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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Osnove_serijske_komunikacije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osnove_serijske_komunikacije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Osnove serijske komunikacije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osnove_serijske_komunikacije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osnove_funkcionalnosti_PPP_protokola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osnove_funkcionalnosti_PPP_protokola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Osnove funkcionalnosti PPP protokola</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Osnove_funkcionalnosti_PPP_protokola-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Osnove funkcionalnosti PPP protokola</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Osnove_funkcionalnosti_PPP_protokola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ovijanje_protokola_mrežnog_sloja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ovijanje_protokola_mrežnog_sloja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ovijanje protokola mrežnog sloja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ovijanje_protokola_mrežnog_sloja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upravljanje_vezom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upravljanje_vezom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Upravljanje vezom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upravljanje_vezom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interakcija_s_mrežnim_slojem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interakcija_s_mrežnim_slojem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Interakcija s mrežnim slojem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interakcija_s_mrežnim_slojem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podesivost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podesivost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Podesivost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podesivost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ovijanje_PPP_protokola_i_sadržaj_paketa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ovijanje_PPP_protokola_i_sadržaj_paketa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ovijanje PPP protokola i sadržaj paketa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ovijanje_PPP_protokola_i_sadržaj_paketa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Ovijanje PPP protokola i sadržaj paketa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ovijanje_PPP_protokola_i_sadržaj_paketa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ovijanje_PPP_paketa_na_nižem_OSI_sloju" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ovijanje_PPP_paketa_na_nižem_OSI_sloju"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ovijanje PPP paketa na nižem OSI sloju</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ovijanje_PPP_paketa_na_nižem_OSI_sloju-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LCP_i_NCP_upravljački_protokoli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LCP_i_NCP_upravljački_protokoli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>LCP i NCP upravljački protokoli</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-LCP_i_NCP_upravljački_protokoli-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju LCP i NCP upravljački protokoli</span> </button> <ul id="toc-LCP_i_NCP_upravljački_protokoli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-LCP_protokol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LCP_protokol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>LCP protokol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LCP_protokol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NCP_protokol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NCP_protokol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>NCP protokol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NCP_protokol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dijagram_stanja_PPP_protokola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dijagram_stanja_PPP_protokola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dijagram stanja PPP protokola</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dijagram_stanja_PPP_protokola-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Dijagram stanja PPP protokola</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dijagram_stanja_PPP_protokola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Faza_prekinutosti_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faza_prekinutosti_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Faza prekinutosti veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faza_prekinutosti_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faza_uspostavljanja_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faza_uspostavljanja_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Faza uspostavljanja veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faza_uspostavljanja_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faza_autorizacije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faza_autorizacije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Faza autorizacije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faza_autorizacije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mrežna_faza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mrežna_faza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Mrežna faza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mrežna_faza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faza_prekidanja_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faza_prekidanja_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Faza prekidanja veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faza_prekidanja_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sadržaj" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">PPP</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 38 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بروتوكول الربط بين نقطتين — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروتوكول الربط بين نقطتين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP_(protokol)" title="PPP (protokol) — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="PPP (protokol)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87" title="قرارداد نقطه‌به‌نقطه — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قرارداد نقطه‌به‌نقطه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP_(tiedonsiirtoprotokolla)" title="PPP (tiedonsiirtoprotokolla) — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="PPP (tiedonsiirtoprotokolla)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP" title="PPP — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="PPP" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP" title="PPP — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="PPP" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%90%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%90_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%9C" title="점대점 프로토콜 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="점대점 프로토콜" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP" title="PPP — Kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="PPP" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Limburgiš" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP" title="PPP — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="PPP" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP" title="PPP — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="PPP" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Протокол за директно поврзување на два мрежни јазла — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Протокол за директно поврзување на два мрежни јазла" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB)" title="PPP (сетевой протокол) — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="PPP (сетевой протокол)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokol_od_to%C4%8Dke_do_to%C4%8Dke" title="Protokol od točke do točke — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Protokol od točke do točke" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5" title="พีพีพี — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พีพีพี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protokol" title="Point-to-Point Protokol — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Point-to-Point Protokol" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP" title="PPP — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="PPP" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP_(giao_th%E1%BB%A9c)" title="PPP (giao thức) — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="PPP (giao thức)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol — Jorubanski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Point-to-Point Protocol" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Jorubanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%B9%E7%82%B9%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="点对点协议 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="点对点协议" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215179#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredite jezičke veze" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/PPP" title="Vidi stranicu sadržaja [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:PPP&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovarajte o sadržini ove stranice (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Latinica</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-sh-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&variant=sh-latn" lang="sh-Latn" hreflang="sh-Latn"><span>Latinica</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-sh-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&variant=sh-cyrl" lang="sh-Cyrl" hreflang="sh-Cyrl"><span>Ћирилица</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Teme"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/PPP"><span>Prikaži</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=history" title="Pogledajte prethodne verzije ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alatke" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alatke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/PPP"><span>Prikaži</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=history"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Opšte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovdje/PPP" title="Pogledajte listu svih stranica koje vode ovamo [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_izmjene/PPP" rel="nofollow" title="Prelistajte nedavne izmjene stranica koje su povezane s ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&oldid=40758985" title="Nabavite trajnu vezu do ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajna veza</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=info" title="Pronađite više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podaci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=PPP&id=40758985&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Saznajte kako da citirate ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPPP"><span>Skrati URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPPP"><span>Preuzmi QR kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=PPP"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=PPP&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&printable=yes" title="Odštampajte ovu stranicu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Odštampaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Point-to-point_protocol" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215179" title="Pogledajte povezanu stavku u skladištu podataka [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width: 18em;" width="250" align="right"> <caption style="font-size: larger; margin-bottom: 3px;"><b><a href="/wiki/IP" class="mw-redirect" title="IP">IP Model</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Sloj </th> <th>Protokol </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-right: 1em;" valign="top"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aplikacijski_sloj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aplikacijski sloj (stranica ne postoji)">Aplikacijski</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DNS" title="DNS">DNS</a>, <a href="/wiki/DHCP" title="DHCP">DHCP</a>, <a href="/wiki/TLS" class="mw-disambig" title="TLS">TLS/SSL</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=TFTP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TFTP (stranica ne postoji)">TFTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/FTP" title="FTP">FTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/IMAP" title="IMAP">IMAP</a>, <a href="/wiki/IRC" title="IRC">IRC</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=NNTP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NNTP (stranica ne postoji)">NNTP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=POP3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="POP3 (stranica ne postoji)">POP3</a>, <a href="/wiki/SIP" class="mw-disambig" title="SIP">SIP</a>, <a href="/wiki/SMTP" title="SMTP">SMTP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SNMP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SNMP (stranica ne postoji)">SNMP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secure_Shell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secure Shell (stranica ne postoji)">SSH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RTP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTP (stranica ne postoji)">RTP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rlogin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rlogin (stranica ne postoji)">rlogin</a>, … </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><b><a href="/wiki/Transportni_sloj" title="Transportni sloj">Transportni</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/TCP" class="mw-disambig" title="TCP">TCP</a>, <a href="/wiki/UDP" class="mw-disambig" title="UDP">UDP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=DCCP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DCCP (stranica ne postoji)">DCCP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SCTP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCTP (stranica ne postoji)">SCTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/IL" class="mw-disambig" title="IL">IL</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RUDP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RUDP (stranica ne postoji)">RUDP</a>, </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mre%C5%BEni_sloj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mrežni sloj (stranica ne postoji)">Mrežni</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Internet_protokol" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet protokol">IP</a> (<a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a>), <a href="/wiki/ICMP" class="mw-redirect" title="ICMP">ICMP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IGMP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGMP (stranica ne postoji)">IGMP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ARP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARP (stranica ne postoji)">ARP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RARP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RARP (stranica ne postoji)">RARP</a>, … </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podatkovni_sloj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Podatkovni sloj (stranica ne postoji)">Podatkovni</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Token_ring" title="Token ring">Token ring</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">PPP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SLIP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLIP (stranica ne postoji)">SLIP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=FDDI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FDDI (stranica ne postoji)">FDDI</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATM" title="ATM">ATM</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=DTM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DTM (stranica ne postoji)">DTM</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frame_Relay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frame Relay (stranica ne postoji)">Frame Relay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SMDS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SMDS (stranica ne postoji)">SMDS</a>, … </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>PPP</b> (<a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">engl</a>. <i>Point-to-Point Protocol</i>) koristi se za izravno povezivanje dvaju čvorova <a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalne_mre%C5%BEe" class="mw-redirect" title="Računalne mreže">računalne mreže</a>. Omogućuje povezivanje <a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Računalo">računala</a> serijskim, <a href="/wiki/Telefon" title="Telefon">telefonskim</a> ili optičkim kabelom, pomoću mobilnih telefona te posebno oblikovanom <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Satelit" class="mw-disambig" title="Satelit">satelitskom</a> vezom. Većina ISP (engl. <i>Internet Service Provider</i>) poslužitelja koristi ovaj protokol za omogućavanje pristupa <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internetu</a> preko telefonskog priupključka korištenjem <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modema</a> (engl. <i>dial-up</i>). LUgrađena (enoioouuiugl. <i>encapsulated</i>) inačica PPP protokola, tzv. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PPPoE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PPPoE (stranica ne postoji)">PPPoE</a> (engl. <i>Point-to-Point over Ethernet</i>) protokol, se na sličan način koristi kod <a href="/wiki/DSL" title="DSL">DSL</a> (engl. <i>Digital Subscriber Line</i>) pristupa Internetu. Kod ovog protokola se PPP podatkovni paketi umeću u <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> pakete. </p><p>PPP protokol se koristi na drugom, podatkovnom, sloju <a href="/w/index.php?title=OSI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSI (stranica ne postoji)">OSI</a> (engl. <i>Open System Interconnection</i>) mrežnog modela za povezivanje preko sinkronih i asinkronih veza. Ovaj je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protokol_(ra%C4%8Dunarstvo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protokol (računarstvo) (stranica ne postoji)">protokol</a> u velikoj mjeri zamijenio starije protokole, kakav je npr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=SLIP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLIP (stranica ne postoji)">SLIP</a> (engl. <i>Serial Line Internet Protocol</i>) protokol, i protokole telefonskih kompanija, kao što je <a href="/w/index.php?title=LABP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LABP (stranica ne postoji)">LABP</a> (engl. <i>Line Access Balanced Protocol</i>) protokol iz X.25 skupine protokola. PPP je građen tako da omogućuje rad s brojnim protokolima mrežnog sloja, uključujući IP (engl. <i>Internet Protocol</i>), IPX (engl. <i>Internetwork Packet Exchange</i>) i AppleTalk protokole. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Osnove_serijske_komunikacije">Osnove serijske komunikacije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Osnove serijske komunikacije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Osnove serijske komunikacije"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U kontekstu <a href="/wiki/Telekomunikacije" title="Telekomunikacije">telekomunikacije</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C4%8Dunalne_znanosti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Računalne znanosti (stranica ne postoji)">računalnih znanosti</a> pod pojmom serijske komunikacije podrazumijeva se prijenos podataka slijednim slanjem pojedinačnih bitova komunikacijskim medijem. Oprečan pristup ovome je paralelna komunikacija kod koje se svi <a href="/wiki/Bit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit">bitovi</a> pojedinog simbola šalju istovremeno. Zbog skupoće kablova i poteškoća sa sinkronizacijom signala serijski prijenos podataka koristi se za komunikaciju preko većih udaljenosti (eng. long-haul) i kod većine računalnih mreža. </p><p>Napredak <a href="/wiki/Tehnologija" title="Tehnologija">tehnologije</a> kojim se omogućuju veće brzine prijenosa kao i smanjenje broja priključaka, a samim time i cijene, razlog su sve češće primjene serijske komunikacije kod integriranih sklopova. Kod računalnih mreža pojedini bitovi koji tvore paket podatkovnog sloja OSI modela, šalju se posredstvom prvog sloja prema fizičkom mediju. </p><p>Podaci se fizičkim medijem prenose: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRZ-L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NRZ-L (stranica ne postoji)">NRZ-L</a> (engl. <i>Nonreturn to Zero Level</i>),</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DHB3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DHB3 (stranica ne postoji)">DHB3</a> (engl. <i>High Density Binary 3</i>) ili</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AMI (stranica ne postoji)">AMI</a> (engl. <i>Alternate Mark Inversion</i>) prijenosnim kodom.</li></ul> <p>Primjeri standarda koji definiraju serijsku komunikaciju su: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-232&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-232 (stranica ne postoji)">RS-232</a> (engl. <i>Recommended Standard 232</i>),</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V.35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V.35 (stranica ne postoji)">V.35</a> i</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HSSI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HSSI (stranica ne postoji)">HSSI</a> (engl. <i>High Speed Serial Interface</i>).</li></ul> <p>Serijski <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikacijski_kanal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komunikacijski kanal (stranica ne postoji)">komunikacijski kanal</a> moguće je dijeliti između više uređaja ispreplitanjem signala podjelom vremena (engl. <i>Time-Division Multiplexing</i> - TDM). <a href="/w/index.php?title=TDM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TDM (stranica ne postoji)">TDM</a> ispreplitanje omogućuje prijenos više <a href="/wiki/Signal" title="Signal">signala</a>, ili podataka iz više izvora, preko zajedničkog komunikacijskog kanala te rekonstrukciju izvornih podataka na odredištu. </p><p>Postupak ispreplitanja provodi se odabirom dijela ulaznih signala. To je najčešće jedan <a href="/wiki/Bit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit">bit</a> ili jedan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oktet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oktet (stranica ne postoji)">oktet</a> (engl. byte) svakog signala pa se TDM postupci dijele na: </p> <ul><li>one koji isprepliću bitove (engl. <i>bit-interleaving</i>) i</li> <li>one koji isprepliću oktete (engl. <i>byte-interleaving</i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Osnove_funkcionalnosti_PPP_protokola">Osnove funkcionalnosti PPP protokola</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Osnove funkcionalnosti PPP protokola" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Osnove funkcionalnosti PPP protokola"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PPP protokol namijenjen je jednostavnom povezivanju dvaju ravnopravnih korisnika dvosmjernom (engl. <i>full-duplex</i>) vezom koja omogućuje simultano dvosmjerno dostavljanje paketa redoslijedom kojim su poslani. Ovaj protokol omogućuje povezivanje različitih <a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Računalo">računala</a>, premosnika i usmjerivača, a njegove osnovne funkcionalnosti su: </p> <ul><li>ovijanje (engl. <i>encapsulation</i>) protokola mrežnog sloja,</li> <li>upravljanje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veza (stranica ne postoji)">vezom</a>,</li> <li>interakcija s mrežnim slojem i</li> <li>podesivost.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ovijanje_protokola_mrežnog_sloja"><span id="Ovijanje_protokola_mre.C5.BEnog_sloja"></span>Ovijanje protokola mrežnog sloja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Ovijanje protokola mrežnog sloja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ovijanje protokola mrežnog sloja"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ovijanje omogućuje istovremeni prijenos podatkovnih paketa različitih protokola preko iste veze. Postupak omatanja je osmišljen tako da podržava širok raspon arhitektura mrežnih uređaja. Ako se ovijanje izvodi korištenjem uobičajenog <a href="/w/index.php?title=HDLC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HDLC (stranica ne postoji)">HDLC</a> oblika podatkovnih paketa izvornim podacima dodaje se 8 okteta dodatnih <a href="/wiki/Informacija" title="Informacija">informacija</a>. U primjenama s ograničenom propusnošću komunikacijskog kanala ovijanje je moguće implementirati uz samo 2 ili 4 dodatna okteta. Veličina zaglavlja stvorenog ovijanjem ograničena je na 32 bita dok duljina <a href="/wiki/Podatak" title="Podatak">podataka</a> dodanih na kraju paketa nije ograničena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upravljanje_vezom">Upravljanje vezom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Upravljanje vezom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Upravljanje vezom"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upravljanje vezom definirano je <a href="/w/index.php?title=LCP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LCP (stranica ne postoji)">LCP</a> (engl. <i>Link Control Protocol</i>) protokolom. Ovaj protokol provodi usuglašavanje postavki formata ovijanja i veličine podatkovnih paketa, uočava pogreške proizišle iz neispravnih postavki, prekida vezu te omogućuje autorizaciju korisnika i otkrivanje neispravnog funkcioniranja veze. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interakcija_s_mrežnim_slojem"><span id="Interakcija_s_mre.C5.BEnim_slojem"></span>Interakcija s mrežnim slojem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Interakcija s mrežnim slojem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Interakcija s mrežnim slojem"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PPP veze često imaju poteškoće u interakciji s protokolima mrežnog sloja. Na primjer, pridjeljivanje <a href="/wiki/IP_adresa" title="IP adresa">IP adresa</a> i upravljanje njima složene su zadaće i u <a href="/w/index.php?title=LAN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LAN (stranica ne postoji)">LAN</a> (engl. <i>Local Area Network</i>) okruženjima, a kod PPP veza s prospajanjem krugova (engl. <i>circuit switched</i>) ovo je naročito težak problem. Za svaki protokol mrežnog sloja postoji poseban <a href="/wiki/NCP" class="mw-disambig" title="NCP">NCP</a> (engl. <i>Network Control Protocol</i>) protokol koji rješava specifične poteškoće u interakciji s PPP vezama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podesivost">Podesivost</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Podesivost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Podesivost"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PPP veze su osmišljene kao vrlo podesive te su građene tako da prvotne postavke zadovoljavaju većinu uobičajenih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konfiguracija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konfiguracija (stranica ne postoji)">konfiguracija</a>. Prilikom implementacije moguće je unaprijediti izvorne postavke, a nove postavke se prilikom povezivanja automatski šalju drugoj strani. Također je moguće podesiti posebne postavke veze koje joj omogućuju rad u inače neprikladnim uvjetima. Samopodešavanje PPP veza implementirano je opsežnim mehanizmom usuglašavanja postavki kod kojega svaka strana veze drugoj prenosi svoje mogućnosti i zahtjeve. Ovakvi mehanizmi ugrađeni su u LCP protokol, u skupinu NCP protokola i u druge <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontrolni_protokoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontrolni protokoli (stranica ne postoji)">kontrolne protokole</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ovijanje_PPP_protokola_i_sadržaj_paketa"><span id="Ovijanje_PPP_protokola_i_sadr.C5.BEaj_paketa"></span>Ovijanje PPP protokola i sadržaj paketa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Ovijanje PPP protokola i sadržaj paketa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ovijanje PPP protokola i sadržaj paketa"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PPP ovijanje koristi se za ujednačavanje podatkovnih paketa različitih protokola mrežnog sloja. Na taj način nastaju novi paketi s oznakama kraja i početka. PPP podatkovni paket sastoji se od sljedećih elemenata: </p> <ul><li>oznaka protokola ,</li> <li>podaci i</li> <li>dopuna.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ovijanje_PPP_paketa_na_nižem_OSI_sloju"><span id="Ovijanje_PPP_paketa_na_ni.C5.BEem_OSI_sloju"></span>Ovijanje PPP paketa na nižem OSI sloju</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Ovijanje PPP paketa na nižem OSI sloju" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ovijanje PPP paketa na nižem OSI sloju"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PPP paketi opisani u prethodnim poglavljima ovijaju se ovojnicom protokola nižeg OSI sloja koji mogu osigurati dodatne funkcije kao što je npr. provjera integriteta poruke dodavanjem kontrolne sume. PPP paketi u serijskoj komunikaciji obično su ovijeni ovojnicom sličnom onoj koju daje HDLC protokol i koja sadrži sljedeće elemente: </p> <ul><li>zastavica predstavlja <a href="/wiki/Binarni_brojevni_sustav" class="mw-redirect" title="Binarni brojevni sustav">binarni niz</a> „01111110“ koji označuje početak i kraj paketa,</li> <li>adresa je binarni niz „11111111“, a predstavlja standardnu adresu emitiranja (engl. <i>broadcast address</i>) pri čemu PPP protokol ne pridjeljuje jedinstvene adrese pojedinim mrežnim čvorovima,</li> <li>kontrolni oktet sadrži binarni niz „00000011“ i predstavlja zahtjev za slanjem korisničkih podataka,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Datagram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Datagram (stranica ne postoji)">datagram</a> sadrži PPP paket,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FCS_oktet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FCS oktet (stranica ne postoji)">FCS oktet</a> sadrži kontrolnu sumu za provjeru <a href="/wiki/Integritet" title="Integritet">integriteta</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="LCP_i_NCP_upravljački_protokoli"><span id="LCP_i_NCP_upravlja.C4.8Dki_protokoli"></span>LCP i NCP upravljački protokoli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak LCP i NCP upravljački protokoli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka LCP i NCP upravljački protokoli"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PPP protokol građen je slojevito. PPP protokol je većim dijelom protokol drugog, podatkovnog, sloja OSI modela. Komunikaciju s fizičkim slojem provodi LCP protokol, a interakcijom s nadređenim protokolima mrežnog sloja upravlja odgovarajući NCP protokol, ovisno o korištenim protokolima mrežnog sloja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LCP_protokol">LCP protokol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odjeljak LCP protokol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka LCP protokol"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>LCP protokol se naslanja na fizički sloj <a href="/w/index.php?title=OSI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSI (stranica ne postoji)">OSI</a> modela. Moguće ga je podesiti tako da koristi jedno od sljedećih sučelja: </p> <ul><li>asinkrono serijsko,</li> <li>sinkrono serijsko,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HSSI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HSSI (stranica ne postoji)">HSSI</a> ili</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDN" title="ISDN">ISDN</a> sučelje.</li></ul> <p>Služi za uspostavu <a href="/wiki/Link" class="mw-redirect" title="Link">linka</a>, testiranje linka, pregovaranje o opcijama, te za raskid linka po završetku prijenosa. </p><p>Pored oblikovanja komunikacije u skladu s korištenim fizičkim sučeljem ovaj protokol provodi sljedeće zadatke: </p> <ul><li>Autorizacija – od pozivatelja, korisnika koji otvara vezu, se zahtijevaju identifikacijski podaci kako bi se utvrdilo ima li on dozvolu mrežnog administratora za uspostavljanje određene PPP veze. Autorizacijske poruke prenose se PAP ili CHAP protokolom.</li> <li>Kompresija – njome se postiže veća propusnost PPP veze smanjenjem količine podataka unutar pojedinog paketa. LCP protokol na odredištu vrši dekompresiju paketa. Moguće je korištenje različitih kompresijskih algoritama, npr. Stacker i Predictor algoritama.</li> <li>Otkrivanje pogrešaka – omogućuje stvaranje pouzdanih PPP veza bez petlji (engl. <i>loop-free</i>).</li> <li>Upravljanje višestrukim vezama – uspostavljanjem višestrukih PPP veza (engl. <i>multilink</i>) između dva mrežna čvora postiže se veća propusnost. Na ovaj način moguće je iskoristiti propusnost dvaju ili više fizičkih komunikacijskih kanala, kakvi su npr. analogni ili <a href="/wiki/ISDN" title="ISDN">ISDN</a> <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modemi</a>.</li> <li>Ostvarivanje povratnih <a href="/wiki/Poziv" class="mw-disambig" title="Poziv">poziva</a> – povratni pozivi (engl. <i>callback</i>) implementiraju se u slučaju potrebe za povišenom razinom sigurnosti. Klijent u tom slučaju poziva poslužitelja, predaje zahtjev za uspostavom veze i prekida poziv. Na temelju klijentova zahtjeva i vlastitih postavki poslužitelj tada otvara ili ne otvara vezu prema klijentu, odnosno ostvaruje povratni poziv.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NCP_protokol">NCP protokol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odjeljak NCP protokol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka NCP protokol"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osnovne prednosti PPP protokola su njegova prilagodljivost i nadogradivost. Iako je prvotno osmišljen za prenošenje IP podatkovnih paketa ostavljena je mogućnost proširenja funkcionalnosti i na prenošenje paketa drugih protokola mrežnog sloja te na istovremeno prenošenje paketa različitih protokola. </p><p>Podržavanje višestrukih protokola 3. sloja jedinstvenim i kompaktnim PPP protokolom zahtijevalo bi poznavanje specifičnih karakteristika svakog podržanog protokola. Osim toga, u opisanom slučaju bila bi potrebna neprestana nadogradnja takvog PPP protokola kako bi se podržali novi protokoli mrežnog sloja i kako bi se održala kompatibilnost s postojećim protokolima za koje su definirani novi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parametri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parametri (stranica ne postoji)">parametri</a>. </p><p>Umjesto opisanog neprilagodljivog modela, PPP protokol je građen modularno tako da je za svaki podržani protokol mrežnog sloja definiran poseban NCP protokol. Pojedini NCP protokol upravlja interakcijom s pridruženim mu protokolom mrežnog sloja rješavajući pri tom specifične poteškoće vezane uz njega. </p><p>Primjeri NCP protokola su: <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPCP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPCP (stranica ne postoji)">IPCP</a> (engl. <i>Internet Protocol Control Protocol</i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPXCP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPXCP (stranica ne postoji)">IPXCP</a> (engl. <i>Internetwork Packet Exchange Control Protocol</i>) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=ATCP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATCP (stranica ne postoji)">ATCP</a> (engl. <i>AppleTalk Control Protocol</i>) protokoli koji su redom namijenjeni uspostavljanju, podešavanju i prekidanju komunikacije prema IP, IPX, odnosno <a href="/w/index.php?title=AppleTalk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AppleTalk (stranica ne postoji)">AppleTalk</a> protokolu preko PPP veze. Navedeni protokoli, kao i ostali NCP protokoli, koriste mehanizam razmjene podatkovnih paketa jednak onom LCP protokola, a prihvaćaju se samo paketi pristigli nakon početka mrežne faze PPP protokola. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dijagram_stanja_PPP_protokola">Dijagram stanja PPP protokola</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odjeljak Dijagram stanja PPP protokola" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Dijagram stanja PPP protokola"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Postupak uspostavljanja, podešavanja, održavanja i prekidanja PPP veze provodi se u pet faza: </p> <ol><li>veza prekinuta,</li> <li>uspostavljanje veze,</li> <li>autorizacija,</li> <li>mrežna faza i</li> <li>prekidanje veze.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faza_prekinutosti_veze">Faza prekinutosti veze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odjeljak Faza prekinutosti veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Faza prekinutosti veze"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Svaka PPP veza nužno započinje i završava ovom fazom. Faza prekinutosti veze (engl. <i>link dead</i>) završava obaviješću o spremnosti fizičkog sloja na uspostavljanje veze. Takva obavijest može na primjer potjecati od <a href="/wiki/Algoritam" title="Algoritam">algoritma</a> uočavanja nosioca signala ili može nastati uslijed djelovanja <a href="/wiki/Administrator" class="mw-disambig" title="Administrator">administratora</a>. Završetak ova faze znači prelazak PPP algoritma u fazu uspostavljanja veze. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faza_uspostavljanja_veze">Faza uspostavljanja veze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odjeljak Faza uspostavljanja veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Faza uspostavljanja veze"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tijekom faze uspostavljanja veze (engl. <i>link establishment phase</i>) LCP protokol se koristi za razmjenu <i>Configure</i> podatkovnih paketa kojima se prenose postavke veze. Razmjena takvih paketa je završena kada su obje strane poslale i primile <i>Configure-Ack</i> pakete. Pretpostavljeni su izvorni iznosi svih postavki veze koje nisu izmijenjene <i>Configure</i> paketima. </p><p>Tijekom ove faze podešavaju se samo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Postavke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postavke (stranica ne postoji)">postavke</a> neovisne o pojedinim protokolima mrežnog sloja. Podešavanje postavki vezanih uz protokole trećeg sloja provodi se tijekom mrežne faze od strane odgovarajućih NCP protokola. </p><p>U ovu fazu moguće je, osim iz faze prekinutosti veze, ući i iz mrežne faze te iz faze autorizacije u slučaju primitka <i>Configure-Request</i> paketa koji predstavlja zahtjev za ponovnim podešavanjem postavki PPP veze. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faza_autorizacije">Faza autorizacije</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odjeljak Faza autorizacije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Faza autorizacije"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izvorne postavke PPP protokola ne zahtijevaju autorizaciju mrežnih čvorova koji uspostavljaju PPP vezu. U pojedinim primjenama moguće ju je zahtijevati prije razmjene paketa protokola mrežnog sloja. Tada je tijekom faze uspostavljanja veze potrebno odrediti korišteni autorizacijski protokol. Autorizaciju je poželjno provesti čim prije nakon završetka faze uspostave veze. U isto vrijeme moguć je početak postupka utvrđivanja kvalitete uspostavljene veze. Zbog toga je unutar pojedine implementacije PPP protokola potrebno spriječiti onemogućavanje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autorizacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autorizacija (stranica ne postoji)">autorizacije</a> uslijed razmjene paketa za određivanje kvalitete veze. </p><p>Prelazak u mrežnu fazu nije dozvoljen do uspješnog okončanja autorizacije. U slučaju neuspjele autorizacije iz ove faze prelazi se u fazu prekidanja veze. Tijekom autorizacije dozvoljena ja razmjena isključivo <a href="/w/index.php?title=LCP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LCP (stranica ne postoji)">LCP</a> paketa, autorizacijskih paketa i paketa kojima se nadzire kvaliteta veze. Svi ostali paketi primljeni tijekom ove faze zanemaruju se. </p><p>Autorizaciju je preporučeno implementirati tako da se izostanak odgovora na zahtjev ne interpretira kao neuspjela autorizacija već da se u takvom slučaju provodi neki od <a href="/wiki/Mehanizam" title="Mehanizam">mehanizama</a> ponovnog slanja zahtjeva. Kod takvih implementacija autorizacija se smatra neuspjelom tek nakon određenog broja pokušaja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mrežna_faza"><span id="Mre.C5.BEna_faza"></span>Mrežna faza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odjeljak Mrežna faza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mrežna faza"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nakon završetka prethodno opisanih faza potrebno je posebno podesiti sve korištene protokole mrežnog sloja. Ovu zadaću rješavaju NCP protokoli, čije djelovanje je moguće pokrenuti i prekinuti u bilo kojem trenutku unutar ove faze. </p><p>Nakon završetka podešavanja potrebnih NCP protokola PPP protokol prenosi <a href="/wiki/Podatak" title="Podatak">podatkovne</a> pakete odgovarajućih protokola mrežnog sloja. Primljeni paketi podržanog protokola mrežnog sloja za kojega odgovarajući NCP protokol nije podešen se zanemaruju, a paketi nepodržanih protokola vraćaju se unutar <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protocol-Reject&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protocol-Reject (stranica ne postoji)">Protocol-Reject</a></i> paketa. </p><p>Tijekom ove faze preko uspostavljene veze prenose se LCP, NCP i paketi protokola mrežnog sloja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faza_prekidanja_veze">Faza prekidanja veze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odjeljak Faza prekidanja veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP&action=edit&section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Faza prekidanja veze"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PPP protokol može prekinuti vezu u bilo kojem trenutku. Prekid može biti uzrokovan gubitkom signala nosioca, neuspjelom autorizacijom, degradacijom kvalitete veze ili njenom neaktivnošću, a moguće je i zatvaranje PPP veze od strane administratora. PPP protokol aktivne protokole mrežnog sloja obavještava o prekidanju veze kako bi mogli izvršiti potrebne postupke prije konačnog zatvaranja veze. </p><p>Prekidanje veze provodi LCP protokol razmjenom Terminate paketa. Nakon razmjene ovih paketa fizičkom sloju šalje se zahtjev za isključivanjem kako bi se osiguralo prekidanje PPP veze. Ovo je naročito bitno u slučaju zatvaranja veze uslijed neuspjele autorizacije. Pošiljatelj <i>Terminate-Request</i> paketa, kojim se zahtjeva gašenje veze, isključuje se nakon primitka <i>Terminate-Ack</i> paketa, kojim druga strana potvrđuje primitak zahtjeva, ili nakon isteka određenog vremena (određenog Restart parametrom) od slanja spomenutog zahtjeva. Primatelj <i>Termonate-Request</i> paketa čeka isključenje druge strane i istjecanje najmanje jednog Restart vremenskog perioda prije vlastitog isključivanja. Svi paketi primljeni tijekom ove faze koji ne pripadaju LCP protokolu zanemaruju se. </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PPP&oldid=40758985">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PPP&oldid=40758985</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Ra%C4%8Dunarske_mre%C5%BEe" title="Kategorija:Računarske mreže">Računarske mreže</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena 16. jula 2017. u 14:16.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uslovi. 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