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class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>A <b>straight-four engine</b> (also referred to as an <b>inline-four engine</b>) is a four-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">piston engine</a> where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Engine_movingparts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Engine_movingparts.jpg/220px-Engine_movingparts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Engine_movingparts.jpg/330px-Engine_movingparts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Engine_movingparts.jpg/440px-Engine_movingparts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></a><figcaption>Diagram of a <a href="/wiki/DOHC" class="mw-redirect" title="DOHC">DOHC</a> straight-four engine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford-I4DOHC-engblock.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ford-I4DOHC-engblock.jpeg/220px-Ford-I4DOHC-engblock.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ford-I4DOHC-engblock.jpeg/330px-Ford-I4DOHC-engblock.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ford-I4DOHC-engblock.jpeg/440px-Ford-I4DOHC-engblock.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"></a><figcaption>1989-2006 <a href="/wiki/Ford_I4_DOHC_engine" title="Ford I4 DOHC engine">Ford I4 DOHC engine</a> with the cylinder head removed</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nissan_M9R_Engine_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nissan_M9R_Engine_03.JPG/220px-Nissan_M9R_Engine_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nissan_M9R_Engine_03.JPG/330px-Nissan_M9R_Engine_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nissan_M9R_Engine_03.JPG/440px-Nissan_M9R_Engine_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2220" data-file-height="2267"></a><figcaption>2006-2009 <a href="/wiki/Nissan_MR_engine#M9R" title="Nissan MR engine">Nissan M9R</a> diesel engine</figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout<sup id="cite_ref-Nunney_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nunney-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pp. 13–16">: pp. 13–16 </span></sup> (with the exceptions of the <a href="/wiki/Flat-four_engine" title="Flat-four engine">flat-four engines</a> produced by Subaru and Porsche)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the layout is also very common in motorcycles and other machinery. Therefore the term "four-cylinder engine" is usually synonymous with straight-four engines. When a straight-four engine is installed at an inclined angle (instead of with the cylinders oriented vertically), it is sometimes called a <a href="/wiki/Slant-4_engine" title="Slant-4 engine">slant-four</a>. </p><p>Between 2005 and 2008, the proportion of new vehicles sold in the United States with four-cylinder engines rose from 30% to 47%.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 2020 model year, the share for light-duty vehicles had risen to 59%.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Design"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Design</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Displacement"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Displacement</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Primary_and_secondary_balance"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Primary and secondary balance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Pulsations_in_power_delivery"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Pulsations in power delivery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Usage_of_balance_shafts"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Usage of balance shafts</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Usage_in_production_cars"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Usage in production cars</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Usage_in_racing_cars"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Usage in racing cars</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Usage_in_motorcycles"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Usage in motorcycles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Usage_in_light_and_medium_duty_commercial_vehicles"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Usage in light and medium duty commercial vehicles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straight-four_engine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>A four-stroke straight-four engine always has a cylinder on its power stroke, unlike engines with fewer cylinders where there is no power stroke occurring at certain times. Compared with a <a href="/wiki/V4_engine" title="V4 engine">V4 engine</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Flat-four_engine" title="Flat-four engine">flat-four engine</a>, a straight-four engine only has one <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_head" title="Cylinder head">cylinder head</a>, which reduces complexity and production cost. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Displacement">Displacement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straight-four_engine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Displacement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Petrol straight-four engines used in modern production cars typically have a displacement of 1.3–2.5 L (79–153 cu in), but larger engines have been used in the past, for example the 1927–1931 <a href="/wiki/Bentley_4%C2%BD_Litre" title="Bentley 4½ Litre">Bentley 4½ Litre</a>. </p><p>Diesel engines have been produced in larger displacements, such as a 3.2 L turbocharged Mitsubishi engine (used the Pajero/Shogun/Montero SUV) and a 3.0 L Toyota engine. European and Asian trucks with a <a href="/wiki/Gross_vehicle_weight_rating" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross vehicle weight rating">gross vehicle weight rating</a> between 7.5 and 18 tonnes typically use inline four-cylinder diesel engines with displacements around 5 litres.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Larger displacements are found in locomotive, marine and stationary engines. </p><p>Displacement can also be very small, as found in <a href="/wiki/Kei_car" title="Kei car">kei cars</a> sold in Japan. Several of these engines had four cylinders at a time when regulations dictated a maximum displacement of 550 cc; the maximum size is currently at 660 cc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_balance">Primary and secondary balance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straight-four_engine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary balance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Straight-four engines with the preferred crankshaft configuration have perfect <a href="/wiki/Primary_balance" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary balance">primary balance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nunney_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nunney-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 12">: p. 12 </span></sup> This is because the pistons are moving in pairs, and one pair of pistons is always moving up at the same time as the other pair is moving down. </p><p>However, straight-four engines have a <a href="/wiki/Secondary_balance" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary balance">secondary imbalance</a>. This is caused by the acceleration/deceleration of the pistons during the top half of the crankshaft rotation being greater than that of the pistons in the bottom half of the crankshaft rotation (because the connecting rods are not infinitely long). As a result, two pistons are always accelerating faster in one direction, while the other two are accelerating more slowly in the other direction, which leads to a secondary dynamic imbalance that causes an up-and-down vibration at twice crankshaft speed. This imbalance is common among all piston engines, but the effect is particularly strong on four-stroke inline-four because of the two pistons always moving together. </p><p>The strength of this imbalance is determined by the reciprocating mass, the ratio of connecting rod length to stroke, and the peak piston velocity. Therefore, small displacement engines with light pistons show little effect, and racing engines use long connecting rods. However, the effect <a href="/wiki/Quadratic_growth" title="Quadratic growth">grows quadratically</a> with engine speed (rpm). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pulsations_in_power_delivery">Pulsations in power delivery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straight-four_engine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pulsations in power delivery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reihenmotor_Vier_Zylinder_1-2-4-3.gif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Reihenmotor_Vier_Zylinder_1-2-4-3.gif/220px-Reihenmotor_Vier_Zylinder_1-2-4-3.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="324"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 119px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Reihenmotor_Vier_Zylinder_1-2-4-3.gif/220px-Reihenmotor_Vier_Zylinder_1-2-4-3.gif" data-width="220" data-height="119" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Reihenmotor_Vier_Zylinder_1-2-4-3.gif/330px-Reihenmotor_Vier_Zylinder_1-2-4-3.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Reihenmotor_Vier_Zylinder_1-2-4-3.gif/440px-Reihenmotor_Vier_Zylinder_1-2-4-3.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Animation of an Inline-four engine</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke engines</a> with five or more cylinders are able to have at least one cylinder performing its power stroke at any given point in time. However, four-cylinder engines have gaps in the power delivery, since each cylinder completes its power stroke before the next piston starts a new power stroke. This pulsating delivery of power results in more vibrations than engines with more than four cylinders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage_of_balance_shafts">Usage of balance shafts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straight-four_engine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Usage of balance shafts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Balance_shaft" title="Balance shaft">balance shaft</a> system is sometimes used to reduce the vibrations created by a straight-four engine, most often in engines with larger displacements. The balance shaft system was invented in 1911 and consists of two shafts carrying identical <a href="/wiki/Eccentric_(mechanism)" title="Eccentric (mechanism)">eccentric</a> weights that rotate in opposite directions at twice the crankshaft's speed.<sup id="cite_ref-Nunney_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nunney-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pp. 42–44">: pp. 42–44 </span></sup> This system was patented by Mitsubishi Motors in the 1970s and has since been used under licence by several other companies.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PS-Jun89_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PS-Jun89-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not all large displacement straight-four engines have used balance shafts, however. Examples of relatively large engines without balance shafts include the 2.4 litre <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_DS" title="Citroën DS">Citroën DS</a> engine, the 2.6 litre <a href="/wiki/Austin-Healey_100" title="Austin-Healey 100">Austin-Healey 100</a> engine, the 3.3 L <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Model A (1927)">Ford Model A (1927)</a> engine and the 2.5 L <a href="/wiki/GM_Iron_Duke_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="GM Iron Duke engine">GM Iron Duke engine</a>. Soviet/Russian <a href="/wiki/Volga_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga (automobile)">GAZ Volga</a> and <a href="/wiki/UAZ" title="UAZ">UAZ</a> engines with displacements of up to 2.9 litres were produced without balance shafts from the 1950s to the 1990s, however these were relatively low-revving engines which reduces the need for a balance shaft system.<sup id="cite_ref-Nunney_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nunney-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pp. 40–44">: pp. 40–44 </span></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Usage_in_production_cars">Usage in production cars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straight-four_engine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Usage in production cars" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fordsidevalve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fordsidevalve.jpg/220px-Fordsidevalve.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fordsidevalve.jpg/220px-Fordsidevalve.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fordsidevalve.jpg/330px-Fordsidevalve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fordsidevalve.jpg/440px-Fordsidevalve.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>1908–1941 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Ford Model T</a> engine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfa_Romeo_1750_GTV_engine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Alfa_Romeo_1750_GTV_engine.jpg/220px-Alfa_Romeo_1750_GTV_engine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Alfa_Romeo_1750_GTV_engine.jpg/220px-Alfa_Romeo_1750_GTV_engine.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Alfa_Romeo_1750_GTV_engine.jpg/330px-Alfa_Romeo_1750_GTV_engine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Alfa_Romeo_1750_GTV_engine.jpg/440px-Alfa_Romeo_1750_GTV_engine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>1970 <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_Twin_Cam_engine" title="Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine">Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Most modern straight-four engines used in cars have a displacement of 1.5–2.5 L (92–153 cu in). The smallest automotive straight-four engine was used in the 1963–1967 <a href="/wiki/Honda_T360" title="Honda T360">Honda T360</a> kei truck and has a displacement of 356 cc (21.7 cu in), while the largest mass-produced straight-four car engine is the 1999–2019 <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_4M4_engine#4M41" title="Mitsubishi 4M4 engine">Mitsubishi 4M41</a> diesel engine which was used in the Mitsubishi Pajero and has a displacement of 3.2 L (195 cu in).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Significant straight-four car engines include: </p> <ul><li>1954–1994 <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_Twin_Cam_engine" title="Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine">Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine</a>: one of the first mass-produced twin-cam engines.<sup id="cite_ref-bussoobit_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bussoobit-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990, it became the first production engine with <a href="/wiki/Variable_valve_timing" title="Variable valve timing">variable valve timing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autobytel_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autobytel-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1908–1941 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T_engine" title="Ford Model T engine">Ford Model T engine</a>: one of the most widely produced engines in the world.</li> <li>1951–2000 <a href="/wiki/BMC_A-Series_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="BMC A-Series engine">BMC A-Series engine</a>: the first engine to be used in a mass-production transverse-engined front-wheel drive car.</li> <li>1966–2000 <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Twin_Cam_engine" title="Fiat Twin Cam engine">Fiat Twin Cam engine</a>: one of the first mass-produced twin-cam engines, produced from 1959.</li> <li>1968–1981 <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Slant-4_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Triumph Slant-4 engine">Triumph Slant-4 engine</a>: an early <a href="/wiki/Multi-valve" title="Multi-valve">multi-valve</a> engine which formed the basis of Saab's first turbocharged engines.</li> <li>2000–2009 <a href="/wiki/Honda_F20C_engine" title="Honda F20C engine">Honda F20C engine</a>: produced the highest specific output for a <a href="/wiki/Naturally_aspirated_engine" title="Naturally aspirated engine">naturally aspirated engine</a> of its time.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Usage_in_racing_cars">Usage in racing cars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straight-four_engine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Usage in racing cars" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_F1_Engine_M12_M13.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/BMW_F1_Engine_M12_M13.JPG/220px-BMW_F1_Engine_M12_M13.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/BMW_F1_Engine_M12_M13.JPG/220px-BMW_F1_Engine_M12_M13.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/BMW_F1_Engine_M12_M13.JPG/330px-BMW_F1_Engine_M12_M13.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/BMW_F1_Engine_M12_M13.JPG/440px-BMW_F1_Engine_M12_M13.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>1980s <a href="/wiki/BMW_M12" title="BMW M12">BMW M12/13</a> Formula One engine</figcaption></figure> <p>Many early racing cars used straight-four engines, however the Peugeot engine which won the <a href="/wiki/1913_Indianapolis_500" title="1913 Indianapolis 500">1913 Indianapolis 500</a> was a highly influential engine. Designed by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Henry_(engineer)" title="Ernest Henry (engineer)">Ernest Henry</a>, this engine had <a href="/wiki/Overhead_camshaft_engine#Double_overhead_camshaft" title="Overhead camshaft engine">double overhead camshafts</a> (DOHC) with four valves per cylinder, a layout that would become the standard until today for racing inline-four engines.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludvigsen_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludvigsen-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pp. 14–17">: pp. 14–17 </span></sup> </p><p>Amongst the engines inspired by the Peugeot design was the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Arminius_Miller" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Arminius Miller">Miller engine</a>, which was a successful racing engine through the 1920s and early 1930s. The Miller engine evolved into the <a href="/wiki/Offenhauser" title="Offenhauser">Offenhauser engine</a> which had a highly successful spanning from the 1933 until 1981, including five straight victories at the Indianapolis 500 from 1971 to 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludvigsen_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludvigsen-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pp. 182–185">: pp. 182–185 </span></sup> </p><p>Many cars produced for the pre-WWII <a href="/wiki/Voiturette_(F2)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiturette (F2)">voiturette</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_motor_racing" title="Grand Prix motor racing">Grand Prix motor racing</a> category used inline-four engine designs. 1.5 L <a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">supercharged</a> engines found their way into cars such as the <a href="/wiki/Maserati_4CL" class="mw-redirect" title="Maserati 4CL">Maserati 4CL</a> and various <a href="/wiki/English_Racing_Automobiles" title="English Racing Automobiles">English Racing Automobiles</a> (ERA) models. These were resurrected after the war, and formed the foundation of what was later to become <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a>, although the straight-eight supercharged Alfettas would dominate the early years of F1. </p><p>Another engine that played an important role in racing history is the straight-four <a href="/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari">Ferrari</a> engine designed by <a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Lampredi" title="Aurelio Lampredi">Aurelio Lampredi</a>. This engine was originally designed as a 2 L <a href="/wiki/Formula_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula 2">Formula 2</a> engine for the Ferrari 500, but evolved to 2.5 L to compete in <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> in the Ferrari 625.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludvigsen_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludvigsen-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pp. 78–81, 86–89">: pp. 78–81, 86–89 </span></sup> For <a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">sports car</a> racing, capacity was increased up to 3.4 L for the Ferrari 860 Monza. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Climax" title="Coventry Climax">Coventry Climax</a> straight-four engine was also a very successful racing engine, which began life as a 1.5 litre Formula 2 engine. Enlarged to 2.0 litres for Formula One in 1958, it evolved into the large 2,495 cc FPF that won the Formula One championship in <a href="/wiki/Cooper_Car_Company" title="Cooper Car Company">Cooper</a>'s chassis in 1959 and 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludvigsen_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludvigsen-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pp. 130–133">: pp. 130–133 </span></sup> </p><p>In Formula One, the 1980s were dominated by the 1,500 cc turbocharged cars. The <a href="/wiki/BMW_M12" title="BMW M12">BMW M12/13</a> engine was notable for the era for its high boost pressures and performance. The cast iron block was based on a standard road car block and powered the F1 cars of Brabham, Arrows and Benetton and won the world championship in 1983. The 1986 version of the engine was said to produce about 1,300 hp (969 kW) in qualifying trim.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Usage_in_motorcycles">Usage in motorcycles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straight-four_engine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Usage in motorcycles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_engine" title="Motorcycle engine">Motorcycle engine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Honda_CB750_Engine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Honda_CB750_Engine.jpg/220px-Honda_CB750_Engine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Honda_CB750_Engine.jpg/220px-Honda_CB750_Engine.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Honda_CB750_Engine.jpg/330px-Honda_CB750_Engine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Honda_CB750_Engine.jpg/440px-Honda_CB750_Engine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>1970 <a href="/wiki/Honda_CB750" class="mw-redirect" title="Honda CB750">Honda CB750</a> engine</figcaption></figure> <p>Belgian arms manufacturer <a href="/wiki/FN_Herstal" title="FN Herstal">FN Herstal</a>, which had been making <a href="/wiki/FN_(motorcycle)" title="FN (motorcycle)">motorcycles</a> since 1901, began producing the first motorcycles with inline-fours in 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-cleveland_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cleveland-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/FN_Four" title="FN Four">FN Four</a> had its engine mounted upright with the crankshaft <a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_engine" title="Longitudinal engine">longitudinal</a>. Other manufacturers that used this layout included <a href="/wiki/Pierce-Arrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierce-Arrow">Pierce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henderson_Motorcycle" title="Henderson Motorcycle">Henderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ace_Motor_Corporation" title="Ace Motor Corporation">Ace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Motorcycle_Manufacturing_Company" title="Cleveland Motorcycle Manufacturing Company">Cleveland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Four" title="Indian Four">Indian</a> in the United States, <a href="/wiki/Nimbus_(motorcycle)" title="Nimbus (motorcycle)">Nimbus</a> in Denmark, Windhoff in Germany, and <a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Sword#Motorcycle_production" title="Wilkinson Sword">Wilkinson</a> in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-CW4runners_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW4runners-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first across-the-frame 4-cylinder motorcycle was the 1939 racer <a href="/wiki/Gilera#History" title="Gilera">Gilera 500 Rondine</a>, it also had double-over-head camshafts, forced-inducting supercharger and was <a href="/wiki/Radiator_(engine_cooling)" title="Radiator (engine cooling)">liquid-cooled</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-first_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern inline-four motorcycle engines first became popular with <a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a>'s <a href="/wiki/SOHC" class="mw-redirect" title="SOHC">SOHC</a> <a href="/wiki/Honda_CB750" class="mw-redirect" title="Honda CB750">CB750</a> introduced in 1969, and others followed in the 1970s. Since then, the inline-four has become one of the most common engine configurations in street bikes. Outside of the <a href="/wiki/Cruiser_(motorcycle)" title="Cruiser (motorcycle)">cruiser</a> category, the inline-four is the most common configuration because of its relatively high performance-to-cost ratio.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> All major Japanese motorcycle manufacturers offer motorcycles with inline-four engines, as do <a href="/wiki/MV_Agusta" title="MV Agusta">MV Agusta</a> and <a href="/wiki/BMW_motorcycles" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW motorcycles">BMW</a>. BMW's earlier inline-four motorcycles were mounted horizontally along the frame, but all current four-cylinder BMW motorcycles have <a href="/wiki/Transverse_engine" title="Transverse engine">transverse engines</a>. The modern <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motorcycles_Ltd" title="Triumph Motorcycles Ltd">Triumph</a> company has offered inline-four-powered motorcycles, though they were discontinued in favour of <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Triple" title="Triumph Triple">triples</a>. </p><p>The 2009 <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamaha R1">Yamaha R1</a> has an inline-four engine that does not fire at even intervals of 180°. Instead, it uses a <a href="/wiki/Crossplane" title="Crossplane">crossplane</a> crankshaft that prevents the pistons from simultaneously reaching top dead centre. This results in better <a href="/wiki/Secondary_balance" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary balance">secondary balance</a>, which is particularly beneficial in the higher rpm range, and "<a href="/wiki/Big-bang_firing_order" title="Big-bang firing order">big-bang firing order</a>" theory says the irregular delivery of torque to the rear tire makes sliding in the corners at racing speeds easier to control. </p><p>Inline-four engines are also used in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing" title="Grand Prix motorcycle racing">MotoGP</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_MotoGP" title="Suzuki MotoGP">Suzuki</a> (since <a href="/wiki/2015_MotoGP_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 MotoGP season">2015</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Motor_Racing" title="Yamaha Motor Racing">Yamaha</a> (since <a href="/wiki/2002_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season" title="2002 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season">2002</a>) teams. In <a href="/wiki/2010_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season" title="2010 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season">2010</a>, when the four-stroke Moto2 class was introduced, the engines for the class were a 600 cc (36.6 cu in) inline-four engine made by <a href="/wiki/Honda_Racing_Corporation" title="Honda Racing Corporation">Honda</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Honda_CBR600RR" title="Honda CBR600RR">CBR600RR</a> with a maximum power output of 110 kW (150 hp). Starting in <a href="/wiki/2019_Moto2_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Moto2 season">2019</a>, the engines were replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motorcycles_Ltd" title="Triumph Motorcycles Ltd">Triumph</a> 765 cc (46.7 cu in) <a href="/wiki/Straight-three_engine" title="Straight-three engine">triple engine</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Usage_in_light_and_medium_duty_commercial_vehicles">Usage in light and medium duty commercial vehicles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straight-four_engine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Usage in light and medium duty commercial vehicles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Inline-four engines are also used in light duty commercial vehicles such as <a href="/wiki/Karsan_Jest" title="Karsan Jest">Karsan Jest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Sprinter" title="Mercedes-Benz Sprinter">Mercedes-Benz Sprinter</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straight-four_engine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat-four_engine" title="Flat-four engine">Flat-four engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V4_engine" title="V4 engine">V4 engine</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Straight-four_engine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nunney-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nunney_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nunney_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nunney_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nunney_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="Nunney" class="citation book cs1">Nunney, M J (2006). <i>Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology</i> (4th ed.). 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02:58</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlynviersilinder" title="Inlynviersilinder – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Inlynviersilinder" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%B0%D9%88_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85" title="محرك ذو أربع اسطوانات مرتبة في خط مستقيم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محرك ذو أربع اسطوانات مرتبة في خط مستقيم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_cuatro_cilindros_en_llinia" title="Motor de cuatro cilindros en llinia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Motor de cuatro cilindros en llinia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C4%B1c%C4%B1l_d%C3%B6rd_silindrli_m%C3%BCh%C9%99rrik" title="Ardıcıl dörd silindrli mühərrik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ardıcıl dörd silindrli mühərrik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_quatre_cilindres_en_l%C3%ADnia" title="Motor de quatre cilindres en línia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Motor de quatre cilindres en línia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cty%C5%99v%C3%A1lcov%C3%BD_%C5%99adov%C3%BD_motor" title="Čtyřválcový řadový motor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čtyřválcový řadový motor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A6kkemotor-4" title="Rækkemotor-4 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rækkemotor-4" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_cuatro_cilindros_en_l%C3%ADnea" title="Motor de cuatro cilindros en línea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Motor de cuatro cilindros en línea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D8%B7%DB%8C" title="موتور چهارسیلندر خطی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موتور چهارسیلندر خطی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteur_avec_quatre_cylindres_en_ligne" title="Moteur avec quatre cylindres en ligne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moteur avec quatre cylindres en ligne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_catro_cilindros_en_li%C3%B1a" title="Motor de catro cilindros en liña – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Motor de catro cilindros en liña" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%EA%B8%B0%ED%86%B5_%EC%A7%81%EB%A0%AC_%EC%97%94%EC%A7%84" title="4기통 직렬 엔진 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="4기통 직렬 엔진" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_4_silinder_segaris" title="Mesin 4 silinder segaris – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mesin 4 silinder segaris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motore_in_linea_a_quattro_cilindri" title="Motore in linea a quattro cilindri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Motore in linea a quattro cilindri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/I4" title="I4 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="I4" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%88%974%E6%B0%97%E7%AD%92" title="直列4気筒 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="直列4気筒" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekkefirer" title="Rekkefirer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rekkefirer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R4_(silnik)" title="R4 (silnik) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="R4 (silnik)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_quatro_cilindros_em_linha" title="Motor de quatro cilindros em linha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Motor de quatro cilindros em linha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_cu_4_cilindri_%C3%AEn_linie" title="Motor cu 4 cilindri în linie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Motor cu 4 cilindri în linie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%91%D1%85%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Четырёхцилиндровый двигатель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Четырёхцилиндровый двигатель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inline-four_engine" title="Inline-four engine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Inline-four engine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tvorvalcov%C3%BD_radov%C3%BD_motor" title="Štvorvalcový radový motor – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Štvorvalcový radový motor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="เครื่องยนต์สี่สูบเรียง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องยนต์สี่สูบเรียง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1ral%C4%B1_d%C3%B6rt_silindir_motor" title="Sıralı dört silindir motor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sıralı dört silindir motor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Чотирициліндровий двигун – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чотирициліндровий двигун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%88%97%E5%9B%9B%E7%BC%B8%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E" title="直列四缸引擎 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="直列四缸引擎" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" 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