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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fleire val" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlege verktøy" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlege verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nn.wikipedia.org&uselang=nn"><span>Gåver</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Mikrofon" title="Me oppfordrar til at du oppretter ein konto og loggar inn, men det er ikkje påkravd."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Mikrofon" title="Det er ikkje obligatorisk å logga inn, men medfører mange fordelar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Arbeidsprinsipp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arbeidsprinsipp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Arbeidsprinsipp</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arbeidsprinsipp-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Arbeidsprinsipp</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arbeidsprinsipp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kondensatormikrofonar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kondensatormikrofonar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Kondensatormikrofonar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kondensatormikrofonar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Svingspolemikrofonar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svingspolemikrofonar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Svingspolemikrofonar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Svingspolemikrofonar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bandmikrofonar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bandmikrofonar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Bandmikrofonar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bandmikrofonar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mikrofontypar_klassifiserte_etter_bruksområde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mikrofontypar_klassifiserte_etter_bruksområde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mikrofontypar klassifiserte etter bruksområde</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mikrofontypar_klassifiserte_etter_bruksområde-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Mikrofontypar klassifiserte etter bruksområde</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mikrofontypar_klassifiserte_etter_bruksområde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Profesjonelle_mikrofonar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Profesjonelle_mikrofonar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Profesjonelle mikrofonar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Profesjonelle_mikrofonar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mikrofonar_for_generell_bruk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mikrofonar_for_generell_bruk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mikrofonar for generell bruk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mikrofonar_for_generell_bruk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Småmikrofonar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Småmikrofonar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Småmikrofonar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Småmikrofonar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Målemikrofonar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Målemikrofonar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Målemikrofonar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Målemikrofonar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sjå_òg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sjå_òg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sjå òg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sjå_òg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referansar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referansar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referansar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referansar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mikrofon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 101 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofoon" title="Mikrofoon – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mikrofoon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86" title="ميكروفون – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميكروفون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AD%D6%85%D5%BD" title="Բարձրախօս – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բարձրախօս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micr%C3%B3fonu" title="Micrófonu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Micrófonu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka_arimowakaniok" title="Ka arimowakaniok – atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Ka arimowakaniok" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumbotuichaha" title="Pumbotuichaha – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pumbotuichaha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8" title="মাইক্রোফোন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাইক্রোফোন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0i-kuh" title="Mài-kuh – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mài-kuh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Микрофон – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Микрофон" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мікрафон – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мікрафон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мікрафон – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мікрафон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikropono" title="Mikropono – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mikropono" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Микрофон – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Микрофон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micr%C3%B2fon" title="Micròfon – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Micròfon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meicroffon" title="Meicroffon – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Meicroffon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="betre artikkel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%86%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Μικρόφωνο – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μικρόφωνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Microphone" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micr%C3%B3fono" title="Micrófono – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Micrófono" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofono" title="Mikrofono – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mikrofono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofono" title="Mikrofono – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mikrofono" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86" title="میکروفون – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میکروفون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Microphone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micreaf%C3%B3n" title="Micreafón – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Micreafón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micr%C3%B3fono" title="Micrófono – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Micrófono" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B1%E7%AD%92" title="話筒 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="話筒" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1i-k%C3%BB" title="Mái-kû – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mái-kû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%ED%8F%B0" title="마이크로폰 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이크로폰" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makirifo" title="Makirifo – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Makirifo" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%B2" title="Խոսափող – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խոսափող" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="माइक्रोफोन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="माइक्रोफोन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofono" title="Mikrofono – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mikrofono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlj%C3%B3%C3%B0nemi" title="Hljóðnemi – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hljóðnemi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfono" title="Microfono – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Microfono" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F" title="מיקרופון – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיקרופון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮೈಕ್ರೊಫೋನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೈಕ್ರೊಫೋನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მიკროფონი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიკროფონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Микрофон – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Микрофон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinasasauti" title="Kinasasauti – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kinasasauti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikwof%C3%B2n" title="Mikwofòn – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mikwofòn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AEkrofon" title="Mîkrofon – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mîkrofon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Микрофон – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Микрофон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphonum" title="Microphonum – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Microphonum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofons" title="Mikrofons – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mikrofons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofonas" title="Mikrofonas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mikrofonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Микрофон – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Микрофон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="മൈക്രോഫോൺ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൈക്രോഫോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83" title="المايك – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المايك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfoon" title="Microfoon – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Microfoon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofoon" title="Mikrofoon – lågsaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mikrofoon" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="माइक्रोफोन – nepalsk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="माइक्रोफोन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="माइक्रोफोन – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="माइक्रोफोन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3" title="マイクロフォン – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイクロフォン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microf%C3%B2n" title="Microfòn – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Microfòn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Микрофон – austmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Микрофон" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="austmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮਾਇਕਰੋਫੋਨ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਇਕਰੋਫੋਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%DA%96%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="غږتاندی – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غږتاندی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfone" title="Microfone – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Microfone" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfon" title="Microfon – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Microfon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruqyay_musyana" title="Ruqyay musyana – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ruqyay musyana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Микрофон – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Микрофон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Microphone" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofoni" title="Mikrofoni – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mikrofoni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Microphone" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrof%C3%B3n" title="Mikrofón – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mikrofón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Микрофон – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Микрофон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikropon" title="Mikropon – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mikropon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofoni" title="Mikrofoni – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mikrofoni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikropono" title="Mikropono – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mikropono" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="ஒலிவாங்கி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒலிவாங்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="మైక్రోఫోన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మైక్రోఫోన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%99" title="ไมโครโฟน – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไมโครโฟน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mikrofon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мікрофон – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мікрофон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86" title="مائیکروفون – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مائیکروفون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfono" title="Microfono – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Microfono" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Microphone" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%A4pek%C3%B5rv" title="Tsäpekõrv – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsäpekõrv" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikropono" title="Mikropono – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mikropono" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B1%E7%AD%92" title="話筒 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="話筒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9F" title="מיקראפאן – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מיקראפאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gboh%C3%B9ngboh%C3%B9n" title="Gbohùngbohùn – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gbohùngbohùn" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:AKG_C451B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/AKG_C451B.jpg/220px-AKG_C451B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/AKG_C451B.jpg/330px-AKG_C451B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/AKG_C451B.jpg/440px-AKG_C451B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1564" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=AKG_Acoustics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AKG Acoustics (sida finst ikkje)">AKG</a> C 451 B kondensatormikrofon.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mikrofon</b> er <a href="/wiki/Akustoelektrisk_omformar" title="Akustoelektrisk omformar">akustoelektrisk omformar</a> som omformar lydtrykk til eit elektrisk signal<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Mikrofonar har ein membran som vert sett i rørsle når trykket varierer. Membranrørsla vert så konvertert til ei <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_spenning" title="Elektrisk spenning">elektrisk spenning</a>, enten ved hjelp av ein variabel kapasitans (kondensatormikrofon), ved hjelp av elektromagnetisk kopling (svingspole- og bandmikrofon), pizoelektrisk omforming eller optisk kopling (lasermikrofon). </p><p>Mikrofonar vert nytta til mange føremål, som opptak av tale og musikk i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsertsal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsertsal (sida finst ikkje)">konsertsalar</a>, på sener, i opptaks- og kringkastingsstudio, i samband med forsterkingsanlegg av tale i forsamlingslokale, i store i telefonrøyr og så bortetter. Eit anna bruksområde er laboratoriemålingar, måling av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustisk_st%C3%B8y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akustisk støy (sida finst ikkje)">støy</a> og så vidare. Desse bruksområda sett ulike krav til mikrofonane og det finst difor mange ulike mikrofontypar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arbeidsprinsipp">Arbeidsprinsipp</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Arbeidsprinsipp" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Arbeidsprinsipp"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mikrofonar er <a href="/wiki/Transduser" title="Transduser">transduserar</a> som konverterer <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energien</a> i lydbølger til elektrisk energi. Spenninga på utgangsterminalane er anten proporsjonal med farten til membranen (hastigheitskonvertering), eller med utslaget til membranen (utslagskonvertering)<sup id="cite_ref-Bartlett_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bartlett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Svingspole- og bandmikrofonar er døme på mikrofonar som nyttar hastigheitskonvertering, medan kondensator- og piezoelektriske mikrofonar er døme på mikrofonar som nyttar utslagskonvertering. Dette avsnittet handsamar omnidireksjonale trykkmikrofonar. Retningsfølsame mikrofonar vert handsama i eit eige avsnitt. Sjølv om alle moderne bandmikrofonar er retningsfølsame vert arbeidsprinsippet handsama her. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kondensatormikrofonar">Kondensatormikrofonar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Kondensatormikrofonar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kondensatormikrofonar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kondensatormikrofon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Kondensatormikrofon.svg/220px-Kondensatormikrofon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Kondensatormikrofon.svg/330px-Kondensatormikrofon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Kondensatormikrofon.svg/440px-Kondensatormikrofon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Prinsippskisse for ein kondensatormikrofon.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Oktava319-internal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Oktava319-internal.jpg/220px-Oktava319-internal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Oktava319-internal.jpg/330px-Oktava319-internal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Oktava319-internal.jpg/440px-Oktava319-internal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1324" data-file-height="2016" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oktava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oktava (sida finst ikkje)">Oktava</a> MK-319 kondensatormikrofon.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kondensatormikrofonar har ei plate i stutt avstand attom membranen, som er polarisert i høve til membranen<sup id="cite_ref-Wente_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wente-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eagle_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eagle-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Polarisjonespenninga varierer etter type. Labroatoriemikrofonar har ofte ei polarisasjonsspenning <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/411d268de7b1cf300d7481e3fe59f3b20887e0d0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.769ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{0}}"></span> på 200 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wong_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wong-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, medan dei fleste studiomikrofonar nyttar 48 V<sup id="cite_ref-Eagle_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eagle-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Membranen og bakplata fungerer som ein kondensator, med kapasitans </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C={\frac {\epsilon S_{D}}{d}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>ϵ</mi> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C={\frac {\epsilon S_{D}}{d}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8588fc40f7eed1fbfd4dcfc6375a5d6e7ed327e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:9.663ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C={\frac {\epsilon S_{D}}{d}}}"></span>, </p><p>der <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \epsilon }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ϵ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \epsilon }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3837cad72483d97bcdde49c85d3b7b859fb3fd2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.944ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \epsilon }"></span> er <a href="/wiki/Permittivitet" title="Permittivitet">permittiviteten</a> til luft (8,8541 <a href="/wiki/Farad" title="Farad">Farad</a>/<a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">m</a>), <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S_{D}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S_{D}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ab8f2e1fb3d724cff732d109bd7f040b8041b51b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.018ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S_{D}}"></span> er det effektive membranarealet og <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e85ff03cbe0c7341af6b982e47e9f90d235c66ab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.216ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d}"></span> er avstanden mellom membranen og bakplata. Når lufttrykket varierer vil òg avstanden mellom membranen og bakplata variera, som i sin tur fører til at kapasitansen varierer proporsjonalt med variasjonen i lufttrykket. Polarisasjonsspenning vert tilført gjennom ein svært stor <a href="/wiki/Motstand" class="mw-disambig" title="Motstand">motstand</a>, så ladninga <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8752c7023b4b3286800fe3238271bbca681219ed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.838ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q}"></span> på membranen vinn ikkje å endra seg. Etter som ladninga </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q=CE}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mi>E</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q=CE}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2419e9f191134cd872f756ae2303ce2f1f3144ea" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.479ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q=CE}"></span>, </p><p>der </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E=E_{0}+e(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E=E_{0}+e(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/13015e1106b7eda54c94a15cbeb22438dfd90c9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.216ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E=E_{0}+e(t)}"></span>, </p><p>of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/98cb518a61ada87bcd636f531d4d9fd2e67876c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.732ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e(t)}"></span> spenningsendringa, må spenninga <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}"></span> endra seg når kapasitansen endrar seg. Endringa i spenning, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/98cb518a61ada87bcd636f531d4d9fd2e67876c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.732ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e(t)}"></span>, som er mykje mindre enn polarisjonsspenninga <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/411d268de7b1cf300d7481e3fe59f3b20887e0d0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.769ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{0}}"></span>, er proporsjonal med <a href="/wiki/Lydtrykk" title="Lydtrykk">lydtrykket</a>. For å separera signalspenninga <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/98cb518a61ada87bcd636f531d4d9fd2e67876c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.732ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e(t)}"></span> frå polarisasjonsspenninga <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/411d268de7b1cf300d7481e3fe59f3b20887e0d0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.769ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{0}}"></span> vert det nytta ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koplingskondensator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koplingskondensator (sida finst ikkje)">koplingskondensator</a>. Ein slik kondensatormilrofon har svært høg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utgangsimpedans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utgangsimpedans (sida finst ikkje)">utgangsimpedans</a> og utsignalet <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e(t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e(t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/98cb518a61ada87bcd636f531d4d9fd2e67876c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.732ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e(t)}"></span> er svakt. Kondensatormikrofonar har difor innebygd ein forsterkar, plassert i same kapsel (mikrofonhus) som sjølve mikrofonelementet. Det vert ofte nytta ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=JFET-transistor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JFET-transistor (sida finst ikkje)">JFET-transistor</a> i inngangen på denne forsterkaren. </p><p>Resonansfrekvensen til omnidireksjonale kondensatormikrofonar er plasser ved øvre ende av frekvensområdet. Membranutslatet vert difor frekvensuavhengig, og etter som utspenninga er proporsjonal med membranutslaget vert førsamheitsresponsen (frekvensresponsen) flat. </p><p>Alle laboratoriemikrofonar (målemikrofonar) er kondensatormikrofonar. Det er òg dei fleste opptaksmikrofonane nytta for å ta opp musikk i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsersal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsersal (sida finst ikkje)">konsersalar</a>, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opptaksstudio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opptaksstudio (sida finst ikkje)">opptaksstudio</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kringkastinsstudio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kringkastinsstudio (sida finst ikkje)">kringkastinsstudio</a> og så vidare. Grunnen til dette er mellom anna at kondensatormikrofonar har låg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forvrengning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forvrengning (sida finst ikkje)">forvrengning</a>, rett <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frekvensrespons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frekvensrespons (sida finst ikkje)">frekvensrespons</a> og at dei er tilgjengelege med forskjellige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polarrespons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polarrespons (sida finst ikkje)">polarresponsar</a>. </p><p><b>Elektretmikrofon</b> er ein kondensatormikrofon som har ei permanent ladning på membranen, slik at dei ikkje treng ekstern polarisasjonsspenning<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dette gjer at dei vert billigare og kan brukast saman med utstyr som ikkje kan levera ei 48 V polarisasjonespenning. Elektretmikrofonar var tidlegare ikkje av same kvalitet som kondensatormikrofonar med ekstern polarisasjonsspenning, men det er gjort store framsteg dei siste åra og det finst no gode elektretmikrofonar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Svingspolemikrofonar">Svingspolemikrofonar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Svingspolemikrofonar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Svingspolemikrofonar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:MovingCoilMic2_no.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/MovingCoilMic2_no.png/220px-MovingCoilMic2_no.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/MovingCoilMic2_no.png/330px-MovingCoilMic2_no.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/MovingCoilMic2_no.png/440px-MovingCoilMic2_no.png 2x" data-file-width="1421" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption>Svingspolemikrofon.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Dynamic-microphone-senn-rotated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Dynamic-microphone-senn-rotated.jpg/220px-Dynamic-microphone-senn-rotated.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Dynamic-microphone-senn-rotated.jpg/330px-Dynamic-microphone-senn-rotated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Dynamic-microphone-senn-rotated.jpg/440px-Dynamic-microphone-senn-rotated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="187" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sennheiser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sennheiser (sida finst ikkje)">Sennheiser</a> svingspolemikrofon.</figcaption></figure> <p>Svingspolemikrofonar vert ofte kalla <i>dynamiske mikrofonar</i> i daglegtalen, men etter som så godt som alle mikrofonar er dynamiske, på den måten at di er oppbygde i form av eit dynamisk mekanisk system (mekaniske komponentar i rørsle), er dette namnet ikkje særleg beskrivande. </p><p>Svingspolemikrofonar har ein ein membran festa til mikrofonhuset med eit fjærande oppheng i periferien til membranen<sup id="cite_ref-Eagle_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eagle-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.. Til membranen er det festa ein svingspole, som vert set i rørsle når innfallande lydbølgjer set membranen i rørsle. Svingspolen rører seg i eit <a href="/wiki/Magnetfelt" title="Magnetfelt">magnetfelt</a>, generert av ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanentmagnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permanentmagnet (sida finst ikkje)">permanentmagnet</a>. Når memranen og svingspolen bevegar seg i det magnetiske feltet vert det generert ei <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_spenning" title="Elektrisk spenning">elektrisk spenning</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e_{o}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e_{o}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f09d05e72b03d7c459c915e102a430587b49872f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.113ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e_{o}}"></span> (<a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a>) i svingspolen. Spenninga er proporsjonal med farten til leiaren i svingspolen i høve til det magnetiske feltet: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e_{o}=Blu}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>u</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e_{o}=Blu}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b3e62f7c72b5e1441df2741edbde490cd34160ec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.999ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e_{o}=Blu}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>der <i>B</i> er den magnetiske flukstettleiken (<a href="/wiki/Eininga_tesla" title="Eininga tesla">Tesla</a>), <i>l</i> er lengda (<a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">m</a>) til den elektriske leiaren som utgjer viklingane i svingspolen og <i>u</i> er farten (<a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">m</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sekund" title="Sekund">s</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Masse" title="Masse">Massen</a> til membranen og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fj%C3%B8rstivheit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fjørstivheit (sida finst ikkje)">fjørstivheita</a> til membranen utgjer ein 2. ordens <a href="/wiki/Resonator" title="Resonator">resonator</a>, med resonansfrekvens </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{s}={\frac {1}{2\pi {\sqrt {M_{MS}C_{MS}}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> </msqrt> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{s}={\frac {1}{2\pi {\sqrt {M_{MS}C_{MS}}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8ecdfea75c755d22c7c1a54a29dae0d58d130907" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:20.85ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{s}={\frac {1}{2\pi {\sqrt {M_{MS}C_{MS}}}}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>der <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{MS}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{MS}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2299bc91134d24a428919dc659640620d5a36c1c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.273ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{MS}}"></span> er den dynamiske massen til membranen, inkludert <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luftlast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luftlast (sida finst ikkje)">luftlast</a>, og <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{MS}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{MS}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a490ebdd7d746afbe91c4afffe8083f455f07cc0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.681ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{MS}}"></span> er den inverse fjørstivheita til opphenget. På omnidireksjonale svingspolemikrofonar vert resonansfrekvensen plassert ved det geometriske sentret mellom nedre og øvre grensefrekvens. Dette fører til at farten til membranen aukar med 6 <a href="/wiki/Decibel" class="mw-redirect" title="Decibel">dB</a>/<a href="/wiki/Oktav" title="Oktav">oct</a> i området under <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{s}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{s}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/34f933ad7a8dc310b3fa8e9f7b0b2558cba136db" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.143ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{s}}"></span> og fell med 6 dB/oct, i området over <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{s}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{s}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/34f933ad7a8dc310b3fa8e9f7b0b2558cba136db" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.143ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{s}}"></span>. For å få eit flat følsamheitsrespone må farten til membranen vera uavhengig av frekvensen. Dette vert oppnådd ved kraftig demping av reonansen, ofte i form av ein silkeduk mellom fremre og bakre kammer. Dempinga kan likevel ikkje vera for kraftig, etter som dette fører til at førsamheita då vert før lita. For å auka bandbreidda er det vanleg å plassera <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmholzresonator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmholzresonator (sida finst ikkje)">Helmholzresonatorar</a> ved nedre og øvre ende av frekvensområdet. <a href="/wiki/Diffraksjon" title="Diffraksjon">Diffraksjon</a> gjev og eit løft i den øvre enden av frekvensresponsen og denne vert nytta for å auka bandbreidda. </p><p>Svingspolemikrofonare har ikkje like gode data som kondensatormikrofonar, men dei er av dei mest robuste mikrofontypane. Mikrofonkapsulen er ofte festa til det ytre huser med eit elastisk oppheng som dempar vibrasjonar og gjer at mikrofonen toler ein støyt. Dei overlever vanlegvis hardhendt handsaming, som å detta i golvet når eit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofonstativ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrofonstativ (sida finst ikkje)">mikrofonstativ</a> bikkar. Dei vert difor nytta til oppgåver der dei får hardhendt handsaming og/eller der krava til kvalitet ikkje er spesielt høge. Typiske døme er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taleforsterkning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taleforsterkning (sida finst ikkje)">taleforsterkning</a> på flyplassar, jarnbanestasjonar, bingohallar, og liknande. Nokre typar vert òg nytta av songarar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bandmikrofonar">Bandmikrofonar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Bandmikrofonar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bandmikrofonar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:B%C3%A4ndchenmikrofon-sv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/B%C3%A4ndchenmikrofon-sv.svg/220px-B%C3%A4ndchenmikrofon-sv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/B%C3%A4ndchenmikrofon-sv.svg/330px-B%C3%A4ndchenmikrofon-sv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/B%C3%A4ndchenmikrofon-sv.svg/440px-B%C3%A4ndchenmikrofon-sv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Bandmikrofon.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mikrofon_szalag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mikrofon_szalag.png/220px-Mikrofon_szalag.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mikrofon_szalag.png/330px-Mikrofon_szalag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mikrofon_szalag.png/440px-Mikrofon_szalag.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption>Den hesteskoforma magneten utgjer saman med luftgaper, der membranen er plassert, ein magnetisk krins.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ein bandmikrofon har ein leiande membran (ofte <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>) plassert i eit magnetfelt, sett opp av ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanentmagnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permanentmagnet (sida finst ikkje)">permanentmagnet</a>. Når membranen vert set i rørsle av innfallande lydbølgjer vert det generert ei elektrisk spenning </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e_{o}=Blu}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>u</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e_{o}=Blu}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b3e62f7c72b5e1441df2741edbde490cd34160ec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.999ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e_{o}=Blu}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>der <i>B</i> er den magnetiske flukstettleiken (<a href="/wiki/Eininga_tesla" title="Eininga tesla">Tesla</a>), <i>l</i> er lengda (<a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">m</a>) til den elektriske leiaren som utgjer viklingane i svingspolen og <i>u</i> er farten (<a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">m</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sekund" title="Sekund">s</a>). Som for ein svingspolemikron er spenninga proporsjonal til farten på membranen i høve til magnetfeltet<sup id="cite_ref-Eagle_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eagle-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Membranen kan ha ei lengd på 5 - 6 cm og ei breidd på 5 - 6 mm. Bredda på luftgapet i den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetisk_krins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetisk krins (sida finst ikkje)">magnetiske krinsen</a> er litt større enn breidda til membranen. Medan svingspolen i ein svingspolemikrofon har mange turn, er det membranen som fungerer som spole i ein bandmikrofon. Lengda på leiaren i magnetfeltet er difor den same som lengda til membranen (5 - 6 mm). Dette fører til ei svært låg utgangsspenning, så bandmikrofonar har ein innebygd transformator som transformer opp spenninga på utgangsterminalane. Denne transformatoren er ein kritisk komponent som er med på å auka prisen. </p><p>Medan svingspolemikrofonar vert laga både med omnidireksjonal og direksjonal (ofte nyre) polarrespons, har bandmikrofonar åttetalkarakteristikk. Dette kjem av at membranen er open på begge sider, slik at det på grunn av trykkgradienten oppstår ein trykkdifferanse </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta p={\frac {f_{d}}{S_{D}}}=uj\omega \rho _{0}\Delta l\cos(\theta )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mi>j</mi> <mi>ω</mi> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta p={\frac {f_{d}}{S_{D}}}=uj\omega \rho _{0}\Delta l\cos(\theta )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/037a0739c83230582ad534568837c9a52cb104f2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:28.173ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta p={\frac {f_{d}}{S_{D}}}=uj\omega \rho _{0}\Delta l\cos(\theta )}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>mellom dei to sidene av membranen, der <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{D}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{D}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7f00619bcf5d893a15673fa1d74a68b7cdd2c5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.732ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{D}}"></span> er krafta på membranen, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S_{D}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S_{D}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ab8f2e1fb3d724cff732d109bd7f040b8041b51b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.018ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S_{D}}"></span> er effektivt membranareal, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>u</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3e6bb763d22c20916ed4f0bb6bd49d7470cffd8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u}"></span> er farten til membranen, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ω</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48eff443f9de7a985bb94ca3bde20813ea737be8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega }"></span> er <a href="/wiki/Vinkelfrekvens" title="Vinkelfrekvens">vinkelfrekvensen</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d9c04a9d26b86af8c6205ba2a6287fd655b6b714" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.256ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{0}}"></span> er <a href="/wiki/Tettleik" title="Tettleik">tettleiken</a> til lufta, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta l}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta l}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1a439c0bf3936e60a15cffce8364a41638d2497c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.629ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta l}"></span> er lengda mellom fram- og baksida til membranen og <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \theta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>θ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \theta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6e5ab2664b422d53eb0c7df3b87e1360d75ad9af" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.09ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \theta }"></span> er vinkelen mellom den innfallande lydbølgja og normalen på membranen. </p><p>Trykkgradienten, og difor <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0758c326125ad3d8b96e515c7fd69164ec587b81" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.105ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta p}"></span>, er proporsjonal med frekvensen <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ω</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48eff443f9de7a985bb94ca3bde20813ea737be8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega }"></span>, men på grunn av at resonansfrekvensen til bandmikrofonar er plassert i nedre ende av frekvensområdet er farten <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>u</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3e6bb763d22c20916ed4f0bb6bd49d7470cffd8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u}"></span> til membranen invers proporsjonal med frekvensen. Følsamheita vert difor uavhengig av frekvensen. </p><p>For å bryta opp <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eigenfrekven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eigenfrekven (sida finst ikkje)">eigenfrekvenar</a> (resonansar) i membranen er han <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korrugering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korrugering (sida finst ikkje)">korrugert</a>. Membranen har i utgangspunktet for lite demping, så for å unngå at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Q-verdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Q-verdi (sida finst ikkje)">Q-verdien</a> vert for stor må han dempast. Dempinga vert til dels oppnådd ved viskøs demping ved å gjera avstanden mellom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polstykke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polstykke (sida finst ikkje)">polstykka</a> og membranen så liten som mogleg. Men dette er ofte ikkje nok og det vert tilført tilleggsdemping i form av akustiske motstandar på begge sider av membranen. <a href="/wiki/Silke" title="Silke">Silke</a> kan nyttast til dette, men eit finmaska metallgitter ver òg nytta. </p><p>På 1940- og 1950-talet var bandmikrofonar mykje nytta i radiostudio, men i dag vert dei i fyrste rekke nytta til opptak av klassisk musikk. På grunn av åttetalskarakteritikken vert dei ofte nytta i samband med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blumlein-opptak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blumlein-opptak (sida finst ikkje)">Blumlein-</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-opptak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-opptak (sida finst ikkje)">MS-opptak</a>. Bandmikrofonar er ømfintlege og må handsamast forsiktig. Dei er òg følsame for vind og er så godt som ubrukelege utandørs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mikrofontypar_klassifiserte_etter_bruksområde"><span id="Mikrofontypar_klassifiserte_etter_bruksomr.C3.A5de"></span>Mikrofontypar klassifiserte etter bruksområde</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Mikrofontypar klassifiserte etter bruksområde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Mikrofontypar klassifiserte etter bruksområde"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det finst eit utal ulike mikrofonar og det er uråd å laga ei eintydig klassifisering, men ein skil ofte mellom fire bruksområde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Profesjonelle_mikrofonar">Profesjonelle mikrofonar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Profesjonelle mikrofonar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Profesjonelle mikrofonar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Neumann_TLM170R_%26_Elastic_Suspension.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Neumann_TLM170R_%26_Elastic_Suspension.jpg/220px-Neumann_TLM170R_%26_Elastic_Suspension.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Neumann_TLM170R_%26_Elastic_Suspension.jpg/330px-Neumann_TLM170R_%26_Elastic_Suspension.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Neumann_TLM170R_%26_Elastic_Suspension.jpg/440px-Neumann_TLM170R_%26_Elastic_Suspension.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neuman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neuman (sida finst ikkje)">Neuman</a> TLM 170 R multidirektiv stormembranmikrofon i vibrasjonsdempande oppheng.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ved opptak av musikk i konsertsalar og lydstudio vert det stilt strenge krav til lydkvaliteten. Dei fleste profesjonelle mikrofonar er kondensator- eller elektretmikrofonar, men bandmikrofonar vert òg nytta. Slike mikrofonar vert produserte med stor presisjon og streng kvalitetskontroll, noko som fører til høge prisar. Både omnidireksjonale og direktive mikrofonar vert nytta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mikrofonar_for_generell_bruk">Mikrofonar for generell bruk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Endre bolk: Mikrofonar for generell bruk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Mikrofonar for generell bruk"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mikrofonar som vert nytta i samband med taleforesterking i forsamlingslokalar, jarnbanestasjonar, flyplassar og liknande må vera robuste og driftssikre, men det vert som oftast ikkje stilt strenge krav til lydkvalitet. Mikrofonar nytta av journalistar for å intervjua folk kjem i same kategori. I slike samanhengar vert det ofte nytta dynamiske mikrofonar, som i tillegg til å vera robuste ikkje treng matespenning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Småmikrofonar"><span id="Sm.C3.A5mikrofonar"></span>Småmikrofonar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Endre bolk: Småmikrofonar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Småmikrofonar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mikrofonar som til dømes vert nytta i <a href="/wiki/Telefon" title="Telefon">telefonar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diktafon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diktafon (sida finst ikkje)">diktafonar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B8yreapparat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Høyreapparat (sida finst ikkje)">høyreapparat</a> og alarmar, vert ofte produserte i store seriar og er difor billige. Slike mikrofonar er som oftast små elektretmikronar, dynamiske mikrofonar eller piezomikrofonar. Slike mikrofonar har ikkje like gode data som profesjonelle mikrofonar: eigenstøyen er høgare enn for profesjonelle mikrofonar og frekvensresponsen varierer meir frå eksemplar til eksemplar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Målemikrofonar"><span id="M.C3.A5lemikrofonar"></span>Målemikrofonar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Endre bolk: Målemikrofonar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Målemikrofonar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Målemikrofonar er omnidireksjonale kondensatormikrofonar med stor nøyaktigheit. Dei vert nytta for å måla frekvensrespons og direktivitet til <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8gtalar" title="Høgtalar">høgtalarar</a>, for måling av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romakustikk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romakustikk (sida finst ikkje)">romakustikk</a>, for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustisk_st%C3%B8y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akustisk støy (sida finst ikkje)">akustisk støy</a> i bygningar og utandørs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sjå_òg"><span id="Sj.C3.A5_.C3.B2g"></span>Sjå òg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Endre bolk: Sjå òg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sjå òg"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikrofonprodusentar" title="Mikrofonprodusentar">Mikrofonprodusentar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5lemikrofonprodusentar" title="Målemikrofonprodusentar">Målemikrofonprodusentar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrofon" title="Hydrofon">Hydrofon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accellometer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Accellometer (sida finst ikkje)">Accellometer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referansar">Referansar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Endre bolk: Referansar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referansar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Geddes, <i>Audio transducers</i>, GeddLee Associates, 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bartlett-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bartlett_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Bartlett, <i>Choosing the right microphone by understanding designtradeoffs</i>, Jou. Audio Eng. Soc., bind 35, nr 11, nov. 1987, ss. 924-943.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wente-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wente_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E.C. Wente, <i>A condenser transmitter as a uniformly sensitive instrument for the absolute measurement of sound intensity</i>, Physical Review, bind X, nr 1, 1. juli 1917, ss. 39-63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eagle-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Eagle_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Eagle_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Eagle_4-2">4,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Eagle_4-3">4,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Eagle, <i>The mocrophone book</i>, Focal Press, 2. utg., 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wong-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wong_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G.S.K. Wong og T.E.W. Embleton, <i>AIP handbook of condenser microphones - Theory, calibration, and measurements</i>AIP Press, 1995.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G.M. Sessler og J.E. West, <i>Electret transducers_ A review</i>, Jou. Audio Eng. Soc., bind 53, nr 6, 1973, ss. 1589-1600.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofon&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" 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