">Gargoyleosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Hoplitosaurus" title="Hoplitosaurus">Hoplitosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144032"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gastonia_(dinosaur)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gastonia (dinosaur) (trang không tồn tại)">Gastonia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144032"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Peloroplites" title="Peloroplites">Peloroplites</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Polacanthus" title="Polacanthus">Polacanthus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144032"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144032"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Struthiosaurus" title="Struthiosaurus">Struthiosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Zhejiangosaurus" title="Zhejiangosaurus">Zhejiangosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144032"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Hungarosaurus" title="Hungarosaurus">Hungarosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144032"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Animantarx" title="Animantarx">Animantarx</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144032"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Niobrarasaurus" title="Niobrarasaurus">Niobrarasaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nodosaurus" title="Nodosaurus">Nodosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pawpawsaurus" title="Pawpawsaurus">Pawpawsaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sauropelta" title="Sauropelta">Sauropelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Silvisaurus" title="Silvisaurus">Silvisaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Stegopelta" title="Stegopelta">Stegopelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Texasetes" title="Texasetes">Texasetes</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144032"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Edmontonia" title="Edmontonia">Edmontonia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Panoplosaurus" title="Panoplosaurus">Panoplosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dòng_thời_gian_phát_hiện_các_loài"><span id="D.C3.B2ng_th.E1.BB.9Di_gian_ph.C3.A1t_hi.E1.BB.87n_c.C3.A1c_lo.C3.A0i"></span>Dòng thời gian phát hiện các loài</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sửa đổi phần “Dòng thời gian phát hiện các loài”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Dòng thời gian phát hiện các loài"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_mtsl2olccbe25kaw7pf2r7wdlk57oek"><area 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coords="205,38,263,62" title="1860s in paleontology" alt="1860s in paleontology" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/1850s_in_paleontology" coords="151,38,209,62" title="1850s in paleontology" alt="1850s in paleontology" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/1840s_in_paleontology" coords="97,38,156,62" title="1840s in paleontology" alt="1840s in paleontology" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/1830s_in_paleontology" coords="44,38,102,62" title="1830s in paleontology" alt="1830s in paleontology" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/1820s_in_paleontology" coords="1,38,59,62" title="1820s in paleontology" alt="1820s in paleontology" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_mtsl2olccbe25kaw7pf2r7wdlk57oek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/vi/timeline/mtsl2olccbe25kaw7pf2r7wdlk57oek.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Niên_đại_địa_chất_phát_hiện_các_loài"><span id="Ni.C3.AAn_.C4.91.E1.BA.A1i_.C4.91.E1.BB.8Ba_ch.E1.BA.A5t_ph.C3.A1t_hi.E1.BB.87n_c.C3.A1c_lo.C3.A0i"></span><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%AAn_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Niên đại địa chất">Niên đại địa chất</a> phát hiện các loài</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sửa đổi phần “Niên đại địa chất phát hiện các loài”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Niên đại địa chất phát hiện các loài"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sự xuất hiện gần như đồng thời của nodosauridae ở cả Bắc Mỹ và châu Âu là việc đáng phải quan tâm. <i>Europelta</i> là nodosauridae cổ nhất ở châu Âu, nó được tìm thấy dưới <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_h%E1%BB%87_Escucha" title="Thành hệ Escucha">Thành hệ Escucha</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Albia (trang không tồn tại)">Albian</a>. Nodosauridae cổ nhất ở tây Bắc Mỹ là chi <i>Sauropelta</i>, từ Little Sheep Mudstone Member tầng Albian của <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_h%E1%BB%87_Cloverly" title="Thành hệ Cloverly">Thành hệ Cloverly</a>, có độ tuổi của 108,5 ± 0,2 triệu năm. Hóa thạch ở đông Bắc Mỹ có vẻ có độ tuổi lâu hơn. Răng của Priconodon crassus ở <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A0nh_h%E1%BB%87_Arundel_Clay&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thành hệ Arundel Clay (trang không tồn tại)">Thành hệ Arundel Clay</a> trong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potomac_Group&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Potomac Group (trang không tồn tại)">nhóm Potomac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, được xác định niên đại ở ranh giới Aptian–Albian. Propanoplosaurus từ tầng đáy của <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patuxent_Formation&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Patuxent Formation (trang không tồn tại)">Thành hệ Patuxent</a>, được xác định niên đaị từ cuối bậc <a href="/wiki/Aptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aptian">Aptian</a>, là nodosauridae cổ nhất được biết đến.<sup id="cite_ref-kirkland_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Polacanthidae được biết đến bởi nó là động vật từ tiền tầng Aptian, đã từng xuất hiện ở cả châu Âu và Bắc Mỹ. Niên đại địa chất của nodosauridae trên cả hai châu lục chỉ ra rằng tổ tiên của chúng xuất hiện trước khi Bắc Mỹ và châu Âu tách khỏi nhau, đẩy niên đại tiến hóa của nhóm trở về ít nhất là từ giữa bậc Aptian. Việc tách họ Nodosauridae thành Struthiosaurinae ở châu Âu và <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodosaurinae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodosaurinae (trang không tồn tại)">Nodosaurinae</a> Bắc Mỹ vào cuối tầng Aptian bởi hại lục địa này sẽ bị tách biệt khỏi nhau khi mà mực nước biển ngày càng dâng cao.<sup id="cite_ref-kirkland_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p> Dưới đây là bảng về sự chênh lệch niên đại giữa các loài ở hai châu lục. Nodosauridae Bắc Mỹ là màu xanh mòng két, nodosauridae châu Âu là màu xanh lục, polacanthidae châu Âu là màu xanh lá mạ và polacanthidae Bắc Mỹ màu nâu. Nodosauridae hoặc polacanthidae khác có màu đen. Bảng này được xác định nhờ các nghiên cứu của Kirkland và cộng sự.<i>.</i> (2013).<sup id="cite_ref-kirkland_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_8kbmsfugpop4csouvpger583dl6m6ff"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Cretaceous" coords="439,510,544,534" title="Cretaceous" alt="Cretaceous" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Jurassic" coords="108,510,200,534" title="Jurassic" alt="Jurassic" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" coords="572,482,637,506" title="Late Cretaceous" alt="Late Cretaceous" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" coords="371,482,442,506" title="Early Cretaceous" alt="Early Cretaceous" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" coords="217,482,282,506" title="Late Jurassic" alt="Late Jurassic" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Middle_Jurassic" coords="137,482,216,506" title="Middle 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/><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Early_Jurassic" coords="46,39,117,63" title="Early Jurassic" alt="Early Jurassic" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_8kbmsfugpop4csouvpger583dl6m6ff" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/vi/timeline/8kbmsfugpop4csouvpger583dl6m6ff.png" /></div> <ul><li><small>James Kirkland cho rằng <i>Mymoorapelta</i>, <i>Gargoyleosaurus</i>, <i>Hylaeosaurus</i>, <i>Polacanthus</i>, <i>Hoplitosaurus</i> and <i>Gastonia</i> thuộc Polacanthids, nằm ngoài Nodosauridae.<sup id="cite_ref-kirkland_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chú_thích"><span id="Ch.C3.BA_th.C3.ADch"></span>Chú thích</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sửa đổi phần “Chú thích”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Chú thích"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ThompsonEtAl-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ThompsonEtAl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ThompsonEtAl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67233549">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"“""”""‘""’"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFRichard_S._Thompson,_Jolyon_C._Parish,_Susannah_C._R._Maidment_and_Paul_M._Barrett2011" class="citation journal cs1">Richard S. Thompson, Jolyon C. Parish, Susannah C. R. Maidment and Paul M. Barrett (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14772019.2011.569091">“Phylogeny of the ankylosaurian dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)”</a>. <i>Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 301–312. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14772019.2011.569091">10.1080/14772019.2011.569091</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Systematic+Palaeontology&amp;rft.atitle=Phylogeny+of+the+ankylosaurian+dinosaurs+%28Ornithischia%3A+Thyreophora%29&amp;rft.volume=10&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=301-312&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14772019.2011.569091&amp;rft.au=Richard+S.+Thompson%2C+Jolyon+C.+Parish%2C+Susannah+C.+R.+Maidment+and+Paul+M.+Barrett&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F14772019.2011.569091&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AGi%C3%A1p+long+x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+k%E1%BA%BFt" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">Quản lý CS1: nhiều tên: danh sách tác giả (<a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Qu%E1%BA%A3n_l%C3%BD_CS1:_nhi%E1%BB%81u_t%C3%AAn:_danh_s%C3%A1ch_t%C3%A1c_gi%E1%BA%A3" title="Thể loại:Quản lý CS1: nhiều tên: danh sách tác giả">liên kết</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEB08-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MEB08_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MEB08_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2008" class="citation journal cs1">Burns, Michael E. (2008). “Taxonomic utility of ankylosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) osteoderms: <i>Glyptodontopelta mimus</i> Ford, 2000: a test case”. <i>Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</i>. <b>28</b> (4): 1102–1109. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1671%2F0272-4634-28.4.1102">10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&amp;rft.atitle=Taxonomic+utility+of+ankylosaur+%28Dinosauria%2C+Ornithischia%29+osteoderms%3A+Glyptodontopelta+mimus+Ford%2C+2000%3A+a+test+case&amp;rft.volume=28&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=1102-1109&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1671%2F0272-4634-28.4.1102&amp;rft.aulast=Burns&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AGi%C3%A1p+long+x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+k%E1%BA%BFt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kirkland-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kirkland_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirkland_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirkland_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirkland_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirkland_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirkland_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirkland_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirkland_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirkland_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirkland_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirkland_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirkland_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0080405">10.1371/journal.pone.0080405</a><br /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:Ch%C3%BA_th%C3%ADch_DOI/10.1371/journal.pone.0080405&amp;preload=Bản_mẫu:Chú_thích_DOI/preload&amp;editintro=Bản_mẫu:Chú_thích_DOI/editintro&amp;action=edit">Hoàn thành chú thích này</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carpenter-2001-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-carpenter-2001_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carpenter-2001_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter_K2001" class="citation book cs1">Carpenter K (2001). “Phylogenetic analysis of the Ankylosauria”. Trong Carpenter, Kenneth (biên tập). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armoreddinosaurs0000unse_u1v7"><i>The Armored Dinosaurs</i></a>. Indiana University Press. tr.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armoreddinosaurs0000unse_u1v7/page/455">455</a>–484. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/0-253-33964-2" title="Đặc biệt:Nguồn sách/0-253-33964-2"><bdi>0-253-33964-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+analysis+of+the+Ankylosauria&amp;rft.btitle=The+Armored+Dinosaurs&amp;rft.pages=455-484&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=0-253-33964-2&amp;rft.au=Carpenter+K&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farmoreddinosaurs0000unse_u1v7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AGi%C3%A1p+long+x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+k%E1%BA%BFt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vickaryousetal2004-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vickaryousetal2004_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Vickaryous, M. K., Maryanska, T., and Weishampel, D. B. (2004). Chapter Seventeen: Ankylosauria. in The Dinosauria (2nd edition), Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H., editors. University of California Press.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/14px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/27px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> Dữ liệu liên quan tới <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gi%C3%A1p_long_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_k%E1%BA%BFt" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Giáp long xương kết">Giáp long xương kết</a> tại <a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a></li> <li>Carpenter, K. (2001). "Phylogenetic analysis of the Ankylosauria." In Carpenter, K., (ed.) 2001: <i>The Armored Dinosaurs</i>. Indiana University Press, Bloomington &amp; Indianapolis, 2001, pp. xv-526</li> <li>Osi, Attila (2005). <i>Hungarosaurus tormai</i>, a new ankylosaur (Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Hungary. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(2):370-383, June 2003.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71936381">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70981351">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons có thêm hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nodosauridae?uselang=vi">Giáp long xương kết</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71922045">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Cổng thông tin" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tyrannoskull.jpg/32px-Tyrannoskull.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tyrannoskull.jpg/48px-Tyrannoskull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tyrannoskull.jpg/64px-Tyrannoskull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4095" data-file-height="3058" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%95ng_th%C3%B4ng_tin:Dinosaurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Cổng thông tin:Dinosaurs">Cổng thông tin Dinosaurs</a></span></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐cc877b49b‐g88fx Cached time: 20241127132858 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.639 seconds Real time usage: 0.886 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 11007/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 109556/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 11049/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 25/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 61727/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.243/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3525348/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 695.188 1 -total 81.79% 568.577 15 Bản_mẫu:Clade 37.39% 259.961 1 Bản_mẫu:Bảng_phân_loại 33.65% 233.943 1 Bản_mẫu:Hộp_thông_tin 23.41% 162.764 1 Bản_mẫu:Fossilrange 21.95% 152.625 1 Bản_mẫu:Phanerozoic_220px 21.35% 148.434 1 Bản_mẫu:Tham_khảo 16.07% 111.732 11 Bản_mẫu:Fossil_range/bar 15.37% 106.864 34 Bản_mẫu:Period_start 14.65% 101.841 2 Bản_mẫu:Chú_thích_tạp_chí --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key viwiki:pcache:3172158:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241127132858 and revision id 69387252. 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