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language</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: migrants language"> <meta name="keywords" content="migrants language"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="migrants language"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4034</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: migrants language</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3824</span> A Study of Language Choice and Use among Young Thai in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Din%20Eak%20Arathai">Din Eak Arathai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research report is to investigate the language choice and use among the young generation of Malaysian Thais community. Besides that, it aims to investigate if there is a difference in language choice across the different domains. It will also examine if there has been a language shift from Thai to other languages by the young generation of Thai community in Malaysia. First the study focuses on the proficiency of Thai and other languages used by hundred (100) respondents belonging to young generation of Malaysian Thais aged range from 18-35. Next, language use and choice will be presented with a focus on the domains of family, friendship, entertainment and social. Finally, based on the findings and data collected, we will be able to see if language shift from Thai to other languages has occurred among the young Thai generation in Malaysia. The instrument used in this study was a 30-item questionnaire and the findings of the data analysis were presented in the form of frequency counts and percentages. The findings found that Thai language remains the most preferred language of choice among young Malaysian Thais but usage of other languages, such as Malay, English and Mandarin has increased and begun to influence the language choice of young Malaysian Thais and their proficiency of their mother tongue.In all the domains studied, Thai is almost exclusively the preferred language used when communicating with family. Malay is the most preferred language in communicating with friends while English is the most preferred language when communicating with colleagues. With regards to social and entertainment activities, young Malaysian Thais show great affinity for entertainment in the Thai language. In conclusion, the result of the study showed the beginning of young Malaysian Thais shifting to other languages, especially English and Malay through their daily choices when communicating with friends and family and especially through their language preferences in entertainment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20choice" title="language choice">language choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20use" title=" language use"> language use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20shift" title=" language shift"> language shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20maintenance" title=" language maintenance"> language maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20Malaysian%20Thais" title=" young Malaysian Thais"> young Malaysian Thais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20switching" title=" code switching"> code switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20mixing" title=" code mixing"> code mixing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24457/a-study-of-language-choice-and-use-among-young-thai-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3823</span> Influence of Language Hybridization on the Environmental Friendliness of Cross-Cultural Communication Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Kovalevich">Elena Kovalevich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20Tomasheva"> Irina Tomasheva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research relevance is caused by the importance of studying features of cross-cultural communication in the system of intensive language contacts, on the one hand, and on the other – by the need of control over the language situation as cross-cultural contacts often reflect emotionally intense reality, destructive for national culture and language and also for health and mentality of the individual. The objective consists in systematization of requirements imposed by the globalized society on ethics, aesthetics and emotive component of cross-cultural communication under conditions of language hybridization of modern Russian-speaking society. Problems connected with establishing the criteria differentiating eco-friendly and eco-unfriendly communication; identifying the specifics of the eco-unfriendly communication containing language hybrids; justifying the negative impact of language hybridization on ethics and esthetics of cross-cultural communication are considered, taking into account the category of emotivity. The study makes a contribution to the development of key problems of modern linguistics connected with exploration of basics in the theory of language personality, ecology of language, emotive linguistics. The results can be used by specialists in the fields of sociolinguistics, cross-cultural communication, the national language policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural%20communication" title="cross-cultural communication">cross-cultural communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-linguistics" title=" eco-linguistics"> eco-linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics%20and%20aesthetics" title=" ethics and aesthetics"> ethics and aesthetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotivity" title=" emotivity"> emotivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20hybrids" title=" language hybrids"> language hybrids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102594/influence-of-language-hybridization-on-the-environmental-friendliness-of-cross-cultural-communication-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102594.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3822</span> Teaching in One’s Second Language in a Bilingual University: Comparing the Perceptions of Francophone and Anglophone Instructors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne%20Knoerr">Hélène Knoerr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the impact of teaching in one’s second language on a faculty's sense of self-efficacy. With the increasing internationalization of universities, teaching in a foreign language, mainly in English, has been extensively studied. However, only a few studies have focused on teaching in one’s second language. In Canada, international faculty members have reported adverse effects on their academic careers due to unrealistic linguistic expectations. The aim of our study was to investigate the perceived impacts of teaching in one’s second language on professors in a bilingual university in Canada. It seeks to explore how faculty perceive their ability to teach effectively in their L2 and what personal and professional impacts they feel as a result of teaching in their second language. The study found that teaching in one's second language has a significant impact on faculty's sense of self-efficacy, including anxiety, frustration, and a sense of inadequacy. However, it was also noted that some instructors felt that teaching in their second language had a positive impact on their teaching practices and personal growth. This study highlights the importance of understanding the impact of teaching in one's second language on faculty's sense of self-efficacy in a bilingual university context. It also indicates the need to provide support programs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20sense%20of%20efficacy" title="teacher sense of efficacy">teacher sense of efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingual%20education" title=" bilingual education"> bilingual education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20in%20one%E2%80%99s%20L2" title=" teaching in one’s L2"> teaching in one’s L2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narrative%20inquiry" title=" narrative inquiry"> narrative inquiry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167923/teaching-in-ones-second-language-in-a-bilingual-university-comparing-the-perceptions-of-francophone-and-anglophone-instructors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3821</span> Anti-Language in Jordanian Spoken Arabic: A Sociolinguistic Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Mohammad%20Al-Harahsheh">Ahmad Mohammad Al-Harahsheh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anti-language reflects anti-society; it is a restricted spoken code used among a group of interlocutors because of anti-society. This study aims to shed light on the sociolinguistic characteristics of anti-language used by prisoners in Jordan. The participants included were 15 male-Jordanian prisoners who have recently been released. The data were written, transliterated, and analyzed on the basis of sociolinguistics and discourse analysis. This study draws on sociolinguistic theory of language codes as the theoretical framework. The study concludes that anti-language is a male language and is used for secrecy, as the prisoners' tendency to protect themselves from the police; it is a verbal competition, contest and display. In addition, it is employed to express obnoxious ideas and acts by using more pleasant or blurred words and expressions. Also, the anti-language used by prisoners has six linguistic characteristics in JSA (Jordanian Spoken Arabic), such as relexicalization, neologism, rhyme formation, semantic change, derivation, and metaphorical expressions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-language" title="anti-language">anti-language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordanian%20Spoken%20Arabic" title=" Jordanian Spoken Arabic"> Jordanian Spoken Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociolinguistics" title=" sociolinguistics"> sociolinguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prisoners" title=" prisoners"> prisoners</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50307/anti-language-in-jordanian-spoken-arabic-a-sociolinguistic-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3820</span> The effect of Reflective Thinking on Iranian EFL Learners’ Language Learning Strategy Use, L2 Proficiency, and Beliefs about Second Language Learning and Teaching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hadi%20Mahmoodi">Mohammad Hadi Mahmoodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Farahani"> Mojtaba Farahani </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aimed at investigating whether reflective thinking differentiates Iranian EFL learners regarding language learning strategy use, beliefs about language learning and teaching, and L2 proficiency. To this end, the researcher adopted a mixed method approach. First, 94 EFL learners were asked to complete Reflective Thinking Questionnaire (Kember et al., 2000), Beliefs about Language Learning and Teaching Inventory (Horwitz, 1985), Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (Oxford, 1990), and Oxford Quick Placement Test. The results of three separate one-way ANOVAs indicated that reflective thinking significantly differentiates Iranian EFL learners concerning: (a)language learning strategy use, (b) beliefs about language learning and teaching, and (c) general language proficiency. Furthermore, to see where the differences lay, three separate post-hoc Tukey tests were run the results of which showed that learners with different levels of reflectivity (high, mid, and low) were significantly different from each other in all three dependent variables. Finally, to increase the validity of the findings thirty of the participants were interviewed and the results were analyzed through template organizing style method (Crabtree & Miller, 1999). The results of the interview analysis supported the results of quantitative data analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflective%20thinking" title="reflective thinking">reflective thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning%20strategy%20use" title=" language learning strategy use"> language learning strategy use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beliefs%20toward%20language%20learning%20and%20teaching" title=" beliefs toward language learning and teaching"> beliefs toward language learning and teaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19148/the-effect-of-reflective-thinking-on-iranian-efl-learners-language-learning-strategy-use-l2-proficiency-and-beliefs-about-second-language-learning-and-teaching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">655</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3819</span> The Multi-Lingual Acquisition Patterns of Elementary, High School and College Students in Angeles City, Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dennis%20Infante">Dennis Infante</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonora%20Yambao"> Leonora Yambao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Philippines is a multilingual community. A Filipino learns at least three languages throughout his lifespan. Since languages are learned and picked up simultaneously in the environment, a student naturally develops a language system that combines features of at least three languages: the local language, English and Filipino. This study seeks to investigate this particular phenomenon and aspires to propose a theoretical framework of unique language acquisition in the elementary, high school and college in the three languages spoken and used in media, community, business and school: Kapampangan, the local language; Filipino, the national language; and English. The study randomly selects five students from three participating schools in order to acquire language samples. The samples were analyzed in the subsentential, sentential and suprasentential levels using grammatical theories. The data are classified to map out the pattern of substitution or shifting from one language to another. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20acquisition" title="language acquisition">language acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mother%20tongue" title=" mother tongue"> mother tongue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiculturalism" title=" multiculturalism"> multiculturalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingual%20education" title=" multilingual education"> multilingual education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5139/the-multi-lingual-acquisition-patterns-of-elementary-high-school-and-college-students-in-angeles-city-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3818</span> Considering Cultural and Linguistic Variables When Working as a Speech-Language Pathologist with Multicultural Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriela%20Smeckova">Gabriela Smeckova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The entire world is becoming more and more diverse. The reasons why people migrate are different and unique for each family /individual. Professionals delivering services (including speech-language pathologists) must be prepared to work with clients coming from different cultural and/or linguistic backgrounds. Well-educated speech-language pathologists will consider many factors when delivering services. Some of them will be discussed during the presentation (language spoken, beliefs about health care and disabilities, reasons for immigration, etc.). The communication styles of the client can be different than the styles of the speech-language pathologist. The goal is to become culturally responsive in service delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20competence" title=" cultural competence"> cultural competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culturallly%20responsive%20practices" title=" culturallly responsive practices"> culturallly responsive practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech-language%20pathologist" title=" speech-language pathologist"> speech-language pathologist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20and%20linguistical%20variables" title=" cultural and linguistical variables"> cultural and linguistical variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20styles" title=" communication styles"> communication styles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163485/considering-cultural-and-linguistic-variables-when-working-as-a-speech-language-pathologist-with-multicultural-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3817</span> Underage Internal Migration from Rural to Urban Areas of Ethiopia: The Perspective of Social Marketing in Controlling Child Labor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belaynesh%20Tefera">Belaynesh Tefera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mohammed"> Ahmed Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zelalem%20Bayisa"> Zelalem Bayisa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on the issue of underage internal migration from rural to urban areas in Ethiopia, specifically in the context of child labor. It addresses the significant disparities in living standards between rural and urban areas, which motivate individuals from rural areas to migrate to urban areas in search of better economic opportunities. The study was conducted in Addis Ababa, where there is a high prevalence of underage internal migrants engaged in child labor due to extreme poverty in rural parts of the country. The aim of this study is to explore the life experiences of shoe-makers who have migrated from rural areas of Ethiopia to Addis Ababa. The focus is on understanding the factors that push these underage individuals to migrate, the challenges they face, and the implications for child labor. This study adopts a qualitative approach, using semistructured face-to-face interviews with underage migrants. A total of 27 interviews were conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, until the point of data saturation. The criteria for selecting interviewees include working as shoemakers and migrating to Addis Ababa underage, below 16 years old. The interviews were audio-taped, transcribed into Amharic, and then translated into English for analysis. The study reveals that the major push factors for underage internal migration are socioeconomic and environmental factors. Despite improvements in living standards for underage migrants and their families, there is a high prevalence of child labor and lack of access to education among them. Most interviewees migrated without the accompaniment of their family members and faced various challenges, including sleeping on the streets. This study highlights the role of social marketing in addressing the issues of underage internal migration and child labor. It suggests that social marketing can be an effective strategy to protect children from abuse, loneliness, and harassment during their migration process. The data collection involved conducting in-depth interviews with the underage migrants. The interviews were transcribed and translated for analysis. The analysis focused on identifying common themes and patterns within the interview data. The study addresses the factors contributing to underage internal migration, the challenges faced by underage migrants, the prevalence of child labor, and the potential role of social marketing in addressing these issues. The study concludes that although Ethiopia has policies against child internal migration, it is difficult to protect underage laborers who migrate from rural to urban areas due to the voluntary nature of their migration. The study suggests that social marketing can serve as a solution to protect children from abuse and other challenges faced during migration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underage" title="underage">underage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20migration" title=" internal migration"> internal migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20marketing" title=" social marketing"> social marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20labor" title=" child labor"> child labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178579/underage-internal-migration-from-rural-to-urban-areas-of-ethiopia-the-perspective-of-social-marketing-in-controlling-child-labor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3816</span> Formation of Blends in Hausa Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Maimota%20Shehu">Maryam Maimota Shehu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Words are the basic building blocks of a language. In everyday usage of a language, words are used, and new words are formed and reformed to contain and accommodate all entities, phenomena, qualities and every aspect of the entire life. Despite the fact that many studies have been conducted on morphological processes in The Hausa language. Most of the works concentrated on borrowing, affixation, reduplication and derivation, but blending has been neglected to the extent that some of the Hausa linguists claim that, blending does not exist in the language. Therefore, the current study investigates and examines blending as one of the word formation processes' in the language. The study focuses its main attention on blending as a word-formation process and how this process is used adequately in the formation of words in The Hausa language. To achieve the aims, the research answered these questions: 1) is blending used as a process of word formation in Hausa? 2) What are the words formed using this process? This study utilizes the Natural Morphology Theory proposed by Dressler, (1985) which was adopted by Belly (2007). The data of this study have been collected from newspaper articles, novels, and written literature of Hausa language. Based on the findings, this study found out that, there exist new kind of words formed in The Hausa language under blending, which previous findings did not either reveal or explain in detail. Another part of the finding shows that some of the words change their grammatical classes and meaning while blended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title="morphology">morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=word%20formation" title=" word formation"> word formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blending%20in%20hausa%20language" title=" blending in hausa language"> blending in hausa language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22333/formation-of-blends-in-hausa-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3815</span> University Level Spanish Heritage Language Students' Use of Metaphor in Writing: Exploring Auto-Biographical Linguistic Narratives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorraine%20Ramos">Lorraine Ramos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The question of heritage language learners in foreign language classrooms has been widely debated in second language education, especially with Spanish in a U.S. Instructors of Spanish as a foreign language have brought pedagogical focus to Spanish heritage language students in order to retain, develop and maintain their first language. This paper proposes a thorough examination of the use of conceptual metaphors within autobiographical linguistic narratives as a key indicator of the writing development of advanced Spanish-language students. By pairing genre theory from Systemic Functional Linguistics with metaphor theory, this paper will examine the metaphors used by 3rd and 4th year university Spanish students within the narrative genre from a corpus of 16, 091 words. The investigation has found that heritage language students use a variety of bicultural metaphors, transferred from both languages to conceptualize their linguistic development, in addition to using metaphor in specific narrative stages as a literary strategy. Since it has been found that the metaphors used were transcultural, the use of conceptual metaphors in heritage language learners can be further examined to help these students achieve their linguistic and academic goals in the Spanish by transferring from their knowledge in English. In conclusion, by closely examining the function of student discourse through their multicultural metaphoric competence, this study provides important insights on how to enable instructors to best further their students’ writing development in the target language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20writing%20development" title="academic writing development">academic writing development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20language%20learners" title=" heritage language learners"> heritage language learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20attitudes%20and%20ideologies" title=" language attitudes and ideologies"> language attitudes and ideologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94067/university-level-spanish-heritage-language-students-use-of-metaphor-in-writing-exploring-auto-biographical-linguistic-narratives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3814</span> Glossematics and Textual Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhadi%20Nadjer">Abdelhadi Nadjer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The structure of the text to the systemic school -(glossématique-Helmslev). At the beginning of the note we have a cursory look around the concepts of general linguistics The science that studies scientific study of human language based on the description and preview the facts away from the trend of education than we gave a detailed overview the founder of systemic school and most important customers and more methods and curriculum theory and analysis they extend to all humanities, practical action each offset by a theoretical and the procedure can be analyzed through the elements that pose as another method we talked to its links with other language schools where they are based on the sharp criticism of the language before and deflected into consideration for the field of language and its erection has outside or language network and its participation in the actions (non-linguistic) and after that we started our Valglosamatik analytical structure of the text is ejected text terminal or all of the words to was put for expression. This text Negotiable divided into types in turn are divided into classes and class should not be carrying a contradiction and be inclusive. It is on the same materials as described relationships that combine language and seeks to describe their relations and identified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text" title="text">text</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20schools" title=" language schools"> language schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistics" title=" linguistics"> linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20language" title=" human language"> human language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29435/glossematics-and-textual-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3813</span> Arabic Language in Modern Era: Some Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tajudeen%20Yusuf">Tajudeen Yusuf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arabic language and its instruction occupy a prominent status in the contemporary world, especially in academic and research institutions. Arabic, like other international languages, consolidates understanding among people of different nations and societies. It is a promising medium of sharing thoughts and feelings. As a means of communication and interaction, the language has gained its outstanding status since ancient times, especially because of the relationship it maintains with Islam and its heritage. Adding to its importance is the rapid growth and advancement of Science and Technology in the contemporary Era which has eventually made communication between human societies all over the world inevitable. Despite, the Arabic language still experiences many challenges especially in some area such as irrelevant textbooks and other teaching materials, old versions of teaching methods and inadequate teachers who professionally trained. Eventually, these have resulted in difficulties in the teaching and learning of the language. Therefore, urgent and necessary measures to enhance the teaching and learning of Arabic language within and outside Arab countries are therefore needed to be taken. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title=" challenges"> challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20era" title=" modern era"> modern era</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33258/arabic-language-in-modern-era-some-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">597</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3812</span> Arabic as a Foreign Language in the Curriculum of Higher Education in Nigeria: Problems, Solutions, and Prospects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazeem%20Oluwatoyin%20Ajape">Kazeem Oluwatoyin Ajape</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study is concerned with the problem of how to improve the teaching of Arabic as a foreign language in Nigerian Higher Education System. The paper traces the historical background of Arabic education in Nigeria and also outlines the problems facing the language in Nigerian Institutions. It lays down some of the essential foundation work necessary for bringing about systematic and constructive improvements in the Teaching of Arabic as a Foreign Language (TAFL) by giving answers to the following research questions: what is the appropriate medium of instruction in teaching a foreign or second language? What is the position of English language in the teaching and learning of Arabic/Islamic education? What is the relevance of the present curriculum of Arabic /Islamic education in Nigerian institutions to the contemporary society? A survey of the literature indicates that a revolution is currently taking place in FL teaching and that a new approach known as the Communicative Approach (CA), has begun to emerge and influence the teaching of FLs in general, over the last decade or so. Since the CA is currently being adapted to the teaching of most major FLs and since this revolution has not yet had much impact on TAPL, the study explores the possibility of the application of the CA to the teaching of Arabic as a living language and also makes recommendations towards the development of the language in Nigerian Institutions of Higher Learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20Language" title="Arabic Language">Arabic Language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20language" title=" foreign language"> foreign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigerian%20institutions" title=" Nigerian institutions"> Nigerian institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum" title=" curriculum"> curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communicative%20approach" title=" communicative approach "> communicative approach </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21395/arabic-as-a-foreign-language-in-the-curriculum-of-higher-education-in-nigeria-problems-solutions-and-prospects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">612</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3811</span> Teacher Education and the Impact of Higher Education Foreign Language Requirements on Students with Learning Disabilities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joao%20Carlos%20Koch%20Junior">Joao Carlos Koch Junior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Risa%20Takashima"> Risa Takashima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Learning disabilities have been extensively and increasingly studied in recent times. In spite of this, there is arguably a scarce number of studies addressing a key issue, which is the impact of foreign-language requirements on students with learning disabilities in higher education, and the lack of training or awareness of teachers regarding language learning disabilities. This study is an attempt to address this issue. An extensive review of the literature in multiple fields will be summarised. This, paired with a case-analysis of a university adopting a more inclusive approach towards special-needs students in its foreign-language programme, this presentation aims to establish a link between different studies and propose a number of suggestions to make language classrooms more inclusive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20language%20teaching" title="foreign language teaching">foreign language teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20teacher%20education" title=" language teacher education"> language teacher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20disabilities" title=" learning disabilities"> learning disabilities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67625/teacher-education-and-the-impact-of-higher-education-foreign-language-requirements-on-students-with-learning-disabilities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3810</span> “Self-efficacy, Task value and Metacognitive Self-regulation as Predictors of English Language Achievement”</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Baissane%20and">Omar Baissane and</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Zaid"> Hassan Zaid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-efficacy, task value, and metacognitive self-regulation predict students’ English language achievement among Vietnamese high school students. In this non-experimental quantitative study, 403 Vietnamese random participants were required to fill out the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire to measure self-efficacy, task value and metacognitive self-regulation. Criterion for English language achievement was the final grade that students themselves reported. The results revealed that, unlike metacognitive self-regulation, self-efficacy and task value were significantly correlated with language achievement. Moreover, the findings showed that self-efficacy was the only significant predictor of language achievement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20achievement" title="language achievement">language achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metacognitive%20self-regulation" title=" metacognitive self-regulation"> metacognitive self-regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictor" title=" predictor"> predictor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-efficacy" title=" self-efficacy"> self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task%20value" title=" task value"> task value</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178284/self-efficacy-task-value-and-metacognitive-self-regulation-as-predictors-of-english-language-achievement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3809</span> Validating the Arabic Communicative Development Inventory for Assessing the Development of Language in Arabic-Speaking Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alshaimaa%20Abdelwahab">Alshaimaa Abdelwahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allegra%20Cattani"> Allegra Cattani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20Floccia"> Caroline Floccia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assessing children’s language is fundamental for changing their developmental outcome as it gives a chance for a quick and early intervention with the suitable planning and monitoring program. The importance of language assessment lies in helping to find the right test fit for purpose, in addition to achievement and proficiency. This study examines the validity of a new Arabic assessment tool, the Arabic Communicative Development Inventory ‘Arabic CDI’. It assesses the development of language in Arabic children in different Arabic countries, allowing to detect children with language delay. A concurrent validity is set to compare the Arabic CDI to the Arabic Language test. Twenty-three typically developing Egyptian healthy children and their mothers participated in this study. Their age is 24 months (+ or -) two weeks. The sample included 13 males and 10 females. Mothers completed the Arabic CDI either before or after the Arabic Language Test was conducted with the child. The score for comprehension in the Arabic CDI (M= 52.7, SD= 9.7) and words understood in the Arabic Language Test (M= 59.6, SD= 12.5) were strongly and positively correlated (r= .62, p= .002). At the same time, the scores for production in the Arabic CDI (M= 38.4, SD= 14.8) and words expressed in the Arabic Language Test (M= 52.1, SD= 16.3) were also strongly and positively correlated (r= .82, p= .000). The new Arabic CDI is an adequate tool for assessing the development of comprehension and production at Arabic children. In addition, it could be used for detecting children with language impairment. Standardization of the Arabic CDI across 18 different Arabic dialects in children aged 8 to 30 months is underway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20CDI" title="Arabic CDI">Arabic CDI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessing%20children" title=" assessing children"> assessing children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20development" title=" language development"> language development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20impairment" title=" language impairment"> language impairment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64877/validating-the-arabic-communicative-development-inventory-for-assessing-the-development-of-language-in-arabic-speaking-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3808</span> Socioeconomic Status and Gender Influence on Linguistic Change: A Case Study on Language Competence and Confidence of Multilingual Minority Language Speakers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefanie%20Siebenh%C3%BCtter">Stefanie Siebenhütter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Male and female speakers use language differently and with varying confidence levels. This paper contrasts gendered differences in language use with socioeconomic status and age factors. It specifically examines how Kui minority language use and competence are conditioned by the variable of gender and discusses potential reasons for this variation by examining gendered language awareness and sociolinguistic attitudes. Moreover, it discusses whether women in Kui society function as 'leaders of linguistic change', as represented in Labov’s sociolinguistic model. It discusses whether societal role expectations in collectivistic cultures influence the model of linguistic change. The findings reveal current Kui speaking preferences and give predictions on the prospective language use, which is a stable situation of multilingualism because the current Kui speakers will socialize and teach the prospective Kui speakers in the near future. It further confirms that Lao is losing importance in Kui speaker’s (female’s) daily life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20construction" title=" identity construction"> identity construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20change" title=" language change"> language change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minority%20language" title=" minority language"> minority language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingualism" title=" multilingualism"> multilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociolinguistics" title=" sociolinguistics"> sociolinguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20Networks" title=" social Networks"> social Networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114151/socioeconomic-status-and-gender-influence-on-linguistic-change-a-case-study-on-language-competence-and-confidence-of-multilingual-minority-language-speakers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3807</span> Investigating Teachers’ Perceptions about the Use of Technology in Second Language Learning at Universities in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadir%20Ali%20Mugheri">Nadir Ali Mugheri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study has explored the perceptions of English language teachers (ELT) regarding use of technology in learning English as a second language (L2) at Universities in Pakistan. In this regard, 200 ELT teachers from 80 leading universities were selected through a judgmental sampling method. Results established that most of the teachers supported integration and incorporation of technology in the language classroom so as to teach L2 in an effective and efficient way. This study unearthed that the teachers termed the use of technology in learning English as a second language (ESL) as a positive step towards enhancing the learning capabilities and improving the personal traits of the students or learners. Findings suggest that the integration of technology in the language learning makes the learners within the classroom active and enthusiastic, and the teachers need to be equipped with the latest knowledge of mobile assisted language learning (MALL) and computer assisted language learning (CALL) so that they may ensure use of this innovative technology in their teaching practices. Results also indicated that the technology has proved itself a stimulus for improving language in the ELT milieu. The use of technology helps teachers develop themselves professionally. This study discovered that there are many determinants that make teaching and learning within the classroom efficacious, while the use of technology is one of them. Data was collected through qualitative design in order to get a complete depiction. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed through thematic analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=english%20language%20teaching" title="english language teaching">english language teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20assisted%20language%20learning" title=" computer assisted language learning"> computer assisted language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=use%20of%20technology" title=" use of technology"> use of technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thematic%20analysis" title=" thematic analysis"> thematic analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171073/investigating-teachers-perceptions-about-the-use-of-technology-in-second-language-learning-at-universities-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3806</span> Chinese Übermensches: Mobility Capital and the Entrepreneurial Experiences of Young Privileged Chinese Migrants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenfu%20Zhang">Wenfu Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines why young, privileged Chinese individuals emigrate, how they sustain fluid, ongoing movement, and the life goals through migrant entrepreneurship. Through interviews with 30 young Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in the UK, this study reveals that they migrate primarily to escape an increasingly "risk society", characterized by reduced social and personal freedoms, a hostile business environment, and hyper-competition within professional and entrepreneurial sectors in the PRC. In this context, elite-oriented immigration policies of Northern countries align with these migrants' goals, creating a duality of 'neoliberalism as exception' and 'exceptions to neoliberalism', which facilitates selective entry for young, privileged Chinese. Intriguingly, even within the perceived context of an increasingly 'risk society,' young, privileged migrants are hesitant to relinquish their Chinese nationality, despite having diligently obtained UK residency. This choice reflects a deliberate strategy to cultivate 'mobility capital'. A Northern country's residency offers mobility to exit China when “risks” emerge, while Chinese nationality enables a strategic return when advantageous. This study contributes to the literature on how young, privileged Chinese individuals from the not-so-distant ‘Deng Xiaoping Era’ view China’s ongoing “New Era” as shaping their future aspirations with uncertainty; it examines how revenue-driven immigration controls in postcolonial Northern countries impact Southern elites by enabling them to project their domestic inequality issues onto a global scale through the use of mobility capital. In this study, it term these young Chinese elites "Chinese Übermensches," an unparalleled phenomenon in Chinese migration history. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility%20capital" title="mobility capital">mobility capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elite%20migration" title=" elite migration"> elite migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title=" entrepreneurship"> entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neoliberalism" title=" neoliberalism"> neoliberalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20society" title=" risk society"> risk society</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194431/chinese-ubermensches-mobility-capital-and-the-entrepreneurial-experiences-of-young-privileged-chinese-migrants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3805</span> Remodeling English Language Arts Lessons: Critical Thinking- Based Pedagogy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majed%20Al-Quran">Majed Al-Quran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Language arts, as a domain of learning, principally covers the study of literature and the arts of reading and writing. These three areas deal with the art of conceptualizing and representing in language how people live and might live their lives. And all three are significantly concerned with gaining command of language and expression. Of course, there is no command of language separate from the command of thought. The paper addresses how EFL learners can develop insight and sense into what can be earned from literature and a sense of putting experiences into words. It further shows how critical thinking-based instruction helps students develop command of their own ideas, which consequently requires command over the words in which they express them. Critical thinking stipulates that in words and ideas, there is the power to create systems of beliefs and multiple conceptions of life. Remodeling language lessons aim at overcoming the challenge of stimulating learners to cultivate a new and different conception of language skills, including those of reading and writing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20arts" title="language arts">language arts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remodeling" title=" remodeling"> remodeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking" title=" critical thinking"> critical thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogy" title=" pedagogy"> pedagogy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166702/remodeling-english-language-arts-lessons-critical-thinking-based-pedagogy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3804</span> Investigating the Potential of VR in Language Education: A Study of Cybersickness and Presence Metrics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakib%20Hasn">Sakib Hasn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Anwar"> Shahid Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study highlights the vital importance of assessing the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire and presence measures as virtual reality (VR) incorporation into language teaching gains popularity. To address user discomfort, which prevents efficient learning in VR environments, the measurement of SSQ becomes crucial. Additionally, evaluating presence metrics is essential to determine the level of engagement and immersion, both crucial for rich language learning experiences. This paper designs a VR-based Chinese language application and proposes a thorough test technique aimed at systematically analyzing SSQ and presence measures. Subjective tests and data analysis were carried out to highlight the significance of addressing user discomfort in VR language education. The results of this study shed light on the difficulties posed by user discomfort in VR language learning and offer insightful advice on how to improve VR language learning applications. Furthermore, the outcome of the research explores ‘VR-based language education,’ ‘inclusive language learning platforms," and "cross-cultural communication,’ highlighting the potential for VR to facilitate language learning across diverse cultural backgrounds. Overall, the analysis results contribute to the enrichment of language learning experiences in the virtual realm and underscore the need for continued exploration and improvement in this field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality%20%28VR%29" title="virtual reality (VR)">virtual reality (VR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20education" title=" language education"> language education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulator%20sickness%20questionnaire" title=" simulator sickness questionnaire"> simulator sickness questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=presence%20metrics" title=" presence metrics"> presence metrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VR-based%20Chinese%20language%20education" title=" VR-based Chinese language education"> VR-based Chinese language education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181409/investigating-the-potential-of-vr-in-language-education-a-study-of-cybersickness-and-presence-metrics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3803</span> Higher Language Education in Australia: Uncovering Language Positioning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mobina%20Sahraee%20Juybari">Mobina Sahraee Juybari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are around 300 languages spoken in Australia, and more than one-fifth of the population speaks a language other than English at home. The presence of international students in schools raises this number still further. Although the multilingual and multicultural status of Australia has been acknowledged by the government in education policy, the strong focus on English in institutional settings threatens the maintenance and learning of other languages. This is particularly true of universities’ language provisions. To cope with the financial impact of Covid-19, the government has cut funding for a number of Asian languages, such as Indonesian, Japanese and Chinese. This issue threats the maintenance of other languages in Australia and leaves students unprepared for the future job market. By taking account of the current reality of Australia’s diverse cultural and lingual makeup, this research intends to uncover the positioning of languages by having a historical look at Australia’s language policy and examining the value of languages and the probable impact of Covid-19 on the place of languages taught in Australian universities. A qualitative study will be adopted with language program tutors and course coordinators, with semi-structured interviews and government language policy analysis. This research hopes to provide insights into both the maintenance and learning of international language programs in tertiary language education in Australia and more widely. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education%20sector" title=" higher education sector"> higher education sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20maintenance" title=" language maintenance"> language maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20and%20culture%20diversity" title=" language and culture diversity"> language and culture diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147005/higher-language-education-in-australia-uncovering-language-positioning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3802</span> Strategies for the Development of Cultural Intelligence in the Foreign Language Classroom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azucena%20Yearby">Azucena Yearby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined if cultural intelligence can be developed through the study of a foreign language. Specifically, the study sought to determine if strategies such as the Arts/History, Vocabulary and Real or Simulated Experiences have an effect on the development of cultural intelligence in the foreign language classroom. Students enrolled in Spanish 1114 or level 1 Spanish courses at the University of Central Oklahoma (UCO) completed Linn Van Dyne’s 20-item questionnaire that measures Cultural Intelligence (CQ). Results from the study indicated a slight cultural intelligence increase in those students who received an intervention. Therefore, the study recommended that foreign language educators implement the considered strategies in the classroom in order to increase their students’ cultural intelligence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20competency" title="cultural competency">cultural competency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20intelligence" title=" cultural intelligence"> cultural intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20language" title=" foreign language"> foreign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70995/strategies-for-the-development-of-cultural-intelligence-in-the-foreign-language-classroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3801</span> Evaluating Language Loss Effect on Autobiographical Memory by Examining Memory Phenomenology in Bilingual Speakers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anastasia%20Sorokina">Anastasia Sorokina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Graduate language loss or attrition has been well documented in individuals who migrate and become emersed in a different language environment. This phenomenon of first language (L1) attrition is an example of non-pathological (not due to trauma) and can manifest itself in frequent pauses, search for words, or grammatical errors. While the widely experienced loss of one’s first language might seem harmless, there is convincing evidence from the disciplines of Developmental Psychology, Bilingual Studies, and even Psychotherapy that language plays a crucial role in the memory of self. In fact, we remember, store, and share personal memories with the help of language. Dual-Coding Theory suggests that language memory code deterioration could lead to forgetting. Yet, no one has investigated a possible connection between language loss and memory. The present study aims to address this research gap by examining a corpus of 1,495 memories of Russian-English bilinguals who are on a continuum of L1 (first language) attrition. Since phenomenological properties capture how well a memory is remembered, the following descriptors were selected - vividness, ease of recall, emotional valence, personal significance, and confidence in the event. A series of linear regression statistical analyses were run to examine the possible negative effects of L1 attrition on autobiographical memory. The results revealed that L1 attrition might compromise perceived vividness and confidence in the event, which is indicative of memory deterioration. These findings suggest the importance of heritage language maintenance in immigrant communities who might be forced to assimilate as language loss might negatively affect the memory of self. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L1%20attrition" title="L1 attrition">L1 attrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autobiographical%20memory" title=" autobiographical memory"> autobiographical memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20loss" title=" language loss"> language loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory%20phenomenology" title=" memory phenomenology"> memory phenomenology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20coding" title=" dual coding"> dual coding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151680/evaluating-language-loss-effect-on-autobiographical-memory-by-examining-memory-phenomenology-in-bilingual-speakers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3800</span> Teaching Vietnamese as the Official Language for Indigenous Preschool Children in Lai Chau, Vietnam: Exploring Teachers' Beliefs about Second Language Acquisition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thao%20Thi%20Vu">Thao Thi Vu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libby%20Lee-Hammond"> Libby Lee-Hammond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20McConney"> Andrew McConney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Vietnam, the Vietnamese language is normally used as the language of instruction. The dominance of this language places children who have a different first language such as Indigenous children at a disadvantage when commencing school. This study explores preschool teachers’ beliefs about second language acquisition in Lai Chau provinces where is typical of highland provinces of Vietnam and the proportion of Indigenous minority groups in high. Data were collected from surveys with both closed-end questions and opened-end questions. The participants in this study were more than 200 public preschool teachers who come from eight different districts in Lai Chau. An analysis of quantitative data survey is presented to indicate several practical implications, such as the connection between teachers’ knowledge background that gained from their pre-service and in-service teacher education programs regarding second language teaching for Indigenous children and their practice. It also explains some factors that influence teachers’ beliefs and perspective about Indigenous children and pedagogies in their classes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20children" title="indigenous children">indigenous children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20Vietnamese" title=" learning Vietnamese"> learning Vietnamese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool" title=" preschool"> preschool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers%E2%80%99%20beliefs" title=" teachers’ beliefs"> teachers’ beliefs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80196/teaching-vietnamese-as-the-official-language-for-indigenous-preschool-children-in-lai-chau-vietnam-exploring-teachers-beliefs-about-second-language-acquisition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3799</span> The Output Fallacy: An Investigation into Input, Noticing, and Learners’ Mechanisms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samantha%20Rix">Samantha Rix</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the cognitive processing of learners who receive input but produce very little or no output, and who, when they do produce output, exhibit a similar language proficiency as do those learners who produced output more regularly in the language classroom. Previous studies have investigated the benefits of output (with somewhat differing results); therefore, the presentation will begin with an investigation of what may underlie gains in proficiency without output. Consequently, a pilot study was designed and conducted to gain insight into the cognitive processing of low-output language learners looking, for example, at quantity and quality of noticing. This will be carried out within the paradigm of action classroom research, observing and interviewing low-output language learners in an intensive English program at a small Midwest university. The results of the pilot study indicated that autonomy in language learning, specifically utilizing strategies such self-monitoring, self-talk, and thinking 'out-loud', were crucial in the development of language proficiency for academic-level performance. The presentation concludes with an examination of pedagogical implication for classroom use in order to aide students in their language development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20processing" title="cognitive processing">cognitive processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learners" title=" language learners"> language learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20proficiency" title=" language proficiency"> language proficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20strategies" title=" learning strategies"> learning strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37442/the-output-fallacy-an-investigation-into-input-noticing-and-learners-mechanisms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3798</span> Ethnolinguistic Otherness: The Vedda Language (Baasapojja) of Indigenous Adivasi (Veddas) of Dambana in Sri Lanka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nimasha%20Malalasekera">Nimasha Malalasekera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Working with the indigenous Adivasi (Vedda) community of Dambana in the district of Badulla in Sri Lanka, this research documents linguistic data to address language and cultural endangerment. The ancestral language of Adivasi has undergone sustained restructuration over a long historical period due to its contact with Sinhala, an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the majority Sinhalese. The Vedda language is highly endangered today. At present, all speakers of the Vedda language spoken in Dambana are Adivasi men in the parent generation, who are Sinhala-Vedda bilinguals. Adivasi women and children do not speak the Vedda language but Sinhala in everyday life. Women can understand the Vedda language and would respond to a Vedda language utterance in Sinhala. The use of the Vedda language is largely restricted to self-ascribing Adivasi men who employ it in the context of cultural tourism in Dambana to index ethnolinguistic otherness. Adivasi of Dambana often refers to this distinct linguistic code that they speak as baasapojja or language. This research employs a cooperative model of ethnographic documentation to explore the interrelations between discursive practices, linguistic structures, and linguistic (and broader sociocultural) ideologies in this community. The Vedda language has been previously identified as a dialect of Sinhala or a creole emerging in the contact between Sinhala and the ancestral Vedda language. This paper analyzes the current language endangerment context of bilingual Adivasi members that allows the birth of a mixed language. The aim of this research is to preserve ongoing linguistic innovation among this endangered language speech community. It contributes to the appreciation of creative cultural and linguistic production of a stigmatized minuscule indigenous community of South Asia that strives to assert a distinct linguistic and cultural identity from the dominant populations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vedda%20language" title="Vedda language">Vedda language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20endangerment" title=" language endangerment"> language endangerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20languages" title=" mixed languages"> mixed languages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20identity" title=" indigenous identity"> indigenous identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164067/ethnolinguistic-otherness-the-vedda-language-baasapojja-of-indigenous-adivasi-veddas-of-dambana-in-sri-lanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3797</span> The Influence of Language and Background Culture on Speakers from the Viewpoint of Gender and Identity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuko%20Tomoto">Yuko Tomoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to examine the assumption that female bilingual speakers more often change the way they talk or think depending on the language they use compared with male bilingual speakers. The author collected data through questionnaires on 241 bilingual speakers. Also, in-depth interview surveys were conducted with 13 Japanese/English bilingual speakers whose native language is Japanese and 16 English/Japanese bilingual speakers whose native language is English. The results indicate that both male and female bilingual speakers are more or less influenced consciously and unconsciously by the language they use, as well as by the background cultural values of each language. At the same time, it was found that female speakers are much more highly affected by the language they use, its background culture and also by the interlocutors they were talking to. This was probably due to the larger cultural expectations on women. Through conversations, speakers are not only conveying a message but also attempting to express who they are, and what they want to be like. In other words, they are constantly building up and updating their own identities by choosing the most appropriate language and descriptions to express themselves in the dialogues. It has been claimed that the images of ideal L2 self could strongly motivate learners. The author hopes to make the best use of the fact that bilingual speakers change their presence depending on the language they use, in order to motivate Japanese learners of English, especially female learners from the viewpoint of finding their new selves in English. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20influence" title="cultural influence">cultural influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20expectation" title=" gender expectation"> gender expectation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning" title=" language learning"> language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L2%20self" title=" L2 self"> L2 self</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58716/the-influence-of-language-and-background-culture-on-speakers-from-the-viewpoint-of-gender-and-identity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3796</span> Belonging in South Africa: Networks among African Immigrants and South African Natives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efe%20Mary%20Isike">Efe Mary Isike</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The variety of relationships between migrants and host communities is an enduring theme of migration studies. On one extreme, there are numerous examples of hostility towards ‘strangers’ who are either ejected from society or denied access to jobs, housing, education, healthcare and other aspects of normal life. More moderate treatments of those identified as different include expectations of assimilation in which host communities expect socially marginalized groups to conform to norms that they define. Both exclusion and assimilation attempt to manage the problem of difference by removing it. South Africa experienced great influx of African immigrants who worked in mines and farms under harsh and exploitative conditions before and after the institutionalization of apartheid. Although these labour migrants contributed a great deal to the economic development of South Africa, they were not given citizenship status. The formal democratization in 1994 came with dreams and expectations of a more inclusive South Africa, where black South Africans hoped to maximize their potential in a more free, fair and equal society. In the same vein, it also opened spaces for an influx of especially African immigrants into the country which set the stage for a new form of contest for belonging between South African citizens and African migrant settlers. One major manifestation of this contest was the violent xenophobic attacks against African immigrants which predate that of May 2008 and has continued with lower intensity across the country since then. While it is doubtless possible to find abundant evidence of antagonism in the relations between South Africans and African immigrants, the purpose of this study is to investigate the everyday realities of migrants in ordinary places who interact with a variety of people through their livelihood activities, marriages and social relationships, moving around towns and cities, in their residential areas, in faith-based organizations and other elements of everyday life. Rather than assuming all relations are hostile, this study intends to look at the breadth of everyday relationships within a specific context. Based on the foregoing, the main task of this study is to holistically examine and explain the nature of interactions between African migrants and South African citizens by analysing the social network ties that connect them in the specific case of Umhlathuze municipality. It will also investigate the variety of networks that exists between African migrants and South Africans and examine the nature of the linkages in the various networks identified between these two groups in Umhlathuze Municipality. Apart from a review of relevant literature, policies and other official documents, this paper will employ a purposive sample survey and in-depth interview of African immigrants and South Africans within their networks in selected suburbs in KwaZulu-Natal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=networks" title=" networks"> networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=host%20communities" title=" host communities"> host communities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7510/belonging-in-south-africa-networks-among-african-immigrants-and-south-african-natives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3795</span> Understanding the Heart of the Matter: A Pedagogical Framework for Apprehending Successful Second Language Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cinthya%20Olivares%20Garita">Cinthya Olivares Garita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Untangling language processing in second language development has been either a taken-for-granted and overlooked task for some English language teaching (ELT) instructors or a considerable feat for others. From the most traditional language instruction to the most communicative methodologies, how to assist L2 learners in processing language in the classroom has become a challenging matter in second language teaching. Amidst an ample array of methods, strategies, and techniques to teach a target language, finding a suitable model to lead learners to process, interpret, and negotiate meaning to communicate in a second language has imposed a great responsibility on language teachers; committed teachers are those who are aware of their role in equipping learners with the appropriate tools to communicate in the target language in a 21stcentury society. Unfortunately, one might find some English language teachers convinced that their job is only to lecture students; others are advocates of textbook-based instruction that might hinder second language processing, and just a few might courageously struggle to facilitate second language learning effectively. Grounded on the most representative empirical studies on comprehensible input, processing instruction, and focus on form, this analysis aims to facilitate the understanding of how second language learners process and automatize input and propose a pedagogical framework for the successful development of a second language. In light of this, this paper is structured to tackle noticing and attention and structured input as the heart of processing instruction, comprehensible input as the missing link in second language learning, and form-meaning connections as opposed to traditional grammar approaches to language teaching. The author finishes by suggesting a pedagogical framework involving noticing-attention-comprehensible-input-form (NACIF based on their acronym) to support ELT instructors, teachers, and scholars on the challenging task of facilitating the understanding of effective second language development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language%20development" title="second language development">second language development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogical%20framework" title=" pedagogical framework"> pedagogical framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noticing" title=" noticing"> noticing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention" title=" attention"> attention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehensible%20input" title=" comprehensible input"> comprehensible input</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=form" title=" form"> form</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189355/understanding-the-heart-of-the-matter-a-pedagogical-framework-for-apprehending-successful-second-language-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migrants%20language&page=7" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migrants%20language&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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